the Liver oppressed that it cannot perfect the digestion and correcteth Choller and Flegm If you would have them purging put Honey in them instead of Sugar and if more laxative for Choller Rubarb for Flegm Turbith for Watery Humours Scammony but if more forcibly to bind use the unripe Quince with Roses and Acacia or Hipocistis and some torrefied Rubarb The Bay-tree THe Boughs of this Tree with Holly and Ivy are very comly to be set up about Pews in Churches also about several Rooms in Houses therefore vendible at Markets Vses Physical The Berries are very effectual against all Poison of Venemous Creatures as also against the Pestilence or other infectious diseases and therefore is put in sundry Treacles for that purpose seven of them given to a Woman in sore travail of Child-birth do cause a speedy Delivery and expel the After-birth and therefore not to be taken by such as have not gone out their aime lest they procure Abortment or cause labour too soon They wonderfully help all cold and rheumatick Distillations from the Brain to the Eyes Lungs or other parts A Bath of the Decoction of the Leaves and Berries is singular good for Women to sit in that are troubled with the Mother or the Diseases thereof or the stopping of their Courses or for the Diseases of the Bladder Pains in the Bowels by Wind and stopping of Urin. The Oil made of the Berries is very comfortable in all cold Griefs of the Joynts Nerves Arteries Stomach Belly or Womb and helpeth Palsies Convulsions Cramps Aches Trembling and Numness in any parts Weariness also and Pains that come by sore travelling all Griefs and Pains likewise proceeding from Wind either in the Head Stomach Back Belly or Womb by annointing the parts affected therewith A Decoction of equal parts of Bay-berries Cummin-seed Hysop Origanum and Euphorbium with some Honey doth wonderfully help Distillations and Rheums and setteth the Pallat of the Mouth into its place The Powder made into an Electuary with Hony doth help the Consumption Old Coughs Shortness of Breath and thin Rheumes also the Meagrim they mightily expel Wind and provoke Urin help the Mother and kill the Worms Thus have we given an account of the Vse and Vertues of all Trees and Shrubs planted within this Pleasant Land In the next place we shall give you the Vertues and Vse of those Roots and Herbs and only those that are most common and useful in a Family Alexander Vertues and Vse ALexander is a timely Pot-herb It warmeth a cold Stomach and openeth stoppings of the Liver and Spleen it helpeth the Strangury it is good to break Wind to provoke Vrin to move Womens Courses and to expel the After-birth if the herb be boyled in Wine or being bruised and taken in Wine The Seed is likewise effectual for all these things Alexander Potage is very good and wholsom food Asparagus Vertues and Vse THe Buds or young Shoots of this Plant are much sold and eaten in and about London The Shoots or Branches boyled in White-wine or Vinegar is prevalent for them that have Arteries loosned or are troubled with the Hip-gout or Sciatica and boiled in ordinary broth maketh the Belly soluble and open The Decoction of the Roots in White-wine and the Back and Belly bathed therewith or sitting therein as a Bath or kneeling or lying down in the same hath been found effectual against Pains in the Reins and Bladder Pains of the Mother and Chollick and no less effectual against stiff and benummed Sinews or those that are shrunk by Cramps and Convulsions and helpeth the Sciatica The Decoction of the Roots boyled in Wine and taken is good to clear the Sight and being taken fasting several Mornings together stirreth up bodily lust in Man or Woman The Buds or Branches boyled in ones ordinary Broth provoketh Urin being stopped it expelleth the Gravel and Stone out of the Kidneys Anniseeds Vertues and Vse ANnise-seeds are of an opening and cleansing quality therefore very effectual to break Wind and open Obstructions and are much used in Comfits Artichoaks Vertues and Vse ARrtichoaks are plentifull of fruit and much desired for they increase Sperm and procure bodily Lust. Angelica Vertues and Vse THe Stalks or Roots candied and eaten fasting are good Preservatives in time of Infection and at other times to warm and comfort a cold Stomach The Root also steeped in Vinegar and a little of that Vinegar taken sometimes fasting and the Root smelled unto is good for the same purpose The Root steeped in Wine and a Water distilled from the said Root in glass and two or three spoonfuls at a time easeth all Pains and Torments coming of Cold and Wind so as the Body be not bound and taken with some of the Root in Powder at the beginning helpeth the Plurisie as all other Diseases of the Lungs and Breast as Coughs Pthisick and and Shortness of Breath It helps Pains of the Chollick the Strangury and stopping of the Urin openeth the Stoppings of the Liver and Spleen The Decoction drunk before the Fit of an Ague that they may sweat if possible before the Fit come will in two or three times taking rid it quite away It helps digestion and is a Remedy for a Suâ—fit The Juice or the Water dropped or Tents wet therein and put into old filthy deep Vlcers or the Powder of the Root in want of either doth cleanse and cause them to heal quickly by covering the naked bones with flesh The Root taken in Powder to the weight of half a drachm at a time with some good Treacle in Carduus Water it doth resist Poison the Plague and all Epidemical Diseases if the party thereupon be laid to sweat in his Bed Alehoofe Vertues and Vse A Handful of the said Herb put into Drink that is thick with removing or any other accident it will clarifie it in a few hours and if tunn'd up with new Drink it will so clarifie it in a night that it will be the fitter to be drunk the next morning The Decoction of it in Wine drunk for some time together procureth ease unto them that are troubled with the Sciatica or Hip-gout as also the Gout in the Hands Knees or Feet The Juice boyled with a little Honey and Verdigrees doth wonderfully cleanse Fistula's Vlcers and stayeth the spreading and eating of Cancers and Vlcers The Decoction of Ground-Ivy in Wine and if you put to it some Honey and a little burnt Allum it is excellent good to gargle any sore Mouth or Throat and to wash Sores and Ulcers The Herb boyled and drunk is singular good for exulcerated Lungs and being drunk tunn'd up in Beer or Ale it in a short time easeth all griping Pains windy and chollerick Humors in the Stomach Spleen or Belly An Excellent Receit for Sore Eyes The Juice of Celandine Field-Daisies and Ground-Ivy clarified and a little fine Sugar dissolved therein and dropped into the eye is a soveraign Remedy for all the Pains Redness and
Pains also stayeth the Belly and Stomach from casting and easeth the pains and windiness of the Mother Endive Vertues and Vse A Syrup of the herb is a fine cooling Medicine for Fevers The Seed is available for Faintings Swounings and Passions of the Heart The Decoction of the Leaves or the Juice or the Distilled Water serveth well to cool the excessive heat in the Liver and Stomach and in the hot Fits of Agues and all other Inflammations in any parts of the Body This is also a very good Pot-herb Elecampane Vertues and Vse THe Roots and Herb beaten or bruised and put into new Ale or Beer and daily drunk cleare strengthen and quicken the sight of the Eyes wonderfully The Decoction of the Roots in Wine or the Juice taken therein killeth and driveth forth all manner of Worms in the Belly Stomach and Maw The dryed Root made into Powder and mixed with Sugar and taken is very effectual to warm a cold and windy Stomach or the pricking therein and stitches in the Sides caused by the Spleen and to help the Cough Shortness of Breath and Wheesing in the Lungs The fresh Roots preserved with Sugar or made into a Syrup or Conserve serveth to the same purposes The Root chewed fastneth loose Teeth and helpeth to keep them from putrefaction The Decoction of the Roots in Wine being drunk is good for those that are Bursten Eye-bright Vertues and Vse THe Juice of Eye-bright tunned up with strong Beer that it may work together or the Powder of the dryed herb mixed with Sugar a little Mace and Fennel-seeds and drunk or eaten in Broth or the said Powder made into an Electuary with Sugar doâ—h powerfully help and restore the Sight decayed by Age The Juice or Distilled Water of Eye-bright taken inwardly in White-wine or Broth or dropped into the Eyes for divers dayes together helpeth all Infirmities of the Eyes that causeth dimness of sight also helpeth a weak Brain and Memory Feaverfew Vertues and Vse THe Decoction of the Herb made with some Sugar or Hony put thereto is used with good success to help the Cough and stuffing of the Chest by Cold as also to cleanse the Reins and Bladder and help to expel the Stone in them The Herb boyled in White-wine and drunk cleanseth the Womb and expelleth the After-birth A Syrup of the Herb worketh the same effect The Powder of the Herb taken in Wine with some Oximel purgeth both Choller and Flegm and is available for those that are Short-winded and are troubled with Melancholly and Heaviness or Sadness of the Spirits This Herb is chiefly used for the Diseases of the Mother applyed outwardly or a Decoction of the Flowers in Wine with a little Nutmeg or Mace put therein and drunk often in a day Fumitory Vertues ' and Vse THe Juice of Fumitory and Docks mingled together with Vinegar and the places gently washed or wet therewith cureth all sorts of Scabs Wheals or Pushes on any part of the Bodyâ— The Juice or Syrup thereof or the Decoction made in Whey by it self with some other purging or opening Herbs and Roots to cause it to work the better is very effectual for the Liver and Spleen opening the Obstructions thereof and clarifying the Blood from faltish chollerick and adust humors and after the purging doth strengthen all the inward parts it is good also against the Yellow-Jaundice and spendeth it by Urin which it procureth in aboundance The Distilled Water of the Herb is also of good effect in the former Diseases and conduceth much against the Plague and Pestilence being taken with good Treacle The Powder of the dried Herb given for some time together cureth Melancholly but the Seed is strongest in operation for all the former Diseases Fennel Vertues and Vse THis is a very good Pot-herb or for Sallets and of good use to boyl with Fish for it consumes the Flegmatick humor which Fish most plentifully afford and annoy the Body by and therefore it is a most fit Herb for that purpose Fennel is also very good for Bees and is much used in dressing Hives for Swarms The Distilled Water of the whole Herb or the Juice dropped into the Eyes cleanseth them from Mists and Films that hinder the sight The Leaves or Seed boyled in Barley Water and drunk is good for Nurses to encrease their Milk and make it more wholsome for the Child The Roots are of most use in Physick-Drinks and Broths that are taken to cleanse the Blood to open Obstructions of the Liver and provoke Urin and amend the ill colour in the Face The Seed and the Root helpeth the painful and windy swellings of the Spleen and the Yellow-jaundice as also the Gout and Cramps Germander Vertues and Vse THe Decoction thereof taken for some dayes together driveth away and cureth both Tertian and Quartan Agues It is also good against all Diseases of the Brain as continual Head-ach Falling-sickness Melancholly Drowsiness and Dulness of spirit Convulsions and Palsies The Juice of the Leaves dropped into the Ears killeth the Worms in them Gromel Vertues and Vse THe Seed being bruised and boyled in White-wine or in Broth or the like or the Powder of the Seed taken therein Two drachms of the Seed in Powder taken with Womens Breast Milk is very effectual to procure a speedy Delivery to such Women as have sore pains in their Travail and cannot be delivered The Herb when the Seed is not to be had either boiled or the Juice thereof drunk is effectual to all the purposes aforesaid but not so powerful or speedy in operation It is an Herb of singular force as any other to break the Stone and avoid it and the Graveleither in the Reins or Bladder Goutwort Vertues and Vse THe very bearing of this Herb about one easeth the pains of the Gout and defends him that bears it from the disease therefore had not his Name for nothing but upon good experience is known to help the Cold-Gout and Sciatica as also Joynt-aches aud other cold Griefs Groundsel Vertues and Vse THis Herb is moist and somewhat cold withall thereby causing expulsion and repressing the heat caused by the motion of the internal parts in Purges and Vomits and is as gallant an universal Medicine for all Diseases coming of heat as the Sun shines upon The Juice taken in Drink or the Decoction of the Herb in Wine or Ale helpeth the pains in the Stomach proceeding of Choller It is good against the Jaundice and Falling-sickness being taken in Wine A drachm of the Juice given in Oximel is good to provoke Urin expelleth Gravel in the Reins or Kidneys It helpeth also the Sciatica Griping of the Belly and Chollick helpeth the defects of the Liver The Juice of the Herb or the Leaves and Flowers with some fine Frankincense in Powder used in wounds of the Body Nerves and Sinews doth singularly help to heal them The Distilled Water of the Herb performeth well all the aforesaid Cures Hysop Vertues and Vse
