faithfull or that she her selfe be present with them Let her compell her sonnes to be formost at worke and let her shew them the example of their father that this may be as a double spurre vnto the men seruants Let her not endure them to vtter or speake any vnchast word oath or blasphemie in her house and let her cause Tale-bearers to be silent and not to trouble themselues with other folkes matters Let her keepe close vp her Stubble and lopping of Trees for fuell for the Ouen Let her not suffer the stalkes of her Beanes Peason Fetches Thistles Danewort the refuse of pressed things and other vnprofitable hearbes to be lost for in winter they being burnt into ashes will affoord prouision to lay Bucks withall or else be sold by little and little vnto the Towne Let her giue good account vnto the Mistresse or Lord of the Egges and young ones as well of Birds as of other Beasts Let her be skilfull in naturall Physicke for the benefite of her owne folke and others when they shall fall out to be ill and so in like manner in things good for Kine Swine and Fowles for to haue a Physition alwayes when there is not verie vrgent occasion and great necessitie is not for the profit of the house Let her keepe all them of her house in friendly good will one toward another not suffering them to beare malice one against another Let her gouerne her Bread so well as that no one be suffered to vse it otherwise than in temperate sort and in the time of Dearth let her cause to be ground amongst her Corne Beanes Pease Fetches or Sarrasins Corne in some small quantitie for this mingling of these flowers raiseth the paste maketh the Bread light and to be of a greater bulke At the same time she shall reserue the drosse of the Grapes shee presseth affoording them some little corner for the imploying of them in the deâ—raying of some part of charge for the seruants Drinke that so the Wine may serue for her husband and extraordinarie commers But the naturall remedies which shee shall acquaint her selfe withall for the succour of her folke in their sicknesses may be those or such as those are which I shall set downe by writing in manner of a Countrie Dispensatorie leauing the other more exquisite Remedies to bee vsed by the professed Physitions of the great Townes and Cities CHAP. XII The Remedies which a good Huswife must be acquainted withall for to helpe her people when they be sicke FIrst for the Plague shee shall make a distilled water of the hearbe called Regina prati after that shee hath caused the same to be steept in white Wine or else shee shall cause to lye to steepe in the iuice of Citrons a peece of Gold or the powder or leaues thereof for the space of 24 houres and afterward mixe that iuice with white Wine and the powder or decoction of the root of Angelica and so giue it to drinke to the infected Or else let her take two old Walnuts one Figge tenne leaues of Rue one graine of Salt powne and temper them altogether and rost them vnder the ashes and afterward being sprinkled with Wine let her giue them to be eaten Or else let her take one head of Garlicke twentie leaues of Rue as many of Clarey and powne them altogether with white Wine and a little Aqua vitae afterward let her straine them out and giue the partie to drinke thereof a good draught The water of Naphe drunke to the quantitie of six ounces causeth the malignitie of the Plague to breake forth by Sweats the iuice of Marigolds Scabious and of the flowers of Betonie doe the like Apply vpon the swelling a loafe very hot or a Henne â—ut through the middest or a white Onion made hollow on the root side and filled vp againe with good strong Treacle or Mithridate softened with the iuice of Citrons it hauing all this within it and being well stopped must be rosted vnder the ashes till it be rotten after that powne it well in a Mortar and apply it or else if it be strained the iuice drunke and the drossie part applyed to the place you shall perceiue the like effect For a continuall Feauer which is otherwise called the hot Disease shee shall apply vpon either wrest of both the armes the iuice of the stinging Nettle mixed with the oyntment of Poplar buds or two springs of new-layed Egges Soot taken off from the Hub of the Chimney and well beaten togethâ—â— and mixt with salt and strong vineger let her bind the whole vnto the parties wrests with a Linnen Cloth or else in place of this shee shall take away the heart of an Onion and fill it with Mithridate and apply it fast bound vpon the wrest of the right arme or else shee shall take the heart of a water-Frog and apply it vpon the heart or backe bone of the sicke partie or else she shall apply vpon the region of the Liuer or vnto the soles of the seet quicke Tenches Many for this cause doe stampe the small Sorrell and make a drinke for the great heat thereof as also make a Cataplasme thereof to apply to the wrests of the sicke partie Others doe the like with the water which they straine out of a great Citrull Others cause to steepe in water the whole seed of Flea-wort for the space of a night and minister of this water with a little Sugar to the sicke partie to drinke For a Quartane Ague take of small Sage or for want of it the other Hysope Wormewood Parsley Mints Mugwort white spotted Trefoile stampe them all together with the spring of an Egge and the grossest Soot that you shall find cleaâ—ing to the Chimney and of the strongest vineger that may be found infuse them altogether and make thereof Cataplaâ—mes fit to be applyed to the wrests of the hands To the same purpose steepe the crummes of two white Loaues as they come from the Ouen in a quart of Vineger afterward distill the same by a Lâ—â—becke and giue thereof a small draught to the sicke partie to drinke about some two houres before the fit come Some hold it also for a singular remedie to take the iuice of the female white Mulleine before it put forth his stalke pressed or drawne forth with white Wine and drunke a small space before the fit The like effect hath the iuice of Folefoot the decoction of the leaues and rootes of Veruaine boyled in white Wine the decoction of Calaminâ— Peniryall Organie Burrage Buglosse Languede-boeuf the rind of the root of Tamariske Ash-tree Betonâ—e Tyme Agrimonie and the roots of Sperage all boyled in white Wine the iuice of Wormewood and Rue powred from their feelings and drunke before the fit the iuice of Plantaine drunke with honied water Some doe make great account of the powder of the root of Asarum otherwise called Cabaret dryed in the Sunne or in
the Ouen and taken in the weight of a French crowne with white Wine halfe a quarter of an houre before the fit Furthermore the Liniment made with Mithridate or the oyle of Scorpions applyed to the ridge of the backes soles of the feet palmes of the hands brow and temples some small time before the fit The verie same vertue hath the oyles of Bâ—yes mixed with Aqua vitae Some townesmen doe vse this superstitious rite against such manner of agues that is to say they eat nine dayes together being fasting the leaues of Sage the first day nine the second eight and so consequently they diminish euerie day a leafe vntill the last of the said nine dayes and the confident persuasion that they haue of this medicine doth cure them Some find it verie singular in a Quartane Ague after purging to drinke white wine wherein there hath beene Sage steeped all night if you eat before the fit a head of Garlicke pilled you shall scape the fit of shiuering cold if you drinke one or two ounces of the iuices of the root of Elder stamped and strained some small time before the fit and take the same againe two or three times you shall lose your ague The distilled water of the roots of Sea-Holly or else take a dramme of Myrrhe in powder and drinke it with Malmesey an houre before the fit The distilled water or decoction of Carduâ— Benedictus and taken before the fit Pills made of Myrrhe and of Treacle as big as a â—ich pease taken an houre before the fit For the Thirst of an Ague let him roll to and fro vpon his tongue the three-cornered stone found in the heads of Carpes or the leaues of round Sorrell or a piece of Siluer or Gold or a Snayle stone or a piece of Crystall oftentimes dipt in water or the leaues of Purslâ—ne or of Houseleeke or the husked seeds of Cucumbers For a Tertian Ague steepe in white Wine the bruised root of hearbe Patience for the space of three or foure houres afterward straine it and reserue about a pretie draught to giue the sicke to drinke an houre or two before his fit or else doe the like with the rootes of Plantaine steept in equall quantitie of Wine and Water or take a pretie draught of the iuice of Plantaine or of Purâ—lane or of Pimpernell and drinke them a verie little while before the fit or else drinke with Wine euerie day six leaues of Cinquefoile that is to say three in the morning and three at the euening or the iuice of Smallage of Sage and good strong Vineger of euerie one an ounce three houres before the fit The most soueraigne remedie that some men doe find for it is to drinke fasting fiue houres before the fit two ounces of the iuice of Pomegranats and presently after to lay to the wrists temples and soles of the feet small pills of the bignesse of a Pease made of an ounce of the oyntment of Populeon and two drammes of Spiders webs and there to leaue them vntill such time as that the houre and feare of the fit be past or else a Cataplasme made of Sage Rue Greeke Nettle gathered before Sunne-rise of each a handfull Salt and Soot the quantitie of a Walnut it being all stamped with vineger and applyed to the pulset an houre before the fit Some doe greatly approue of a Liniment of Earthwormes boyled with Goose grease to rub the brow and temples of the sicke partie withall before the fit or else to carrie about his necke the hornes of a swift Hart which is a singular remedie For a Quotidian it is good to drinke somewhat before the fit the iuice drawne out of Betonie and Plantaine or to drinke euerie morning a reasonable draught of the decoction made of the root of Smallage Parsley Radishes Sperage leaues of Betonie and Spleenwort red cich Pease and the middle riâ—de of Elder or to steepe in white wine the roots of Danewort and to drinke a small draught thereof an houre before the fit but after that hee must take heed of sleeping or let him drinke euerie day with Wine two leaues of Cinquefoile one in the morning and another at euening as also let him apply vnto his pulses the Cataplasme that wee haue set downe for the Quartane Ague To take away the paine of the Head comming of great heat namely such as befalleth Mowers during the Summer time there must be applyed vpon the browes slices of Gourds or Linnen Clothes dipped in Rose water or the iuice of Plantaine Nightshade Lettuce Purcelane and Vineger of white Wine or let her beat two whites of egges with Rose water and with Flaxe make a Frontlet or stampe bitter Almonds with Veruaine water and apply them vnto the browes or to wash the head in warme water in which hath beene boyled the leaues of Vines and Willowes the flowers of Water-Lillies and Roses and with the same water to wash the feet and legges and if in case the paine be so great as that there is feare that hee should loose his wits let there be applyed vpon the crowne of his head browes and temples a Cataplasme made of the white of an egge Bole-armoniacke Crabbes throughly boyled and Poppie seed with the water of Betonie and Vineger If the Head complaine it selfe of too much Drinke there may be made a Frontlet with wild Time Maiden haire and Roses or receiue and take the fume of the decoction of Coleworts or by and by after the head beginneth to be ill to eat one or two short-started Apples or some bitter Almonds or else to drinke of the shauings of Harts-horne with Fountaine or Riuer water or if you see that your stomacke be not sicke thou mayst take of the haire of the Beast that hath made thee ill and drinke off a good glasse of Wine If the Head become sicke of some great Cold apply and lay to the Head a bag full of Branne Millet and rubbed Salt or of Sage Marierome Betonie Tyme Annise-seed Fennell-seed Bay-berries and Iuniper-berries as hot as you can endure them or else chafe the temples with the iuice of Nightshade oyle of Roses and Vineger To cure the Frensie that commeth of a hot cause you must apply vpon the head of the patient the lungs of a Sheepe newly killed or the whole Gather or some Henne or Pigeon slit along the backe and applyed vnto the same place or rub his browes and all his head ouer with oyle of Roses Vineger and Populeon or with the iuice of Nightshade oyle of Roses and Vineger To awake those which are giuen to sleepe too soundly it is good to make a Frontlet of Sauorie boyled in Vineger or to make a perfume for the patients nosthrils with strong Vineger or seed of Rue or Nigella or feathers of a Partridge or of old Shooe soles or of the hoofes of an Asse or of mans haire or else to apply vpon the browes a Cataplasme of
Mithridate and vpon the right arme the head of a Bat. To cause them to sleepe which cannot well slumber it is good to make a Frontlet with the seed of Poppie Henbane Lettuce and the iuice of Nightshade or the milke of a woman giuing a girle sucke or with the leaues of ground yuâ—e stamped with the white of an egge or put vnder the pillow a Mandrake apple or the greene leaues of Henbane and rub the soles of the feet with the greaâ—e of a Dormouse For the swimming in the Head there is commonly vsed the conserue of the flowers of Betonie or Aqua vitae or the confection called Electuarium Anacardinum To preserue such from the Apoplexie as are subiect vnto it let them drinke in Winter a good spoonefull of Aqua vitae well sugred and let them eat a bit of White bread by and by after or in stead of Aqua vitae let them drinke the Claret water which I will set downe hereafter or of the water of the root of the wild Vine or of the powder of the root thereof continually for the space of a yeare For the Palsie rub the place afflicted with the oyle of Foxes Bayes and Castoreum mixing therewith a little Aqua vitae vse likewise oftentimes the water of Cinnamon and of S. Iohns wort or the conserues of Sage Rosemarie Cowslips Baulâ—â—e and Mithridate make him drie Bathes with the decoction of Lauander Coastmarie Danewort Sage and Marierome To preserue one from the Falling sicknesse otherwise called S. Iohns disease it is a soueraigne thing to drinke for the space of nine dayes a little draught of the iuice of the hearbe Paralysis or Cowsâ—â—ps or of the distilled water of the Linden tree or of Coriander or to vse euerie morning for the space of fortie dayes a powder made of the seed of Pionie and Missletoe of the Oake or of the skull of a Man and more specially of that part of the skull which is neerest vnto the seame of the crowne with neat Wine or with the decoction of Pionie as also to hang about his necke the Missletoe of the Oake or some piece of a mans skull or of the root or seed of male Pionie or of the stone that is found in Swallowes neasts or to weare about his necke or vpon one of his fingers some ring wherein shal be set the bone of the foot of the Oxe called Elam or Alce and that so as that the bone may touch the flesh or bare skin you shall deliuer them that are in that fit if you tickle them and pinch their great toe or rub their lips with mans bloud To take away the rednesse of the Face it is good to wash the face with the decoction of the chaffe of Barley and Oates and to foment it afterward with the iuice of Citrons or else take foure ounces of Peach kernels two ounces of the husked seedes of Gourds bruise them and presse them out strongly to the end they may yeeld their oyle rub or touch with this liquor the pimples or red places To take away the spots of the Face make a composition of the flower of Lupines Goats gall iuice of Limons and verie white Allome touch the spotted places with this oyntment or else make an oyntment with the oyle of bitter Almonds Honey Ireos and Waxe or else rub your face with the bloud of a Cocke Henne or Pigeon or foment it with the water of the flowers of Beanes Orenges or Mulberries For the Kings euill take Leekes with the leaues and roots of the hearbe Patience presse out about some pound of the iuice thereof in which you shall dissolue an ounce of Pellitorie powdred and a scruple of Viridis aeris mixe all verie well together and herewithall you shall daily foment the said disease Hang about your necke the roots of water Betonie and the lesser Plantaine If you cut the foot of a great Witwall or Toad when the Moone is declining and beginneth to ioyne it selfe to the Sunne and that you apply it round about his neck which hath the Kings euill you shall find it verie soueraigne for the said disease The dung of a Cow or Oxe heated vnder the ashes betwixt Vine or Colewort leaues and mingled with Vineger hath a propertie to bring the swelling to ripenesse Or else vse this remedie which is alwayes readie singular good and well approued Take a sufficient quantitie of Nicotiana stampe it in a verie cleane Mortar and apply both the iuice and drossie parts thereof vnto the said tumour together and doe this nine or tenne times The Rheume falling downe vpon the eyes is stayed by a Cataplasme applyed to the browes made of the muscillage of shell-Snailes and corporated with the flower of Frankincense and Aloes well stirred together vntill that the whole become to the thicknesse of Honey For a weake Sight take Fennell Veruaine Clarey Rue Eye-bright and Roses of each a like and distill them all in a Limbecke of this water distilled put three or foure drops in your eyes morning and euening Also the water of young Pies distilled in a Furnace is verie good in like manner the water of rotten Apples putting two or three drops thereof into them It is good for the same disease to take the vapour of the decoction of Fennell Eye-bright and Rue to drinke euerie morning a small draught of Eye-bright wine or to prepare a powder with dried Eye-bright and Sugar to take thereof euerie morning the weight of a French crowne two or three houres before meat There is a stone found within the gall of an Oxe which put into the nosthrils doth maruellously cleare the sight â—o doth the wine made of the root of Maiden haire if it be oft vsed in the morning For the paine of the Eyes it is good to make the decoction of Camomile Melilot and the seed of Fennell in water and white Wine and dipping a foure-fold Linnen Cloth therein and after wringing it well to apply the same oftentimes to the eye or else to lay vpon it womans milke and the white of an egge well beat together The rednesse of the Eyes is amended by the applying of Linnen Clothes or Plegets of Flaxe moistened in the whites of egges well beat together with Rose or Plantaine water or else boyle a sowre and sharpe Apple take the pulpe thereof and mix it with Nurce milke afterward make a little Liniment to be applyed to the red eye-lids In the meane time you may apply to the temples a frontlet made with Prouence Roses or conserue of Roses and other astringent things to the end that the â—heâ—me falling from the braine may be stayed seeing it is the cause of such rednesse Other cause small thinne and daintie slices of Veale or of the necke of an Oxe newly killed to be steeped in womans milke and lay them vpon the eyes laying againe aboue them stupes of Flaxe Some cause little children to
pure Wheat boyled till it become like pappe with thicke red Wine and apply it vnto the teates vpon plageats as hot as may be endured For belching at the mouth it is good to take fasting a Dredge made of Annise Fennell Caraway and Coriander seed or else to drinke Wine in the morning two or three times and that such as wherein hath beene boyled Bay-berries Annise Coriander and Fennell seed and apply vpon the stomacke a bag full of Rue Wormewood Marierome and Mints For the Hicket it is good to keepe ones breath oftentimes and long to stop both his eares to hold his head awry and his mouth couered and vpward to procure himselfe to neese to labour much to endure thirst to cast cold water in his face which hath the Hicket thereby to cause him to feare Some are of opinion that if he which hath the Hicket doe count and reckon the first saying one or borrowing hee shall haue no moe but that one Against Vomiting take a tost of bread and steepe it in the claret water hereafter described or in the iuice of Mints spread it ouer with the powder of Masticke apply it warme vnto the stomacke renewing it euerie three houres Otherwise take two handfuls of Mints and one of Roses boyle them in Wine take afterward two ounces of tosted bread and let it be well steeped in Wine and afterward compounded with Masticke and the said Mints and Roses make thereof a playster to lay to the stomacke before you goe to meat It is true that if the vomiting be with an ague it will be good to boyle the Mints and Roses and to steepe the tosted bread in vineger In like manner Mints brayed and mingled with oyle of Roses applyed vnto the stomacke is a singular helpe for any kind of vomiting it is good likewise at the end of meat to swallow downe one gulpe of Water or a morsell of Marmalade of Quinces not drinking afterward and in the morning two houres before meat to swallow fiue or six Pepper-cornes whole with Wine or the sirrup of Mints or of Wormewood or greene Ginger preserued It is also good to set cupping Glasses vpon the bottome of the Stomacke or vnder the Nauell and then chiefely when the partie eateth to take rest after meat and to talke or cough any thing at all For the paine of the Stomacke fill a dish with hot ashes sprinkle them with Wine oueâ— them cast a Linnen cloth which may couer all the dish apply this vnto the pained place or else put vnto the stomacke a hot bagge full of fried Salt or else take the crums of a good thicke Loafe and being dipt as it commeth hot out of the Ouen in the Oyle of Camomill and wrapt in a Linnen cloth let it be applyed vnto the paine or else fill a Swines bladder with the decoction of the leaues of Bayes Organiâ— Marierome Mints Time Camomill Calamint Melilote Annise and Fennell seed apply it to the paine warme it againe when it shall be cold or else make a cake with a handfull of Wormewood Mints and Roses kneaded with Rye Leauen and Wine and apply it vnto the stomacke For the obstruction of the Liuer vse a decoction made of Succorie the roots of Parsley Smallage Fennell Dogs grasse Patience Butchers broome Cich pease Capillus Veneris Hoppes and Fumitorie vse-likewise oftentimes the shauings of Iuorie For the heat of the Liuer there is nothing better than to vse Lettuce Sorrell Purcelane Hoppes in pottage and sometimes to drinke the water of the said hearbes fasting or the water of Endiue Against the Iaundise drinke fasting of the dung of Ganders the weight of a French crowne well mingled with white wine for the space of nine dayes or else of the decoction of the leaues and roots of Strawberries or else take Missletoe of the white Thorne gathered before the Sunne rise about a handfull three or foure roots of Parsley bray them all together with white wine let them runne through a linnen cloth or strainer and drinke of this euening and morning a reasonable draught This is a more excellent remedie than many others which notwithstanding women with child must not vse but in place of it you must apply to the wrists and soles of their feet the leaues of Missletoe of the Oake of great Celandine and Horehound the whole being brayed with a little wine and made in forme of a Cataplasme Some commend highly against the Iaundise to take of the wormes of the earth to wash them in white wine and after to drie them and making a powder of them to giue thereof a small spoonefull in white Wine or the decoction of Wormewood or of Horehound or to drinke fasting ones owne vrine certaine dayes or to drinke for the space of eight mornings with white wine fasting fiue trottles of â— Goat Some say that to carrie in the left hand three leaues of wild Rocket doth cure the Iaundise Some also hold that to weare vnder the soles of the feet the leaues of Shepheards purse or of great Celandine next vnto their bare feet doth the like For the Dropsie it is good to make a drinke with the seed of Broome pouned and brayed in white wine or to make a drinke of the iuice of the root of Gladiolus or Asarum with white wine or to drinke fasting his owne vrine for the space of certaine dayes to apply in like manner vnto the moist places a Cataplasme of Cowes dung warme with which as Galen testifieth a Physition of Misia did maruellously heale all manner of Dropsies or to apply vpon the swolne place shell-Snayles aliue not washed but carefully bruised A secret remedie against the Dropsie is to drinke with honied water the powder of Glasse seuen times burned and seuen times quenched in the iuice of Flower-de-luce or white wine For the paine or heauinesse of the Spleene drinke wine wherein hath boyled Scolopendrium Sperage and Hoppes or else drinke oftentimes fasting of the broth of red Coleworts halfe boiled or of the decoction of Romane Wormwood or of Pauls Betonie or of small Centaurie or Smiths forge-Forge-water For the paine of the Collicke there is nothing more soueraigne than to weare about him a Ring or Boxe of siluer in which is inclosed some part of the nauell of an infant newly borne and that the Ring do touch the flesh There is also nothing more singular than to drinke in a pretie draught of white wine the red pill which is to be found in the space and cartilaginous gristles of Walnut kernels dried in the moneth of August and made into powder or to drinke foure or fiue ounces of the oyle of Nuâ—s or of Linseed or of the shells of ripe Nuts or the water of Camomill or the decoction of the seed of Hempe or Wine wherein hath beene steept for the space of tenne or twelue houres the root of Enula campana bruised or the powder of a Stagâ— pizzle drunke
with water or the dung of Hennes drunke with Hypocras made of honey and wine or a Clister made of Brine or the heart of a Larke swallowed downe while it is fresh and new or the said heart of a Larke fastened to the thigh As concerning outward remedies some approue greatly to take the skin of a sheepe all new or the kell of the intrailes of a sheepe newly killed to apply it vnto the bellie or to make a bag of Millet Branne Wheat and Salt fried together to lap vpon the bellie A Cataplasme made of Wolues dung is also profitable against the Collicke the same dung drunke with a little wine doth verie much good the bones found in the dung of a Wolfe powned small and drunke with wine haue the like qualitie Some say that if you take ashes comming verie hot from vnder the coales of fire and put the said ashes in a dish or pot and afterward poure thereon a good glasâ—e of Claret wine and afterward couer the said dish with ashes with a linnen cloth foure double and apply it vnto the bellie you shall find release and mitigation of your paine For the â—uâ—orall â—lux of the Bellie it is good to drinke milke wherein hath beene quenched a gad of Steele or of yron or milke boyled with a halfe quantitie of water and that vnto the consumption of the water or hee shall take of a Stags pizzle with Cesâ—â—rue water to vse Rice parched to take a dramme of Masticke powdred with the yolke of an egge to make a Cataplasme with the flower of Wheat to apply all ouer the Nauell but it must be wrought with red Wine and after baked in the Ouen For the bloudie Flux giue to drinke with red wine the bloud of a Hare dried and made in powder or the powder of mens bones or else gather the dung of a dogge which for three dayes hath fed vpon nothing but bones and this you must drie to make into powder of 〈◊〉 powder giue vnto him that is troubled with such Flux twice a day in milke wherein you shall haue quenched manie stones of the Riuer verie throughly heated in a verie hot fire continue this two or three dayes or else giue to drinke the distilled water of the great Burre oâ— the decoction of shepheards Purse or the distilled water of Woodbâ—nd or else giue to drinke the seed of Plantaine in powder or the distilled water of the first buds of the Oake or the powder of Snayles burnt with the powder of Brier-berries and a little white Pepper and Galls or of the Harts and Goats horne burned or rather of the pizzle of a Haâ—t prepared as wee haue taught here aboue in setting downe the remedies for the Pleurisie For to stay the flux of Bloud drinke a reasonable draught of the iuice or decoction of dead Nettle make Clysters with the 〈◊〉 of Plantaâ—ne and Horse-taile vse the broth of Coleworts â—odden vâ—rie tender the iuice of Pomegrants and the substance it selfe Sallads of Plantaine and Sorrell chaw oftentimes some Rubarbe To loosen the Bellie â—ou must eat sweet Cherries or Peaâ—hes Figges or Mulberries fasting to sâ—p the first broths of Coleworts of Beets of Mallowes or Lettuces or of Cich-pease without salt to apply vnto the stomacke a Cataplasme made with Honey the gall of a Bull and the roet of Sow-bread or the leaues of Apples of coloquâ—â—tida to take a Suppositorie made of fat Bacon or the stalke of a Mallow or Beet To kill the wormes of little children it is good to cause them to vse preserued Rubarbe or the câ—nserue of Peach flowers to drinke the distilled water of Gentian or the â—â—ce of Câ—trons the iuice of Mints or Basill of Purcelane Rue or Wormwood or else to cause them to swallow with a verie small draught of Wormewood wine of the powder made of Wormes first dried and after burned on a fire-pan red hot and make it into verâ—e â—ine powder or of the powder of blessed Thistle or of Coralline the weight of a French crowne also to apply vnto the Nauell a cataplasme made of Wormewood Tansie and an Oxe gall and all this must be done toward the later end of the Moone To stay the excessiue paine of outward Hemorrhoids you must make a Liniment of oyle of Roses waâ—â—ed in the water of Violets fresh Butter oyle of Linseed the yolke of an egge and a little waxe or else to make a little cataplasme with the crums of a white loafe sleept in Cowes milke adding thereto two yolkes of egges a little Saffron and a little Populeon There may also a little Liniment be made with fresh butter and the powder of Corke-tree burned In the paine of the Hemorrhoids therâ— is nothing more singular than the perfume made of shauings of Iuorie To stay the excessiue flux of the Hemorrhoids it is a most singular remedie to drinke a dramme of red Corall or of the scumme of yron with the water of Plantain and also to make a fomentation of the decoction of white Henbane or in place of this a Cataplasme made of the powder of burnt Paper or of the shauings of Lead or of Bole Armoniack with the white of an egge or of three Oyster shells finely poudred either raw or burnt and mixt with a little fresh butter For the stone in the Reines you must drinke often of the iuice or water of the bodie of the Beech tree which water must be gathered in the Spring time in as much as then the bodie or the rinde thereof being 〈◊〉 or cut to the qâ—â—cke doth yeeld a great quantitie of water verie singular for this purpose The fruit of the Eglantinâ— preserued before it be ripe after the manner of Marmalate with Sugar hauing first taken the kernels from within taken fasting to the end of the last quarter and first daies of the Moone following in drinking somewhat more than a reasonable draught of white wine or of the water of wild Tansie or such other is verie excellent therefore He must also drinke very oft with white wine the pouder of the pâ—lling of Rest-harrow or Buck-thorne or of the gumme which groweth round about the riâ—des of Vines or of the seed of Goose-grasâ—e finely powdred or to drinke the distilled water of Radish roots and Nettle roots with a little Sugar or the water of Broome or of Dogs-grasse or of wild Tansie the water or iuice of Radish wherein is dissolued the powder of egge-shels burnt or of the stones of Medlars or of the eye of a Partridge or of the braine of a Pie or of the inward skin of thâ—â— stomacke of a Henne or Câ—pon Euerie man prayseth this decoction whereof Aetius maketh mention in his chapter of Sea-Holly Take the roots of Sea-Holly the pith taken out and make them verie cleane steepe them eight houres in Fountaine water after that to boyle them till the halfe of the water be consumed in the end of the boyling cast
into the pot Licorice bruised let this decoction coole at leisure And as for outward meanes it is good to apply a Cataplasme made of Pellitorie of the wall vnto the reines or else a Cataplasme made of the root of Cypres and the leaues of Bell-flower boyled in wine The best and most soueraigne of all the rest is to prepare a Bath wherein haue boyled the leaues of water-Paâ—sley Mallowes Holihocks March Violets Pellitorie flowers of Broome and Camomill and within the Bath vpon the reines a bagge full of Branne and water-Parsley For the Collick caused of Grauell cause to boyle the leaues and flowers of Camomill in an equall quantitie of water and white wine to the wasting of the third part drinke the decoction warme suddenly the paine will be appeased For the difficultie of Vrine drinke the iuice of Winter Cherries or the decoction of Radish roots in white wine or the decoction of hearbe Patience or of the Thistle said to haue an hundred heads or of Bell-flower or of the white prickly Thistle or of Sperage or of Dogs-grasse or of Rest harrow also apply vpon the yard or secret parts a Cataplasme or Liniment of Fleawort Some hold it for a great secret to drinke white wine wherein hath beene brayed Sowes found in caues and hollow places or to make powder of the said Sowes dryed and so to giue the same to drinke in white wine Others doe greatly esteeme the distilled water of the pillings of the root of Rest-harrow first steeped in Malmesey For the stone in the Bladder it is a singular thing to drinke the iuice of Limons with white wine or to make a powder of the stones of Medlars first washed in white wine and after dryed of Broome-seed Burnet-seed and of the seed of Sperage Holihockes Saxifrage Melons Pompions Citruls and of the hearbe good against pearles and to vse these with white wine There is an hearbe growing at the new Towne LeGuyard called in French Crespinette by those that dwell thereabouts and of this the young Ladie of Villeneufue sister to the late deceased Monsieur Cardinall of Bellay caused to be distilled a Water which is singular against the difficultie of Vrine and the stone in the Bladder as I my selfe haue proued diuers times Some hold it also for a singular remedie to make a powder of the stones of Sponges or of the stone which is found in the head of Cray-fishes or of the shells of small Nuts or of the gumme of Cherrie trees and to take it with white Wine or the iuice of Radishes Or else the distilled water of the stalkes of Beanes red Cich-pease and the seed of Holihock The which followeth of Glasse is a great secret which being burned and quenched seuen times in the water of Saxifrage and afterward made into a verie fine powder and giuen with white wine vnto the partie troubled with grauell doth breake the stone in them in any part of the bodie Another secret is that of the shells of egges which haue brought forth Chickens being brayed brewed and drunke with white wine which breaketh the stone as well of the Reines as of the Bladder For all such persons as pisse in their bed whiles they be asleepe and cannot hold their vrine there is nothing better than to eat oftentimes the lungs of a young Kid rosted or to drinke with wine the powder of the braines or stones of a Hare as also the powder of a Cowes bladder or of a Hogs Sheepe or Goats bladder or the powder made of the roots of Bistort or of Tormentill with the iuice of Plantaine or with the milke of Sheepe or the ashes of the flesh of an Hedgehog For the burning of the Vrine let be taken of shell-Snayles and whites of egges of each a pound of the great and small cold feeds of each halfe an ounce halâ—e a pound of the water of Lettuce foure ounces of good Cassia three ounces of Venice Turpentine powne that which may be powned and let it all stand to mix together for the space of a night afterward distill them in a Limbecke in Mariâ—s bath let this water settle some time before that you vse it giue thereof halfe an ounce euerie morning with a dramme of Saccharum Rosatum continue the vse thereof as long as you are able To make a woman fruitfull which is barren let her drinke foure dayes after the purging of her naturall course the iuice of Sage with a verie little salt and let her continue and goe ouer this course diuers times To stay the excessiue flux of the flowers of Women they must drinke with the iuice of Plantaine the powder of the Cuttle bone or the bone of a Sheepes foot burned or the shells which Pilgrims bring home after their pilgrimage to S. Iames or of Corall or of Harts horne or of the shells of burnt egges or of twelue red graines of the seed of Pionie or to swallow with the yolke of an egge the powder of Tezill or the scumme of yron first dipt in vineger and after made into fine powder And as for outward meanes it is good to apply vnto the Nauell shell-Snayles well brayed or the red in the void space of the Nut burnt and powdred and mingled with wine Make a Cataplasme of Soot or of the scraping got from vnder the bottome of a Caulâ—rton mingle it with the white of an egge or the iuice of dead Nettle or white Mulâ—â—â—ne and apply it vnto the loynes and bottome of the belly Or to fill a bag sufficient full of grosâ—e salt to dip in fresh water newly drawne out of the Well and to apply it to the hollow of the Reines Some make great account of Cherry-tree gumme infused in the iuice of Plantaine and cast into the priuie parts with small Siâ—ings 〈◊〉 to apply to the breasts the leaues of Celandine For the white termes of Women after that the bodie is purged it is good to drinke with the iuice of Plantaine or the water of Purcelane the powder of Amber of Corall or of Bole Armoniake or of Terra sigillata or of Steele prepared or of Sponge burnt in a pot or of the Sea-Snayle first burnt and afterward washt in wine And as for outward meanes there must be made a Lee with ashes of Oake wood or of the Figge-tree or of the Osier in which there must be boyled the rind of Pomegranats Gâ—â—â—s pieces of Corke leaues and roots of Bisâ—ort and of Peruincle beyond-sea Roses with a verâ—e small quantitie of Allome and Salt and of this to make a fomentation or a halfe bath For to cause women to haue their termes they must drinke euerie morning two ounces of the water of Mugwort or of the decoction of Dogs-grasse Cich-pease the seed of common or Romane Nigella of the root of Smallage Cinnamon and Saffron the roots of Radish of the Tasell in which one may dissolue as much Mirrhe as the quantitie of a Beane The iuice
