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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A13821	The historie of serpents. Or, The second booke of liuing creatures wherein is contained their diuine, naturall, and morall descriptions, with their liuely figures, names, conditions, kindes and natures of all venemous beasts: with their seuerall poysons and antidotes; their deepe hatred to mankind, and the wonderfull worke of God in their creation, and destruction. Necessary and profitable to all sorts of men: collected out of diuine scriptures, fathers, phylosophers, physitians, and poets: amplified with sundry accidentall histories, hierogliphicks, epigrams, emblems, and ænigmaticall obseruations. By Edvvard Topsell.	Topsell, Edward, 1572-1625?	1608 (1608)	STC 24124; ESTC S122051	444,728	331

and drunke with Wine Remedies of Diophantes against the bytings of Phalangies Take of Astrologe or hartwort 4. drams of Pelletorie of Spaine as much Pepper 2. drams Opium one dram make thereof Trochisces to the quantity of a Beane take two of them in a good draught of pure Wine Another more excellent Take of the seedes of wilde Rue Rocket-seede Styrax Sulphur viuum of either alike much sixe drammes of Castoreum two drammes commix them to make Trochisces as before with the bloud of a Creuish The dose is one scruple and a halfe in Wine Another Take of Myrrhe Castoreum and Styrax of either one dram Opium two drammes of Galbanum three drammes Smallage-seedes and Annise-seedes of either alike two ounces and a halfe Pepper thirty graines make them vppe with Wine so much as is sufficient Another Take of Myrrhe fiue ounces of Spiknard sixe drammes of the the flower of Iuncus Rotundus two drammes and a halfe Cassia foure drams Cynamon three drammes white Pepper one dramme and a halfe Frankinsence one dramme and halfe a scruple Costus one dramme make them vp with Atticke Hony The dose is the quantity of a Hasell-Nut to be taken either in Mulse or water Remedies out of Apollodorus TAke of wilde Comin two ounces and a halfe the bloud of a Sea-Tortoyce foure drammes the rennet of a Fawne or Hare three drammes the bloud of a Kid foure drams make them vp with the best Wine and reserue it to your vse The dose is the quantity of an Oliue in a draught of the best and purest Wine Another Take of the seedes of Trifolium Bituminosum of round Astrologe the seeds of wilde Rew the seedes of Ervum dryed in the Sunne of each alike 6. drams worke them with Wine and make Trochisces thereof euery one of them weighing foure drams The dose is one Trochisce Read more in Galan in his second booke De Antid where any man may finde many for the same purpose which he had gathered and selected from diuers Authours Out of Aetius and Paulus Aegeneta TAke of Sulphur Viuum and of Galbanum of either foure drammes of bitter Almonds excorticated one dramme of the Gumme called Benzoin foure drammes temper them in Wine and after their Maceration worke them vp with some Hony to be taken inwardly Being thus prepared it may likewise be applyed outwardly Another Take of Ameos two drammes roots of Floure-deluce one dram or else of Saint Iohns-wort or Trifolium Bituminosum drinke them out of Wine Or take of Annise-seedes wilde Carrets Comin Nigella Romana Pepper and Agaricke of either one dramme and drinke them Or take the leaues of the Cipres-tree or the Nuts beaten in Wine and three quarters of a pinte of the best Oyle and giue it to drinke And to this end they doe prescribe Bay-berries Scorpion-grasse wilde-Timbe Calamint Chamepytis either to be taken by themselues alone or with Rew and Pepper Asclepiades vsed these that follow Take of the seedes of Angelica and Calamint of eyther alike much and powned together to bee taken in sixe ounces of Wine oftentimes in a day Another Take of Benzoin the seedes of the wilde-Carret of dry Mintes and Spicknard a little quantity temper them vp with Vineger The dose is one dramme with pure water and Vineger mixed together about fiue or sixe ounces Another more excellent Take Garlicke and eate it and a bath made of the same with Wine and likewise al those Medicines which doe heale the bytings of Vipers are notable in these cases Paulus Aegineta commendendeth all these very highly and so dooth hee the seedes of Agnus Castus or the leaues of the White-Popler Out of Nicander TAke of the purest Turpentine that distilleth out of the Pine-tree and eate or drink it for this is a very effectuall medicine which as Bellonius reporteth he hath found to be true by experience Out of Auicenna THE fruite of the Mirtle-tree Doronicum Masticke Assa Faetida Dedder or With-wind and his root the Nut of India and white Bdellium drunke with wine Take of the rootes of Aristolochie rootes of Floure-deluce of Spicke Pellitory of Spaine the seedes of the wilde Carrot blacke Hellebor Commin the rootes of the true Daffadill of the fruite of the Carob-tree the leaues of Dates toppes of Pomgranates Cynamon of the iuyce of Rue Crai-fishes Styrax Opium and Carpobalsamum of eyther alike one ounce all of these being powdered make thereof Trochisces the weight of one dramme or foure scruples which is their dose Take also in Wine the decoction of the seedes of Trifolium Bituminosum Cipres-Nuts and the seedes of Smallage Besides let him drinke the graynes or fruite of the Pine-tree Comin of Aethiopia the leaues and rinde of the Plane-tree the seedes of Siler Montanum blacke and wilde Cicers the seeds of Nigella Sothern-wood and Dill Astrologe or Hartwort the fruite of the Tamariske tree for all these are very effectuall to cure the hurtes that come by byting of any venomous Spyder The iuyce also of wilde Lettice and of Houselike is excellent The decoction of Cypres Nuts beeing boyled especially with Cynamon the broath of Crai-fishes and of Goose-flesh and likewise the decoction of the rootes of Asparagus in Wine and water Another Take of Astrologe and Comin of each three drammes to be drunk in warme water an excellent and approoued antidote