be somewhat cool and it will be very flexible Instructions to harden soft Iron Take the concoction of Vervein Housleek Juice the juice of Hore hound Radish or Rue dissolve in them some Alum-powder and the business will be effected if you anoint your Metal when hot with the liquid part To harden all manner of Iron Tools or Instruments Take the Leaves or juice of Pentefole or five leaved Grass the juice of a Limon or White-wine Vinegar and dip the pieces of Metal or Tools in it when hot and do so often and you will find the advantage To make Iron as hard as Steel Take the juice of Roman Nigrel and Mouse-ear herbs so called and strike over the Metal being hot and by this means Tools may be made of it that will cut Iron To harden Metal so that it shall not crack nor flaw c. Take Oil of Spike and Mutton Suet and dawb over the Metal hot then plunge it suddenly in cold water and the business will be effected To harden Augres Files Chizels Mattocks c. for use Take the Juice of Radish or Cole-worts mix it with Ley made of Soap-ashes heat it over the Fire and when your Tools are well heated or red hot in the Fire quench them in it To make Tools so hard that they will cut Iron Copper c. Take Salt Peter and Copperas strew them in Powder upon the Tools when red hot and then quench them in the destilled water of Shell-snails and your expectation will be answered To colour or varnish Tin Copper or the like metals Take half a pint of Line-seed Oil warm it over the Fire and scum it then put therein bruised Amber and Aloepaticum of each a quarter of an ounce and suffer them to boil up to the thickness of an Ointment after that set them in a close earthen Vessel under ground for the space of four days and when you use it strike over your Metal with a brush or Pencil it being at the same time hot over a pan of Small-coal and it will be of a curious Amber or golden Colour The manner of gilding upon Metals viz. Take Wine-stone Verdigrease and Sal-armoniack seeth them in White-wine with some common Salt strike over the Metal indifferent warm with the liquid part and suffering it to dry a little take Water or Leaf Gold and lay it on which by the Virtue of the washing will stick fast so that with a burnisher of Ivory you may finish it in its proper Luster How to make a water for the gilding Metals Take three pints of Spring water two pound of Roch Alum an ounce of Roman Vitriol and as much Verdigrease and Orpiment boil and deum them and then put in water of Tartar and Bay Salt of each two ounces and when â—he Ingredients are well dissolved and come to a â—hickness strike over your Metal therewith dry â—t against the Fire and burnish it How to gild Iron or Steel with Quick-silver and Gold Foil Take Vitriol and Sal-armoniack of each an ounce and of Alum two ounces beat them fine and boil them to a thickness in fair water add a dram of Verdigrease and half an ounce of Sublimatum and sperce over your Metal with it when having mixed your Gold and Quicksilver together lay them on with a Leather Spatula as smooth and even as may be then suffer the Varnish to take it and burnish it over To make Iron or the like a curious blue or Steel Colour Burnish your Metal to a brightness and take Cows-hools burn them and hold the Metal over the smother or smoak of it and it will answer the end designed c. To make Copper c. a Silver Colour Take Bay-salt Alum and Wine-stone grinâ— them to Powder adding in your grinding some leaves of Silver and put them into an eartheâ— pot close stopped with your Copper amongst it and then taking it out ruâ— it over with some 〈◊〉 the Powder and burnish it A very good way to burnish Iron or other Metals Take of Aloepaticum Citrinum and Amber each an ounce make them into Powder and place them over a gentle Fire in a well glazed pot and when you perceive it melted put to it a quantity of scalding Oil and when the mixture is well made let it cool and so your Metal being glowing hot lay a little piece upon it and rub it over To make a good solder for Iron or any hard Metal being cold Take of Sal-Armoniack two ounces two ounces of common Salt the like quantity of Wine-stone in Powder six ounces of thick ground Glass two ounces of Clock-spike bruise and mingle them wall together and so put them into a linen Cloth and suffer the Cloth to be laid a finger thick with soft Clay encompassing it on the out-side and put them inâ—o a well glazed earthen pot with a lid or cover and put that into another larger not of Earth well covered and suffer 〈◊〉 to stand over a gentle Fire that the heat may eâ—creasie by degrees to all be red hot and râ—â—â— then suffer it to cool and break it small and grind it to Powder Then in case of soldering make your Iron c. fast and the joints close laid lay a paper under them and upon it some of the Powder as also between the Joints then wrap it round with Clay except the upper part which you must leave open to solder at then take the Powder of Burras and put it into Wine or Aqua-vitae and suffer it to dissolve when dipping a feather therein strike over the upper part of the Joints and it will begin to smoak and hiss the which ended you may uncase it and find it perfectly soldered A way to solder warm or rather hot on Iron Steel c. Take Gum-water beat it up with green herbs of any kind till it become a Paste or of that thickness and strike it on your Metal or lay it on the Joint rubbing Soap over at what time heat it and it will prove a good Cement c. To solder on copper c. Take of Copperas an ounce half an ounce of Orpiment or white Arsnick dividing it into two parts and then make your Copperas run with Fire then add one part of the Arsenick or Orpiment and after you have spread it thin on a fine stone add the other part then beat it into Powder and use it as the solder for Iron c. To solder Latten a Metal or mixture of Metals so called Take a File and make the parts to be joined very smooth then put them together and being hot scrape your Powder of Burras and keep it close till cool and the Joints will be fastened or fixed To varnish like Gold on Tin Silver or Copper c. Take an earthen Pot well glazed with a close Lid to shut in and put into it six ounces or half a pint of Lin-seed Oil an Ounce of Aloe-paticum and the same quantity of Mastick make them into a fine Powder
that curious but difficult part of Chyrurgery illustrated with twenty Figures curiously engraved on Copper-Plates 10. The History of the damnable Life and deserved Death of Dr. John Faustus the famous Conjurer of Germany newly Printed from the Correct Copy from Franckfort in Germany 19. The History of Justin Translated out of the Four and Forty Books of Trogus Pompeius Containing the Affairs of all Ages and Countries both in Peace and War from the beginning of the World to the Time of the Roman Emperours now Reprinted with the Life of Justin and the time when he flourished by Gerard John Vossius Englished by Rob. Codrington Master of Arts. PLAYS The Elder Brother The Reformation Pastor fido Flora's Vagaries Mock-Tempest Unfortunate Mother Charles the Eight King of France The Revenge or Match at Newgate Herod and Mariamne Piso's Conspiracy Imperiale Settle's Notes on Dryden's Plays Art's Treasury or a profitable and pleasing Invitation to the Lovers of Ingenuity contained in many extraordinary Experiments Rarieties new and curious Inventions c. PART I. CHAP. I. The Art and Mystery of dying Silks Stuffs cloth feathers c. In the most curious and delightful Colours with the manner of ordering making and preparing them c. SO pleasing to the Eyes of mankind are the various colours that we daily or frequently behold that they in a manner captivate and detain even the fancy it self with Wonder and Delight Wherefore I have thought it highly convenient amongst the many stupendious Secrets and Curiosities this Book contains as well tending to profit as pleasure if duly practised to place the Art of colouring vulgarly called dying in the beginning as an Introduction to the rest it being much wanted and frequently coveted by publick and private Persons to be known and rightly managed Wherefore for its better Improvement take the following Rules and Directions To colour or dye Wool or Woollen Cloth a curious red Take a considerable quantity of Alum and dissolve it in Water wherein bran has been boiled and strained out putting the Cloth Wool or Yarn to steep in it which being well steeped put it into other clear water heating it over a gentle fire putting thereto greening-Weed two pounds to four gallons of water stirring it about but not suffering it to boil add more a handful of unslaked Lime and as much Wood-Ashes stirring about the materials adding yet a like quantity of Lime Ashes and a pound of the Powder of Log-Wood or red-Wood and the like of Braziel and so in three or four hours time a very fair colour to your satisfaction will be taken To dye Linen Thread or Cloth red c. Take a pound of Sam-fleure and suffer it for the space of twenty four hours to soak in two Gallons of water heating over a gentle fire then add half a pound of the powder of Braziel two Ounces of Vermilion and an Ounce of Alum dissolved in a pint of fair water To dye a clear or pleasant light Red. Take Wheat Bran half a Peck two Ounces of Alum and boil them in four gallons of fair water then through a fine hair fieve strain out the liquid part then dissolve in it half a pound of Alum and the like quantiy of white Tartar and put in the Stuff Cloth c. intended for colouring adding three pound of Madder and perfect the colour at a moderate heat without boiling To dye Silk a Sanguine Colour Take a pound of Alum and two pound of Greening weed bruise them well and pour upon them fair water add then half a pound of Ground-Braziel heat them over the Fire and put the silk in some part of the liquid matter suffering it to seeth therein and so renew it with the remainder till you find your Colour take and having so done three times rinse it in Lee of Oak-bark or Wood ashes and afterward in Water To dye a fair Blue Take white Silk Stuff or Cloth that is white and soak it in water then having wrung the water out add two pound of Woold or Woad a pound of Indico and three ounces of Alum and then gently heat and dissolve them in the water and so dip your materials till you perceive the Colour has taken To dye a purple Colour Take the Silk Stuff or Cloth that has already taken a blue and dip it in Braziel and Alum-water at moderate heats and you will soon perceive your Colour answer your Expectation To dye Carnation Take a dry purper and soak it a night in Man's Urine then take your Cloth that has been soaked in Alum-water and dryed again and put it therein suffer the purper before hand to be twice seethed in fair water then set another Vessel by the Fire and suffer the Cloth to take the dye therein To dye a deep red Carnation Take Linen and woollen white Gall and alum it well and take the herb call'd by the Dutch Foli which is to be found on the banks of Ditches to the quantity of a pound well dryed Indian Lake four ounces Spanish red two ounces make of these and Alum-water a hot Liquor and dip your materials therein at gentle heats three or four times and it will afford a curious Colour To dye silk Quoins a curious red Steep first your Silk in Alum-water giving it a gentle heat adding thereto in the heating Bran-water then take a pound and a half of greening weed and so heat it up and put the Silk therein but let it not seeth then take it out and rinse it in Ley and after that in water adding some Powder of Log-wood and so heating it up a second time the business will be perfected To dye a fair yellow Take the Stalks Leaves and Seeds c. of Wood the roots being cut off and lay them in soak in Ley of wood Ashes for the space of three hours after that seeth them till you think they are sufficiently sodden then put them into hot water and Urine and heat them up indifferent different well straining the liquid part through a sieve adding to every two pounds of woad two pounds of Verdigrease with the Ley already sod stirring and well mixing it together in your Liquor for the space of three hours and so dip into it very hot at three or four times what you intend to colour Another way to dye a curious Purple viz. In case it be silk you intend to dye you must to one pound of it take four ounces of Alum and a gallon of water dissolving the Alum therein o'er a gentle Fire putting then the Silk therein and suffering it to lie for the space of four hours then take of Indian Lake and Indico each a quarter of a pound add likewise a quart of Urine and so heat them up into a dye adding more about a handful of Cochinele A curious green water to make Take half an ounce of Verdigrease bruise it well put thereto the yolk of an Egg and a few blades of Saffron then take of the Leaves of Spurge