till they become very blacke then powre vpon them by little little the oyle of Oliues alwaies turning them to fro in such sort as that they may drinke vp all the oyle and after become drâ—e againe insomuch as that they being taken from the fire may be pouned very well whereunto adde of Vitriol Roscmarie Sal gemmâ— the drie earth whereof tyles are made Cloues all these being likewise made in pouder On the other side boile in wine the â—ind of the Walnut of the Pemgranat and Allome as much of the one as of the other so long as till the Wine become blacke as â—inke straine this Wine and cast into it your powder before you vse it scoure your â—ead with some good lee and then hauing dried it againe afterward wash it with this Wine wherein these drugs be and then put on a coise and so keepe it for fiue or six houres after in the end wash it verie well with water and wine and drie it the haire will abide blacke for fiue or six moneths Against the biting of a maâ— dogge giue to eat the root of sweet Eglantine â—oment the place with the vrine of a young infant or with the grosse partâ— of the decoction of Rue Figges red Coleworts and salt mixt with honey and butter If the Husbandman or any of his people haue beene bitten with a Snake or other Serpent let him drinke presently an indifferent draught of the iuice of the Ash tree pressed out with white wine and let him apply vnto the bitten place in manner of a Cataplasme the leaues out of which the iuice was pressed or let him drop into the hole made by the Snakes biâ—ing three or foure drops of the milke of the Figge-tree or of Figges or some Mustard seeds powned with vineger or else take the leaues of white Mullein Auens red Goose-berrie bush of each a handfull boyle them all in vineger vrine of a man a like much vnto the consumption of the halfe drinke an indifferent draught of this decoction and foment the bitten place with the leaues If it fall out that a Snake or any other Serpent be crept into the Farmers bodie or into the bodie of any of his seruants lying asleepe with their mouthes open in the Medowes Gardens or other places there is nothing more soueraigne to force the fame againe out of such a bodie than to take at the mouth with a Funnell the smoake of a perfume made of some old shooe sole for the Snake detesteth such stinking fauours aboue all other things and to drinke the decoction of Veruaine made in white wine A thing tried and approued If a man haue swallowed downe a Horse-leach in drinking water you must giue him fleas with strong vineger If any Rat Spider Flie Waspe Hornet or other venomous Beast by his sting or biting haue caused your flesh to rise rub verie gently the offended place with the iuice of Houseleeke and incontinently the painâ— aud swelling will cease or else rub the place with your owne spettle or else put vpon the stung place the dung of a Cow or Oxe verie hot To kill Lice rub the place with the iuice of Brooâ—e mixe it with the oyle of Radish or of Iuâ—iper or with the decoction of Sâ—auesaâ—â— or else boyle within an earthen pot well leaded equall parts of Olibanum and lard of Bacon make them in forme of an Oyntment passe them through a Sâ—arce and keepe it afterward to rub the head withall or any other place where Lice are 〈◊〉 the danger ensuing of the eating of Mushromes drinke with honey and vineger Hennes dung brayed and you shall within an houre be healed of the heauinesse and strangling fits of the stomacke or else drinke the lee made of the Vine branches with a little salt And for as much as in the most part of the diseases aboue named and such others it is needfull that there should some purgation be taken to cast out the hurtfull humors which gather in the bodie the wise huswife may prouide and make this purgatiue following Take Virgins honey one pound Rubarbe or Sene or Agarick euen of any one of them or all three made into powder foure ounces mixe this powder with the honey and let it stand in the shadow sixtie daies in a potwell couered stirre it euerie day and take away the froth which you shall find on the top of it the honey will keepe all the force of the medicine and will cast vp in a scumme the substance thereof in such sort as that still it will abide without mixture To make this composition the more pleasant you may mixe therewithall some one or other drug that is pleasant and of a good rellish If you further desire to be instructed in diuers other remedies which are readily and easily to be gotten looke in our Latine worke called Thesaurus 〈◊〉 paratu facilis CHAP. XIII Of Kine and Calues FOr the better keeping of Kine let the Huswife procure and cause 〈◊〉 maids to ouer-looke oftentimes and see that all things be well in the Cow-house for there is nothing that doth them so much good and keepe them so well in health and good liking their meat and â—odder excepted as the cleane and neat keeping of their houses let them rub them along the backe about the necke and head and no more with a wispe of Straw hard wrythâ—â— together and made somewhat rough At their comming from the Pasture and in 〈◊〉 morning after they haue beene dressed let them carefully fill vp the holes that are in their house floore wherein their pisse might stand and stinke and let them cast Sand or Grauell vpon the floore that they may haue the faster and surer setting of theâ—â— feet Let them not be put to the Bull before they be vpon their third yeare nor any longer than vnto their twelfth yeare for if they be put too sooner than they be growne vp to their full strength and growth they will bring forth Calues halfe cast small and little weake and feeble And againe if you goe about to continue theâ—â— bearing after twelue yeares their Calues will not be so strong not of so comely a shape Yet in our neighbour Countries as great Britaine and other places of 〈◊〉 temperature their Cattell will beare well till sixteene or eighteene yeares of age and some till twentie but not generally You shall lead them thereto throughout all the time of the moneth of May Iune and Iuly when the grasse doth most flourish and againe about this time they are chiefely set to goe a bulling seeking for the Bull of themselues without being led vnto him And you shall know their inclination to the taking of the Bulâ— by their hoofes if they be puffed vp or swolne as also by their continuall lowing and by their leaping vpon the Bulls backe The profit which riseth by their taking of the Bull at this time is for
A Linimenâ— made of Garlicke Salt and Vineger killeth Nits and Lice The decoction of Garlicke not bruised giuen in Clysters or applyed vnto thâ— bellie in manner of a fomentation assuageth the paine of the Colicke and expelleth wind Against an old Cough comming of a cold cause it is verie good to rub the soles of the feet the backe bone and wrists of the hands with an Oyntment oâ— Liniment made of three Garlicke heads well powned and beaten in Swinâ— Seame Against the paine of the Teeth comming of a cold cause there is nothing beâ—ter than to hold in the mouth Vineger or the decoction of Garlicke or to apply vnto the aking tooth three cloues of Garlicke stamped in Vineger For the killing of Wormes in children it is good to giue them to eat Garlicke with fresh Butter or else to make a Cataplasme thereof to lay vpon the Stomacke They which can scarce or hardly make their Water or are subiect vnto the Stone receiue great comfort by eating of Garlicke To keepe Birds from hâ—â—ting of young Fruit you must hang at the boughes of those Trees some quantitie of Garlicke CHAP. XXV Of Scalioâ—s SCalions are like vnto Garlicke in tast and smell but in stalke and fashion the leaues resemble Onions saue onely that out of their head there grow manie hulles or huskes which bring forth manie round little leaues They thriue and grow better when they be set than when they be sowne for when they be sowne there is no great hope of their comming to any fairenesse before the second yeare They may be planted from the first day of Nouember vnto the moneth of Februarie to haue the fruit thereof the next Spring and they are planted as Garlicke But in the meane time you must gather 〈◊〉 before the March Violets doe flower for if one vse them not before that they be flowred they will fall away and become but sillie ones They are knowne to be ripe if their leaues begin to drie away below For to cause them to haue 〈◊〉 and thicke heads you must put brickes round about their rootes as hath beene said of Leekes As concerning the vse of Scalions there is no great helpe or profit to be hoped for or expected except of such as are giuen more to their pleasure than to their health for the Scalion serueth for no other thing but to prouoke and stirre folke 〈◊〉 the act of carnall copulation and to haue a good appetite They haue the same veâ—â—wes that Garlicke saue onely that they be somewhat troublesome to the 〈◊〉 because of their more sharpe and subtle tast CHAP. XXVI Of Parsley PArsley craueth no great labour but loueth a stonie and sandie ground for which cause it is called Parsley againe it craueth not anie store of manure wherefore it will be good to sow it vnder Arbors It desireth aboue all things to be well watred and if it so fall out as that it be sowne or planted neere vnto anie Fountaine or Riuer it groweth verie faire and in great quantitie And if anie be desirous that it should haue large leaues hee must put into a faire Linnen Cloth so much seed as he can hold in his three fingers and so cast it amongst the stones in the ground or else he must put in a Goats trottle a quantitie of Parsley seed and so set or sow it And he that will haue it curled must bruise the seed with a pestle of Willow to the end that the huske may breake and fall off and afterward wrap it in a Linnen Cloth and so put it in the ground Otherwise without thus much to doe it may be made to curle howsoeuer it be sowne if you draw a Rowler vpon it so soone as it beginneth to grow It is a good time to sow it from mid May vntill the Sunne be risen to his highest point in the Heauens for it somewhat craueth the heat The seed thereof that is but a yeare old is nothing worth for looke how much elder the seed is by so much it is the better and endureth a long time vnsowne in such sort as that it will not be needfull to sow or plant it of fiue yeares although when it is sowne it groweth not vnder the space of threescore daies Notwithstanding to cause it to grow and put more speedily out of the earth it behoueth that the seed be steeped in vineger some certaine time and after sowne in a well toyled ground and filled or mixed with one halfe of the ashes of Beane stalkes and after it is sowne it must be oft watered and sleightly with a little Aqua vitae and by and by after the watering to lay aloft it a piece of Cloth that the heat thereof may not be spent and breath away and by this meanes it will grow vp within a few houres and then you must take off the Cloth couering it and water it oft and by this meanes it will haue both a high stalke and great leaues A Cataplasme made of the leaues of Parsley with the crummes of White bread doth heale a Tettar or Ringworme doth resolue the swellings of the Breasts and maketh Women that are brought in bed to loose their Milke The iuice of Parsley drawne â—ut with vineger and mixt with a little salt helpeth Women that are in trauell to be deliuered The often vse of Parsley taketh away the stinking of the breath especially from such as haue drunke much Wine or eaten Garlicke And therefore such as vse to keepe companie much and haue an ill breath must not goe vnprouided of good store of fresh Parsley to chew or hold in their mouthes The decoction of the roots or leaues of Parsley helpeth downe Womens termes 〈◊〉 Vrine casteth out Grauell contained in the Vrinarie vessels taketh away the paine of the Colicke and of the Reines applyed in manner of a fomentation vpon the pained parts It serueth also for the obstructions of the Liuer but better for such as are flegmaticke than for the cholericke or those that are of sanguine complexion The leaues of Parsley cast vpon the water of Fish-ponds doe recreate and reioyce the sicke and diseased Fish CHAP. XXVII Of Rocket and Tarragon ROcket being an hearbe verie vsuall in Salads and good to temper the coldnesse of Lettuces may be sowne as well in Winter as in Summeâ— for it feareth not cold nor other iniurie of the ayre neither doth it â—â—quire anie great labour it loueth notwithstanding to be 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 in a grauellie ground Rocket must not be eaten by it selfe by reason of the great heat that it maketh in them that eat it and for that cause it hath commonly for his companion in Salads the leaues of Lettuce seeing that the one of these doth notably temper the other It is good notwithstanding to prouoke vrine applyed in forme of a Cataplasme vpon the share bone And some say that three leaues
that they be not sowne in a 〈◊〉 ground for the shade is altogether contrarie vnto them though the earth be good and fertile They are gathered in Nouember kept in Winter vpon sand 〈…〉 vnder the earth for to eat in Winter and Lent time I report my selfe vnto them of Meason and Vau-Girard neere vnto Paris which gather great store of thâ—m 〈◊〉 yeâ—re to sell at Paris This fruit is windie and begetteth wormes in young children by their 〈◊〉 but they must be eaten with Mustard It is true that their seed doth resist 〈◊〉 and there it is put into Treacle it likewise killeth the Wormes being mingled 〈◊〉 the iuice of Oranges or Limons and it driueth forth the small Pocks and 〈◊〉 with the decoction of Maidâ—n-haire or of Lentils It prouoketh vrine mixt in eqâ—â—ll quantitie with Linseed and giuen to drinke in wine it bringeth vp the crudities of the stomacke by vomit being taken with honied vineger and warme water The Aegyptians make a verie good Oyle of it CHAP. XXXIII Of Turneps TVrneps called in Latine Raepa are of two sorts the round and the long and they differ not much from Napes and Nauets saue onely in greâ—â—nesse and tast For Turneps are a great deale bigger and of a 〈◊〉 pleasant taste than the Napes for the truth whereof I report my selfe to the inhabitants of Limosin in Aquitaine and the people of Sauoy who hâ—uing no store of Corne haue no more excellent a meat than Turneps and for the same cause they are so industrious in sowing and dressing of them as being that commoditie and encrease of the earth vnto them which is as well yea better beloued and more necessarie than anie Corne or Graine for they feed themselues and their Cattell with the leaues great and small stalkes tops and roots of Turneps insomuch as that they complaine of a Famine when in their Countrey their Turneps are frozen in the ground or haue receiued some ouerthrow by the iniurie of the heauens The manner of ordering and dressing of them to make them grow is as it were like vnto that of the Napes It is true that they would be sowne verie thicke and not thinne for else they will proue but verie small and little and it would be râ—â—her in September than at 〈◊〉 other time in a moist ground well manured and diligently corrected of such faults as it may haue because they reioyce and 〈◊〉 great deale the fairer and of a better tast in cold snowie and foggie weather 〈◊〉 they doe in faire which is the onely cause that in the Countrey of Sauoy and 〈◊〉 they doe grow more sweet tender faire and great because of the Fogs Snoweâ— and cold Seasons that they suffer much in those places If they be sowne in the Spring time there must care be had that their leaues be not â—aten with wormes and such other vermine and the better to free them from this plâ—gue it will be good to mingle of the dust that is to be found vpon floores with the seed 〈◊〉 they before it be sowen or else of the foot of the furnace or 〈◊〉 or else to steepe it in the juice of houslâ—â—ke and afterward to sprinkle it oâ—er well with water 〈◊〉 it may receiue some moisture and then to â—ow it the day after it hath beene so steeped It is one of the wonders of nature that of so small a â—eed there should grow so greaâ— a fruit as should sometime weigh thirtie or fortie pounâ— There must spâ—ciall carâ— be had that the seed be not aboue three yeares old for if it be it will bring forth colâ—worts in steed of turneps To haue them faire and great after they become 〈◊〉 great as a finger they must be remoued a good distance one from another afterward they must be couered with earth and troden downe veriâ— hard for by this 〈◊〉 the juice which should haue beene spent in putting forth of leaues and stalke will turne to the making of the root great They must be gathered in Nouember and for to keepe them all the Winter they must be buried in holes or couered with leaues or seed of Mustard The vse of turneps is not verie good for health notwithstanding their decoctioâ— is verie excellent good for to wash the feet of such as haue the gout withall The Cutlers and Armorers doe constantly affirme that kniues daggers and swords quenched three or foure times when they are in forging in the juice of turneps mixt with equall quantitie of the water or juice pressed out of earth wormes bruised doth make their edge so hard as that therewith you may cut yron as easily as any Lead CHAP. XXXIIII Of Radishes RAdishes are properly the same which is called in Latine Raphanus in Italie Raâ—anels and at Paris Raues they are vsed in manner of a saladâ— with meat for to stirre vp the appetite They grow better when they are planted than when they are sowen and there are two seasons to set or sow them in â—hat is to say in Februarie in the waine of the Moone if we intend to haue the benefit of them in the Spring and in August or September if we would vse them sooner and this season without doubt iâ— the better because the Radish in a cold and moist time groweth in the root and is more tender but in a hot and drie time it groweth in stalkes and leaues So soone as they are sowne they take root the leaues whereof you must tread and trample downe that so the root may grow the greater which otherwise would runne vp all into leaues likewise they must be gatherâ—d within two or three moneths otherwise they will quickly go to seed and put them in the ground vnder sand or grauell after you haue cut off their leaues The manner of ordring of them is to set them good and deepe in earth which is well husbanded stirred vp even from the bottome and dunged and after they be pretty great ones to coâ—er them againe with earth and to take off their leaues from them for so they will become more sweet and pleasant You must not plant or sow them aboâ—â— vines or arbours for they are great enemies vnto vines as making them to run out their juice when they are neighbours to it by reason of their acrimonie and 〈◊〉 Some likewise say that radishes doe keepe away drunkennesse because they greatly weaken the force of Wine To haue sweet radishes their seed must be watered oftentimes with salt water to haue them the more tender and not so sharpe for the salt water doth greatly diminish their bitternesse likewise we ordinarily 〈◊〉 that they are eaten with salt and vinegar Their goodnesse is knowne by their leaues which by how much they are the gentler in handling by so much is the root the tenderer and more pleasant to eat The rinde doth likewise shew the saâ—e for the thinner it is so much the more delightsome are the
of the Sunne but hath the shadowes of some Trees the top of a Mountaine 〈…〉 other such like thing It hath a verie astringent power as also it is verie 〈◊〉 by which after the manner of Comfrey it healeth wounds vlcers and fistulaes 〈◊〉 well inward as outward it stayeth rheumes and bloudie fluxes healeth the 〈…〉 the mouth and the inflamation thereof Which is more it is verie singular to prouoke vrine and to breake the stone Saxifrage as well the great as the small delighteth in a drie ground chalâ—â—â— clayie sandie stonie and altogether barren And it is sowne of small seedes which are found hanging to the rootes thereof It prouoketh vrine and so driueth foorth the grauell of the reines and bladder If you boyle the root and 〈◊〉 thereof in Wine it procureth Women also their termes and bringeth ou◠〈◊〉 after-birth The great and small Burre otherwise called Bardana and of the Greeke◠〈…〉 hath not need of anie great tilling for it will grow either of seed or 〈◊〉 in a leane ground that is drie and vntilled as wee may well see in ditches 〈◊〉 it groweth without anie labour at all and in the high wayes and by-pâ—â—h ◠〈◊〉 the fields The rootes seedes and iuice of the great and small Burre are verie 〈…〉 prouoke vrine to breake the stone of the reines and bladder and to stay the 〈◊〉 flux The iuice is drunke with white Wine or alone and the seed in like manner which is sometimes for the more pleasantnesse sake confected or couered with Sâ—gar The leaues stampt with a little salt and applyed vnto the bitings or 〈…〉 Adders mad Dogges or other venimous Beasts are verie soueraigne The rootes 〈◊〉 seedes of small Burre stampt and layd on cold swellings and rebellious 〈…〉 verie profitable and good Star-thistle so called because it hath little heads at the tops of his stakes 〈…〉 Thistles haue set round about with sharpe prickes after the manner of 〈…〉 groweth in vnhusbanded grounds as well of his root as of his seed Some doe 〈◊〉 esteeme of the seed made into powder and drunke in wine for to prouoke 〈◊〉 and to auoid grauell and herein it is of so great vertue as that the much vse of it 〈◊〉 cause one to pisse bloud sometimes The decoction of the root with honey after 〈◊〉 manner of a honied water doth the like but more gently and without 〈…〉 partie for to pisse bloud Maries Thistle otherwise called Spina alba or white and siluer Thistle or 〈◊〉 Artichoke or Asse-Thistle because that Asses delight much to eat it doth 〈◊〉 fat and well tilled ground and other ordering like to that of Beets and it 〈…〉 that it letteth not to grow in vntilled and vnhusbanded grounds The seed and 〈◊〉 haue as it were the like power to take away obstructions to prouoke vrine and it breake the stone that Star-thistle hath The Italians vse the roots thereof in Salads after the manner of Artichokes and good wines to gather the milke of it for to eat Some make a Ptisane with the root of this Thistle made in powder the seed of Fennell and a little long Pepper to giue to Nurses to vse which haue small store of milke The distilled water of the leaues is good against paine in the sides being drunke with halfe a dramme of the seed of the same hearbe Siluer-grasse so called because the leaues doe resemble siluer on the backe-side doth delight in a moist and grassie ground howsoeuer vnhusbanded it be It hath one excellent propertie aboue all other hearbes for to breake the stone to heale vlcers and malignant wounds within the bodie to stay the bloudie flux and to dissoluâ— cluttered bloud being taken in drinke Some say that if you put it in halfe a basin full of cold water and couer that basin with another basin or vessell or other couering that there will gather great store of vapours in the hollow of the thing couering it and will turne into the forme of distilled water and that this water thus gathered is verie good to take away the spots freckles staines and dye of the Suâ—ne out of the face Patience doth willingly grow in coole and moist grounds and we see it ordinarily to grow neere vnto Riuers and little Brookes The root by reason of the great bitternesse and desiccatiue power hath singular commendation against the Plague for being dried and powdred and afterward drunke with wine it driueth away all venime from the heart by the aboundance of sweat which it procureth Some foâ— this purpose take away the rinde and core of this root stamping it in vineger and after making a drinke of the vineger the iuice of Rue and Treacle for to take in pestilent Agues The powder of this root drunke with wine is excellent for the suffocations of the Matrix and the wringing throwes of the bellie This powder also killeth the Wormes healeth maligne Vlcers the falling of the haire called Tinea and the Kibes the Farcie in Horses whether it be taken inwardly or applyed outwardly either in iuice or in the decoction thereof Scabious groweth in the same ground that Patience doth that is to say in woods vntilled places and especially in sandie places It is verie proper and appropriate vnto the Cough and diseases of the Lungs foâ— the same purpose also the iuice is sometime extracted sometime the hearbe it selfe made into powder and sometime the decoction of it is made to endure for a long time Likewise there is sometime conserue made of the flowers His leaues or rootes applyed to itchie places and the places bare of haire or mixed with oyles and ointments doe great good vnto the same as also vnto plaguie carbuncles for they being rubbed with the iuice of Scabious will be found to vanish away within three houres The iuice of Scabious drunke in the quantitie of foure ounces with a dramme of Treacle not yet one day old is a singular remedie against the Plague so that afterward the partie sweat in his bed and withall continue the drinke for manie times The same remedie serueth for the bitings of venimous beasts if besides the drinke you apply outwardly vnto the soare the leaues of the same hearbe bruised A Liniment made of the iuice of Scabious the powder of Borace and a little Camphire is singular against tettars itch freckles and other infections or desilements of the skin Aboue all other things the decoction of Scabious being drunke the space of fortie daies doth heale the tettar throughly yea though it came of the Pocks as I my selfe haue oftentimes proâ—ed by experience Scolopendrium or rough Spleene-wort called also Harts-tongue would be planted in a stonie and grauellie ground which is moistened with some running Brooke and for want of this it must be often watered The rootes thereof must neuer be pulled vp but onely the leaues cut for it cannot be sowne seeing it bringeth forth no seed The decoction thereof made
in white wine is verie good for such 〈◊〉 haue a hard Spleene and are subiect to a quartane Ague Bâ—â—onie delighteth to be sowne in a moist and cold ground and neere vnto some wall by which it may be shadowed for it is not 〈◊〉 in loue with the Sun-beames The root hath contrarie properties to the leaues and flowers for the root 〈◊〉 the stomacke and is verie vnsauourie vnto the mouth his leaues and flowers and of 〈◊〉 verâ—e good smell and a tast correspondent and answerable The decoction of Betonie made in white wine assuageth the paines of the 〈◊〉 breaketh the stone and healeth the Iaundise The leaues stamped and applyed 〈◊〉 forme of a Cataplasme doe quickly ioyne together the wounds of the head A Cataplasme made of the leaues with Porkes grease doth ripen the tumors called Câ—â—haires and all other sorts of Impostumes The leaues stamped with a little salt doe heale hollow and cancrous vlcâ—rs To be briefe this hearb hath so manie and so greâ—â— vertues as that the Italian when he would highly commend a man for his giâ—â— will say that he hath moe vertues than Betonie Bugle would be planted in a stonie drie and hillie ground in respect whereof the Latines call it Casolida petrosa It craueth no great paines to be taken with 〈◊〉 The leaues thereof are good to conglutinate and soulder together both outward and inward wounds it is likewise put in drinkes for wounds and that is the cause why some doe commonly say That he that hath Bugle and Sanicle will scarce vouchsâ—â—â— the Chirurgion a Bugle Lions-paw groweth in a clayish ground being withall fat red and somewhat moist commonly in medowes situated in some high place It hath like properties with Bugle and Sanicle but moreouer it taketh away all the paine and heat of inflammations and vlcers The same hearb stamped and applyed vnto the teats of women and young maids maketh them hard and firme Great Comfrey groweth in moist places and hath the same propertie that Bugle hath that is to say to soulder wounds and this is â—o great in both of them as 〈◊〉 that you put Bugle or Comfrey into a pot wherein flesh is boyling the pieces of flesh will become no more manie but one The root of great Comfrey whiles it is yet greene and newly pluckt out of the earth being spread vpon Leather or vpon Linnen and applyed in forme of a Cataplasme vpon goutie or rheumatike places doth presently appease the paine of the gout being a thing often proued and tried The same root dried and made into powder is good to put in childrenâ— pappe which haue their rimme broken as also to stay the flux of the bellie A Cataplasme made of the root of great Comfrey with Beane flower and applyed vnto the place where the childs guts fall downe is a soueraigne remedie to cuâ—â— the same Self-heale craueth a fat ground and where the Sunne beateth not much it groweth of seâ—des and not of rootes and hath like properties that Bugle and Coâ—frey haue especially to stay the spitting of bloud the bloudie flux and to conglutinate wounds within the bodie where no man can come to apply tent or oyntment if there be made a drinke of the iuice of the rootes and leaues thereof which being chafed in your fingers or put vnder your tongue doth smell and tast like Myrrhe Water Germander called of the Latines Scordium groweth verie easily and without great paine or toile so that it be planted by little slippes taken from the old stalke and set in a moist ground for it specially requireth to grow well to be plâ—â—ted in a moist ground and to be often watered It hath the like qualities that Angelica hath against Poyson and the Plague and furthermore the decoction thereof taken as a drinke for certaine daies doth heale the tertian Agues and putteth away 〈◊〉 obstructions of the Spleene and prouoketh vrine Fole-foot must be planted in a verie moist place and craueth to be often watered for so it appeareth when as it is seene to flourish and like best in marish grounds and about currents of waters There groweth a whirish mossâ— about the root of it which if you gather and picke verie cleane and afterward wrap it in a Linnen Cloth with a little Sal nitrum and so boyle it a little in Lee and afterward lay it to drie in the Sunne you shall haue an excellent match to take fire at a flint and fire-steele for it taketh fire so easily that it will light at the first stroke of the 〈◊〉 Amongst other vertues it is singular good to comfort the lungs and parts aboue the breast whether you take it in a decoction or in a syrrup or in manner of a fume at the mouth or otherwise especially if you mingle some slippes of Hysope and some figges or syrrup with the said decoction The great Colts-foot especially the root thereof dried powdred and taken in the weight of two drammes with wine is singular against the Plague if so the partie sweat presently after It is good also to giue vnto Horses which haue the bots or are short-winded The great and small Carline so called as though it were Caroline because this Thistle was in a diuine manner made knowne vnto Charlemaigne by an Angell for the deliuering of his hoast from the Plague which did miserably annoy them doth require to be sowne and planted in a drie ground and stonie and where the Moone and Sunne doth shine pleasantly The root of the great Carline made into powder and taken the weight of a French crowne is singular good against the Plague the feeblenesse and faintnesse of the Heart for the keeping of the Vrine the breaking of the Stone the paines of the Sides and Conuulsions applyed outwardly after it hath beene steept in vineger it helpeth the Sciatica Eringium groweth in an vntilled rough and drie ground The wine wherein the rootes of Eringium haue been boyled prouoketh the Termes and restrained Vrine breaketh the Stone and casteth out it and Grauell It is good for such as haue the falling Sicknesse Dropsie or Iaundise The decoction of the root is singular good to resist Drunkennesse The distilled water of the young buds of the leaues being drunke euerie day and that so oft as one can is maruellous good for them which haue their bodies troubled with vlcers caused of the French Pocks in as much as it comforteth the Liuer The same water is verie profitable for the quartane and quotidian Agues The root thereof taken either in powder or in a decoction with the broth of those Frogges which are vsed to be eaten or for lacke of Frogges in the decoction of a Goslin or green Goose is a preseruatiue against the poyson of the Toad Hedgefrogge and other venimous hearbes It doth good also in the diseases of the heart being drunke with the decoction of Buglosse or Balme Beares-breech
the seed of Gromell to the quantitie of two drammes Ceterach halfe a dramme and Amber two scruples all being powdred with the iuice of Plantaine or Purcelane or Lettuce In like manner two drammes of the seed of Gromell with womens milke doth much comfort and strengthen a woman in her child-birth Hyporicum loueth the like entreatie that Gromell loueth and yet withall it doth refuse a fat and well tilled soyle The iuice of the leaues and flowers healeth cuts and wounds The seed drunke with white wine taketh away the tertian Ague The flowers and crops are principally in vse to make Balmes of for the curing of wounds such like as this is Take of the fruit of the Elme tree the flowers of Hypericum and the buds of Roses put them all together in a Glasse-bottle and set them in the Sunne so long as vntill you see them all so altered and changed as that they may seem to be rotted then straine them all through a linnen cloth and reserue it for your vse See further in the third Booke of the oyle of Hypericum Ground-pine loueth a drie sandie and stonie soyle and groweth better planted than sowne The whole hearbe boyled in honied water doth heale the laundise prouoke the termes in Women prouoke Vrine and is soueraigne against the Sciatica either taken in drinke or applyed vpon the hippe in forme of a Cataplasme for the whole hearbe with the flowers and roots made into powder and taken at the mouth fortie daies with halfe an ounce of Turpentine doth throughly heale the Sciatica The conserue made of the flowers is good for such as are subiect vnto the Palsie The whole hearbe boyled in vineger and taken at the mouth doth minister insinit helpe to a trauailing women when the child is dead in her bodie Agrimonie would be planted in a stonie and drie place and further craueth no great helpe of hand or husbandrie The decoction openeth the obstructions of the Liuer and strengtheneth it and it being boyled and drunke doth helpe against the bitings of venimous beasts The iuice of Agrimonie mixt with vineger and salt in a Liniment doth cure the Itch. Agrimonie is good against the cough of Sheepe and for broken-winded Horses The liquor of the decoction of Agrimonie with fumitorie made like Whay doth prouoke Vrine expell the Termes heale the Itch and Scab of the whole bodie whereupon it is singular in the beginning of the Leprosie The seed mixt with the iuice of Agrimonie and taken in manner of pilles doth kill the Wormes The Stagge being shot and wounded is healed so soone as he hath eaten of this hearbe If you gather good store of this hearbe and steepe it in faire Spring water in a large earthen pot till the water putrifie and then euerie morning wash the face therein it will take away all manner of Morphew Sunne-burning Farn-freckles and other spots or dunnesse of the skinne whatsoeuer making the same also cleare and smooth and filling vp euerie manner of wrinekle Some likewise vse in this case to vse with Agrimonie the like quantitie of Goose-grasse and sure it is not amisse for they haue both one manner of force and working White Mullein groweth euerie where but best in a stonie and sandie ground The white Mullein both leaues flowers rootes and seed is singular good against all manner of venime as also to containe in his place the falling Fundament Good wiues in like manner for this consideration doe make a fume of the seed and flowers of Mullein the flowers of Camomill and Masticke all made into 〈◊〉 The iuice pressed from the root before it put forth his stalke and drunke foureâ—â—â—â— in the quantitie of an ounce with Hippocras or Malmesey in the beginning of a 〈◊〉 of a quartane Feauer doth driue it quite away The iuice pressed out of the floweâ—â— or leaues applyed to Warts doth take them cleane away Likewise Gentlewomâ—n find no better remedie than the iuice of white Mullein flowers to take away the wrinckles and other blemishes in their face The leaues bruised betwixt two stoneâ— and applyed in forme of a Cataplasme vpon the foot of a Horse that hath beene cloyed doth affoord him a singular and present reliefe The water distilled of the flowers quencheth the firinesse of the face if there be a little Camphire added thereâ— unto It doth in like manner with the tumor called Erisipelas the itch burnings 〈◊〉 other diseases of the skin The flowers of white Mullein with the yolke of an eggâ— crummes of bread and the leaues of Leeks applyed vnto the Hemorrhoids doe 〈◊〉 them altogether There groweth about the leaues of white Mullein a whitish 〈◊〉 which is good to make match or tinder to take fire Mercurie craueth one and the same ground with the Vine there to be sowne and grow in great aboundance without anie great care of husbanding and yet thâ—â—â— must care and regard be had not to sow it among Vines because the wine which 〈◊〉 Vines should yeeld amongst whom Mercurie hath beene sowne would retaine the tast of Mercurie and become verie vnpleasant to drinke The iuice of Mercurie being drunke helpeth conception prouoketh womeâ—â— termes and deliuereth them of their after-birth The decoction of Mercurie doâ—â— loose the bellie being drunke or taken in a Clyster Some make a honey of the 〈◊〉 of Mercurie with a halfe quantitie of honey and this is good for laxatiue Clysteâ—â— The iuice of Mercurie taketh away Warts the seed of Mercurie in a decoction with Wormewood doth cure the Iaundise and the iuice thereof with vineger doth ripâ— vp the scab and scurffe Yarrow doth grow in a ground that is indifferent fat and moist The decoctioâ— thereof doth stay all manner of fluxes and especially the red termes of women 〈◊〉 also that which commeth of a wound especially the leaues dried made in powder and drunke with the iuice or water of Comfrey or Plantaine The leafe put into the nose stayeth the bleeding and put into a Clyster it stayeth the bloudie flux Milfoile bearing a white flower being powned with his flower and drunke with 〈◊〉 distilled from the same and Goats milke doth cure the burning of the vrine in 〈◊〉 and the whites in women Danewort groweth better plunted than sowne and craueth a fat ground well â—â—nured and somewhat moist The iuice pressed from the roots of Danewort being drunke for a certaine time preserueth a man from the Gout The seed of Danewort being well washed and drunke in powder to the quantitie of a dramme hauing beene first steeped a whole night in Wine doth helpe the Dropsie because it procureth stooles downward and vomit vpward to the voiding of great store of water Being drunke also with the dâ—coction of ground Pine it asâ—uageth the paine of the Gout and Pocks There is also made a soueraigne Oyntment of the same for the appeasing of the said paines Taâ—â— the iuice of the roots of Danewort the flowers of Rye and
especially the root being applyed vnto anie part is as causticke as Pigeons dung or the Causticke stone or anie othâ—â— the most violent cauterie that may be found for though you put betwixt the 〈◊〉 and the hearbe a Linnen cloth fiue or sixe double yet it will not leaue to 〈◊〉 and pierce deepe euen vnto the flesh This is the hearbe which being steept in Dâ—â—gons bloud the cursed rogues and wicked rouers vp and downe doe rub their 〈◊〉 legges and thighes withall thereby to exulcerate them that so they may moue thâ— people with remorse and so get the larger almes This is the hearbe which siâ—iâ— calleth Crowfoot and which is so much esteemed for the Plague and Plague 〈◊〉 called a Carbuncle Take saith he Crowfoot hauing a root like vnto a small 〈◊〉 Onion this root either alone if it be bigge ynough or two or three of them stâ—â—ped and laid vnto the thombe of the hand that is on that side in the arme whereof the Plague is broken out or vnto the great toe of that foot that is on the same side thâ—â— the groine is that hath the Plague-sore and there leaue it foure and twentie houreâ— and it will make blisters which breaking of themselues doe let runne out the 〈◊〉 of the Plague drawne thither by a veine common vnto both parts but because that this root is verie strong you must put betwixt it and the thombe foure or fiue doâ—bles of new and strong cloth or six or seuen of thinne and worne cloth and so 〈◊〉 it and bind it vp and afterward you shall heale the vlcer of the thombe with the yolkes of egges and fresh butter beat together with a little of the middle Conâ—fâ—â—â— stamped with them or a little washt Aloes and if you cannot haue it new the dries also good for the same purpose but then you need not so manie doubles of cloth betwixt them This operation and worke is quickly done and certainely withoâ—â— bloud-letting or other euacuation Pettie whin groweth in euerie ground whether it be medow plowed land drie scorched moist tilled or not tilled The Husbandman doth greatly abhorre 〈◊〉 hearbe whereof he cannot by anie meanes rid his grounds The root is singular 〈◊〉 well in powder as in a decoction or in the water distilled from it so that before it be distilled the root be steeped in Malmesey twice so much as it weigheth for 〈◊〉 prouoke Vrine Womens termes and to procure the opening of the obstructions of the Spleene and Liuer but aboue all to breake into powder and driâ—â— forth the Stone as also to wast such â—arnosities as may be begotten in the bladder and conduit of the yard The powder must be taken with white Wine Theâ—â— is also made a kind of Wine of this root during the Vintage time with new Wine and white Grapes put into a Vessell adding thereto a certaine quantitie of Winter Cherries The Dittanie of this Countrey groweth in a drie ground being also stonie and open vpon the Sunne The root is much commended against Poisons and Veniâ—â—â— Wormes in children and cold diseases of the Matrix Being taken inwardly by dâ—coction or in powder with Wine the weight of two drammes or applyed or ministred in a fume it moueth the termes in women it bringeth forth the after-birth and dead child it also driueth out the stone from the reines but principally it is good for the Pocks taking it euerie morning a long time the weight of a dramme with 〈◊〉 decoction of Guaiacum It is profitable also against the Plague euerie way that 〈◊〉 can vse it Germander called of the Latines Chamâ—drys that is to say a small Oake because the leaues are like to those of the Oake requireth no other ground or manner of ordering than Dittanie This hearbe is called the Fâ—auers scourge because the decoction thereof being drunke in the morning for a certaine space doth driue away and make an end of the tertian agues the leaues eaten in a sallade in the morning fasting it preserueth from the ayre and pestilent contagion no lesse effectually than water Germander of which we haue spoken before The decoction thereof is singular good against the jaundiâ—e and being vsed a long time for the Falling sicknesse head-ach and other diseases of the braine and for the wormes Rupture-wort groweth in a grauelly or sandie ground which is drie and vnhusbanded there is likewise great store of it found in the wood of Boâ—â—on neere vnto Paris This hearbe made in powder and drunke with wine prouoketh vrine that hath beene long detained and breaketh the stone of the reines and of the bladder if for some long time the partie take the weight of a dramme Fallopius â— great and famous Chirurgion in Italie affirmeth That he had cured an infinite number of persons of the rupture therewith giuing it them in drinke for a verie long time together Mouse-â—are will grow in the same ground that Rupture-wort doth it hath a verie strong astringent qualitie and that is the cause why Shepheards haue no great affection to dâ—aw their sheepe into such fields as haue store of Mouse-eare in them because it bindeth them in their bodies which for the most part worketh in them vnto death likewise Physitians are wont to make their benefit of this hearbe in the bloudie flâ—x and aboundance of termes as also to heale vp both inward and outward wounds the spitting of bloud and falling downe of the fundament Dogges-grasse without setting or sowing groweth more than one would wish both in gardens and also in corne grounds that are fat It serueth in physicke to coole and drie indifferently and withall notwithstanding this to open and take away obstructions and to expell and breake the stone it is true that the seed drieth more but it bindeth somewhat Water-Betonie groweth in moist waterie and marshie places Of the râ—ot thereof gathered in Autumne and made verie cleane and stamped with fresh Butter all being closed vp in an earthen vessell well leaded and stopt and the same vessell set in some moâ—st place and let stay there some fifteene or twentie daies after let the butter be melted vpon a soft fire and in the end strained is made an oyntment that is singular good to annoint the Kings-euill withall and the Hemorrhoides this root is set about with many small knots hauing the resemblance of Hemorrhoids or the swelling of the Kings euill It groweth without any great paine in gardens and being sowne groweth more aboundantly than one would haue it The seed purgeth those that haue the dropsie verie much if they be giuen in Whay it is true that they may be vsed without annoyance done to the stomack if it be parched and dried as also mixt with Annise and Fennell-seed furthermore it is verie good to set in gardens to kill and driue away Moules This hearbe is of two sorts male and female both of them will grow in all manner of earth but