Take of the seeds of Git or Nigella tenne drammes Comin-seede Dancus-seede or wilde-Carret of either fiue drammes Spiknard Bay-berries round Aristolochie Carpobalsamum Cynamon roots of Gentian seedes of the Mountaine Siler and Smallage of euery one alike two drams make a confection with Hony The dose is the quantity of a Nut with old Wine A confection of Assa Take of Assa Faetida Myrrhe and leaues of Rue of euery one alike quantity temper them together with Hony The common is one dram or two at the most in Wine Certaine other selected Medicines out of Absyrtus Albucasis Lullus Rhazes and Ponzettus TAke of white Pepper thirty graynes drinke it often in a draught of old Wine Giue also the Hearbe Tymbe in Wine Absyrtus Let him drinke after it a Spoonefull of Wine distilled with Balme Lullus Take of dry Revv of Costus Horsemint Pelletory of Spayne Cardamomum of each alike of Assa Faetida a fourth part Honny so much as is sufficient commixe them The dose is the quantity of a Hasell Nut in drinke Albucasis The brayne of a Hen drunke vvith a little Pepper out of sweet Wine or Vineger and Water myxed together A notable Treacle or Antidote against the bytings of Phalangies or venomous Spyders Take of Tartarum six drammes of yellovv Sulphur eyght drammes Rue-seedes three drammes Castoreum and Rocket-seede of eyther tvvo drammes vvith the bloud of a Sea-Tortoyce make an Opiate The dose is tvvo drammes to bee taken in Wine Another Take of Pellitory of Spaine and the roote of the round Aristolochie of each one part of White Pepper halfe a part Horehouud foure parts temper them vp vvith Honny the dose that

head applyed doth cure for where the wound The helpe is also made as in Telephus sence Harmd by Larissus speare by it was cured found And Guil. Varignana saith deuide or cut a serpent and lay it vpon the place and it will mittigate the anguish and paine The seede of Thraspi and of Tithimal which is a kind of spurge is greatlie vsed for this Aut Tithimallus atrox vulnus quae tuta pervngat Some besides these doe put the roote of black Hellebor into the wound because it draweth out the poyson as I by mine owne experience can testifie saith Matthiolus There be also sundry Antidotes and preseruatiues which are taken inwardly that are very effectuall against the bytings of serpents and venomous beasts as namely that which is called Theriaca Andromachi or Methridate the like compositious Galen in his booke De Theriaca ad Pisonem preferreth Theriaca Andromachi before all other medicines either simple or compound for virulent wounds because it performeth that effect for which it is ministred For it was neuer as yet heard that euer any one perrished of any venomous hurt or byting who without any delay foorth-with dranke this medicine and if any man had taken it before he receiued any such dangerous hurt if he were set vppon and assailed by any poysonous creature it hath not lightlie been heard that hee hath dyed of the same There be many Antidotes described by the Ancients which they set downe to be admirable for these passions As for example that which Auicenna termeth Theriaca mirabilis whose composition is as followeth Take of Opium and of Myrrhe of eyther of them a dramme Pepper one dramme and a halfe the roote of Aristolechia longa and Rotunda of each of them three drammes Wine two drammes make them vp with Hony Rocket water so much as is sufficient for an Electuarie the quantitie to giue is foure scruples relented in some fit and conuenient decoction King Antiochus surnamed Magnus had a kinde of Theriaoa which hee vsed against all poysons which is described of Pliny in his 20 booke and last chapter in this wise Take of Wild-time Opopanax and the herbe called Gromell of each a like much two drammes Trifolie one dramme of the seedes of Dill Fennell Smallage Anise and Ameos of euery one alike sixe drammes of the meale of Orebus twelue drammes all these beeing powned and finely searsed must with wine a sufficient quantitie be made into Trochisces whereof euery one must weigh one dramme giue thereof one dram at a time in a draught of wine There is another Antidote and preseruatiue against any poyson described by Paulus Aegineta much like vnto this which is thus Take of Bryonie Opopanax of the roote of Iris Illirica and of the roote of Rosemarie and of Ginger of each of these three drammes of Aristolochia fiue drammes of the best Turpentine of wilde Rue of each three drams of the meale of Orobus two drammes make them into Torchisches with Wine euerie one weighing one scruple and a halfe or two scruples to be giuen also in wine Galen in his second booke De antidotis chapter 49. discourseth of a certaine Theriacall medicament called Zopyria antidotus so taking the name of one Zopyrus which was notable against all poysons bytings of venomous creeping creatures This Zopyrus in his Letters written vnto Mithridates sollicited him very much that he would make some experiment of his Antidote which as he put him in mind he might easily doe by causing any one that was alreadie condemned to die to drinke downe some poyson afore-hand then to take the Antidote or els first to receiue the Antidote after that to drinke some poyson And put him in remembrance to try it also in those that were wounded any maner of way by Serpents or those that were hurt by arrowes or Darts annoynted or poysoned by any destroying venime So all things being dispatched according to his praemonition the man notwithstanding the strength of the poyson was preserued safe sound by this alexipharmaticall medicine of Zopyrus Matthiolus in his Praeface vpon the sixth booke of Dioscorides entreating of Antidotes and preseruatiues from poyson saith that at length after long studie and trauaile he had found out an Antidote whose vertue was wonderfull and worthy admiration and it is a certaine quintessence extracted from many simples which hee setteth downe in the same place He saith it is of such force and efficacie that the quantitie of foure drammes being