day recalefied and strongly expressed through a new cloth or bag will dimit much mucaginous matter Thus the mucage of Bdellium Sagapenum Ammoniacum and Galbanum is extracted to make up the confection of the mucilaginous Emplaister To every ounce of water or other liquor they ordinarily impose an ounce of seeds or roots but if the Mucage should be more crass then the quantity of roots or seeds must be augmented if more liquid diminished as one dram of seed to an ounce of water This Muslidge applyed to an inflammation helps much ℞ A Muslidge against inflammation The roots of Marsh-mallows ℥ ss Flea wort seedʒ ij infuse them upon hot embers for a day and a half in Night-shade water afterwards strain it and apply it to the part affected This Mucage mitigates the dolour of the eyes caused by heat ℞ Another to the pain of the eyes from a hot cause Quinco kernelsʒ iij. infuse them a whole night in the water of Night-shade Water-lillyes and Eye-bright ana ℥ i. ss in the morning extract the Muslidge and apply it to the part grieved CHAP. XI Of Collyryes IT is not enough that a Medicament be accommodated to an affection onely but it must be fitted to the part affected also for we do not prescribe one Medicament to the ears mouth nose and belly but exhibit a singular Medicament to each as will best fit it The eyes have their peculiar Medicaments called Collyryes which are endued with eximious qualities respecting their affections eximiously such as Galen speaks of libro de oculis libris 4 5. composit medicament loc as also Paulus and Aetius in many places There are two kinds of Collyryes the one dry Collyriorum differentia Collyria ficca called by the Arabians Sicf by the Grecians 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by the Latines Collyria fieca the other humid 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which are by the more recent called Collyries absolutely either because by their liquid form they are better accommodated to application the eyes not tolerating a hard and crass remedy or else because they are made of dry Collyries levigated upon a Marble and dissolved in water or such convenient liquor Some of the humid Collyries are of the consistency of Honey or a soft Unguent Tuthiae praeparatio as Tutia redacted to the form of an Unguent by much ustion and lotion with the juice of Fennel or other convenient liquor Others are altogether liquid and fluxile as all those which are made of the waters of Eye-bright Roses or Plantain with a small quantity of white Trochisks These should be reposed in glass vessels as the more solid in earthen pots And as a multitude of ocular affections are cured by Collyries so a multiplicity of materials go to their confecture as the whole Family of Medicaments whether of Minerals Animals or Plants from which either Powders can be efringed or Waters distilled or Juices extracted or Excrements desumed When you would quicken the sight make an oxydorcical Collyrie of such Medicaments as cure caligation as the galls of Animals the waters of Salendine and Eye-bright or the water of Community which confect thus ℞ Eye bright m. iij. Salendine Fennel Vervine Fumatory A water to quicken the sight ana m. ij Rue Balm ana m. j. Cloves Mace long Pepper ana ℥ ss macerate them a whole night in equal parts of white Rose-water and white Wine then distill of the water with which wash the eyes This Collyrie will cure the pruriginous scabies of the eye-brows ℞ White wine * White For the scabies of the eye-lids Rose water ana ℥ j. ss Hepatick Aloes finely pulverized ʒ j. mix them and make thereof a Collyrium This Collyrie will roborate and refrigerate ℞ A cooling and strengthening water for the eyes The water of Plantain and red Roses ana ℥ ij whites of Eggs ℥ ss mix them and beat them well together and make thereof a Collyrie This Collyrie applyed to the eyes will asswage their dolour ℞ For the pain of the eyes The waters of Purslain and Plantain ana ℥ j. ss the mucilidge of Quince seeds made in Night shade water ℥ j. mingle them fiat Collyrium This Collyrie will most efficaciously desiccate roborate and refrigerate ℞ A water strengthening and drying The water of Mouse-ear white Roses and Plantain ana ℥ j. Troch alb Rhasisʒ i. Tutty preparedʒ ss fiat Collyrium This Collyrie commonly called Eleiser roborates the eye and hinders the lapse of the fourth membrane or uvea and it is thus confected ℞ Collyrium Elciser Antimony Lapit Hematit anaʒ x. Acacia ℥ ss Aloesʒ j. let them be finely powdered cum aqua * Knotgrass Corrigiolae fiant Trochisci and when occasion calls for them dissolve one of them in white Rose water This other Collyrie which hath its denomination of Lead is endued with a sarcotical and consolidative faculty and is thus made ℞ A Collyrie of Lead Burnt Lead Antimony Tutty washed burnt Brass Gum Araback Traganth ana ℥ j. Opium ℥ ss make of these a Powder and with white Rose water form them into Trochisks which dissolve in white Rose water This Collyrie of Lanfrancus so called in whose Works I could never yet finde it is excellent against the French disease and is thus described by the antient Writers ℞ Collyrium Lanfranci White Wine lb j. of the water of Plantain and Roses of each a much as will suffice Auripigmentumʒ ij Verdigreaseʒ j. Aloes Myrrke ana ℈ ij let these be finely powdered and make thereof a Collyrium CHAP. XII Of Virgins milk VIrgins milk is one of those Medicaments which the sedulity of our age hath invented the making of which works no small admiration in the Vulgar whil'st of two unicolourous juices mixed together they educe a third white viscid and lent substance like milk to the spectators eyes Thus many exhibiting a specimen of their ingeny are believed to do miracles while they onely unfold Natures secrets Lac virginale cur dicitur Now it is called Virgins milk partly from its colour whereby it is like milk partly from its consistency and virtues wherein it is eximious even to delete the freckles of the skin which change and adulterate the virgin and genuine colour of the face This topical Medicament is made after many wayes whereof this is the most ordinary Receipt ℞ Litharidge of Gold finely powderedʒ iij. white wine vinegar of the best and strongest lb. ss mingle them together stir them with a wooden spatula for three hours afterwards filter the liquor through a brown paper in the form of a funnel into a glass drop by drop to that which is filtrated adde pluvial or fountain water in which dissolve a little salt upon the mixtion whereof a milk will appear This is also an usual form ℞ White wine vinegar lb. ss Litharidge of Gold finely powdered ℥ j. boyl them together till the third part be consumed and to
strength of nature may easily be done after concoction of the humour by a Vomit or Expectoration upwards Now they are not onely exhibited in a morning upon a fasting stomack but also at evening and sometimes betwixt meals to several effects and for several intentions and according to the matter intention and quality whereof the Medicaments consist for they are given to leniate deterge incrassate incide expectorate and stay blood Eclegms also according to the Antients may be made of Medicaments of any sapour yet very bitter and very sharp Medicaments we do not approve of for this use for besides that ingratefull sense they bring to the palate they exasperate the hollow artery and the jaws and greatly molest the lungs yet are sour ones sometimes prescribed for the attenuation of gross humours But use hath so far prevailed that in the confecture of CoughcuÃing Eclegms it is almost a Law that nothing but sweet Ingredients should make up the Compound as juice of Liccorish Pines Jujubs Sugar-candy Dragaganth and such like Electuaries mixed in Honey or some fit Syrup But if the condition of any affection preternaturally require bitter or sharp Ingredients then must they be mixed with the other Medicaments in a less quantity both that they may be more easily assumed and also that in altering the humour contained they may not hurt the part containing Quae eclegmata conveniant Asthmaticis Such Lohochs as these are for their notable faculty in inciding and opening commended to the pursy and such as breath difficultly because of gross humours in their Lungs An Eclegm should be assumed upon a stick of Liccorish a little beaten or out of some little measure and holden in the mouth till it melt of its own accord and till it slide down the mouth of the stomack or insinuate it self into the Artery subjected They are reposed in earthen vessels leaded and may be kept a whole year without impairing their virtues Yet such as in their Confecture receive Almonds or Nuts as they grow mouldy sooner so do their faculties sooner fail and decay There is to be sold in Shops a certain Electuary somewhat liquid for Glisters and it is made of one pound of the decoction of Violets Malva the herb Mercury Pelitory of the wall Beets and Wormwood with the same weight of the Pitch of Cassia and Honey despumed which being thicker than any Syrup and borrowing its colour and virtue from Cassia is called Lohoch of Cassia Lohoch caspa CHAP. XI Of Electuaries in general SUch Medicaments as externally applyed can cure any Poyson whether within the body or inflicted on the body by some bite are by the Greeks called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and those 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which introsumed help many grievous affections The Latins do not onely retain and confound both these names but also denote them by the name of Electuary to us for the Antients called them Antidotes the later men Electuaries Whereof according to their different consistency there be two kinds the one solid which Apothecaries make into little pieces which they call Lozenges the other more liquid made and formed into the consistency of an opiate But if according to Galen the difference of Antidotes or Electuaries be taken from their quality and vertues some are assumed because of deadly Medicaments others are prevalent against venemous beasts others are prescribed to diseases contracted by ill victualls and some are accommodated to all these uses which may not only be wholsomley introsumed but also externally applyed as Triacle Mithridate Electuaries according to their different solidity are called Dry and Tabulated Electuaria sicca ac tabulata or Liquid which have the consistency of an opiate a mean betwixt an Eclegme and Pills as all Antidotes whose powders are subactd with sape honey or wine which put to sugar righly prepared and agitated with a woodden pestell do acquire the just consistency of a solid Electuary So that wine and the same Electuary may be formed liquid or solid according to the adjection of sugar or honey with artificiall mixtion yet they can scarce be brought to a solid Consistency which admit of the extract of Cassia and the inner part of fruits The proportion of honey to powders in liquid Electuaries should be the same with sugar to them in dry and solid Electuaries which is that to one pound of honey or sugar should be mixed three ounces of Powder yet either may be increased or diminished as the power of the Antidote is requisite to be more valid or more weak for by how much more sugar or honey is added to the powders by so much is the Electuary weaker and by how much the lesse by so much the stronger In purging Lozenges one dramme of powder should be mixed with an ounce of sugar cocted in water or some juice to a consistency somewhat more solid than a syrup in Cord all Lozenges two ounces of sugar often go to one dram of powder the quantity whereof should be by so much lesser by how much the quality is stronger and the sapour more ingratefull But Physicians should define a just quantity of sugar or honey Medicorum error for while they prescribe onely according to their custome as much as will serve of either indefinitly they leave the Apothecary doubtfull in making the Electuary and they commit the sick persons safety to his judgement for he may make the strength of the Medicament more weak or more intense as he pleases and you shall scarce find two Apothecaryes who put the same proportion of sugar or honey to the same remedy when the quantity is not prescribed In the Confecture of the liquid Antidote Electuarium liquidum faciendi modus the honey is washed with a little water and boyled by little and little on a moderate fire and despumed till the water or other liquor be exhaled then it is taken off the fire and before it be absolute cold three ounces of the mixed powders are sprinkled upon the honey every pound of honey so prepared requires three ounces of Powder and then they are mixed with a woodden postell till the mixture be equall The weight of honey should not be changed because of the mixture of the pulpe of Cassia Tamarinds or Manna Dactyls and Almonds or other fruits for in confecting an Electuary of a Legitimate consistency the weight of dry powders must be answerable to the sape honey or sugar A soft Electuary should not be reposed in a box before it be thoroughly cold least its superiour part be extrinsecally incrusted in a certain Membrane it is betetr to let it be fermented and the crassitude equall Sugar also must be prepared before it receive powders for it should be dissolved in stillatitious water or other fit liquour Electuarium siccum faciendi modus and then be despumed and boyled softly on a fire till it be thicker than a syrup and till a drop thereof will not dilate it self and