it will keepe a yeare or two without being spoyled if you gather them cleane and not mixt with anie filthie things hauing 〈◊〉 dried them a little in the Sunne vntill they haue lost their newnesse and freshnessâ—â— afterward drie them vp throughly in the shadow and put them not vp to keepe 〈◊〉 they be perfectly dried It is good in the Plague time to perfume the house with Rosemarie for the 〈◊〉 thereof driueth away the ill ayre The leaues and flowers are good against headach especially to stay the whites if a woman doe vse them long time euerie morning 〈◊〉 more specially to make the sight better if the partie that hath the weake sight 〈◊〉 eat fasting both the leaues and the flowers of Rosemarie ioint together with 〈◊〉 and salt euerie morning The flowers thereof made in conserue doe comfort 〈◊〉 Stomacke and are good in melancholike Passions the Falling sicknesse 〈◊〉 and Palsies The seed drunke with Pepper and white Wine doth heale the Iaundise and take away the obstructions of the Liuer The decoction of the 〈◊〉 thereof in white Wine doe comfort weake and oppressed Sinewes If you 〈◊〉 your head therewith it will make a hard skinne and comfort the little 〈◊〉 and also keepe the haire from falling so quickly Some doe make Tooth-piâ—â—â— of the wooddie parts thereof and those verie good as also Coales to draw 〈◊〉 first Lineaments and Ground-worke of Pictures and such other things to be painted The ordering of lesamine is like vnto that of Rosemarie saue that Iesamine doâ—â— continue alwaies greâ—ne and not so subiect to frost as Rosemarie and is much in 〈◊〉 quest for Arbors and Shelters and for the setting forth of a Quarter There may 〈◊〉 made an Oyle of his flowers infused a long time in Oyle of sweet Almonds 〈◊〉 in a bagge from betwixt a Presse which will be soueraigne to comfort the 〈◊〉 â—inewes and other parts of the bodie troubled with cold distillations and to 〈◊〉 the frets of young children Mountaine or wild Thyme delighteth to be planted or sowne in grounds 〈◊〉 some Fountaine small Rundle or Well and such as is ill tilled being drie in 〈◊〉 and full of water in Winter and thus placed it yeeldeth a great deale the 〈◊〉 leaues It requireth notwithstanding a ground that is neither fat nor dunged 〈◊〉 open to the Sunne and would be oft transplanted Sometimes it commeth of 〈◊〉 that is ill husbanded Mountaine Thyme boyled in vineger and oyle of Rose assuageth the headach if the temples be rubbed therewith boyled in Wine and drunke it prouoketh Womens termes bringeth forth the after-birth and dead child with Honey iâ— cleanseth the Lungs and helpeth the Falling sicknesse The decoction is good 〈◊〉 the windinesse swellings and hardnesse of the Matrix The perfume of 〈◊〉 Thyme killeth Serpents and other venimous Beasts and driueth away Fleas 〈◊〉 weight of a French crowne of the powder of Mountaine Thyme drunke with 〈◊〉 assuageth the belly ach and deliuereth the partie which is troubled with 〈◊〉 of vrine Penyryall groweth well either sowne or planted wherein this must be marked that if it be planted of the root or branches in Autumne it will bring forth 〈◊〉 and flowers in mid Nouember It being once planted continueth alwaies so 〈◊〉 it be well wed and pickt euerie yeare it must be watred verie diligently Penyryallâ—â— excellent good against the Dropsie for the Spleene Iaundise and furthering of womens deliuerance in trauell as also to bring forth the after-birth and to 〈◊〉 the termes being drunke with white Wine The perfume of Penyryall killeth 〈◊〉 and venimous Beasts A Cataplasme made of Penyryall boyled in Wine doth assuage the paine of the Sciatica Dill loueth better to be planted than sowne and craueth chiefely a ground somewhat warme but more enclining to cold If you would haue it to grow faire you must water it oftentimes When it is sowne it is not needfull that the seed should be couered with earth because it is not subiect to be eaten of Birds Dill hath power to take away Belchings and inward Gripes Vomit and Hicket and that onely with smelling to it to prouoke Vrine and helpe the digestion of the Stomacke it causeth a spring of milke in Nurses healeth the suffocation of the Matrix and ripeneth all manner of tumours Annise craueth a well batled tilled fat and manured ground It must be sowne in March and oft watered Euerie man knoweth how good and profitable the seed thereof is eaten in the morning for such as are subiect to the gripes of the Stomack and Guts to the Hickeâ— Belchings stinking Breath and which desire to haue a beautifull and comely countenance after meat it also helpeth digestion it is good for Nurses to cause them to haue much milke It also taken away the stopping of the Stomacke or Spleene it helpeth Collickes prouoketh Vrine makes a man apt to sweet and lastly keepes the bodie soluble Bishops-weed craueth such ground and such tillage as Annise which being once sowne doth lightly grow there euerie yeare by the seed falling from it it groweth chiefely in rested grounds The seed is excellent good against Wringings and Gripes to prouoke Womens termes and Vrine if it be drunke with Wine so that it be vsed but seldome for otherwise it causeth a pale colour The perfume doth mundifie and cleanse the Matrix and maketh barren women fruitfull if together with this suffumigation the barren woman doe take euerie second morning the weight of a dramme of the powder of this seed three houres before shee eat anie thing continuing it for foure of fiue times but in the meane time the husband must lye with his wife vpon such daies as shee shall vse this powder a thing proued diuers times Caraway is sowne in the moneth of May in a good cleane and manured ground in such sort as we haue said in the Kitchin Garden The seed helpeth Digestion prouoketh Vrine expelleth Windinesse and hath the same vertues that Annise hath being made into powder it is with good successe mixt amongst such remedies as are vsed to be giuen for drie blowes Cummin doth grow fairest when it is sowne in a fat and hot ground or in a ground lying open to the Easterne Sunne amongst the pothearbes for so it groweth better in the beginning of May. Some likewise say that for to make it grow faire and well it must be cursed and rayled vpon It must not be watered so presently after it is sowne but after it is put forth of the earth it must be oftentimes watered The seed taken at the mouth scattereth the winds which breake vpward it mendeth the inward gripes and taketh away the difficultie to make water as also the blacknesse of drie blowes the powder thereof being presently applyed after it hath beene beat verie small and fine and heated at the fire
as in other cold Countries and such whereas the Vine could not grow they haue either still continued their drinking of vvater or fetched and procured vvine from other places or else haue prepared some other kind of drinke comming neere in some measure vnto vvine vvhich by the delicatenesse thereof might reioyce the heart and gratifie the tast Whereupon some in stead of vvater haue taken vp the vse of Wine and others of Beere and Ale some of Cyder and Perrie and others of all sorts some of honied vvater or vvater sweetened vvith sugar and others of other drinkes pressed and strained out from fruits or the decoctions of rootes All France Italie Sicilie Spaine and all other Countries which are farre off from the North doe content themselues with vvine the Nation of the Turkes excepted vvho being incensed either by the superstition of Mahumet or stirred up thereunto by the ancient custome of Turks do vtterly abhorre vvine and vse in stead thereof honied water England Scotland Dalmatia Polonia Sarmatia and other Northren Countries doe vse partly vvine as procuring the same from other places and partly Beere in such sort as that by how much the Countries are the colder by so much the more they are giuen and addicted to vvine and drunkennes vvitnesse hereof is not onely Germanie but also Frizeland Dalmatia and Flanders the inhabitants of which countries doe not onely striue who shall drinke most and extoll drunkennesse vnto the skies but also doe scoffe at sobrietie and so highly disdaine such people as striue to liue soberly and temperately as that they think them the most vnworthie of their alliance and companie And yet notwithstanding that so many sorts of drinks be growne in request in stead of water in many countries wine seemeth to me to beare the bell as being the most pleasant delightsome and excellent drink that can be found or thought vpon What is meant by wines THe iuice then of the grape which either runneth from the grape being full ripe or is pressed out with feet or the presse before it be boiled is called new or sweet wine but after that it hath boiled and thereby cast forth all his scumme and dregges it is properly called wine Wherefore this boiling or working by which in fine it is fined and setled from all his excrements is not any manner of putrifaction but rather an effect of naturall heat engendred and naturally rooted in the same for whereas the iuice newly drawne out of the grape doth containe in it many excrements and those diuers in nature which the naturall heat thereof cannot without great strife enforcement and contending concoct and ouercome it is necessarie that in this contention it should worke out a heat boyling and verie great perturbation by reason of the struglings of the two contrarie heats that is to say the naturall which doth concoct the crude and raw matter of the new wine and by that meanes separateth the excrementous parts from it and on the other side the strange and accidentall heat which is kindled and raised in the crude and raw parts of the new wine which encountring the naturall heat no otherwise than is done in the crises of sharpe sicknesses at such time as naturall heat doth concoct the crude and raw matter of the disease and attempteth to make separation of the noysome and annoying matter many disturbances shakings heats and other grieuous symptomes doe fiercely assaile the partie vntill such time as naturall heat hauing ouercome proceed to the separating of the good and naturall humors from the excrementous ones and expell those which were the cause of the maladie And euen so it falleth out in the boiling or working of new wines wherein the accidentall heat is ouercome by the heat of nature without any worke of putrifacation the heterogene and vnnaturall matter being separated from the homogene and naturall the vnprofitable and excrementous humour consumed and the flatulent or windie parts thereof discussed and to be briefe all the profitable iuice is in such sort concocted and digested as that that which before was crude flatulent and hard to be digested is become gentle tractable fauourable and verie agreeable for mens vse as though it were quite changed and altered from his nature Of new pressed wine is made the wine called Cute in Latine Sapa and it is by boiling the new pressed wine so long as till that there remaine but one of three parts Of new pressed wine is also made another Cute called of the Latines Defrutum and this is by boiling of the new wine onely so long as till the halfe part be consumed and the rest become of the thicknesse of honey Sometimes there is a wine made called Passum and it is when the grapes haue endured the heat a long time vpon the Vine The inuenters and first finders out of wine SVch as haue written in Hebrew as also the Scripture it selfe doth testifie that Noe was the first author of wine Nicander Colophonius saith in his verses that wine was called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Greeke of the name of a man which was called Oenus and first pressed out the new liquor out of the grape into his drinking cup. Others write that Icarus was the first inuenter thereof and that verie shortly after his inuention he had condigne punishment therefore as being slaine of the dressers of his vineyards they being drunke Whereupon Propertius saith O Icarus th' Athenian clowne Deseruedly thy life throwes downe Athenaeus saith That the Vine was first found neere vnto the Mount Etna and that a dogge passing that way plucked vp a little branch of a Vine tree out of the earth and that Oresteus sonne of Deucalion which raigned in that Countrey caused the same branch to be planted againe vvhereout there sprang manie shoots of Vines vvhich he called Oenus of the name of the dogge which had pluckt the same branch out of the ground vvhereupon also the auncient Greekes called Vines Oenas The Latines say That the Vine is called Vitis quasi vita because that vvine doth quickly restore the vitall spirits being wasted and spent and doth comfort repaire encrease and strengthen the naturall heat that is weakened vvhich is the principall instrument of life insomuch as that by the vse of vvine it is made more freely disposed than it was before to performe all manner of actions requisite for the life of man Old Writers are not of one mind concerning the first originall and inuention of the Vine for euerie one of them almost hath his seuerall opinion But as concerning my selfe I thinke that the Vine was brought forth of the earth as other grasse heaâ—bes and trees were from the beginning of the world and that it brought forth grapes of it selfe without any tilling or dressing and those like vnto them which the wild Vine called of vs Labrusca doth now bring forth but that the first fathers did not so quickly know the vse and profit
water and salt and after to make a cataplasme of the yelkes of egs beaten with strong vineger and the iuice of the herbe called Pilosella Iâ— in coursing they shall haue taken any thrushes vpon any part of their bodies with the the tip of the harts horne or with the bores tuske you must applie to the place a plaister of the root of great comfrey an emplaister of melisote and oile of roses as much of the one as of the other but before you applie the plaister you must cut the haire away from the place where the griefe is To cause dogs to pisse make them drinke the decoction of mallowes hollihocks the roots of â—ennell and brambles made with white wine If dogs haue gotten any disease in their eares drop therein veriuice mingled with the water of cheruile continuing to do so three or foure mornings You shall find a larger discourse of the nature conditions differences and diseases of dogs in the first Booke in the chapter of the kennell Yet because there is one other sort of hunting dogs which although they are for birds and not for wild beasts yet in their kinds they are as noble and as generous as any other dogs whatsoeuer and as much in vse amongst great persons and these dogs are called field or land spannels of which sith before no Auther hath fully intreated I will here giue you a little touch or tast of the nature disposition and manner of goâ—ening them To speake then of the land spannell you shall vnderstand that he is be nature very gentle courteous and louing to the man more than any other sort of dogs whatsoeuer they also naturally loue to hunt the wing of any bird whatsoeuer especially partridge pheasant quaile raile poots and such like when you make choice of any spannell you shall chuse him by his shape beautie mettall and cunning hunting his shape is descerned in the good composition of his bodie as when he hath a round thicke head a short nose a long well compast and hairie eare broad and sydelips a cleere red eie a thicke neck broad breast short and well knit ioints round feete strong cleys high dewcleyd good round ribs a gaunt bellie a short broad backe a thicke bushie and long haired taile and all his bodie generally long and well haired his beautie is discerned in his colour of which the motleys or pide are the best whether they bee blacke and white red and white or liuer hued and white for to be all of one entire colour as all white or all bladke or all red or all liuer hued without any other spot is not so comely in the field although the dogs notwithstanding may be of excellent cunning his mettall is discerned in his free and vntired laboursome raunging beating a field ouer and ouer and not leauing a furrow vntrodden or vnsearcht where any haunt is likely to bee hidden and when hee doth it most coragiously and swiftly with a wanton playing taile and a busie labouring nose neither desisting or shewing lesse delight in his labour at night than he did in the morning and his cunning hunting is discerned by his casting about heedfully and running into the wind of the pray he seeketh by his stilnesse and quietnesse in hunting without babling or barking but when hee is vpon an assured and certaine haunt by the manner of his raunging as when hee compasseth a whole field about at the first and after lesneth and lesneth that circumference till he haue trodden euery path and brought the whole circuit to one point and by his more temperate and leasurely hunting when he comes to the first scent of the game sticking vpon it and pricking it out by degrees not opening or questing by any meanes but whimpring and whining to giue his master a warning of what he scenteth and to prepare himselfe and his hauke for the pleasure hee seeketh and when he is assured of his game then to quest out loudly and freely Now it is to be vnderstood that it is hard to haue one spannell to be absolute cunning in all the qualities of hunting as to be an excellent raunger an excellent finder and an excellent retainer because one qualitie is almost in nature cleere contrarie to another for he that is a good and free raunger can neuer be confined or bound into one particular small compasse but will out of his owne mettall breake forth into much larger compasse and so both lose time in hunting and also giue the game more leasure to get breath or fleit away priuatly from the place where it was markt and so deceiue the hauke of her expectation and in like sort a good retainer which will sticke vpon the place whereto he is oppointed and will beat it ouer and ouer many times euen as it were by inchmeale neuer leauing till he haue sprung the game he seeketh can neuer bee esteemed for a good raunger because the leasure he taketh will not giue him leaue to rid much ground and so likewise of all other seuerall qualities therefore euery man must esteeme his spannyel for the one good qualitie he holdeth and cannot for diuers and so mixing his kennell of good raungers good noses and retainers he shall bee sure to attaine to the vttermost height of his pleasure he wisheth There bee some spannels which delight in the plaine and open field and those are the best for the partridge quaile or raile there be othe others which delight in woods hedges bushes and couerts and those are best for the pheasant and moore pooâ— and these are commonly the best retainers and the former the best raungers There is also another sort of land spannyels which are called Setters and they diffor nothing from the former but in instruction or obedience for these must neither hunt raunge nor retaine more or lesse than as the master appointeth taking the whole limits of whatsoeuer they doe from the eie or hand of their instructer they must neuer at any time quest what occasion soeuer shall happen but as being dogs without voices so they must hunt close and mute and when they come vpon the haunt of that they hunt they shall sodainly stop and fall downe vpon their bellies and so leasurely creepe by degrees to the game till they come within two or three yards thereof or so neere that they cannot presse neerer without daunger of retriuing then shall your Setter â—â—icke and by no persuasion go further till your selfe come in and vse your pleasure Now the dogs which are to be made for this pleasure should be the most principall best and lustiest spannyell you can get both of good scent and good courage yet young and as little as may bee made acquanted with much hunting the way to traine him to his knowledge is by all louing meanes or else awfull where loue taketh not effect as by fasting threatnings and some stripes to make him both feare and loue you far aboue all other persons
place with a Liniment made of Linseed and the powder of the tooth of a wild Boare or else to apply vnto the place a Cataplasme made of the dung of a young boy of a good constitution fed for the space of three dayes with Lupines and well baked Bread leaâ—ened and salted and hauing Claret Wine to drinke and no other eyther meates or drinkes and adding to the foresaid childs dung an equall quantitie of Honey Against the Pleurisie drinke presently with the syrrup of Violets or some other appropriate to the Breast whatsoeuer the weight of a scruple of Nettle seed or of the Ash Trees or take three ounces of the distilled water of Maries thistle or of Carduus Benedictus or of Broome a spoonefull of white Wine six springs or straines of Egges that are verie new the weight of a French crowne of the shells of French small Nuts made into powder eighteene graines of red Corall powdred all being mixed together let it be giuen warme with as much speed as may be mundified Barley and the seeds of Melons Gourds Cucumbers and Poppie are in that case highly commended roast a sweet apple vnder the embers mix therwithall when it is roasted the iuice of Licorâ—ce Starch and white Sugar giue thereof vnto the diseased twice a day two houres before meat or else take the weight of a French crowne of the powder of a wild Bores tooth and cause him to swallow it either with the iuice of sweet Almonds and Sugar Candie or with the broth of red Coleworts or decoction of the water of Barley or some other such like which is appropriate for the Breast or else burne to ashes the pizzle of an Oxe and giue a dram thereof with white Wine if the ague be but small or with the water of Carduus Benedictus or Barley water if the ague be strong and great and assure your selfe that such remedies are singular if they be vsed within three dayes of the beginning of the sicknesse The manner of making these ashes is to cut the pizzle of the Oxe in gobbets and laying it vpon the harth that is close layd to set a new pot ouer it and afterward to lay hot burning coales or hot embers about the pot which must be oft renewed vntill one be assured that it is burnt into powder and the better to iudge of the time he must thinke that this will not be done vnder a whole day It is good to lay a playster of blacke Pitch vpon the grieued side and where it commeth to passe that the paine of the side continueth and that the sicke partie cannot spet cause him to vse the decoction of the flowers of red Poppie or of the powder of them the weight of a French crowne with the water of Scabious and Pimpernell and syrrop of Hysope if there be no great Feauer or Violets if it be great Furthermore for a Pleurisie which is desperate and past hope take a sweet Apple euen a verie excellent one and take the kernels forth of it and fill vp the hollow place with fine Olibanum rost it couered ouer and rolled in stupes vnder the hot embers throughly and then giue it to the sicke of the Pleurisie to eat For the spetting of Bloud cause him to drinke the distilled water of the first little buds of the leaues of the Oake or the decoction of Comfrey or of Plantaine Horse-taile or Knot-grasse otherwise called the hearbe of S. Innocent or to swallow downe some small drops of Masticke or Harts horne or Goats horne burnt or Bole Armoniake or Terra sigillata or Corall or Amber or the powder of the innermost rind of Chestnut tree or of the Corke tree or frie the dung of an Hogge with fresh Butter and of that cluttered bloud which the sicke partie shall haue spet and so giue of these thus fried together to the sicke partie to eat For the beating of the Heart it is good to hang about the neck so much Camphire as the quantitie of a Pease or to drinke two or three ounces of the water of Buglosse and of Baulme some hold the distilled water following for a singular and soueraigne remedie Take two Hogs harts three Stags harts or the harts of three Bulls Nutmeg Cloues and Basill seed of each three drams flowers of Marigolds Burrage Buglosse and Rosemarie of each halfe a handfull steepe them all in Malmesey or Hipocras for the space of a night after distill them with a Limbecke and reserue the water for vse which shall be by taking three or foure ounces when necessitie doth require The conserue of Betonie and Rosemarie flowers Cinnamon water Aqua vitae and Imperiall Waters which wee haue set downe in our worke of the beautifying of mans bodie For the faintnesse of the Heart or Swouning it is good to straine and wring the ioynt of the Ring or Physitions finger as also to rub the same with some piece of Gold and with Saffron for by the meanes of that finger his neere communicating with the heart there is from it conueyed and carried some vertue restoring and comforting the heart For the flagging and hanging breasts of Women make a liniment with the drosse of the oyle of Linseed a little gumme Arabick Tragacanth Mastick and Camphire or with the iuice of Succorie or apply thereunto ground Iuie or the egges of Partridges which you shall change oftentimes or small Basins of the distilled water of young Pine-apples or the iuice of wild Pine-apples To procure much Milke vnto Nurses they must vse the fresh and new-gathered iuice of Fennell oftentimes or the iuice of Smallage or of Beets or the powder of the rootes of Maries thistle adding thereto the seed of Fennell and a little Pepper the fore-hoofes of a Cow burned and drunke with Wine or Broth or other conuenient liquor or the powder of Crystall powdred very finely and drunke with Wine or some broth or let them eat of boyled Coleworts seasoned with Pepper or of the roots of Rapes boyled with Pepper To cause Women to loose their Milke you must apply vpon the nipples of their Breasts the roots of great Celandine â—odden and powned or vse a fomentation of verie sharpe Oxicrate vpon the Breasts or else you shall apply a Cataplasme of the flower of Beanes or an emplaister of Rue Sage Mints Wormewood Fennell Branne boyled and mixed with Oyle of Camomill or the leaues of young and verie greene Gouâ—ds or of Cray-fishes all to brayed and stamped in a Mortar For the inflammation of the Breasts comming of the great aboundant store of Milke take the dyrt found in the bottome of the Troughes of Cutlers or Grinders and therewith couer the Breast and so you shall asswage the paine in one nighâ—â— you may adde thereto a little of the Oyle of Roses or if the Milke be much curded without any great inflammation in the Breast you may apply vnto it a Cataplasme of the flower of Rice or of
of it be consumed the vessell in the meane time being close couered and the fire burning cleare and softly after draw the vessell somewhat further from the fire and let it coole vnto the next morning then straine it out a little warme the grosser parts that it may so be forced through some hairie strainer and adde thereto of white Pitch melted by it selfe and also strained through a hairie strainer a pound halfe a pound of white Waxe in graines Masticke and Turpentine of each one ounce make thereof an oyntment of good consistence Likewise there is nothing more singular than to take of Greeke Pitch Brimstone and Olibanum equall parts to bray them together with the whites of egges and after you haue stanched and wiped away the bloud in handsome sort to ioyne and bring together the edges of the wound and to apply it thereto with a linnen cloth and a Cataplasme afterward to bind and roll it vp with double linnen clothes and so to leaue it for certaine dayes or else boyle the leaues of Carduus Benedictus and flower of Wheat in Wine vnto the forme of an Oyntment wash the Vlcers twice a day with Wine afterward lay thereunto this Oyntment Or else wash the wound with the decoction of Dent de lion more easily thus Take the dyrt which you find vnder Buckets Troughes or such like and apply it vnto the cut it closeth it vp incontinently For all wounds as well old as new vlcers and whatsoeuer cuts in the flesh take the leaues of Plantaine Spearewort or small Plantaine Mallowes All-good of each a handfull French Sage about foure and twentie leaues let all the foresaid hearbes be well picked washed and after stamped verie well all together this done take five quarts of old Swines greaâ—e put thereinto a hot pestill and cause it to melt then boyle it with the said hearbes and when you see that the liquor of the hearbes iâ— consumed you shall straine it and put thereunto as much Frankincense as a Nut greene Waxe and Perrosine of each as much as two Nuts melt them that so they may all be brought vnto the forme of an oyntment of which you shall make vse for all sorts of wounds Otherwise take Brimstone most â—inely powdred and searced put it in a Glasse-vessell and powre thereupon so much oyle Oliue as will doe more then couer it by foure or fiue singers set it out vnto all the heat of the Sunne you can for the space of tenne daies and stirring it about manie times with a Spatull of cleane and faire wood and keeping the said vessell close shut continually to the end there may not any dyrt fall thereinto At the end of the tenne dayes emptie out all the oyle by leaning the glasse softly to the one side seeing it hath extracted all the substance or essence of the Brimstone into another Glasse-bottell by the helpe of a funnell and let not any of the drosse or residence goe in withall after which you shall stop the bottell verie carefully and at such times as you would vse it you shall dip Lint white linnen Cloth Cotton or blacke Wooll in it and apply it vnto the parts that are hurt whether by Vlcers or Cuts as also vnto Impostumes and that so long as vntill they be cured You may powre in oyle againe the second time vpon the residence left after the oyle powred out as beforesaid and doe as was done before Make account of these two later Remedies as of those which will not faile you For the Boyle called Anthrax Carbunculus and other such pestilent tumours see that you apply vnto them Rue bruiâ—ed and mixt with verie strong Leauen Figges Cantharides Onions of the Land and Sea vnquencht Lime Sope gumme Ammoniacke and a little Treacle for this emplaster draweth forth such kind of tumours Or else take a Toad drie her either in the Sunne or in the Ouen make her into powder and put of this powder vpon the Carbuncle it will draw forth all the venome Or else apply vnto the Carbuncle a Frog aliue and if she die then another and doâ— this so oft as vntill that one doe liue and so you shall draw out all the venome For vlcers comming of the Pocks and such other maligne ones take tenne pints of water quench therein hot yrons so long as till the tenne pints become but fiue and in these fiue pints infuse for the space of foure and twentie houres a pound of vnquencht Lime after that straine the water when it is strained dissolue therein fifteene graines of Verdegrease and as much of Vitrioll and twentie graines of Camphire this water is singular to mundifie cleanse and drie vp Vlcers Otherwise set to boyle in a new earthen vessell verie cleare water when it beginneth to boyle put into it by and by vnsleckt Lime and presently thereupon powre it out into another vessell all new let it rest there so long as vntill after it be scummed it become cleare the Lime falling to the bottome of the vessell in manner of pap in the end you shall gather the water swimming aloft by leaning the vessell and letting the Lime abide vnstirred in the bottome and this water thus gathered shall be reserued in a cleane violl or other vessell well stopped that so it may serue for your vse in which being warme dip a linnen cloth and apply it in stead of an emplaister vnto the Vlcer and renew it oft To draw out miraculously a Pellet make a tent of a Quince and for want of it of Marmalate of Quinces onely without any addition of Spices or other things annoint it with the oyle of egges and put it into the wound or hole made by the shot of the Pistoll For inward wounds in which there can no tents be put there must be drunke oftentimes the decoction of Auens and the outward wounds washt or else take Mugwort great and small Comfrey whole Betonie Agrimonie the roots of Rubia otherwise called the Diers hearbe the roots of small Plantaine otherwise called Carpenters hearbe Sage the leaues of Brambles Parsley pricking Nettle Marigolds Sanicle Bugula Mouse-eare Burnet Dendelion Plantaine the crops of Hempe female Ferne Buglosse Gentian Veruaine Birds â—oong ground Iuie water Germander Catmint hearbe Robert Cinquefoile Tansie all the Capillar hearbes of each one halfe handfull Damaske Raiâ—ins their stones taken out Licorice the seed and flowers of S. Iohns wort the seed of blessed Thistle of each an ounce the three cordiall flowers of each foure ounces all these being thus carefully pickt and made cleane let be brayed verie throughly after strained through a hairen strainer with one pint of white wine you must cause him which iâ— thrust through to drinke of this drinke a little draught fasting or one houre before he eat and as much before his supper If these iuices displease thee in stead of braying bruising or stamping of the things aforesaid you may make a decoction in common water adding in
Barly meale wherein you shall put a whole egge the shell excepted and with a quarter of a pint of cured wine you shall make him drinke it with a horâ—â— or otherwise Or else take of Dogges-grasse and stampe it after mixe and steepe it in warme water with Beane meale cold Gruell and the meale of Lentils all this being well mixed you shall giue it to the beast early in the morning For an old Cough it is sufficient to take two handfuls of Hysope old or new and make a decoction in common water after when you haue strained it you shall mix therwith of the flower of Starch two parts and cause the beast to take them thus The distilled water of Hysope may be put amongst or else the decoction of Mints and Hysope together The iuice of Leekes is good for the same being pressed out well and strongly and giuen with oyle Oliue for there hath not beene knowne so old and long growne a Cough which the roots of Leekes washed made cleane and giuen in decoction with the flower of Wheat hath not put downe and rebated the strength of Of the same effect is the flower of the euerlasting Tare commonly giuen and vsed or offred with hoâ—ied water at such time as the Oxe driueleth most at his mouth For all manner of pains in what parts of the bodie soeuer they be causing the Oxe that he can neither goe nor doe anie other thing well make somentations and apply cataplasmes with the decoction of Camomill Melilot and Linseed For the ach of the head bray Garlick in wine and make him let it downe through his nosthrils after bath all his head with the decoction of the leaues of Sage Marierome Lauander Rue Bay leaues and Walnut-tree leaues in wine Scabs are healed with Duckes grease mingled with oyle Oliue or else take the gall of an Oxe and powder it with Sulphur viuum adding thereto Myrrhe Oyle and Vineger and a little plume Allome well brayed and small powned Exulcerated places caused either without manifest occasion or else by some accident are verie much holpen with the powder of Galls well brayed in a Mortar So are they likewise by the iuice of Horehound wherein hath beene steept the soot of a Smithes Forge In the diseases of the flanks wherewith Oxen are oftentimes tormented you must make a Cataplasme of three handfuls of the seed of Coleworts with a quarter of a peck of Starch well powned together and mingled with cold water applying it afterward vnto the pained places But the most soueraigne that may be found is to take of the leaues of Cypresse without the boughes three handfuls and to doe as is abouesaid adding thereto strong vineger to knead and dissolue the same in but if this will not then take three ounces of Perrosin or Colophoni which is more hard and dissolue and make them liquid at the heat of the fire and whiles it is yet good and hot mixe therewith the flower of Barly and make it all boyle together and so you shall applie this cataplasme verie hot vpon the flankes and so vp to the reines It is to be knowne that the Oxe hath paines in his reines when he seemeth to draw his hinder parts after him and cannot lift his legges behind for his best ease he staggereth and soltreth behind he breaketh not vp his taile but suffereth it to draw all along after him his stale hath an ill sent and all his hinder loynes shew heauie mooue not but constrayned and that in mincing manner If there be any inflammation about them he pisseth red as bloud If this continue and that he cast forth much such there is then no more remedie but and if it be but a little coloured with bloud there is some hope of recouerie For this disease you shall cause him be let bloud vpon the taile veines behind or else of the veine called the Mother-veine which is found alongst the flanke to draw neere vnto the reines For his drinke make him to take the juice of Leeks vvith vvarme vvater or else his owne vrine For the inflammation of the muscles as well outward as inward of the reines and flankes vvhich commeth of some fall that the beast hath taken in some hard and stonie place and vvhich happeneth not without the companie of a contusion appoint that the Oxe which hath fallen so soone as he commeth into his house doe not remoue from one place bath the hurt part vvith cold vvater after that vse and applie vnto it comfortable liniments and seare-clothes which may not be too hot The markes of this disease are the outward parts ouer against the reines are hard the cods hung short being gathered into the bodie and that in such sort as that there is not much of them left out to be seene he stirreth not his hinder legs vvith any ease and vvhen he is laid he riseth not but vvith verie great paine Of verie great cold gotten by hauing trauelled in snowie and frosen places or else after some thaw the fault also may be committed in not hauing his pasternes so well bathed vvith vrine and couered ouer with dung as they should at euening after his labour for vpon these causes the heele groweth exuleerated and maketh shew as though it would fall off and loose his place there beginneth a bearing out vvhich afterward turneth to an vlcer and troubleth the gate of the Oxe the place must be verie deepely scarified and a sleight fire applied afterward to the places searified and againe vpon the places so scorched the sweet oyntment otherwise called oyntment of Roses vvith a defensatiue of vinegar and vvater and so bound vp and rolled The core once fallen out the place must be vvashed vvith vrine and vinegar made hot after this there must be an emplaister or cataplasme of Melilot made either of the fore appointed or of old Swines-grease vvrought and plied betwixt your two hands If the cods be swolne vpon any occasion whatsoeuer you shall annoint them euening and morning vvith sweet seame or else bath them vvith strong vinegar wherein shall be tempered sine fullers earth and the dung of Oxen. Some hold it for a naturall remedie to haue the dung of a dogg to cure the swellings of an Oxes genitories if so that they be often rubbed therewithall The Oxe is inchanted as vvell as the horse either by hauing eaten or by hauing passed vnder the crosse of a charmed straw or ouer a marked logge the signes are he becommeth sad and not cherefull and quicke as he vvas wont at his vvorke yea he consumeth and pineth away if there be not prouided for him a verie good remedie cause him to take downe through his nosthrils Bitumen judaicum Brimstone Bay-berries or Iumper-berries all mingled vvith vvarme vvater So soone as you know that the Oxe is sicke of any disease vvhatsoeuer it be cause him to take this purgation the root of the Sea-onion