taken either by it selfe or with the like quantitie of some sweet-senting Wine or els with some distilled water which hath some naturall propertie to strengthen the hart if that anie person hath either been wounded or strooken of any venomous liuing thing that the patients life be therewith in danger so that he hath lost the vse of his tongue seeing for the most part all his other sences yet for all that by taking this his Quintessence it will recouer and raise him as it were out of a dead sleepe from sicknes to health to the great astonishment and admiration of the standers by They that desire to know the composition of this rare preseruatiue let them read it in the Author himselfe for it is too long and tedious to describe it at this time There be besides these compounds many simple Medicines which beeing taken inwardly doe performe the same effect as namelie the Thistle where-vppon Serenus hath these verses following Carduus et nondum doctis fullonibus aptus Ex illo radix tepido potatur in amni That is to say The roote of Teasill young for Fullers yet vnfit Drunke in warme-water venome out doth spit That Thistle which Qu. Serenus heere vnderstandeth is properly that plant which of the Greekes is called Scolymos Yet it is taken somtimes for other prickly plants of the same kind as for both the Chamaeleons Dipsacos or Labram veneris Spina alba Eryngium and some other But Dioscorides attributeth the chiefest vertue against poysons to the Thistles called Chamaeleon albus and to the Sea-thistle called Eryngium marinum which some call Sea-hull or Huluer for in his third booke and ninth chapter entreating of Chamaeleon albus hee saith thus The roote of it taken with Wine inwardly is as good as Treacle against any venime and in the 21 chapter of the same booke Eryngium is saith he taken to good purpose with some wine against the byting of venomous creatures or any poyson inwatdly taken And the same Serenus adscribeth the same vertue to the Harts curd or rennet as followeth Cervino ex foetu commixta coagula vino Sumantur quae res membris agit atra venena In English thus Wine mixt with rennet taken from a Hart So drunk doth venom from the members part He meaneth a young Hart beeing killed in the Dammes belly as Pliny affirmeth also the same in his 8. booke and 30 chapter in these words The chiefest remedie against the byting of Serpents is made of the

is to bee giuen is one dramme Another Take of the rootes of Capers the rootes of long Aristolochie or Hartwort Bay-berries rootes of Gentian of each a like quantity to bee taken in Wine or let him drinke Diassa with svveete strong Wine Comin and the seedes of Agnus Castus Another Take of the seedes of Nigella tenne drammes of Daucus and Comin-seedes of each alike fiue drammes seedes of wilde Rue and Cypres Nuttes of eyther three Drammes Spiknard Bay-berries round Astrologe Carpobalsamum Cynaomn the root of Gentian seeds of Trifolium Bituminosum and of Smallage-seede of either two drammes make a confection with Hony so much as is sufficient Giue the quantity of a Nut with old Wine Rhazes Out of Pliny Celsus and Scaliger IT is good to giue fiue Pismires to them that are bitten of any Phalangium or the seedes of Nigella Romana one dram or Mulberries with Hypocistis and Hony There is a secret vertue and hidden quality in the root of Parsely and of wilde Rue peculiarly against those hurts that Spiders infect by their venome The bloud of a Land-Tortoyce the iuyce of Origanum the roote of Behen Album Veruaine Cinquefoile all the sortes of Sengreene Cipres-roots the Iuie of Iuy roots being taken with some sweet Wine or water and Vineger mixed and boyled together are very speciall in this griefe Likewise two drams of Castoreum to prouoke vomiting being relented in some mulse Apollodorus one of the disciples of Democrates saith there is an herb called Crocides which if any Phalangium or other poisonous Spider do but touch presently they fal down dead and their poyson is so dulled and weakened as it can doe no hurt The leaues of the Bull-rush or Mat-rush which are next to the root being eaten are found to giue much help Pliny Take of Myrrhe of Vna Taminea which is the berry of the herb called Ampelos Agria being a kind of Bryony which windeth it selfe about trees and hedges like a vine of some called our Ladies seale of either alike and drink them in 3. quarters of a pinte of sod wine Item the rootes of Radish or of Darnell taken in Wine is very effectuall Celsus But the excellentest Antidote of all other is that which Scaliger describeth whom for his singular learning and deep conceit I may tearme Nostris orbis seculi ornamentum The forme whereof in this place I will prescribe you Take of the true and round Aristolochia of the best Mithredate of either one ounce Terra Sigillata halfe an ounce of those Flyes which are found to liue in the flower of the Herb called Napellus in number 18. iuyce of Citrons so much as is sufficient mixe them altogether For against this mischiefe of Spyders oragainst any other shrewd turnes grieuances or bytings of any Serpents whatsoeuer Are as yet neuer found out so effectuall a remedy or so notable an alexipharmacall Thus far Scaliger The iuyce of Apples being drunke and Endiue are the propper Bezoar against the venom of a Phalangie Petrus de Albano Thus much of inward now wil I proceed to generall outward medicaments and applications Fiue Spiders putrified in common Oyle applyed outwardly to the affected place are very good Ashes made of the dung of draught beasts tempered with vineger and vsed as an ointment or instead of vineger water and vineger boyled together and applyed as before are proued to be singuler Take of vineger 3. pints and a halfe Sulphur viuum two ounces mix them and foment bath or soke the wounded part with a Spunge dipped in the liquor or if the paine be a little asswaged with the fomentation then wash the place with a good quantity of Sea-water Some hold opinion that Achates which is a precious stone