HYsop boyled with Figs is an excellent Medicine for the Quinsie or swelling in the Throat to wash and gargle it The green Herb bruised and a little Sugar put thereto doth quickly heal any Cut or green Wound and being taken either in a Syrup or licking Medicine it helpeth to expectorate tough Flegm and is effectual in all cold Griefs or Diseases of the Chest and Lungs Hysop boyled with Rue and Honey and drunk helpeth those that are troubled with Coughs Shortness of Breath Wheesings and Rheumatick Distillations upon the Lungs Taken with Oximel it purgeth gross humors by the Stool It helpeth those that have the Falling-sickness which way soever it be applyed Hops Vertues and Vse THe Decoction of the tops of Hops open Obstructions of the Liver and Spleen cleanseth the Blood loosens the Belly provokes Urin and cleanseth the Reins from Gravel A Syrup made of the Juice and Sugar cureth the yellow Jaundice easeth the Head-ach that comes of heat and tempereth the heat of the Liver and Stomach St. Johns wort Vertues and Vse THe Seed is much commended being drunk for forty dayes together to help the Sciatica the Falling-sickness and the Palsie The Decoction of the Herb and Flowers but of the Seed especially in Wine being drunk or the Seed made into Powder and drunk with the Juice of Knot-grass helpeth all manner of spitting and vomiting Blood be it by any Vein broken inwardly by bruises falls or howsoever the same helpeth those that are bitten or stung by any venemous Creature Two drachms of the Seed made into Powder and drunk in a little Broth doth gently expel Choller or congealed Blood in the Stomach Kidney-wort Vertues and Vse THe bruised Herb or the place bathed with the Juice or Distilled Water thereof healeth Pimples Redness the St. Anthonies Fire and other outward Heats and Inflammations The Juice or the Distilled Water being drunk is very effectual for all Inflammations and unnatural heats to cool a fainting hot Stomach or a hot Liver or the Bowels The said Water is available for the Dropsie and helpeth to break the Stone Liquoris Vertues and Vse THe Juice of Liquoris dissolved in Rose-water with some Gum Tragacanth is a fine licking Medicine for Hoarseness and Wheesings Liquoris boyled in fair Water with some Maiden-hair and Figs maketh a good Drink for those that have a dry Cough or Hoarseness Wheesings Shortness of Breath and for all Griefs of the Breast and Lungs Phthisick or Consumptions caused by the distillation of salt humors on them Lavender Vertues and Vse A Decoction made with the Flowers of Lavender Horehound Fennel and Asparagus Roots and a little Cinnamon is very profitably used to help the Falling-sickness and the giddiness or turning of the Brain to gargle the Mouth with the Decoction thereof is good against the Tooth-ach Two spoonfuls of the Distilled Water of the Flowers taken helpeth them that have lost their Voice as also the Tremblings and Passions of the Heart and Faintings and Swounings not only being drunk but applyed to the Temples or Nostrils to be smelt unto Lavender is of special good use for all the Griess of the Head and Bâ—ains that proceed of a cold cause Lettice Vertues and Vse THis is one of our good House-wifes Sallet-herbs but the use of them is forbiden to those that are short-winded or have any imperfection in their Lungs the best way of eating them is boyled The Juice of Lettice boyled with Oyl of Roses or mixed therewith and applyed to the Forehead and Temples procureth Sleep and easeth the Head-ach proceeding of an hot cause The Seed and Distilled Water of Lettice are as effectual as the Herb In all things Lettice being eaten helpeth Digestion loosens the Belly quenches Thirst encreases Milk in Nurses easeth griping Pains of the Stomach or Bowels that come of Choâ—ler Lovage Vertues and Vse THe Distilled Water of the Herb helpeth the Quinsie in the Throat and helpeth the Plurisie being drunk 3 or 4 times The Leaves bruised and fried with a little Hogs-Lard and laid hot to any Botch or Boil will quickly break it Half a drachm at a time of the dried Root in Powder taken in Wine doth wonderfully warm a cold stomach helping digestion and consuming all raw and superfluous moisture therein easeth all inward Gripings and Pains dissolveth Wind and resisteth Poison and Infection To drink the Decoction of the Herb is good for any sort of Ague Sweet-Marjerom Vertues and Vse THe Powder snuffed up into the Nose provoketh sneezing and thereby purgeth the Brain and chewed in the Mouth draweth forth much Flegm The Decoction of the Herb made with some Pellitory of Spain and Long Pepper or with a little of Acorus or Origanum being drunk is good for those that are beginning to fall into a Dropsie for those that cannot make water and against Pains and Torments in the Belly The Decoction of Marjerom being drunk helpeth all the Dâ—seases of the Chest which hinder the freeness of breathing and is also profitable for the Obstructions of the Liver and Spleen It helpeth the cold Griefs of the Womb and the windiness thereof Mint Vertues and Vse THe Decoction of the Herb gargled in the Mouth cureth the Gums and Mouth that is sore as also with Rue and Coriander causeth the Pallat of the Mouth that is down to return to his place the Decoction being held and gargled in the mouth it also mendeth an ill-savoured Breath the Powder of Mint being dryed and taken after meat helpeth digestion and those that are splenetick taken with Wine helpeth Women in their sore travail in Child-bearing it is good against the Gravel and Stone in the Kidneys and the Strangury it is a safe Medicine for the biting of a Mad Dog the Herb being bruised with salt and laid thereon being smell'd unto it is comfortable for the head and Memory Marigolds Vertues and Vse A Plaister made with the dry Flowers in Powder Hogs-grease Turpentine and Rozin and applyed to the Breast strengthens and succours the Heart infinitely in all Fevers The Flowers either green or dried are used much in Possets Broths and Drinks as a Comforter of the heart and spirits and to expel any malignant or pestilential quality which might annoy them Mustard Vertues and Vse THe Seed taken either by it self or with other things either in an Electuary or Drink doth mightily stir up bodily Lust and helpeth the Spleen and Pains in the Sides and Gnawing in the Bowels and used as a Gargle draweth up the Pallat of the mouth being fallen down The Distilled Water of the Herb when it is in flower is much used to drink inwardly to help in any Diseases aforesaid but outwardly also for Scabs Itch or other like infirmities The Decoction of the Seed made in Wine and drunk provoketh Urin and resisteth the force of Poison We shall add an excellent Receit or Medicine for Old People or Weak Stomachs Take of Mustard-seed a drachm Cinnamon as much and having beaten
the Plague Sage Rosemary Honey-suckles and Plantane boyled in Wine or Water with Honey and Allum put thereto is an excellent Gargle to wash sore Mouths and Throats Cankers or the secret parts of Man or Woman A Medicine or Pills much commended for those that are in a Consumption Take of Spicknard and Ginger of each two drachms of the Seed of Sage toasted at the fire eight drachms of long-Pepper twelve drachms all these being brought into fine Powder put thereto so much Juice of Sage as may make them into a Mass for Pâ—lls taking a drachm of them every Morning fasting and so likewise at night drinking a little pure water after them It helpeth also the Falling-sickness the Lethargy the Palsie and all Defluxions of Rheum from the Head and for the diseases of the Chest or Breast also all pains of the Head and Joynts that come of cold Winter and Summer Savory Vertues and Vse THe Conserves and Syrups of these Herbs are a very good Remedy against the Chollick and Iliack passions expelling Wind in the Stomach and Bowels also it is a present help for the rising of the Mother procured by wind it cutteth tough Flegm in the Chest and Lungs and helpeth to expectorate it the more easily The Herbs are both of them hot and dry but the Summer Savory is more effectual to all the purposes aforesaid they are both of them very good Pot-herbs Saffron Vertues and Vse THis Herb is a very good Cordial and a notable expulsive Medicine against Epidemical Diseases as Pestilence Small-Pox and Measles an excellent Remedy for the Yellow-Jaundice it quickens the Brain helps difficulty of breathing Consumption of the Lungs and exceedingly strengthens the Heart but let not above ten grains of the dried Flowers be given at one time for an immoderate quantity may hurt the heart instead of helping it Scurvy-grass Vertues and Vse THe Herb tunned up in new Drink either by it self or with other things openth Obstructions evacuateth cold clammy and flegmatick humors both from the Liver and Spleen wasting and consuming both the swelling and hardness thereof The Juice of Dutch Scurvey-grass if to be had or else the English drunk in the Spring every morning fasting in a Cup of Drink or the Decoction thereof drunk is effectual for all the Diseases before mentioned also to purge and cleanse the Blood the Liver and the Spleen and especially for those that have the Scurvey Sorrel Vertues and Vse THe Roots of Sorrel in a Decoction or in Powder is good in all hot Diseases to cool any inflammation and heat of blood in Agues pestilential or cholletick or other Sicknesses and Faintings rising from heat and to quench Thirst and procure an Appetite in fainting or decayed Stomachs A Syrup made with the Juice of Sorrel and Fumitory is a soveraign help to kill those sharp humors that cause the Itch the Decoction of the Flowers made with Wine and drunck helpeth the Black Jaundice as also the inward Ulcers of the Body and Bowels The Seed and Herb is effectual in all the causes aforesaid Wood-sorrel serveth to all the purposes that the other or Garden Sorrel doth and more effectually Smallage Vertues and Vse THe Juice of this Herb taken but especially if made into a Syrup openeth obstructions of the Liver and Spleen rarifieth thick Flegm and cleanseth it and the blood and is singular good against the Yellow-Jaundice The Juice put to Hony of Roses and Barley-water is very good to gargle the Mouth and Throat of those that have Sores and Ulcers in them and healeth all other foul Ulcers and Cankers elsewhere if washed therewith The Decoction of the Root in Wine or the Juice thereof taken in Wine is held to be stronger in operation than the Herb to all the purposes aforesaid Smallage Potage eaten in the Spring is very effectual to purge and cleanse the Blood Succory Vertues and Vse THe Distilled Water of the Herb and Flowers is especial good for hot Stomachs and in Agues either Pestilential or of Long continuance for Swounings and Passions of the Heart for the Heat and Head-ach in Children A Decoction made in Wine and drunk or a drachm of the Seed in Powder drunk in Wine before the Fit of an Ague helpeth to drive it away A handful of the Leaves or Roots boyled in Wine or Water and a draught thereof drunk fasting driveth forth cholerick and flegmatick humors openeth obstructions of the Liver Gall and Spleen helpeth the Yellow Jaundice the heat of the Reins and of the Urin also the Dropsie English Tobacco Vertues and Vse THe Herb bruised and applyed to the place grieved with the Kings Evil helpeth it effectually in nine or ten dayes it also cureth any fresh wound or cut and the Juice put into old sores both cleanseth and healeth them The Juice made into a Syrup or the Distilled Water of the Herb drunk with some Sugar or the Smoke taken by a Pipe but only fasting The same helpeth to expel Worms in the Stomach and Belly and to ease the pains in the Head and the griping pains in the Bowels It is good to provoke Urin and expel Gravel and the Stone in the Kidneys also to expel Windiness and other Humors which cause the Strangurie or the Mother Tansie Vertues and Vse THe Herb bruised and often smelled unto as also applied to the Navil is very profitable for such Women as are given to miscarry in Child-bearing or the Herb boiled in ordinary Beer and the Decoction drunk doth the like let those Women that desire Children make use of this Herb for if their Womb be not as they would have it this Decoction will make it as it should be The Decoction or the Juice drunk in Wine helpeth the Strangury and those that have weak Reins and Kidneys it also expels wind in the Stomach Belly or Bowels and is good to procuâ—e Womens Courses A Tansie made with the Herb and Eggs helpeth to digest and carry downward those bad humors that trouble the stomach Violets Vertues and Vse THe Syrup of Violets is effectual in the Plurisie and all Diseases of the Lungs to lenifie the sharpness of hot Rheums and the hoarsness of the Throat the heat also and sharpness of Urin and all pains of the Back Reins and Bladder it is good also for the Liver and Jaundice and to cool the heat and quench the thirst in hot Agues and if a little of the Juice of Lemmons be put to it or a few drops of the Oyl of Vitriol it is made thereby the more powerful to cool the heat and quench the thirst A Decoction of the Leaves or Flowers made with Water or Wine and drunk or to ayply them Poultis wise to the grieved place easeth the pains also the pains in the Head A drachm weight of the dried Leaves of the Flowers of Violets taken in Wine or any other Drink a draught in a morning fasting doth strongly purge the Body of cholerick humors and asswageth the
against pestilential and hot burning Fevers it cooleth the heat of the liver and breaketh the stone The Decoction of Acorns and the Bark made in Milk and taken resisteth the force of poysonous Herbs and Medicines The Beech. THe Timber of this Tree is used about Keels of Ships also Quarters for building houses Fellows and Spokes for Cart-wheels and all sort of Joynery ware also many Implements of Husbandry and firing The seed called Beech-mast is very good feeding for Swine to make them Porkers and for Bacon also good food for the Deer Wild Peacocks Turkies Ducks and other Fowl The Vses Physical The Water found in the hollow places of decaying Beeches will cure both Man and Beast of any Scurff Scab or Running Teters if washed therewith the Leaves of the Beech are cooling and binding and therefore good to be laid to hot swellings to discuss them you may boyl the Leaves into a Poultis or make an Ointment of them when time of year serves The Chesnut-tree THis Timber is very serviceable for building it being of very long lasting also very good for Hoops and Hop-poles Turnery ware and Joyners These Nuts are vendible at Markets also special food to fat Hogs and for feeding of Deeâ— Peacocks Turkies and other Fowl and may be used in the Family being well boyled or rosted in the fire The Walnut-tree THe Timber is very usefull for Joyners and Turners c. These Nuts are vendible in Markets and will serve to crack in the house being distributed among the Servants the overplus may be given to the Swine for they will make very good Bacon The Vses Physical The Bark and Leaves of the Tree being taken young do bind and dry and taken with sweet wine they move the belly downwards but being old they grieve the stomach in hot Bodies cause choller and head-ach The Kernels being taken with Juniper Berries Rue Figs and a little Salt in a Morning fasting is an Antidote against any poison or infection but when the Kernels grow old they are more oily and are not fit to be eaten but are then used to heal wounds of the sinews Gangrenes and Carbuncles the said Kernels being burned are very astringent and being taken in Red-wine will stay the Hasks and Womens Courses and being mixed with Oyl and Wine the head being annointed therewith will stay the falling of the hair The Kernels being beaten with Rue and VVine helpeth the Quinsie the Oyl that is pressed out of the Kernels is very profitable taken inward like Oyl of Almonds To help the Chollick and expel VVind an ounce or two thereof may be taken at a time The distilled Water of the green husk before they be half ripe and drunk an ounce or two at a time is of excellent use to cool the heat of Agues also to resist the Infection of the Plague and if some of the said Water be applyed to the Sores it will work more effectually The Distilled Water of the green husk being ripe and when they are shelled from the Nuts and drunk with a little Vinegar is very good for those that are infected with the Plague so as before the taking thereof a vein be opened the said Water is also very good against the Quinsie being gargled and bathed therewith and helpeth the deafness and pains in the ears The Distilled Water of young green leaves in the end of May is a singular Cure for foul running Vlcers and Sores being bathed therewith The young green Nuts taken before they be half ripe and preserved with sugar are very good for those that have weak stomachs or Defluxions thereon The next that follows are the Plants planted in the Groves The Ash. THese Plants being young are very useful for making Hoops and Hop-poles and when they are grown to Timber they will serve for several sorts of Coopers Ware and other Necessaries and Firing The Vses Physical The Distilled Water of the young tender tops and the leaves of the Ash being taken a small quantity every morning is a singular Medicine for those that are subject to the Dropsie or to abate the greatness of those that are too gross or fat The ashes of the Bark made into Lye will cure those heads that are leprous scabby or scald if bathed therewith The decoction of the leaves in White-wine cureth the Jaundice and helpeth to break the Stone and expel it The Kernel within the husks commonly called Ashen-keys prevaileth against stitches and pains in the Sides proceeding of Wind and avoideth away the Stone by provoking uâ—in The Withey THese Plants are very useful for making Hoops and Hop-poles when they are young and when they are grown great they will serve for several Implements of Husbandry also Firing The Vses Physical The Decoction of the leaves bark and seed of the Withey being drunk in Wine helpeth to stay thin hot sharp salt distillations from the head upon the Lungs causing a Consumption The Leaves bruised with some Pepper and drunk in Wine much helpeth the Wind-Collick The Water gathered from the Withey when it flowreth by slitting the Bark and setting a Vessel to receive it is very good for dimness of sight taking away the films that grow over the eyes it also stays Rhumes that fall into them and clear the face and skin from spots and discolourings The Flowers and Bark being boyled in White-wine wine and drunk a good quantity for you cannot well drink too much it being a very cool tree is a Medicine that hath an admirable faculty in drying up humors The burnt ashes of the Bâ—rk being mixed with Vinegar taketh away Warts Corns and superfluous flesh being applyed to the place The Hazel Nut and Filbud-trees THese Nut Plants at 8 years growth will make very good smart hoops also there will be besides the hoops many Rods very useful to make hurdles for Sheep-pens breading walls and such like The Nuts and Filbuds are good Marketable Ware and these Nuts mixed with the Walnuts and Chesnuts will feed Hogs wonderfully and make better Bacon than that called Westphalia The Vses Physical The dryed husks and shels of the Hazel Nut to the weight of 2 drachmes taken in Red-wine stayeth Lasks and womens Courses The Milk drawn from the kernels or the parched kernels made into an Electuary with Mead or Honied water is very good to help an old Cough The Kernels being parched and a little Pepper put to them and drunk digest the distillations of the Rheume from the head therefore the opinion of those that say that Nuts cause shortness of breath is most false for how can that which strengthens the Lungs cause shortness of breath The Barberry-bush THese Berries are vendible at Markets also the Syrops Conserves and Preserves of the said Berries are of great use in a Family therefore they ought to be ready in the house upon all occasions The Vses Physical The Fruit and Rind of the Shrub with the Flowers of Broom and Heath and Furs cleanse the body of Choller the Berries get