Sunne If you desire that it should haue great leaues when as 〈◊〉 beginneth to put forth a stalke cut off the same in the halfe then put vpon it a clod 〈◊〉 earth or some small tyle If you couet to haue it faire and vvhite bind together the 〈◊〉 of it two daies before you take it from the first bed and set it in another place 〈◊〉 sprinkle it ouer with sand The cabbaged Lettuce being leaued and curled and not growing higher than a 〈◊〉 for the most part is made by being troden downe After that it is planted 〈◊〉 second time put vnto the root some cowes dung that is verie new afterward tread 〈◊〉 downe againe and vvater it and vvhen it beginneth to gather strength and grow 〈◊〉 the branch vvhich it putteth forth and couer it with a new earthen pot in such 〈◊〉 as that the top thereof by it may be beaten and kept downe and by this meanes 〈◊〉 vvill become tufted cabbaged and vvhite or else if you vvould haue beautifull 〈◊〉 faire lettuces two daies before you take them vp by the roots you must tie togeâ—â—er the tops of them and then couer them with eaâ—th vp to the very â—aid tops so tied 〈◊〉 so they will become white and faire In like manner sand cast vpon them maâ—â—th them to become white If you feare that it will not grow hard ynough by reaâ—â—â— of some fault in the place or in the time or seed take it vp and set it in some 〈◊〉 place To cause Lettuces to haue a sweet smell more than ordinarie sow them with the 〈◊〉 of Citrons or else steepe the seeds in Damaske or other sweet water three 〈◊〉 daies together To mingle Lettuce with other Salad hearbes as Rocket Sorrell and such like and 〈◊〉 in such sort as that they may all grow vp together from one and the same root 〈◊〉 all your sorts of Seeds into a Sheepes trottle made good and hollow for the 〈◊〉 afterward set it verie deepe as namely about the depth of eighteene ynches in 〈◊〉 ground and water it oft and by little and little and haue great care and regard 〈◊〉 it when it putteth forth of the earth Others do crumble breake three or foure â—â—ottles of a Goat or Sheepe and put their seeds in the middest thereof and then 〈◊〉 them with a linnen cloth fast bound in manner of a knot and doe plant them 〈…〉 were in the vppermost part of the earth verie diligently regarding and looking 〈◊〉 them when they come vp Some plucke away the leaues of the Lettuse which 〈◊〉 next vnto the roots and in stead of the leaues so pluckt away they put one 〈◊〉 seed of rocket cresses or sorrell and other such like by which meanes there grow 〈◊〉 and diuers sorts of branches The Lettuce is not without good physicke helpes for it cooleth the 〈…〉 the bellie causeth aboundance of good bloud The juice thereof mixt 〈…〉 Roses asâ—wageth the paine of the head and causeth the sickâ— of agues 〈…〉 rubbed vpon the brows and temples it serueth for a Gargarisme with 〈…〉 of Pomegranats for the Inflammation of the throat being rubbed vpon 〈…〉 it staieth the night pollutions or Gonorrhaea especially if thereunto be added 〈…〉 Camphire the seed thereof beaten with the seed of white Poppie in forme of 〈…〉 or extract doth effect the same and also cureth the scalding and burning of the 〈◊〉 the seed thereof steept in water wherein hath beene quenched steele with 〈…〉 quantitie of Iourie powdred is verie soueraigne against the white flowres of 〈◊〉 The leaues of Lettuce boyled and moystned in broth or salades of them in like 〈◊〉 after supper doth prouoke sleepe the seed thereof powdred and mixt 〈…〉 milke of a woman that hath brought forth a daughter and the white of an 〈…〉 to make frontale for the verie same purpose The decoction of the 〈…〉 boyled in Barley water and drunke causeth great quantitie of milke in 〈◊〉 if afterwards the dugges be well rubbed with the hand such as haue a short 〈◊〉 spit bloud or haue weake lungs as also such as desire to haue children must 〈…〉 Lettuces CHAP. XIII Of Endiue Sowthistle and Succorie ENdiue hauing narrow leaues otherwise called Scariole or 〈…〉 wild Lettuce and of the Latines Intybus or Seris is more 〈…〉 Physicke than any other wayes and is not planted in Garden◠〈◊〉 it is alwaies bitter notwithstanding that it be of the sorts of 〈…〉 rather of Succorie It is true that in often planting and transplanting of it and 〈…〉 mouing it from one place to another and by binding and couering it with 〈…〉 ring the Winter time the nature thereof may be changed and become tender 〈◊〉 white and without any great paines to the Gardiner may be kept all 〈…〉 thing our Gardiners haue practised seeing by experience that wild 〈…〉 commeth faire and flourishing after it hath beene ouerflowen with water and 〈◊〉 with sand or earth Sowthistle called in Latine Sonchus or Ciâ—erbita was of old time in 〈…〉 salades but now there is no such account made thereof saue onely that it is vsed 〈…〉 to teed Conies and Hares in like sort it is not planted in gardens because it 〈◊〉 plentifully amongst the vines notwithstanding the Italians doe vse the 〈…〉 it in Salades in Winter finding them sweet and of a pleasant tast his stalke is 〈◊〉 milke sometimes drawing neere vnto a yellow this milke taken in drinke is 〈◊〉 for them which haue a short breath and are stopt in their lungs 〈…〉 paines of the eares if you drop certaine drops thereof into them especially if 〈◊〉 cause it to boyle with some Oyle in the riâ—d of a Pomegranat it healeth 〈◊〉 the strangurie and paines in making water if it be drunke to the quantitie of 〈…〉 The leaues of Sowthistle chewed doe take away the stinking of the mouth Succorie is of the nature of Endiue hauing large leaues and without 〈◊〉 and good handling doth alwaies continue bitter It loueth a moist place and 〈◊〉 laboured ground When it hath put forth foure leaues you must translate it to â—ell dunged soyle And to the end it may haue faire large and well-spread leaues 〈◊〉 it beginneth once to come to any growth in the middest of his leaues you must 〈◊〉 some prettie little tyle for by this meanes it will spread forth his leaues and 〈◊〉 haue them a great deale thicker standing and tufted By this good husbanding 〈◊〉 his bitternesse and then there is vse to be had of it in sallades in Winter 〈◊〉 it is called white Succorie and to this end it is wont to be planted againe in the 〈◊〉 of August after that in the beginning of September to the end that the leaues 〈◊〉 may be the greater it must be taken vp without the breaking of any thing 〈◊〉 with a smal blade of a straw haue the leaues tied together very easily and gently 〈◊〉 wringing or brusing of them afterward it must be
from the other the smell of which Elder is so odious 〈…〉 beasts that they haue no desire to come neere it either vnder or aboue the 〈◊〉 so long as it is greene and therefore when these first stickes shall be drie you 〈◊〉 renew them Othersome put Thornes that are verie sharpe and pricking or 〈…〉 of Chesnuts vnder the earth round about the plants of the Artichokes 〈…〉 one neere vnto another to the end that the Rats comming neere vnto the 〈◊〉 may presently be driuen backe againe Others cause Beanes to be boyled 〈…〉 poysoned water and doe put them in the holes of this wicked cattell for they 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 sent thereof they run thither presently As concerning Moules we will speake of 〈◊〉 manner of killing them hereafter The root of Artichoke sodden in Wine and drunke is soueraigne against the difâ—â—cultie of making water for the stinking and strong smell of the arme-pits and of 〈◊〉 vrine also for the hot and scalding fretting of ones vrine whether it come of the 〈◊〉 or of some other cause and so also for the dropsie the pulpe boyled in flesh 〈◊〉 and eaten with Salt Pepper and Galanga made in powder helpeth the weakâ—sse of the generatiue parts The Italians eat them in the morning raw with bread 〈◊〉 salt whiles they be yet young and tender CHAP. XV. Of Sorrell and Burnet SOrrel and Burnet notwithstanding that they grow vntild in great aboundance yet they may be sowen in fine ground and well manured in the Spring time especially the Sorrell for as for Burnet it groweth likewise and as well in drie grounds nothing tilled or stirred both of them 〈◊〉 planted in gardens must from the beginning be well watered and he that deâ—reth to gather the seed must take them vp and plant them againe suffering them to â—row to their perfection and then to drie and wither They feare not cold or frost â—either yet aboundance of water but they looke especially the Sorrell that they 〈◊〉 become the fairer to be cut three or foure times a yeare All the sorts of Sorrell as well those of the field as those of the garden haue this â—ertue that being boyled with flesh how old and hard soeuer it be yet they make it â—nder and loose the bodie The leaues of Sorrell rosted in hot ashes haue a singular force to resolue or to cause 〈◊〉 Apostumate the swellings of the eyes or as some Surgeons vse if you take the 〈◊〉 of Sorrell and lap them vp close in a Burre-docke leafe then lay it in the hot 〈◊〉 and rost it as you would rost a Warde then open it and applie it as hot 〈◊〉 the patient is able to endure it to any impostumation or byle whatsoeuer about 〈◊〉 part of a mans bodie it will not onely in short space ripen and breake it but also â—raw and heale it verie sufficiently it is also being boyled in Posset-ale a verie â—â—od cooler of the bloud and a great comferter against inflamations which come by â—â—urning Feauers A Cataplasme made of the leaues of Sorrell with twice as much 〈◊〉 Swines-grease all beaten and mingled together and afterward put in the leafe of 〈◊〉 Colewort vnder the hot ashes is soueraigne against cold Apostumes The seed of â—orrel powdred and drunke with water or wine doth asswage the paine of the blouâ—ie flux Sorrell steept in vinegar and eaten in the morning fasting is a preseruatiue â—gainst the plague as also the Syrope or Iuleb made with the juice thereof The â—aues of Sorrell well stamped and applied vnto the wrest doth tame the fiercenesse 〈◊〉 the ague Burnet of the garden being an herbe that some vse to put in their salades whereof 〈◊〉 haue here spoken and which is also the same which the Latinists call Sanguisorâ—â— taken in drinke is good to restraine the monethly termes of women and all other 〈◊〉 of the belly but especially such as are of bloud it is good also to dry vp wounds â—nd vlâ—ers if it be applied vnto them in forme of a Cataplasme Some doe much â—teeme it in the Plague time and some say that the often vse of Burnet especially 〈◊〉 juice thereof is a verie soueraigne preseruatiue against dangerous diseases beâ—â—use it hath a propertie verie much strengthening the Liuer the Heart and the Spiâ—â—â—ts The leaues of Burnet put into the wine make it more pleasant more strong and â—omewhat Aromaticall and of the taste of Millions they are verie good to be put in sallades made with Oyle Salt and Vinegar according as we see them vsed 〈◊〉 day CHAP. XVI Of Harts-horne Trickmadame and Pearcestone AS for Harts-horne and Trickmadame they haue no need of any 〈…〉 or planting for both of them will come in any ground that 〈◊〉 would haue them whether it be husbanded or not True it is that if 〈◊〉 would haue Harts-horne flourish and faire liking you must cut it oft 〈◊〉 it along vpon some roller or cause it to go vpon foot by it selfe for it delighteth to 〈◊〉 so intreated and vtterly refusing to grow otherwise than against the ground 〈◊〉 madame doth nothing feare the cold and doth grow principally vpon the old 〈◊〉 of vines in a stonie and grauelly earth These are put in Summer-sallades 〈◊〉 neither of theâ—â— haue either tast or smell fit for the same The Harts-horne is goodâ— stay the flux of the bellie Trickmadame stamped with Lettuce and applied vnto the pulses doth delay 〈◊〉 heat of an ague The distilled water thereof being often times drunken doth 〈◊〉 roughly heale burning and tertian agues Pearcestone is sowen in a drie and sandie soile and craueth to be much 〈◊〉 euen from the beginning he that desireth the seed must let the hearbe grow to 〈◊〉 perfection and afterward to drie the seed as corne is dried It may be preserued in salt and vinegar after the manner of purcelane and then 〈◊〉 soueraigne for the difficultie of vrine for the jaundise and to breake the stone to proâ—â—uoke vvomens termes and to stirre vp ones appetite if it be vsed in the beginning 〈◊〉 meat For want of such as is pickled in vinegar you may make the decoction of 〈◊〉 leaues roots and seeds in Wine for to vse in the same disease CHAP. XVII Of Marigolds MArigolds haue not need of any great ordering for they grow in 〈◊〉 fields and in any ground that a man will neither doe they 〈◊〉 to 〈◊〉 sowen euerie yeare for being once sowen they afterward grow of theâ— selues and beare flowers in the Calends of euery moneth of the yere 〈◊〉 in Sommer as in Winter for which cause the Italians call them the flower of all 〈◊〉 moneths To be short the place where they haue once beene sowen can hardly 〈◊〉 of them If they be neuer to little husbanded and cut many times they will beare 〈◊〉 faire â—lowers and verie great but yet euer more in Autumne than in the Spring The juice of the
radishes Physitians doe hold that among other discommodities the radish is an enemie vnto the teeth and they make hard and stonie places in the mouthes of such as vse them but this inconuenience may be amended if presently after you eat some certaine slips of Hyssope or Thyme or Organie or if they be eaten with oyle and againe in stead of this one discommoditie they bring a thousand profits for the health of mankind The roots of radishes being new chopt small and sprinkled with white wine that is neat and warmed in a frying-panne and applied vnto the stomach canseth a man to pisse aboundantly the water which he could not auoid of a long time the juice of the same root drunke to the quantity of two ounces with Malmesey worketh the like effect take an ounce of the rindes of radishes as much of the leaâ—es of Mercurie foure graines of saffron one dram of sweet Cassia and two drams of the juice of sauin poune them all together in a mortar and put them in a linnen cloth which being put vp into the matrix is a singular remedie to helpe them that traâ—ell of child-birth The juice of the root of radishes mixt with oyle of sweet or bitter almonds a little white wine and a little coloquintida all heated at the fire and strained and afterward dropt into the eares doth take away the windinesse and noise of the â—ares being drunke with honied water it cureth the jaundise The leaues boyled in pottage in stead of coleworts do take away the obstructions of the liuer spleene Their seed bruised and strayned with white Wine is soueraigne against all 〈◊〉 of poysons and other dangerous diseases The roots eaten fasting do preserue and keepâ— a man from venime and poyson Some hold it for a certaine truth that turneps 〈◊〉 in stinking and ill-sauouring wine doth take away altogether the ill tast thereof They wipe away the spots of the face heale the places of the bodie raced with the twigs of rods and couer the places with haire which are bare and should not But aboue all the rest theâ—e is no more certaine a remedie for the griefe of the reines the stone grauell or difficultie to make water than to drinke euening and morning going into bed or comming out of it a small draught of white Wine warme wherein haue beene sleeped the space of eight houres the rindes of radishes with the fourth part of the kernels of medlars made in powder For the same matter there may be prouided a Wine to vse a long time wherein hath beene infused a certaine time thâ— powder of the roots of radish dried I cannot forget to set downe that the often vsing of radishes bringeth vnto nurses great store of milke And that water how stinking soeuer it be wherein radishes haue beene boyled will become better and thâ— they may not be eaten in the later end but at the beginning of meat whatsoeuer 〈◊〉 pleaseth Dioscortdes to say that so they may goe presently out of the stomach and nothing hinder the digestion of the rest of the meat CHAP. XXXV Of Parsneps Mypes Carrets and Skirworts PArsneps Mypes Carrets and Skirworts are sowen all after one fashions in a ground well digged freed from stones clensed and scoured from all weeds and vnprofitable roots being also manured and rilled well before they may not be sowen thicke that so they may grow the longer and thicker They must be watered as soone as they be sowen and if the time proue drie once a weeke so long as till they be well sprung vp They are set also after one and the same fashion The time to sow or plant thâ—m is in Autâ—mne and in the Spring but Autumne is the better that so you may haue them in Lent time He that desireth to haue their roots great faire and thicke must often plucke away theâ— leaues they must be gathered halfe a yeare after they be sowen and then their leaues taken from them and they kept vnder sandie grauell especially in Winter for 〈◊〉 causeth them to corrupt Pâ—rsâ—eps may be kept a whole yeare or two in the earth so as that one may know by the falling of the flowers both the old and the new and which are good in Winter and Lent whether they be fried or otherwise All of them haue vertue to expell vrine to asswage the paine of the colicke and to prouoke womens termes their leaues stamped and layed vpon wounds which happen in the legges are verie profitable for them CHAP. XXXVI Of Mustard and Poppie SEnuie Mustard delighteth in a fat ground and is â—owen with mouldâ— before and after Winter and it must be often weeded and watered buâ— it would not be sowen too thicke for it spreadeth very easily insomuch as it is hard to destroy it where it hath beene once sowen the seed will keepe 〈◊〉 yeare but the newer that it is so much the better it is either to sow or â—at It is discerned to be good when being broken or crackt with the teeth it appeareth greene within but not white for and if it be white it is old and not worth any thing either to sow or eat That which is intended to be kept to eat shall be good to be remoued when it is growing for so it will yeeld a greater and fairer top but that which is intended to vse for seed must not be remoued or haue his place and habitation changed The seed of Mustard chawed and holden vnder the tongue is of great force against the palâ—ey of the tongue as also against all other manner of palsey if vpon the grieued part there be applied a bagge full of the said seed hauing beene first boyled in Wine The powder thereof cast into the nosthrils causeth neâ—sing and purgeth the braine from superfluities The decoction of Senuie or Mustard doth asswage the tooth-ach comming of a cold cause and being drunke breaketh the stone and prouoketh the termes of women It keepeth the haire cleane and from falling The oylâ— of Mustard is soueraigne against the ach of the hips and weaknesse of the sinews Mustard seed brayed and put into sweet wine preserueth the same in his sweetnesse so that it shal not loose it the reason is because it keepeth it from taking of a heat thâ— same made in powder and mixt with vinegar doth heale the stingings of serpents and scorpions being drunke it ouercommeth the venime of Mushromes that haue 〈◊〉 eaten mingled with the vrine of a young child and rubbed vpon the bellies of such as haue the dropsie it causeth them to auoid water of you temper it with water and rubbe your hand or any other part that hath need to be made cleane therewith you shall perceiue the benefit thereof The white poppie which is sometimes vsed in pottage and clensed barly cartes and other confections for to quench the thirst prouoke sleepe and coole the great heat of agues neuer groweth of
eyes the leaues 〈…〉 some say likewise that the leaâ—e of this hearbe carried in the shooâ—◠〈◊〉 vnto the bare sole of the feet doth heale the jaundiâ—e being applied vnto th◠〈◊〉 it taketh away the aboundance of Milke stamped together with the root in th◠〈◊〉 of Cammomile and being warmed or fried and applied vnto the nauell or 〈◊〉 it asswageth the frettings of the bellie and paines of the mother the whole 〈◊〉 being dâ—â—ed and made in powder doth heale wounds and vlcers the juice 〈◊〉 dropt into a rotten or hollow tooth mortifieth it and causeth it to fall out 〈…〉 also the 〈◊〉 called Porrum to fall away The small Celandine otherwise called Pilewort or the hearbe for the Kings 〈◊〉 because it healâ—â—h the same doth grow well in warrie moist and shadowie 〈…〉 groweth likewise in drie places but not so well though there it get a more 〈…〉 as wel in his leaues as in his root vertue to heale the Kings 〈…〉 to exulcâ—ration as also other virulent vlcers hemorrhoides cankers hard 〈…〉 whether 〈◊〉 or porracious and other cold tumors by a â—oollifying and 〈…〉 qualiâ—â—e that they haue Asarum bacchar craueth a leane ground and drie and where there is 〈…〉 to be set than sowne The root of Asarum being dried 〈…〉 good to be taken the weight of a French Crowne in white 〈…〉 and by this it câ—reth the quartane and â—ertian ague and this 〈…〉 daies the quantitie of a good goblet full of the decoction of this root made in wine with honey putting thereto some Cinnamon Mace and other such Spices by which they purge verie much as well vpward as downeward Likewise when they feele the fit comming they chafe the backe and soles of the feet with oyle wherein they haue caused to be infused this root in the hot Sunne-shine and after lying downe in bed the shiuerings and shakings of the Ague is taken away and a great sweat procured The decoction of Asarum is good against the Sciatica the infusion thereof in wine doth cure the Dropsie and Iaundise the iuice dropt into the corner of the eyes doth heale the Web in the eye and dazeling of the eyes Manie good women doe apply Asarun vnto the wrists of the hands to driue away the heat of an Ague You must obserue as it were diuers parts in this hearbe For the root is a prouoker of Vomit and the leaues thereof are Aromaticall and agree verie well with the stomacke Valerian groweth verie well in a moist and well manured ground and would be often watered that so it may put forth a tall stalke The good wiues are wont to apply to the wrists in burning Agues the leaues of Valerian but without reason for the Valerian doth rather encrease the Ague by his heat than diminish it It will be better to vse it in the paines of the sides and in the prouoking of vrine and womens termes If you wet lin in the iuice of Valerian and put it into anie wound made either with Arrow or Sword or otherwise and the drosse or grosâ—e part thereof layd vpon it you shall cause the yron to come forth if anie such be stayed behind and so also heale the wound Cats doe delight much to eat this hearbe The decoction is good against Venime and the Plague It is good also against shortnesse of breath if there be mixed therewith Licorice and Damaske Raisins Angelica would be sowne in a well tilled ground oftentimes wed and reasonably watered The root is soueraigne against the Plague and all sorts of Poyson Whosoeuer shall keepe a little piece of it in his mouth or which shall drinke onely in a Winter morning a little draught of Wine and Rosewater wherein it hath beene steept hee â—â—â—not be infected of anie euill ayre of all that day Englishmen vse the lâ—aues and roots of this hearbe in sawce with their meats because it correcteth grosse humours and a stinking breath and surthereth digestion verie much The leaues of Angelica stamped with other leaues of Rue and Honey and applyed in forme of a Caâ—â—plasme doe heale the bitings of mad Dogges and the stinging of Serpents Being layd vpon the head of one that hath an Ague it draweth vnto it all the burning heat of the Ague and it is good against Sorcerie and Inchanâ—ment The distilled water of Angelica it singular good against the fainting of the Heart the biâ—ings of mad Beasts the stingings of venimous creatures especially against the Plauge if with this â—â—stilled water there be drunke halfe a dramme of the root in powder and a drammâ— of Treacle and that afterward the patient giue himselfe to sweating for by this means manie haue beene saued The root put into a hollow tooth assuageth the paine being â—â—â—wed it maketh the breath sweet and conceaâ—eth and small of Garlick or anie other 〈◊〉 meat which causeth an ill breath Blessed thistle would be ordered and dressed with such manner of â—illage as Angelica It is true that it would be sowne in the encrease of the Moone and not abouâ— three fingers depth in the earth It loâ—eth the compaine of Wheat 〈…〉 It will not be prickly it before that you sow it you put the Seed in the roo◠〈…〉 the leaues broken off or it you breake the sharpe pointâ—d end of the Seed against a stone after the manner spoken of before in the Chapter of 〈◊〉 Blessed thistle hath no lesse vertue against the Plague or anie other sort of Poyson â—han hath Angelica whether you vse it inward or outward This vertue is it which driueth away Moules and other kinds of such Cattell being huâ—â—full vnto Gardeâ—â— from the place where it groweth Such 〈…〉 troubled with a Quartanâ— Ague or other Agues which haue their fits comming with a Cold are cured if 〈◊〉 take in the morning three ounces of Blessed thistles water or of the decoction 〈…〉 weight of a French crowne of the seed in powder The same remedie is good 〈◊〉 Pleurisies and for children that haue the Falling sicknesse If it be boyled in 〈◊〉 the decoction is good to assuage the paines of the reines and colicke to kill 〈◊〉 and to prouoke sweat Blessed thistle as well drie as greene taken inwardly 〈…〉 ourwardly doth heale maligne vlcers Physitions likewise commaund it 〈…〉 â—mingled in decoctions and drinkes for the Pocks Mother-wort groweth in vntilled and rough places and standeth not in 〈◊〉 of anie tilling notwithstanding it is singular against the beating and fainting of the heart for which reason it is called of some Cardiaca It prouoketh also Womens termes it taketh away obstructions and prouoketh vrine it raiseth 〈◊〉 deliuering the Lungs thereof by making it easie to be spet foorth It 〈…〉 Wormes dryed and made in powder and the quantitie of a spoonefull 〈◊〉 in Wine doth mightily helpe forward the deliuerie of Women labouring of Child-birth Golden-rod would be sowne in a fat ground which is not open vnto the heâ—â—
fresh butter of ech alike mixe all and let them worke together in an earthen pot set in the Ouen with this Oyntment rub the akiâ—â—g parts or else infuse the flowers in oyle with mans grease set in the heat of the Sunne Some also make an Oyle of the seedes pressing it 〈◊〉 of them Orpin groweth for the most part in moist and shadowie places The Countrâ—y people doe by their good wills plant it vpon Saint Iohns night in dishes or vpoâ— trenchers of wood in some cleft of a wall the foot being thrust into clay and theâ—â— they set it where it abideth a long time greene growing and flourishing if it be now and then watered The liquor of the decoction of the leaues is a soueraigne remedie to heale wounds and stay fluxes of bloud for inward wounds and vlcers and for burstings and ruptures Goats-beard groweth verie well in a moist ground and shadowed and craueth to be oft watered The Latines call it Vlmaria because the leaues are like to the leaues of Elme The root and leaues made in powder doe cure the flux of the bellie and bleeding The distilled water being drunke is singular good for wounds both inward and outward Ground-Iuie groweth likewise in a moist and shadowed place The decoction of the leaues hath great power to take away the obstructions of the liuer and spleene to prouoke vrine and the termes in women There is made of it an excellent balme for new cuts and wounds also for the Collicke ministred in Clysters or taken in drinke putting the small chopt leaues into a Glasse-violl well stopt with gummie wax and strong parchment and setting the said violl in Horse dung for the space of fortie daies The iuice thereof with the rust of Brasse is a fit medicine for fistulaes and hollow vlcers the decoction thereof with Betonie Pimpernell Mouse-eare Bistort Horse-taile Tormentill red Coleworts and Dittander is singular for wounds in the principall and inward parts if it be oft vsed This ground-Iuie is otherwise called of some Ale-hoofe and it hath a most singular vertue for the curing of all manner of â—ore eyes either in man or beast if you take it and beat it well in a mortar and drop into it three or foure drops either of white Rose-water or the water of Eye-bright and then straine it into a cleane Glasse-bottle and keepe it close then wash the sore eye therewith when occasion is ministred and the oftener in the day that you doe wash the sore eye therein the better it is and the sooner recouered Hounds-tongue groweth easily in peblie and vntilled ground The leaues powned and applyed vnto burnings the wild-fire old vlcers wounds and inflammations aches fluxes and hemorrhoids doe verie much good There is made a singular Oyntment for wounds of the iuice thereof mixed with honey of Roses and Turpentine There are also made thereof pilles to stay vehement and violent rhewmes Adders-tongue doth require aboue all other things a fat place well tilled and moist it groweth also in medowes but it is destroyed by and by and spoyled The leaues stamped and applyed vnto burnings inflammations burstings and principally vnto wounds and maligne vlcers are of a maruellous effect There is a balme made of the leaues thereof for the same effects whereunto some put Turpentine Red wine wherein this whole hearbe hath beene steeped is good to stay rhewmes falling downe vpon the eyes Goose-grasse doth grow in anie kind of ground and hath no need of great tillage Some doe distill the water of it which is singular good against the Pleurifie and other paines of the side being taken in the beginning of the disease as also against the bitings and stingings of venimous beasts and to coole the heat of Cankers Corne-rose craueth a fat ground and well tilled such as are Corne-grounds wherein we may see them grow faire and verie well blowne The flowers of Corne-rose as well the great as the small either in decoctions or the distilled water or in syâ—rups or in powder the weight of halfe a French crowne are singular meanes to prouoke spitting in Pleurisies and to cure the same Bastard Dittanie in like manner requireth a fat ground and well tilled and therewith a diligent care to water it and to keepe it from the coldnesse of the ayre The seed root leaues and flowers as well in powder as in a decoction doe prouoke vrine breake the stone prouoke the monethly termes cast out the dead conception and after-birth being eaten with Rubarbe they kill and cast out the wormes The iuice applyed outwardly doth draw forth thornes and thistles and stumpeâ— of splints Knot-grasse is called in Latine Polygonum it groweth by the edges of Vineyards and fields that are badly tilled especially when it is a moist yeare Amongst the principall vertues thereof the distilled water is soueraigne against the difficultie of vriâ—â— as I haue oft proued by experience Salomons-seale must be set in a drie ground and raised high The root whiles it is new being powned or the iuice of the same wipeth out freckles spots blew markes of blowes falls or other such like thing whether they be in the face or in anie other part of the bodie Some distill the water which as verie good for the paintings of women Great Dragons must be planted in a shadowed place and good earth The small Dragons loue a moist ground and waterish as neere vnto the Fountaine in the Garden Their rootes boyled or rosted and mixt with honey and afterward taken as 〈◊〉 Eclegme doe profit greatly for shortnesse of breath difficult and hard coughs and painefull getting vp of the spittle in such sort as that they cut ripen and wast the grosse humors and slimie Being powdred and mixt with honey they heale maligne and corroding vlcers especially the Polypus Their leaues spread vpon Cheese doe keepe them from spoyling and â—otting If the iuice thereof be mixed with honey and put into the eyes they take away all manner of paâ—â—e and aking thereof Also who so batheth his hands in the iuice thereof may handle anie venime without danger Also it is a great cooler of lust and maruellously abateth all lecherous cogitations As concerning the Nettle it hath no need either of sowing or setting for it commeth vp in Gardens more than one would haue it yet notwithstanding it is not without his great vertues as well the Greeke Nettle as the Hungarian or dead Nettle The leaues and especially the rootes of dead Nettle stamped and put vpon the nosthrils doe stay the bleeding of the nose and their iuice rubbed vpon the brow doth as much The leaues of the stinging Nettle stampt with a little Myrrhe and applyed vnto the nauell in forme of a Cataplasme haue great power to prouoke the termes of women Their iuice drunke a certaine time prouoketh vrine and breaketh the stone A Liniment prepared with the leaues of Nettle Salt and Oyle doth
defend the parts of the bodie from all cold and staruing how great soeuer it might proue to be if so be that you rub the ridge of the backe the soles of the feet and the wrists of the hands therewith Likewise the iuice of this Neule mixt with a little Populeon and applyed vnto the wrists appeaseth the great heat of Agues The leaues beaten and mixed with oyle of Violets and Poppies and applyed vnto the wrists doe alike The vapour of the decoction of Nettle seed doth take away the stuffing of the nosthrils Such as haue the Cough with a great ratling in the throat cannot meet with a better medicine to make them spit out lustily than to take with some pâ—ctorall syrrop or decoction the weight of halfe a French crowne of Nettle seed finely powdred You must furthermore obserue this vertue in Nettles as that if it be put into a pot wherein is flesh boyling it will cause the flesh to be the sooner boyled Stauesacre must be sowne in a place reasonably drie and shadowed The seed chewed and held in the mouth draweth vnto it by his heat great quantitie of moisture stamped and mingled with oyle it driueth vermine out of the head and other parts of the bodie it cureth scuruinesle and itch sleeped in vineger and held in the mouth it assuageth the tooth-ach There is not anie need of great care to be taken in sowing the great small or middle Plantaine for they grow euerie where and yet they must be esteemed by reason of their vertues The iuice of Plantaine leaues or rootes pressed out and 〈◊〉 two houres before the fit to the quantitie of two ounces doth assuage the 〈◊〉 Feauer The leaues of Plantaine stamped with the whites of egges doe 〈◊〉 burnings An emplaister made of the iuice of Plantaine the white of an egge and Bole-Armoniacke and applyed vnto the brewes doth stay the bleeding of the nose Horse-taile as well the great as the small requireth a verie moist ground as neere to some poole or shadowed place The decoction thereof in wine or water doth stanch bleeding and all other fluxes whether it be the bloudie or anie other such The iuice put into the nosthrils doth stay the bleeding of them and with a Pessarie put vp into the necke of the Matrix it stayeth the flux thereof Pellitorie craueth no great care or tillage for it groweth naturally neere vnto walls A Cataplasme made of Pellitorie and the grease of a male or female Goat is a singular remedie for the gowt and slidings or falls The leaues of Pellitorie fried with fresh Butter or Capons grease and laid in forme of a Cataplasme vnto the bellie doth assuage the paine of the Colicke The iuice mingled in like quantitie with white Wine and oyle of sweet Almonds newly drawne doth assuage the paine and torment of the stone A Cataplasme made of greene Pellitorie stamped with crums of Bread and oyle of Lillies Roses or Camomile doth resolue Apostemes happening in the breasts It is good also for mollifying Clysters and Bathes that are deterging Shepheards Powch groweth in all ground but principally vpon the ruines of old walls and neere vnto walls The decoction of this hearbe in raine water with Plantaine and Bole Armoniacke being drunke certaine mornings or taken in Clysters doth stay the bloudie flux and the spitting of bloud A bath prepared with the decoction of the leaues stayeth the excessiue flux of the termes But if you take it and boyle it in red wine with a little Cinnamon and Tanners barke and so giue it the patient to drinke it will stay the most dangerous bloudie flux that can be possible It is verie good also for the same disease if it be giuen in milke The iuice doth heale greene wounds and being dropped into the eares doth drie vp the vlcers of the same The leaues stamped and applyed in forme of a Cataplasme doth kill inflammations and the wild fire The leaues eaten doe stay all sorts of bleeding being put into the nosthrils as also holden in the hand they stay the nose from bleeding Sow-bread desireth a shadowed ground as vnder some tree or bush which must notwithstanding be fat and well tilled to feed the root thereof which is full grosse solide and as it were like vnto the Turnep The Forest of Orleance is well stored and replâ—nished with this hearbe This is a thing to be maruelled at that the iuice of the root of Sow-bread snuffed vp into the nose purgeth the head and the distilled water thereof snuffed vp also into the nosthrils doth presently stay their bleeding The same water drunke to the quantitie of six ounces with an ounce of Sugar doth presently stay the bloud running downe from the breast stomacke or liuer and knitteth together the vessels therein if anie be broken which I my selfe haue proued and tried Two drammes of the iuice drunke with honied water doe loosen the bellie and free the liuer from obstructions as also the spleene in respect whereof it is singular good for the Dropsie and Iaundise but you must mixe with it a little Mallicke or Nutmeg or Rhubarbe for to correct the vehemencie thereof It is incredible what ease the iuice thereof worketh in the Colicke and other such like griping pangs if it be put into Clysters how greatly also it profiteth in Oyntments Liniments and Cataplasmes appointed for the hardnesse and swellings of the spleene and liuer If you infuse the roots chopped small in the oyle of Roses or Camomill or sweet Almonds and afterward boyle them together putting thereto a little wine in the end you shall presse them out This oyle dropped by two or three droppes into the eares doth driue away the noyse and deafenesse of the eares especially if vpon the eares you apply the drosse of these rootes at night at the parties going to bed or else chop small the rootes stampe them with Peaches and bitter Almonds steepe them all in Aqua vitae afterward straine them and drop certaine drops of that which shall be pressed out into the eares this is verie soueraigne for deafenesse and the noyse of the eares Crowfoot although there be six kinds of it yet they all loue a moist and marish ground and whereas the frogges delight to liue which also take pleasure in and 〈◊〉 themselues about this hearbe It is true that some of the sorts doe loue these 〈◊〉 places more than other some for the Crowfoot that hath a double flower not 〈◊〉 yellow but somewhat red and which appeareth onely in Autumne cannot grow in a verie moist place so as it doth in the drie medowes and in places a little 〈◊〉 contrariwise that which beareth a single flower of a yellow and golden colour cannot grow but in some watrie medow-plot and neere vnto standing water The other which beareth a double flower not verie yellow hath a bulbous and whitish root of a sharpe tast This same as well the leaues but