vvherein are represented diuers forms whereof some haue the nine masts some of Venus c. will heale all bitings of Phalangies and for this cause being brought out of India it is held at a very deere rate in this Country Pliny Ashes made of fig-tree-leaues adding to them some Salt and wine The roots of the wilde Panax being beaten to powder Aristolochie Barly Meale kneaded together and vvrought vp with vineger Water with hony and salt applyed outwardly for a fomentation The decoction of the herb Balme or the leaues of it being brought to the forme of a Pultes and applyed but we must not forget to vse warme bathes and sometimes to the place agrieued Pliny Cut the vaines that appeare vnder the tongue rubbing and chafing the swelled places with Salt and good store of Vineger then cause the patient to sweat carefully warily for feare of cold Vigetius Theophrastus saith that practitiones do highly commend the root of Panax Chironia Moysten the wound with Oile Garlike bruised Knot-grasse or Barly-meale and Bay-leaues with wine or with the dregs or Lees of wine or wilde Rue applyed in manner of a Cataplasme to the wounded place Nonus Take of Sulphur Vivum Galbanum of each alike 4. drams and a halfe of Euforbium halfe a dram Hasell-nuts excorticated two drams dissolue them and with wine make towardes the curation Flyes beaten to powder and applyed vpon the place affected The fish called a Barble cureth the bitings of any venomous Spider if being raw it be slit asunder in the middest and so applyed as Galen saith Annoint the whole body with a liquid Cerote and foment the place affected with Oyle wherein Trifolium Bituminosum hath beene infused or bath it often with Spongies soked in warme Vineger then prepare make ready cataplasmes of these Ingredients following that is of Knot-grasse Scala Caeli called Salomons-seale Leekes Cheesill or Branne decocted in Vineger Barley-Meale and Bay-berries and the leaues boyled in Wine and Hony Some doe also make Cataplasmes of Rue or herb-grace Goats dung tempered with wine Cypres Margerom and wilde Rue with Vineger An emplaster of Asclepiades Take of the seedes of wilde Rue and Rocket-seeds Stauesackre Rosemary-seedes Agnus-Castus Apples and Nuts or in stead of these two of the leaues of the Cipres-tree of each alike beate and temper them altogether with vineger hony Aetius Apply the decoction of Lupines vpon the affected place the eschar being first remoued then annoint it in the warme Sun-shine or against the fire with the fat of a Goose tempered with wilde Rue and Oyle or else of the pap of Barly and the broth of Lupines make a cataplasme Oribasius The Filberd-Nut that groweth in India healeth the bytings of the Phalangies Auicenna Goates dung dissolued with other conuenient Cataplasmes and Oyle of Worme-wood and the iuyce of Figs helpeth much Kiranides Apply oftentimes a cold peece of iron to the place Petrus de Albano Foment the place very often with the iuyce of the Herbe Plantine Hildegardis The artificiall Oyle of Balme is singular Euonimus A fomentation made of the leaues and stalkes of Imperatoria called Master-wort and continued a good space or else Veruaine bruised and stamped the iuyce being taken in wine and

this serpent is hissing although it be verie seldome heard And it is said that when Craesus vndertooke to wage vvarre with Cyrus the suburbes of Sardis vvere all filled with Adders which vvere deuoured aftervvard by horses in the pastures Whereat the King and people vvere not a little moued But the Priestes after consultation with the Oracle tolde them that it signified howe strangers should deuoite the people of that Cittie because that Adders were bred in those coastes therefore they tooke them to signifie naturall inhabitants and because horses came from other Countries therefore strangers as Cyrus and his souldiours should be thereby signified And this is to be noted that the enemies of this serpent are the same that are common to other and the Hart aboue all other beasts of the earth Yet this Serpent saith S. Ambrose will kill a Lyon runne away from a Hart. ¶ The Medicines arising out of this beast are briefely these The water wherein an Adder is preserued aliue is a remedy against the poyson of a Toade Also Adders or Vipers included in a pot with the scrapings of Vines and therein burnt to ashes do help the vvennes or Kings-euill And Pliny also affirmeth that if a man which hunteth Crocodils beate about him any part of the fatte of an Adder or the gall mixed vvith the herbe Potamigiton he cannot be hurt by that beast Serpents and Adders especially deafe Adders signifie vntepentant wicked men and also discord as the Poet describeth it vvhen Alecto sent a Serpent Snake or Adder to moue cōtention in the familie of Amata Libro 7. Aenead And thus much for the Adder OF THE AMMODYTE THis Serpent I call after the Greeke name Ammodytes an Ammodyte It is also found to be called Ammodyta and Cenchrias or rather Centrias or Centrites because of the hardnes of their tayles vvhich are also clouen on the vpper side The Italians call it Aspido del corno because it hath vpon the vpper chap a hard warte like a horne The head of this Serpent is longer greater then a Vipers head and her chappes vvider besides the late expressed difference vpon the vpper lippe and yet it may well be termed a kind of Viper It is Immanis fera a fierce wilde beast in length not aboue a cubite hauing diuers blacke spots vpon the skinne and certaine appearances of strakes or small lines vpon the backe The colour of the other parts is euer like the sand wherin it keepeth maketh abode according to these verses of Lucan Concolor exustis atque indiscretus arenis Ammodytes In English thus The Ammodyte indiscreete on the Land Doth hold the colour of the burning sand The Countries most of all annoyed with these Serpents are Lybia Italy and Illiria especially about Gortinium and the Mountaines of Lampidia Their harmes are not inferiour to the stinging and poyson of Aspes for Matthiolus writeth