the Hemorrhoides â„ž Mullein m. ij Marsh-mallows m. j. Linseed â„¥ ss boyl them in milk and whil'st they are hot put them in a stool-pan and sit upon it that the vapour may ingrede the fundament CHAP. IV. Of an Hypocaust or Sudatory AN Hypocaust is a place made like a little Fornace Hypocaustum quid wherein sweat is procured by dry heat ascending through like Spiracles from the fire set under it It is called by another name to wit Unde dicatur Laconicum Ejus usus Laconicum because the Laconians chiefly used it as the Romanes did baths It conduces much in frigid and diuturnal diseases for seeing its fervid and sharp heat doth not onely calefy the external habit of the body but the very praecordia and internals also it potently opens the passages calefies melts and by sweat educes the humours But seeing this external calour continually thus occurring and insinuating it self into the internals doth speedily project the humours it can scarce be tolerated one quarter of an hour without dissipation of the spirits and loss of strength whereupon swoundings often follow but the more delicate and such also whose bodyes are loaden with impure excrements are chiefly in danger of this delinquency Quae ingressum bypocausti praecedere debent He therefore that consults his sanity should never enter these Sudatories till he have by purge and phlebotomy if need be exonerated his body for so the reliques of those humours that infest his body may be easily projected by sudour The Rusticks custome is irreproveable who being destitute of an Hypocaust extracted by due and artificial industry take a Hogshead of a just magnitude and calefy it either by a fire or by setting it over a pan full of burned coals or a vessel full of hot water and set therein sweating profusely and with case without any danger of swourding Some will sit in an oven where bread is but lately drawn out put their heads onely out at the mouth thereof and so sweat abundantly Chirurgions have invented a certain Aestuary of a vimineous texture like a Bird-cage wherein they excite such to sweat as are infested with the French disease which they properly call a Cage wherein the Birds do not nourish but are nourished These miserable Wretches are included herein with hot bricks and almost suffocated till they sweat abundantly in every part of their bodyes having before drunk of the Decoction of Lignum sanctum or Sarsaparilla or some other Alexitery which will both move sweat and deleate the French disease CHAP. V. Of Fomentations FOments are so commodious that no part of the body is averse to their sanative operations Aetius prescribes this Medicament to fore eyes Trallian initio lib. 6. to the ears to the flux of the belly yea he thinks them convenient to asswage any dolour Celsus cap. 12. lib. 3. admits of Foments in Feavers and thinks they should not be omitted but by all means applyed to pleuritical hepatical splenical and arthritical persons as also to the calculative or other parts affected where the ulcer hath not dissolved the continuity nor divided the integrity For Oribasius cap. 29. lib. 9. saith they rarify the skin for transpiration attenuate the blood discuss part thereof and so operate that the parts affected are not so dolorous Foments therefore are made for many purposes as thus to roborate the ventricle â„ž Wormwood both the Mints tops of Dill Roses of each m. ij A Foment roborating the stomack Penniroyal Marjorum of each m. j. Balaustians Cyperus nuts bruised of each â„¥ j. boyl them in water with a fourth part of wine added towards the end of the Coction and foment the ventricle with sponges dipped therein as hot as can be suffered Trallian prescribes many Foments to the splenetick affections which consist of such things as roborate it or as incide and digest the humours or as change and alter its intemperance This Foment after purgation doth remove obstructions and roborate it â„ž Cetrarch or Spleen-wort Roman Wormwood Staechados A Fotus for the spleen Tamaris of each m. ij Broom flowers Jasmine of each m. j. boyl them in water and wine for a good space and to every pint of the Decoction adde Oil of Capars â„¥ iij. with which foment the part affected either with sponges or bladders filled and applyed This Foment is very good to cure the Pleurisy â„ž For the Plenrisy Marsh-mallows Mallows Violets of each m. ij the flowers of Melilot and Chemomile tops of Dill of each m. j. Linseed â„¥ j. boyl these either in water or milk and foment the side either with cloaths or spunges dipped therein After the foment liniate the part with some lenitive Oil as Oil of Lillyes Almonds or Violets or else with new Butter This foment for the diseased of the Stone must be applyed to the region of the reins â„ž Fotus pro calculosis Water-cresses Pelitory Beets Violets of each m. ij Faenugreek â„¥ ij boyl them in Hydromel and foment the reins therewith CHAP. VI. Of Epithemaes SOme make no difference betwixt a Foment and an Epithema but Fernalius rightly asserts them to be different Medicaments Differentia inter fotum epithema both from their forms and their efficacy seeing a Foment endued with many qualities may be constituted many wayes and applyed to many parts But an Epithema is chiefly eximious for two qualities to wit alterative whereby it emends some distemper and roborative or alexiterial whereby it strengthens the heart and oppugns some kinde of poyson and for the most part applyed onely to the regions of the heart and liver They consist of distilled Epithematum materia cordial and alterative waters or liquid decoctions mixed with powders of fingular virtues wherein the proportion of powder is of one scruple or half a dram to every ounce of water which we mix with a little vinegar Some Alexipharmacal Confection is sometimes diluted in stead of powders as in some pestilent season or in some malignant distemper which impairs the strength of the heart and faculties of the diseased for in such a case it is most secure to mix some Antidote or Mithridate with the Epithema This Epithema doth refrigerate and roborate the liver inflamed with a Feaver â„ž An Epithema cooling the liver of the waters of Succory Endive Water-lillyes and Plantain of each â„¥ iij. Vinegar of RosesÊ’ j. Pulvis Triasant â„¥ j. ss Diarrhadon AbbatisÊ’ j. Troches of CamphorÊ’ ss fiat Epithema and with a cloth dipped in it bathe the region of the liver An Epitheme thus confected will muniate and preserve the heart and strength of the vital faculties â„ž An Epithema to comfort the heart of the waters of Bugloss Scabious Cardaus Sorrel Roses of each â„¥ iij. spec diamarg. frigid Triasant of eachÊ’ j. ss Powder of Tormentill Gentian Dictamus and grains of Kermes of eachÊ’ ss with which besprinkle a linnen cloth and apply it hot to the region of the heart The Antients
humours in the bowels and ventricle removes obstructions emends the colour helps the palpitation of the heart moves womens fluors ejects the dead birth and given opportunely cures Hydrophoby and the bitings of mad Dogs CHAP. 13. Opiata Neapolitana or The Neapolitan Opiate â„ž of Senny â„¥ j. ss Hermodacts Turbith of eachÊ’ vj. the shaving of the * Pali sancti Holywood Sarsaperilla Sassafras of each â„¥ ss of the best Honey despumed in the decoction of China-root and cocted to the absumption of the aqueous humidity lb j. make it into an Opiate The COMMENTARY There is no Pharmacoean novellist so ignorant but he can boast of some secret Remedy he hath for the virulent flux of sperm or any venereous Ulcer concerning which affections and their cures Empiricks are most busie whereunto the vulgarity of Apothecaries frequently run not without peril for this kinde of people being greedy of novelties and too credulous will amplect any errour though capital so it smell but of Medicine and take from deceivers their most deletery Medicaments It is indeed miserable that such as are unwilling to dye should yet thrust themselves willingly into the hands of the killer I would exhort all worthy Apothecaries to move induce and valiantly infer war upon such nefarious wretches and use onely such remedies as are delivered and approved by most perite and learned Authors We describe this Opiate for the help of such Youngsters as Venery hath caught it is Invented by much Reason described by much Art and proved by much Experience for given when and where it should it successfully cures the Indian Pox which they call the Neapolitan Disease whence it is justly cognominated the Neapolitan Opiate We have often seen another of the same name in the Parisian Chirurgeons hands which being ill described at first was daily changed by every fresh-man for some onely make it of Guaiacum Senny Honey and Aqua-vitae others adde Bayberries some take away Guaiacum and substitute Sarsaperilla some approve of Hermodactyls others Turbith others both and some neither We exhibit it according to the prescript established and proved by Reason and Effect Some adde Aqua-vitae but I think Cinamon-water is more conducible but neither to hot waters either to cold ones It cures the Venereous Disease it is given every other day and oftentimes every morning fasting from Ê’ ij to â„¥ ss It is most convenient for such as for business cannot lye long and stay much in their Cubicles We have omitted many other Antidotes described by Mesue Actuarius Myrepsus and Praepositus whose composition is not probable nor use laudable before which we prefer these we have transcribed For Zazenea Atanasia both the Requies of Nicholaus Diasulphur Acaristum Adrianum and the confection of Storax are seldome or never prepared because Asyncritum both in facility in preparation and faculty in operation is much before them all For their chief vertue consisting in conciliating sleep it is enough that we have one or two Medicaments as Pills of Dogs-tongue and the Roman Philonium that can with felicity effect this end And we judge the same of Alfessera of Esdra and of the Hamagogous Antidote and other almost innumerable Confections collected by Authors or rather Transcriptors which would make a man nauseate their number SECT III. Of Alterative and Roborative Trochisks VVE have hitherto exhibited Roboratives in form of Powders soft Electuaries and Opiates It now rests before we put an end to this Book that we explicate all Trochisks of consimilar vertues and all necessary for Pharmacopolies as well those which are compounded that they may ingrede the confection of other Medicaments as those that are given alone and serve to the benefit of no others And lest we should have confusedly congested Roborative and Purgative Trochisks together as many do and that perperously we have adjoyned all the Cathartical as Trochisks of Rhabarb of Agarick and of Alhandal to the end of the third Section of our second Book And now acceding to the explication of Roborative and Alterative Trochisks we shall begin with those that constitute parts of Mithridate and Treacle CHAP. 1. Trochisci de Vipera or Trochisks of Vipers â„ž of the flesh of Vipers boyled in water with Dill and Salt lb ss the Medulla of the whitest Bread dryed and powdered â„¥ ij beat them well together and with hands anointed with Opobalsamum or its succidency make little Troches every one to weighÊ’ j. dry them to keep The COMMENTARY These are called Viperine or Theriacal Pastils for whose confection the Vipers must be taken about the end of the Spring or beginning of Summer when they have been recreated with their wonted meat and air The Female should be rather selected then the Male but not while pregnant but agile with a long neck a fiery aspect rutilous and red eyes a broad compressed head a snout reflected upwards an ample belly a tayl not involved growing more gracile by little and little void of flesh a firm but slow pace The Males tayl grows sensibly more gracile and is not destitute of flesh the trunk of its body is smaller its neck thicker its head more angust with onely two canine teeth the Female hath four Such as inhabit salt and maritimous places are not selegible those that are taken new are better then the old But that they may be rightly prepared they should be killed with Rods for their anger being thereby incensed they will spit out their poyson Their head and tayl must be abscinded from them when beaten each of them to the measure of four fingers which is enough in greater Vipers those which after this amputation move no longer nor effuse any more blood but lye still and are exanguous must be rejected as useless The useful must be excoriated eviscerated and purged from all their fatness washed well three or four times in clear water and then cocted in a fit pot with sufficient of water with a little Salt and more or less of green Dill as the number of the Vipers is in the prudent Apothecaries judgement as one handful and a half or two for four or five Vipers which number will make up three ounces of Trochisks requisite for the confection of the Theriack They must be cocted on a luculent but not a violent fire without smoke that their flesh may be easily detracted from their spina then the separated flesh must be brayed in a stone-Morter with a wooden-Pestel exactly whereunto in pulveration a third or fourth part of dry pulverated white-bread must be adjected that six dragms or one ounce of bread may respond to four ounces of flesh He that addes more bread makes the Pastils more imbecile and he that addes less more efficacious The flesh and bread thus mixed by triture and subacted into Paste must be made into Pastils or Orbicles They act perperously who inject any of the broath wherein this flesh was decocted into the triture for so it becomes too humid the Trochisks thereof too rancid