a man a good stomach to his victuals by strengthening the attractive faculty the inner Rind of the Barberry-tree boyled in VVhite-wine and a quarter of a pint drunk each morning doth cleanse the body of Chollerick humors and free it from such Diseases as choller causeth such are Scabs Itches Tetters Ring-worms Yellow-Jaundice Boils c. It is excellent for hot Agues Burnings Scaldings heat of the Blood heat of the Lâ—ver Bloodiflux the Berries are as good as the Bark and more pleasing they may be kept all the year being made into Conserves Preserves c. The Blackberry Bush. THese Berries are good for young Turkies Peacocks and many other Poultry The Vses Physical The Berries or the Flowers are a powerful Remedy against the poyson of the most venemous Serpents as well drunk as outwardly applyed helpeth the Sores of the fundament and the Piles but the flower and fruit unripe are very binding and so profitable for the Bloody-flux or Lask and are a fit Remedy for spitting of blood the distilled water of the branches leaves and flowers or of the fruit is very pleasant in taste and very effectual in Fevers and hot distempers of the Body Head Eyes and other parts also do cure Ulcers Sores VVounds Bloody-flux Quinsie Either the Decoction or Powder of the Root being taken is good to break or drive forth Gravel and the Stone in the Reins and Kidneys the Leaves and Brambles as well green as dry are excellent good Lotions for Sores in the Mouth or Secret parts the Juice of the Berries mixed with the Juice of Mulberries do bind more effectually and help fretting and eating Sores and Ulcers wheresoever the Powder of the Leaves strewed on cankrous and running Ulcers doth wonderfully help to heal them the Leaves boiled in-Lye and the head washed therewith healeth the Itch and running sores thereof and maketh the hair black The Rasberry-Bush Vertues and use THese Berries do make wholsome VVine called Rasberry VVine The Conserves of Rasberries are very good against many distempers of the Body therefore useful to be kept in house all the year the Berries are very pleasant to eat with Cream or VVine the Syrop of the Berries is cooling and good for a sore mouth and throat and other diseases that come of heat also they are vendible at Markets and good food for the young Peacocks Turkies and other Poultry The Gooseberry-Bush Vertues and Vse BEsides the ordinary eating of them they are of good use preserved also baked in Pies or Tarts the overplus may be sold or given to the Swine and Poultry The Currant-Bush Vertues and Vse BEsides the ordinary spending of this fruit there are Syrrups Conserves and Preserves made of them very usefull in a Family what is not spent in the House or sold the little Birds will feed on and in their season you may feed on them so that it is but converting Currants into flesh and you may make a sufficient Improvmement of them Straberries THis is a cool Berry and very wholesome to eat in wine what is not spent in the Family or sold in Markets the Birds will be glad of The Uses Physical The Distilled water of the Berries is a soveraign Remedy and Cordial in the panting and beating of the heart and is good for the yellow Jaundice The Juice or VVater is singular good for hot inflamed eyes if dropped into them The Leaves and Roots boyled in Wine and Water and drunk do cool the Liver and Blood and asswage all Inflammations in the Reins and Bladder allayeth the heat and sharpness of the Urin stayeth the Bloody-flux and Womens Courses and helpeth the swelling of the Spleen The Berries when they are ripe are cold and moist therefore excellent to cool the Liver the Blood and Spleen or an hot chollerick Stomach also to refresh and comfort the fainting spirits and quench thirst they are good also for other Inflammations yet it is not amiss to refrain them in a Fever lest by their putrefying the Stomach they encrease the Fits The Juice or Water is of excellent use for all Pushes Wheals and other breaking forth of hot and sharp humors in the face and hands or other parts of the Body to bath them therewith Lotions and Gargles for sore Mouths or Vlcers therein or in the Privy parts or elsewhere are made with Roots and Leaves We shall here add a Receit or Medicine for Sore-eyes Take so many Strawberries as you shall think fitting and put them into a Distillatory or body of Glass fit for them which being well closed set it in a Bed of horse-dung for twelve or fourteen dayes and afterwards distill it carefully and keep it for your use We shall now proceed to the Orchards and Gardens The Service-tree THese Berries when they are ripe may be spent in the House and some of them sold and what is left Birds and Poultry will help you away with Uses Physical Services when they are mellow are fit to be taken to stay Fluxes Scowring and Costing but if they be dryed before they be mellow and kept all the year they may be used in Decoctions for the said purpose either to drink or to bath the parts requiring it and is profitable used in that manner to stay the bleeding of wounds and at the Mouth and Nose to be applyed to the forehead or nape of the Neck The Mulberry-tree THe Leaves of this Tree are the chiefest food for the Silk-worms and about that time the Leaves grow old and begin to fall then these Worms begin to spin and will require no more food and about the time the sap puts forth leaves again which will be about the next Spring following the said old Worms having laid many Eggs do die and the said Eggs produce young Worms to feed on the new or young leaves The Syrup or Conserves of the Berries are very useful in a Family therefore are to be kept in house all the year There is Wine also made of the Berries which will cheer and comfort the spirits The Uses Physical The Berries being ripe and eaten open the Belly and the unripe bind being dried they are good to stay Fluxes The juice or the syrup made of the juice of the ripe Berries helpeth all Inflammations and Sores in the Mouth Throat and Pallat of the Mouth when it is fallen down The leaves beaten with vinegar is good to lay on any place that is burnt with fire A Decoction made of the bark and leaves is good to wash the mouth and teeth when they ake if the root be a little slit or cut and a small hole made in the ground next thereunto in the Harvest time it will give out a certain juice which being hardned the next day is of good use to help the Tooth-ach to dissolve Knots and purge the Belly This Berry will also sell at Markets the overplus will feed the Swine and Poultry The Ch rry-tree CHerries will vent at most Markets and arise to a considerable profit if you
them to Powder and half as much Mastick in Powder and with Gum-Arabick dissolved in Rose-water make it up in Troches of which take about half a drachm weight an hour or two before Meals Motherwort Vertues and Vse THere is no better Herb to strengthen and drive melancholly Vapours from the heart and make a merry chearful blith soul than this herb it may be kept in Syrup or Conserve the Powder thereof to the quantity of a spoonful drunk in Wine is a wonderful help to Women in their sore Travails as also for the suffocation of the Mother it also cleanseth the Chest of cold Flegm and is of good use to dry up the cold humors to digest and disperse them that are settled in the Veins Joynts and Sinews of the Body Sweet-Maudlin Vertues and Vse THis Herb taken in Whey or the Decoction purgeth Choller and Flegm openeth Obstructions and healeth their evil effects and is a wonderful help to all sâ—rts of Day-Agues It is astringent to the Stomach and strengthneth the Liver and all other inward parts taken fasting in the Morning it is very profitable for the pains in the head that are continual it is an especial friend and help to evil weak and cold Livers and very profitable for those that are fallen into a continual evil disposition of the whole Body called Cachexia Mallows Vertues and Vse THe Roots and Seeds hereof boyled in Wine or Water is good for those that have Excoriations in the Guts or the Bloody-flux also for them that are troubled with Ruptures Cramps or Convulsions of the Sinews and boyled in White-wine for the Imposthumes of the Throat called the Kings-Evil and the Kernels that rise behind the Ears and Inflammations or Swellings in Womens Breasts The Juice of Mallows drunk in VVine or the Decoction of them therein doth help Vvomen to a speedy and easie Delivery and is special good for the Falling-sickness The Syrup and Conserve made of the Flowers are very effectual for the same Diseases and to open the Body being Costive the dried Roots boyled in Milk and drunk is special good for a Chine-cough The Marsh-Mallows are more effectual than the ordinary Onions Vertues and Vse TO eat Onions fasting with bread and salt hath been held with divers People a good Preservative against Infection being rosted under the Embers and eaten with sugar and Oyl or honey much conduce to help an inveterate Cough and expectorate the tough Flegm Orpine Vertues and Vse A Syrup made of the Juice with Honey and Sugar and a spoonful or two taken at a time is a speedy Cure for a Quinsie The Leaf bruised and laid to any green wound in the hands or legs doth heal them quickly and being bound to the throat helpeth the Quinsie it helpeth also Ruptures and Burstings The Distilled VVater of the Herb being drunk for certain dayes together is profitable for Gnawings or Excoriations in the Stomach or Bowels or for Ulcers in the Lungs Liver or other inward parts Parsnip Vertues and Vse THe Root is very useful in a Family being good and wholsome Nourishment and fatneth the Body much the Seed hereof being drunk cleanseth the Belly from tough Flegmatick matter therein easeth them that are Liver-grown and VVomens passions of the Mother The Seed and Root of the VVild or Cow-parsnip boyled in Oyl and the head rubbed therewith helpeth those that are fallen into a Frenzy also Lethargie or Drowsie evil and the Headach Parsly Vertues and Vse An excellent Receipt or Medicine to open Obstructions of the Liver and Spleen and expel the Dropsie and Jaundice by Urin. TAke of the Seeds of Parsley Fennel Annise and Caraways of each an ounce of the Roots of Parsley Burnet Saxifrage and Carawayes of each an ounce and an half let the Seed be bruised and the Roots washed and cut small let them lie all night in steep in a Pottle of VVhite-wine and in the Morning be boyled in a close earthen Vessel until a third part or more be wasted which being strained and cleared take 4 ounces thereof Morning and Evening first and last abstaining from drink after it for three hours this is also good against the Falling-sickness and the Stone in the Kidneys The Distilled Water of Parsley is good to give Children when they are troubled with Wind in the Stomach or Belly Pennyroyal Vertues and Vse THe Herb boyled in Milk and drunk is very effectual for the Cough and for Ulcers or Sores in the Mouth the Decoction thereof being drunk helpeth the Jaundice and Dropsie and all Pains of the Head and Sinews that come of a Cold cause and helpeth to clear and quicken the Eye-sight Penny-royal and Mint together put in Vinegar and put to the Nostrils to be smell'd unto or a little thereof put into the Mouth helpeth Faintings and Swounings and being drunk in Wine it easeth the Headach and the Pains of the Breast and Belly stayeth the Gnawing of the Stomach and inward Pains of the Bowels Pellitory of the Wall Vertues and Vse THe Juice clarified and boyled into a Syrup with Honey and a spoonful of it drunk in a Morning once a week is a certain Cure for those that are subject to the Dropsie The Decoction of the Herb being drunk easeth pains of the Mother it also easeth those griefs that arise from Obstructions of the Liver Spleen and Reins the same Decoction with a little Honey added thereto is good to gargle a sore Throat The Juice held a while in the Mouth easeth the pains in the Teeth The dried Herb made up into an Electuaâ—y with Honey or the Juice of the Herb or the Decoction made up with Sugar or Honey is a singular Remedy for any old or dry Cough the Shortnes of Breath and Wheesing in the Trhoat A Poultis made of the Herb with Mallows and boyled in Wine with Wheat Bran and Bean-flower and some Oyl put thereto and applied warm to any bruised Sinew Tendon or Muscle doth in a very short time restore them to their strength The green herb bruised and bound to any green wound for three dayes you shall need no other Medicine to heal it further Pepper-wort Vertues and Vse THe Leaves bruised and mixed with old Hogs-grease and applyed to the place and to continue threon four hours in Men and two hours in Women the place being afterwards bathed with Wine and Oyl and then wrapped with Wool or Skins is very effectual for the Sciatica or any other Gout or pain in the Joynts Purslan Vertues and Vse THis is a very good Sallet Herb to cool any heat in the Liver and in hot Agues nothing better it also cooleth the Blood Reins and Stomach The Herb bruised and applyed to the Forehead and Temples allayeth excessive heat therein hindring rest and sleep The Juice is good to stay Vomitings and taken with Sugar or Honey helpeth an old and dry Cough Shortness of Breath and the Phtisick and stayeth immoderate Thirst The Seed is more effectual than the Herb to