and maruailous good to stay the spreading of the canker in the breasts and the creeping Polypus howsoeuer some hold them as incurâ—ble The same applyed to the brows taketh away the hear and asswageth the paine of the head In an injection it mundifieth first and afterward conglutinateth wounds and drieth vp fistulaes verie readily and maligne vlcers which are easily prouoked and become worse by other remedies being dropt into weeping eyes it healeth them and stayeth such rheumes as fall downe vpon them and cause inflammation and dazeling of the same being applied with a linnen cloth vpon itchings wheales scabbes poukes the wild fire S. Anthonies fire or shingles it cureth and healeth them in a verie small time as also all other burning inflammations Being drunke for certaine dayes it stayeth all rheumes vomitings and fluxes of the bellie it drieth vp the water in those that haue the dropsie appeaseth the paines of the colicke it cureth tertiâ—n and quartan agues and I am verily of mind that it may be giuen to good and profitable purpose to other agues the temperature thereof considered and his infinite other secret qualities which euerie day are more and more manifested being drunke and applied a certaine time it reâ—uniteth the rupture and falling downe of the bowels the falling downe of the mother and the excessiue courses of women by suppressing them and whatsoeuer other â—luxes of bloud Taken in a gargarisme with a little Wine it driueth the vlcers of the mouth and being vsed for a gargarisme it selfe alone it is singular against the distillations causing the swelling of the vâ—ula or the inflammation of the throat called the squinancie likewise taken in the same mannâ—r it is good against the blacknesse and roughnesse of the tongue caused of a continuall ague The juice and decoction of the leaues worke the verie same effects if they be taken whiles as yet the herbe is not too much dried by the heat of the Sunne Of this Buckwheat there is made a compound water to make the face faire and beautifull and vndoubtedly to take away the freckles and it is thus made Take of the leaues thereof bruised in a mortar two good handfulls of the roots of Salomons seale made cleane with a linnen cloth and after brayed a quarter of a pound mingle all together and infuse them for the space of twelue houres in wine this being done put all into a limbecke adding thereto the juice of three Lymons or Oranges then distill and draw out the water in Maries-bath which you shall keepe verie carefully for your vse but it is requisite that before this you haue made prouision of the liquor of the Brionie root which must be gathered about the end of Aprill or in the beginning of May whiles the dews continue and that in this manner The head of 〈◊〉 root must be cut a little vncouering the top and not pulling it vp by the root 〈◊〉 it is thus pared at the top you must cut a hollow hole in it some two or three fingâ—â—â— deepe and then couer it againe with the cap you haue cut off from the head and some few of the leaues thereof and so to leaue it to the next morning before Sunâ—â— rise not taking off this cap or couering then there will be found in this hole a liquor which must be gathered with a spoone and put vp and kept in a violl glasse after which the couering must be put on againe as it was the day before and this to be continued euerie day vntill mid-May and longer if so be that one be disposed Now when you would vse it take an ounce of this liquor and mixe it in a violl with two ounces of the abouenamed compounded water and at night when you goe to bed you must wet a linnen cloth in this mixture and spread it all ouer the face then letting it rest a good part of the night but in the morning you must auoid the bâ—â—ning heat of the Sunne and this course shall be continued for certaine nights together But although the hearbe alone applied his juice water and decoction hauing great and excellent qualities as it is easie to judge by that which hath beene said before yet forasmuch as that one simple or one drugge or many joyned together and to good purpose and effect in that thing for which it was compounded and made is of much more efficacie by the helpe and assistance afforded vnto it I am willing for that cause to impart vnto you a maruailous oyntment made of the same Backe-wheat and the description of it it in manner as followeth Take of the juice of the leaues of Buck-wheat layed in steepe in a little white wine the space of foure and twentie houres one pound of the juice of Vernaine which is as yet but a little 〈◊〉 vp into branches in like manner steeped as before and that by it selfe a quarter of a pound of the juice of the leaues of yellow Henbane commonly called small Nicotian or the Queenes-herbe halfe a pound Oyle-Oliue a pound mix all these together in a skellet and boyle them vpon a small â—ire stirring it often with a spatule of wood vntill the juices be almost consumed then adde thereto of new waxe brokâ—n into peeces and of Perrosine of each a quarter of a pound and melt the whole by little and little still stirring it with a spatule and keeping a low fire without increasing of it which being done take the skellet from the fire and put into it at thâ—â— present instant of Venice Turpentine a quarter of a pound by little threeds 〈…〉 were and stirring it continually with a spatule then when the oyntment shall begin to wax cold put in Masticke and Frankincense mixt together in powder of each the weight two French Crownes and cease not to stirre it as before vntill it 〈◊〉 all well incorporated The marke to know when the oyntment is well made and fully finished is if a drop thereof being put vpon your naile doe congeale and 〈◊〉 together or that it cleaueth vnto the spatuâ—e stirring it Then put you vp this composition or mixture in Gallipots for to serue you as shall be declared hereafter This oyntment aboue all other remedies is singular good in the curing of the 〈◊〉 as well of the dugs as of other parts in the curing also of the Polypus Nâ—li 〈◊〉 tangere the Kings-euill bruised or squat â—â—â—les wounds old and new fistulaes and maligne vlcers be they neuer so rebellious It quencheth all sharpe inflammationâ— the shingles and burnings either of water or fire It rooteth out all sorts ofringwormes scabs itches pastules the wild scab and the wild fire It is good for 〈◊〉 of sinews iâ— there be added to it pouned wormes It cureth the moth or falling of the haire if before you annoint the head the haire be pulled and taken away 〈…〉 away the swelling and paines of the Hemorrhoides Being applied with 〈◊〉 greaâ—e and a little oyle of
to the quantitie of two drams purgeth hot and châ—lericke humours Dame Violets haue great leaues somewhat blacke notcht round about and broad the flowers are white and incarnate and in shape like vnto the Auens they grow sometimes so high as that they degenerate into a tree Goats-bread that it may haue faire double and full flowers doth craue a fat and moist ground The leaues thereof open at the Sunne rise and they close at noone the root boyled in mudde doth appease the paines and pricking of the side taken in forme of a lohoch with syrope of Violets it helpeth obstructed lungs and the pleâ—risie boyled in vvater and preserued with Sugar it is a singular preseruatiue against the Plague Poysons Venime and deadly Stinging the juice or distilled vvater of this hearbe doth heale greene vvounds if you dip linnen clothes therein and applie them to the wounds some vse the root of this hearbe in sallades where daintie and fine fare is the same boyled in a pot vvith Veale and Mutton and afterward prepared and made readie betwixt two dishes with butter and vinegar Marie or Marians Violets for the beautifulnesse of the flowers deserue to bâ— sowne in a fat and well laboured ground the flowers are good to make gargariâ—â—â—â— for the inflammations and vlcers of the mouth Lillie-conually called of the Latines Lillium conuallium notwithstanding thâ—t it groweth in shadowed Woodgrounds yet it deserueth to be tilled in gardens as 〈◊〉 in regard of the faire little flowers white as snow which it beareth being also of a most amiable smell somewhat like vnto the Lillies as also in respect of his vertues because the distilled vvater of the flowers being taken vvith strong and noble vvine doth restore the speech vnto them which haue lost it vpon an apoplexie it is good likewise for the palsey distillations and fainting of the heart yet these nor any other Lillies whatsoeuer can I commend for any vse of nosegaies because the smell of them â—s lussious grosse and vnwholesome apt to make the head ake and as some hold of â—pinion apt to in ingender infection by reason of a certaine putrefaction which it â—tirreth vp in the braine vvhereby all the inward parts are distempered therefore whosoeuer planteth them shall preserâ—â— them more for shew than smell and make â—se of their medicinall qualitie not oâ— their order and touching their medicinall qualtitie there is none better than this that if the root be taken and cleane washt and boyled in milke and so applyed to any hard tumour swelling byle or impoâ—tumation it will either dissolue it or else ripen breake and heale it so that it be applied pultus wise verie hot Water lillie as well the white as the yellow desireth a waterish and marshie place vve see it grow likewise in pooles and fish-ponds The root of vvhite vvater lillie â—oyled with grosse red wine and drunke stayeth womens whites the flowers roots â—nd seeds as well in decoctioâ—s as in conserues are verie singular or procure sâ—eepe â—nd to preserue chastitie Hyacinth groweth verie vvell in a sandie ground The root and seed boyled in vvine and drunke doth stay the flux of the bellie Narcyssus so called of a Greeke word because the smell of it comming vnto the 〈◊〉 doth cause an inclination vnto sleepinesse and heauinesse would be sowne in a â—at ground that is hot and moist it groweth also aboundantly in Languedoe and Iâ—alie and but a little in this countrie The root thereof boyled or roasted and taken with meat of drinke doth greatly procure vomit also the same brayed with a little Honie and applyed doth heale burnings taketh away the freckles and spots of the face being mixt with the seed of nettles Corneflag called in Latine Gladiolus as well the blew as the white would be planted of new plants in March and Aprill or else of slips but such as haue roots for they are neuer sowne neither doe they require any great tilling Their flowres differ from the flowres of marigolds in this in that the flowres of the marigold doe open at the Sunne-shine but the flowres of Corneflag doe shut and close vp themselues then not opening againe but when it is cold and moist weather The roots must be pulled out of the earth in the beginning of the Spring that thereby they may haue a pleasant smell and a delectable kind of sauour and afterward they must be died in the shadow of the Sunne Some people to take away the superfluous moisture thereof which putteth them in danger to be consumed with Wormes doe vvet them with Lee of ashes as well whiles they are in the earth as when they are out and so drie them and keepe them for to procure the linnens and woollen garments to smell well The juice of the roots put in a clyster doth appease the paine of the Sciatica the root dried and made in powder doth cleanse and consolidate hollow and filthie vlcers being held in the mouth it causeth a good breath layed amongst clothes it preserueth them from all vermine and maketh them smell pleasantly The juice of the root taken at the mouth sundrie times purgeth water in such as haue the dropsie especially if it be taken mixt with the yolke of an egge halfe boyled The root mingled with the root of ellebor and twice so much Honie doth wipe away freckles red pimples and all spots of the face if it be annointed thereupon The decoction of the root taketh away the obstructâ—ons caused of a grosse humour prouoketh vrine killeth vvormes and casteth out the stone The Italians make a preserue of this root whiles it is new with Sugar to Honie and vse it in all the cases aforesaid some make an oyle of the flowers infused in oyle which hath power to resolue soften and appease the griefe of cold rheumes or distillations Lillies must be planted in the moneth of March and Aprill in these 〈◊〉 and in hot countries in the moneths of October and Nouember as well the 〈…〉 the orange colour in a fat and well digged ground you shall make their flowe◠〈◊〉 what colour you will if before you set them you steepe their roots in such 〈◊〉 substance as shall best like you and afterward likewise to water the roots when they are set and planted in their trench with the same liquor and that after this 〈◊〉 Some say that the flowers of Lillies become red and purple if their roots before 〈◊〉 be planted be steept in the Lees of red Wine or in dissolued Cinnabrium and 〈◊〉 watered with the same in the little pit or trench wherein it is set Or else when 〈◊〉 are in flower in the moneth of Iune you must take ten or twelue plants and 〈◊〉 them together to hang them in the smoake for so they will put forth small roots 〈◊〉 vnto vvild Garleeke and when the time of setting is come which is in the 〈◊〉 of March and
may grow faire and haue a more pleasant smell it must be planted â—nder the shadow of a Figge-tree or grafted in the rind of a Figge-tree for the 〈◊〉 and sweetnesse of the Figge-tree doth temper the sharpenesse and acrimoâ—ie of the Rue Some say likewise that Rue will grow fairer if the branches thereof 〈◊〉 set in a Beane or Onion and so put into the ground It is likewise reported that it â—â—oweth fairer if one curse and hurt it when they set and plant it But looke how â—â—iendly and kind it is to the Figge-tree so much it is enemie vnto and hateth the â—â—emlocke likewise Gardiners when they would pull vp Rue for feare of hurting â—â—eir hands rub them with the juice of Hemlocke Wild Rue is of greater force than the garden Rue and of a more vnpleasant â—â—ell and also a more dangerous smell furthermore of so sharpe a vapour as that if 〈◊〉 come neere vnto the face neuer so little it will breed the wild fire in it The feed 〈◊〉 of the one and the other by the hot and drie temperature it hath drieth vp the 〈◊〉 of man and maketh him barren the same seed in decoction is good for distilâ—â—tions and the moisture of the matrix Rue hath a singular vertue and force against all manner of venime Likewise we 〈◊〉 that the king Mithridates was accustomed to vse an opiate made of twentie â—â—ues of Rue two drie Figges two old Walnuts and a little Salt to preserue his state â—gainst all manner of poyson For this cause you must plant in your gardens and 〈◊〉 your sheepecoats houses for your fowle and other cattell great quantitie of â—ue for Adders Lizards and other venimous beasts will not come neere vnto 〈◊〉 by the length of the shadow of it Some also hold it as a tried thing that to 〈◊〉 away Cats and Fulmers from hen-houses and doue-houses there is nothing â—etter than to set Rue at the doores thereof or round about them And that to free a â—ome of fleas and gâ—ats it is good to water that same with water sprinkled about with branch of rue In the plague time it is not good to put rue neere vnto your nose â—ontrarie to that which we see many men practise because by the sharpenesse of the 〈◊〉 there is caused a heat and excoriation of the part which it toucheth notwithâ—â—anding to draw out the venime that is in a bubo or pestilent carbuncle there is noâ—â—ing better than to applie thereto a cataplasme made of the leaues of rue stampt with leauen hogs-grease onions figges vnquencht lime sope cantharides and a 〈◊〉 treacle If a man haue eaten of hemlocke ceruse mandrakes blacke poppie 〈…〉 other hearbes which through their great coldnesse haue caused them to be 〈◊〉 and blockish they may profitably vse the juice of rue to drinke it for the 〈◊〉 of them from such danger or else the wine wherein it hath beene boyled Thâ— distilled water of rue powred into vvine and rose-water of each as much is good 〈◊〉 the weakenesse of the sight It is verie soueraigne for the headach and being 〈◊〉 in wine with fennell and so drunke it easeth all obstructions of the spleene or 〈◊〉 and taketh away the pain of the strangurie and also stoppeth any flux being 〈◊〉 with Cummin-seed it easeth all maner of aches and being stampt with home 〈◊〉 flower and the yolke of an egge it cureth any impostumation whatsoeuer All sorts of mints whether garden or wild doe nothing desire the ground 〈◊〉 dunged fat or lying open vpon the Sunne but rather a moist ground neere 〈◊〉 water for want thereof they must be continually watred for else they die it is 〈◊〉 sowne than set but if it be set then it may be either of roots or branches in 〈◊〉 or in the Spring time especially about the twelfth of March or September 〈◊〉 wanteth the seed to sow it may insteed thereof sow the seed of field mints 〈◊〉 the sharpe point downeward thereby to tame and reclaime the wildnesse of it 〈◊〉 it is growne it must not be toucht with any edge toole because thereupon it 〈◊〉 die Neither need you take care to sow it euerie yeare for it will grow of itselfe 〈◊〉 being sowne of set in great aboundance Mints stampt and applyed to breasts too hard and full of milke doe seften 〈◊〉 and hindreth the curding of the milke stampt with salt it is good against the 〈◊〉 of a mad dog stampt and put into a cataplasme it comforteth a weak 〈◊〉 and strengtheneth digestion two or three sprigs of mints taken with the juice of â—â—pomegranat stayeth the hicket vomiting and surfets It is good to help them 〈◊〉 haue lost their smelling by putting it oft to the nose Then leaues dried made in 〈◊〉 and drunke with white wine doth kill the wormes in yong children Such as 〈◊〉 milke aâ—ter they haue eaten it must by and by chaw of the leaues of mints 〈…〉 the quaâ—ling of the milke in their stomachs for mints haue the speciall 〈…〉 keeping milk from curding as also to keepe cheeâ—e from corruption and 〈◊〉 if it be sprinkled with the juice or decoction of mints being â—pplied vnto the 〈◊〉 it asswageth head-ach commming of cold The water of the whole hearbe distilled 〈◊〉 Maries bath in a glasse Alembecke and taken the quantitie of foure ounces 〈◊〉 stay bleeding at the nose which is very strange thing they that would liue 〈◊〉 must not smell vnto not eat any mints and therefore in auncient time it was 〈◊〉 captaines in warre to eat any mints Calamint otherwise called Mentastrum delighteth in the same ground 〈◊〉 mints we see it likewise grow in vntilled grounds neere vnto high waies and hedgâ— It prouoketh the termes in women whether it be taken at the mouth or in 〈◊〉 and that with such violence as that women may not in any case meddle with 〈◊〉 if they take themselues to be with child it is singular good vsed in formentation 〈◊〉 the paines of the stomach for the colicke and distillations the juice thereof 〈◊〉 the mouth killeth wormes in the bellie and being dropt into the eare it killeth 〈◊〉 there also Of this Calamint there are three kinds as the stone Calamint the 〈◊〉 Calamint and the water Calamint the water Calamint is excellent to make 〈…〉 the earth Calamint is verie good against leprosie helpeth paine in the 〈◊〉 and comforteth the stomach lastly the stone Calamint is soueraigne against 〈◊〉 and strengtheneth the heart if it be bruised and made into a plaiâ—ter with 〈…〉 sewet it healeth any venimous wounds and to drinke it three or foure daies 〈◊〉 either in ale or wine it cureth the jaundise Thyme as well of Candie as the common doth grow better planted than 〈◊〉 and craueth a place open vpon the Sunne neere vnto the sea and leane and it 〈◊〉 be planted at mid-March in a well â—illed ground that so it may the sooner
〈…〉 also that it may grow the fairer and fuller leafe it will be good to water the 〈◊〉 â—oft with water wherein hath been steeped for the space of one whole day drie thyme somewhat bruised If you be disposed to gather the seed you must gather also the flowers wherein it is contained seeing they cannot be sundred A Cataplasme made of thyme boyled in Wine appeaâ—eth the paine of the Sciatiâ—â—ca and the windinesse of the bodie and matrin The smelling of thyme is soueraigne to raise them that haue the Falling-sicknesse out of their fit and also to keepe them from their fit by decking their bed about with the leaues thereof The oft vsing of thyme with wine or whay is good for melancholicke persons Winter Sauourie craueth no fat manured or well tilled ground but rather an â—pen stonie and light ground lying so as the Sunne may shine full vpon it Both Thyme and Winter Sauourie are good for the nourishing of bees and for the preserâ—ing and seasoning of meats they are also called fine sebtill or small and slender hearbes Organie otherwise called bastard Margerome loueth a rough stonie peble weake and yet well fuâ—nisht ground and vvithall craueth a manured ground as also to be watered vntill it be growne vp to his full bignesse notwithstanding it be seene â—o grow in many places without watering or dunging It may be remoued of little â—prouts or sciences and the lower end set vpward to the end that it may put forth new â—prings and shoots and be sown of his seed the which the elder it is so much the sooâ—er it will put forth of the earth although that organie do not ordinarily shew it selfe before the 30 or 40 day after the sowing of it in many places it is sowne neere vnto â— because they willingly load themselues from thence and make singular honie Organie boyled in Wine and layed vpon the region of the raines doth take away and vndoe the difficultie of making vvater being boyled in wine and drunke it is good against venimous beasts or the stingings of Scorpions and Spiders A Cataplasme made of Organie and Barly meale boyled together resolueth the tumours vnder the eares The decoction thereof is good to comfort the sinews and the relaxed and weake parts the seed thereof drunke vvith Wine doth prepare and dispose a vvoman to conceiue the flowers and leaues of the sayd Organie dried at the fire in an earthen test or melting pot and being wrapped vp verie hot in a cloth and applied vnto the head and kept fast tied thereunto doth cure the rheume comming of cold Hyssope affecteth a place free from shadow and lying open vpon the Sunne it â—ay be set or sowne about the twelfth of March It must be cut in the moneth of August and dried to put in pottage in Winter Amongst other principall vertues that it hath it is of great vse for the affects of â—he lungs and to prouoke vvomens termes of there be a broth made thereof to sup â—asting in the morning Some say that the syrope of Hyssope taken oftentimes with â—owerfold so much of the vvater of Pellitorie of the wall causeth the stone and much grauell to auoyd from the reines Hyssope with figs rue and honie boyled together â—n water and drunke is good for those that are short breathed and for old and hard â—oughs stampt with salt cummine and honie and applied healeth the stingings of Scorpions stampt with oyle and rubbed it killeth lice pills made of hyssope â—orehound and pionie roots doe heale the falling-sicknesse Sommer sauourie doth delight in an open Sunne shining place and therefore must be set or sowne in such a one not in a fat or manured ground for it is often seen grow of it selfe in leane grounds and neere vnto the Sea It groweth more delightâ—ully and of a better tast if it be sowne amongst onions It is verie good for sauce to â—eat The leaues and flowres applied vnto the head in forme of a cap or garland doth away the drowsily inclined A Cataplasme made of sauorie and wheat meale â—oth cure distillations The Sciatiâ—â—â— Coriander â—orteth well with any kind of ground notwithstanding in a fat and â—ew ground it groweth a great deale more aboundantly and it seeketh for an hot â—ire againe that which groweth in a sunnie place doth ouerthriue that vvhich groweth in a shadowed place when you goe about to sow it chuse the eldest seed you can get for by how much it is the elder by so much it is the better so that it 〈◊〉 not mouldie and foughtie Sow it also in a fat and moist ground and yet 〈…〉 a leane ground and to cause it to spring vp the sooner you must steepe the 〈…〉 water two daies before you sow it If you must dung the ground where it is to be sowne it must be with Sheepe or Goats dung rather than anie other The excessiue heat thereof bringeth Head-ach and the trembling of the 〈◊〉 being eaten after meat it comforteth digestion and dispelleth windinesse so that 〈◊〉 be prepared The way to prepare it is as followeth You must hauing dried it 〈◊〉 cast vpon it verie good wine and vineger mixt together and leaue it thus sprinklâ—â— and wet the space of foure and twentie houres then drie it vp and keepe it for Physicke vse being stamped in vineger and cast vpon flesh it keepeth it from 〈◊〉 it prouoketh womens termes and some say that looke how manie seeds a woman drinketh with white wine so manie daies shall her termes continue 〈…〉 drunke with the iuice of Pomegranats killeth the Wormes in children The 〈◊〉 thereof with Ceruse Litharge of Siluer Vineger and Oyle of Roses 〈…〉 Wild fire and all Rednesse The seed stamped in Vineger doth keepe the 〈◊〉 from corrupting in Summer Also to drinke the iuice thereof with Honey 〈◊〉 Wine killeth Wormes and adding the seedes bruised thereto it helpeth a 〈◊〉 Feuer Sage as well the little as the great it planted of branches wrythen at the foot 〈◊〉 also of roots in the Spring and Autumne It is sowne also at the same time The 〈◊〉 delighteth to be laid about with Lee ashes It must be set neere vnto Rue to 〈◊〉 from Adders and Lizards which vse to take vp their lodging neere vnto Sage 〈◊〉 may be knowne by the leaues which haue their tops oftentimes withered and dried the same comming of hauing beene touched by Serpents Sage refuseth neither 〈◊〉 nor cold ayre how beit naturally it groweth in a barren stoâ—â—e and ill 〈◊〉 ground and that in such sort as that in some places of Spaine the mountaine◠〈…〉 ouer-growne therewith and the Countrey inhabitants burne no other wood Noâ—withstanding to grow faire it would be well digged about and kept clean◠〈◊〉 leaues and stalkes that are dead It hath a singular vertue to comfort the â—inewes that are hurt by being 〈…〉 or otherwise become weake
matter as you shall know to be necessarie for the present disease as conserues of roses and buglosse damaske raisins the powders of the electuaries of precious stones aromaticum rosatum and such like things and finally distill them after the manner aboue specified Some there are vvhich vvill not make any restoratiues but of capons-flesh the oldest they can get such they strangle and plucke by feather and feather not vsing the helpe of any hot vvater then they take out the entrailes and chop them small adding thereto flowers or conserues of buglosse burrage damaske raisins mundified barley whole coriander-seed pearles powder of the electuarie diarrhodon or some other like vnto it and the leaues of gold they distill all together and cause it to be giuen to sicke persons women in child-bed and old folke To make a restoratiue in shorter time and that vpon the sudden with lesse cost charges as also paine and labour chop your flesh small after the manner alreadie deliuered put it into a glasse viole or bottle of a sufficient bignesse and in such sort as that all your peeces of flesh be strung or put vpon a double threed and hold one by another and the double threed vvhereupon they hang be vvithout the bottle which must be well stopt aboue with a linnen or cotten cloth wet in a mixture made vvith whites of egges and barley â—lower set this bottle in a caldron full of water boyling at a small fire and there let it stand foure houres more or lesse vntill such time as a good part of the flesh bee conuerted into moisture See that the bottle stand in the vvater vp to the necke and that it touch not the bottome of the caldron and vvithall vvell stayed vp on euerie side that so it may not slip or bend more one vvay than another When the foure houres are spent rebate the fire gently that so the bottle also may coole by little and little vvhich if so bee that you should take all hote out of the water it vvould breake presently Afterward vnstop the bottle vvith vvarme vvater if you cannot vvell otherwise and then draw forth the string and the flesh softly that so the liquor may remaine alone straine the vvater after the manner of Hypocras and aromatize it vvith Sugar and Ciâ—â—â—mome that so it may be giuen to the sicke that are vvasted You may after this manner make restoratiues such like as you shall thinke good either cheaper or dearer more or lesse pleasant and delicate and more or lesse medicinable as occasion may require CHAP. LXIX The manner of distilling compound waters WAters are not onely distilled of one onely or simple plant liquor or other matter but also of many mixt together and such vvaters are called compounded vvaters by reason of the mixture of many things These compound vvaters are of three sorts some are for physick othersome for sweetnesse and the other for â—ukes and painting as ornaments to the bodie vve vvill first and before the rest speake of those which serue for medicine and physicke Sage water compounded Take equall parts of sage and penniryall stampe them in a mortar and distill them This water taketh away the paine of the bellie and stayeth cold rheumes if it be drunke with a little quantitie of castoreum Water of turneps compounded Take turneps either garden or wild ones or both together the roots of smallage and parsley and anise-seed infuse them all in white wine or vinegar and distill the vvater as good against grauell Angelica water Take equall parts of Angelica as well the rootes as the leaues but especially the rootes and the flowers of lauander infuse them in Wine there will distill from them a singular water against the Falling-sicknesse if it be taken in the quantitie of two or three spoonefulls Water of Celandine Gather in the beginning of the moneth of May the leaues of celandine veruaine rue and fennell pound them and draw from euerie one of them three ounces of juice vvhich you shall mix together put vnto them some buds of roses of sugar-candie three ounces of verie good Tutia foure ounces and as much of dragons bloud distill them all in a stillitorie This vvater taketh away the rednesse and spots in the eyes Water of the Vine Take the vvater that distilleth from the vine-stockes at such time as they are cut vvhich is in the Spring-time distill it with like quantitie of honie this vvater healeth itchings heat and rednesse of the eyes the verie vvater of of the vine alone vndistilled doth the like Rose-water Take roses three parts fennell and rue of each one part shred them small and mingle them verie well together afterward distill them and let the distilling vvater fall into a vessell wherein is a handfull of the foresaid hearbes this vvater preserueth the sight if the eyes be vvashed therewith in Sommer Water of Eye-bright Take Celandine Fennell Rue Eye-bright Veruaine red Roses of each halfe a pound Cloues and Long-pepper of each two ounces bruise them all and distill them in a glasse stillitorie This vvater is singular good for a vveake sight Water of Rosemarie Take Aqua-vitae distilled of white Wine the distilled vvater of rosemarie and sage of each fiue pound of sugar two pound in these infuse of the flowers of sage and rosemarie for the space of eight daies of each two ounces straine them and keepe the water to heale the fistulaes of the eyes Water of Treacle Distill in a glasse stillitorie Treacle with a like quantitie of Aqua-vitae and Vinegar This vvater is good to touch the vlcers and rawnesse of the mouth vvithall especially if there be added vnto it a little bole-armoniacke Another Treacle water Take old Treacle a pound of the rootes of Enula campana Gentian Cypers Tormentill of each an ounce of blessed Thistle halfe an ounce of conserues of Borage Buglosse and Rosemarie of each an ounce infuse them all together in three pints of white Wine a pint and a halfe of Cesterne water and two pints of Rose-water distill them Water of Cloues Take equall parts of Cloues Ginger and flowers of Rosemarie infuse them in verie good Wine the space of eight daies distill the whole This vvater comforteth the stomacke assuageth the paines and vvringings of the bellie killeth vvormes and maketh fat folke to become leane or maketh fat the leane if they drinke it mixt with sugar Water of Saxifrage Take of the juice of Saxifrage two pound of the juice of Pearlewort Parsley Anise and Clotburre of each halfe a pound of vvhite Vinegar eight ounces distill them all This vvater drunke in the morning breaketh the stone Water of Swallowes Take Swallowes and drie them in an ouen make them into powder mixe it vvith a little Castoreum and a little Vinegar distill it all this water cureth the Falling-sicknesse if it be drunke foure
mornings Water of horse-taile Take horse-taile plantaine red roses Winter-cherrie-berries rootes of holihockes and scraped licorice of each an ounce of bole-armoniacke halfe an ounce of the seed of gourds and cucumbers of each three drams of the seede of white poppie six drams of the seed of quinces halfe an ounce Infuse them all in vvhay made of goats milke the space of two daies afterward distill the vvater which will serue for the vlcers of the reines and bladder if there be foure ounces of â—â—taken vvarme in the morning Water of corneflag Take equall parts of corneflag hyssope and southernewood stampe them throughly and leaue them so a certaine time afterward distill them this vvater prouoketh womens termes and killeth wormes in young children burnet-Burnet-water burneâ—- Take the seed of burnet parsley smallage the leaues and rootes of clotburre and smallage of euerie one equally stampe all together after put thereto of draggons bloud an ounce and a little good vinegar â—et all to infuse together a certaine time afterward distill it this vvater hath a meruailous vertue against the stone and grauell A singular vvater for the grauell vvhich the deceased Monsieur de Tillet had great vse of vvith happie succesâ—e Take the rootes of parsley and fennell made verie cleane and the vvooddie part taken out of each â—oure handfulls boyle them in twelue pintes of riuer water vvhen they are halfe boyled put thereto of the tender buds of Mallows holihockes violets and sea-weed of each foure handfulls boyle all together to the consumption of the halfe after straine them through a white napkin distill them putting thereunto two pound of Venice turpentine A singular water for the eyes Take celandine veruaine betonie eye-bright rue and fennell all new and fresh of each two handfulls stampe them together sprinkling them with halfe a pound of white Wine presse out the juice and afterward infuse in the same pepper and ginger made in powder of each halfe an ounce of saffron three drams of myrrhe aloes and sarcocol of each one ounce of verie good honie a pound distill them all in a glasse stillitorie at a small fire and keepe the water for the spots of the eyes Take foure ounces of the pills of Oranges dried in the shadow of the Sunne sixe dayes nutmegs and cloues made into powder either of them by themselues of each foure ounces infuse the said aromaticall powders in a glasse viole with rose-rosewater the space of seuenteene dayes in the Sunne after cast vpon the said powders the rindes of oranges vvhich you shall let steepe there a certaine space of time Afterward take of new red roses gathered two daies before a pound of the roote of cypeâ—us halfe a pound of the leaues of rosemarie hysâ—op balme roses of the bush of each two handfulls of bay-leaues a handfull lay them all to drie in the Sunne for two houres after infuse them in rose-water the space of three houres this done put them all into a Still after this manner In the bottome of the Still make a bed of one pound of new red roses then next a bed of aromaticall powders and the rindes of oranges in the third place a bed of Violet flowers and in the fourth place the last and fourth bed of the afore named hearbes distill them all in Maries-bath with a gentle fire Adde vnto the distilled water two pound of rose-water or thereabout so that it may be in proportion equall to the third or fourth part of the water drawne out by distillation This vvater taken in the morning the weight of a dramme keepeth the bodie sound lustie and reneweth youth It is singular for the paine of the head tteeth bellie gripings palsie conâ—ulsions apoplexie faintings and other such cold diseases This is the vvater that is so much esteemed in the courts of kings and princes and amongst the great and renowned ladies An Allome-water Take Verjuice the juice of Plantaine and Purslaine of each a pound seuen whites of egges ten ounces of Roch-allome mingle them together and distill them Otherwise take plantaine purslaine sorrell gourds nightshade and verjuice of each a handfull poune them grosly mixe therewith ten or twelue whites of egges put them all in a glasse stillitorie to distill mingling amongst them halfe a pound of Allome as you lay bed vpon bed this water is good for caâ—kers for the rednesse of the face and for vlcers applying linnen clothes thereunto that haue beene wet therein You may likewise distill purging waters in infusing purgatiue medicines both simple and compound seeing that they be as new as may be and that in Aqua-vitae wine milke whay distilled waters or conuenient decoctions and such waters vvill haue the like vertues as the purging medicines haue thus you may distill Catholicum Diaphoenicon confectio Hamech and Electuarium de â—ucco rosarâ—m Thus you may distill rhubarbe agaricke hellebor scammonie and such other purgatiues that are sound and new The maner of distilling rhubarbe may be this take a quantitie of new and greene Rhubarbe vvhether it be a pound or halfe a pound more or lesse make it â—â—to small pieces or make it into grosse powder and vpon it cast of the iuice of Borage and Buglosse of each two pound for one of Rubarbe infuse them all together for the space of foure and twentie houres vpon hot ashes then distill them in a Stillitorie in Maries bath This distilling of purgatiue Medicines is for such kind of people as are verie delicate and cannot abide the smell of the purging medicine to be ministred otherwise vnto them CHAP. LXX Of sweet Waters particularly described SWeet Waters serue to wash the hands face haire of the head and beard as also to make Linnens Garments Gloues and such other things to smell sweet Water of Lauander Take the flowers of Lauander new or drie beâ—prinkle or infuse them in Rose-water Wine or Aqua-vitae afterward distill them The water will be sweeter if you drie the flowers in the Sunne in a Glasse-violl close stopped and cast vpon them afterward some white Wine And if in the time of want and lacke of distilled water you would haue a water presently made which should resemble the smell of the water of Lauander cast a drop or two of the Oyle of Spike into a good sufficient quantitie of pure water and swill them well together in a bottle or Glasse-violl with a narrow necke This water though it be not distilled yet it ceaseth not to haue the sweet smelling sent and sauour that the distilled hath Water of Cloues Take halfe an ounce of Cloues well bruised set them to infuse in a pound and a halfe of rose-Rose-water the space of foure and twentie houres after distill them in Maries bath The water of sweet Smells Take Basill Mints Marierome rootes of Corneflag Hyssope Sauorie Sage Balme Lauander and Rosemarie of each a handfull of Cloues Cinnamome and Nâ—tmegs of each halfe an