half a handful bruise them with a quarter of a pint of Vinegar straining the liquid part through a cloth and mingle it with the materials before mentioned so thin that it may take either in dying or painting To make a black water to dye Silk Cloth c. Take half a pound of Nut-galls add to them a pottle of water and an ounce of Lamb-black with a handful of the rust or filings of Iron heat them up adding half a pound of coperas seeth them to a half Consumption adding then a pint of Gum-water and so set it by for your use c. and it will prove excellent good the longer it is kept it being the better To dye Linen or Silk a Rose red Take to every four yards and a half a pound of Nut-galls and seeth them in fair water unbrused for the space of two hours when pouring out the liquid part into another Vessel or Fatt put your Linen c. into it and suffer it to soak for the space of four hours then wring it dry and heat it again in Alum and fair water adding half a pound of Braziel powder and a pound of Greening-weed and so by gentle heats make up your colour to the heighth To dye a fair green Take Bran-water and Alum a Gallon of the former to a pound of the latter and seeth them up till the Alum is dissolved then for about a quarter of an hour let your Silk or Cloth lie therein then take more Bran-water and a few handfuls of woad and put it therein till it become a dark yellow then add Verdigrease and Indico of each half a pound or more or less of the one or the other as you would have it lighter or darker To dye a good black Take two pounds of Galls and half a pound of Coperas seeth them in water over a gentle Fire putting your Silk Stuff or Cloth therein and stirring it about then hang it to dry and prepare your dye in this manner viz. Take a large Fatt and put therein three or four handfuls of Rye Meal and half so much of swarf of the Grind-stone or Smiths water with two handfulls of elder bark and the like quantity of the rust of Iron and having suffered it to stand for the space of three days heat it up and put your materials therein c. To make a thick water to work on yellow Silk the best way Take two quarts of the best Varnish add to it an ounce of the Flower of Sulphur half an ounce of Camphire then seeth it a while and suffer it to cool straining it through a Cloth to take away the grosser part and when you use it let it be mixed with a small quantity of Gum-Arabick water To make a curious red Water Take two quarts of fair water four ounces of Gum-Arabick a pound of faucet Woad seeth them together till half be consumed and then taking it off put into the remainder half an ounce of Spanish green and about thirty grains of Cochinele and so use it as you see convenient To make a curious blue Water for Silks Stuffs or Woollen Take three parts of Soap boilers Ashes and one part of unquenched Lime make of them a Ley and suffer it well to settle then add to the thinner part taken off a pound of Boloemen stirring them well together over a gentle fire adding a pound of Woad and half a pound of Indico dipping what you intend to colour therein when it is very hot To work on yellow Silk white grey or Azure Colour Take a pottle of fair water and a fourth part of Gum-Arabick and half a pottle of faucet Woad an ounce of Arshick and the like quantity of Turmerick ground small and seeth them over a gentle Fire putting a small quantity of Grains therein and so apply it to your use as you see convenient To make a red Water for white Silk or Wool green yellow Violet or Azure Take two quarts of running water and an ounce of Braziel heat them up till half be conlumed then take it off the Fire and put in an ounce of Grains and a quarter of an ounce of Gum Arabick with a quarter of a pound of Alum Powder and suffering it to stand all night in the Morning you may use it To make grey Florey Take Florey and soak it twenty four hours at the end of which wring it through a Cloth then take the Ashes of the Vine and make a Ley with them and spread the Florey for the space of two hours upon a Table and having put the Ley into three Vessels take the Florey and put it into one of the said Vessels and so shift it to the rest putting before you dip your Linen c. Vinegar to it and your Colour will be good To dye Linen with Crampmede Use in this a pound of Crampmede to three Ells of Linen and put it to a gallon and a half of water or so proportionable to the quantity and warm it over the Fire till it appears ready to seeth then add to it two ounces of Galls and so put your Linen into it and as often as you take it out which must be frequent wring it when having a pot of fair water ready heated with Alum dissolved in it put the Linen well wrung into it and so rub it over at the taking out and dry it but if you would have it the darker Colour then is it requisite to have a Ley made with Lime-Stones or unslaked Chalk c. To dye Velvet or other things requiring it the most curious of Blacks Take of Galls two pound Coperas half a pound Smiths water a Gâ—llon the powder of burnt Ivory an ounce and of Oak bark and Shooe-makers black ground to powder the like quantity and two gallons of fair water mix them well together and suffer them to stand in the Sun or some other warm place for the space of thirty days with often stirring about then put your materials therein and as often as you diâ— hang them to dry and your expectation will be answered To make Bran water much used in dying c. Take half a peck of Wheat Bran and two gallons of fair water set them on the Fire giving them a gentle heat which being done put half a pound of Alum powder into it and suffer it to stand a week or more with sometimes stirring it about before you use it To dye Wooll or woollen Yarn Take four pound of Wooll or yarn two pound of Woad putting the Woad into a Kettle to two gallons of water then throw in two handfuls of Wood-Ashes and when it seetheth put your Wool or Yarn into it and let it remain there about half an hour at what time take it out and wring it and put it in again and let it seeth as long as before and then if it be before a brown blue it will be a dark green or if it was white it will be a yellowish colour And thus much
at present in relation to Colours for dying Silks cloth c. CHAP. II. The most curious Art and Method of colouring Skins or any peices or parcels of Leather or Bristles as also of gilding Leather with Gold laying with Silver or Lacquering c. To colour Skins green TAke the Leaves of Night-shade bruise them in a Mortar strain out the juice and dissolve in a pint two ounces of Alum add half an ounce of Verdigrease and heat them gently over the Fire and then suffering it to stand for twenty four hours strike over the Skin with it warm and suffering it to dry do it again till it has taken the Colour which will be very lively To colour black Leather after the Order in Germany c. Take of the Bark of Elder two pounds of the filings or rust of Iron the like quantity put to them two Gallons of Rain-water and stop them up close in a Cask or other Vessel and so suffer them to stand for the space of two Months then put to the liquid part a pound of Nut-galls beaten to Powder and a quarter of a pound of Coperas heating them over the Fire and suffering them to stand twenty four hours after and so use them with a brush till the Skin has taken an excellent black To colour white Leather the best way Having hung your Skins in Chalk or Lime-water till they are grown supple that the Hair or Wool may be stripp'd off stretch them on Tenters or by Lines and smooth them over then take your colouring mixed according to the Purport of what you intend they shall take and having first brushed them over with alum-Alum-water very warm give them the Tincture and dry them in the Sun or in some warm house and they will be useful on sundry occasions without any further trouble To make white Leather blue Take the Berries of Elder a quart strain out the juice and boil it with an ounce of the powder of Alum and half an ounce of Indico or smalt blue and brush over the Leather with a fine brush dipped therein three or four times suffering it to dry between whiles and the business will be effected To colour Leather a fair Red. Having rubbed your Leather well with alum-Alum-water or alumed it take stale Urine seeth it and scum it till half be wasted put then to it an ounce of the finest Lake with the like quantity of Braziel in Powder an ounce of Alum and half an ounce of Sal-armoniac mix them well and keep them stirring over a gentle Fire about two hours and so use the liquid part and your expectation will be answered To colour your Leather a curious French yellow Take one part of Chalk and another of Wood-Ashes and make thereof a good Ley then strain out the fine or Liquid matter put it into a Vessel over the Fire and put into it Turmerick in Powder and a little quantity of Saffron and so suffer it to simper till it becomes pretty thick then set it to cooling and as you have occasion use it as before mentioned To colour Spanish Leather c. Take that which the Dutch call Pomplemelch warm it and rub the Leather therewith then take of Venis tot Appelen and having beaten it small put a considerable quantity of fair water to it and let it soften over a gentle Fire then press out the water and so in the liquid part rub or wash the Skin doing it so often and after that take Shooe makers black the sinest and rub over the Skin with it having in the wetting added to it a little Vitriol or Coperas and suffering it to dry take Goose or Hogs-grease in a Woollen Cloth and rub the Skin over for a good space where there is a good Fire to supple it in and then rub it over with your hands till it disappear or instead of Grease Line-seed or train Oil may be used and so in case of any other Colour according as the Colours are designed To dye Bristles a câ—rious râ—d for Brâ—shes Take an ounce of Braziel-Wood in Powder half an ounce of Alum a quarter of an ounce of Vermilion and a pint of Vinegar boil them up to a moderate thickness and dip the Bristles in when it is very hot suffering them to continue or sometime in the Liquor and they will be of a curious Red. To dye Bristles or Feathers a curious green c. Take of Verdigrease an ounce Verditur the like quantity gum-Gum-water a pint mix them well together and dip the Bristles or Feathers they having been first soaked in hot water into the said mixture To dye Bristles or Feathers blue Take an ounce of Indico as much of Bisse as much Alum as a Hazle-nut put them into Gum water and dip the materials into it hot hang them up to dry and clap them well that they may open And so changing the Colours you may in this manner dye the aforesaid materials of any Colour as for black use Log-wood and Galls for Purple Lake and Indico for Carnation Vermilion and Smalt for yellow yellow Berries and Saffion with a little Tartar mingled or dissolved in your Gum-water To dye Ivory Bone or Hern a curious red Take the materials and soften them in water wherein Tartar has been dissolved then take Vermilion and Braziel temper them well in water boil them up in a Liquor and put your Horn Ivory or Bone into it and suffer either of them to be there it being hot for a convenient time and taking them instantly out cast them into cold alum-Alum-water and if they have not taken the Tincture at first use them in the like manner a second time and so proportioning the Colours you may in this manner proceed to make them take what Colour you please To marble Books or Paper the best way Take four ounces of Gum-Arabick dissolve it in two quarts of fair water then provide several Colours mixed with water in pots or shells and with peculiar pencils to every Colour sprinkle them by way of inter-mixture upon the Gum-water which must be in a Trough or some broad Vessel then with a stick curl them and draw them out in streaks to as much variety as may be which done hold your Book or Books close together and only dip the Edges in on the top of the water and Colours very lightly which done take them off and the plain Impression of the Colours in mixture will be upon the Leaves doing as well the ends as the Front of the Book in like manner and in this case you may do paper by dipping it on the flat as also Linen Cloth c. To dye or colour Horse hair or any hair c. Steep the water wherein a small quantity of Turpentine has been boiled for the space of two hours then having prepared your Colours very hot boil the Hair therein and any Colour black excepted will take but that will only take a dark red or dark blue c. And after this manner