heat Valerian Vertues and Vse THe Decoction of the Root or Herb in Wine being drunk and the Root being used to smell unto it is of especial vertue against the Plague it also helpeth all stoppings and stranglings in any part of the Body The green Herb with the Root taken fresh being bruised and applyed to the Head taketh away the pains and prickings therein The Root boiled with Liquoris Raisins and Annise-seed is good and of singular use for those that are short-winded and are troubled with a Cough it helpeth to open the passages and to expectorate flegm easily Wormwood Vertues and Vse TAke of the Flowers of Wormwood Rosemary and black Thorn of each a like quantity half that quantity of Saffron boyl the Flowers in Renish-wine but put not in the Saffron till it be almost boyled A smal quantity of this Drink taken in a morning fasting cleanseth the Body of Choler provokes Urin helps Surfets Swellings in the Belly causeth an Appetite to meat helps the Yellow-Jaundice and doth wonderfully preserve and keep the Body in health it being drunk for several dayes together A draught of Woormwood-Beer Ale or Wine helps a dull Brain a weak Sight a stinking Breath and a bad Memory if a draught be drunk only in a Morning fasting it is also good against a Surfet procures an Appetite and helps Digestion Wall-flowers or Winter-Gilliflowers Vertues and Vse THis is one of the best Flowers for Bees to gather both Honey and Wax from in the Garden A Conserve made of the Flowers is used for a Remedy both for the Apoplexie and Palsey Woodbind Vertues and Vse A Conserve made of the Flowers of Woodbind helps Cramps Convulsions and Palsies and whatsoever griefs come of cold It takes away the evil of the Spleen provokes Urin procures speedy delivery to Women intravail and is special good for the Lungs also there is no better cure for an Asthma than this An Ointment made of the Flowers will clear the skin of Morphew Freckles and Sunburning or whatsoever discolours it It would spend much time and make the work very tedious to speak to every particular Herb we shall therefore refer you to several Herbals in print Now for all that has been said touching the Use and Vertues of all Plants as to the cure of Mans Body being diseased it is prudence to prevent or stop a Disease before it comes and to perform this we are to know what a Disease is and the first original cause A Disease then is the Corruption of an Entity in some part thereof and a disposition of its total Perishing that is Death therefore the Body Mind and Soul have their Diseases Secondly the Diseases of the Body are various scarce to be numbred and oft-times mixt A Disease added tó a Disease is called a Symtome of a Disease Thirdly a Disease of the Body is either by solution of that which is continued or by distemper of Humors Fourthly solution of that which is continued is either by a Rupture or a Wound A Rupture is prevented by bewaring falls and violent motion a wound is avoided by shunning those things which can cleave cut prick rent tear bruise or hurt any way The cure of a wound is desperate if any vital Member be hurt as the Heart the Brain the Liver the Entrals c. for then the vital actions are hindred and soon after cease Secondly if any Member be cut off it cannot be set on again because the spirit hath not wherewithal to pass into the part that is severed Fifthly the Distempers of the Humours and the Diseases that come from thence alwayes proceed from one of these six causes either from Crudity Inflation Distillation Putrefaction Obstruction or Inflammation First Crudity in the Body is Nutriment not sufficiently concocted namely either Chyle or Blood which comes first from the quality of Meat and Drink when they are taken too raw flegmatick and unwholsome which the Concoctive faculty cannot well subdue Secondly from the quantity when more Meat and Drink is put in than it is able to alter and assimilate for hence undigested and not assimilated humours burthen the body like strangers and not pertaining thereunto Thirdly for want of Exercise when the natural heat is not stirred up nor strengthened to perform its Office lustily in the concoction of Meats from such like Crudities divers inconveniences follow for first if the Crudity be in the stomach it causeth lothing of food for so long as the first food is not digested there can be no appetite to any other Secondly if there be a viscous Crudity adhering in the Ventricle or in the Guts being warmed it takes spirit and is turned into worms which gnawâ—ng the Bowels stir up the evil vapours by their motion whence also come Phantasies very hurtfuâ—l to the Head Lastly Crudity under the skin in the blood or flesh begets Paleness and when it is collected and putrified Scabs Vlcers c. Crudity is prevented by a temperate Diet as to Food Sleep and daily Exercise and cured first by violent expurgation secondly by strong Exercise Thirdly by the use of hot Meats and Drinks Fourthly by comforting the Stomach with such things as heat both within and without Seventhly Inflation is much and gross Vapours exhaling from the Crudities that are gathered together and stretching the Members and that either without pain as when it causeth yexing or belching in the Ventricle panting in the Heart giddiness in the Head when being prohibited to go any further it is carried in a round laziness and stretching in the whole Body or else with pain as when it causeth aches in the Bowels straightning the spirits that lie between the Fibres and sharp or else blunt prickings in the Muscles according as it is more gross or subtle It is cured by strong Exercise that the Vapour being attenuated may go out at the Pores opened Secondly by expurgation of the humors by which they are generated Eigthly Distillation is the condensation of crude vapours into the Rheum which is the cause of many Evils for crude vapours getting up to the head when as by reason of the aboundance and grossness of them they cannot be expurgated by the ordinary passage they become Rheum flowing several wayes and causing divers diseases for first if they run aboundantly and run at the Nose they cause the Murte or Pose Secondly if the Distillation fall into the Jaws it causes the Cattarrhe Thirdly if into the Kernels of the Jaws the Quinsie Fourthly if into the Lungs difficulty of Breathing and the Asthma Fifthly if the Distillation be salt and sharp ulcerating the Lungs it causeth the Cough Sixthly which if it be done oft and the Lungs be filled with Apostemes it causeth the Consumption for when the ulcerous Lungs cannot with dexterity enough perform their Office of cooling the Heart the Vital is generated more hot than it should be which doth not cherish but feed upon the flesh and blood and at length burns out the very
a short small blewish mossey grass the greatest part of these unfruitful Sands are much subject to Heath Furres Brakes and such like Now a great cause of the unfruitfulness of this barren sandy grounds is by reason of the porousness or hollowness of the earth as was said before for although it be well manured with soil or dung yet much rain or wet will wash down the dung lower into the earth than the roots of the Corn or Grass which is the reason of Plow-trenching in sandy Countries Now the manner and way of Plow-trenching having here mentioned it and because we may have occasion further to mention it in our after planting is as followeth First the Plow having cast up the furrow taking a good stitch as they call it in husbandry after the Plow there follows 12 or 14 men with spades who delve or dig a spit or spade deep in the bottom of the furrow where the Plow hath gone which they cast or lay upon the earth or ridge which the Plow first threw up then follows the next turn of the Plow but that which is then cast up is thrown into the Trench the men left to fill it again the men as before still follow the Plow and dig or cast up out of this second furrow another spades depth of sand or earth which they cast on the second ridge of sand that is thrown up by the Plow and so a third and fourth ridge the delvers following the Plow and the Plow them during the dayes work by which you may perceive that the upper earth or sand is buried and the undermost or fresh sand laid uppermost so likewise in delving or more properly trenching the ground is delved two spit deep the second spit or undermost earth is laid upon the first spit or spadeful of earth By this piece of Husbandry it is easily to be understood that this barren sandy ground being hollow loose and light the fatness or substance that should nourish the roots of the grain is by much rain within two years time washed or sunk so deep into the earth that it will not serve for any other season or seed time without more soil or new trenching And as much wet and rain is the cause of unfruitfulness of the hungry hollow barren sands so likewise is drought for the earth being loose and hollow the Sun by his heat doth draw up the moisture and richness of the earth and soil which the Rain doth leave A third sort of simple ground being barren and unfruitful is the Gravel which is mixt with it a hungry earth not much unlike the gritty loose Sand This ground if it lie high and mountainous then the outward face and character will appear as it did in the poor Sand and Clay one cause of its barrenness is from cold the Gravel wanting good earth to warm and nourish that which should grow in it Also because in time of Drought the Sun will scorch and burn up the fruit thereof be it either Corn or Grass c. And if this Gravelly ground lie low then it is subject unto Land-springs which within the Earth wash away that substance and fatness from the Roots of corn and grass that should be their nourishment also much Rain doth likewise wash away the fatness and goodness of the Earth by reason of the roundness and hollow looseness of the stones so that what with the waters within the ground and the Waters above also the heat and scorching of the Sun which doth dry up more easily its moisture this kind of earth must of necessity be unfruitful neither is there any way to improve it but by gathering out the Stones laying store of good Earth and Soil in the room and making draynes to carry away the Water I shall not advise any to begin this piece of Husbandry because the Charges will amount unto so much and better Land may be purchased at a cheaper rate Now as by the outward face and character and by the Clime and Constitution of all simple Grounds doth appear the Richness and Fruitfulness of the one and the poorness and barrenness of the other so likewise by the same Rule there may be judgment given of all Compounded Grounds or mixed Earths as Sand with Gravel or Clay or Loome with Gravel or Sand or other Earths By this which hath been spoken concerning the Nature of Grounds either simple or compound the Husbandman may have true Knowledge to order and dress his Ground and by purging and cleansing the same from those faults that hinder the increase expect a large and ample Crop of Corn or Grass But yet the honest Arborist may be at a loss in Planting of Timber-trees if he go no deeper then the outward face of the Earth for almost every Ditcher can speak by experience in making of a Ditch that the crust or good earth many times doth lie but two or three inches deep and the next Earth proves a hard hungry Gravel about a Spades depth more the next Spades depth or under the Gravel it may be shall rise a cold barren Clay and under that 8 or 10 inches more a good Loome or Sand Also in rich Earths the Crust may lie 17 or 18 inches deep and under that depth a hard Gravel or Rock of Stone Quarry of Slate or such like There being as many faces or characters of good and bad earths under the ground as above or upon the Superficies but this must be tryed by an instrument hereafter mentioned There are other grounds that have no crust or good earth above but either a barren Sand hungry Gravel or cold Clay and such like and yet within twelve inches depth have a very good Earth And that there are several Vaines and sorts of Earths good and bad of all these Qualities he that diggeth Mines and Wells can averr Also That there are several Vaines of good and bad Earth upon the Ground Gardners and Plowmen can testifie There are likewise several sorts of ground that may be good for Corn and Grass or small Fruit-Trees and Bushes yet not good for the Planting of Timber-trees First such Grounds that have a good crust or earth 12 or 14 inches deep and under this good earth a cold wet Gravel being full of Land-springs which is Water running within the Earth and shews it self or is discovered by breaking out or spewing up in many places this and the like are not sound grounds to Plant Timber Trees in because after the Rootes of the Trees have passed downwards deeper then the good Earth the young and tender shootes of the Root that the sap causes every year to spring forth are by reason of the too much moisture and cold water within the earth chilled and benummed so that they have not strength to enter the earth underneath the Water or if they do the Water following also after doth continually hinder them in their growth and keep them from thriving and so consequently the Tree Secondly such
grounds as have the same or as good earth as before mentioned above but underneath a Rock or Quarry extending many Yards or Rods are also not proper for Planting Timber-trees for after the rootes of the Trees have grown deeper into the earth then the crust or good earth as aforesaid and reacht unto the Rock they cannot enter and being only maintained by the upper Roots that spread along the crust of the earth can never grow to any bulk not having sufficient nourishment for all the Roots and thereupon necessarily want so much of their due growth And although such Trees may thrive 50 or 60 years yet as they grow in heighth and greatness so much the more are they in danger of every Wind because those Rootes that should grow deep into the earth not only to support the Tree by nourishment and ballance it by weight but as strong Cordes to bind it fast unto the earth are altogether hindred and disappointed of their true use by reason of their Rock or Quarry also those Rootes that touch the Rock for want of entrance will in a short time perish and decay and not only to the hinderance of the growth but shortning the life of the Tree This stoppage or decay of the Root may be discerned several wayes first the middle Boughes that generally grow streight upwards and proceed from the heart will decay at top which may be known by the falling of the Leafe Secondly The Bark will grow black Thirdly The Sap which is as the Blood having not its natural course by reason of the stoppage of the Root will break out into Boyles which are great Bunches in the Barke Body and Limbes of the Tree All which evils will hinder the growth and increase of the Tree and in time cause it to be hollow Now since it concernes every one that will be at the Charges of Planting to search into the Bowels of the earth and not to be satisfied or trust to the outward face thereof There should be provided for the same use or purpose an Iron Augar such as is used for the searching after Mines or Minerals and although this way of searching or trying the goodness of the Earth under ground will require labour and expences yet it will be of great concernment and singular use there being a vast difference between the Planting and Sowing of Corn and sowing and planting Seed or Plants for Trees for the Husbandman in a years time after his Seed is sown may know the goodness of the ground and amend the evils thereof or forbear farther charges and let it rest for the feeding of Cattel whereas the Planter must wait many years in expectation to know the goodness of his ground and only guess it at last without any certainty only by the growth or thriving of the Trees Planted Having briefly discoursed of unfruitful grounds by reason of the Constitution and Clime or scituation of the Countries wherein they lie it will be needless to speak of those rich and fruitful Clayes in Buckinghamshire Leicestershire c. and of the fruitful Sands in Surry Middlesex and Suffolk also those rich and fruitful Gravels and compounded or mixt Earths in