that hee hath knovvne some to die thereof vvithin three houres after the wound receiued And if they doe not dye within short time then doth the blood issue forth in abundant maner out of the hurt and the wound swelleth Afterward all is turned into matter and then followeth dulnes in the head and distraction in the mind they liue long which endure it three dayes and it was neuer knowne that any liued aboue seauen dayes this also beeing obserued that those that be hurt by a femall doe dye soonest For together with their byting they infuse a vehement payne which causeth swelling and the sore to runne I find the cure hereof in Aetius to be thus first of all Triacle must be giuen to the sicke person to drinke and also layd vpon the wound also drawing or attractiue playsters and such poultesses which are fit for running vlcers But first before the playsters scarifie all the places about the hurt and bind the vpper parts hard then launce the sore a little with a Pen-knife and let him drinke sweete water with Rungwort Gourdes Castoreum and Cassia Auicen prescribeth in the cure of these Serpents venorn Castoreum Cinnamon the roote of Centory of each two ounces with Wine and the roote of long Hartwort of Assoasier the iuyce of the roote Gentian And for emplaister Hony sod and dryed and so pounded the rootes of Pomgranats and Centory the seede of Flaxe and Lettuce and wilde Rew And so I conclude with Doctor Gesner Percussus ab Ammodyte festinet ad remedium sine quo nemo affugere He which is hurt by an Ammodyte let him make hast for a remedy without which neuer man escaped death OF THE ARGES AND ARGOLAE THere is mention in Galen and Hippocrates of a Serpent called Arges Now Arges signifieth in Greeke white swift idle ill mannered of this Serpent Hippocrates telleth this story There was saith he a young man drunke which lay asleepe vpon his backe in a certain house gaping Into this mans mouth entered a serpent called Arges the young man perceiuing it in his mouth striued to speake and cry but could not and so suddenly gnashing his teeth deuoured and swallowed downe the Serpent After which he was put to intollerable paines his hands stretching quiuering like as a mans that is hanged or strangled and in this sort he cast himselfe vp and downe and dyed It seemeth therefore that this Serpent hath his name from the sudden destruction he bringeth to the creatures it smiteth and therefore in auncient time we read that Mercury was called Argiphon for killing of Serpents THe Argolae are onely mentioned by Suidas for he saith that Alexander brought them to Alexandria from Arges cast them into the riuer to expell and deuour the Aspes where they continued a long time till the bones of the Prophet Ieremy were brought out of Egypt vnto Alexandria which slew them as the same Author writeth And thus much of these two kindes of Serpents OF ASPES IN Hebrewe as appeareth Deut. 32. the Aspe is called Pethen in Psal 58. Akschub in Isa 59. and Ier. 8. Zipheoni an Aspe or a Cockatrice worse then a Serpent The Arabians Hasyos and Hascos the Greekes Aspis the Italians Aspe and Aspide the Spaniardes Biuora the French Vnaspic the Germans Ein sclang genannt and the Latines Aspis About the notation or deriuation of this word there is some difference among Writers Aristophanes deriueth it from Alpha an intensiue Particle and Spizo which signifieth to extend either by reason of his sharpe-shrill hissing or for the length of his body Others deriue Aspis from Hios which signifieth venome or poyson therefore saith the Scripture The poyson of Aspes because that is a predominant poison The Latines call it Aspis quod venenum aspergit morsu bycause it sprinkleth abroad his poyson when it biteth Besides we read of Aspis a Buckler an Island in the Lycian Sea a Mountaine in Affrike and there is fashion of camping Souldiours in the fielde called Aspides The Epithets declaring the nature of this pestiferous Serpent are

from their furious malice The vertue of Mallowes and of Althea called Marsh-mallowe is notable against the prickings of Waspes For the softest and most emollient herbe is applyed as a contrary to a watlike and hurtfull creature whose iuyce beeing annoynted with oyle eyther abateth the rage of vvaspes or so blunteth and dulleth theyr sting that the paine is not very sharpe or byting Pliny lib 21. capit 171. And of the same mind is Auicen Waspes saith he will not come neere any man if he be annoynted with oyle and the iuyce of Mallowes For as a soft aunswere doth frangere iram and as the Graecians haue a saying Edus Megiston estin orges pharmakon logos So also in naturall Philosophy we see that hard thinges are quailed and their edge euen taken off with soft and suppling as yron with a fine small and soft feather the Adamant stone with blood and the stinge of vvaspes Hornets and Bees with oyle and Mallowes What is softer then a Caterpiller and yet if Aetius credite be of sufficience the same beeing beaten with oyle and annoynted vppon any part preserueth the same from the woundes and stinges of vvaspes And of the same vertue is the herbe called Balme being stamped and mixed with oyle The same symptomes or accidents doe follow the stinging of Waspes as of Bees but farre more painefull and of longer continuance to vvit rednesse intollerable paine Apostumes And if any be strooken of the Orenge or yellow coloured vvaspes especially in a sinowie or some sensible part there will followe a convulsion weakenes of the kees swounding yea sometimes death as before I haue touched Against the stingings of vvaspes diuers medicines are prescribed by Phisitions but I will speake of such onely as I haue made proofe of and such as are confirmed by long experience Gilbert the Englishman saith that vvaspes beeing bruised and applyed to the place affected doe cure their owne wounds very strangely The same vertue peraduenture not onely the Scorpion but the greater part of Insects haue if any one would make any dilligent tryall thereof If a man be