with Colours cold or but like-warm you may dye the feathers upon the backs of Poultry wild fowl hair on Dogs Horses or the like in as much varieties as your Fancy can suggest Another fair red for Skins c. Wet your Skins or Fells in Alum water in which has been dissolved a like quantity of Salt with half as much Lime when being again stretched and dryed take the last of Brewers drink a quart put into it an ounce of Braziel powder a quarter of an ounce of Vermilion and an ounce of Alum-powder thicken them over a gentle Fire by continual stirring and so with a brush or Cloth rub over the Skins at an evenness not laying it thicker on one place than another and so do three times successively suffering them only to dry the mean while and your expectation will be answered To dye Skins a crimson Colour c. Scrape hard soap three ounces and dissolve it in fair water add to that three ounces of Alum boil â—hem over a gentle Fire till the water grow clammy or a little inclining to thickish then put in a few grains of Cochinele half an ounce of Lake two ounces of red lead and a quarter of an ounce of Vermilion and a small piece of Indico mix them well by stirring together and keep them upon a gentle Fire till they are about the thickness of the white of an Egg then having first rubbed your Skin over with alum-Alum-water and suffered it to dry apply this colour as has been directed in the former To colour Skins a light blue or Turkey Colour Take Smalt two ounces red wine a quarter of a pint Alum two ounces Vinegar half a Pint and white starch half an ounce put them over a gentle Fire not suffering them to become over thick and then soaking the Skins with Alum-water and suffering them to dry as usually add to this colouring half a pint of Gum-water tolerably thick and lay it on glazing it over when dry with a polisher To colour a light green Take the Herb called Horse Tail bruise it and add to the juice a small quantity of Verd-grease Alum and Coperas and over a gentle Fire make it into a colour which will prove very pleasant and delightful To dress or cover Leather with Silver or Gold. Take that which is called brown red and grind or move it on a stone with a muller adding water and chalk the latter being dissolved and with it rub or lightly dawb the Skins over till they look a little whitish and then before they are quite dry lay on your Leaf-Silver or Gold placing the Leaves a little over each other that no Intermission be found and when they have well closed with the Leather and are sufficiently dried on rub them over with a polisher made of smooth Ivory or of a Horses Fore-tooth and you will perceive it very splendid Another way of gilding Leather more lasting than the former viz. Take Gleer made or consisting of the whites of Eggs or you may for want of the former make Gum-water and with a brush run over the Leather with either of them which done lay on your Gold or Silver and burnish it over as the former To make Leather shine without any Gold c. Take whites of Eggs Gum-water and powder of Antimony mix them well together by beating and having your Skins well dried lay the mixture on them and do it often till the Leather be quite hid which done let the mixtures dry and then burnish them over and for want of Antimony you may use black Lead CHAP. III. How to recover faded Colours in Cloth or Silk to take Spots Stains Pitch Tar Rosin Grease Wax Oil c. out of Silks Stuffs Woollen or Linen to preserve them from Damage of Worms Moths c. and other matters c. To make Cloth that has lost its Colour recover it and look fresh and bright TAke of unquenched Lime two ounces of the Ashes of the Bark of Oak the like quantity and put them into a quart of fair water mixing them well and suffering a settlement for the space of an hour drawing off the clear part and therewith wash or carry over with a hard brush the Cloth and by twice or thrice carrying it over it will look fair and bright To wash Scarlet that is soiled or greasie Take two ounces of white Tartar beat it finely and heat it over a Fire in a pint of fair water till it be thoroughly dissolved and very hot then suffering it to cool a little take an indifferent hard brush and dip into it rubbing it â—ightly over with the same and by so doing in a short time it will return to its first Estate and Colour To restore Silks of any Colour in the like nature as the former Take an ounce of unslaked Lime and the like quantity of the Ashes of Vine Branches and as much of Oak-Bark mix them well together in fair water and make a kind of a Ley with them over a gentle Fire which being setled take the clear part and with a brush or spunge rub over the faded part and it will in a short time restore it To make a Soap to take Grease Spots or Stains out of Cloth Stuffs Silks c. Take a pound of Roch-Alum burn it well and beat it into Powder add to it the powder of the roots of Florence-flame an herb so called about half a pound and to these add a new laid Egg and two pound and a half of Cake Soap make them up with fair water into round balls and when you are desirous to take out any Spot or Stain wash well the place first with warm water and then lay a laying of this Soap upon it for three or four hours and then wash it off with other warm water and in often so doing they will disappear An other excellent and approved way Take Wood Sorrel and distil it in an Alimbeck with Fumitory and wash the damaged place therewith and it will in frequently so doing restore it A way to take Spots out of Linen or Woolen if coloured Take of the juice of a Limon two spoonfulls one Spoon full of the Juice of an Onion and warm them over the Fire and with them often wash the Spots and they will no more appear How to make a good Ley to take out Spots and Stains viz Put into three pints of Water half a pound of Soap-boilers Ashes and suffer them with daily stirring to remain in it for the space of four days then pour off the clear water then mix it as you see convenient with Fullers Earth and lay it hot on the place and it will with often using effect your desire A very good way to take Spots of Oil out of Cloth. Take Oil of Tartar and mixing it with the powder of a burnt bone apply it to the spot and hold over or upon it a spoon wherein is a live coal and the heat thereof will attract the grease and render
Ingredients in Vinegar and Water but the Ink will not prove as the former To make red Ink. Take the Powder of Braziel an ounce white Lead and Alum of each two drams Gum arabick a dram put these into a pint of Urine and stopped close in a bottle and often shake them together and the business will be effected Another way for red Ink. Take of Gum arabick half an ounce Vermilion an ounce and a half Lake a quarter of an ounce and Vinegar indifferent strong a quart mix them well together over a gentle Fire and then suffer them to stand a while shaking the Vessel when you come to use it To make white Ink to write on Black Paper or the like As in case of Consolatory Letters to those whose Friends are deceased Take an ounce of chalk as much Quick-lime and a quarter of an ounce of Egg-shell with half an ounce of burnt Ising-glass grind them well together and put them into Gum water of any kind to a thickness of writing and the Ink by Candle-light especially will appear like Silver To make Ink for the conveniency of Carriage in Powder c. Take Lamp-black half an ounce the Powder of Galls an ounce Vitriol or Copper as half an ounce Gum-arabick a quarter of an ounce Ivory black a quarter of an ounce make them into balls with water adding if they stick not well together more Gum and when you have occasion to use it scrape a little into a small quantity of Wine Water and Vinegar and stir it about and it will be exceeding black Ink immediately and so you may be always provided with it without fear of spilling or want of it in places of travelling where there is none to be had and instead of Lamp-black you may use burnt Cherry-stones ground to Powder To make a red Ink to carry to any Place as the former Take the Powder of Braziel finely ground or heaten one ounce mix with it the juice of Mulberries or Black berries or for want of them water wherein a little Lake has been dissolved add Gum-arabick half an ounce to two ounces of the Powder wet them to a thickness and making them up in Balls use them as the former To make green Ink. Take the filing of Copper an ounce Verditer half an ounce Gâ—m-arabick half an ounce and Vinegar half a pint put them together in a stove or warm Oven and suffer them to stand three or four days then stir them together and use the liquid part To make Ink that will make an Impression as that of Printers c. Take of Lamp black an ounce or for want of it Shooe-makers black half an ounce of Vitriol an ounce of fine ground Char-coal to these add a quart of Line-seed Oil boil them up with stirring over a gentle Fire till they become of a sufficient thickness then take out the substance and move it upon a stone or on an Ink-block with your Muller till it is very fine and so it will take the Impression as of Letters c. in the nature of Prints or Pictures c. Red Ink of the foregoing kind Is made with Vermilion and Line-seed Oil well tempered upon a stone with a Muller To write Letters invisible but by Fire You must take the Juice of Limon and Onion temper them well together and let your Paper be very dry then write what you think convenient and send it to the Party you design who knowing the Mystery before-hand shall no sooner hold it to the Fire but those Letters which were blank before will fairly appear To make Letters appear by water Take welld ried Paper and having dissolved a quantity of Alum in Gum-water write thereon and suffering the writing to dry dip the whole Paper under water and the Letters will appear so much whiter than the rest that they may be plainly distinguished and read To make Letters that cannot be seen or read but by reading them through the Paper c. Take white Lead finely ground with very weak Gum-water and with it as thin as the temperature of Ink write upon exceeding white Paper not very thick and by that means when it is dry it cannot be discerned from the Paper but by looking at a light placed on the other side of the Paper and then the Letters will plainly appear by denying your Eyes to penetrate them though the Paper be transparent CHAP. V. Directions for cleansing colouring Gloves and perfuming them the way to scour Ribbands without much impairing the Colour the Method of washing starching c. Silks as Lute-string Lawns Tiffanies Sarcenets c. with other matters of Curiosity Foul Gloves to cleanse without wetting TAke