Barkshire and Hartfordshire with many other Shires All these fruitful Soiles if there be not those hindrances in the Bowels of the earth formerly spoken of will require no other charges then only the choice of good Plants and care in planting them As for poor unfruitful Grounds having but a thin Crust yet good earth at the depth of 18 or 20 inches the Seed or Plants that are to be planted in such grounds are to be nourished and maintained until their Roots descend and reach unto that good earth therefore not only choice Plants are to be provided but also good earth thereinto to set or plant the Seed and Plants But of this it is necessary that you have more particular directions There is therefore not any of those Lands formerly spoken of either fruitful or barren but may be very good for planting Timber-trees except these few following First all Lands that lie near the skirts and borders of the Sea for the Mists Fogs and Winds that come thence will much indanger them and hinder their thriving Secondly All high and dry Mountains for they do not only want moistness of Earth but are infested by great Winds which frequently blow in such places and are very hurtful and although there are and have been seen great Trees growing on high Hills yet it is my opinion they were not planted there by Man but were the production of the earth and an effect of the first Creation Thirdly All Lands that lie flat and are subject to Inundations of Waters for want of a Descent or Current to carry them off some other way for although moist earth is good for Trees yet too much moisture as Water lying long on the ground or at the rootes of Trees is dangerous if not Mortal Fourthly All Moorish wet grounds for although there are and have been many great Trees growing in such grounds yet very seldome any sound well coloured or long-liv'd Timber-tree Fifthly All entire Chalke Grounds for such grounds are cold and dry and not good for Trees but if there be a mixture of other Earth with them then it may be good Sixthly All grounds that are Rocky or very Stony either under or above the Earth for although Trees may thrive in such grounds yet it will require much labour and charges and I am very dubious of any long thriving of Trees so planted Now the Plott of ground that I shall make choice of to Plant Timber-trees in should be low and plain but somewhat ascending towards the middle of the Plott that so the Floods after Rain may run clean away yet slowly not rising higher if possible then may be convenient to water the whole from some spring or River that in the summer or drought it may be moistened cooled and refreshed and laid dry again at pleasure which would not only produce Grass wonderfully but make the Plants and Trees grow more in seven years then they will in other grounds that have not these helpes and conveniences in 15 or 16 years The Soil or Earth should also be a rich and fruitful Clay Being now provided of a Plot of Ground to Plant and having proportioned the Fence and computed the Charges the next thing to be considered is the choice of seed and Plants Seed is only the Image of the Plant or Tree gathered together into a very small part of the Matter Plants are the Production of Seed for the universal spirit of Life was infused or put into the matter of the World by that great Herbarist our Eternal God and so insinuating it self through all the parts thereof introduced into every Creature it s own form Now the Spirit of life contracted into this lesser forme as aforesaid is the seed of all Creatures of what kind soever they be and whereby their several species
to provide and how you may be furnished to serve your occasions The ground being in good season and the time of the year answering thereunto you may proceed thus The chief Instruments which are useful for this work of planting is the Plow and Spade the Plow will dispatch the greater quantity of ground in a day but the other will make the best work we shall compute the charges of both in his due place There is no certain rule to be observed in plowing ground in all places alike for according to the nature and climats of Countries where much heat or cold moisture or drought as is the Earth or Air so must the arborist alter his season strong or stiff grounds will require great strength of Cattel also the season must be early in the year in other Countries where the earth is warmer richer and lighter the Plow need not be of that strength which the former ground did require neither will the labour of man or beast be so much And in such Countreys the season may be latter yet nevertheless for all these Observations he that hath much work to do must begin betimes especially if he hath not a sufficient strength of Men and Cattel Now the Plowman ought to be very careful in the plowing of his ground how he shall lay his furrows either high round and close together or low and flat also what depth he shall plow them to raise and gain the greatest store of mould for that is very considerable in planting Trees I shall not give particular directâ—ons or instructions in the Rules of Husbandry as concerning the manner of Plowing Sowing and Harrowing all kind of Earths and Seed and the several wayes of laying the Furrowes as deep or shallow near together or more open and the Reasons of each several way as also the means of improving barren grounds by divers Manures or helpes by fresh Earths as sand on clay and clay on sand with many other mixtures of Earths also Mareling Limeing Stable-Dung Mud out of Ponds and Ditches old Rags and many more sorts as also by grubbing hacking burning of Bate or Devonshireing and the like improving of Meadows and Pasture by draining and watering propagating Plants for Orchards and gardens with the several wayes of grâ—fting and setting slips and succors c. Also sowing setting or planting seeds of all sorts and increasing their production by several wayes of steeping or soking in Brine or other Liquors also Reaping Mowing Hedging Delving Housing and Stacking Corn and Hay The seasons for gathering and preserving or keeping all sorts of grains fruits and seeds with many more particulars for it is not my intent to speak any father of Husbandry then will serve for this our present occasion of Planting The best time to begin Plowing for the planting Timber-trees will be about the latter end of February or the begining of March if the Land require twice Plowing which all Hey or Pasture-grounds do for the swarth must be first broke and torn to pieces with the Harrowes or else cut with Instruments for that purpose called Hacks made of Iron therefore there must be a second plowing which will by raising up new earth increase and make good store of mould again and by this twice plowing the Weeds and grass will be withered and destroyed which are great enemies to young plants as we have formerly declared Now for the manner of Plowing supposing the Land to be very good earth for the purpose intended and free from all Waters lying on the ground other incumbrances with a strong Plow the share being of a good sufficient length and the Culter somewhat bending Throw down your Furrows but if the ground be subject to waters either by springs or floods in much Rain then you shall lay the furrowes more high near and close together and that every one of these Lands lie highest in the midst observing to turn the swarth inwards or downwards unto the Earth that the Roots of the grass and weeds may be scorched and dryed by the Sun and Wind and so withered and destroyed But if you will be at the charges which is the best Husbandry then with the Hackers formerly mentioned you shall hew and cut to pieces all the earth that was plowed up also all Balkes that the Plow had escaped for by this work the weeds and grass will sooner wither and decay and make the mould finer after the hacking you shall take a pair or two of strong Iron Harrowes and with them going over the ground break the Clods smaller In the Month of August you shall begin to Plow over that ground again which formerly you had plowed still observing what quantity of Land you have to plow and your own strength of men and cattel and accordingly you may begin sooner or later At this second plowing let the Furrowes be made deeper and greater then at the first Now if the ground were a stiff Clay or such like then it would require to be hacked again which will thoroughly break the Clods and increase the mould and by making the furrows great and deep raise up more Earth which had been untouched before This work being finâ—shed you may then sow and plant your seed but before you begin it must be considered what part of the Land is most moist and dry also in what part is the best and deepest mould and where it is most shallow and meanest for you must order and dispose of your seed according to their several qualities the Elme will require the best and deepest Mould but beareth no Seedâ— therefore must be planted by Plants or Setts The Oake will require a moist deep Earth but will not thrive if the water lie long on the ground The Ashe will require a more dry kind of Earth and will grow in a shallower Mould The Beech will grow and thrive in a dryer shallow and meaner earth then the Ash And so having considered of these particulars and finding your ground to have these several sorts of Earths you must plant sow or set your seed and plants in that part of the ground where they will best like or thrive But if thâ—re be no difference in the mold or earth then you may mix your Seed and Sowe it together but if you set the seed then there may be a Row of Oake and a row of Ashe and another of Beech or mix all of them in one Row as best pleaseth you and thus may all other seed or sets be sowed or Planted The fittest time or season of the year for sowing or planting this seed for Trees is when it is full ripe and falleth from the Trees which is about the latter end of October But it may be sowed or set in other Moneths if well preserved In sowing of your seed be careful you do not sow too thick for the thinner they are sowed the better they will thrive one foot distance is the nearest they should be sowed or set if the plants
in other grounds else sold or bestowed on your Neighbours the Plant which is left must be removed and planted in the middle of the Plot this performed you will have remaining 2560 Plants And you are to take notice that the Alder and Withey is not planted by seed but Sets or Plants the Ash Chesnut Alder and Withey will serve for Hop-poles the Oak and Hasle is the slowest and smallest of growth and not useful for Poles but for Hoops and Hurdles for Sheep-pens and such like the Chesnut Ash and Withey are likewise very good to make Hoops for wet and dry Cask as Brewers Grocers Soap-boylers and many more Trades Now also all these will make many necessary Implements of Husbandry as Ladders Rails Plow-stuff and handles for many Tools besides Firing the Chesnut is special good Timber for Building and many other uses also the Oak and Ash therefore there may be 20 of these preserved to grow for great Trees To make the greatest profit of this Copice Grove or under-wood is to keep it clean from all Bushes Brambles and other Woods which it may be subject unto if any old roots of trees be in or near the ground also if any seed as Acorns Ashen keys Beech-mast Slows and such like be brought in and scattered by Rooks and Crows among the long Grass or Plants else by squirrels field-Rats or Mice and hid in the ground or under roots of Trees or Plants For if any of these seeds be suffered to grow they will be Incumbrances and much hinder those that were rightly planted These things being observed and that you keep the Plants clean by well weeding about ten years after the planting this Copice or Grove may be felled and every sort of Wood converted to their proper uses as Hop-poles Hoops and other necessaries of Husbandry which I shall have occasion more particularly hereafter to mention Now in felling this Wood be sure you cut it smooth and close to the ground and after the stuff is sold and disposed of be careful to cleanse the ground of all Chips Sprays and small sticks also see that you make the Fence firm and strong that no Cattel get in to tread on break or bruise the stocks of the Plants and when the sap puts forth new shoots that they be not cropt or bit which doth not only hurt and spoyl the Crop for the next season of cutting but is very hurtful unto the stocks if you be careful to prevent these evils about 8 years after the first cutting you may cut again and then will there be all sorts of stuff four or five for one that you had at first cutting about 8 years after this second felling it may be cut again and then the encrease will be 7 or 8 fold Thus will your Wood increase unto a hundred years although not in quantity yet in goodness and greatness so that this Acre of Land shall be worth 10 Acres of the best Wood land that is of its own growing or at a nearer distance planted and cumbred with Bushes or other Wood but little better Now if you will plant an Acre of Land with Oak Elme Beech and Ash at a pearch distance then may you have the benefit of the Land for other uses and preserving the Plants in growing about 40 years after planting you may fell or cut down the one half of the wood taking the middle Tree throughout the ground some of them may serve for small Buildings also for Laths others to make Axes for Carts also fellows and spokes for Wheels Tree-nails for building Ships The Elme stuff may be of use for Ships also for the Millwright and to make Naves for Wheels if not too small the Ash for broad hoops for Coopers set-work great Vessels and Fat 's for Brewers Oars for Boats useful pieces for Plow and Cart and many more necessary uses besides Fireing But if these Trees appointed to be cut down may grow 40 or 50 years longer than they may be converted to several uses besides the last mentioned as for the building small Ships Tree-nails of all sizes Planks Inch-boards Quarter-boards Quarters Bouls Trays Dishes Trenchers and such like Having discoursed of sowing setting and planting Seed and young Plants for Timber-trees and Under-woods in Copices Groves or Spring Grounds we shall now proceed and give our advice for the transplanting Trees of greater age and growth It is no certain rule to judge the age of a Timber-tree by its bulk or greatness of body for there are many hollow trees and others not hollow yet unsound all of them much greater in the girt or body than sound thriving trees which are twice the age of those great imperfect trees and worth five times the value Again there are young trees called suckers that grow out of the roots of older trees which both hinder their own and the others growth because the roots are not able to maintain both so that a Plant well planted and thriving will be a greater tree and of better use and profit at 30 years growth than those suckers will be at 50 but if such suckers were taken off in time and planted there would be a double profit for the tree from whence it was taken will the better thrive and also the plant may grow to be a great tree Thirdly there are trees that grow out of or from among the roots of trees that have been cut down many years the roots of these young trees being much twisted about and entangled among the other although dead yet as we have said formerly every touch either of bough or root is hurtful therefore such trees are much hindred in their growth and thriving Also all trees that grow in hedge-rows or thickets what ever the wood be as thorns or other wood such trees cannot thrive or be long lived Fourthly some trees there are that grow and thrive for thirty or 40 years and then are at a stand many years after which time they thrive again but generally decay and dye the reasons are from some stoppage or obstructions within the earth which the roots of those trees met with as either some great Land Springs or Current of water under ground or hard hungry Gravel Rocks of stone Quarreys of Slate Chalk and such like which the roots of those trees did not reach unto until such a time of growth Now if the Current of water alter its course and the Rocks or Quarreys be not great but that the roots grow beyond them or through some cleft then such trees may thrive again Although it hath been said that the age of a tree cannot be judged by its bulk or greatness yet of those trees that have not been lopped or removed you may know their age by reckoning from the root up to the top twig every years growth being distinguished from other by a knot if the tree be not above 20 years old yet this is not a certain Rule for all trees the knots of some of them being not