stinged of any venomous vvaspes which is easily knowne by the blewnes of the place madnes rauing and fainting of the partie and coldnesse of the hands and feete after you haue giuen him inwardly some Alexipharmacall medicine the place agrieued must be launched or rather opened with a Cauterie so beeing thus enlarged and opened the venome must be well sucked out and the paring or shauing of that earth wherein the waspes build their nests must be wrought kneaded with Vineger and so applyed like a Cataplasme A plaister also made of VVillow-leaues Mallowes and the combe of waspes is verie medicinable for the same as by the counsell of Haly Abbas I haue experimented The English-Northerne-men doe prepare most excellent emplaister woorth gold against all stinges of waspes onely of that earth whereof their Ouens are made hauing vineger and the heads of Flyes commixed therewith Let the place be very well rubbed with the iuyce of Citrulls withall let the partie that is pained drinke of the seed of Margerom beaten to powder the quantity of two drammes or thus Take of the iuyce of Margerom two ounces of Bole Armony two drammes with the iuyce of vnripe Grapes so much as is sufficient make an emplaister Another Annoynt the place with the iuyce of Purcelane Beetes or sweet Wine and Oyle of Roses or with Cowes bloud or with the seedes of the Spirting or wilde Cucumber called Nolime tangere beaten with some VVine Thus farre Galen Barly Meale wrought vp with Vineger and the Milke or iuyce of a Fig-tree brine or Sea water are excellent for these griefes as Dioscorides lib. 8. Cap. 20. writeth if the wound be often fomented bathed or soked with any of them To drinke giue two drammes of the young and tender leaues of Bayes with harsh wine and if the part affected bee onely annointed with any of these they are much auaileable In like sort the decoction of Marsh-mallowes drunke with Vineger and water are much commended and outwardly salt with Calues fat Oyle of Bayes draweth out the poyson of VVaspes The leaues of Marsh-mallow as Aetius saith beeing bruised and applyed doe performe the same The iuyce of Rue or Balme about the quantity of two or three ounces drunke with wine and the leaues being chewed and laid on with Hony and Salt or with Vineger and Pitch do help much VVater-cresses Rosemarie with Barly meale and water with vineger sod together the iuyce of Iuy leaues Marigolds the bloud of an Owle all these are very affectuall against the stinging of waspes as Pliny lib. 31. Cap. 9. telleth vs. The buds of the wilde Palme-tree Endiue with the root and wilde Timbe being applyed playsterwise doe helpe the stinging of VVaspes After the vemine is drawne out by sucking the place effected must bee put into hot water the space of an houre and then suddenly they must be thrust into Vineger and brine and forthwith the paine will bee asswaged the tumour cease and the malice of the venemous humor cleane extinguished Rhazes saith that the leaues of Night-shade or of Sengreene do very much good in this case And in like sort Bole Armony with vineger and Champhire and nuts beaten with a little vineger and Castoreum Also take the Combe with Honny applying to the place and hold the grieued place neere the fire immediatly and laying vnder them a few ashes binde them hard forth-with the paine will bee swaged Serapio saith that Sauorie or Cresses applyed and the seed thereof taken in drinke and the iuyce of the lesser Centory mixt with wine are very meete to bee vsed in these griefes he also commendeth for the same purpose the leaues of Basill the Herb called Mercury and Mandrakes with Vineger Ardoynus is of opinion that if you take a little round ball of Snow and put it into the fundament the paine will cease especially that which proceedeth by waspes Let the place be annoynted with Vineger and Champhire or often fomented and bathed with Snow-water Take of Opium of the seed of Henbane and Champhire of each alike much and incorporate them with Rose water or the iuyce of VVillowes and laie it vppon the wounded place applying on the top of it a linnē cloth first throughly wetted in wine Iohannes Mesue who of some is called Euangelist a medicoram prescribeth this receipt of the iuyce of Sisimbrium two drammes and a halfe and with the iuyce of Tartcitrons make a potion The iuyce also of Spina Arabica and of Margerom are nothing inferiour to these forementioned Aaron would in this griefe haue water Lintells called by some Duckes meat to be stamped with vineger and after to be applyed Constantine assureth vs that Alcama tempered with Barley meale and vineger and so bound to the place as also Nuts leaues of vvall-nuts and Bleetes are very profitable in this passion Item

Toades both of the earth and of the water are venomous although it be held that the toades of the earth are more poysonfull then the toades of the water except those Toades of the water which doe receiue infection or poyson from the water for some waters are venomous But the toades of the Land which doe descend into the Marshes and so liue in both elements are most venomous and the hotter the Country is the more full are they of poyson The Women-witches of auncient time which killed by poysoning did much vse Toades in their confections which caused the Poet in his verses to write as followeth Occurrit Matrona potens quae molle Calenum Porrectura viro miscet sciente rubetam Which may be englished thus There came a rich Matron who mixed Calen wine With poyson of Toades to kill her spouse ô deadly crime And againe in another place Funus promittere patris nec volo nec possum Ranarum in viscera nunquam inspexi In English thus I can nor will of Fathers death a promise make For of Toades poyson I neuer yet a view did take When an Aspe hath eaten a Toade their byting is incurable and the Beares of Pamphylia and Sylitia beeing killed by men after that they haue eaten Salamanders or toades doe poyson their eaters We haue said already that a toade hath two liuers although both of