Beanes infuse them a day or two in white Wine in a Glasse-violl in the Sunne afterward distill them This water taketh away the spots of the face if it be washed therewith morning and euening The rootes of great Dragons distilled maketh a singular water to take away the prints and marks which the pocks haue left behind them so doth likewise the distilled water of the root of wild Vine of Corneflag Sowbread Costmarie Angelica Elicampane Tutneps wild Cucumbers white Onions Gentian Capers Lillies Madder Alkanet Cinquefoile Crowfoot Tasell and manie other hearbes Water of Guaiacum Take Guaiacum and cut it in small pieces infuse them a certaine time in the decoction of other Guaiacum and a third part of white Wine afterward distill them in a Glasse-Stillitorie The water that shall distill thereof is singular for the taking away of all spots out of the face especially if you ioyne with it in the distilling of it some Lillie rootes The water that is distilled in equall quantitie of the leaues of Peaches and Willowes taketh away the red spots and rubies of the face The water that is distilled in equall quantitie of the whites of egges and iuice of Limons scoureth the face and maketh it faire In stead of this water if you haue not the fit meanes to distill it you shall take seuen or eight Limons or Citrons which you shall cut into quarters and after infuse them in white Wine in the Sunne Another water Take six ounces of the crummes of white bread infuse them in two pound of Goats or Asses milke mingle them diligently together and afterward distill them Water of Snailes Take white Snailes about thirtie of Goats milke two pound of the fat of a Pigge or Kid three ounces of the powder of Camphire a dramme distill them in a Glasse-Stillitorie Water of the whites of egges Take the whites of new egges about twelue fine Cinnamome an ounce and Asses milke twelue ounces distill all in a Glasse-Stillitorie This water maketh a woman looke gay and fresh as if shee were but fifteene yeares old Water of Calues feet Take the feet of a Calfe and taking away their skinne and hooues of their hoofes cut the rest in pieces that is to say the bones sinewes and marrow and so distill them This water maketh the face Vermillion like and taketh away the blemishes of the small Pocks A singular water to make one white Take the dung of small Lizards or of the Cuttle fish the Tartar of white Wine the shauing of Harts-horne white Corall the flower of Rice as much of one as of another beat them a long time in a Mortar to make them into fine powder afterward infuse them a night in an equall portion of the distilled water of sweet Almonds Snailes of the Vine and white Mulleine and put thereunto likewise the like weight of white Honey distill all together in a Stillitorie Water of bread crummes compounded Take the crummie part of Barly bread indifferent betwixt white and blacke two pounds of Goats milke three pounds of white Wine halfe a pound of the foure great cold seeds of each two ounces of the flowers of Beanes or dried Beanes and Cich Pease of each two pound of Rice halfe a pound of the flowers of water Lillies and white Roses of each two pugillâ— the whites and yolkes of twentie egges distill them all in Maries bath and the water will be a great deale more excellent if you put vnto the distillation some Venice Turpentine Water of the broth of a Capon Take of the broth of a Capon Henne or Pullet three pound of the iuice of Limons one pound of white vineger halfe a pound of the flowers of Beanes and water Lillies of each three pugills the whites of two or three egges the weight of two French crownes of Camphire distill them all This water is of a maruellous vertue to take away the spots and staines of the face and other parts of the bodie The water of Branne Take Branne the best that you can find sift it diligently and afterward temper it with strong vineger put them into a Still and cast vpon them tenne or twelue yolkes of egges distill them all This water maketh the face cleane glistening and verie faire Another water Take the flower of Beanes and water Lillies of each a pound of bread crummes Rice flower flowers of Corneflags of each six ounces of Honey a pound of white Wine and water of the fountaine of each three pound let all be well mingled together and afterward distill them in Maries bath Take the rootes of Corneflag and wild Cucumbers of each three pound of the rootes of Holihockes and Lillies of each two pound of ripe Grapes halfe a pound of Beane flowers and leaues of wall Pellitorie of each a pugill of water Lillies and Mallowes of each a handfull of the crummes of Barly bread a pound infuse it all in white Wine or in the household store of Goats milke putting to the infusion halfe an ounce of the rootes of Turneps and of the foure great cold seedes another halfe ounce of the vrine of a little girle halfe a pound let all be distilled together This water is singular good to take away freckles scarres the prints of the small pockes and all other spots of the skinne A water vsed amongst the Ladies of the Court to keepe a faire white and fresh in their faces Take a white Pigeon a pint of Goats milke foure ounces of fresh Butter foure pugills of Plantaine and as much of the roots and leaues of Salomons seale 〈◊〉 ounce of Camphire halfe an ounce of Sugar candie and two drammes of Alloâ—e let all settle together and afterward distill it Another wâ—ter Take of the crummes of white bread two pound of the flowers of Beanes one pound of white Roses the flowers of water and land Lillies of euerie one two pound of Goats milke six ounces and of the flowers of Cornflag anounce distill all this water is good to keepe the hands cleane and white Take Cowes milke in the moneth of May in other moneths it is not worth aniâ— thing two pounds foure Oranges and fiue Citrons Roch Allome and fine Sugar of each an ounce cut the Oranges and Citrons into small quarters and infuse them in milke afterward distill them all this water is good to keepe the colour neat fresh Take a certaine number of egges the newest you can get and lay them to steepe in verie strong Vineger three whole dayes and nights afterward pierce them with a pinne in such sort as that you may cause all the water that is within them to come forth and then distilling this water you shall find it excellent to beautifie the face Likewise to wash the face with the water of Almonds or Sheepes or Goats milke or else to lay vpon the face when one goeth to sleepe a white Linnen cloth dipped in these
Trout loues the Breame loues Butterflies greene flies paste or brood of Wasps the Tench loues paste the Red-worme Maggots dried Wasps the Bleake Ruffe and Pearch loue the Red-worme the house-flie fat Bacon Bob Maggot or Canker the Pyke loues the small Roch Dace or Menow Frogges or Bulheads Lastly the Salmon loues all those baits which the Trout loues as paste or flies in Summer and all sorts of Wormes or the Cankers or water-Dockes in the Winter And thus much for the generall satisfaction of all Readers which desire knowledge in this art of Angling and which indeed is verie proper and fit for our Husbandman CHAP. XVII The fishing of all sorts of Fish THe fishing or taking of fish is diuers according to the Riuers and Waters wherein they keep as also in respect of the diuersitie of the fishes themselues for the fishing in the sea and that in fresh water is not all one but seuerall and diuers the great fishes one way the Eele another way the Pike another way and the Carpe is taken another way But whereas it might fall out that such variable manner of fishing might be verie difficult and long to describe we will leaue this knowledge to such as make account to sell and buy fish and will onely declare for the benefit of the householder that the chiefest and most principall waies to take fish are either in the Maund or with the Casting-net or with the Line or with Nets or with the Hooke The Nets do heape together greatest store of fish but they are chargeable to maintaine the Casting-net is of the same condition the Line and hooke are the most ingenious and wittie but least profitable and of slendrest reward The fittest time to goe a fishing in Autumne is after Sunne-set and then principally when it is betwixt night and day for then fishes are slumbring and that so deepely as that they may be taken at their rest with light and flaming torches In Winter the fittest time to fish in is about noone in the Spring time all the day long but chiefely before the Sunne rise which Spring time is the most fit of all other times for fishing in as much as then the water being warme and the fish stirred vp to engender they rise from the bottome of the depths to the vppermost part of the waters yea oftentimes to the verie edges thereof The worst and most vnfit time of all other is the Summer especially whiles the Dogge-daies last the heat whereof causeth the fish to die and constraineth it to betake it selfe to the bottome of the depths so that if you would fish in Summer it must be in the night season In fishing you are to haue regard vnto the wind so that when the North wind bloweth you must turne your Nets toward the South wind and the South wind blowing toward the North wind In like manner when the Westerne wind bloweth your Nets must be turned toward the East and contrarily but before all things fishing must be gone about in a calme time when there is not anie tempest abroad For to gather fish together into one place Take Penyryall Sauorie Organie and Marierome of euerie one the weight of three French crownes of the barke of the Frankincense and Myrrhe-tree of each one ounce of sweet Cherries dried and infused in good wine halfe a pound of a Hogges liuer rosted of Goats grease and Garlike of each a pound stampe euerie one by it selfe and after put thereunto some sine grauell with this mixt together you shall feed the fish for some houre or two before you cast in your Net which when at such time you haue cast in you shall therewith compasse the place about To catch all sorts of fish Take Sheepes sewet of burnt Sesamum Garlike Organie Thyme and dried Marierome of euerie one a sufficient competent quantitie stampe them with the crummes of bread and wine and giue of this composition to the fish to eat Or else take sweet Cherries dried and braying them make pills thereof to giue vnto fishes Or make a meat with vnquencht Lime old Cheese and Rams sewet cast this into the water and presently you shall see the fish flote and lye still vpon the water Fishermen to catch small fish with the Line doe bait hookes with small earth-wormes whereof the fish are verie desirous and greedie Otherwise take the Indian shell Cummin old Cheese flower of Wheat knead them all together with Wine make pills thereof as great as small Peason cast them into the Riuer when the water shall be quiet and calme all the fish that shall tast of this confection as though they were drunke and besotted will run to the brinke of the Riuer and so as that you may take them vp with your hand Or else make a confection with the round root of Birthwort bruised or Sowes bread and vnquencht Lime cast vpon the water some portion of this consection the fishes will hasten vnto it presently and hauing tasted thereof will die suddenly To take small fishes Take the flesh of a Snaile without a taile and thereof make a bait and put not on anie more than one little Snaile at a time Or else take the flesh and bloud of a Calfe well powned put it into a vessell and so leaue it by the space of â—enne daies afterward vse it to make baits of Otherwise take sweet Cherries dried and bray them making pills thereof which you shall cast vnto the fishes Take Sal ammoniake an ounce Onions the weight of a French crowne of the fat of a calfe the weight of sixe crownes make pills thereof after the fashion of beanes and offering them to Torteises they vvill come to the smell and so be taken For the Cuttle-fishes Take the lees of strong Wine and mixe them vvith oyle and casting it into a place vvhere you know that the Cuttle hath cast her blacke and shadowing humor she will come to the place where the oyle is and so you may take her Or else take Sal ammoniack two ounces Goats butter an ounce stampe them all and make little soft loaues thereof wherewith annoint some kind of corne or little clothes that are not fringed for so it will come to passe that the Cuttle will â—eed round about them and not stirre away so that you may take them presently To take Loaches Take the bran of Wheat two pound of whole Lintiles halfe a pound mingle them together and bray them with a sufficient quantitie of salt briâ—e after put thereto halfe a pound oâ— Seâ—amum of which you must cast about you some heere and some there for as soone as you haue cast it from you all the small fish will hasten vnto it and which is more they will flock together into one place though they be sixe hundred paces off Or â—lse take Neats bloud Goats bloud Sheepes bloud Swines bloud and the dung which is in the small guts of an Hog Thyme Organie
with the frounce or mouth canker you shall wash the â—ore with allome and strong vineger beaten together till they be as thicke as puddle If you will prepare her stomake for the receiuing of a purge and both comfort and strengthen it you shall wash her meate in water in which cloues and licoras haue beene steept if you will purge her stomake you shall giue her Aloes if you will purge her liuer you shall giue her Rubarbe if you will purge her kidnes or take away the shortnesse of breath or kill wormes giue her Agaricke if you will purge her of her gripings in the bodie or take away the pantas or kill fellanders giue her Rewe or herbe of grace if you will comfort the heart or fortifie the lungs giue her Saffron to clense away all putrifaction giue her Myrthe if you will purge her head take away windinesse or what griefe commeth of cold causes giue her Mustard-seed if you will purge from her grosse humours giue her wormewood for any disease of the liuer whatsoeuer there is nothing better than to wash her meate in the water of Liuerworte for any inward inflammation wish her meate in the water of Sorrell for the casting of her gordge and to strengthen the stomak againe wash her meate in the iuice of Mints or the distilled water thereof for all dulnesse of spirit and sadnesse of heart wash her meate in the water or iuice of burrage or buglosse to molliâ—ie the hardnesse of the liuer or any other oppellations giue her the iuice of Hearts-tongue to make away obstructions or stoppings in the head giue her either Rosâ—marie or the water thereof for the weakenesse of the sinewes trembling of members or for cramps swellings soares or canker giue her sage-bruise outwardly or the iuice inwardly for purâ—inesse or short breath giue her the iuice of Horehound for the numbnesse or stiffenesse of ioines cankers or sores bathe them in the decoction oâ— of woodbine for all manner of infection poyson or inward bruises giue her the herbe Cardus Benedictus which herbe you may giue either greene or dryed either the iuice or the powder or if you please you may giue the distilled water for the biting of any mad dogge or any other venimous beast annoynt the place either with Angelica or the iuice of an onion for any extreame drought or heate which is in the stomake wash all her meate in the decoction of French Barley for any Fistula or cankorous sore take Brimstone for the Pantas take Butter and rose-Rose-water for the Crampe take Polipodie of the oake or the iuice of Brianie or of Garlicke or where they faile take the powder of the rootes of Pionie and let the Hawke smell to the same or pounce her naâ—es therewith for the falling sicknesse wash her meat in the iuice of Pellitorie of Spaine for the pinne in the foot make her a plaister of Galbanum white pitch and Venice-turpentine and applie it to the same Lastly for the Rie which is a disease of all other most common and incident to all manner of hawkes but especially to these short winged hawkes you shall take a rumpe of mutton and cut away the fat which is about it very cleane and then foulding the same in a handfull of parceley let your hawke feed and tire herselfe thereupon at her pleasure and it will make the filth to issue and come forth out of her nares and purge her head wonderfully The Faulcon as we haue said in the art of hawking is sometimes a generall word taken for all kinds of hawks sometimes it is taken for a speciall word and according to that sence there are diuers sorts of that name which I omit to intreat seuerally of because of such as haue written of the nature of birds but howsoeuer the Faulcon is the prince of the birds of pray I meane in respect of flight for her stoutnesse and great courage and is to be accounted of great value when she hath a round head and the top of her head is full her beake short and thicke her nostrels great and open her eie browes high and thicke her eies great and cloaked a long necke a high brest large shoulders the feathers of her wings thinne long thighes short and chicke legs greene great and well spred feet blacke sharpe and pearching â—alonâ— and which iâ— for bignesse neither too great nor too little The Faulcon as all other birds of prey hath her Tiercelet and they are called of the Latines Pomiliones that is to say small birds resembling them and nothing differing from them saue onely in greatnesse and they are all of them as it were the males of the birds of prey the females being for the most part of greater bulke and bodies than the males That of the Faulcon is called nothing but a Tiercelet or the male Faulcon The Tiercelets of the other Hawkes haue their proper names as the male Sparrow-hawke is called a Musket the male Lanier a Laneret and the male Sacre a Sacret The Tiercelet of the Faulcon hath his feathers verâ—e glittering his head and eyes black ash-coloured vpon his back and traine and yet glittering He is a Hawke for the lure as also the Faulcon and not for the fist His legges and feet are yellow hauing for the most part a pale breast he carrieth two very black spots vpon his feathers on the sides of his eies To reclaime the Faulcon you must haue him commonly vpon your fist feed him with the wings and legges of Hennes soked in water and set him in a darke place sometimes presenting them with a bason full of water wherein they may bathe themselues and after their bathing drie them at the fire they must be vsed first to take small birds then indifferent great ones and afterward greater ones but you must not feed them with any part of the birds which they shall haue taken They flie maruellous swift and mount very high there houering and soaring but withall still looking downeward and when they see the Duck the greene Goose Crane or Heron they come downe like an arrow their wings shut and drawne together right vpon the Fowle to breake in vpon her with her tallons behind at vvhich time if they happen to misâ—e and the Fowle flie away they presently flie after but and if they cannot seize vpon her as enraged and angrie they take so long a â—light thereupon as that they loose their master The Faulâ—on is more fit than any other Hawke to flie the Heron and all other fowle of the riuer Her diseases and the curing of them are like vnto those of the Sparrow-hawke howbeit the Faulcon is of a stronger nature than the Sparrow-hawke The Hobbie is the least of all Hawkes in respect of bodie except the Merlin and is likewise for the lure and not for the fist being of the number of those that soare aloft as the Faulcon the Lanier the Sacre This bird is sufficiently knowne euery where for there
from off the Trees as he meaneth to preserue Hee shall take away the leaues from about such Grapes as are slow and backward to the end they may receiue and reape the more heat from the Sunne He shall make his Veriuice He shall digge the Earth to make Wells or to find the heads of Fountaines if he haue need He shall thinke vpon making readie his Wine vessels and other things necessarie for his Vintage In September he shall giue his land that commeth to be tilled againe after it hath beene fallow the last earder He shall sow his Wheat Masâ—ing Rye and such like Corne. Hee shall gather his Vintage beat downe Nuts cut downe late Medow grounds to haue the after-Crop Hee shall gather stubble for the thatching of his house and for fuell to the Ouen all the yeare He shall cut away the branches of Madder and gather the Seed to sow in the beginning of the March following Hee shall gather the leaues of Woâ—d and order them in such sort as that they may be made vp into balls and he shall cause them to be dried in the Sunne or at a fire not verie hot He shall cut downe Rice and Millet In October he shall make his Wines and turne them into Vessels He shall bestow his Orenge Citron and Pomegranate Trees in some couered place to auoid the danger of the eminent Cold. He shall make his Honey and Waxe and driue the old Bees In Nouember he shall couch his Wines in his Cellar He shall gather Acornes to feed Swine Hee shall gather Chesnuts small and great and such Garden-fruits as will keepe He shall take Radish out of the Earth taking off their leaues and putting them vnder the Sand to keepe them from the Frost Hee shall lay bare the rootes of Artichokes and couer them againe verie well that the Frost may not perish them Hee shall make Oyles Hee shall make Hiues for Bees Panniers Dung-pots and Baskets of Osier Hee shall cut Willowes for to make Frames to beare vp Vines and shall bind the Vines and draw the climbing Poles from the Vines In December hee shall oftentimes visite his Fields thereby to let out the water which may stand in them after great Raine Hee shall cause water to runne through the old Medowes and dung them if need be Hee shall make prouision of Dung to manure his fallowes that are broken vp and tilled Hee shall couer with dung the rootes of the Trees and Hearbes which he intendeth to keepe vnto the Spring Hee shall cut off the boughes and heads of Willowes Poplars Saplings and other Trees to the end that their boughes may more speedily put forth and grow so soone as Winter shall be past Hee shall cut downe his Wood as well to build withall as to make his fire with Hee shall make readie his Nets to catch Birds and to beset the Hares when as the Fields shall be yâ—ie or couered with Snow or ouerflowne with Waters in such sort as that a man can doe no worke in them Hee shall also occupie himselfe as long as he pleaseth in making a thousand pretie Instruments and necessarie things of Wood as are Platters Trenchers Spindles Bathing-Tubs Dishes and other things requisite for household store as also Harrowes Rakes and Handles for these Tooles He shall repaire his Teames Yokes Ploughes and all other Instruments necessarie for the fitting and garnishing of Cattell going to Cart or Plough to the end that all may be in good order when they are to goe to labour He shall also make prouision of Spades Shouels Pickaxes Peeles Hatchets Wedges Sawes and other furniture fit for a Countrie house store CHAP. XI The condition and state of a Huswife I Doe not find the state or place of a Huswife or Dairie-woman to be of lesse care and diligence than the office of her Husband vnderstood alwayes that the woman is acquited of Field matters in as much as shee is tyed to matters within the House and base Court the Horses excepted as the husband is tyed to doe what concerneth him euen all the businesses of the Field Likewise according to our custome of France Countrie women looke vnto the things necessarie and requisite about Kine Calues Hogges Pigges Pigeons Geese Duckes Peacockes Hennes Fesants and other sorts of Beasts as well for the feeding of them as for the milking of them making of Butter and Cheese and the keeping of Lard to dresse the labouring men their victuals withall Yea furthermore they haue the charge of the Ouen and Cellar and we leaue the handling of Hempe vnto them likewise as also the care of making Webs of looking to the clipping of Sheepe of keeping their Fleeces of spinning and combing of Wooll to make Cloth to cloath the familie of ordering of the Kitchin Garden and keeping of the Fruits Hearbes Rootes and Seeds and moreouer of watching and attending the Bees It is true that the buying and selling of Cattell belongeth vnto the man as also the disposing and laying out of money together with the hyring and paying of seruants wages But the surplusage to be employed and layed out in pettie matters as in Linnens Clothes for the household and all necessaries of household furniture that of a certainetie belongeth vnto the woman I meane also that she must be such a one as is obedient vnto God and to her husband giuen to store vp to lay vp and keepe things sure vnder locke and key painefull peaceable not louing to stirre from home mild vnto such as are vnder her when there is need and sharpe and seuere when occasion requireth not contentious full of words toyish tatling nor drowsie-headed Let her dispose of her stuffe and implements vnder her hand in such sort as that euerie thing may haue his certaine place and that in good order to the end that when they be to be vsed they may be found and easily come by and deliuered Let her alwayes haue her eye vpon her maids and let her be alwayes first at worke and last from it the first vp and the last in bed Let her not suffer to be lost or purloyâ—ed no not the least trifle that is Let her not grumble at any time for any seruice done to the Lord of the Farme for the value of the least crum of Bread denyed or vnwillingly graunted or giuen vnto him or his may loose the quantitie of a whole Loafe afterward Let her not trouble her braine with the reports speeches of others but let her acquaint her husband with them in good sort and manneâ— Let her gratifie her neighbors willingly neuer attempting to inueagle or draw away any of their men seruants or maids from them neither let her keepe companie with them except when shee may doe them good or helpe them or when she maketh some marriage or assemblies of great companie Let her not suffer her daughters to gad and wander abroad vpon the Sabbath except they be in such companie as is
make water in Copper Brasse or Latten vessels they swill the vrine round about the Basin and afterward vpon the suddain doe cast it out of the Basin they couer the Basin with a cleane Linnen Cloth and let it stand so couered foure and twentie houres they find rust in the bottome and round about it they gather and dissolue the said rust with Rose water which Rose water they keepe within a Violl well stopped and drop thereof into their eyes euening and morning holding them wide open Many likewise there be which content themselues with Tuthia prepared To take away the filthinesse or gumminesse of the eyes touch them and rub them round about with a Saphire dipt in cold water To preuent that the eye doe not continue blacke or red after a blow there must by and by be dropt into the eye the bloud of the wing of a Pigeon or Turtle doue To take away red spots or blemishes of the eye it is good to vse the like remedie or else to apply to the eye a Cataplasme made of young Wormewood stamped with the milke of a woman and Rose water For an old rednesse in the eye take the bignesse of a small Nut of white Copperas and a scruple of Florence Ireos as much of Roch Allome make a powder which you shall mix with halfe a pint of Fountaine water after the measure of Paris or else boyle them all together vntill the water become cleare and drop into your eye three or foure drops either of the one water or of the other or make a Liniment to apply vpon it with the drosse of oyle of Linseed gumme Arabicke Tragacanth Mastick and Camphire For the inflammation of the Eye it is a singular remedie to apply to the eye the lungs of a Sheepe newly killed or to make a Cataplasme of the pulpe of a sweet apple roasted vnder the embers mingled with Barley meale the milke of a woman Rose water and the white of an egge The water of Marigolâ—s is also soueraigne good in this case A Wolues eye or the stones that are found in the mawes of Swallowes haue the like vertue hanged about the necke Or take with the point of a needle a piece of Frankincense set it on fire with a waxe Candle after quench it in foure ounces of Rose water goe ouer this course thirtie times and straine the Rose water through a white Linnen Cloth and keepe it to drop in some drops of the same into the corners of your eyes at night when you goe to bed and in case you may feele great paine in your eyes mixe together with this water a little of womans milke To restraine teares and all other humors falling vpon the eyes it is good to take a decoction of the leaues of Betonie the roots of Fennell and a little fine Frankincense and to make an eye-â—alue thereof also to wash the weeping eyes oftentimes with the decoction of Cheâ—uile or to drop thereinto sometimes the iuice of Rue mixt with purified Honey Some hold it for a secret remedie to tye behind the head some drops of Amber which also haue the vertue to slay the â—heume falling downe into the throat or else to drop into the eye water distilled of the gall of a man and Celandine or else to annoint the edges of the eye-lids with the soot of Butter burned in a Lampe which is a secret for to drie vp and stay all rheumes of the eyes and to shut vp most speedily all vlcers made in the great corners of the eyes and all rheumes comming of the tendernesse or blearednesse of the eye For the white spots of the Eyes take one or many new egges layd the same day by one or moe blacke Hennes or for want of blacke Hennes by other rost them hard vpon hot embers cut them afterward into equall quarters and take away the yelke and put in place thereof as much Sugar candie made in powder of the whitest you can get strayne all together through a Linnen Cloth verie cleane and doubled that so you may doe it verie strongly the water or liquor that commeth forth is verie good to drop one drop after another into the diseased eye at night when they goe to bed or at any houre of the day There is another water verie good for the same disease which is made of white Copperas Sugar candie Rose water and the hard whites of egges they being all strayned through a Linnen Cloth and of this there must be some put into the eye after dinner and at night going to bed Some doe vse with verie good successe another Water which is this Take of Tuthia prepared and powdered an ounce Mace halfe an ounce infuse them together in Rose water and white Wine of each halfe a pint of Paris measure for the space of sixe weekes in a Glasse well stopped this Glasse you shall set in the Sunne when it shineth and take it in when it shineth not or is Night or Raine stirre the Glasse twice or thrice euerie day These remedies are likewise good for red running and weake eyes For ach in the Eare comming of a hot cause drop thereinto the oyle of Henbane take oyle of Roses and a little Vineger and make thereof an iniection into the eare apply thereto afterward a bag of Camomill Melilote Linseed and Holihocks boyled in milke If the cause be of cold then put therein musked Cotton or a graine of Muske Seribonius doth commend greatly the foot of Pitch dropped warme into the eare which aketh by reason of an inflammation together with a little of the oyle of Roses Against the noyse and sounding of the Eare it is good to drop into the eares of the oyle of Rue or Spike oyle of bitter Almonds or Bayes together with a little Aqua vitae or fat of an Eâ—le or Aqua vitae wherein hath beene steept the seed of Cummin or Aâ—â—ise or else take the scrapings of the wood of Cedar tree made verie small and thereof fill a bag of crimson Taffata verie thin of the greatnesse of an Almond dip it in verie good Aqua vitae in such sort as that the said bagge be throughly drencht with the same put the same bagge well and forward and close into the hole of the eare which bloweth and soundeth and afterward lye downe vpon the same eare Against Deafenesse you must drop into your eares the iuice of an Onion or of Brionie mixed with Honey or Oyle wherein haue beene boyled the roots of Daffodill or of the iuice of the riâ—des of Radishes mixt with oyle of Roses or the fat of an Eele and the oyle of bitter Almonds For the losse of Smelling or when it is corrupted make a perfume with the seed of Nigella the leaues of Aron Rue and other hearbes which haue a strong fauour also smell oft vpon Mints For tumors vnder the eare you must make a Cataplasme of the flower of Barley
boyled in honied water and putting thereto the Muscilage of Fleawort seed and the oyle of Lillies A Cataplasme made of the dung of Goats fresh Butter and the residence of the oyle of Nuts doth digest the swellings vnder the eare Against the stinking of the Nosthrils it is good to snuffe vp into the nosthrils of the decoction of Marierome Calameth Cloues Ginger and Nutmegs made inwhite Wine or else of the vineger of Squils To stay bleeding at the Nose you must by and by lay your thumbe vpon that side of the nose that bleedeth and you must put about your necke a neck-lace of Iaspar stone you must tie the vttermost parts of the bodie so strait as you can and put in the nose a tent of dead Nettles and hold in your hands the leaues and rootes of Agrimonie or else hold in your mouth verie cold Cesterne water and change it oftentimes Some doe much approue the vse of Camphire the flowers of Willow the mosse of Quinces and other hoarâ—e fruits put into the nose and to apply vnto the Browes Camphâ—re with the seed of Nettles or with the iuice of Plantain or of Nightshade or else to apply vnto the Temples and about the necke especially oueragainst the iugular veines hearbes of a cooling facultie as Nightshade Plantaâ—ne Lettuce dead Nettles or pricking Nettles pouned with salt and vineger Peruincle others Peruincle also put vnder the Tongue hath the same vertue Some doe make in like manner Neck-laces and Bracelets of the hearbe S. Innocent Some hold in the hand that is on that side that the nose doth bleed of a branch of Holihocke Diuers Countrie folkes to stay any kind of bleeding in any part doe wrap of Hogs dung in Cotton and apply it to the place from whence the bloud commeth Others snuffe vp into the nose the powder of a three-cornered stone found in the head of a Carpe dried and made into powder Against the ach of the Teeth you must boyle in Vineger and rose-Rosewater the root of Henbane or of the Mulberrie tree and to hold this decoction in the mouth otherwise take a Cloue of Garlicke and rost it a little vnder hot embers afterward bray it and lay it vpon the pained tooth as hot as you can in like manner put one in the eare of the same side that the paine is Some doe bray a Cloue of Garlicke with Salt and lay it to the pulse of that arme that is vpon the aking side Otherwise take two drammes of the rootes of Pellitorie bruised of the leaues of Sage Rosemarie of euerie one halfe a handfull Three fat Figges and you shall boyle them all in tenne ounces of Wine vnto the consumption of all the Wine afterward you shall take a quantitie of the said Figges and apply it to the aking tooth as hot as possible may be or else wash and gargle your teeth with the decoction of ground Yuâ—e made in Wine and to the consumption of the third part of the said Wine After the same manner you must apply vpon the pulses of the Temples a playster made of Pitch the powder of Allome and a Gall verie hot It is good also for the ach of the teeth to put thereupon the iuice of Garlicke Motherwort Rue or some hot oyle as that of Sage which is singular in this behalfe Some hold it for a secret to weare about the necke the tooth of a man knit within a piece of Taffata or a Beane found in which there is inclosed a Lowse taketh away the most strong paine of the teeth that may be endured It is good to foment the loose teeth with the decoction of Rosewater and Allome or else of the rootes of Cinquefoile and Allome and in case you would cause them to fall out put in their hole or hollow place of the ashes of Earth-wormes or of the dung of Mice or of the tooth of a Hart for such ashes will cause them to fall out by and by without any Iron or Instrument Or else apply thereunto the stone of a Mulberrie or else steepe the root of Mulberrie tree stampt and bruised the space of fiue daies in good strong vineger in the Sunne and there let it drie so as that you may make it into powder and then apply the same powder Vnto your tooth or else you shall apply thereto the braines of a Partridge or the iuice of water-Cresses in the place or else put into the hollow of the tooth the iuice of great Celandine To keepe the Teeth cleane and bright and to preserue them from the falling downe of all manner of Rheumes take a pint of Fountaine water a third part of Rosewater put therein two drammes of Allome as much of Cinnamon boyle them softly together in a Viall or earthen Pot well Leaded vnto the consumption of the third or fourth part wash your mouth and teeth therewith euening and morning or else wash your mouth and teeth in the warme decoction of small Sage Rosemarie and great Marierome boyled in white Wine to the consumption of the third part To stay the Canker of the Teeth hold in the morning a great graine of Salt vnder your tongue vntill it be there melted then rub your teeth therewith To take away the stinking of the Mouth it is good to wash the mouth with Wine wherein hath boyled Anniseed and Cloues or to chaw the root of Acornes or else to chew Masticke long ynough For the stinking of the Teeth it is good to rub them with the leaues of Sage and the rinde of a Ciâ—â—on or with the powder of Cloues and Nutmegs in the meane time there must be auoided the vse of Milke-meats raw Fruits sharpe things and such as are hard to chew all victuals of ill digestion and all vomiting To white and take the wrinkles out of the Hands take the drosse of oyle of Linseed steepe it in raine water and wash your hands therewith or else wash your hands with the iuice of Citrons alone or some graines of Salt mixed therewithall For the Cough take Hysope and Folefoot of each one handfull Figges of Marcellis damaske Raisins and Licorice of each an ounce boyle them all in water vntill the third part be consumed vse this decoction twice a day two houres before dinner in the morning and at euening one houre before supper It is good likewise to take red Coleworts and to make them boyle two or three boyles with an handfull of Folefoot and a slip or two of Hysope and to vse this broth twice a day For the Squinancie or sorenesse of the Throat you must take a whole Swallowes Neast boyled with white Wine and with the oyle of Camomill and sweet Almonds therewith to make a Cataplasme and to apply it vnto the throat or to drinke by and by the weight of a French crowne of the tooth of a wild Boare powdred with the water of Carduus Benedictus or to touch the diseased