easily to be discerned therefore their age is not certainly known but from the time they were first set or planâ—ed or if you plant with slips or suckers you must reckon from the time the sap first put forth shoots for if you transplant trees and there being in the bark knots or boyls they may be of great age and yet small of growth as knotted Cattel being starved at first yet may live possibly but not thrive Now if you cannot know the age of the trees you are to remove then let your choice be of such as are streight smooth and whose bark is well coloured without knots or boyls Secondly let the roots carry proportion with the body and boughs that is round and spreading every way Thirdly let not the bole or body of the tree be above 8 or 10 inches about if possible for this size or greatness will endanger life and growth but the hazard will be much more if they are of greater bulk because they must needs be tainted with deadly wounds either in the roots or top or both and after that are seldom or never good This evil in removing may be discerned within few years by the tree bearing a small hungry leaf also by the blackness of boughs and bark Again another danger in removing trees of such an age and greatness is that if they be not very well staked the winds by often shaking the body will loosen the roots and break the young Taws or Fibres which are not only the mouth as it were of the Root whereby it sucks and draws the moisture or nourishment from the earth but are as strings or tyes growing farther into the earth fastning the roots and so the Tree and these being broken will much hinder the thriving if not endanger the life of such Trees Therefore all such great Plants or young Trees transplanted are only useful for ornament as Walks and such like or Pollards so called because of the often poling or lopping of their heads and usually grow in Hedge-rows or else in Copices or other wast places for of such trees the tops may be cut off at pleasure and the bole or body left at such a height as may be convenient for the place and use of the said trees Although these trees may not grow to become good Timber yet they may live bearing arms and boughs useful for Plowboot Houseboot and Fireing many hundred years And were it not for charges you may for these and such like uses transplan or remove greater Trees than those last spoken of the way and customâ— is to take up the whole Roots with the earth about them and so set or plant them where there is a deep and good mould for the roots and earth will so ballance the body and top that not any of the boughs will require to be cut off only such as are useless which would be proyned betimes And although trees of such growth and greatness be removed they may thrive and grow for Timber Trees if the wast boughs be carefully taken off and the wounds not too great but recoverable Many more Observations may be added but these may suffice Now in the planting or transplanting those trees formerly mentioned there ought to be greater care taken than in younger Plants for there is greater danger also the growing and thriving of them is more uncertain therefore we shall repeat over again some of our former Directions First let the trench or hole you dig to set the Trees in be so large every way that the roots may lie at length and not be bruised or broken by bending or forcing into the place Secondly set such trees in the deepest earth or crust and so deep as the good earth reacheth to prevent shaking by winds also let the slope side of the wound be towards the South As for those fond opinions of several men that the roots of trees only grow and thrive in the crust of the earth as their Element it is not denyed that the Earth is the Element for the roots of all Trees and Plants as the Water for Fish but as Waters have several distinct tasts smells colours and operations also several kind of Fish haunt delight and thrive in those several Waters as some in salt Seas others in fresh Rivers others in muddy Pools or Ponds as the Carp Bream Chevin and others in shallow running gravelly streams as Trout Roch Dace c. others in mud and holes in the earth as Eels Crawfish c. others in Stony bottoms under the water as Lobsters Oisters Crabs c. So likewise the Earth hath several distinct tasts colours smels and operations and also several kinds of Creatures living therein And the Roots of Trees and Plants thrive and delight to grow in those several sorts of earth and not only the Roots of several Trees but of one and the same Tree We do acknowledge that those Roots which grow in the Crust of the Earth most nourish the Tree by producing the greatest quantity of sap and yet there are other Roots also that grow downwards beneath the crust or good earth through the several earths and are for special use as tyes and stayes to keep it up by binding it fast unto the ground as was said before and likewise to nourish and feed both body and boughs Also those Roots that run in the crust put forth other Roots downwards deeper into the earth for were it not so those great and mighty Trees that lift up their heads high into the Air could not stand Thirdly let the earth be moist and mellow that so falling between the Roots it may the better hold them Fourthly in setting be sure you shake the Tree easily that the earth may fall and be dispersed every where among the Roots and often treading it as you cast it on the Roots gently with one of your feet holding the Tree upright with your hand leaving no hollowness or vacant place for the wind to get in which is very hurtful Fifthly let not your Plant or Tree be bound or tied to any Stake or lean against any hold but about every Tree set four Stakes let two of them be set deep into the ground the other two upon or very little within the earth that they may not reach the Roots of the trees the 4 Stakes may stand seven or eight inches from the body of the tree and would be four or five foot high above the ground also braced above and below about a foot from the top and bottom with braces to keep or joyn them fast each to other but if the Plants or young Trees be in danger of being barked by any Cattel as Deer Goats Hares Connies or any other then you must board it between the Stakes or add more Stakes setting them close to the ground but not drive them in about the body of the Tree above and below over against the braces there must be wound a good Wisp Role or Rope of Hay containing in thickness
although for Mans sins the Earth was cursed to bring briers and thorns yet we do not read that the lives of Vegetives were therefore shortned but that every Plant according to the spirit of the species by the good will and providence of God lives to the time first appointed at the Creation If Man had not sinned he had not been subject to mortality it is therefore resolved upon good reason that Trees may live during the world or untill the dissolution of all things here below not coming under Mans transgression for if Man whose body is nothing in a manner but tender rottenness hath lived above 900 years much more may the Oak live many thousand But secondly in all ancient History we read that the greatest part of England was much over-grown with Woods and it is well known that these Woods have been cut down and destroyed in all Ages and are wasting to this day But we do not read of planting any except in these latter dayes by Gentlemen for their private occasions His Majesties Forrests which are the ancient Woods and Woodland in England have not been planted nor ever were by Man neither do we find that the oldest trees die and young grow up in their room nor that decayed trees are cut down except some few for Firing but the best and soundest trees as hath been said before or that such old like decayed trees are the oldest trees and are so decayed by reason of age but chiefly by being often lopped shredded chipt and cut either boughs or roots or by other accidents as being overwhelmed and oppressed by bushes or other trees growing too near them or otherlike which may shorten the life of the soundest trees besides other incumbrances under ground as Land-springs Water-courses Rocks of Stone or Slate which they meet with in their subterranous passage Thirdly there are trees which are and have been ancient Boundary trees or Land-marks many hundred years which now are and have been by the memory of the oldest men living growing like trees Fourthly it hath been my observation in travelling abroad that great Woods or Woods of great Timber-trees have been so environed with Bogs or moorish ground that not any Engin Cart or Wagon could pass neither hath it been known that any of those great trees have been felled or cut down Other Woods I have seen containing many miles very rocky and they so high and rugged that not any Cart or Wagon could pass in many places and yet both these grounds abounding with trees of great bulk also other parts of the Country have been generally full of Wood and Timber-trees and not much peopled nor ever was Neither is there any Cart Wagon or other Engin thereabout in use to convey away Timber And the Wood and Timber generally used is young trees with which they build their Cabbins Booths or Houses being but of one story framed in the Woods and drawn to the places where they make use of them being made fast on both sides of a horse or else carried on mens backs I have travelled through a great part of these Woods and as I well remember the greatest part or quantity of the dead trees I then saw were such as the wind blew down many of them lying rotting on the ground for want of use the Country being full and others that were standing but dead I found were for the most part young trees which did either grow out of the roots of greater trees or from seed falling in long grass and so growing altogether hindred the growth of each other and shortned their lives I do not know any History that mentions either the planting felling or cutting any of these Woods nor the oldest man then living in those parts could inform me Fifthly of my own knowledge in Lancashire Shropshire and other parts there are many Firre-trees taken out of the ground some of them 2 or 3 yards within the ground and by all probability they have lien there ever since the Flood for no History nor any Lease Conveyance or Deed in writing doth mention any such trees growing in those parts also they are found near the sea in moorish places which is not a proper place for the Firr to grow in there have been many years since and of late several discoveries of the said trees being found whole Bodies and Roots and the Timber very sound Now if such trees have dured found so long after death much longer might they have lived if they had had the benefit of the earths moisture in their Roots only There may be several reasons for that which hath been said of the Firre-trees I shall but mention one At the Deluge the Waters continuing many Moneths on the earth did much soften and mellow the ground and at the time appointed by the Command of God the waters were returned into their Channels by a strong wind as in Gen. 8. verse 1. which said wind after the waters were something asswaged did blow down several trees The Firre being tall and the Roots running shallow within the earth were the sooner blown down and left floting on the water by reason of their porousness and lightness Now when the Waters were totally asswaged where the last winds left them there those trees sunk into the Mud and every Tyde from the Sea casting up earth or sand did cover them and the Sea in after time falling off or leaving those shores that earth became dry and produced grass moss weeds and such like which did grow over and hide those trees untill such time that this Kingdom became more peopled and then these trees were discovered as aforesaid Many more proofs there are which much strengthens my belief in that which hath been said concerning the age of an Oak But thus have we in a plain way and experimental given helps and directions for the planting Timber trees many more observations might have been added in the choice of seed and plants the several wayes of planting plowing delving sowing and setting the different wayes of dressing and proyning also the several sorts of Timber trees besides those before mentioned all sort of Underwoods with their names and characters But they being out of my Road at this time I shall keep to my business and in the next place give an account of the charges and profit in planting a thousand Acres of Land Now the best Figure for this Plot of Land for profit and pleasure is a Quadrat or four square of equal angle because it encloseth a greater quantity of Land with less charges then you can do in any other Figure also the Plants may be planted uniformly and in order To perform this there must be provided two Chains made of Wyer each of them containing 22 yards which is 4 pearch the breadth of an acre of Land as it is usually measured for 40 pearch long and 4 broad is an Acre but if Woodland measure then the Chains must be 24 yards in length one of the said Chains must