your Gloves and lay them upon a clean board and make a mixture of Fulling-earth and Powder of Alum very dry and pass them over on every side with an indifferent stiff brush then sweep of that and sprinkle them with dried bran and whiting a considerable time and so dust them well the which if they be not extraordinary greasie will render them clean as at first but if they be greasy you must take out the grease with crumbs of toasted bread and powder of burnt bone then pass them over with a woollen cloth dipp'd in Fulling earth or Alum-powder and so you may cleanse them without wetting which many times shrinks and spoils them To colour Gloves Take your Colours suitable to your intention if dark take Spanish brown and black Earth if lighter yellow Oker and whiting and so of the rest mix them with a moderate size and daub the Gloves over with the Colour wet and so suffer them to hang till they dry by degrees then beat out the superfluity of the Colour and smooth them over with a stretching or sleeking stick reducing them to their proper shape To make an excellent Perfume for Gloves Take Amber-grease a dram Civet the like quantity Orange flower-Butter a quarter of an ounce and with these well mixed and ordered daub them over gently with fine Cotton-wool and so press the Perfume into them Another good Persume on the like Occasion Take of Damask or Rose-scent half an ounce the Spirit of Cloves and Mace of each a dram Frankincense a quarter of an ounce mix them together and lay them in Papers between your Gloves and being hard pressed the Gloves will take the scent in twenty four hours and hardly lose it afterward To cleanse cast Bibbands c. Take your Ribbands and smooth them out having sprinkled them a little before with fair water then lay them on a Carpet or clean Cloth at full breadth and having made a thin Ladder of Casteel soap go over them gently with a brush or fine woollen Cloth then having in readiness water wherein a little Alum and white Tartar has been dissolved go over them till you see them clean and so they will not only be clean but the Colour will be fixed from further fading if you suffer them to dry in the shade and then smooth
BRuise to Powder a handful of Galls half an ounce of Vitriol and the like quantity of Gum-Arabick and Gum-Sandrick mingle them finely sisted together and when you have occasion to write rub over your Paper with a little of it laid upon Cotton-Wool and then having sufficiently smoothed it take water and write upon the said Paper when suffering it to dry it will take a black impression occasioned by the Powder as if it had been written with Ink. Another curious Powder Ink fit for Travellers c. or the London Powder-Ink Take ten ounces of Nut-Galls bruise them well three ounces of Roman Vitriol Gum-Arabick and Roch-Alum of each an ounce make them into fine powder sift and dry them at which time put the Powder up in close Boxes or Papers and when you have occasion to use it put a little quantity into a good quantity of water and shake it well about and it will instantly change the colour of the water and at length become good Ink that is in less than two hours space by which means any person without giving himself considerable trouble of carriage may be furnished at all times Another curious Powder of the like efficacy how to make and lately known by the white Powder-Ink so much coveted of late c. Take Gum-Sandâ—ick two ounces beat it well to Powder and sift it through a fine sieve and as much of Chalcanthâ— so called by the Latins of which you may furnish your self at the Druggists mix them well beaten and pulverized and a quarter of an ounce of this or little more will turn a pint of Water or Vinegar into a curious writing Ink in a very short time Mathoilus 's Direction for making a curious and lasting Ink c. Take five ounces of Galls well bruised Roman Vitriol three ounces Gum-Arabick two ounces Bay-falt a drachm or instead of it a quantity of Alum mix them well together in a new glaz'd earthen pot and pour upon the mixture White-wine very strong and hot about five pints and suffer it the weather being hot to stand in the Sun for the space of fisteen days or it may be done in a stove Oven or in the Chimney-corner frequently stirring it about and so pouring out the dross an excellent Ink will be had not subject to change by time nor alter its colour Two excellent ways of speedily making Ink c. 1. Take Vitriol and Gum-Arabick of each an ounce of Galls well broken a like quantity of sharp Wine or Wine-Vinegar ten ounces and suffer them to stand together for an hour sometimes shaking them they will turn the liquid part exceeding black and render it fit for your use 2. Take of Galls half an ounce well bruised mingle with it a like quantity of Gum Arabick and of Roman Vitriol eight drachms put these into eight ounces of White wine pretty hot and in as short a time as the former a perfect Ink will be made How to make a Black that will not only serve for Ingrossing but Painting c. Take Copperas half an ounce bruised Galls an ounce Lamp-black an ounce Gum-Arabick half in ounce mix them with a pint of Wine or Vinegar set them over a gentle fire and suffer them to simper till a half part be consumed and what remains will render an excellent thick and black Ink. The famous George Machijus 's Receipt for curious Writing-Ink c. Take of Galls three ounces Râ—man Vitriol two ounces Gum-Arabick half an ounce and having well bruised them infuse the Galls in two quarts of White wine for the space of eight days stirring them well about each day and three days after the putting in the Galls put the Gum in dissolved in a little Wine by it self before it be put in three days after the Galls and the Vitriol as long after that stirring them at sundry times and at the termination of eight days the Ink will come to a full and curious perfection To make a kind of Ink to write obscurely and not to be read unless the Paper whereon the Writing is be held to the Fire Take that which is vulgarly called Sal-Armoniack and Nitre of each half an ounce mingle them with the Juice of Limon over a gentle fire and having refined the liquid part from the dross use it when cold and so holding the Paper when it is written on to the fire the Letters will fairly appear or otherwise it will not c. To take away spots or defects out of Writing either on Paper or Parchment Take Roch-Alum burnt half an ounce as much of the Flour of Brimstone and being finely in Powder wet the Paper a little and put a small quantity of the Powder upon the place rubbing it gently with your finger and the Maculation will disappear And thus much for the Treating of Inks c. wonderful necessary and useful on all occasions and profitable to those that will undertake to make them for Sale. CHAP. IX The Art of making Washes and other Beautifying Materials for taking away Sun-burn Morphew Freckles Roughness of the Skin and restoring a curious Complexion as also Whitening the Teeth Enlivening the Eyes Curling and Colouring the Hair c. A Water to restore a faded Complexion TAke the Flowers of Rosemary Comfrey and Cammomile boil them in White-wine and wash your face and hands therewith mornning and evening To create a very fair Complexion Take two ounces of white Tartar burn or calcine it then quench it in the destilled Water of Roses and wash the face with it To render a fresh and comely Complexion Take an ounce of the Oyl of Sweet Almonds the like quantity of the Oyl of Myrrh bruise in them of the Powder of Gum-Sandrick a grain and with the whole mixture rub and anoint the face To render the Skin clear and of a very fair Complexion Take Bean blossoms and the Water that destilis from the Vine with the Flowers of Fumitory distill them and make a Wash with what proceeds there-from To make the Skin smonth and shining Take of the Marrow of Swines-feet an ounce Oyl of Nutmegs a quarter of an ounce Dears suet half an ounce Oyl of Bay berries two ounces make them into an Oyntment over a gentle fire and anoint the face hands or any part of the body therewith To remove Freckles Tan or Sun-burn Take the Juice of Burdock leaves and Limons of each a like quantity mix them together and add half as much Oyl of Chammomile a little Rye-meal and the Gall of a Cock or Capon make them into an Ointment and anoint the place therewith and in a short time the defect will be removed To remove Pimples or Redness Take an Egg and roast it hard then take out the Yolk at the top and fill it with Copperas and put it close covered in the Embers till the Copperas is melted or become water then pour out the water and bath the face with it but if it be too sharp you may allay it with
the water or juice of Celandine and in often using it your Expectations will be answered To remove the Redness in a face c. occasioned by Scalding Blasting c. Take a handful of the Bark of Elder as much Rue and the roots of Scabeous with an ounce of the Flowers of Chammomile bruise them together and boyl them in a pint of Milk half a pint of Olive-Oyl and adding a quarter of a pint of Verjuice till the liquid part become thick as an Oyntment and then strein it out which being cooled anoint the place therewith morning and evening To take away unseemly Warts or Moles not too deep impressed Take Rhubarb a drachm Camphora the like quantity the Oyl of Petrolium half as much and an ounce of the juice of Housleek bruise and beat these in a quarter of a pint of Vinegar over a gentle fire and anoint the place or part therewith and in often so doing you will find your desire effected To make a swarthy Complexion fair and clear Take the Liver of a Goat dry it to powder in a Stove or Oven then steep the Powder in White-wine adding a quarter of a pint of the Juice of Celandine an ounce of Coriander-seeds and as much of Fennel decoct or boyl them over a gentle fire and with the liquid part anoint or bathe the face c. and so continue to do often and it will remove the cholerick humour occasioning swarthiness To brighten and enliven the Eyes Take Vervein Pelitory of the Wall Smalage and Betony with the Flowers of Eye-bright destil them and wash the Eyes with the water morning and evening and it will not only render them bright and clear but give a true prospect and dimension to the decayed sight To make bloom-Bloom-water an excellent Beautifier upon all occasions Take the Blossoms of Peaches Baum Lavender Cotton and Rosemary steep them in White-wine and destil them and the Water will prove an excellent Beautifier To make an excellent Pomatum for the hands and face Take Sheeps marrow an ounce Oyl of Sweet Almonds the like quantity the Juyce of Smalage a quarter of a pint Bean flour half an ounce make them up into an Oyntment and anoint the hands and face warm therewith and it will make them plump soft and free them from cracks chops or roughness An excellent Paste for the Hands Take the Flour of sweet Almonds an ounce Rye-meal two ounces white Starch an ounce and Milk half a pint with which make these before-mentioned into a Paste and that Paste into Balls for your use To soften the Skin and render it fresh an Oyl c. Take of the Oyl of Nutmegs an ounce Ambergrease a drachm Oyl of Chammomile an ounce the Juice of Comfrey half a quarter of a pint make them into an Oyl or Oyntment over a gentle fire and supple them into the Skin very hot and in often so doing it will wonderfully beautifie and cause an excellent flavour c. An excellent way to sweeten the Breath Take Sal Armoniack a drachm beaten Ginger two drachms the Spirit of Cloves a drachm Coriander-seeds in fine powder a quarter of an ounce Oyl of Mastick a drachm bruise them together and make them up into a Ball and each morning scrape about the quantity of a large pea into a glass of Wine or Beer and drink it off To make Hair grow Take of the powder of Bithwort-roots a drachm of the Juice of Fennel half an ounce Ivy-berries dried and beaten into powder an ounce the Juice of Housleek half a quarter of a pint and of White-wine a pint boyl these over a