and repose the expression for use They sometimes make the Oyl of Myrtles only of the succe of their leaves and Oyl with a little Ladanum but the way we have described is more usual and better Botn of them refrigerate Vires condense astringe roborate the brain nerves and ventricle retain hairs stay them from falling off cure the gummes and teeth-ach confirm loose members and emend biles or lumps erumping by way of liniment CHAP. 15. Oleum Cydoniorum or Oyl of Quinces D. Mes ℞ of the Medulla or flesh of Quinces and of the Juyce of the same of each lb ss Oyl of unripe Olives lb j. and ℥ iij. let them be insolated in a glass for fifteen dayes afterwards boyled to the consumption of the Juyce and after the Oyl is expressed adde thereunto fresh Quinces and let this be repeated three or four times keeping the last expression The COMMENTARY This Oyl which the Greeks call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is made in Autumn when the Quinces have attained their perfect magnitude before maturity They must be plucked not depelled purged from their Down then rasped or deraded with an instrument exasperated with some segments afterwards an equal weight of their succe and flesh not brayed but deraded and not expressed must be taken confusedly mixed with the Oyl thrice insolated cocted and expressed as in the prescript Sylvius saith that the succe of Quinces will so crack and move while it is cocted in Oyl as that it will excuss all the Oyl out of the vessel therefore saith he this Oyl should be cocted in a double vessel lest by this impression on the Oyl the Quinces faculties evade more imbecile It refrigerates Vires astringes roborates the retentive faculty of the ventricle and intestines helps concoction stayes vomiting and thence conduces to the disease of Choler Lientery and Dysentery confirming and roborating each loose and imbecile part CHAP. 16. Myrelaeum seu Oleum Pigmentatum or Oyl of the Oak of Jerusalem ℞ the tops of the Oak of Jerusalem or of the herb so called m. iij. the berries or seed of the same ℥ viij white-wine lb ss good Oyl lb j. ss mingle them and insolate them for seven dayes afterwards put them in a bath till the wine be evaporated and the expressed Oyl keep The COMMENTARY This Oyl should be made about the beginning of Autumn we call it Myreol or Unguent of Pigment because both the Plants whereof it consists are called by the French Pigmentum as if they should say Pigment and by some Ambrosia for by the fragrance of its halite it exhilarates and by its aromatical lentour inviscates the fingers of the contrectants When Don Claudius Gonerius a man of much learning and integrity of whom we have oft made mention in our Books of Medicinal Matter had accurately sought into the nature of these Plants whose diligence in finding the varieties and faculties of Simples hath been very great He was moved that Medicks should not celebrate and usurp such eximious Plants which Nature it self had designed excellent by their odour sapour and pinguetude But it may be these Plants are contemptible because of their frequency the herb indeed grows most commonly in cultivated Gardens but the shrub fruticates spontaneously in all places about Paris much whereof in the beginning of September is brought into the City and bought by women to conciliate fragrance and suavity to their vestments When I had long explored their faculties and found them efficacious I made this Oyl of them which responds in faculties to many Balsams for it conduces much to the Palsey Vires trembling and imbecility of the Nerves it cures the cold dolours of the articles digests watry humours takes away dolours sprung from phlegm cocts and resolves crude tumours roborates the Brain and Nerves and with a little Turpentine draws dysepulotical Ulcers to sanity SECT II. Of such Oyls as may be confected at any time IN the former Section of this Book we have comprehended all Oyls more usual and necessary for Pharmacopolists which should be made in the Spring Summer or Autumn by infusion those seasons suppeditating fresh and eximious Medicaments in great plenty Now it rests that we describe such as Art may elicite at any time CHAP. 1. Oleum Mastichinum or Oyl of Mastick D. Mes ℞ Mastick ℥ iij. Oyl of Roses ℥ xij generous Wine ℥ iiij boyl them till the consumption of the wine then strain it and let the Oyl be reposed in a pot for use The COMMENTARY Mesue gives two descriptions of the Oyl of Mastick one consisting of the Oyl of Sesamum and Mastick the other of Wine Mastick and the Oyl of Roses which is frequently used Praepositus propounds a third which all reject Myrepsus besides the former gives two other scarce at all used This description then that we give out of Avicenna and Mesue is solely admitted for whose confection the Mastick must be tunded pretty crassly then cocted and agitated in a double vessel together with Oyl of Roses and red VVine till the VVine be exhaled It roborates the brain Vires nerves ventricle liver and articles it mollifies hard tumours and allayes dolours CHAP. 2. Oleum Nardinum simplex or Simple Oyl of Spikenard D. Mes ℞ Spikenard ℥ iij. Wine and Water of each ℥ ij ss Oyl of the Pulse Sesamum lb j. ss boyl them upon a gentle fire till the water be consumed stirring of them lest they burn The COMMENTARY Mesue is too much occupied in varying the same Oyl for he gives four sorts of the Oyl of Roses three of Spikenard amongst which those onely that are first described are usurped the rest seldome or never as other two which Myrepsus gives so sumptuous that they rather seem Balsams or Unguents then Oyls For the confection of this simple Oyl of Spikenard in defect of Oyl of Sesamum sweet Oyl may be substituted without much errour for Mesue sometimes prescribes that of Sesamum or sweet Oyl at pleasure The Spikenard must be minutely cut and macerated three or four hours in a glass or fictile pot in Wine Water and Oyl then all cocted till the water and wine be dissipated Some macerate it onely in water and wine for a whole day but so its faculties are worsted they had better infuse it for a short space in Oyl water and wine calefied a little upon the ashes Now half a pound of Oyl seeming too little for three ounces of Spikenard much whereof is very light the Roman Medicks have added to it a pound more so that it is lb j. ss This Oyl is called Benedict for its eximious vertues it calefies Vires attenuates digests and astringes moderately and thence conduces much to all cold flatulent affections of the Brain Ventricle Liver Spleen and Uterus and emends the odour and colour of the body CHAP. 3. Oleum Croci or Oyl of Saffron D. Mes ℞ of Saffron Calamus Aromaticus of each ℥ j. Myrrhe ℥
dissolve an ounce and an half or two ounces of Leaven or Barm and put in the Barrell leaving a certain space as about two or three fingers breadth empty Apomel is not very watry and as in strength and vertue Apomeli it is equall to vinous Hydromel so hath it the same manner of preparation as we shall shew in our shop Amongst sweet potions is reckoned Oinomel Oinomel which is made of two parts of old wine and one of honey and sometimes of six parts of sweet new wine and one of honey according to Oribasius Cap. 25. lib. 5. Collect. and because honey is of thin parts and most sweet those Medicaments that admit of its Commistion do conduce most to the attenuation coction and expurgation of grosse humours CHAP. IV. Of Syrups mixed with Honey THat which the Greeks call Oxymel and the Arabians Secanjabin The Apothecaries and not improperly call a tart sweet potion for it is a sower syrup made of water and honey or sweet wine and vinegar whence the taste recerves it as soure and sweet and as it hath a mixed and various sapour so hath it mixed virtues as by reason of the honey to the vinegar as of the vinegar to it self for vinegar hath a purging faculty and it is Gal. l 1. Acetum esse calidum frigidum simpl li. 2. Comp Med. loc cold and hot discussive repulsive and therefore Oxymel is commodious for hot cold diseases it cuts attenuates and cleanseth grosse and slimy humours it educes spittle Oxymelitis qualitas takes away obstructions it prepares cold humours for expulsion it moderates hot humours and quenches thirst for honey is averse to cold humours vineger to their lentour and water to heat and therefore causes that the honey be longer cocted better scummed and the vertue of the Oximel Mellis optimi nota better distributed as Messue his Interpreter well observes And the honey should not onely be very good sweet and sharp pale of colour neither too thick nor too watrish nor abounding with spume but the water also being a common solace both to the whole and sick as Galen saith Cap. 27. lib. de renum dignot Aquae bonit as qui dignoscatur Medicat and most necessary to all things ought to be most pure and good and it may be tryed so to be by taste sight and smell by tast as if it be free from all qualities indued with none by sight as if it be pure sincere and exquisitely cleere by smell as if nothing can be smelled therein which is in vitious waters and the vinegar also must necessarily be very good rather white than red Acetum quodnam optimum not stillatitious nor watrish but most sharp which hath a more potent faculty in cutting and attenuating Now that Oxymel is reckoned amongst Medicines is from vineger for it is not of them accounted sweet wine betwixt which Oxymel and Apomel takes place called by Serapis Acumel But because all vineger hath not the same vertue nor all men the same delight in its taste the same proportion of honey to vineger is not generally used for some would have more of vineger others more of honey whence Serapio thinks it should be made according to his mind that drinks yet the confection described by Mesue and Oribasius is most received and approved And it is made of one part of vineger Oxymelitis praeparatio two of water and four of honey and all are boyled together to the consistency of a more liquid syrup for if it be not perfectly cocted yet because of the honey it may be preserved long enough without corruption And this is called simple Oxymel in respect of that which is more compound which besides water honey and vinegar receives many roots and fruits whereof many formes are described by Nicolaus Myrepsus and later writers CHAP. V. Of Juices mixed with Honey HOney is the Countrey-mans sugar wherewith they often condite Cherries Goosberies and Pears Apothecaryes also not for want of sugar but by the Physicians advise confect certain juices fruits and flowers with honey and make them into Conserves Galenjabin Conserva Rosarum sapes and syrups conserves as honey of Roses called by the Arabians Geneljabin and by the Greeks Rhodomel which is made of one part of the flowers of red roses bruised and three parts of honey despumed Mel passulatum Sapes as honey of grapes which confected of one pound of dry grapes clensed and macerated for a whole day in three pounds of water then boyled to the half afterwards strained and mixed with an equall quantity of honey despumed syrups as another kind of honey of roses which is made of an equall quantity of despumed honey and red rose juice the Mercuriall honey or Mel Mercuriale is also confected after the like manner and cocted to the consistency of a thicker syrup And as the consistency of these conserves of roses is various so is their description and preparation for many take the same quantity of roses purged from their white and of honey as Mesue also did but they do not as he Rhodomel boyle them on the fire but expose them to the heat of the Sun Mel Rosatum foliatum for the space of ten or twelve dayes before they repose them in their shops thus also Rhodomel prepared without colature is called by some of a later stampe Mel Rosatum foliatum and by others Conserva mellis Rosarum But that which is confected of an equall part of the juice of red roses and of honey because of its sapour and consistency is called the syrrup of the honey of roses That same is a mean betwixt both because made partly of the leaves and juice of Roses with an equall weight of honey yet the former manner of confection is more approved after which manner also other Medicinall honeys are confected of other flowers Yet is it better that these be insolated than decocted with fire Cur prastet hac insolari quà m coqui because the odour of flowers being easily dissipable perishes and their qualities do not remain integrall after cocture but they will easily endure insolation which acting with a temperate and diuturnall heat not short and fervid better mixes such Medicaments yet that honey which is made of fresh roses is used to be cocted with a slow fire that which is made of dry roses should be insolated Now what way soever honey of roses is made whether of flowers integrall or broken it ought first a little to be calefied that it may be strained and it is called Mel Rosatum Colatum As fruits are harder more difficult to be cocted and lesse dissipable than flowers and leaves so Medicinall honey is made of these after a different manner for insolation will not suffice but they must be long concocted in water before honey be put to them and that fruits may be rightly cocted they must first be macerated