Wormwood Yarrow There are many Plants Herbs and Seed brought out of other Kingdoms which are not here named because it is well known to such as are studious in the Art Herbary that those Plants and Herbs that grow in several Kingdoms are most wholsome and Medicinal to such as live in those Kingdoms therefore we have not any Plant or Herb in our Garden but such as naturally grow in England as best fitting with our English constitution Now all these Plants will not grow and thrive alike in one kind of earth as Parsnips Carrots and such like will require a light loose or rich sandy earth and Cabbage Turnips Beans and such like a rich clay or a moist rich earth Again some Plants or Roots having long shanks will require a deep crust of good earth as Licorish Parsnips c. Others a shallow crust of good earth as Onions Turnips and all sorts of round or short rooted Plants also some Plants best thrive in a very rich earth and to have the benefit of the Sun the whole day others in meaner or poorer ground and in the shade some in moist earth others in dry Therefore by the skill of the Gardner several kinds of earth are to be provided or such a composition of earth as will serve for all kinds of Plants and so comely and orderly placed in the Beds Borders and Squares and so intermingled that one looking thereon cannot but wonder to see what Nature corrected by Art can do And that every Country Housewife may improve her own private Garden I have here set down these few following Observations First in cold Countries or Earths Plants or Seed are not to be set or sowed so soon as in hot but alwayes observing to set moist and sow dry Secondly the roots of Slips set must be twined if they will abide it Thirdly all Herbs for Flowers should once in 5 or 6 years be renewed Fourthly all Herbs in Drought should be often watered with Puddle water Fifthly seeding spoils most Roots by drawing the heart or sap from them Sixthly gather all sort of Herbs for use when they are fullest of sap tender and green before they blow but when they are blown then the flowers are best and must be gathered in their prime If you keep the herbs and flowers all Winter then dry them a little in the Sun and sew them up in brown paper and hang them not far from the fire Seventhly thin setting and sowing so the Roots stand not above one foot distance is profitable greater herbs would have more distance Also set and sow herbs in their time of growth except at Mid-summer and lay no dung to the roots of herbs for dung not rotten or melted is too hot for trees I shall also add for our good Housewifes Observation a few more Rules of another nature First Angelica and Alexander are renewed with their seed whereof they bear plenty the second year and so dye Annis-seeds make their growth and bear seed the first year and dye Garlick the heads parted into Cloves and set the latter end of February Fetherfâ—w is renewed by seed Bugloss and Burrage renew themselves by seed yearly Carduus renews its self by Seed and so dyes Hysop young Roots are good Sets but Slips better Artichoaks are renewed by dividing the Roots into Sets in March every third or fourth year Ellycampany seeds yearly the Root may be divided and set Endive is renewed by seed and may be removed as Cabbage Coriander renews it self by seed the first year and dyeth Cabbage seed the second year sow them in October remove them when the Plants are about 8 inches long set deep and moist before the full of the Moon Carrets are sown after January till May they seed the first year the second year they dye Clary is sown it seeds the second year and dyes Chibals are set every 3 or 4 years having their Roots parted Fennel may be sown or set by dividing the Roots in the Spring or Fall it seeds the second year Clove-July flowers may be renewed by seed or roots any time except Frost Lettice yeelds seed the first year and dyes sow betime and remove them to make them cabbage Lavender would be removed about 6 years after planted by Slips twined Leeks seed the second year unremoved then dye Onions the seed is sown in February Marygolds commonly come of seed the Plants removed when they are about 3 inches long will make them grow double Pennyroyal divide the Roots and then set them Parsnips sow the seed in February in Drought tread the tops to make the roots bigger Parsly sowed several times in the Spring Pumpions set seed a finger deep late in March when they are grown up water them often and in frost cover them Rosemary to set Slips presently after Lammas is the surest way the seed sown in hot weather may prove well Raddish may be sown in the Spring and Summer steep the seed in milk 24 hours then set them Sage set Slips in May let it not seed it will last the longer Savory seeds the first year and dyes Strawberries set Roots in the Spring or at Michael tide Saffron it flowreth at Michael tide and groweth all Winter every third year the Roots would be removed at Midsummer for when all other herbs grow most that dyeth Skerots the Roots are first parted and then set about Michael tide Sweet Sicil is renewed either by seed or the roots parted and set severally Time both Seeds Slips and Roots are good if it seed not it will last 3 or 4 years Turnips are sown in April May or June in the second year they bear seed To speak to every Herb would make my work very tedious let these suffice We shall now give an account of the Land plotted out and allowed for the Scite of the House and is as followeth The Cherry and Flower Gardens are both of them 40 pearch long and 20 pearch broad and contain 5 Acres The Orchard which flanks or is planted on both sides of the said Gardens are each of them 40 pearch long and 20 broad they contain 10 Acres The Physick and Kitchen Gardens are 28 pearch long and 20 broad they both contain 3 Acres for the Yards and Ground the Houses are built on is allowed 2 Acres the Total of Acres being the Scite of the House as aforesaid is 20 Acres Yet there is one Plant very useful and profitable not mentioned among all the Plants and that is the Hop we shall therefore make choice of 2 Acres of Land in a convenient place that may ly sheltered from the North North by West and North-east winds and plant the same the manner and way as followeth The Hop will not thrive either in too rich a ground nor yet in too poor nor in too moist or very dry but in a middle sort of earth therefore if the ground be over moist then the hills must be made bigger and higher than ordinary about 2 foot high and of
this South-west Grove and the Dwelling-house just opposite to the Warren is the great Fish-pond or Decoy by Boat you may over into the Island in the middle of which you may behold a stately Bird-cage or Aviary full of singing and whistling Birds round this Cage at an equal distance one from the other are 4 Seats covered over with several Greens There having rested your self and afterwards walking round the Island you may behold pleasant to your sight several Holley or Hombe Bushes kept very neat and handsom for the Decoys and other wild Ducks to lay their Eggs in as those in the Warren made of wood for the tame Ducks And taking Boat again you may walk into the Arable Land and behold Gods blessing by the great increase of Corn and returning through the Pasture Fields into the Dwelling-House you may rest and be refreshed with such food as this pleasant Land doth afford and being satisfied pause with your self and consider although this be not the Paradise we read of yet it does much resemble the same for what was Paradise but a Garden and Orchard of Trees and Herbs full of pleasure and nothing there but delights so is there here for first here is the Nightingale the pretty Robin-red-brest and the little Wren with all the musical Birds that both whistle and sing with a pleasant Consort of Wind musick to usher in the Spring and refreshing and easing those cares of which we by our offence are all made Heirs In the Summer to furnish your Table a fat Buck will be in season also young Peacocks Turkies Phesants Partridge and many other Fowl which are at your command with variety of Fish and other Flesh as Hares Rabbets and such like your Orchards and Gardens will afford you several sorts of Fruit and pleasant Flowers both for colours and scent and in the Groves and Woods most stately Trees and pleasant Walks What shall I say a thousand pleasant Delights are attendant in this Pleasant Land And what is there of all these few that I have reckoned which does not please the eye the ear the smell the taste yea the other sence may also take great pleasure in handling such rare Fruit and Flowers as are presented In the Winter there will come in a new supply to furnish your Delights at Table and that is Felfares Black-birds Thrushes Quail Rayl Woodcocks Snipes Wildgeese Duck and Mallard Widgen and Teal with many more And the remainder of the Summer Stock now in season as Turkies Pheasant Partridge Hares Conies and such like and a hot Pasty made of the flesh of a Barren Doe will not be out of season neither a fat Pig and Gammon of Bacon The Bees have laboured all the Summer to provide Hony and Wax for your Winter occasions and the Dairy-Maids have not been idle but provided Butter and Cheese to serve your Family all Winter and Spring besides the Monies made at Markets The Kitchen Garden will also furnish your Table with several sorts of Roots and Herbs and the Physick Garden with Roots Herbs and Seed to preserve your health Now the pretty Silk-worms are hard at labour spining Silk to cloath you and if the Gardener be an Artist he hath provided from the Grape both Sack and Claret to chear your spirits And in the Bowling-green you may by Exercise add unto all these pleasures by refreshing your senses keep your body in health But to sum up all if you did know the yearly profit that does arise out of this pleasant land you would find it a sufficient overweight to all your pleasures I did intend here to set down the particular and total Charge thus to plant 200 Acres of Land with the yearly profit that may arise from the same as I have performed in planting a thousand Acres with Timber-trees and Underwoods But this already swelling the bulk of my Book beyond my intentions promise the next opportunity when I shall have an occasion to speak of something concerning the whole Body of Husbandry both to do that and also to polish these rough-hewed lines laying down the best way of improving all kind of Earths simple and compound rich and barren We shall now conclude this Treatise with giving you the Vertues and Use of all Plants growing in this our Paradise And I shall begin with the first planted and so in order proceed The Hawthorn THis Plant being well planted and liking the ground makes the best Fence or Hedge that can be made by any Plant The Seed or Berries are wholsom Winter food for the Deer and spare Swine also good food for Blackbirds Felfares Thrushes and such like The Uses Physical The seed in the berries beaten to powder and drunk in Wine is very good against the Stone and Dropsie the Distilled water of the Flowers stayeth the Lask and if Clothes be wet in the Water will wonderfully draw out any thorn or splinters that abide in the flesh if applyed to the place grieved The Blackthorn Sloes are very good Winter food for spare Swine also Deer will feed on them The Vses Physical All the parts of the Sloe-bush are binding cooling and drying and all effectual to stay bleeding at the Nose and Mouth or any other place the Decoction of the Berries either fresh or dried or the Conserve which is most familiarly taken is very good to stay the Lask of the belly or stomach or the Bloody-flux and helpeth to ease the pains in the Sides Bowels and Guts but the distilled water of the Flowers first steeped in Sack for a night and drawn therefrom by the heat of a Balneum Anglice a Bath is a most certain Remedy tried and approved to ease all manner of gnawings in the Stomach Sides and Bowels or any griping pains in any of them To drink a small quantity when the extremity of pain is upon them the simple distilled water of the Flowers or green Berries are good to wash and gargle the mouth and throat wherein are swellings sores or kernels and to stay the defluxions of Rhume to the eyes or other parts as also to cool the heat and inflamations in them and to ease the hot pains of the head to bathe the forehead and temples therewith The Oak THe Timber of this Tree is the Walls and Bulwark of England being converted to the use of building Ships also it is sound and long-lasting Timber for building Houses and for many other uses The seed called Acorns are very good food for the Deer Swine and Poultry The Vses Physical The Acorn-cups and the Bark and Leaves do bind and dry very much the Decoction of the inner bark and powder of the Cups stay â—â—â—iting or flux of blood in Man or Woman and the involuntary flux of natural seed The Acorns in powder taken in Wine provoke Urin and resist the poyson of venemous Creatures The distilled Water or Decoction of the leaves is a special Remedy for the Whites in Women The Oken Buds are good to be used
Watering of them as also for the Pin and Web Skins and Films growing over the sight it helpeth Beasts also Garden Beans Vertues and Vse BEans eaten are extreme windy meat but if eaten with Bacon they are good food and useful in a Family and if after the Dutch fashion when they are half boyled you husk them and then stew them with sweet Butter they are wholsomer food The Flower of Beans and Fenugreek mixed with Hony and applyed to Fellons Boyles Bruises or blue marks by blows or the Imposthumes in the Kernels of the Ears helpeth them all and with Rose-leaves Frankincense and the White of an Egg being applyed to the Eyes helpeth them that are swoln or do water or have received any blow upon them if used with Wine The Ashes of the Husks made up with old Hogs-grease helpeth the old Pains Contusions and Wounds of the Sinews the Sciatica and Gout The Water distilled from the green Husks is held to be very effectual against the Stone and to provoke Urin. Bean Flower is used in Poultisses to asswage Inflammations rising upon Wounds and the Swelling of Womens Breast French-Beans Vertues and Vse THe ordinary French or Kidney-Beans are much in use being sold in every Market and commonly boyled and eaten with the Husk they are of an easie digestion they move the Belly provoke Urin enlarge the Breast that is straitned with shortness of breath engender Sperm and incite Venery Balm Vertues and Vse A Syrup with the Juice of this Herb and Sugar would be kept in every Gentlewomans House to relieve the weak Stomachs and sick Bodies of their poor sickly Neighbours as also the Herb kept dry in the House that so with other convenient Simples you may make it into an Electuary with Honey according as the Disease is The Herb bruised and boyled in a little Wine and Oil and laid warm on a Boil will ripen and break it The Leaves with a little Nitre taken in Drink are good against a Surfet of Mushromes helps the griping pains of the Belly and being made into an Electuary is good for them that cannot fetch their breath A Tansie or Cawdle made with Eggs and the Juice thereof while it is young putting to it some Sugar and Rose-water is good for Women in Childbed when the After-birth is not throughly avoided and for their faintings upon or after their sore Travel This is an excellent Herb to revive a fainting Heart and drive away all troublesome cares and thoughts out of the mind arising from Melancholly or black Choller it is very good to help Digestion and open the Obstructions of the Brain and causeth the Mind and Heart to become merry Wood-Betony Vertues and Vse THis is a very precious Herb most fitting to be kept in a Mans House both in Syrup Conserve Oyl Ointment and Plaister The Flowers are usually conserved The Green Herb bruised or the Juice applyed to any inward Hurt or outward green Wound in the Head or Body will quickly heal and close it up as also any broken Bone Splinter Thorn or other thing gotten into the Flesh and old Sores or filthy Ulcers The Powder of Betony mixed with pure Honey is very good for all sorts of Coughs or Colds Wheesing or Shortness of Breath Distillations of thin Rheum upon the Lungs which causeth Consumptions The Herb the Root or the Flâ—wers in Broth drunk or made into Conserve Syruâ— Electuary Water or Powder either of these wayes taken helpeth the Palsie Falling-sickness Jaundice Convulsions Gout or Shrinking of the Sinews Dropsies and Pains in the Head The Decoction of the Herb made with Mead and a little Penyroyal is good for those that are troubled with putrid Agues The Decoction made in Wine killeth the Worms in the Belly openeth Obstructions both of Spleen and Liver cureth Stitches and Pains in the Back or Sides the Torments and gripâ—ng of Pains of the Bowels and the Wind-Chollick and mixed with Honey purgeth the Belly A Drachm of the Powder of Betony taken with a little Honey in some Vinegar doth wonderfully refresh those that are oveâ—wearied by travail and helpeth those that piss or spit blood or that are Bursten or have a Rupture The Juice dropped into the Ears destroyeth the Worms easeth the Pains and cureth the running Sores in them The Leaves and Flowers are comfortable both in Meat and Medicine and helpeth those that cannot digest their meat or sowre Belchings or continual Rising in their stomach using them either green or dry Burnet Vertues and Vse THis Herb is little inferior to Betony for it is a most precious herb the continual use of it preserves the Body in health The Juice taken in some Drink and the Party laid to sweat is a special help to defend the heart from noisom Vapours and from infection of the Pestilence The distilled Water the Juyce or Decoction of the Herb or the Powder of the Root or Herb they are available in all manner of Fluxes of blood or humors to stanch bleeding inward or outward Lasks Scourings the Bloody-flux Womens too aboundant Courses the Whites and the chollerick belchings and castings of the Stomach and is a singular good Wound-herb for all sorts of Wounds either inward or outward Burrage and Bugloss Vertues and Vse THese are both great Cordials great Strengthners of Nature exceeding good Pot-herbs good for Bees and most comfortable for the heart and stomach The Flowers candied or made into a Conserve is good for those that are weak with long sickness and to comfort the heart and spirits of those that are in a Consumption or troubled with often swoonings or passions of the Heart The Distilled Water is effectual to all the purposes aforesaid and helpeth the redness and inflammation of the Eyes being washed therewith The Juice of the Herb made into a Syrup and taken is good to defend the Heart and help to resist and expel Poyson also good to expel Pensiveness and Melancholly it helpeth to clarifie the blood and mitigate heat in Feveâ—s The Root Seed and Leaves are good to all the purposes aforesaid The Seed and Leaves are good to encrease Milk in Womens Breasts The Leaves Flowers and Seed all or any of them are put with other cooling opening cleansing herbs to open Obstructions help the yellow Jaundice and mixed with Fumitory to cool cleanse and temper the Blood thereby it helpeth all spreading Scabs or Sores Carrets Vertues and Vse THey are useful in a Family and that Powder-beef Eaters do well know Carrets break Wind and remove Stitches in the Sides provoke Urin and Womens Courses and help to break and expel the Stone the wild kind is most effectual to the purposes aforesaid the Seed is good for the Dropsie helpeth the Chollick the Stone in the Kidneys and helpeth Conception being taken in Wine Cabbages and Coleworts Vertues and Vse THese are our Country Housewifes Pot-herbs they are much commended being eaten before meat to keep one from suâ—fetting as also from being drunk with Wine The often