gentle fire to a half consumption of the liquid part and wash the place deficient and in a short time if that part be subject to Hair it will cause it to grow and increase To take away Hair. Take the Juyce of Hellebore or Bears-foot half an ounce as much of that of Burdock roots and the roots of Cuckowpintles and anoint the place with it warm and by often so doing the Hair will fall off To make any coloured Hair black or of a dark Colour Take burnt Ivory ground to powder a quarter of an ounce Soulters Ink the like quantity the Juyce of Hemlock a quarter of a pint incorporate them over a gentle fire till the moisture be near consumed then add Black lead powder to dry up the rest and with this rub your Hair or powder it and it will be a curious black as likewise lasting if before you wash your head with White-wine wherein Plantane-roots have been sod To make Hair Curl Take the Powder of Elecampane-roots well dryed and as much of Alum in fine Powder wet your Hair a little with water wherein Raisins have been steeped and so sprinkle on the Powder with a fine Sprinkler that it may be all over then with a pair of Curling-Irons somewhat hot turn it up in ringlets under a Cap c. and so let it dry as likewise continue for the space of a night and next morning comb it out and thâ— Powder that remains will not only fly away bâ—â— the Hair will fall into curious Curls and so continue without any further trouble for a very long time A way speedily to take away the Spots occasioned by the Small-Pox Take half an ounce of Copperas and dissolve it in the Juyce of Limons and anoint the Spots with it when warm and their redness will soon disappear To prevent Pittings When the Distemper begins to appear rub the face over gently with Honey Oyl of Roses and a little Alum dissolved and well mixed together over a moderate fire and in so doing every other day the pits will be prevented if the Party uses no violence to himself by scratching c. To whiten Teeth Take a piece of fine Pumice-stone grind it to powder adding to that powder a little quantity of Alum-powder and by often rubbing the Teeth with it they will if sound be as white as Ivory CHAP. X. Miscellany of rare and curious Secrets not yet toucht upon How to separate Gold and Silver from other Metals TAke Mercury and put it in a Melting or Refining-pot on the fire adding some Varnish-Glass beaten to powder and being finely mixed lay it in powder upon the Metal that is gilded with Gold or Silver and set some hot coals under it and it will take off the gilding and render the Metal as if it had never been gilt and in this case you may save the Gold and Silver if of value by putting to it Quicksilver which will attract it into a body To kill or allay Mercury or Quicksilver Put which of these you design in a Mortar of Iron or Brass adding some Olive-Oyl mix them together as well as may be over a gentle fire adding more when it begins to bubble strong Wine-vinegar and in so using the aforesaid Materials they will become so hard as easily to endure the Hammer To boyl Gold and Silver in the way of Cleansing Take Tartar
the spot invisible To take Pitch Tar Rosâ—n or Bees wax out of any Stuff Silk or Cloth. Take Oil of Turpentine warm it a little and apply it to the place suffering it to soak in for the space of an hour and then gently rub it and you will perceive the Rosin c. losened and instantly to crumble away A Soap water to take out any manner of spots how to make it Boil Straw-berries or the Leaves thereof in a quart of fair water and a pint of Vinegar then add two pounds of Casteel Soap and half a pound of Chalk finely scraped boil them till the moisture is consumed and when you have Occasion wet the place with sharp Vinegar and rub it over with this Soap drying it afterward against a Fire or in the Sun. A speedy way to take all manner of Spots or Stains out of Scarlet or out of Velvet of what Colour soever not changing it Take Soap-wort an herb so called strain out the Juice it being bruised add to the Juice a small quantity of black Soap if the Scarlet be â—â—t dyed in clear grain and these being made â—â—in wash the place with the liquid part sufâ—â—ring it to dry between whiles and by this means in a day or two you will perceive the Spots to disappear To take Iron Moulds or Stains out of Linen Take the Juice of a Limon warm it with a little Powder of Alum dissolved in it wet it and as it is wet dry it with a spoon wherein is a live coal and so continue to do for the space of two hours and the Spot or Iron-mould in a washing or two will disappear This likewise will take out Spots of Ink c. To take out oily Spots out of parchment or oily Paper the manner Take the Powder of burnt Bone finely fifted â—nd place between two boards pressing it hard â—ome of the powder on either side the Spot and â—n two days it will be quite vanished An excellent way to take Spots or Stains out of Linen viz. Take fair water and dissolve it in Bay-salt â—nd steep the Linen therein then take juice of â—â—rrel and sharp Vinegar and â—ub the Spot with them suffering it likewise to soak in and in so often doing it will disappear To take away Ink-Stains Stains with Fruit c. Take the powder of Alum half an ounce the juice of Housleek or Sengreen two ounces and apply them the Alum being dissolved very hot and the business will be effected Instructions how to keep Silks from staining in the washing Heat rain-water and when it is very hot put into it casteel Soap dissolve it well then suffer it to be almost cold after which sprinkle in a small quantity of fulling Earth and so scowre out your Silks then suffer them not to lie on heaps but spread them and clap them between clean dry Cloaths and they will be fresh and fair Directions to keep Linen layed up without using from Damage for many Years Having washed and well dried your Lineâ— the Sun fold it up and scatter in the foldinâ— the Powder of Cedar wood or Cedar smaâ—â— ground having first perfumed your Chest wiâ—â— storax by which means not only dampness 〈◊〉 prevented but Worms or Moths c. Further Directions to keep Woollen or Linen sweet and pleasant as likewise from being damaged by Moths Worms c. Take Orange Peels dry them in an Oven and beat them to Powder add to that Powder of Elicampane roots the Powder of Arras and that of Juniper and air your Cloaths when you lay them up over a Fire wherein Bay-leaves are cast and burnt A pleasant water to preserve Linen or any other thing a long time gâ—ving it moreover a curious scent Take of Spike flowers two pound Costmary one pound Balm an handful penny-royal as much Mace two ounces Arras Powder an ounce soak these in White-wine and distil them and sprinkle your Cloaths in a fair day suffering them afterward to dry and then lay them up A good way to wash any Linen or Woollen inter woven with Gold or Silver and not to impair it Dip the part you design to favour in Urine and Alum and suffer it well to be soaked then soap the rest but not that place and having washed it hang it to dry in the shade and your expectation will be answered To remove stains occasioned by Wine or Vinegar Take new Milk and steep the thing stained therein a night then take Runnet and apply to the Stain rubbing it in and by so doing twice or thrice you will find it fair as at first To make Linen that is turned yellow very white Heat Milk over the Fire and add to a Gallon a pound of Cake soap scraped in so that it may dissolve and when the Cloaths have boiled therein take them out and clap them into a Lather of hot water and wash them out speedily To whiten Cloth the best way Take your Cloth and buck it well then spread it upon the Grass and sprinkle it with Alum-water suffering it to continue abroad for three or four days then buck it again with Soap and fullers Earth and use it as before and so it will be both thick and white CHAP. IV. Directions to scowre Silver and gold Lace make Plate bright and look like new take Spots and Stains out of it to diaper Linen whiten Ivory make Cement for broken Glasses c. Perfumes of divers kinds Musk-balls and many other things and matters c. To scowre Silver and Gold Lace and to restore it to its first Lustre as also Imboss or Imbroidâ—ry TAke the Lace and lay it as smooth as may be upon a dry Woollen Cloth then burn Alum and beat it to Powder sifting it afterward through a very fine fieve then with a brush rub it gently over the Lace and by so doing and often turning it the business will come to Perfection And thus To scowre and take Stains out of any Silver Plate c. Steep you Plate in Soap-leys for the space of four hours then run it over with whiting wet with Vinegar so that it may stick thick upon it and dry it by a Fire after which rub off the whiting and pass it over with dry bran and the Spots will not only disappear but it will look exceeding bright To boil up Plate that it may look like new Take of unslaked Lime a pound of Alum the like quantity Aqua vitae and Vinegar of each a pint and of Beer grounds two quarts boil the Pâ—ate in these and they will set a curious gloss upon it To make any Linen at the first appearance look like Diaper Take it when new washed spread it upon a Table somewhat damp and sprinkle it over with a brush dipped in Alum and Rose-water in form and manner as best shall suit with your fancy To whiten any piece of Ivory that is turned yellow as also Bone c. Take a pound of Quick-lime beat small and place it
washed are Bise-smak Cedar Ultramarine Masticote and red Lead The Sap-green is only to be steeped and the rest I have meationed are to be washed and ground To wash Colours you must put a quantity of the Colour intended into a clean earthen dish and pour water thereto very clear stirring the Colour and water together suffering it to stand a while and perceiving the grease or scum to rise take it off and pour out that water putting other water to the Colour c. and so do till the water become clear and the Colour at the bottom remain fine then pour away the water gently and you will find the Colour sticking about the sides and edges of the dish as also at the bottom and if it so happen that you can get an ounce of pure Colour out of a pound tho the rest is serviceable for many uses it is sufficient In steeping Sap-Green you must put it only into fair water adding a fourth part of Alum-powder to raise the Colour and at the end of twenty four hours it will be a curious green As for the Colours that are to be washed and ground take a small quantity of either and put it into a clean shell adding a drop or two of Gum-water and work it about the sides of the shell with your finger suffering it there to stick till it is dry then draw over it your Finger and if any come off then you must add more Gum-water but being dry if it glitter or shine it is a token there is too much Gum in it which you must remedy by tempering it up with fair water only There are some Colours as Umber and Lake which parch and crack when they are dry and therefore to bind them you must temper them with fine Sugar-Candy dissolved in fair water and so you must do by other hard Colours subject to this defect To burn the Colour thereto appropriated put them into a crucible cover it with a Lid of Clay and set it on a hot fire and suffer it to be red hot and when the Colour is cold you may wash or grind it as the Nature requires but do neither before they be throughly burnt To grind the Colours I have directed so to be used take a quantity of any of them cleansed from dirt and filth and laying it upon your stone bruise it a little with your Muller and then with fair water grind it till the Colour be very fine then have in readiness a large chalk stone with troughs or furrows in it and pour your Colour into it and there suffer it to remain till it be well dry at what time take it out and reserve it in Papers or Boxes for your use Of these six simple Colours adding the brown many may be compounded for faces of all Complexions Garments Land-skips Building Rivers Birds Fish Beasts c. As thus To make