Medicament neither too much nor too little to exagitate his ventricle nor yet to exclude more in quantity or quality than he should Yet if the body wholly abound with ill humours he may not at once but by little and little not on one day but many remove them for nature cannot beare great evacuations of any humours whatsoever but delights in graduall actions wherein is no violence CHAP. VII A just quantity of Medicaments can scarce be defined yet a little in excesse or defect is not perillous THE Medicinary Art is indeed conjecturall yet much helped by experience augmented by reason and confirmed by reason and confirmed by the authority of Doctors who trying effects by the indagation of causes and being more skilfull and prudent by long observance have left Theorems to posterity grounded upon many strong and necessary reasons whereby diseases may be known remedies invented and a quantity of Medicaments described if not just and definite yet so accomodate to nature and the disease that one may triumph and the other be captivated For what perill can be doubted or expected If where an ounce of Cassia is convenient seven or nine drams be exhibited if where oue dram of Rhabarb is requisite two or four scruples be assumed a small errour should not cause great feare and as all excrementitious humours cannot alwayes be educed by a Medicament without indangering sanity so we shall not need to suspect any harme by the eduction of some of them onely that are not of an offensive quality since meat and drink are not alwayes ingested after the same measere and at the same time Nor yet ill humours always bridg diseases with them Many have often eaten Hemlock instead of Persly in Pottage which the maid hath mistaken because of their convenience in externall form those also who love Froggs eat Toad stools often without harm Yet we must with all judgement and artificiall conjecture endeavour to make the quantity of the Medicament respond to the strength of the nature and the burthen to be educed which if it be copious and a proportionate Medicament cannot with safety be exhibited at once it is better to wash it away in severall dayes than at once both deject strength and humours It s sad to reiterate purgative Medicaments Suppurgatio â—imenda where one will accomplish the design or to minister a violent one where a gentle one would sufficiently exonerate For suppurgation is dangerous which by too much opening the veins sometimes excites the dysentary evacuates blood and prostrates the integrity of natures strength to danger It s better therefore to relinquish some of the superfluous humours than by immoderate vacuation to protrude both necessary and excrementitious ones And as the same quantity of the same Medicament given to the same man at severall times may produce different effects so as its quantity varyes it acts variously one while is more proper for this another while for that disease for if Aphor. 1. lib. 4. Hippocr a woman with child be advised to purge which she may without fear or danger do betwixt the fourth and sixth moneth of her pregnancy she may confidently assume a roborating Medicament in a small quantity that the cause of that molestation whereof pregnant women complain may be gently removed and the foetus receive no detriment thereby But when the quantity of Opium Diagredium or such Medicaments which have great power in a little bigness is to be excoginted let it be with great care and prudence prescribed and pondered that if a just quantity can scarce be defined the exoberance or defect may be very small for whereas the least thing is not reached by the Law nor judged by the Praetor yet we may cafily offend in the least excesse CHAP. VIII Of such Medicaments as may without harme be taken in great quantity for whom they are convenient and when Every Medicament doth more or lesse offend nature as its faoulty is stronger or weaker by how much a catharticke is more grievous in odour or sapour by so much it causes more molestation for all purges saith Galen cap. ult lib. quos quando quibus offend the ventricle especially in its mouth which consisting of of many nerves is of more accurate sensation and therefore we either mixe benevolent lenocinyes with purgatives or select such as are not so ingratefull nor so much disturb the ventricle Which if they can be procured must not yet be presently exhibited save by those for whom they are convenient and in such quantity as may respond to the strength of nature and be easily born Which quantity is various according to the various faculties of the Medicaments which if they be weaker may be exhibited by so much in a greater quantity if stronger in a lesse Now I call them purgatives weak which by gentle and benign motion of the ventricle cleanse the first region of the body and are measured rather by ounces than drams as Mannae the pulpe of Tamarinds the pith of Caffia or the like Those valid or strong which being small in quantity produce groat and violent effects and which are rather weighed by grains and soruples than by drams of which hereafter all them are accounted weak which are measured by ounces and they violent which are measured by grains they indifferent which are measured by drams as Rhabarb Senny Aloes and the like all which as also all lubricating and roborating purgatives may be taken in greater quantity This also holds good in alterating Medicaments Alterantium dosis which by how much they recede lesse from the symmetry of our body as being onely hot or cold in the first degree may be prescribed in greater quantity by how much they recede more as hot or cold in the fourth degree may be exhibited in lesser quantity it is not then without perill copiously to assume Pepper Bartram Euphorbium or Cicuta Hedum or Water-Lillies because by the former the intralls would be inflamed by the later benummed and chilled But since roborative Medicaments differ much in their active powers they must be used in different quantities as cordiall waters by ounces conserves roborating the principall parts by drams more potent Antidotes by scruples Bezoar-stone and Unicorns horn by grains Now such liquids as are assumed either to roborate alter or purge may be given in a greater quantity Furthermore not only the efficacy of the Medicament but also the state of the body and humours require an augmentation Qui Medicamentis vaitdis qui benignis egent or diminution in quantity a gentle and weak Medicament will not move a strong and firme body which hath been either accustomed to labour and frequent purgation or pestered with many obstructions whereas the soft and slender bodyes of women and children which are either dry or macilent as also of pregnant women and persons newly recovered from diseases will not endure strong ones The species also and plenty of the humour Frigidus crassus
such as the Julep or rather Syrup of Jujubs for when it is made of a hundred great Jujubs and four pounds of water cocted to the half and one pound of sugar it acquires a more crass consistency than a Julep and therefore when it comes to be used it requires dilution in simple water cocted or in a Prisane whereas a Julep is limnid enough of it self And that same Syrup which from its frequent use there derives its name from Alexandria Syrupus Alexandrinus is improperly called a Julep since it is as much inspissiated by coction and as long kept as any Syrup Now the Julep of Roses is right made when it consists of Rose-water with half as much Sugar cocted almost to the crassitude of a Syrup or little less if it be presently to be assumed as vulgar Juleps Julepus rosatus qui fiat which are made for present use of Sugar or some Syrup with thrice its quantity of water as ℞ The water of Endive ℥ iij. Syrup of Limons ℥ j. mingle them Thus Juleps should be of a more liquid consistency that they may be percolated but those that are longer cocted or receive onely a double quantity of Water to their Sugar as the syrup of Roses Syrupus Rosareus Rondeletii according to Rondeletius or an equal weight of both according to Sylvius are because of their crassitude scarce fluid and admit not of percolation Therefore according to the different coction and quantity of Water to the Sugar it will be a Syrup if both be equal or a Julep if three parts of Water be put to one of Sugar according to Loubertus Since Juleps are easy to make I shall onely describe one or two forms ℞ of the waters of Fumatory and Wood sorrel an ℥ ij of Sugar ℥ j. boyl them on a gentie fire till one ounce be consumed make it into a Julep for one dose An Hypnotical Julep to conciliate sleep may be thus made ℞ The water of Water lillyes ʒ ij of Betony ℥ j. Syrup of Poppyes simple ℥ j. drink it at the hour of sleep which is at nine of the clock at night CHAP. V. Of distilled Restoratives ALL analeptical and restorative Medicaments which refocillate the habit of the body absumed by long disease or hunger which are prescribed to resartiate the vigour of the faculties weakned with languor are not onely taken from medicinal but alimental matter For whereas they conduce partly to the nutriment of the body and partly to the cure of the part affected it is manifest by reason that they should be endued with various qualities Now they are called distilled Medicaments Distillata cur dicta because they are distilled drop by drop from an Alembick into a subjected Vessel and Restoratives because they are extracted from nutritive flesh from Conserves Cordial Powders and all such things as either by their odour or substance refresh the spirits or roborate the principal parts Many disapprove of the custome of the ancients who distilled the raw flesh of Capons or Partridges purged from their bones and fatnesse together with the powders and conserves for seeing raw flesh is hardly concocted and the faculty of the powders easily and dissipable with what reason are these mixed especially seeing that the water first distilling from the crude flesh corrupts soon they seem to do better that put the flesh halfe cocted and its own juice into the Alembick with the other materialls Neither do we approve of their action Catenarum aurcarum decoctio non utilis who coct golden chains together with the flesh seeing nothing of them is dissolved nor yet extracted from them save that filth they have contracted by touching Their custome is more laudable who cast filings of Gold into coction as the Apothecaryes of Paris use to do who spare no cost that they may confect their restoratives and other compounds well This solemn and excellent distillation may be thus accomplished ℞ Of the broth of one Capon and 2. Partridge lb. ij of the waters of Buglosse Wood Sorrell and Water-Lillyes of each as much as will suffice of the Conserve of violets succory and roses of each ℥ ij Pulveris Diamargariti frigidi Electuarii triasantali diarrhodonis Abbatis an ℥ j. Troches of Camphor ℥ ij filings of Goldʒ j. ss put them all into an Alembeck and after convenient maceration let them be distilled according to Art The description of another distillation excellent against hot and malignant feavers ℞ Of the waters of Wood sorrell Goates-beard Carduus Succory of each ℥ iiij Cock broth lb. j. Conserve of Water-Lillyes Roses of each ℥ j. Treacle ℥ ss of the powder of the roots of Angelico and Termentill of eachʒ ij Dictamus ℥ j. Carduus and Citron-seeds of eachʒ ij Sage and Orange flowers of each p. iij. put all these into a still and according to Art proceed to the distillation You may adde to a portion of this same distillation when you would use it some fit liquor as the juice of Lemmons or Orenges with a little common sugar or conserve of Roses if the sick desire it CHAP. VI. Of Decoction or Apozemes GErmany indeed that I may a little decline from the rode is happy in that it is not only a nursery of famous men but a treasure also of precious things Yet as the frugiferous tree brings forth with fragrant Apples blasted blossomes and sometimes pestiferous fruits so hath she produced a very Monster in nature I mean that Pseudomedick Paracelsus who professed the Devill the Authour of his Medicine calling his characters and words the Devils Art our syrups and decoctions mans inventions Herophilus the ancient Philosopher denoted these as also all Medicaments with more sanctity calling them the Auxiliatory hand of the Gods which being indued with divine and admirable faculties are able to cure the diseased and preserve the sound body Upon this account Heraclitus famous also amongst Philosophers was wont to call sacrifices Medicaments because they like some praepotent Physick purge the soul as medicaments do the body Cael. Rhod. cap. 2. lib. 12. The Impostor said truely when he called decoctions mans medicaments for herewith the quality of the peccant humours is tempered many pains eased the violence of the untimely guest death abated the acerbity of the symptomes mitigated and the parts reduced to their native bonity and vigour for they are made of all kinds but especially of alterative and roborative Medicaments wherein sometimes some benign purgative simples are infused in small quantity for it were absurd to call any blackish ingratefull laxative decoction wherein much Senny or half an ounce of some electuary as Catholicum or some lenitive hath been dissolved an Apozeme for 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 with the Greeks comes from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to fervefy Apozema quid unde dicatur or decoct and an Apozeme is onely used for the thin decoction of hearbs Now the whole matter of Apozemes is from plants of whose