the end of the decoction white Wine honey of Roses and syrrup of drie Roses In the meane time the wound must be cleansed with white Wine warme and there must be layed vpon it a leafe of red Coleworts warmed at the fire and reasonably greene and there must care be had to keepe the wound from salt and thicke meat from strong wine great paine and vse of women To cause knobs to wast and goe away in any part of the bodie whatsoeuer take the oldest and most mouldre Cheese that you can find knead it with broth wherein there hath boyled a piece of fat Bacon â—r Lard a long time make thereof a playster to lay vpon the place or else stampe in vineger Conchula Indica with Myrrhe apply it to the place and you shall find a maruellous effect Otherwise take nine pints of vrine wherein boyle for a good while two handfuls of Baulme and Dent de lion in a pot of Earth verie close couered and that so long as vntill all come to a pint after strayne out the hearbes in the liquor strayâ—ed out put halfe a pound of Hogges greaâ—e verie new and neuer salted foure ounces of Aqua vitae boyle them all together the space of halfe an houre after put thereto the oyle of Pike and Rosemarie of each an ounce Quicksiluer the weight of two French crownes mixe them all together and stirre them well with a Spatull and by this meanes you shall make an oyntment with which you shall vse to chafe the members troubled with knots before the fire For haire that is fallen by the disease called Tinea or otherwise Rub the bare and bald place with a piece of dyed Cloth vntill it bleed afterward annoint it with an oyntment made of Honey oyle of Linseed and the powder of small Flies burnt vpon a tyle red hot or with Mise dung brayed with honey or with shells of Nuts burnt powned and mixed with wine and oyle For vlcers that are hard to be cured gather with linnen clothes spread vpon the grasse before Sunne rise in the moneth of May the dew of the same moneth afterward wring out the said linnen for to haue the dew which you shall boyle and scum and in boyling dip therein diuers bolsters or plegers of fine linnen which you shall apply vnto these maligne vlcers afterward when you shall perceiue that these vlcers doe not continue any longer so foule and filthie and that they begin somewhat to shew to haue faire flesh boyle in this dew water a little Allome and Olibanum and by this meanes you shall heale them throughly Or else make a powder of the raw or burnt shells of Oysters or of the dung of a dogge which hath gnawed and fed vpon nothing but bones for the space of three dayes after you haue dried the same dung and made it readie to apply vnto the vlcers there is not any thing to be found that will more drie vp the same Or else make a powder of a rotten post For Kibes on the heeles make powder of old shooe soles burned and of them with oyle of Roses annoint the Kibes or else lay vnto the Kibes the râ—nd of a Pomegranat boyled in wine For the blewrieslse comming of stroakes or otherwise steepe in boyling water a cloth hauing salt tyed within vpon a knot and with this foment the bruâ—â—â—â— place To take away Warts or brawnie tumours in the ioynts rub them with the 〈◊〉 of Tâ—thymal or apply thereunto the powder of Sauine or of Hermodactilis mixed with Oxymel Squilliticum or with the iuice of Marigolds The dung of Sheepe wrought with vineger and made soft and applyed doth heale all hanging Warts For the Nolime tangere it is killed if that Nicotiana be applyed thereunto as we will further declare in our second Booke and 76 chapter To kill Crab-lice make a decoction or Lee of the leaues of Wormewood Aron and Nâ—t-tree in very strong vineger For all Burning or swinging with firâ—â— take the decoction of Radish with the lee of vnquencht Lime or an Onion rosted vnder the embers or oyle of Nuts with water or the yolke of an egge dissolued in oyle or Hennes dung tempered with oyle of Roses or mosse of the black Thorne the finest that you can find dried in the Ouen or in the Sunne made into fine powder and with the milke of a woman which giueth sucke vnto a boy to make a Liniment to annoynt the places burned or else take salt water or brine dip therein a linnen cloth and apply it vnto the burning or common Sope with honey and butter or the iuice of an Onion or the oyle of an Egge or else dissolue Allome Copperas the â—at of Glasse and a little Camphire in Fountaine water and good vineger powre this water oftentimes from pot to pot dip a linnen cloth in the same water warmed vpon ashes and apply it to the place or else take two whites of egges beat them together with oyle of Nuts and Rose water adding thereto the remainder of such water as Quicke lime hath beene quenched in stâ—rre them all yet once againe well together and afterward let them stand and settle For Ringwormes Scabs and all manner of sorts of Itchings which happen in the hands legs and other parts of the bodie take the water of a Smiths Forge and put a handfull of salt to melt therein with this water made warme wash the place where the Ringworme spreadeth when the scab is drie annoynt it with the creame of Cowes milke Or else take of Venice Turpentine two parts wash it fiue or six times in fresh water or in Rose water after that it is thus well washed adde vnto it onâ— part of new butter salted the yolke of an egge and the iuice of a sowre Orenge make hereof a Liniment and annoint the scabbie places therewith before the fire Or else for little children take the iuice of Nettles and Populeon and make thereof a Liniment Or else take Soot finely powdred mix it with strong vineger therewith you shall annoint the place hauing first rubbed it well euen to the raising of rednesse in the skin For the Canker take honey of Roses Roch Allome salt and white wine boyle all together till the haâ—â—e be consumed and then straine it through a linnen cloth afterward keepe the water for to wash the Canker Some doe greatly allow and like of the distilled water of Cowes dung newly made to wash the places troubled with the Canker For the falling of the haire called the Moth wash the head of the patient with Oxe pisse till the bloud come and afterward cast vpon it the powder of the white of Hennes dung dried in the Oâ—en or of fine Soot mixt with strong vineger To make any mans haire black Take such quantitie as you shall thinke good of Galls powder them and put them ouer the fire in an yron chasingdish and let them continue there
good Oyle and afterward take the poulder of Tartar and of vvild Gourds mingle them vvith red Wine and the vvhites of Egges and make him to drinke them vvith a horne And if this doe not stay his pissing of bloud within foure and twentie houres he will die If he stale not but with paine let him bloud of the bladâ—â—er veine and cause him to take a drinke made of Honie Oyle and white wine all boiled together for three Mornings one after another afterward let him rest for eight daies It he haue a stone in his yard first cast the Oxe downe vpon the ground after let him take hold vpon his 〈◊〉 with pincers somewhat higher than the stone lieth theâ— let him make incision in the side of the Oâ—e his pisâ—e to draw out the stone and then lastly consolidate and heale vp the wound with Turpentine washed foure times in the water of Horse-taile If he haue the stone in his bladder take two ounces of Sea Fennell stamped two drams of Cloues and a dram and a halfe of Pepper poune them altogether and make him drinke them in red Wine warme If after you haue continued the 〈◊〉 some certaine daies the stone come not forth then in the end you must cut the bladder and so draw it out If his pisâ—e be hardened annoint it with the oyntment made of the stamped 〈◊〉 of Hollihocks and fresh Butter twice a day For his shoulder out of joynt you must first set it in againe and afterward bind and roll it vp againe with splenters verie close and fast For the strangles or glandules vvhich happen vnder the Oxe his throat and spring from the braine ouer-cooled plucke away their glandules and after couer his head vvith some couering and chafe and annoint vvith Butter his throat oftentimes If his pallate be swolne open the swelling quickly vvith an incision knife or hot yron that so the corrupted bloud may run forth after giue him for his meat somâ— Grasse or soft Hay If he haue the Ranula vnder the tongue much swolne then open it vvith a hot yron or a verie sharpe incision knife afterward rubbe it vvith Salt and Oyle so loâ—â— as till all the corrupt matter be run out then in the end giue him some tender hearâ—â—â— or grasse to eat When the tongue is clouen or chopt vnder neath annoint those clefts vvith aâ— oyntment made of Aloes Roche-Allome and Honie of Roses all being mixt together then vvash them in Wine vvherein Sage hath boyled or some such other dâ—ying herbe If he haue lost his appetite cause him to swallow raw Egges well beat together with Honie and mingle Salt among his meat or giue him in drinke some horehouâ—d fiuely pouldred with Wine and Oyle or stampe the leaues of Rue Leekes Sâ—â—llage and Sage and giue him them to drinke with Wine For the eye that is troubled and darke blow within it of the poulder of Cuâ—â—lebone Sugar candie and Cinnamon verie finely pouldred For the swolne Eye applie thereto a Cataplasme made of the the flower of Wheat mixt vvith Honie or the vvater of Honie after the manner of pappe for children For a vvhite vpon the eye applie thereto a cataplasme made of Sal gemma and Masticke finely pouldred and mixt vvith Honie continue and vse this oftentimes For the Leeke of the Eye or tumour called Porrum growing vpon the Eye-lid foment the place vvith the Gall of any beast vvhatsoeuer it be or vvhich is better snip away the tumour with a paire of Cysers or make it fall away with â— threed tied verie strait afterward annoint the place vvith Salt Vinegar and Aloâ—â— boyled together For the Weeping Eye you may blow into it Tutia and Vitrioll made into fine poulder For the Cataract which is nothing else but an aboundance of vvaterishnessâ— ingendred eyther by ouermuch cold or by too long stay and respite within the Eye of the Oxe in that place where the watrie humour is placed vpon which the glassie humour swimmeth as the Chrystalline againe vpon it For the cure thereof take ground Iuie and stampe it long in a Morter of vvood of the juice 〈◊〉 out of it make a medicine for the eye insteed of this herbe if you cannot recouer it take the berries of Iuie or the leaues and draw the juice of them in manner aforesaid Continue and vse the one medicine or the other for many daies both â—â—â—ning and euening the Cataract will consume and wast away It is certaine that who so insteed of Water shall vse Wine shall seeme to deale more fitly and better to 〈◊〉 purpose Epiphora a disease of the eye called a drie inflammation of choler is when the beast â—eeth not but by halfes whether it be of the one eye or of both bloud taken away from vnder the eye doth correct and amend the sight And further you must continually drop honey into it vntill it be perfectly cured For bleered eyes which come with continuall falling downe of excrements out of the braine take Myrrhe fine Frankincense Saffron of ech two ounces mix them all togither dissolue them in cestern water make therof a Collirie to drop into the eies For the agues of Oxen you shall know it by their being exceeding restlesse and trembling all ouer their bodie by their great heat in the midst of their forehead and towards the roots of their hornes and in their eares their mouth is verie hot and sweat aboundantly and withall eat almost nothing at all the hanging oâ—t and drawing in of his tongue verie drie heauie in his head his eyes distilling and halfe shâ—â— his muzzle filled and all to be driâ—eled with flegmatike water and his taking of his breath long and yet notwithstanding hee doth not without great paine and much distance of time complaine himselfe or turne often The first day that you shall perceiue him thus sicke let him fast all the day long the next day let him bloud in the morning whiles he is fasting and that vnder the taile in small quantitie Fiue daies after you shall feed him with the decoction of Clot-burre with honey and brine at the least you shall offer him this before all other meat either greene or moist as shall be the crops of Lentils and other young sprours and buds which you shall thinke meet and conuenient for the beast wash his mouth thrice a day with a sponge dipt in vineger and after that you shall make him drinke verie cold water 〈◊〉 like manner three times and so you shall let him goe into some pasture ground vntill his Ague haue cleane left him The Cough of an Oxe must likewise be as carefully looked vnto as that of the Horse for it must not be suffered to grow old and endure long vpon him seeing 〈◊〉 is not curable but at the beginning you shall make him take fasting halfe a quarter of a peck of
or Harts-thorne and of common Salt all being boyled in vvater and taken in the same vvater vvarme and giue him nothing to drinke or eat vntill it haue done purging And to the end that you may keepe him from being sicke all the yeare at the beginning of the Spring Summer Autumne and Winter cause him to take downe a drinke made of the leaues of Capers Mercurie and Cypres pouned and mixed in water and let rest in the vessel one whole night and so continuing this for three mornings If he haue beene bitten of any Adder Scorpion or Shrew or Mad-dogge it 〈◊〉 ordinarie to annoint the wound with Oyle of Scorpions or with Sope tempered and softened in Vinegar also some vse to vvash them with the decoction of Bâ—â—â—â—burre And against the stinging of Hornets it is accustomed to rubbe the place with Ceruse tempered in Water and some doe sprinkle the place of the Oxe his feeâ—ding with the dâ—coction of Bay-berries thereby to cause the Oxe flies to auoid and keepe away or else they rub the Oxen themselues with the said decoction and if he be alreadie stung some doe moisten the place with the Oxe his owne driuell The small beast abiding in the grasse called of the Latines Buprestis and resembling in soâ—â—e sort the beast which the French men call Fouillemerde if it be eaten of Oxen Kine or Horse as they feed in the meadowes it so swelleth them as that they burst and die as we haue obserued in many in the yere past 1572. Now if the Neaâ—heard doe perceiue that any of his Oxen or Kine haue eaten any of these beasts he must make them presently to drinke some Cows milke or the decoction of drie figs or Dates in Wine and withall giue them verie strong Clysters For the scabbe some rubbe them with bruised Garlicke Sauorie Brimstone and Vinegar of Galls stamped in the juice of Carmint or Hore-hound and Iuie And as for vlcers they are rubbed with Mallows stamped in white Wine and as for 〈◊〉 and apostumes they must be killed with strong leauens onions lillies or squils and vinegar and afterward to digge them out and wash them with the beasts owne 〈◊〉 hot and also put into the hollow places tents of Tarre and finally lint dipt in Goata or Oxe sewet For the paine of the Eyes if they beswolne and puffed vp there must be made an Eye-salue of the floure of Wheat kneaded with Honie and Water If there be in them euer a spot or naile you must take Sal-armoniacke and make an oyntment thereof with Honie When the Oxe hath his eye continually trickling downe teares and berayeth all his cheekes with the humour dropping downe from it take of the pappe that is made with Wheat floure and make a cataplasme to be applyed vnto the eye The vvill Poppie stalke and root stampt with Honie serueth to make a medicine for this purpose In the paines of the flankes which oftentimes torment Oxen you must make a cataplasme of three handfulls of Colewort seed with a quarter of a pecke of Starch well stamped together and tempered with cold water and after applie it vnto the parts pained The best remedie that can be found for them is to take of the leaues of Cypres without the boughs three handfulls and to doe as before adding to them strong vinegar to worke and dissolue them in In the paines of the reines you must let him bloud in the veines vnder the tayle behind or else the veine called the Mother-veine which is found along the flankes drawing neere vnto the reines for his drinke giue him of the juice of Leekes with warme water or else with his owne vrine For the scabbe you must rubbe it with his owne stale and with old salt Butter or annoint it with Perrosin melted in white Wine Vnto Lice you must vse the decoction of the wild Oliue tree with Salt and you must take away the bladders which he hath vnder his tongue For the paine of the Lungs some make him drinke the juice of Leeks with sweet white Wine and some put into his eare the root of Hazle tree For the difficultie of breathing some doe pierce his eare or the great skinne of his throat with the root of Beare-foot or Lyons-paw or Hellebor If he haue his should pitcht and shrunke you must let him bloud vpon the foot behind and on the contrarie side and if both his shoulders should be shrunke then you must let him bloud on both his hinder legges If he haue his necke broken and the chine bagging and swolne you must let him bloud vpon one of his Eares and if it be in the middest of the necke then of both and lay vnto the disease an emplaister made with an Oxe marrow and sewet of a male Goat molten in equall portions in Oyle and Tarre or melted Pitch as also to rub the swelled part with a collop of Bacon without anie fat and which is of a Hogge and a little heated and this to be continued morning and euening the space of fiue or six daies If his feet swell you must apply vnto him a Cataplasme made of the leaues of the Elder tree stampt with seame made of Hogges grease If his hide cleaue to his bones you must bath him with wine either alone or mingled with honey If he halt by taking cold on his feet you must wash them with his owne stale old and warme If it come through aboundance of bloud falling vpon his pasterne and foot it must be dissolued by rubbing it hard and scarrifying it If yet it will not away and be notwithstanding but newly fallen downe you must cleaue the horne of the hoofe at the tip thereof euen to the quicke and so cause it come forth and wrap his pasterne in a Leather pouch in such sort as that the water may not hurt him till he be whole If he halt by reason of some sinew hauing taken a blow by some other beasts heele then you must bath his legges with oyle and salt If it come with anie swelling in the knee you must bath it with vineger made hot or with the decoction of Millet and Linseed In all such haps you must burne with a hot yron the part diseased and then put vpon it fresh butter washt in water and vineger and after in the end to make an oyntment with salt butter and the grease of a male Goat If it grow vpon anie splint or dash against anie stone or stocke you must bath the place with hot stale and lay vpon it old Hogges grease melted in Oyle and Tarre And there is nothing that will more keepe them from halting than to wash their feet with cold water so soone as they be vnyoaked and after to chaâ—e them with old Hogges grease If the horne cleaue or shiuer you must first foment it with vineger salt and oyle mingled together after put vpon it old Swines
a liniment of the gall of an Oxe or of 〈◊〉 and tartar beaten together with strong vinegar And as concerning a drinke you must take of Oyle two pound of old wine a pottle amongst all this you shall mix nine fat figges with nine leekes heads temper them all well together and afterward make a decoction in the end whereof but before it be strained you shall adde of Salt and Nitre well pouned so much as you shall see necessarie of all well strained you shall make a drinke which you shall cause him to take with a horne twice a day that is morning and euening a quarter of a pint at a time For his meat cause him to eat greene Barley or Fetchets or the meale of Barley amongst which you shall mingle Nitre The Strangles of a Horse or Glandules vvhich happen vnder his throat and fall downe from the braine much cooled are oftentimes cured by pricking him vnder the throat in the morning afterward couer his head vvith some kind of Linnen cloth and rubbe his throat oftentimes with fresh Butter but especially the place of his disease The Barbes hindering the Horse from eating by reason of 〈…〉 swolne are healed by making him eat Pease Beanes or the stalkes of Pease or 〈◊〉 because that the bruising and breaking of them causeth this swelling to go 〈…〉 if the Barbes doe grow there againe you must cut them out with a verie 〈…〉 being likewise verie hot for thus are they taken out of the hollow of the 〈…〉 mouth and for the rest taken away by burning you must cut them away 〈…〉 of sheares euen to the quicke For the excrescence of flesh growing vnder the Horses bodie you must 〈…〉 place and make incision with some knife fit for the purpose and then afterwards â—â—noint it morning and euening with the ointment called Dialthoea Flies are kept away from Horses â—ores with pitch and oyle or grease mingled 〈◊〉 powred vpon them and then by strawing Fetch flowers vpon them againe The disease of the gums and teeth happeneth oftentimes vnto colts when they 〈◊〉 growing their teeth temper of fullers earth the best you can come by 〈…〉 Remes in verie strong vinegar and therewith rubbe their jawes on the outside 〈◊〉 more a great deale in the place where the paine or swelled gums be The short winded Horse or he which cannot easily draw his breath and 〈◊〉 hath his flankes beating incessantly and which notwithstanding that he be 〈◊〉 haled and whipped will not stirre but pant verie much and blow exceedingly 〈◊〉 and which eating of his meat cannot abstaine coughing this same Horse wil 〈◊〉 euer be cured It is true that this disease being new and caused of dust 〈◊〉 windes foâ—stie hay or of hauing eaten some kind of dung in his prouender 〈◊〉 â—â—medie for it may be to draw bloud vpon him with a greene withie and to 〈◊〉 hot vpon his breast and backe the said bloud mingled with wine and Oyle 〈◊〉 and hauing done this for the space of fiue daies then the next fiue daies following 〈◊〉 make him take downe Lee at his nosthrils wherein there is mixt a portion of Oyle to giue him this drinke after Mustard-seed well fried quicke Brimstone graines 〈◊〉 Paradise of each alike much make them in powder and make thereof a decoctiâ—â— in honie and water or else in some composition that is good and thicke whereof you shall giue him euerie morning the bignesse of a bigge Wall-nut with sage and with thicke red wine but such as is good and noble or else make him a drinke 〈◊〉 cloues ginger cummine fennell-seed and the roots Galanga as much of the one 〈…〉 the other all these being powdred mingle therewith some egges and a little 〈◊〉 make the Horse to take it downe vvith Wine holding his head high to the end 〈◊〉 may swallow the more easily and not suffering him to hold it downe at the 〈…〉 a good halfe houre to the end that the drinke may passe through his bowells 〈◊〉 this drinke you shall giue him fresh grasse or the leaues of Roses or vvillow 〈…〉 temper the heat of the said drinke but the horse must not haue eaten any thing 〈◊〉 the space of one halfe day before the taking of this neither yet must he eat any thing for the like space after the taking of it Let him vvalke and lead him gently by the head-stall or else getting vpon him let him pace him verie softly that so he may not cast it vp againe and thus much for the cure of the 〈◊〉 â—vinded horse if the disease be not growne too old Which notwithstanding that it should be yet 〈◊〉 may relieue it for some time if you feare him a little vpon both the sides of the 〈◊〉 to the end that this heat may cause to cease this great panting vvhich doth paine 〈◊〉 in his flankes and if vvithall you slit his nosthrils that so he may attract and 〈◊〉 in the aire and his breath and as easily let it goe besides these vvaies I vvould 〈◊〉 you also to giue him to eat some grapes oftentimes and to drinke some sweet 〈◊〉 Another singular remedie there is which consisteth in giuing him a drinke 〈◊〉 vvith Agaricke and Fenugreeke tempered vvith red Wine or else to cause him 〈◊〉 swallow the bloud of a little dogge vvhich yet is not aboue ten daies old or to take the roots of Gentian of vvild cucumers and bitter Almonds and to poune theâ—â—vvith Honie and Water and to make a drinke thereof or else to giue oftentimes 〈◊〉 eat of siluer grasse The Cough hath many causes notwithstanding that vvhich commeth from the 〈◊〉 as from the lungs and parts adjoyning or else from some other of the inward 〈◊〉 which are noble and principall and haue accordingly some notable office in 〈◊〉 bodie hath not a more soueraigne remedie than the slitting of the beasts noâ—â—hrils and if after this the beast doe not amend then to cause him to take downe a â—ood pinte of the drinke following with a horne Take Fenugreeke and Linseed of â—â—ch a quarter of a pecke Gum-tragacanth Olibanum Myrrhe of each an ounce â—ugar the oatmeale of great vvild Tare of each an ounce all these being vvell pouâ—ed and let run through a bagge you shall cause it to be infused all a whole night in hot vvater and the day following you shall giue it to the beast as hath beene sayd â—nd this shall be continued adding thereto a bowle of oyle of Roses euen to the end of the cure Some cause fiue egges to be layed to steepe one whole night in strong Vinegar and the next morning when they see that the shell is become verie tenâ—er and soft they giue them to the horse to take downe Furthermore you must neâ—er draw bloud from the horse in what palce soeuer that it be but it shall be good to â—iue it vnto him and to continue the Gum-tragacanth with sweet Oyle The ague of a horse
is cured by being let bloud vpon the veine vvhich is found in 〈◊〉 middest of the thigh to the quantitie of sixe ounces or about the place vvhich is somewhat about the fundament but if in neither of those two places or vvhere they â—annot be found you must take the necke veine toward the vvind-pipe if you perâ—eiue that there is need of a drinke you shall straine a handfull of Purslane and â—â—ingle the juice vvith Gumâ—tragacanth fine Frankincense and a few Prouence Roâ—â—s you shall make him take it all vvith honied vvater in some prettie small quantiâ—ie It is knowne amongst other markes that he hath an ague if he haue the stopping of his vrine and his eares become cold withering and hanging downe In the faintnesse of the heart it is good to keepe the horse verie hot and to giue him this drinke Myrrhe two ounces Gum-tragacanth foure ounces Safron foure drams Mehlot in powder an ounce Mercurie a pound and fine Frankincense so much as shall be sufficient and proportionable all these mixt together and made inâ—o powder shall be reserued for your vse and that shall be in giuing two good spoonfulls thereof with one pinte of water two spoonefulls of Home and two bowles of Oyle of Roses This drinke vvill serue for many daies euen till the horse doe find himselfe better And further know that this drinke is good for those that haue their â—acke or loynes broken and members verie stiffe For the horse that is ouer-heated you shall cause him to swallow with the horne 〈◊〉 Winter three ounces of Oyle vvith one pinte of red vvine and in Sommer two ounces of Oyle onely vvith the like quantitie of Wine that is aboue named In the paine of the bellie vvhich some call the Birth you shall take the seeds of vvild Rue or of the garden Rue you shall poune it well and vvith hot vvine you shall make him a drinke vnto this drinke you may adde Cummine and Fennel-seed in like quantitie and after keepe him hot in some close and vvell couered place before you giue him this drinke you must get vpon his backe and vvalke him a long time and that rather in high places than in low and plaine fields when you are comming homeward if the season be cold you shall cloath him vvith a good vvoollen cloth rubbing his flankes vvith Oyle vntill such time as he be become cold and doe breake wind It vvould be good also to conuey into his fundament some hollow joynt of a Reed or Rose tree sufficient thicke and halfe a foot long annointed vvith common Oyle and let this same hollow Reed be in such sort fastened vnto his taile as that it may not by any meanes come forth and this done then to get vpon the horse and to vvalke him But howsoeuer things goe you must let him haue meat of hot qualitie and to drinke vvater boyled with Cummine and Fennell-seed in equall quantitie mingling vvith it Wheat meale and keeping it verie vvarme in a verie closâ— place For the difficultie 〈◊〉 vrâ—ne it is an approued thing to take fiue or nine of the flies called Cantharides to lap them in a linnen cloth and applie them to the thigh and howsoeuer it fareth with him yet to keepe them there for some time this will procure vrine but in anie case giue him them not in powder clister or drink◠〈…〉 good also to rub his cods with the decoction of Cresses Pellitorie and 〈…〉 Leekes For the sniuell take Orpin and Brimstone cast them vpon burning coales and 〈◊〉 the fume goe vp into the Horses nosthrils that so the humors congealed aboue in 〈◊〉 braine may be resolued and cast forth For the Flying worme take from him some bloud vpon the veines of the 〈…〉 applie a hot â—earing yron verie deepe vnder the throat and in the hole put 〈…〉 plegets vpon them moystened in the white of an egge and after let him stand 〈◊〉 dayes in the stable For the Iauar take Pepper as also the leaues of Coleworts old Swines 〈…〉 make an emplaister to be layd vpon the place For the Figge you must pare the hoofe so farre forward as that you may 〈◊〉 reasonable roome and space betwixt the sole of the foot and the figge then 〈◊〉 Spunge there and tye it verie hard that so the rest of the figge may be 〈…〉 euen to the cleft For the Wenne open it when you shall perceiue it to be full of matter 〈◊〉 make a plaister of Goole-turdes wine salt and vinegar and lay vnto the 〈◊〉 beware in any case that there be not in the bottome of it some strange and 〈◊〉 thing For the galling of the backe that is new done take two great Onions and 〈◊〉 decoction thereof in boyling water afterward you shall applie it to the sore place 〈◊〉 hot as the horse can abide it all the swelling will be gone away in one night Otherwise take salt in powder and wet it in strong vinegar putting thereto the yolke of 〈◊〉 egge with all this together you shall rub the place and you shall see the proofe 〈◊〉 else wash the place with wine or verie strong vinegar lay aloft vpon it Lime made 〈◊〉 powder and mixt with Honie continue this remedie so long as till the flesh be 〈◊〉 againe and the bone couered with it then to cause the haire to grow vpon it yoâ— must poune the shells of small nuts burned and being mingled with oile annoin◠〈◊〉 places wanting haire and it will be ouergrowne in a short time For a Horse â—wayed in the backe or complayning of hauing beene ouerladen â—â—â—plie vnto the reines of his backe an emplaister made of stone-pitch with the 〈◊〉 of Bole-Armoniake Dragons-bloud Olibanum Masticke Galles of each â—quall weight let the plaister be layed somewhat hot vpon the offended part which you shall not take away vntill it easily forsake the place when you touch it for 〈◊〉 the Horse is healed For the swellings caused on the Horse backe by the Saddle open it first with 〈◊〉 Knife afterward lay plegets vpon it wâ—t in the whites of egges three dayes together and the place if it be swolne and hard it will be healed with Coleworts 〈◊〉 Wormewood and Beares-breech bruised together and stamped and boâ—â—led together with sweet Seame applie it vnto the place offended and hurt For the disease called Graps which are moules and scabbes on the heeles 〈◊〉 way the scabbes and them wash the place with the decoction of Mallowes 〈◊〉 and Mutton Sewer put the drosse or thicke substance of this vpon the 〈◊〉 and bind it fast and close thereto afterward take it away and annoint the place 〈◊〉 an oyntment made of vinegar Mutton Sewet the gum of the Firre tree and new 〈◊〉 of all alike and boyle them altogether It is a singular good remedie for the Iaundise vvhich followeth take of â—â—nicke Corne and Smallage of eaâ—h a pound boyle them all vvith
〈◊〉 that you make your Floores of such widenesse as that you may stride and 〈◊〉 your armes from one side to another according to that their said breadth to thâ— end that such as are to weed them or to rake them may from out of the said 〈◊〉 Pathes be able to reach into the middest of the Bed and not to tread with their 〈◊〉 vpon that which is or shall be sowne Wherefore if your said little Pathes 〈◊〉 two foot wide it will be ynough for to make them anie broader is but 〈◊〉 and losse of ground CHAP. IIII. Of the disposing or appointing of the Floores of the Kitchin Garden YOu shall dispose of your Beds in such sort as that they may be in the middest of your Garden giuing and allowing vnto your Turneps the largest roome and next to them the Coleworts and vnto them youâ— shall ioyne the space for great Turneps of both sorts and that of 〈◊〉 much ground as would make two of the former After these flooreâ— you shall make a path of three foot breadth after which you shall prepare otheâ— floores by themselues for Spinach Beeres Arrach Rocket Parsley and 〈◊〉 Againe you shall make another path of other three feet and on the further side you shall quarter out a Bed for Leekes and Cyues and ioyne thereunto two other for Onions and Chiboles and for Garlicke Scallions and Carrets By the side of 〈◊〉 floores you shall make out a path of three feet and a halfe and after it you shall makâ— manie floores for slips to be let vpon as well for the maintaining of a Plat for 〈◊〉 flowers as also for your Borders and yet further for your Winter pot-hearbs And it will be good to this end to prepare a Bed for Sage and another for Hysope and for Thyme 〈◊〉 another for Mariâ—rome and another for Lauander and another for Rosemarie and another for Sothernwood and another for small Cypresse againe one for Sauorie for Hysope Costmarie Basill Spike Balme Pennyryall and one of Camomill for to make Seats and a Labyrinth It shall be good also for necessitie sake for it concerneth the good Huswife 〈◊〉 know manie remedies for diseases and you must not doubt but that I my selfe 〈◊〉 learned manie remedies from the experiments and obseruation of those sorts of women to shape out below or in the further end of the Kitchin Garden neere to the inclosed ground for Fruits certaine Bâ—ds for Physick hearbes as for Valerian 〈◊〉 Asparagus Mugwort Asarum Bacchar Houselâ—â—ke Patience Mercurie Pâ—â—litorie Nicoâ—ana and other such like whereof we will make some short 〈◊〉 hereafter CHAP. V. Of the situation of the Beds of the Kitchin Garden IN such place as the Sunne shineth vpon at noone you shall prouide your Beds somewhat raised and well mingled with Earth and Horse dung and you shall let them rest sometime before they be sowne In one of which floores you shall sow in the encrease of the Moone of March 〈◊〉 seed of Lettuce and Purcelane for they will be growne as soone being sowed 〈◊〉 March as in Aprill for to set them againe in their floores when they be sprung 〈◊〉 halfe a finger In this same Bed you may put the seed of Pimpernell Harts horne â—rick-madame and Sorrell of England and other sorts for Salades all thicke and â—nd ouer head one among another to separate and set at large by themselues when â—â—ey be growne Looke verie well to your seeds that they be not too old that they 〈◊〉 winnowed and cleane that they be moist and oylie but not mouldie and by the 〈◊〉 of this Bed the breadth of two hands you shall sow Artichokes You shall so make a Bed for fine hearbes which in Winter serue for the Pot being kept drie â—nd for slips for the Garden of flowers as are Garden Balme Basil Costmarie â—hyme Hyssope Sauorie Marieroâ—â—e and Sage Againe it will be good to make 〈◊〉 to sow the seeds and kernels of Citrons Oranges Limons Pomegranats 〈◊〉 trees Bay trees and Date trees in and seeing they are hard to grow in this Counâ—rey because it yeeldeth no aire either from the Sea or fit for them it must be well and â—duisedly considered that in planting or sowing of them you set the smaller end vpâ—ard and that they be not tumbled on the side and when the Citrons and such like â—eeds shall be growne vp and sprung you must transplant and remoue them into â—ome Caske or such like thing that may be remoued hither and thither to the end to â—â—eepe them from verie much heat and excessiue cold and to couer vse them dainâ—ly according to the times and as shall be said hereafter In another Bed which shall 〈◊〉 a verie long one and toward the Quick-set Hedge and the Arbors you shall sow Cucumbers Citruls long and round Gourds In a plot long and narrow like the forâ—â—er because they must be oft watred and water powred at their roots you may sow Melons of diuers sorts And for feare of flying Fowle and Birds cast Thornes verie thicke vpon your â—eds and if they be sowne in the encrease of the Moone in Februarie for to haue â—hem the sooner to grow yea though it be in March yet spread vpon the Thornes â—traw and that such as is bright and let it be thicke that so it may the better defend â—hem from the danger of the Frosts which if you perceiue to be great as it falleth â—ut some yeares spread ouer them in stead of straw old or whole Maâ—s and yet in â—uch manner as that they may not lye pressing of the earth thereby to oppresse and â—eepe downe that which would spring and grow vp Or for a more perfect suretie â—oth to preserue your seeds in growing and to maintaine such as are growne how â—ender soeuer their natures be from all manner of Frosts Stormes or Colds which â—ither the Winter of Spring can anie way produce you shall take halfe-rotten Horseâ—â—tter and with it lightly couer all your Hearbes Seeds or whatsoeuer else you feare â—he sharpenesse of the Winter may annoy for besides that it is a defence and coueâ—ing against the bitternesse of all weathers it hath also in it a certaine warme qualiâ—ie which nourisheth and strengtheneth the Plants and makes them more forward â—han otherwise they would be by diuers weekes besides it keepeth your hearbes from running into the ground and hiding their heads in the Winter season and â—s if they were comforted with a continuall spring keepes them fresh and greene and fit for your vse at all times And what you would haue to continue still vpon their first Beds as the Cucumber Melon and other Fruites make some small separation betwixt them and the other and water them oft with water warmed in the Sunne and drawne a long time before hauing stood in the 〈◊〉 or Caske placed neere vnto the Well Notwithstanding all hearbes and
best water to water the pot-hearbs withall is raine water if it fall in the night or in such a time as that it may not heat the hearbes for it washeth and cleanseth them from the dust and 〈◊〉 that eateth them especially if the Raine come driuing with a Northerne wind for want of this the Riuer or Brooke water is best next being a little warme in place of this Well water drawne in the morning and put in a barrell or in some other thing of receit that so it may take the heat of the Sunne beames may serue for cold and salt water is enemie to all sorts of hearbes although that Theophrastus say that salt water is more conuenient than anie other to water certaine plants Besideâ— you shall vnderstand that for the speedie growing of hearbes or for comforting them after they are once sprouted and risen aboue the earth there is nothing 〈◊〉 the world better or more comfortable than Sope â—uds after they haue beene 〈◊〉 in and are verie well cooled The dregges of Ale or lees of Wine are 〈◊〉 good to water Rosemarie with or anie other tender Hearbe Flower or Plaâ—â— whatsoeuer The time to water them is the euening and morning not the mid-day for feare that the water heated by the heat of the Sunne might burne thâ—â— at the root After that the hearbes haue begun to put forth you must weed the bad from the good whose nourishment they would consume and ouer-shadow them withall this must be done with a forked trowell whiles they be verie small and with the hand which Gardiners call by the name of making cleane when the pot-hearbes are growne strong and great Some doe also weed them thus as well for the weight of the earth and heauie falling of the water vpon them as also because of the 〈◊〉 of folkes feet whereby the earth becommeth hard Wherefore if the 〈◊〉 be soft you need not to â—ake it but verie slightly And you must know that weeding is necessarie for Gardens at all times except in the height of Winter that is to say from Nouember till March in all which time it is not good to weed because those weeds which doe then grow doe not offend or choake the hearbeâ— but rather keepe them warme and comfort them whereas should they be taken away you would leaue the stemme and roots of your hearbes so naked to all the bitternesse of Winter that euerie small Rinde or Frost would endanger the vtter killing and destroying of them as you may find by proofe if you please not to giue credit to our relation Cutting of hearbes is also profitable for them at what time as they be somewhaâ— growne thereby to make them to keepe their greenenesse the longer and to 〈◊〉 them the more beautifull and tufted to keepe them from seeding as also to 〈◊〉 them somewhat a more pleasant smell than they had in their first stalke By this meanes Lettuces and Coleworts are made better and of a more pleasant taste 〈◊〉 their first leaues bee pluckt from them In like manner Turneps and 〈◊〉 grow more beautifull and tufted if their leaues be cut But all hearbes must not be cut at all times for such as haue a hollow stalke as Onions and others if they be cut when it rayneth the blade or stalke of the Onion is filled full of water and rotteth And this is the cause why hearbes of such nature are not 〈◊〉 be cut but in a faire and drie time Or if not cut at all it is better except it be to keepe them from seeding or to make the head a little the fairer which fresh moulding will better doe and with lesse labour As for your Scallions Chyues or Leekes to cut them it is not amisse because they are hearbes continually to be vsed for the Pot and in that respect the oftener cut so much the better CHAP. IX Of setting and remouing of Pothearbes TO giue the greater scope and libertie to hearbes and to make them greater men vse to remoue them and this is done either by remouing of them from one bed to another or from one floore to another vvhen they haue foure or fiue leaues out of the ground and this may be done at â—y time but specially see that the season be inclining to moistnesse and raine and 〈◊〉 must be set in ground that is vvell furnished vvith fat vvithout any amending of with dung If the time fall not out rainie you must vvater them after they be new 〈◊〉 in good and due time not staying too long and from some of them you must cut 〈◊〉 the ends of their roots and set them thinne that so they may be vvet and haue 〈◊〉 earth lightened vvhen need requireth and that thereby they may grow better 〈◊〉 fairer And of these hearbes vvhich are thus to be remoued none is more necesâ—â—rie than the Lettuce because being very swift of growth and naturally apt to mount 〈◊〉 it be not corrected and stayed by remouing it will presently runne to seed and 〈◊〉 that vertue for which it is principally preserued Therefore the sooner you reâ—oue your Lettuce prouided that you haue a shower to doe it in the better it is and 〈◊〉 sooner it will Cabbage and gather in his leaues growing hard firme and thick Also if after their remouing you lay some heauie Tyle or Slate stones vpon them which may a little presse downe their leaues it will be so much the better and they will Cabbage so much the sooner Generally what hearbes soeuer you would keepe from seed that you may thereby take the profit of the leafe and keepe the full strength of the hearbe in the same you shall as soone as you perceiue some leaues to â—e sprung aboue the ground forthwith remoue them into some other new-digged Beds of good and perfect Mould well broken and manured for the purpose and in â—his remouing of your hearbes you shall obserue to set them rather deeper than â—hallower than they were before and to fixe the earth close and fast about them â—nd not to forget to water them as aforesaid till you see they haue taken fast root â—nd begin to shoot vp Slips for the Garden of sweet and fragrant hearbes are gathered at all times and â—hey would be of young sprigges of a yeare old taking part of the old wood and â—vrything that to put it into the earth or else cleauing it below and putting in the â—left an Oat and round about it some other graines of Oates rather than dung for â—earbes that are remoued doe not require dung at their roots but rather they haue â—eed that the lowest parts of their roots should be a little steeped in water as I will shew hereaâ—â—er CHAP. X. Of gathering and keeping the seeds roots and flowers of Pothearbâ—s ROotes for the most part are gathered when the leaues are fallen off and in like sort are the flowers gathered as Borage Buglosse All-good and Marigolds when they are throughly open