Violet Colour take Indico white and Lake and at pleasure you may as you take more or less of a Colour make it lighter or darker at Pleasure Lead Colour you may make of Indico and white mixed and tempered together Make Flame Colour or Colour for flaming Fire of red Lead and Masticote heightened with white To make a scarlet Colour take red Lead Lake and a small quantity of Vermilion For note that the latter is not good in limning To make light green take Pink and Smalt with white to make it lighter as occasion requires To make a purple Colour take Indico Spanish brown and white well tempered and â—â—ightned To make a Bay Colour take only Spanish brown and white To make a Murrrey Colour take Lake and white Many other Colours are made by mixture too tedious here to be recited wherefore I leave them to the discretion of the Practitioner to mix them suitable to his work or fancy and proceed to the practical part of this curious Art c. CHAP. IX Instructions for the preparing your Tablets and laying on your Colours in their graceful Shadows and proportion and what is to be observed as to the Lines in the Face Complexion and Procedure in drawing curious and many other matters WHen you have prepared your Colours prepare likewise good Pencils to know them draw them wet through your Mouth and if they come to a hair or sharp point they are good but if they after that stand rough or hairs stare or start out at the side they are nought and to be rejected The next thing is to prepare your Table and in this case get a fine Paste-board sleeked as smooth as a Card then fine Parchment or Vellum and starch it upon the board as smooth and even that no wrinkle or rising may appear to perfect which you must lay the Parchment side on your Stone rubbed very clean and polish the contrary side and so let it dry in the shade Having thus prepared a Table as big as you intend your Picture chuse a Light fair and large free from shadow being if possible a Sky-light on the top of a house yet such a one as the Sun-beams do not penetrate or glance upon observing to begin and end your work by one and the same light keeping the room clean that no dust may fly about to prejudice your work The next thing to be considered is your manner of sitting and in this case let your Desk be so placed that when you sit before it your left Arm may be placed toward your light and your right Arm from it that your light may slaunt upon your work And if you are to draw the Picture of any live Person the posture being agreed upon suffer him or her to sit above two yards distant from you and as level with you as may be marking well that whensoever the Party moves though never so little for never so little motion of the Body or Face if not recalled may occasion in a short time many Errors and when you undertake this the following Materials are requisite to be near you viz. Two small dishes or sawcers with clean water the one to wash your Pencils in when foul and the other to tamper your Colours withal a fine large Pencil to cleanse your work called a Fitch-pencil a sharp Pen-knife to take off hairs coming from your Pencil or Spots that may fall upon your Card a Paper having holes cut therein to lay upon your Card to cover it from dust and to rest your Hand upon If your Carnation or flesh Colour be tempered up it must be somewhat lighter than the Complexion of the Party you are to draw If it be a fair Complexion you must have white Lead and red Lead well tampered If the Complexion be swarthy or brown add to your white and red Lead Masticote or English Oker or both if occasion require it but let the Complexion be what it will be sure to tamper your Flesh Colour lighter than the Party to be drawn for if it be too sad there is no remedy and observe to place your
for Walls and Conduits use a mixture of white and black as likewise for other materials but if a Brick-house use red Lead and white and where the Houses stand thick together there use sundry Colours suitable to the occasion Tâ— cleanse old Pictures and render them fair and pleasing Take Wood-Ashes the whitest that may be had sift them through a fine lawn sieve and with a Spunge and fair water wash the Picture gently over not rubbing it hard least you impair the shadows which being done and the Picture dry take distilled Varnish and rub it thin and gently over and it will create a lasting freshness or for want of this you may do it with the whites of Eggs exceeding well beaten or with Gum-water But note the Pictures to be thus used must be such as are laid in Water-Colour Oil. CHAP. XIV Instructions for restoring Tapestry Hangings Carpets or Turky Chairs that are faded or decayed to their lively Colour to prepare Flock Cloth for Hangings Spanish white Size Alum water and Gum-arabick water how to make them as also to thicken Cloth for Screens c. To refresh Hangings or Tapestry Carpets or Chairs BEat the dust out of them in a dry day as clean as may be then rub them over well with a dry brush and make a good Ladder of â—asteel or Cake Sope and rub them well over with a hard brush then take fair water and with it wash off the froth and make a water with Alum and wash them over with it and you will find when dry most of the Colours restored in a short time and those that are yet too faint you must touch up with a Pencil dipped in suitable Colours and indeed you may run over the whole piece in the same manner with water Colours mixed with weak Gum-water and it will cause it if well done to look at a distance like new To make Flock Cloth Hangings c. To do this take a course Canvas spread it even upon a Flour or Table then take flocks or shreads of Woollen grind them as small as dust and having sized over your Cloth with a good strong size sift whilst it is wet the flocks on through a sieve very fine and having done it even in all places run a rowler of wood or Iron over the piece to press them down close and so suffer them to dry in the shade lest the Sun or Fire parch and make them crack and when dry brush them lightly over with Alum-water and so draw your design with black Lead red Lead Charâ—coal black or any other Colour you fancy and it will at a distance look like Tapestry and be very lasting in a room where no great Fires are made How to thicken Linen Cloth for Screens Bed-teasters and the like Grind whiting with size and to prevent its cracking add a little Honey to it then take a soft and smooth brush and lay it upon the Cloth and so do two or three times suffering it the mean while to dry between layings on and for the last laying smooth it over with Spanish white laid with Line-seed Oil the Oil being first heated and mixed with a small quantity of the Litharge of Gold the better to endure the weather and so it will be lasting Spanish white how to make it Take fine Chalk with a tenth part of Alum grind them with fair water till very soft and then bring them to a thickness and make them up into Balls lay them to dry leasurely and then heat them well in the Fire and so use them To make a very good Size useful upon sundry Occasions c. Take glue a pound steep it in four gallons of water till it be dissolved then take a pound of the shreds or cuttings of Gloves or other the like Leather and boil them in the water wherein the glue has been dissolved over a gentle Fire till it feel very clammy between your fingers and when that is done strain the liquid part through a sieve and keep it for your use To make Alum water the best way Take a pound of Alum bruise it and put it into two gallons of water adding a small piece of Gum arabick and having scumed it after a gentle heating from the froth or scurf strain the water and keep it for your use and especially to wash over printed Pictures lightly before you paint or colour them by which means they being afterward suffered to dry the Colour will be prevented from sinking or soaking in unseemly To make Gum-arabick water for all Occasions Take of the transparent or white Gum two ounces half an ounce of Alum and two quarts of Spring water dissolve the former in the latter over a gentle Fire scum it and take away the dross and so use it with Colours or in making Ink or the like and if you perceive it too strong you must put more water but if too weak then more Gum taking out the dross as before And thus much may suffice for the first part of this Book and past all peradventure prove useful to the Reader and Practitioner in such a manner that I can scarcely believe he ever will or at least will never have cause to repent of or repine at the cost and labour so necessary a Treatise fill'd with so much variety puts him to The End of the First Part. Art's Treasury or a profitable and pleasing Invitation to the Lovers of Ingenuity contained in many rare and extraordinary Experiments and Inventions c. CHAP. I. Metals and Minerals their Quality and Generation from what they proceed and how produc'd the â—rt of transmuting and making artificial Metals or Minerals with other material matters IN case of Minerals and all things inanimate concenter'd or contained in the Bowels of the Earth it is convenient to reduce them to four kinds of Mixtures viz. Metals Stones Earth or Juices Nature producing them with mixture and participation of each oâ—her and here by Earth I mean the simple Element only of which as the Philosophers affirm all sublunary Bodies are compounded and though the Earth according to the situations of Countries and differences of Climes differs in Scent Colour and Taste yet that proceeds from a mixture of some other part or effect of the former the pure Elementary Earth being in all places one and the same in which and by the operation of heat and moisture the others are generated and as there are more or less of these the Metals are finer or courser But to come nearer to our purpose Gold is found in Grains or Sand and Silver in veins and sometimes twisted and wreathed like the branches of a Vine and at other times these Metals are found in stones with whose hardness they have incorporated themselves and being broken are with fining materials extracted As for Gold it is the most perfect of all inanimate bodies and has its Generation as I have said from heat and moisture in the Original but of Parts so well contracted