they inject it into water and assume and keep what swims above and abjecting the water take what is in the bottom and inject it again into the reverberatory fire where they burn it as before and again dimit it into water what swims above they again take and keep what sinks to the bottom they again burn till it subside not but remain upon the superficies of the water which they collect dry and keep for special Chymical Martical Saffron Some make it thus They put the limature of Iron on a dish in a very hot fire and permit it to be red hot when it is cold they bray it laboriously in an Iron-Morter then wash it that the more sublime part may be separated with the water the crasser is again burned and brayed as before which they iterate seven or more times till all the limature become croceous Some wash the limature of Iron in Brine before they calcinate it and afterwards in Vinegar some macerate it in Urine others put Salt to it and others Tartar some burn it with Sulphur others turn it into Rubigo but as these preparations are too curious so are they needless and it is better to hold to one good way then hover doubtful amongst so many But the dust of Iron must be filed very small for this purpose that it may be better calcinated by the fire then it must be brayed afterwards demerged and much agitated in water and the supernatant part collected dryed with moderate heat and kept without further calcination the crasser part must be again immitted into the fire till the whole become volatile and then it is true Martial Saffron Alchymists make it also of other Metals for they have Saffron of Tinne Saffron of Venus but by how much they seem more perite Artificers by so much they are more imperite Medicks They say that Mars his Saffron roborates the liver and spleen Vires takes away the obstructions of the bowels and therefore cures the foetid colour of Virgins Of this and other Cordial Powders prudent Medicks make a Confection in form of a soft Electuary or Tabels called Diastomoma most efficacious in removing obstructions wherewith they mix the Powder of Worms But I had rather make it thus ℞ of Steel well preparedʒ ij Cinamonʒ ss the species for the Electuary of the three Sanders and de Gemmis of each ℈ j. the Powder of Dictamus ℈ ss with Sugar dissolved in Balm-water ℥ iiij of which make Tablets ofʒ iij. weight or ℥ ss one whereof take in the morning fasting They used to put more Sugar to Cordial Tabels but then they are less efficacious THE SECOND PART Of Powders necessary to be had in Shops IN the former part of this Section we have tradited onely most select Cordial Powders omitting onely such whose qualities were affine and similar whose descriptions were ungrounded and use disapproved Now in this second part we shall treat of such as being more frigid and sweeter are not as the former Aromatical but Bechical and Thoracical for they are convenient for the Cough of the Lungs and all Thoracical affections CHAP. 17. Pulvis Diaireos simplex ℞ of Florentine Orris ℥ ss Sugar-candy Pul. Diatrag. frigid of eachʒ ij make of them all a Powder to be kept for use The COMMENTARY The Author of this Powder is most uncertain but its use most frequent it should be conveniently excepted in Sugar duly cocted in the white of an Egge clarified with coltsfoot-Coltsfoot-water and concinnated into Tabels or Lozenges Each ounce of Powder must have a pound of Sugar yea they sometimes put two ounces of Sugar to one dragm of Powder and the Electuary thus made is more grateful but less efficacious as on the contrary when each dragm of Powder receives an ounce of Sugar The manner of its preparation is so easie that it needs no further description It stayes the distillation of the Jaws Vires attenuates cocts and expectorates crass humours There is another composition of Diaireos denoted by Solomons name which being harder to make more insuave and no whit more efficacious is seldome made CHAP. 18. Pulvis Diatragacanthi frigidi or The Powder of cold Diatragacanthum D. Myrep ℞ of Penidees ℥ iij. Gum Thraganth ℥ j. Gum Arabickʒ x. Starch ℥ ss the seeds of white Poppyʒ iij. of the four greater cool seeds Liquorice of eachʒ ij Camphyr ℈ ss make of these a Powder The COMMENTARY This Powder hath its name and basis from Tragacanthum which in its composition is most prepollent It receives many Bechical viscid refrigerative and lenitive simples whereunto Myrepsus its Author addes Nettle-seed as very accommodate for the attenuation and expurgation of crass humours which because it makes the compound both in colour and sapour ingrateful is by Neotericks omitted others supplying its faculty better It is kept either in form of a Powder as the rest or of a tabulated Electuary each ounce of Powder admitting of a pound of Sugar It helps all hot affections of the lungs and breast Vires conduces much to such as are macilent or consumed it cures the Pleurisie asperity of the tongue and jaws and cocts and expectorates spittle CHAP. 19. Pulvis Diapendit sine speciebus or The Powder of Penidees without species D.N. Myreps ℞ of Penidees ℥ ij Pine-nuts sweet Almonds decorticated white Poppy-seed of eachʒ iij. the Juyce of Liquorice Gum Thraganth Arabick the four greater cool seeds Starch of eachʒ j. ss Camphyr gr viij make of them all a Powder The COMMENTARY Diapenidion is made either without species as in this form or with them when Cinamon Cloves and Ginger are added thereto as Myrepsus its Author describes it and the said species Almonds Poppy-seed and Liquorice-juyce are put in equal weight It is kept either in form of a Powder or of a solid Electuary which by the Authors advice may be thus made Three ounces of Violers must be macerated and cocted in a pound of water till the water be of a violaceous colour one pound of Sugar must be cocted in the colature to the consistence of a solid Electuary wherewith whilst hot the Penidees and other levigated simples must be so mixed and subacted that the mass may acquire a solid form whereof tabels or Rhombodies may be concinnated and reposed for use All with one consent confect Penidees thus but few agree in the proportion of the simples for each one changes their weight this we have delivered is the most usual form This Powder conduces very much to those that are infested with a cough Vires pleurisie difficulty of breathing asperity of jaws hoarseness and many vices of the lungs If it be made with the species besides the enumerated effects it also incides attenuates and cocts viscid crass and cold humours preparing them for expectoration CHAP. 20. Confectio de Rebecha ℞ of the Powder of Diaireos cold Diatraganth of eachʒ ij Powder of Liquorice ℥ ss Sugar-candyʒ iij. and with Gum Thraganth dissolved in
Rose-water make a Paste of which Rolls The COMMENTARY Though this confection be of an unknown Author yet it is most usual grateful for sapour and commendable for effects The Powders whereof it consists are indeed kept severally till they be mixed with Tragacanthum solved in Rose-water or other convenient liquor or else coacted with Sugar cocted in some idoneous humour into a mass whereof Pastills or Bacills may be formed We anumerate it amongst Bechical Powders because it is of the same use and consistence Some think this consection is called Rebecha from Bechia for it is Bechical some ignorant fellow reading Rebechi for ℞ Bechi in some ancient Medicks receipt gave the name to this Confection which is now called Rebecha It cures such as cough Vires breathe difficultly spit corrupt blood are infested with the Peurisie asperity of the tongue and jaws and hoarseness CHAP. 21. Of Penidees PEnidees are much commended amongst bechical and arteriacal Medicaments which consist but of a few ingredients for they are made of Sugar and Barley-water mixed in such proportion and so cocted that a mass expurges thence of such solidity that it is tractable not adhering to ones fingers but easily ducible into long or short crass or small threads which that it may be duly effected the mass while hot is adduced reduced and drawn upon a ferreous hook affixed to the Beam till it be dealbated and severall figures made out of those threads Bulcasis the Author of this Compound made it of pure water Sugar and Honey mixed with as much Oyl of bitter Almonds But now we take Barley-water omit Honey and onely anoint the hands of the subacter and the Marble on which it is projected with Oyl The shop-men call this Medicament Alphenicum from the whiteness it contracts by subaction and duction It cures the cough hoarseness and asperity of the artery moves Vires cocts and excludes spittle and helps all affections of the Lungs and Breast SECT II. Of liquid Antidotes THere are of the Powders described and other Cordial and Alexiterial ones diluted in some idoneous liquor certain soft confections made which we sometimes call Liquid Antidotes sometimes Opiates and sometimes Cordial Confections Now some of them are onely Cordial recreating the spirits and vital parts others Alliotical and Hypnotical altering and conciliating sleep and others Theriacal working the same effects and withall oppugning and expugning poyson if they meet with any We will begin with the true Cordials CHAP. I. Confectio Alkermes or The Confection of Alkermes D.M. ℞ of the Juyce of fragrant Apples of the best Damask Rosewater of each lb j. ss infuse in them for the space of a whole day the husks or Cods of * Sericum crudum Silk-worms lb j. make a strong expression to which adde the best Juyce of Kermes-berries lb j. Sugar lb ij boyl them till they come almost to the body or consistence of Honey to which whilst hot adde ⸪ It is better to grinde the Amber with the Powders and so to mix it crude Amber small cutʒ ij and when 't is dissolved cast in these Powders of Cinamon Aloes-wood of eachʒ vj. the Azure-stone burnt and washed Pearl of eachʒ ij Leaf Goldʒ j. Mosch ℈ j. make thereof a foft Electuary The COMMENTARY The greater part of Pharmacopolists infuse silk dyed in the succe of tinctured grains or Kermes newly tincted in Rose-water But Joubertus to whom I assent would rather infuse crude silk in the said liquor and then adde the succe of Kermes to the expression for so there is less loss and the vertue of the silk if it have any may be easily elicited before tincture by infusion And though its first Author Mesue instituted it otherwise yet it is no piacle to discede either from him or any other Author if the thing may be made either better or more useful thereby I rather assent therefore to such as infuse crude silk in rose-Rose-water and succe of Apples and afterwards adde Kermes to the expression It is prudently provided in the Roman Antidotary that onely four ounces of silk be macerated seeing it may not be totally omitted with loss to the Medicament for as I would not be refractory so would not I be too credulous nor suffer every thing that is spoken or written too precipitantly to inhere in my minde And that I may speak freely Sericum being the excrement of a certain sordid Insect I can scarce perswade my self that it is indued with so great vertue as the Ancients put upon it I know indeed that Clay is not destitute of faculties and that the qualities of Animals Hair Cleys and very dung are not contemptible but if not cordial yet efficacious by their sharp and troublesome quality But more of silk in its proper place I now return to our confection wherein the Azure-stone is put yet not so prepared as in the confection of those Pills which are denominated from it for therein it is exhibited crude that its purgative faculty may remain intire but here burnt that it may perish in both pulverated and frequently washed that it may depose its vomitory and keep its cordial and roborative faculty It must be burned in a crucible or small earthen pot then brayed and often washed first in common water then in cordial as Rose-water or such convenient liquor and dryed till the water after lotion remain limpid This is a precious but not so operous a compound as the Augustane Dispensatory portends it is prepared as other Confections The sole dissent about its composition is in the tincture of the silk and the weight of Musk which some augment others minuate if Aloes-wood cannot be had Citrian Santals may be substituted It is very efficacious for many things Vires for it cures the palpitation of the heart swoundings doting and sadness without a manifest cause and much helps such as are languid wearied with long sickness and newly recovered CHAP. 2. Confectio de Hyacintho or The confection of Hyacinth ℞ of Hyacinths red Coral Lemnian-Earth Bole-Armeniack of each ℥ ss Kermes-berries Tormentil-root Dittany Citron-seed Saffron Myrrhe red Roses all the sorts of Sanders the bone in the heart of a Hart Harts-bone burnt shavings of Ivory the seeds of Sorrel and Purslain of eachʒ j. Saphyr Smaragd Topaz Pearl crude Silk filings of Gold and Silver of each ℈ ij Camphyr Mosch Ambergrise of each gr v. with Syrupe of Lemmons make it up into a Confection The COMMENTARY Neotericks invented this Confection which the Mompelian Medicks who were first seen to usurp it had in much use It agrees onely nominally with that in the first Section of the greater Luminary which is denominated of Hyacinth under the authority of its Inventor Galen But whoever was the Author of this he hath selected the best Medicaments congested them in the best Method and Order and therefore I judge nothing changeable herein unless it be Ivory which I think were better crude then burnt