them are corrupted yet the one of them is said to be full of poyson and the other to resist poyson The byting of a Toade although it be sildome yet it is venomous and causeth the body to swell and to breake eyther by Impostumation or otherwise against which is to be applyed common Antidotes as womens milke Triacle rootes of Seaholme and such other things The spettle also of Toades is venomous for if it fall vpon a man it causeth all his hayre to fall off from his head against this euill Par●●elsus prescribeth a plaister of earth mixed with the spettle of a man The common-people doe call that humour which commeth out of the buttocks of a Toade when she swelleth the vrine of a Toade and a man moystned with the same bepissed with a Toade but the best remedy for this euill is the 〈◊〉 of a woman 〈◊〉 as it resembleth the poyson in colour so doth it resist it in nature The bodies of toades ●…and so drunke in Wine after they be beaten to powder are a most strong poyson against which and all other such poyson of Toades it is good to take Plantine and blacke Hollybore Sea-crabs dryed to powder and drunke the stalkes of dogges-tongue the powder of the right-horne of a Hart the melt spleene and hart of a Toade Also certaine fishes called Shell-crabbes the blood of the Sea-Torteyse mixed with wine Cummin and the rennet of a Hare Also the blood of a Torteyse of the Land mixed with Barley-meale the quintessence of Triacle oyle of Scorpions all these things are very pretions against the poyson of Serpents and Toades We haue promised in the story of the Frogge to expresse in this place such remedies as the learned Phisitians haue obserued for the cure of the poyson of Frogges First therefore the poyson of the Frogge causeth swelling in the body depelleth the colour 〈◊〉 eth difficultie of breathing maketh the breath strong and an involuntary profusion of seede with a generall dulnes and restines of body for remedy whereof let the partie be inforced to vomit by drinking sweet-wine and two drams of the powder of the roote of Reedes or Cypresse Also he must be inforced to walking and running besides daily washing But if a Feauer follow the poyson or burning in the extremities let the vomit be of water and oyle or wine and pitch or let him drinke the blood of a Sea-Torteyse mixed with Cummine and the rennet of a Hare or els sweat in a Furnace or hote-house a long time besides many other such like remedies which euery Phisitian both by experience and reading is able to minister in cases of necessitie and therefore I will spare my further paines from expressing them in this place and passe on to the medicinall vertues of the Toade and so conclude this history We haue shewed already that the Toade is a cold creature and therefore the same sod in water and the body annoynted there-with causeth hayre to fall off from the members so annoynted There is a medicine much commended against the Gowte which is this Take sixe pound of the rootes of Wilde-cucumber sixe pound of sweet oyle of the marrow of Harts Turpentine and Waxe of eyther sixe ounces and sixe Toades aliue the which Toades must be bored through the foote and hanged by a thred in the oyle vntill they grow yellow then take them out of the oyle by the threds and put into the said oyle the slyced roote of Cucumber and there let it seeth vntill all the vertue be left in the oyle Afterwards melt the Waxe and Turpentine and then put them altogether in a glasse so vse them morning and euening against the Gowte Sciatica and paines of the sinewes it hath beene seene that they which haue lyen long sicke haue beene cured thereof and growne perfectly wel able to walke Some haue added vnto this medicine oyle of Saffron Opobalsamum blood of Torteyses oyle of Sabyne Swynes-greace Quicksiluer oyle of Bayes For the scabbes of horses they take a Toade killed in wine and water and so sodde in a brazen vessell and afterwards annoynt the horse with the liquour thereof It is also saide that Toades dryed in smoake or any peece of them carried about one in a lynnen-cloath doe stay the bleeding at the nose And this Fredericke the Duke of Saxonie was wont to practise in this maner he had euer a Toade pierced through with a peece of wood which Toade was dried in the smoake or shadow this he roled in a lynnen cloth and when hee came to a man bleeding at the nose he caused him to hold it fast in his hand vntill it waxed hote and then would the blood be stayed Whereof the Phisitians could neuer giue any reason except horrour and feare constrained the blood to runne into his proper place through feare of a beast so contrary to humane nature The powder also of a toade is said to haue the same vertue according to this verse Buff● vstus sistit naturae dote cruorem In English thus A Toade that is burned to Ashes and dust Stayes bleeding by gift of Nature iust The skinne of a Toade and shell of a Torteyse either burned or dryed to powder cureth the Fistulaes Some adde heere-vnto the roote of Laurell and henne-dunge salt oyle of Mallowes The eyes of the Toade are receiued in oyntment against the wormes of the belly And thus much shal suffice to haue spoken of the history of the toade forgs OF THE GREENE SERPENT IN Valois there are certaine Greene-serpents which of their colour are called Grunling and I take