and compacted by Concoction that it is in a manner incorruptible it being beyond the Power of any Element to prejudice or destroy it for the Fire of the most subtle and piercing Quality consuming all other Metals by long Application renders Gold more pure nor can the Air Water or Earth diminish its luster but that it will again recover it by which means it has deserved the Estimation the World affords it and is so ductil that being expanded an ounce of pure Gold will cover a place of twenty or thirty feet square Silver as is hinted carries a fineness next to Gold wanting little more than the Colour to be brought to its perfection wherefore those that strongly inveigh against the transmutation of Metals have been convinced that there is a possibility to turn Silver into Gold by reason Fire and artificial concoctions may supply the defect of which there have been many Experiments and from the even mixture good temperature and fineness of its parts it is not only ductil and malleable but endures the Fire with little waste and admirable it is that an ounce of fine Silver may be drawn out into a thousand four hundred yards and that too for the most part without breaking and all this extension may be gilded with six grains of Gold. Copper is a metal to the composition whereof a great quantity of Sulphur is required and from a distempered heat in the mixture the fiery heat proceeds and being over burnt in its composition it is therefore less subject to Corruption and is used about Engines of long continuance because it rusteth not and is found in Mineral Stones of divers colours though the most effectual Colour is green or blue and so often is it ingendred near Gold and Silver that many times following a vein of it much pure Gold and oftener Silver has been found and such Veins of Copper as make a superficial shew are upon being digged richer the deeper you go and that is occasioned by the moisture and many times pure Silver is at the bottom c. Iron though very common which lessens its esteem and may be termed the Wall and Bulwark of Kingdoms the safe-Guard of private Persons and the Handy craft Trads-man's only unum necessarium for without it few Imployments can subsist As for its extraordinary hardness from over much Earthy parts or fixed Sulphur in its composition not but it has a proportion of Quick silver in it so that it will not without a very violent heat be melted nor will it break but expand by force of hammers or other Violence and receive an impression by dilating it self and although it is cold and dry yet by reason it is more porous than other Metals it is of less weight and consequently subject to be consumed by rust Lead is frequently found in the Silver Mines and indeed as often by it self nor scarcely is there any ore but some quantity of Lead is found in its mixture as being by the abundance of its humidity serviceable to it and especially in the melting of Gold and Silver which cannot conveniently be done without the help of Lead for in this case by reason of its moisture it does easily evaporate carrying with it whatever is not Gold or Silver and in its weight comes nearest to the former viz. Gold and in Colour to Silver not being subject to Corruption as Iron Tin is begotten or generated by a grosser fore of indigested Quick silver though much finer than Lead by which means it becomes more white and hard though from the ill mixture of its substance it is accounted the Bane of Metals making them brittle by never so small a mixture and the reason is that by its incorporation it hinders the ductility and disorders its former equal temperature except in Lead with which it better agrees by reason of the moisture and softness so that being incorporated they become ductil and malleable Quick-silver is of a liquid penetrating Substance and greatly in use especially in refining Metals agreeing with any sort abounding with much humidity which gives it brightness and weight and is held the principal of the Generation of all Metals nay its very substance is transmutable into Metals enduring as well as those that come out of the Mines the trial of the Fire and Hammer There are sundry Metals called Artificial Metals made by mixture of Minerals As from a mixture of Tin and Copper Brass or Bell-metal is made as also for pieces of Ordnance and sundry other uses and in this case a pound of Tin must be put from four to eight pound of Copper according as you expect it brittler or tougher Latten is made of Plates of Copper put into Crusibles and covered with Powder of Jâ—lamina or a kind of half Mineral Sulphur strewed over it and upon that the Powder of beaten Glass to which Fire being put and the steem or greatest force of it kept in it alters the Colour of the Copper to a brassy quality and adds in weight eight pound to the hundred Pewter a mixture of Lead and Tin and has sometimes in it for the better hardning and keeping it together a small quantity of Brass or Copper And thus much for the Generation and Description of Metals which the Earth so abundantly produces for the use and benefit of Man kind from whence I proceed to the hardning of Metals for Handy-craft and sundry other uses CHAP. II. Instructions for softening and hardning Metals and Minerals suitable to sundry occasions as using in Tools Engraving c. The Art of soldering and gilding burnishing and the like upon Metals c. To soften Steel or Chrystal TAke of unquenched Lime a pound and as much of Soap-boilers Ashes and having made a Ley therewith put your Steel or Chrystal into it for the space of twenty four hours and it will easily be cut or other ways ordered c. To soften brittle and stubborn Iron Take the juice of Colts-foot and Hemlock and when your Iron is hot steep it therein and it will become ductil or you may do it by often quenching in Line-seed Oil. How to make a Powder to soften Metals Take your Metal and heat it well then take ground or beaten Glass common Salt and Brimstone and sprinkle them upon your Metal whilst it is red hot and afterward burn them off in the Fire To make Iron or Steel as soft as Copper the better to ingrave upon c. Take Chalk and Alum bruise them well together and being wet with the juice of an Onion dawb it over your Metal a finger thick and thrust it into the Fire suffering it to burn till it become clear and it will answer your expectation To make Iron or Steel so soft that you may tâ—isâ— it at Pleasure Take the Gall of an Ox mix it with Oil oâ— Turpentine and Urine heat your Metal and strow upon it Powder of Vitriol then wash it over with the materials before mentioned till it comes to
and put them into the Oil and cover the former pot with a bigger the first having a small hole in the top through both lids the better to stir the materials and having closed the outward pot about with Clay and suffer it to stand over the Fire till it boils up to the hole then cool it and when you would experiment it polish your Metal and strike it over the Metal being indifferently warm and so do it over twice suffering it to dry between either time and the business will be effected To lay Gold on Iron a brief and easie way Take liquid Varnish one pound and of Oil of Lin-seed and Turpentine each an ounce mix them well together over a gentle Fire and lay them as a ground whereon to gild with Leaf Gold c. laying the Varnish very thin and suffering it to dry Another easie way to gild on Metal c. Take of Gum-arabick and Bole-armoniack each an ounce put them into an earthen pot with a good close cover set it over a gentle Fire and when they are warm put in two ounces of Lin-seed Oil and when they come to a Varnish thickness lay them for a ground as the former and on them the Gold c. observing for the better splendor when it is dry to polish it CHAP. III. Valuable Metals their fineness to be known by essay of Coins and how they are to be known in their true Value and what is to be observed in preventing your taking false moneys HAving briefly run over sundry matters relatting to Metals and Minerals I now proceed to come somewhat nearer their true value as by the rules of Art they are laid down by curious Inquirers into those Affairs c. especially as to what relates to Metals used in Vessels of value and current in Coins c. the principal I take to be Gold and Silver the rest being vulgarly known and therefore not requisite to be mentioned in this Place As for the weight used for these fine Metals it is that of Troy consisting of twelve ounces and the ounce of a hundred and fifty Carots and may again for the deciding of lesser values be devided into four hundred and eighty Grains as for the Pound Troy weight of fine God it is worth thirty six pounds and so lessens in proportion of Allay in this manner viz. an ounce of fine Gold is valued at three pounds and that of thirty three keys fine at two pounds seventeen shillings six-pence and so lessening viz. twenty two Keys at two pound fifteen shillings twenty one Keys at two pound twelve Shillings six pence at twenty Keys two pound ten shillings loosing two shillings six peace per ounce as a Key or Carot is wanting in the fineness of twenty four In this case to know the fineness or defect it must to prevent defraud be found out by the allay which upon the touch-stone may be done by way of Essay in this manner viz. take Needles of Gold and Silver and Copper allay suitable to the several allays and suffer these to be of four sorts viz. the first to be of fine Gold and Silver The second of Gold and Copper the third of Gold Silver and Copper And the fourth of Silver and Copper only the first for the trial of Gold and the latter for the trial of Silver making of these mixtures twenty four Needles of sundry finenesses As first of fine Gold of twenty four Carots without Allay The second twenty three Carots of fine Gold and one of Silver The third twenty two Carots of Gold and two of Silver and so proceed to one Carot worse till there remains but one Carot of the fine Gold in mixture with the other Metals specified c. viz. twenty three Carots of Silver and by the same rule proceed to the Gold and Copper and Silver and Copper marking each Needle for the better distinction upon occasion of what fineness it is and by this way you may be satisfied of the fineness of any Ingot or piece of Gold or Silver in Coin or otherways by comparing them on your Touch-stone with the Needle whose allay you already know or trying them till they become equal or alike which when wetted will plainly appear As for the value of Silver that which is fine is accounted five shillings two pence of our Money the ounce though there is some that will fall out in fineness to be worth five and eight pence and the like But these Essays not being to be done by every Person who receives Money I shall by other ways instruct them how they may detect counterfeit Coins Past doubt few that have the handling of Money are ignorant that Coins of all sorts have been counterfeit some by imbasing in mixture others by corrupt Metals and other by way of plating and to know these in case of Guinneas or broad Gold First weigh them and try them by Essay as aforesaid and then if you further suspect them try them by Fire or by Aqua fortis and if they be of base Metal or corrupted with is they will soon grow dim and their Lustre in a small time more and more impair but if you suspect them plated especially Guinneas throw them indifferent hard on the edge and the Imbossment will open and you may discover the shell to rise In case of gilded Shillings though they have the Scepters as Guinneas which some Persons have had the Art to place there with graving Tools yet your best way is to try them by racing with a Pen-knife point in any convenient Place and although they are double gilded the Silver will appear The counterfeit Milled is washed over or plated and to discover this you will find the Letters imperfect or perhaps none upon the edges of Crowns or half Crowns the sound likewise will be flat and dull and the Metal on the outside may be easily raised to discover the defect As for old moneys the worst size is the half Crowns with pieces of Copper plated over and these you may know by their rising in the middle falling hollow Mackle in the stamp or better by raising the thin Plate on the edge and as for smaller money mostly mixed with Silver your touch stone is the best tryer CHAP. IV. Instructions for making black red white green Inks c. for sundry uses as well solid as liquid with that of the late Invention in Powder Directions for mysterious writing and other things c. To make the best common or black Ink. TAke a Gallon of rain-Rain-water or clear Spring or running water and put twelve ounces of Nut galls bruised or broken into it and of Gum-arabick and Copperas of each two ounces suffer it with once a day stirring to stand for the space of twelve days in a warm place and so use it as you have occasion And in this manner you may make a greater or lesser quantity but if you want Ink of this kind for present occasion you may boil your