flux of humours and mitigates the heat of the ventricle and bowels CHAP. 6. Oleum Rosatum simplex ac vulgare or simple and vulgar Oyl of Roses â„ž of common Oyl washed lb ij ss Roses cut from their whites and bruised lb j. mingle them infolate them forty dayes then boyl them till the evaporation of the excrementitious humidity afterwards make a strong expression and the Oyl expressed keep for use The COMMENTARY This description of Oyl of Roses being the most simple and easie to make is most usual but they consult their own ease more then the diseased's sanity who will not make up any Medicament that hath to do with Art and Reason though it be never so easie And thus Apothecaries now adayes do who take any new Roses though but reddish and not exungulated and macerate them forthwith in Oyl exposing them to the Sun in a glass or figuline vessel by the space of two months or more afterwards when use calls for them they coct them with a little of the decoction or succe of Roses and express them and so repose the expression Simple Oyl of Roses hath like faculties with Omphacium Vires but weaker yet the greatest part of Apothecaries use it both alone and with other Medicaments and when a Medick for an inflammation prescribes an Oxyrrhodinum they take three parts of this Oyl and adde a fourth of Vinegar and so confect their Oxyrrhodinum or Vinegar of Roses CHAP. 7. Oleum Liliorum simplex or Simple Oyl of Lillies D. Mes â„ž of mature Oyl lb ij of the flowers of Lillies detracted from their yellow filaments lb ss or â„¥ vij ss macerate and insolate them and by iterating maceration and insolation let the Oyl be made as before described The COMMENTARY Mesue gives two descriptions of this Oyl the one whereof is simple which we here exhibit as better and more useful the other more composititious which we omit as useless All do not make this alike for some contenting themselves with the most simple preparation infuse insolate and express the flowers onely once others iterate all these thrice and adde a fourth part of the water of the decoction of Lillies to the Oyl which by slow coction they exhale and the Oyl thus made is most efficacious and fit to be reposed for use for by its ternal maceration insolation and expression it acquires more vertue It calefies moderately Vires resolves allayes dolours from what cause soever mitigates all acrimony and tempers all the ardours and dolours of the Breast Ventricle Reins Uterus and Bladder CHAP. 8. Oleum Nenupharinum or Oyl of Water-Lillies â„ž washed Oyl lb v. the flowers of Water-Lillies purged from their herbaceous part without their filaments within lb ij of the decoction of the same flowers lb j. and â„¥ iiij let these be reposed in a fit vessel insolated and expressed and this reiterated three times as before described The COMMENTARY This Oyl is made after the same manner with that of Violets The Oyl whether mature or immature must be first washed for Mesue gives neither definitively However the immature is more convenient and accommodate then the other in which the flowers of the white not luteous Water-Lilly must be macerated and infused for a Senate then must the whole be a little fervefied and expressed having before received one pound and three ounces of the water of the decoction of white Water-Lilly-flowers when all this is again iterated and the aqueous humidity exhaled by a slow fire the Oyl expressed is duly made and may be reposed for use But that the decoction which should be mixed therewith may be rightly taken four ounces of the flowers of white Water-Lillies must be cocted in a pound and an half of fountain-Fountain-water till three or four ounces thereof be dissipated and the colature hereof must be mixed to the maceration It refrigerates more then Oyl of Violets it conciliates sleep Vires allayes the heat of the Liver Reins and Bowels obtunds Venery hinders stiffness of the Yard and cures head-aches from a hot cause CHAP. 9. Oleum de Mentha or Oyl of Mint â„ž of Oyl lb ij ss Garden-Mint lb j. of the Juyce of the same â„¥ vij ss mingle them exhibit them to the Sun seven dayes afterwards pressed out and three times fresh Mint put in and the Oyl expressed preserved The COMMENTARY Some assume Omphacium to the confection of this Oyl that it may by its stypticity roborate the ventricle others take mature and complete Oyl that it may califie more and help concoction whence some call it Eustomachical Oyl Sative Mint should be selected crisp and green whose leaves should be tunded and macerated in Oyl and thrice changed according to the prescript Oyl of Mint calefies the cold Vires and roborates the imbecile ventricle it helps concoction stayes vomiting revokes appetite helps the nauseative stomack and discusses flatulency CHAP. 10. Oleum de Absynthio or Oyl of Wormwood â„ž of common Oyl lb v. Tops of Wormwood lb ij Juyce of the same lb j. and â„¥ iiij mingle them and macerate them as before prescribed The COMMENTARY This Oyl is of an uncertain Author and though it be described by many yet the proportion of the Wormwood to the Oyl is alwayes diverse some adding a very small quantity thereof others a very great one We following the excellent method of the Parisian Pharmacopoeans adde five parts of Oyl to two of VVormwood and a fourth part of its succe in proportion to the Oyl Some to make it more roborative would have Roses added to its confection but we think it better as described for VVormwood participates of stypticity especially the Pontian and vulgar If any would have it more astrictive he may when use calls for it mix a little Oyl of Myrtle or Roses with it It calefies and roborates Vires especially the ventricle it moves appetite cocts crude humours dissipates flatulency kills worms and takes away obstructions from a cold cause CHAP. 11. Oleum Anethinum Chamaemelinum or Oyl of Dill and Chamomile â„ž of common Oyl lb ij flowers of Chamomile or tops of Dill lb j. of the decoction of the same lb ss mingle them and insolate them for seven dayes and boyl them till the watry part be evaporated let this be repeated three or four times and afterwards kept for use The COMMENTARY As these two Oyls have the same faculties so the same manner of confection some dry the flowers of Chamomile a whole day in a place not exposed to the Sun neither defining the dosis of them nor of the Oyl Many take an equal weight of flowers and of their decoction and as much Oyl as will serve for their due maceration Some immerge onely one pound of flowers in five pounds of Oyl and insolate them about half a month in the Dog-dayes then express them and repose the expression But if the judication of the good or ill mixtion and preparation be despumed from the
put in a small Cucurbite coarctated with a capitel and so its aqueous liquor stills in S. Maries Bath and its pure Oyl remains in the bottome of the vessel which is again put into another Cucurbite circumcinged with accended fire that it may be better and more throughly purged It s colour is more or less red or white as its efficacy and calour is more or less moderate â„¥ iij. of Oyl may be elicited out of lb j. of rubefied Vitriol All the qualities of the Oyl of Vitriol are so intense Vires that it cannot be assumed alone but mixed with some water decoction or fit conserve and though it be exceeding hot yet a few drops thereof mixed with much water become acid and both grateful and useful to the Feverish It penetrates by its tenuity carries the water to remote parts removes obstructions arceates putretude recreates the bowels and conduces much to the Pestilence Epilepsie Palsey and Strangury It doth not infect the simple decoction of Roses but the Syrupe of Violets with a purpureous and elegant acid sapour for a few drops thereof cast into an ounce of the said Syrupe will make it from violaceous purpureous CHAP. 9. Oleum Sulphuris or Oyl of Sulphur LEt a broad dish be so supposited to a suspended Campana that their brims may be distant about three fingers and let a vessel containing Sulphur which hath not yet suffered fire be put in the bottome of the dish and accended and agitated with a red-hot Iron when that is absumed let more be set on and ignited as before that out of its copious vapour erected into the Campana a concrete oleous liquor may delabe into the dish Some take an equal quantity of Sulphur and Pumice or Flint-stone brayed and putting the mixture into a crooked Cucurbite adhibit it to a moderate fire and educe most excellent Oyl thence Oyl of Sulphur is educed many more wayes for some adde Spirit of VVine to pulverated Sulphur and accend them when the water is absumed they bray the Sulphur and mix sand with it including them in a Vial and eliciting Oyl by a slow fire Some adde Calx others Tartar and others Salt but that is best which is educed out of Sulphur solely and that next which is educed without these things The Oyl of Sulphur is not onely profitable for external applications as to deablate the teeth deleate cutaneous foedities Vires and cure venereous Ulcers but is also introsumed for the expulsion of such diseases as arise from flatulency or frigid crass and putrid matter it also much conduces in the Pestilence Epilepsie difficulty of breathing and many other affections of the Lungs if it be taken in water or some fit decoction it cures the tooth-ach if the dolorous tooth be but touch'd therewith It infects the infusion of Roses with its praetubrous colour if a few drops of it be injected thereinto CHAP. 10. Oleum Mellis or Oyl of Honey LEt a fit quantity of good Honey be injected into a Boccia with a third or fourth part of Sand then let a rostrated capitel be fitted on it and fire accended below it or else hot ashes or sand set about it that Oyl may be elicited Sand or brayed Flint-stones are mixed with the Honey in the eduction of its Oyl because else the whole Honey would ascend by the heat of the fire which should be luculent therefore the Cucurbite and Recipient vessel should be incrustated with clay and the rostrated capitel ever and anon covered with cold wet clothes The liquor that flows first is not the same with that that flows next for the first is as it were white water the second somewhat red and oleous they are sometimes kept a part for several uses but if they be mixed together the bath will segregate them by extilling the more aqueous and retaining the more oleous part It cures the Podagry and Wounds Vires it causes hair to grow well and thick and infects it with a red colour CHAP. 11. Oleum Cerae or Oyl of Wax LEt some quantity of odorate Virgin-wax be melted and mixed with a third part of brayed Flint-stones or sand purged from filth When the mixture is cold let it be put into a straight Ampulla covered with a rostrated capitel let its fire be at first slow afterwards more luculent that the Oyl may be educed We have selected this as the shortest and easiest of all those wayes by which this efficacious Oyl is educed yet if any would make it otherwise let him project the odorate liquefied wax into water eight or ten times alwayes agitating it with his hands and then put it in the Retort and educe its Oyl by fire or hot ashes Now if you would not have it so spisse for it is of the spissitude of Butter iterate its distillation twice or thrice and it will be liquid and fluxile An Oyl may be after the same manner educed out of the Gumme Elemni most accommodate for the cure of Wounds yea Oyl may after the same manner be educed out of Fat 's by the addition of brayed Flint Sand or broken Bricks CHAP. 12. Oleum Terebinthinae or Oyl of Turpentine THe Oyl of Turpentine may be drawn either in a straight or crooked Cucurbite with Sand purged from dust and a fire accended under it at first slow afterwards more valid The Oyl that comes first out is clear and tenuious the second more crass and aureous each should be reposed by it self Some adde to three pounds of Turpentine one handful of Salt and a little Aqua-vitae these confusedly mixed and included in a Boccia emit Oyl by the help of fire The Oyl of Turpentine is introsumed to cure Asthma Vires Empyema difficulty of breathing the Stone cholical dolour and frigid and flatulent affections It is externally adhibited to cure Nerves that are sautiated or labour under any distemper and to fill wounds with flesh agglutinate them and draw them to scars It extinguishes Quicksilver which is then good for the French Disease CHAP. 13. Oleum Caryophyllorum or Oyl of Cloves LEt a fit quantity of Cloves be macerated twelve hours or a whole day in Rain-water in a straight or retorted Boccia well occurated that nothing may expire then let the capitel be set on it and it moved with hot ashes to extil Oyl which may afterwards be sejoyned from the water This Oyl may also be easily educed by an Alembick of Copper artificially structed as also by descent like the Oyl of Guaiacum some adde a part of stillatitious wine to the Cloves It s excellent faculties make it a good substitute for Opobalsamum for being introsumed it recreates the principal parts and spirits arceates putretude dissipates flatulency opens the passages digests cold humours and dissipates melancholical succe extrinsecally adhibited it cures new wounds and old Ulcers it emends the corruption of bones and allayes Tooth-ach arising from a cold cause Oyl of Mace may be extilled after the same