eating of them well boyled helpeth those that are entring into a Consumption The Pulp of the middle ribs of Colewort boyled in Almond-milk and made up into an Electuary with Honey being taken often is very profitable for those that are pursie and short-winded The Decoction of Coleworts taketh away the Pain and Ach and allayeth the Swelling of swoln and gouty Legs and Knees wherein many gross and watery humors are fallen the place being bathed therewith warm Caraway Vertues and Vse THe Roots of Caraways eaten as men eat Parsnips strengthen the Stomach of Ancient People exceedingly Caraway Comfects once only dipped in Sugar and half a spoonful of them eaten in the Morning fasting and as many after each Meal are a most admirable Remedy for such as are troubled with Wind The seed is conducing to all the cold Griefs of head and stomach Sweet Cicely Vertues and Vse THis is an excellent Sallet Herb the candied Roots hereof are held as effectual as Angelica to preserve from Infection in the time of a Plague and to warm and comfort a cold weak Stomach The Root boyled and eaten with Oil and Vinegar doth much please and refresh an old cold Stomach oppressed with Wind or Flegm or those that have the Phthisick or Consumption of the Lungs the same drunk with Wine is a Preservative from the Plague expelleth Wind and procureth an Appetite to meat Chamomel Vertues and Vse THe Oyl made of the Flowers is much used against all hard swelling Pains or Aches Shrinking of the Sinews or Cramps or Pains in the Joynts or any other part of the Body The bathing with a Decoction of Chamomel taketh away Weariness easeth Pains to what part of the Body soever they be applyed it comforteth the Sinews that are over-strained mollifieth all Swellings it moderately comforteth all parts that have need of warmth digesteth and dissolveth whatsoever hath need thereof by a wonderful speedy property it easeth all the Pains of the Chollick and Stone and all Pains and Torments of the Belly and provoketh Urin A Syrup made of the Juice taken with Sugar is excellent for the Spleen also it most wonderfully breaks the Stone The Flowers boyled in Posset-drink provoke Sweat and helpe to expel Colds Aches and Pains A Syrup made of the Juice of Chamomel with the Flowers and White-wine is a Remedy against the Jaundice and Dropsie The Flowers boyled in Lye are good to wash the Head and comfort both it and the Brain Clary Vertues and Vse THe fresh Leaves dipped in a Batter of Flower Eggs and a little Milk and fried in Butter and served to the Table are not unpleasant to any but exceeding profitable for them that are troubled with weak Backs and the effects thereof The Seed or Leaves taken in Wine provoketh to Venery it is of much use both for Men and Women that have weak Backs to help to strengthen the Reins used either by it self or with other Herbs conducing to the same effect and in Tansies often Costmary Vertues vnd Vse THis Herb is very profitable taken when fasting in the Morning for the Pains in the head that are continual and to stay dry up and consume all thin Rheums or Distillations from the Head into the Stomach and helpeth much to digest raw humors that are gathered therein It is very profitable for those that are fallen into a continual evil disposition of the whole Body called Cachexia being taken especially in the beginning of the Disease It is an especial friend and help to evil weak and cold Livers Comfry Vertues and Vse THe Roots of Comfry being bruised and laid unto fresh Wounds or Cuts immediately healeth them and is especially for Ruptures and broken Bones It is said to be so powerful to consolidate and knit together that if it be boyled with dissevered pieces of flesh in a Pot it will joyn them together again The Root boyled in Water or Wine and the Decoction drunk helpeth all inward Hurts Bruises and Wounds and the Ulcers of the Lungs causing the Flegm that oppresseth them to be easily spit forth It stayeth the defluxion of Rheum from the Head upon the Lungs the Fluxes of Blood or Humors by the Belly Womens immoderate Courses A Syrup made thereof is very effectual for all those inward griefs and hurts and the Distilled Water for the same purpose The Roots taken fresh beaten small and spread upon Leather and laid upon any place troubled with the Gout do presently give ease of the Pains also give ease to pained Joynts and are good to be applyed to Womens Breasts that grow sore by the aboundance of Milk coming into them Cowslips Vertues and Vse AN Ointment made of the Leaves and Hogs-grease taketh away Spots and Wrinkles of the skin Sun-burnings and Freckles The Distilled Water of the Flowers and Leaves works the same effect and adds Beauty exceedingly they remedy all infirmities of the Head coming of wind and heat The Flowers Preserved or Conserved and the quantity of a Nutmeg eaten every Morning is a sufficient Dose for inward diseases Cinkfoyl Vertues and Vse THe Powder of the Leaves taken in White-wine or White-wine Vinegar about the quantity of 20 grains at a time of the said Powder doth seldom miss the cure of any Ague The Decoction of the said herb is as effectual The Juice or Decoction taken in Honey helpeth the hoarseness of the Throat and is good for the Cough of the Lungs The Roots are effectual to help Ruptures or Burstings taken either inwardly or outwardly or both as also for Bruises Falls or the like Celandine Vertues and Vse THe Herb bruised and laid to the Rists cureth all sorts of Agues The Juice dropped into the Eyes cleanseth them from Films and Cloudiness which darkens the fight The Herb or Roots boyled in White-wine with a few Annise-seeds and drunk openeth the Obstructions of the Liver and Gall and helpeth the Yellow-Jaundice and the Dropsie The Juice taken fasting is of singular good use against the Pestilence The Herb with the Roots bruised and heated with Oil of Camomile and applyed to the Navel taketh away the griping pain in the Belly and Bowels and all the pains of the Mother The Powder of the dryed Root laid upon an aking hollow or loose Tooth will cause it to fall out An Oil or Ointment made of Celandine is a speedy and certain Cure for Sore-eyes they being anointed therewith Clowns Woundworth Vertues and Vse A Syrup made of this Herb and Comfry will to admiration cure all inward Wounds Ruptures Spitting Pissing or Vomiting Blood An Ointment or Plaister made of this Herb and Comfry will excellently and speedily cure any Vein swelled Muscle cut or a Rupture if a Plaister be applyed to the place and by taking now and then a little of the Syrup Dill Vertues and Vse THe Herb or Seed being bruised and boyled or the Decoction in White-wine and drunk is a gallant Expeller of VVind and Provoker of the Terms and is good to ease Swellings and
all the purposes aforesaid and is good to cool the heat and sharpness of Urin The Distilled Water of the Herb is used by many as the more pleasing with a little Sugar to work the same effects Rubarb Vertues and Vse THe Powder of Rubarb taken with a little Mummia and Madder Roots in some Red-wine dissolveth clotted blood in the Body happening by any fall or bruise and healeth Burstings The Root steeped all night in White-wine and a draught drunk in a morning fasting or a drachm of the Powdeâ— of the dried Root being either taken of it self or with a scrupâ— of Ginger made into Powder in a Mess of Warm Broth or in a draught of White-wine purgeth Choller and Flegm downwards very gently and safely without danger cleanseth the Stomach Liver and Blood opening Obstructions helpeth those Griefs that come thereof as the Jaundice Dropsie swelling of the Spleen Tertian and Day Agues and the pricking pain of the Sides and also stayeth spitting of blood Rosemary Vertues and Vse THe dried Leaves shread small and taken in a Pipe as Tobacco is taken helpeth those that have any Cough or Phtisick or Consumption by warming and drying the thin Distillations which cause those diseases to burn the Herb in Chambers correcteth the air in them the Flowers and the Conserve made of them is singular good to comfort the heart and to expel the Contagion of the Pestilence the Decoction or Powder of Rosemary taken in Wine helpeth the cold Distillations of Rheum into the Eyes and all other cold Diseases of the Head and Brain as the Giddiness Drowsiness Dulness of the Mind and Senses dumb Palsie or loss of Speech and Falling-sickness to be both drunk and the Temples bathed therewith it is a Remedy for the Windiness in the Stomach or Bowels Wind in the Spleen helpeth those that are Liver-grown it helpeth a weak Memory quickneth the Senses helpeth dim Eyes and a stinking Breath it is very comfortable to the Stomach in all cold Griefs helping both retention of meat and digestion We shall here direct you to make a soveraign Oyl or Balm to heal the Diseases before mentioned Take what quantity you please of the Flowers and put them in a strong Glass tie a fine linnen cloth over the mouth and turn the mouth down into another strong Glass which being set in the Sun an Oyl will distill into the lower Glass this preserve as precious for divers uses to touch the Temples and Nostrils with two or three drops is the Dose allowed for the Diseases of the Head and Brains and a drop two or three as the cause requireth for the inward griefs Rue Vertues and Vse An Excellent Receipt or Antidote against Poison or Infection and to preserve the Body in health TAke twenty leaves of Rue a little Salt two Walnuts and two Figs all of them beaten together into a Mass with twenty Juniper Berries take every morning fasting the quantity of a Hazel Nut. We shall add another Receipt and it is a Remedy for the pains or griefs of the Chest or Stomach of the Spleen Belly or Sides by wind or stitches of the Liver obstructions of the Reins and Bladder by the stopping of Urin. Take of Nitre Pepper and Cummin-seed of each equal parts of Rue clean picked as in weight as all the other three First steep the Cummin-seed in Vinegar twenty four hours then dry it by the fire or in an Oven and then beat them well together and with Honey make it up into an Electuary this will also help to extenuate fat corpulent Bodies A Decoction made of Rue with some dried Dill leaves and flowers easeth all pains and torments inwardly to be drunk and outwardly to be applyed warm to the place grieved the same being drunk helpeth the pains both of Chest and Sides also Coughs hardness of breathing the Inflammations of the Lungs and the tormenting pains of the Sciatica and the Joynts being anointed or laid to the places as also the shaking Fits of Agues to take a draught before the Fit come Roses Vertues and Vse OF the Red Roses are made many Compositions all serving to sundry good uses the moist Conserve is both binding and Cordial for untill it be about two years old it is more binding than cordial and after that more cordial than binding The old Conserve mixed with Aromaticum Rosarum is a very good Cordial against Faintings Swounings Weakness and Trembling of the Heart strengthening both it and a weak Stomach helpeth Digestion stayeth casting and is a very good Preservative in the time of Infection some of the younger Conserve taken with Mithridatum mixed together is good for those that are troubled with Distillations of Rheum from the Brain to the Nose and defluxion of Rheum into the Eyes and being mixed with the Powder of Mastick is very good for the Running of the Reins and for other looseness of humors in the Body The dry Conserve or Sugar of Roses is a very good Cordial to strengthen the heart and spirits The Syrup of drie red Roses strengthens a Stomach given to casting cooleth an over-heated Liver comforteth the Heart and resisteth Putrefaction and Infection Red-rose Water is better than Damask being cooling and cordial refreshing and quickning weak and faint spirits and used either in meats or Broths Honey of Roses is good to gargle the Mouth and Throat to cleanse and heal them the Cordial Powder called Diarrhodon Abbatis and Aromaticum Rosarum doth comfort and strengthen the Heart and Stomach procures an Appetite helps Digestion and stayeth Vomiting Vinegar of Roses is of much good use and to procure rest and sleep if some thereof and Rose-water together be used to smell unto but more usually to moisten a piece of Red-rose Cake cut fit for the purpose and heated between a double folded Cloth with a little beaten Nutmeg and Poppy-seed strewed on the side that must lie next to the forhead and temples and so bound to for all night The Syrup of Damask Roses is both simple and compound the simple solutive Syrup is a familiar safe gentle and easie Medicine purging Choller taken from one ounce to three or four The Syrup with Agatick or the compound Syrup is more forcible in working for one ounce thereof by it self will open the body more than the other and worketh as much on Flegm as Choller Rupture-wort Vertues and Vse THe Juice or Distilled Water of the green Herb taken in Wine and drunk helpeth all Fluxes Vomitings Running of the Reins the Strangury Stone or Gravel in the Reins or Bladder also Stitches in the Side all griping pains in the Stomach or Belly the Obstructions of the Liver and the Yellow-Jaundice A drachm of the Powder of the dried Herb taken in Wine every day for certain dayes together is effectual for all the Diseases aforesaid and is found by experience to be an excellent and speedy Cure for the Rupture Sage Vertues and Vse THe Juice of Sage drunk with Vinegar is very good against