a siâ—ilitude or likeness either in Statue or Porctraiture whether it be for Wood Ivory or any thing tractable in this nature and before you proceed to your rough carving with a black or red Lead Pencil or piece of Coal draw as well as may be the true Proportion Posture and Features having before reduced the Wood or Stone to some set form then cut them out as you see it convenient or let them swell as curiously as may then with smaller Tools proceed to polish them yet finer and so working by degrees till you have brought your matter to a proportion and then remains the Curiosity of fashioning to the Life and in this you must be curious in eying your Copy beginning with the head or upper part and so descend by degrees running it over three or four times before you come either to washing or polishing that no unseemly knob or other deformity may appear c. And in case any Statue or Image either cast or carved require to be painted in lively Colours the rule for painting in Oil ought as well in the mixtures as laying on to be observed In casting of Images or Figures the curiosity lies in forming the Mould and bringing the stuff to a fineness which if done in beaten Chalk Terrace Plaister of Paris or the like they must be mixed with Gum-water the better to strengthen them but in case of Lime c. it needs not and then no more is required than bringing the stuff to a fit temper or stiffness of dough and the Mould being to clasp in the middle and take asunder fill it with the Material and squeeze it hard in a Vice having rubbed the out-side of the Mould before with dry whiting or chalk finely beaten to prevent the sticking then take it out and set it to dry in a place where there is a stove and when it is thoroughly dry you may glaze or colour it at Pleasure If you design any Figure in Metal and will not be at the trouble of imbossing it in the expanse and so soldering it together thereby rendering it hollow as in fine Metals 't is often done then must you make your Mould of Brick Chalk fine Clay or the like and place it when dry and firm in a Bed of Sand or in the Ground keeping it close together have then your Metal rarefied or purged from dross by well refining and a trough or spout layed from the Plug of your Melter and when the Metal is melted and skimmed suffer it all at once to run with what speed it may into the Mould that every part taking hold of each other whilst liquid the whole Mass may the better incorporate and render the thing designed without flaw or scaling suffer it then to be thoroughly cold before you take it out which done polish it by taking off the rough outside and proceed with your tools to rectifie what is unseemly To polish Marble or any curious Stone Take fine Sand and the Powder of Alabaster polish it with a Polisher and then suffer it to be laid over for a time with Oil after that calcine or burn Egg-shells and with the calcination thereof rub off the Oil and polish it and it will be of a lasting gloss c. To make any Writing on Parchment or from Paper decay and become unlegible in a short time Take Quick-lime and mix with it the white of an Egg and rub over with the said mixture the Parchment or Paper when you intend to write and although the writing for a time will seem fair it will in a short time decay and look so faint that it can by no means be read To make new writing look old and of a long standing Take a dram of Saffron and infuse it into half a pint of Ink and suffer it to warm over a gentle fire and it will cause whatever is written with it to turn yellowish and appear as if of many years standing To make a curious Purple Ink. Take a quarter of an ounce of Lake and half an ounce of Indico and bruise them small which done warm half a pint of water and infuse into it an ounce of Gum-arabick then put the Colour in and shake them well together Take Blots or Letters out of Paper or Parchment Take an ounce of Alum dissolve it in a quarter of a pint of water over a gentle Fire and drop a drop of it warm as you see occasion upon the spot and suffering it to lie for a time take it up again with clean Cotton Wool on which you have breached to moisten it and the business in once or twice doing will be effected To render Writing very fair Take Gum sandrick bruise and sift it very fine dip into it Cotton-Wool and gently rub therewith your Paper or Parchment and this is called the pouncing it and is often used by School Masters to set of their Copies to advantage To write Letters like Gold without the help of Gold. Take of Vermilion half an ounce Gum-armoniack the like quantity bruise and mix then with the whites of a couple of Eggs and temper them in water to a thinness that you may write therewith and then your writing being dry glaze it over with a Polisher To write Letters that will appear like Silver without any Silver Take of Block-tin Quick-silver and the whites of Eggs each an ounce melt the two former and having ground them fine and small put them to the latter and mix them with Gamwater to the thinness of Ink and so proceed to write polishing your writing when dry How to prepare your Shell-Gold and write with it Take the ragged cuttings of Leaf Gold grind them upon a curious smooth and clean stone with Gum-water and a little Alum Powder and when they are well incorporated drop of the substance into small shells and when you use it temper a little fair water to bring it to a thinness and having written with it your Pleasure suffer it to dry and then polish the writing c. To make a good red sealing wax Take of Bees-wax a pound fine Turpentine three ounces red Lead or Vermilion finely ground an ounce and a half Olive Oil an ounce melt well the Wax and Turpentine adding an ounce of Rosin fine in Powder and when they â—re well melted and the dross taken off put in â—he Lead or Vermilion and stir them well together her till they are well incorporated and so make them into what form you please for your use To make black Wax Take of Lamp-black or black Earth an ounce and a half Turpentine and Rosin of each four ounces of Bees-wax a pound incorporate them as the former with Oil. To make green wax Take Verdegrease an ounce and all the other Ingredients except the colouring as the former ordering it in the like manner To make golden or transparent Wax Take clarified Rosin four ounces Turpentine two ounces Bees-wax four ounces Olive Oil two ounces melt them well together and
scatter in the melting disordered or shattered Leaâ— Gold and suffer it to mix and incorporate theâ— polish it over when made into form and thâ— Gold will appear in the transparency Scaling Wafers to make them Take fine Flour fifted or boulted that 〈◊〉 bran remain therein mix with it the Glare 〈◊〉 Eggs a quantity of Ising glass so called anâ— a little Yest mingle the materials beat them well together spread the batter being made thin with Gum-water on even Tin Plates and dryed in a Stove cut them out for your use CHAP. VII Artificial Vinegar how to make it Fire in Chimneys how suddenly to extinguish it blowing up Ships under Water blowing up Houses and weighing of Vessels that are sunk how to effect them with Directions for Dyalling and Gauging c. A way always to be provided with Vinegar for Sauce wherever you travel TAke the blades of green Corn when young beat them exceeding small in a wooden Vessel then strain out the juice and take the remaining substance and steep it in strong White wine-vinegar or the juice of Limons and suffer it gently to warm over the Fire and so let it stand in a warm place till the Vinegar be consumed and then make the matter up into balls and put them into a box and dry them and so coming into any place where Vinegar is not to be had scrape a little of the Powder into a little water and it will afford you when heat over the Fire or stirred well together a very good Sauce In case of the firing of a Chimney the means whereby it may presently be extinguished Take an ounce of Gun Powder and a quarter of an ounce of Brimstone fine beaten wet them with water and make wild-fire thereof and throw it in small pieces into a small pan of Char-coal or Coal fire that the smoak may go directly up the Chimney and it will cause the Sout the Fire has taken instantly to fall by parcels till there be none left To break or blow up a Ship or Vessel that is sunk though lying some Fathoms under Water To do this you must find how the Vessel lies and if you can conveniently let down a Barrel or more of Powder in a stench Cask with a Cane or Leather Pipe let into it and pitched round so that it may when the Barrel is funk to the lowest appear with the uppermost part above water then having a Boat ready and a red hot bolt of Iron with a pair of long Pincers drop it into the Cane or Spout so that it may fall into the Powder at what time make off as fast as may be and you will perceive immediately a trembling of the water and after that a Smoak to burst out at what time Planks Goods or any thing capable of floating will rise the Vessel being broke by the force of the Powder To weigh any Vessel that is sunk the best way Lash a couple of Vessels together and grapple the Vessel sunk fastening the grapples a Pole lying a-cross the two Vessels the said Vessels being filled and low sunk by their weight then empty them that they may rise and they will cause the sunk Vessel to rise with them as far as they rise then tow them as near to the shore as you can at high water and at low water the sunk Vessel will appear above it and you may empty it at your pleasure And in this case twenty Tun of Vessels Floats or empty Casks above water will raise a hundred Tuns under water To blow up Houses to prevent the Progress of a Fire the bast and safest way If so it happen the House be Timber and you would throw it off from the fire place your Barrel of Powder under the main Girder on the contrary side you intend to turn it and over it a Beam or piece of Timber and fix in that another uprighâ— scotch the Barrel on either side lay a train upon boards covering it with Cloth to prevent its taking Fire before you intend it and then having a piece of March fastened upon a Lin-stock give Fire to your Wild fire at the end of the Train and so retire If you would take a Timber or Brick-house upright place the Powder in the Cellar under the main beam in the manner aforesaid just in the middle or if there be no Cellar bed it about as much as may be and it will take it directly up from the Foundation and then suffering it to fall directly down it will break in pieces at what time the Timber may be drawn away to prevent the Fires over-running it and so by that means creep to the next building and render your undertaking fruitless To make a Sun-dyal upon the Ceeling of a Room and convey the beams of the Sun to it Prepare the Ceeling exactly level by raifing it with fresh Plaster if there be any defect draw your Dyal according to the form of a horizonial Dyal making the Lines and distance of equal Frame set up your Gnomen or shadower so that you may move it and leave blanks for the Figures this done conveniently place a Looking-glass or burnished piece of Iron or Steel so that it may reflect the light of the Sun upon the Dyal intended then make it by another Dyal how the Light moves which it will do with the Sun and according to that bâ—â—ng a true one place your Figures then take off the Gnomen or shadower and lay it aside fixing the Glass or burnished Steel that it may remain unsubject to be removed or shaken and you may at any time without stirring out of the room know whilst the Sun is upon the Dyal what it is a-Clock To make a Dyal in the Glass of any Window that has the benefit of the Sun. Take a curious square smooth Pane or Quarey of Glass fix it even with strong Borders of Lead in the Window and set up the Gnomen siding slaunting or direct according as the Sun has power upon it Then by a Watch-Clock or other true Dyal mark how the shadow moves to the time of the day with the point of a Diamond and accordingly draw the Lines from the Center and frame the Figures in due proportion and distance Directions to Measure or Gauge any Round Cark or Vessel c. In the first place multiply the half of the thickness in inches by half the circumference and that product by the length in the inches the last product for Ale divide by 288 and the quotient shews the number of Gallons in the Barrel and to bring these Gallons into Barrels divide the quotient by 36 for so many in case of Beer a Barrel contains But in case the Vessel very much bellies in the middle measure but half of it to the Bung and work as before and adding the products together you will have the true account CHAP. VIII Another Treatise of making sundry Inks. To make a Powder upon which you may write with Water c.