are often made Apozemes if they be dissolved in the decoction of Plants or Juleps if in distilled waters they often also ingrede the confection of Eclegmes Opiates and Condites both that they may acquire better acceptation and vertue and also a consistency more convenient to our purpose Yet they are sometimes prescribed alone and unmixed especially such as must be assumed by licking by little and little to move flegme as all brown syrups as the syrup of Colts-foot the juice of Liccorish Maidens-haire Hyssop or of some such like which by reason of their sweetnesse coct the spittle Now syrups are made of the decoction of hearbs Materia Syruporum roots fruits seeds flowers or their juices and such like as may be well decocted and the matters to be decocted are so chosen as they may answer our intent whether it be to corroborate some part or mend some vitious humour or educe it thence we have such variety of syrups for they are composed to calefy refrigerate moisten dry open obstruct cut thicken and purge And the decoction of those things whereof Syrups are made Aqua optima quae ought to be in water either rain-water or fountain water or running water which is best because void of all qualities the quantity whereof must be answerable to the quantity and hardnes of the things cocted for such things as are harder as roots and wood can scarce be cocted save with much time and water without adustion And therefore the water must be augmented when simples are long to be cocted as also when they are too bitter The decoction strained and clarified is boyled again with an equall quantity of sugar or honey or both and sometimes with sweet wine as it will appear in our book called the Apothecaries Shop CHAP. III. Of Propomates THe Ancients according to Aëtius and Paulus Aët. cap. 30. cent 3. ser 1. Paul Aeg. c. 15. lib. 7. Propomata quid de remed called aâ—l drinks dulcorated with honey by the generall nâ—me Propomata for they scarce knowing sugar made all drinks pleasant to the palate with honey which we now make with sugar that they may be more sweet and pleasant yet some not for want of sugar are condited with honey both for the peculiar condition of the sapour and the attainment of those excellent qualities wherewith it abounds for honey besides that sweetness which it hath being most pleasant to the tongue is such an excellent conservative that many use it instead of salt for the Babylonians Dionys Areop Melle qui corpora condiebant in time past buried their dead bodyes in honey and Appius the Cook Herod in Thalia covered flesh with honey that he might preserve it without salt many things also condited and other Medicaments are dulcorated and confected with honey both that they may be more pleasant to the palate and also keep more safely without corruption and acquire more notable vertues Wherefore Galen Cap. 177 simpl Medic. writes well when he saith that honey may safely be mixed with all Antidotes For it is most sweet Cap. 11. lib. de alim and it produces most thin juice and being mixed with Medicaments it causes them to induce and keep better Paul cap. 14. lib. 7. de remed yet it is not equally wholesome to all for as Cap. 8. lib. 2. de fac nat it is good for old and cold men for it is noxious to such as are feaverish and young men especially chollerick because it is soon changed ingenders choller and becomes bitter in hot bodyes for if it be holden too long to the fire it will be bitter as also if it be kept too long Cap. 16. lib. 4. simpl for Galens father Cap. 11. l. 1. de Antidot Pater Galeni mel amarum babebat had a certain kind of honey as bitter as if it had been made in Pontus in that part where the Bees gather their honey from wormewood yet he saith it was Athenian honey and very good but that it became bitter by diuturnity of time Now Pliny Cap. 56. lib. 7. saith that one Aristaeus an Athenian first invented honey and the Curetes first taught the use thereof Mellis primus inventor though Ovid makes Bacchus the Author of it when he saith Liber inventi praemia mellis habet Furthermore many Medicaments are made of honey and also potions either more liquid called by Paulus sweet Potions as Hydromel that is watry and not enough boyled or more thick and longer boyled and insolated as Hydromel of wine as Oxymel and other Medicaments which are nominated from honey as the Medicamentall honeys of violets Anacardium R ses and such like Many Medicaments are comprehended under this name Hydromel as Muscadell Melicratum Hydromel of water and of wine simple and compound Quid hydromelitis nomine intelligendum yet none is so simple but it consists of honey and water as the name demonstrates but it is called simple to difference it from the more compound whereof many differences are described every where by the best Physicians as by Galen lib. de Dinamid and by Paulus lib. 7. de remed In the Confection of Hydromel In hydromelite qua mellis ad aquam proportio the proportion of honey to the water is various according to the various scope of the Physician the temper of the assumer For in Summer it is prescribed most watry as also to young men but in Winter and to old men and flegmaticke with a greater portion of wine or honey and it seemes good to our Ancients properly to call that Hydromel Hydromel vinosum which is not very watry but of wine and perfectly cocted for it seems to resemble in sapour and heat most noble Wine as that of Malmesey for it much excites spittle concocts flegmes cherishes naturall hear and roborates the stomack its genuine description and the manner of its making shall be handled in the shop divulged by us And although the rule of confecting Melicrated Mulsa Melicratum mulsa hydromel idem or Hydromell which differ onely in name not in substance be not one but various yet Mesue part 3. distinct 6. delivers the most vulgar and usuall rule to wir the admistion of eight pounds of water to one of honey which must be cocted together till froth cease to swim above which opinion the best Authors follow though many mixe with every pound of honey ten of water and sometimes twelve according to their various intentions Rusticks in Summer decoct the Loture of honey-combes Hydromel Rusticorum first strained and they despume it well and repose it in ample vessells and having hung a little lump of Leaven in the vessells they leave it for two or three dayes and then they drink it with great pleasure to expell thirst for this drink is sharp and sweet and most pleasant to their palates others boyle six pounds of honey in fifty pound of fountain-fountain-water and scum it well and then they
frequent junket for it is most gratefull to the gust and nourishes very much wherefore it is prescribed to the macilent and such persons as are vexed with any preternaturall affection in the breast or Lungs Many bechicall and sweet ingredients go to this confection as sugar pistack-nutts pine-kernells and other sweet fruits which brayed and accurately subacted with simple or rose-water become a masse whereof wafers or morsells Marcipanis quibus constet as Rondelet calls them are concinnated which are gently cocted in an Oven till of red they become yellow and acquire a competent hardnesse The vulgar manner of this confecture with the dulciaryes is most simple as being made onely of Almonds rose-water and sugar But Apothecaries by a Physicians advice adde something to these which hath respect to some one part which tempers some noxious humour and by its nutritive as well as Medicinall faculty preserves as well as resartiates sanity The most usuall and pleasant confection of Mazapane is this ℞ Sweet Almonds decorticated ℥ iij. Pistakes ℥ j. Marcipanis optimus bruise them very well in a morter with a little Rose-water add thereunto the finest sugar lb ss fiat pasta which you may make into what forme you please Marchepane after this manner is usuall also and very accomodate to expell flatuosity ℞ Pistakes ℥ j. blanched Almonds ℥ ij Anifeseedʒ i. Cinamon ℈ i. after they are finely beaten add of the finest loafe sugar four ounces and so make it up into a paste which if by too much water it be too liquid let it fervefy in a bason on a slow fire till it be more crasse then make Marchpane which dry a little in the Oven after bread hath been extracted Those little long masses of bread which are confected of flower and thrice or four times as much sugar with a little Coriander Panis biscoctus and a small portion of eggs subacted together may by some affinity be referred hither which they commonly call Biskakes But I would not put my sickle into another mans harvest therefore I will leave these sweet breads to the confectioners CHAP. XVIII Of Piniolates or Pignolates ANother kind of paste is made almost after the same manner which the Neotericks call Piniolate or Pignolate because it s made of Pine kernells cleansed and immerged in melted sugar and cocted to the consistency of condite sugar But that the Pine kernells may depose all their rancour they should be macerated a whole day or half at least in water and Rose-water should be dropt into the confection for so it will be more gratefull to the gust as also to the smell if a grain of Muske be mixed therewith as we see in many junketts which are set at the head of the table the most usuall forme of confecting pineolates is this ℞ Of the finest sugar dissolved and cocted in Rose water till it be about the consistency of an Electuary lb ss mingle with ℥ ii of Pine kernells infused in water for the space of twelve houres afterward stir them together with a spatula that the whole masse may be subigated in the end add mosch ℈ i. and so make a paste whereof you may make Cylinders which repose and exsiccate on a paper that they may grew harder CHAP. XIX Of Pandalea THere is another kind of solid paste called Pandaleon which is by Rondeletius prescribed to the affections of the breast and lungs for it consists of many things that attenuate and coct viscid humours and move expectoration and all Pandaleas seem to be bechicall nothing differing from pectorall Ecclegmes and syrups save in consistency nor from solid Electuaryes save in externall forme for they are compounded made and cocted after the same manner onely solid Electuaries are harder and are rolled out into quadrate or long figures and Pandaleas are kept whole in a woodden box as conserves in a glasse or earthen vessell and when use calls for them they are cut with a spoon or knife and a piece thereof given to be retained in the mouth like so much Alphenix or bechicall Tablets that it may melt and go down like a lohoch It hath the same consistency and is kept in the like vessells as those same sugared confections or comfitures usuall and frequent in Spain which they call Marmelades They are made commonly of some sweet powder and sugar perfectly concocted in some convenient water that they may concrete Some conserves are sometimes added and a little honey if need require and such a Pandalcon how ever displeasing it may be to some mens palate is very good and is thus confected ℞ Pul Diaireos Salomonis ʒ i. diatrag frigid ℈ ii powder of yellow Sanders ℈ i. sugar dissolved in Coltsfoot-water ℥ iiij fiat Pandaleon which keep in Marmalet Boxes Some also make a Pandalcon of Pine kernells or Almonds decorticated and brayed with sugar or honey thus ℞ Pine kernells well cleansed and bruised ℥ i. Penidees ℥ ss clarified honey as much as will suffice to make it up into a sollid paste or Pandalcon CHAP. XX. Of Hypoglottidian Medicaments commonly called sublingues THe cough and stinch of breadth molest all that are neere us seeing the cough affronts their ears and the stinch their noses now certain bechicall and Aromaticall pastilles will cure both affections which from their round and long forme which Apothecaries put them in and that same quality which is predominant in them whereby they expectorate the humour causing coughing are called bechicall from the manner of their use Hypoglottidian and from the odour which they acquire by Mosche Moschardine Medicaments They are very pleasant which are thus confected ℞ Of the finest sugar ℥ j. ss Penidees ℥ ss orrisʒ ss yellow Sanders Cinamon of each ℈ i. mosch ℈ ss with musiladg of Gum Thragants made in Rose water make them up into a paste of which forme any figure long round or what will lye most conveniently under the tongue The description is both easy and good ℞ Sugar of Roses ℥ ii sugar Candy ℥ i. starchʒ i. spec diacinamon diamisi and orris of each ℈ i. mace ℈ ss Zivet gr vi with the musiladge of Gum Thraganth made in Balme water fiant Hypoglottides CHAP. XXI Of Tables or Tabuletts TAbells pertaine to solid Electuaries yea they are very Electuaryes being confected of powders and sugar perfectly cocted that their consistency may be harder and they longer and more securely preserved without damage and impairement The like quantity of sugar is required in confecting tables Sacchari quantitas in tabellis as of honey in liquid electuaries and in both the quantity is augmented or substracted as the validity or imbecillity of the Electuaries faculty requires In purgative tables one dragm of powder must be put to an ounce of sugar duely cocted in water or other convenient liquour Portio Sacchari in tabellis purgantibus in roborative tables that they may be more gratefull to the palate more sugar is requisite as