a certaine stone in a Water-Snakes head which it casteth or ●omiteth vp when the skinne thereof is ●…eyed from the bodie and after it is so cast vp it must be receiued into a p●… of silke the vertue where of is to be prooued after this manner Fill a brasse caldron or kettle full of water and about the same vessell so filled ●…de this stone fast as it were to the handle or bayle therof and you shall find that euery day this stone so remaineth bound to the kettle that the water wil decrease eyghteene ounces And this Kiranides affirmeth that hee bound to a woman that had the Dropsie and she was thereby deliuered from her disease for euery day he found that her belly did fall the quantitie of foure fingers vntill it came to the naturall bignesse and then he tooke it off for he saith that if he had not then taken it off it would also haue dryed vp the natiue humidity In like sort the vertue of this stone is applyed against the rhume in the legges or any fluxe of the eyes eares or head but the vse of it must not exceede the quantitie of three houres at a time It also driueth out of the body all venomous wormes and is a special remedy against their byting and stinging This stone is also called Serpentinus and Draconit●s but it is questionable whether it be generated in the head of the Snake or by theyr vapourous breath concurring together in the Spring or Winter-season Some of these stones are sayd to be of a blewish-greene colour and the forme thereof pyramidall Albertus saith he hath seene one of them that was blacke and not lightsome onely about the edges of it there was some palenesse apparant and in the superficies or vpper part therof there was as he writeth a beautifull picture of a Snakes proportion and the vertue therof did put to flight venomous beasts and also eure theyr harmefull poysons Such like things we haue already shewed to be in the stone which the Toade is said to haue but this stone is more likely to be the Ophites for in the Castle of Tangra once the seate or habitation of Charles the fourth there is a Chappell wherein are many precious stones wrought in the vvalls and doores and among diuers other these Ophites But where as there is a pyramidall forme attributed to these stones I take it therefore that it is the same which Pliny calleth Glossapetra for in shew it resembleth the tongue of a Snake and the tongue of a Snake beeing great or broade at the roote and smaller toward the end or typpe thereof is rightly said to be of a pyramidall forme and among the Germans it is called by a peculiar word Naterzungen that is Snakes-tongue And such a kind of stone as this Snakes-tongue as Agricola and some other Authors vvriteth is found in a certaine earth neere Linuburgh in Saxonie And Conradus Gesner affirmeth that there is a certaine Towne in Germanie called Aenipon where there is one of these stones halfe a cubite long and therefore it seemeth that they are not all generated in Serpents or Snakes heads Among the French-men this stone is called Sugne because there be Serpents seene in it twyning their tayles together or folding them one within another There 〈…〉 wont to be a superstitious way to extract or expresse this stone from out of the Snake which was done in this manner First when they had taken the Snake aliue they did presently hang her vppe by the tayle then iust vnderneath her they did make a suffumigation of Laurell and so did coniure the Snake saying Per Dominum qui te creauit lapidem tuum quem in capite tenes te instanter eijcere iubeo This kind of enchaunting Charme I hold not worthy to be translated and yet let mee not be blamed for the relation of it seeing it is pertinent to this story to know all the good and euill about these Serpents And therefore not to expresse the same at all might argue in mee eyther ignoraunce or silly precisenesse and againe on the other side to make it vulgar might bring mee into suspition of some approbation therefore let the Reader know it from mee but vnderstand it from some other And for mine owne opinion I account no better of these Snake-stones then I doe of the Toade-stones concerning which I haue already giuen my opinion in another place And therefore what heere is related of this stone let it be examined and then be eyther receiued or refused Many and almost infinite are the Epithets which are giuen to Snakes whereby their nature is expressed as Aliger anguis the winged-snake blacke fierce blew greedy wild cold Gorgonean wreathen slyding deadly lightsome spotted martiall threatning purple wholsome scaly terrible winding grym swelling fearefull venomous greene infolded or implicite horrible hissing marsian maurian pestilent retorted and such other like as it hath pleased the seuerall Authours writing heereof to ascribe and attribute vnto it Which we will not prosecute with any explication but onely leaue them to the Readers pleasure beeing onely content to nominate them There is great account or reckoning made of their egges which they lay in the Sommer-time for first of all they are so glewed and conioyned together partly with the spettle and moystnes which proceedeth from their mouthes and partly with the spume and froath of their owne body that a man seeing their heapes would iudge them to be coupled together by some artificiall deuise These egges thus knotted together in bunches the Latines call Anguinum The Druides or auncient Wisards of England and Scotland haue deliuered that if the Snake hysse these will of their owne accord flye vppe into the ayre and then if some Wise-man take them by preuention before they touch the ground againe the Snakes will follow him as fast as any horse vntill he come to some Riuer into the which they dare not enter And the folly of these also proceeded so far that they were not a shamed to report that if one of these anguines or bunches of egges were tyed to a peece of gold it would swym in a Riuer against the streame These they cōmended vnto Princes and great men to carry about with them in the time of warres and other contentions and that therefore when a Romane Knight of Volontij was found by Claudius to carry one of these about him hee was by the Emperours commaundement put to death But to leaue vanities we will prosecute the true and naturall description of their egges in this manner They are round and soft in colour white cleauing as we haue alreadie said together in great bunches forty or fiftie or a hundred in a cluster without they are couered with a skinne or crust much harder whiter then the substance contained within it which is like matter or the rotten egges of a Henne or Ducke in quantitie as bigge as Bullis Plummes and sildome bigger beeing most commonly very round