two ounces of sugar to every dragm of powder I shall onely hint here a little of tables in this book since I have Cap. 11. lib. 3. at large discoursed not onely of liquid Electuaryes but solid also and tabells in the description of such Medicaments as may be long preserved Yet that I may suggest the formes of all Medicaments to him that would confect them I will adde some few receipts of roborative tabells as ℞ Cordiall Tabulets Spec. Elect. diamarg. frigid de Gemmis anaʒ ss powder of the bone in the heart of a Hart ℈ ss Spodium ℈ i. with sugar dissolved in Rose water ℥ iii. make them into Tabulets ofʒ i. orʒ ii weight take one of them every morning fasting Such as are rich and begin to recover from some long disease or are any way troubled with palpitations and swoundings let them get these tabells confected ℞ Pul. Aureae Alexandrinaeʒ ss diacinam hyacinthor smaragdor pearle finely powdered of each ℈ i. Monoceros horn and Bezoar stone of each ℈ ss with sugar dissolved in Rose water ℥ iiii make them into little Tabuletts Those tabells they call Manus Christi are reducible to this head which are nothing else but Sacharum rosatum either simple as the common or more compound which admitts of Pearls in its confection and is called Manus Christi perlata which is thus confected ℞ Manus Christi perlata Of the whitest sugar dissolved in Rose water and cocted till above the consistency of a syrup ℥ ii pearl finely powderedʒ i. fiant Tabella CHAP. XXII Of Powders BEsides those powders kept in shops for future uses whereof we have spoken elsewhere there many others which are made for present use as the digestive powder which helps the frigidity of the ventricle Pulvis digestivus and the imbecility of the coctive faculty being confected of such Medicaments as are stomachicall roborative help concoction and dispell flatuosity and it is thus made ℞ The seeds of Dill and Coriander prepared of eachʒ ii Orange pill Conditedʒ i ss Pulvis flatus discutiens Cinamonʒ i. Mace Cloves of eachʒ ss sugard Candy ℥ ii or iii. make of these a powder Another Powder also of eximious power and vertue to roborate the ventricle and parts addicted to sanguification and dissipate flatuosity is thus confected ℞ The seeds of sweet Fennell and Coriander Condited of eachʒ i ss Squinant Calomus aromatic an ʒ ss Dianisi Diamargar frigid and Diacinamon of each ℈ i. A crust of Bread well toasted ʒ ii sugar ℥ ii make them into a powder Cordiall and Alexiteriall powders that roborate the principall parts and faculties in malignant feavers may be thus confected ℞ The roots of Angelico Tormentill of eachʒ ss A Cordiall Powder Ligni Aloes ℈ i. Citron seeds and Cinamon of each ℈ ss the bone in the heart of a Hart burnt Ivory the best pearle of each ℈ i. Monoceros horne Bezoar stone of each ℈ ss Dictamusʒ ss sugar of Roses ℥ i ss make of them a powder which must be taken fasting or long after meat with the water of Scordium or Carduus or some distilled restrative or other convenient liquor There are also topicall powders which are applyed to solidate wounds and implete ulcers with flesh of which in their place THE SECOND SECTION Of such as are either ingested or injected CHAP. I. Of Errhins ALL Medicaments are either assumed ingested or applyed Juleps Apozemes Syrups and all such as enter only at the mouth whereof we have before treated are assumed Errhins Suppositories and Clysters are ingested Unguents Salves Fomentations and many more whereof we shall now treat in order are applyed we begin with such as ingrede the body but not at the mouth but the nose privy parts or fundament and have their egresse where they made their ingresse Those which are immitted at the nose are thence called Errhins and vulgarly Nasalia those which are exhibited at the nose to purge the head are thence commonly called caputpurgia by the suffrage of Chyrurgicall Medicks They are constituted of Medicaments indued with a sharp and exterging faculty whereby the expulsive faculty being more validly excited moves and expells the humour lodged in the brain such as be the qualities of Bete Sow-bread wild Cucumber and the juice of Marjoram as also the powder of Euphorbium Hellebore and Pepper and of such like sharp Medicaments which snuffed up the nostrills move sternutation and purge the brain some also consist of astrictive and agglutinative Medicaments as those which are prescribed to stay a bloody flux They are given in divers formes either liquid which must be attracted by the nose or solid which must be ingested into the nostrills or pulverall which must be snuffed up A liquid Errhin is thus confected ℞ A l'quid Errhine Of the juice of the root of Beet and the leaves of majoran of each ℥ i. of the juice of Brank ursine and Sow-bread of each ℥ ss fiat Errhinum let a portion of it as ℥ ss be attracted in the morning up your nose again and again still keeping water in your mouth least the Errhin from the nose flowinto your mouth Some are given in forme of an unguent which they daub on the interiour part of the nostrills and they are good for such as are troubled with continuall headache with bad eyes Epilepsy and dulnesse of smell their bodyes bring first duely purged and they are made thus ℞ Of wild Cucumber Pellitory of each ℈ j. white Pepper An Erhine in the form of an Unguent Carpesium or Cubebs and stavesacre of each ʒ ss with a little oil of orris and wax make it up into a liniment A solid Errhine to stay the bleeding of ones nose is thus made ℞ Bole-Armenick Draggons blood of eachʒ j. Roses Balaustians of eachʒ ss and with a little whites of eggs well beaten make them up into the Consistency of a sollid Errhin or immerge therein a little Hares down or cotten and make it like a tent to be put up the nose in a pyramidall forme to which annexe a thread that you may extract it at your pleasure Ptarmicall or neezing powder when it s used for Errhins is thus described ℞ Hellibor both white and black of eachʒ i. Euphorbium ℈ ss dryed orrisʒ ss make of these a very fine powder let a small portion thereof be snuffed up the nose after a convenient Catharticke CHAP. II. Of Pessi or Pessaries BY the name Pessus or Pessarium we understand all those suppositoryes which are immitted into the privy parts which are by Hyppoerates called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as unguents plaisters roots or bruised hearbs and penicills but here they are taken for a long Medicament equalizing or exceeding the length and thicknesse of a finger which is intermitted into womens naturalls with a thread bound to it that being so far intruded it may be more commodiously extracted A Pessaryes forme should be pyramidall smooth round Pessorum
much commended the use of Scarlet cloth which is not approved of by the more recent because in its tincture it is infected with much Arsenick but I approve of it in poysonous diseases seeing poysons in such a case are often salutiferous CHAP. VII Of Lotion WE understand not by Lotion here a bath of cold water as Oribasius cap. 7. lib. 1. and Paulus cap. 51. lib. 1. do but the ablution of some particular member in some medicinal decoction to take away its filth correct its distemper digest its humour roborate its parts mitigate its dolour and to conciliate sleep This Decoction will by ablution of the head kill Lice ℞ Staves-acre ℥ ij Wormwood Tansy Betony A Lotion to kill lice the lesser Centanry of each m. ij Coloquintide seeds ℥ ss boyl them in a sufficient quantity of water till a third part be consumed and with a sponge wash his head This Lotion will denigrate the hairs of hoary heads which I prescribe to such old women as would not betray their age to their husbands by their whiteness ℞ The bark of Oke and Elm of each ℥ ij Galls ℥ ij the bark of Wallnuts lb. ss the leaves of the Pomegranate tree and Mirtle of each m. ss boyl them in a sufficient quantity of water adde thereunto Alume ℥ ij Vitriol ℥ j. after the Colature wash the hairs therewith letting it dry in the Sun Yet Galen cap. 1. lib. 1. de comp med loc professes that he never exhibited any thing to such as adorned themselves for their own or others delight for this were all one as to paint a Sepulcher In times past men washed their heads more frequently than now adayes which caused of late this Proverb Wash your head never feet seldome hands often This Lotion made of the decoction of such Simples will mitigate calour and soporate the senses will by ablution of the feet therein conciliate sleep ℞ Lettice m. iij. Betony Water-lillyes of each m. ij Poppy flowers A Lotion to wash the feet to cause rest m. j. boyl them in water and wash the feet therewith CHAP. VIII Of an Embroche or Aspersion BY Embrochation we mean the irrigation of some part affected with some Oil Decoction or Liquor accommodated to the cure of that distemper distilled thereon like rain and hence Embroche from the Greek word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to rain This Medicament according to Aetius cap. 172. ser 3. tetr 1. is used when bathing is for some circumstances prohibited And as it is the decoction of Poppy and Chamemile it conduces much to such as are infested with night-watches feavers and delirations Archigenes seeing his Master Agathinus to rave because of his long wakes freed him both from his deliry and wakings by irrigating his head with much hot Oil. These irrigations seem to differ from foments onely in this that they are distilled upon the part from on high the foments being onely applyed thereunto by sponges cloaths or in bags Now according to Oribasius Prigatio cap. 23. lib. 9. we use irrigation onely when some inflammation must be resolved or ulcer suppurated Aspersion but aspersion in washing the face and in hot feavers and that in Summer with cold water in Winter with warmer Yet in more simple Feavers as also in the subversion of the stomack we use water mixed with vinegar in aspersion We use aspersions also to cure eyes infested with fluxes by the decoction of Basil which is most efficacious subjecting a dry sponge under the chin lest the water run down to the breast An Embroche or Irrigation is compounded of Simples cocted in Wine Water Lees or Oil as this same for the Lethargy ℞ Embroche capitis Cyperus Calamus Aromaticus Orris Bay tree of each ℥ ss Sage Rosemary Penniroyal Calamint Staechados of each m. ss Squinant Coriander seed Cummin seed of eachʒ ij boyl these in three pints of water till the third part be consumed adde to the Colature Aqua vitae ℥ iij. besprinkle this on the head An Irrigation to conciliate sleep consists of Simples endued with quite contrary qualities and is thus made ℞ Lettice m. ij Water-lillyes white Roses of each m. j. Poppy flowers Betony of each m. ss boyl these and let the Colature be sprinkled on the head To Irrigation we may refer the Stillicide or Laver of medicated waters but it is not now our intention to treat thereof but will proceed CHAP. IX Of a Liniment ALiniment is of a middle consistency betwixt an Unguent and Oil being more liquid than an Unguent Linimenium quid and more crass than Oil for it admits of a very little Wax and Fat in its confection and therefore is not fluid without incalescence at the Fire or Sun Its basis is Oil whereunto sometimes is added a little of refinous Fat with Wax yet not so much but it still retains its soft consistency for a Liniment is nothing but a very soft Unguent to the confection whereof any Oil may be assumed so it be accommodated with faculties requisite to the intended scope And therefore almost every Liniment being paregorical and lenitive is confected either of simple Oil or of Oil of Almonds Violets or such like which will not excessively alter any temper as this same to abate the dolour of the side in a Pleurisy ℞ Oil of sweet Almonds ℥ ij ss fresh Butter ℥ j. Litus ad pleuritidem a little Wax to make it up into a Linctus anoint the side therewith Now to mitigate some dolour caused by a frigid humour some Oil must be assumed which is calid in the same degree that it may correct the humours distemper As on the contrary this Liniment made of refrigerating Oils will amend the distemper and asswage the dolour caused by a calid humour ℞ Oil of Water-lillyes ℥ ij ss Oil of Roses ℥ ss Waxʒ iij. Let them be melted for a Liniment ℞ Oil of Violets ℥ ii the musilidge of Marsh-mallow roots or Linsud ℥ i. a little Wax to make it a Liniment and apply it to the part affected This Liniment will mitigate a cold distemper ℞ Oil of Chamomile and Dill of each ℥ i. ss Ducks fat ℥ i. A Litus for a cold distemper Wax ʒ iii. let these be melted together and make a Liniment CHAP. X. Of Mucagines or Musliges BEcause there is often mention made of Mucagines which are either applyed alone or mixed with other Medicaments our Institution leads us now to speak a little thereof Now this Mucilage is efficacious in mollifying humectating and leniating some dolour as that same which is extracted from glutinous roots and seeds sometimes it digests and attracts as that same which is educed out of many gums The seeds of Line Foenugreek Mallows Quinces Flea-wort and Marsh-mallow roots as also their roots macerated in warm water are very mucaginous Figs also Gum Arabick Tragacanthum and Isinglass if they be a whole night infused in water or other liquor and the next