notwithstanding the flowers of Roses and Capers must be gathered to be kept while they be 〈◊〉 likewise the leaues and whole hearbes are gathered when they are growne to the full fruits as Melons Cucumbers Citruls and Gourds when they turne yellow and are growne to their perfection If they be purposed to be made serue for seed then they must be let alone longer and afterward kept in conuenient place 〈◊〉 be time to sow them and they must be gathered in a bright weather and in the â—â—crease of the Moone Seeds are gathered when the hearbe is all layd and drie 〈◊〉 it must generally be obserued in all manner of gathering as well of hearbes 〈◊〉 roots as of fruits and seeds that it be done in a faire and cleare weather and in the â—â—crase of the Moone Such hearbes as are to be kept must first be made verie cleane and dried 〈◊〉 shadow which is the best meanes to keepe them the strongest in their vertues 〈◊〉 qualities or else in the Sunne and after to put them vp in bagges of Leather vvollen stuffe nor in vvoodden boxes that so they may not loose their 〈…〉 see it put in practise by sine hearbes which are kept to be vsed in Winter 〈◊〉 me thinkes that the Apothecaries faile much in their doings which hang their phâ—sicke hearbes in the roofe of their house for by this meanes they doe not onely 〈◊〉 their force but become laden with dust cobwebs the dung of flies and a thousand â—â—ther filthie things Flowers must not be dried in the Sunne not in the shadow that is made by 〈◊〉 South-Sunne nor yet in any high roome because of their tendernesse and 〈◊〉 which would cause their force to vanish away either in the burning heat of 〈◊〉 Sunne or in the more moderne heat of the verie ayre If it be not the Prouenâ—e 〈◊〉 which that it may be kept long requireth to be dried in an high place open to 〈◊〉 South-Sunne where the beames of the Sunne doe enter but touch not the 〈◊〉 The best way to drie flowers will be in a temperate place and to turne them 〈…〉 the end that they may not corrupt hauing also this continuall care that they 〈◊〉 neither loose their colour nor their smell And when they are dried they must 〈◊〉 put into an earthen vessell Seeds must be kept in bagges or vessells of earth which haue narrow moutheâ— or in boxes or else in bottles of the rindes of gouâ—ds well stopt and set in 〈◊〉 drie places and where there is no water shed for seeds doe mightily spoyle 〈◊〉 moisture The seeds of Chibols Onions and Leekes as also of Poppie are kept 〈◊〉 their rindes or heads For to keepe Roots you must obserue two waies for either they are to be 〈◊〉 new and as they are yet greene as Nauets Turneps Carets and such like or 〈◊〉 they are to be kept drie For to keepe them new you must lay them vpon sand 〈◊〉 grauell verie thin in some place vnder the earth and a little couered or else to 〈◊〉 them vnder the earth in the garden as we see it done in Turneps and Nauets to 〈◊〉 them the greatest part of Winter To keepe roots drie after they be gathered 〈◊〉 must wash them diligently with cleare water and after take from them all the 〈◊〉 â—ibres or hairie threeds that hang about them and then to drie them either in 〈◊〉 shadow of the Sunne-rising if they be but small and thin as are the roots of 〈◊〉 Succorie Parsley Sperage and such like or in the South-Sunne if they be 〈◊〉 and thicke at those of Daffodils Gentian Sowbread Water-lilly Brionie and such like After that they are dried and thus prepared you must hang them in some 〈◊〉 and vpper roome open vpon the Sun when it is in the South or else vpon the 〈◊〉 quarter and in which notwithstanding neither the smoake nor dust nor 〈◊〉 beames may any thing hurt them notwithstanding that the counsell of 〈◊〉 the prince of Physitians is that hearbes flowers and roots as well greene as 〈◊〉 should not be put to keepe in any place where the wind should come but rather 〈◊〉 vp in vessells or some other such like meanes of keeping of them to the end that they should not loose their force which indeed they might most easily loose being 〈◊〉 open and subiect to the wind CHAP. XI Pâ—t-hearbes and particularly of Coleworts FIrst of all we are to speake of Coleworts both because they are most common and also most aboundant of all other sorts of hearbs all kinds of Coleworts doe loue a cleane ground fat and well tilled not consisting of clay or sand And although they grow indifferently in any ayre but â—pecially in a temperate yet they become greater and more massie sound and safe 〈◊〉 vermine in cold places as are those in Germanie than in hot places and for 〈◊〉 cause they delight a great deale more in the tops of hills than in plaine grounds 〈◊〉 yet in those plaine grounds more in the raised parts of borders than in the flat 〈◊〉 middle parts thereof and they be more pleasant more wholesome for the 〈◊〉 and better in Autumne Spring-time and during great frosts than they be in â—ommer They craue much dung and that especially which is of Asses as being the 〈◊〉 of all for other men and to be raked in couered ouer with good earth not to 〈◊〉 watered in any case notwithstanding that water doth make them looke faire and â—â—ourishing but then not so sweet to the tast nor so wholesome for the stomach When they haue got sixe leaues vpon their stalkes you must remoue them but let it 〈◊〉 in a mild and calme time whether Winter or Sommer And to speake particuâ—arly the common Coleworts called long or greene Coleworts must be sowen in 〈◊〉 August or September if you desire to haue the leaues in Lent and in Winter Some plant them in October and remoue them in December to haue the leaues in Winter and the seed in Iune and Iulie and that to make them the more tuffed â—hough there may be as much accomplished that way at other times of the yeare â—ut not so commodiously And looke well to it that your seed be not too old for if it be three yeares old it will bring forth Radishes And that is the cause why some say Sow Coleworts and â—here will grow vp Radishes or Nauets notwithstanding it continueth sixe yeares 〈◊〉 his nature if it be well kept Cabage-colewort which are called white or apple Coleworts are sowen vpon 〈◊〉 and remoued to stand a foot one from another well couered at the root with a 〈◊〉 and enriched earth when they begin to rise vp into a great stemme and loue â—â—e cold ayre for in a hot aire they cannot liue and you must couer them with straw 〈◊〉 make them cabage the better and become the whiter The curled and Romane Coleworts being more tender
Toâ—d-stooles and to preserue from drunkennesse or else to driâ—e 〈◊〉 away being alreadie possessed If you boyle Leekes with Earth-wormes in Oyle vnto the consumption of the third part and afterward straine out this Oyle it will be singular good for the vlcers and noise in the eares Small Leekes must be sowne in the Spring at such time as other hearbs are sowneâ— they make a faire shew because of their thinne and little leaues and because also they keepe greene all the yeare long they may seeme to be the same with Chibols and Cyues which are wont to be vsed in Salads to helpe to temper the coolenesse of other hearbes vsed in Salads because the Chibols and Cyues haue no head but onely a long stalke like vnto Leekes CHAP. XXII Of Purcelane PVrcelane loueth to be sowne in Februarie March Aprill May and Iune but not at anie other time for it cannot abide the cold It commeth in great aboundance vpon Beds mixt well with old dung or in a ground that is verie fat of it selfe especially if it be sowne amongst Colewoâ—â— Onions and Leekes and after it hath once taken with the ground it will not faile anie yeare afterward though you take no paines with the sowing of it notwithstanding it craueth to be oft watered that it rise not vpright like the stocke of a tree It must be placed in the shadowes of trees and amongst clods full of hearbes but not thicke for then it could not well spread it selfe abroad Purcelane eaten doth cure the roughnesse and astonishment of the teeth stayeth spitting of bloud and quencheth the heat of the reines notwithstanding that this hearbe is hard to digest and nourisheth but a little being applyed vnto the browes is appeaseth the head-ach and being layd vpon the nauell it killeth the wormes 〈◊〉 children The decoction of the leaues thereof or the seed or the water distilled is â— soueraigne remedie against the Bloudie flux and the Wormes in children A leaâ—e of Purcelane put vpon the tongue assuageth thirst A Cataplasme made of Purcelane and Barly mâ—ale applyed vnto the liuer and â—lanke worketh a maruellous effect against burning Agues A Liniment made with Honey and the powder of the root of Purcelane dried healeth the chaps of the lips and hands This Purcelane is an excellent Salad and by a cooling operation which it hath keepeth the bloud in a most excellent temper You preserue it all the yeare by boyling it first in faire water then drayning the water from it spread it vpon a faire table and cast good store of salt amongst it then when it is throughly cold pot it vp in cleane sweet pots of Earth and poure vpon it either a good strong Brine or Vineger and Salt mixt together till the Purcelane be cleane couered or if you feare the ouer-saltnesse of it then you need but onely make a well-tasted pickle such as you put to Oliues and with it couer the Purcelane then close the pot vp close till you haue cause to vse it And if at anie time you find the pickle or brine to 〈◊〉 away from the hearbes and leaue them drie you must immediately renew it and couer it all ouer againe for it is apt to putrifie and nothing bringeth it more sooner thereunto than the want of moisture Therefore you must haue care euer once in three of foure dayes to open your pots and to mend what you shall find amisse in them and if you find anie hoâ—rinesse cleauing vnto the pots sides you must cleanse that away also CHAP. XXIII Of Onions Chibols and Chyâ—es FOr the most part Onions so called of the French because they haue but onely one white root like to a pearle which the Latines call Vnio whether they be white red or round would be sowne in Ianuarie Februarie and March in a fat ground well dunged blacke well turned as also well cleansed from stones and enriched or else in a red earth which is short and murlie for in it they grow excellently They would be remoued in Aprill all along well weeded and often laboured to cause them to grow great and thicke and they must be kept from cold and freezing winds In them we must obserue a nature contrarie vnto that of other Hearbes and Plants being of greatâ—â— force and vertue in the encrease of the Moone than in the decrease quite conrarie to that of Onions which in the wane of the Moone is more effectuall and in the growth of the Moone more drie and weake Such as are intended to be kept for seed when they begin to put forth their stalke and to rise aloft must haue small sâ—ickes or poles to set by them and keepe them vpright that the wind doe not bow or breake them downe They must be gathered in the old of the Moone in faire and drie weather when the leaues begin to drie and the seed to grow blacke 〈◊〉 then you must pull vp the whole stalkes and drie them in the Sunne And it is said that if they be sowne and planted when the Moone is vnder the earth they tast the stronger but are smaller and lesse Furthermore they must be ordered as Leekes But iâ— must be obserued that they loue and delight in a red earth and to be sowne in faire weather in the decrease of the Moone to be taken vp againe and by and by watered and for to make them grow great they must haue their top taken away when they are planted and their heads vncouered and their earth must be digged twentie daies before they be remoued againe that so it may drie and not haue anie moisture in it And to keepe Onions from rotting you must cast them into warme water and drie them in the Sunne and after that they are drie to lay them vpon Barly straw so as they may not touch one another Who so would make choice of Onions must know that the round and white ones are a great deale better than those of a rusâ—etish or reddish colour and not to be so hot and sharpe as the other The best in France are those which grow at Fertlonion a small village neere vnâ—â— Estamps for it hath his name vpon that occasion The Onion though it be the Countrey mans meat is better to vse than to 〈◊〉 for he that eateth euerie day tender Onions with Honey to his breakfast shall liue the more healthfull so that they be not too new for the drie are more healthfull 〈◊〉 the greene the boyled than the raws the preserued than the drie wherefore the drie must be chosen to vse in Salads fried Meats Gallymawfries baked Meats Sawces Beane pottage and other vses The iuice of Onions causeth haire to grow againe cleanseth filthie â—ares and such as runne with mattar taketh away white spots as well out of the face as from the rest of the bodie It cureth the Dropsie with the iuice of Fennell if it be but beginning it purgeth the braine through
of Rocket gathered with the left hand and bruised in honied water and taken in drinke are soueraigne against the Iaundise and hardnesse of the Spleene Also Rocket being boyled and mixed with Sugar doth take away the Cough in little children Tarragon is made of Linseed prickt in manie places of the head of a red Onion the strongest and sharpest that may be found and put into well manured earth And after it hath shot vp the height of a foot or somewhat more you must take the slippes or branches and set them againe in the same earth and water them often Tarragon hath the same force and vertue that Rocket hath and is not to be eaten alone but with Lettuces and such like hearbes CHAP. XXVIII Of Smallage Cheruile Costmarie and Auens SMallage must be sowne in a well toiled ground and neere some wall for iâ— loueth the shadow and groweth well in all manner of ground And after that it is once sowne if it be not all pulled vp by the roots but that there be but one stalke left from yeare to yeare to seed it will continue for euer and it hath not anie great need of being weeded The good time to sow it is from the end of Februarie vnto the first day of September It hath the like vertue that Parsley hath not to eat but for Physicke It is good also for all blew stroakeâ— and bloud that is setled by reason of anie kind of blow The oyle thereof is likewise good for manie diseases and especially for the rawnesse that commeth in the throat if the place that is sore be oft annointed therewith It is true that Smallage stirreth vp the Falling sicknessee if we may beleeue Plâ—nie although that Galen in the curing of the Falling sickness doe prescribe the roots of Smallage and Parsley I haue tried by experience oftentimes that the leaues of Smallage chewed raw doe prouoke the termes of women Cheruile called in Latine Cerefolium loueth to be sowne in a ground that is well manured and in the time of Februarie March and Aprill and sometimes in August and September for to haue it in Winter and it would be often watered Cheruile doth shirre vp the stomacke and is verie good to prouoke vrine and purge the bloud Costmarie and Auens are verie pleasant hearbes to giue a sauour like Spice in Pottage and Salads They would be sowne in May and Aprill and remoued in Nouember Both of them haue the taste of Pepper and Cloues and therefore cannot but be good to comfort the stomacke Some to prouoke appetite make a greene sawce of Sorrell for to eat with meat Physicions doe greatly esteeme of the decoction of Costmarie against the Swimming disease Astonishments falling Sicknesse obstructions of the Lungs Dropsies and Iaundise as also for the Colicke Stone difficultie to make Water staying of the Termes for quicke deliuerie in Child-birth and to bring downe the after-birth CHAP. XXIX Of Asparagus THe hearbe Asparagus doth grow bigge in a fat and spongie ground that is free from stones well dressed plaine and smooth demanding no helpe of watering except a little in 〈◊〉 Some sow them in the Spring at the new of the Moone but it is better to set the rootes which spread and encrease better and sooner than the seeds whether they be sowne of seedes or set of rootes it must be done in furrowes three ynches deepe and a fathome ouer on euerie side standing one from another a good long foot put into euerie furrow two or three seeds euerie one off from another some nine ynches about fortie daies after the seeds doe gather together and ioyne one with another becomming one after you haue set them thus low you must cast vpon them the third part of the earth that you haue taken out of the furrowes which must be â—ifted before you put it there with an yron Sieue that so the Sunne may pierce the deeper and draw the Asparagus vnto it after this you must weed them oft and helpe them in October with some well rotted manure of Horse Sheepe or Birds or which is better with the filth and ordure of Sinkes and Priuies and the dust which falleth out of Wooll when it is beaten and againe vpon this the â—eeds and drosse of the Vine-presse and Grapes You must renew their ground oftentimes in Februarie and cast new dung vpon it you must doe the like also the second yeare in Februarâ—â— or March and likewise euerie yeare in October It is true that they must be remoued the second or third yeare and neuer to cut them vntill the third yeare and then in the moneth of May. In stead of remouing them it were better to vncouer their roots and to take away those that are supersâ—uons for to set in some other place and then to purge them of withered and rotten or corrupted branches in as much as Asparagus would neuer be remoued out of their place except it be when they grow too thicke together For doing so two or three yeares one after another it will fall out that all the intangled and folded one within another will be taken away and then you may prune and trimme those which you leaue standing which you must couer from foot to foot or from root to root with well seasoned manure being rotted and mixed with as much sifted mould sifting moreouer the same which was aboue before and putting it into his old place from whence it was taken and in such manner as it was found there Howsoeuer it be the yeare after they be planted there may well be taken from them some one of their stalkes and the other let stand to seed The stalke so taken away must be cut away not pluckt away for feare of doing hurt to the root For to haue Asparagus to grow faire and aboundantly you must couer the earth of the trenches with beasts hornes or else sow in the furrowes where you shall set them the powder of the hornes of Weathers or wild Rammes or some others and afterward you shall water them And this is the cause that maketh them grow naturally in the Medowes Others there are which say though it be a wonderfull thing that there must nothing be done to the hornes but onely bored through and to hide them in good ground and that of them will breed and grow Asparagus And to cause Asparagus to sprout and bring foorth often you must rake and weed and digge about them often opening their roots after that you haue gathered the fruit and straw vpon thâ—â— the powder of beasts hornes for the plant being thus handled will beare his 〈◊〉 otherwise Asparagus is a delicate fruit and wholesome for euerie bodie and especially when it is thicke tender sweet and not verie much boyled it giueth a good stomacâ—e vnto the sicke if it be vsed before meat it prouoketh vrine it openeth the obstructions of the reines and the liuer The root thereof applyed to
his old root but will be sowen euerie yeare in September in hot and drie countries and in other placâ—â— from Ianuarie vntill March and it is sowen commonly with coleworâ—s It prospâ—etâ— best when it is sowen in places where the crops of vines haue beene burned I haâ—â— seene at Vandeuer a small village in Burgundie young children and other folke to eat the seed of white poppie for lickorishnes without being any thing moued to heauinesse of sleepe but made more stirring and liuely which hath made me to 〈◊〉 that the seed of Poppie is not so much to be feared as some would beare in hand CHAP. XXXVII Of Cucumbers CVcumbers are sowen vpon a bed in the moneth of March and for feare of srost they are couered with straw vntill mid-May which is the time when they would be remoued vnto such ground as is well manured and thicke layed with dung fat and soft to the end they may be suffered to creepe and ripen vpon the ground or else vpon beds filled with fat and well 〈◊〉 earth being a foot high For to sow them there must be planted foure or five seeds the one from the other some two foot they must not be weeded at all because they thriue the better when they be ouer-growne with weeds Notwithstanding 〈◊〉 Spaine they vse to weed them as carefully as they can as also lighten and raise theâ—â— earth and there grow verie faire Cucumbers thereupon It is good to water theâ—â— oft vntill they put forth their buds and bring forth fruit yea and after also if the time fall out somewhat drie for the Cucumber of his owne nature doth loue moisture insomuch as if there be set a vessell full of water vnder a Cucumber it will be found the next day to be shrunke three fingers and it must be prouided that the water goe directly downe vnto the root of the Cucumber without touching the fruit because otherwise it would make it worse It is true that when it beginneth to ripen the raine and â—uerie other manner of watering is enemie vnto it for thereby it becommeth but more withered without any tast and altogether discontenting It feareth the thunder and lightning and for that cause you must not plaâ—â— them in any such time neither yet hope for any great increase thereof in such yeares as wherein such stormes and tempests fall out for thereupon they wither and fall quite away to nothing If a man desire to haue them faire ones he must gather them in the full of the Moone for at this time they grow bigge and at other times they fade and grow lesse Furthermore there may not come neere vnto their bed any vessell full of oyle because the cucumber of all other things hateth oile and cannot thriue if he which doth till them haue handled oyle The vse of Cucumbers is altogether hurtfull because the nourishment and juice comming of them is easily corrupted in the veines whereupon there grow in 〈◊〉 bodies Burning-Agues and such as are verie hard to câ—re wherefore it is better to appoint them for meat for Mules and Asses to which kind of beasts this fruit is verie pleasant and profitable than to ordaine them for mens food and sustenance It is verie true that their seed boyled with Barley-water doth prouoke vrine asswage the heat of the reines and also diminish the heat and thirst that is in Agues A decoction made with the seed of Cucumbers Winter-Cherries Mallowes and the seeds of vvhite Poppie adding thereto the juice of Licorice a little Mummia Gum-arabecke and Tragacanth is a singular remedie for them which are in consumptions which cough continually and haue their vrine burning them Soâ—â— likewise say that a Cucumber placed long-wise neere vnto a child which hath an Ague being of the same greatnesse that the child is doth deliuer it altogether from the Ague CHAP. XXXVIII Of Gourdes GOurdes doe craue the like earth and ordering or tillage that Cucumbers doe foreseene that they haue the Sunne at commaund it is true that they must be sowne with greater distances and in such sort as they may climbe stakes heapes of stone and arbours thereby to giue some pleasure in the beholding of the fruit hanging rather than the lying vpon beds for they delight not so much in creeping vpon the earth as the Cucumber doth but rather to climbe on high Before you set them you must steepe their seeds one night in water that so you may learne to make the better choice of them and to know which are good And in that respect it will be good to take those which sinke downe to the bottome and let alone those which shall swim vpon the top of the water as being vnprofitable and worth nothing to sow The seeds shall be put into the earth two together the sharpe end vpward in holes wide and deepe to the quantitie of two foot and three or foure foot euerie one from another filled with old dung that is verie small or else to make them spring out of the earth the sooner with horse dung as it commeth all hot from the stable for other matters they craue no great attendance prouided that they be serued with water to their contentment and yet those which are least waâ—ered will haue the most pleasant sauour and tast wherefore if they be sowne in a drie ground you must set hard by them pots of water with lists of cloth or straw hanging at them which will be continually dropping of water vpon them which thing will be great aduantage to them during the great heat It is certaine that the goodnesse and fairenesse of Gourds doth consist altogether in the good choice and well setting of the seed for the seeds which are next to the necke of the gourd doe bring forth long ones those which are in the middest round ones and those which are by the sides short and thicke ones in which consideration if you would haue grosse and thicke gourds which may serue to make vessells and bottles of when they shall be drie you must take the seed that is in the middest of the gourd and set it with the head downward but when you desire to haue them to sell and to eat you must take of the seed next vnto the necke and set them after the right and common manner for so the fruit will grow long and more tender and of a greater price The gourds intended to gather seed of for to sow must not be gathered before Winter and when they are gathered they must be put in the Sun to drie or else hung vp in the smoake or else hung as the manner is in France vnder some chamber-floore or else set them in rows voon boards for otherwise the seeds would rot or else to put them in heaps of corne which will not onely keepe them from rotting but will also ripen them if they be gathered being yet vnripe but those which are intended to be eaten must be gathered at their
damaske or sweet water by such meanes you may giue them such tast and smell as you please if you steepe their seed before you sow it in any such liquor as in Honied-vvater in Rose-vvater or in some other kind of water sweetned with Sugar or Muske notwithstanding watering of them doth take from them a great deale of that smell as also of their sauour and taste To make Cucumbers or Pompions sugred you must steepe the seed in water that is well sweetned with Sugar or Honie and to make them sweet in Sheepes milke or Honied water and so sow them and when they be growne you must sprinkle them ouer with the dust of some drie earth and water them a little To make Pompions to keepe long and not to be spoyled or rotted you must sprinkle them with the juice of Housleeke A woman hauing her termes and walking by the borders of Pompions Gourds and Cucumbers causeth them to drie and die but and if any of the fruit eâ—cape it wil be bitter Cucumbers indure fresh a long time if they be put in the sweet lees of wine or else in brine or if they hang in a vessell wherein there is a little vinegar Pompions will haue the smell of Roses if their seed be mingled with drie Roses and afterward sowne together and then also they are excellent good to quench the thirst in burning agues CHAP. XLI Of Strawberries STrawberries haue no need of great toyle or tilling so that they be planted in some good ground not manured notwithstanding but well shaded howsoeuer because they delight greatly in the shadow of other hearbes so also they are found growing amongst great tall trees without any manner of husbanding or tillage It is true that they grow well in the open Sun so that they be watered once or twice a weeke especially when they begin to looke red they must be remoued euerie three yeares to make them beare faire berries and their earth raised about them once euerie yeare and that about Christ-tide and to weed them by hand when as weeds doe ouergrow them in the ground whither you remoue them you must first put horse-dung well rotted or cowes dung a scuttle full to euerie border that is three foot broad dresse this ground in a drie time and let it lye afterward and in a moist time but not rainie you shall set the Strawberries halfe a foot euerie way thrusting the earth close to the root with a dibble In these you may obserue a certaine kind of wonderfull harmelesnesse and innocencie which although they creepe vpon the earth and be continually troden vpon by Adders Lizards Snakes and other venimous beasts are notwithstanding neuer infected with them neither get they any venimous sauour which sheweth that they haue no â—ffinitie with venâ—me or poyson Amongst other pleasures or commodities that they afford the juice or wine that 〈◊〉 strained from strawberries is good to take away the red pimples itching knobs which grow in the face by the heat of the liuer as also to take away the rednesâ—e of the eyes and to wipe out the spots and knobs of the Leprosie Likewise the decoction of the roots and leaues of Strawberries made with wine is singular good for the 〈◊〉 if it be drunke for some time in the morning as also to prouoke the termes in women and this neuerthelesse doth stay the white termes and bloudie 〈…〉 vsed in forme of a Gargariâ—â—e it comforteth the gums and teeth and 〈…〉 rheumes Of Physicke Hearbes CHAP. XLII Of Mallowes WE haue heretofore dedicated and appointed certaine borders downeâ—â—low the Kitchin garden neere vnto the wall of the orchard for Physick hearbes whereof we desire and wish that the huswife may haue 〈◊〉 knowledge thereby to helpe the necâ—ssities of her people And in 〈◊〉 respect it shall not be â—hought strange if we touch in a word the dressing and 〈◊〉 of some few such as are most vsuall and familiar amongst women leauing 〈…〉 and exact description of thâ—m vnto such as make profession thereof for 〈◊〉 drift of my purpose is to instruct the Farmer and his wife or her that is the 〈◊〉 and Dairie-woman so much as is needfull for the maintenance of their house and fâ—milie But we will begin with Mallowes as those that are most in vse Mallowes notwithstanding that they grow euerie where yet if you be disposed 〈◊〉 sow them you may doe it most commodiously in Autumne rather than at any other time to the end their growth on height may be represâ—ed by the comming of Wiâ—ter for by how much the Mallow is the lesse by so much it is the better They loâ— a fat and moist earth and craue to be remoued after they haue put forth foure or 〈◊〉 leaues though indeed it would be much the better not to remoue them at all 〈◊〉 they will keepe a better rellish but to the end they should not grow vp into high and great stalkes alter that they be come forth of the earth you must put some 〈◊〉 bricke in the midâ—est of their leaues They would be oft wed and when they 〈…〉 if their leaues be tâ—ed together at the end they will bring forth a well 〈◊〉 and thicke set root The root of Mallowes steâ—pt in Wine a whole day and afterward wrapt in a 〈◊〉 and roasted vnder the ashes and dried is a fine medicine to rub the teeth withâ—â— and to cleanse and scowre off from them the filth gathered thicke about them 〈◊〉 juice drunke to the quantitie of halfe a pound oâ— the decoction of the 〈…〉 leaues comming to a certaine thick conâ—â—stence is exceeding good for wâ—men 〈◊〉 are in trauell of child birth It is singular also for many other things and therefore is called of some Omnimorbia Hollihocks craue the like husbanding and tillage that the Mallowes doe 〈◊〉 they are of the same kind and in both of them especially in the Mallowes we 〈◊〉 obserue as a miraculous thing that their leaues and flower doe open at the approâ—d and comming of the Sunne and shut vp themselues to goe to bed when it 〈…〉 doe the Marigolds Both these haue verie great power and vertue to mollifie they serue also to 〈◊〉 the bellie especially the young and tender crops of Mallowes haue vertue to 〈◊〉 swage the paine of the reines and doe cause a man to make water The juice 〈◊〉 with oyle doe healâ— the stinging of Waspes The juice mingled with 〈◊〉 doth helpe women trauailing of child birth Their leaâ—es stamped with the 〈◊〉 of willows doe stay inflammations A cataplasme made of their leanes doth 〈◊〉 way the hardnesâ—e of the mother and other parts especially if it be made of 〈◊〉 with oyle of Roses Gentian grows in high places open to the ayre being notwithstanding 〈◊〉 and somwhat ouershadowed This hearb through his bitternesse draweth downe the termes and the stayed vrine The water thereof especially of the root being distilled
through a Limbecke in Maries-bath doth maruailously heale the Agues caused of the obstructions of any noble part and which is more it killeth the wormes and wipeth away all the spots of the face it they be often washed therewith It is exceeding good against the inflammation of the eyes It is verie soueraigne against any infection or mortall sicknesse if it be drunke with Water and Honie it abateth the swelling of the bodie and easeth the colicke whether it be in the stomach or in the bowels it also cureth the biting or stinging of venimous beasts and it causeth a woman to be deliuered of her dead birth The root is a present remedie against the Plague not onely in men but also in all â—orts of cattell it is a speciall preseruatiue against all poyson and a meanes to withstand all putrefaction in regard whereof the Switzers mingle it amongst their owne meat and the sodder or prouender of their cattell that so they may continue in good health Arsmart so called because the leaues applied to the fundament for to wipe it doe cause great paine and of the Latines Hydropiper doth require a marshie ground full of water or at the least verie moist or often watered and it groweth rather being planted of a root then sowne of seed It is verie singular in ointments for old vlcers and fistulaes as also in clysters for bloudie fluxes the leaues thereof washed in cold water and applied vnto wounds and vlcers either of man or beast doe take away by and by the paine thereof and doth throughly heale them as the swellings or gaules vnder the saddles of horses that 〈◊〉 hurt if they be renewed euerie day and the horse needs not to be forborne for all that Or else take the hearbe new steepe it in water and wash it then rub therewith the swolne or gauled place then put the hearbe in some place where it may quickly rot or else burie it in some fat ground and coâ—er it with a great stone so soone as the â—hearbe is rotted so soone will the fore be healed If you spread it all greene in the bed it killeth fleas you shall keep powdred proke from wormes if you wrap it in the leaues of this hearbe thâ— juice thereof dropped into wormie eares doth kill the wormes that is in them Eye-bright delighteth in a leane ground and shadowed place and yet where moiâ—ture is not altogether wanting such as are the meadows and little mountaines is groweth of roots not of seed It is singular good against the dimnesse waterishnesse â—ataract rheume and weaknesse of the eyes being either applied and layd thereto or â—aken inwardly by the mouth there is a powder made of â—he dried leaues which beâ—ng oft taken by the mouth with the yolke of an egge or alone or mixt with aloes â—nd swallowed downe with Fennell-water or with water of veruaiâ—e doth comfort â—nd strengthen mightily the weake and diseased eyes some vse much to take Winâ— wherein eye-bright hath beene infused and steept a long time for the same purpose or the powder vsed with wine but the powder alone or the decoction without wine 〈◊〉 a remedie far more certaine than the wine of eye-bright as I my selfe haue proued â—y experience in as much as the Wine by his vapours doth fill the braine and proâ—ureth rheumes and therefore if you would auoid these inconuenienees you must â—elay your Wine vvith the vvater of Fennell or mixe Sugar therewith 〈◊〉 de â—illa-noâ—a aâ—â—irmeth that by the continuall vse of this heâ—healed an old man which â—â—ad alreadie wholly lost his sight by the often vse of the leaues of this hearbe as well 〈◊〉 as drie as well in his drinke as in his meat Veruaine as well the male as the female must be planted of roots in a moist soile â—nd that it may grow the fairer it requireth to be remoued and that into a place of â—he like nature and qualitie Besides the helpes that this hearbe affordeth vnto vveake eyes it is also good aâ—ainst the paine of the head teeth and vlcers of the mouth and principally in the â—â—fections of the skinne as the itch the tetter the flying-fire the ring-worme the â—prosie the Gangrena and Shbaâ—lus if it bâ— vsed in manner of a bath 〈◊〉 in manner of a foâ—entation made with Fâ—mitorie in Water and Vinegar Elicampane must not be sowne of seed because the seed hath no power to 〈◊〉 but it must rather be planted of the young sprouts pulled gently from the 〈…〉 that in a verie well tilled ground and which hath beene manured not verie 〈…〉 yet ouershadowed It is good to plant it in the beginning of Februarie leauing 〈◊〉 foot distance betwixt plant and plant for it hath great leaues and the roots do 〈◊〉 verie much as doe the young sprouts or roots of Reed The Wine wherein the root of Elicampane hath steept for the space of four◠〈◊〉 twentie houres is singular good against the colicke as we haue alreadâ—e said in 〈◊〉 first booke the juice of the root is singular good to continue and keepe the 〈◊〉 and beautifull hew of women The decoction of the root is likewise good 〈◊〉 â—â—joyce the heart and to prouoke vrine and the termes of women as also to 〈…〉 to spit out but then it must be vsed inwardly and whiles it is new and greene 〈◊〉 when it is old and drie it is fit to be vsed outwardly and not to be taken into 〈◊〉 bodie Dittander which hath the tast of pepper and mustard for which cause it is 〈◊〉 of the Latines Piperitis must be planted before the first of March cut as the 〈◊〉 but not so oft for feare it should die with cold It will continue two 〈◊〉 prouided that it be carefully weeded and dunged it continueth in many 〈◊〉 whole ten years and it cannot easily be destroyed The root of Dittander stamped with Hogs-gâ—ease or with the root of 〈◊〉 and applied in forme of a cataplaâ—me vnto the Sciatica doth cure it throughly It taketh away the great spots freckles and scales or pilling of the face by 〈…〉 the thin skin wherein these are fixed and as for the rawnesse left after the away of this skin it is healed easily with ointment of Roses Great Celandine groweth in euerie ground so that there be any shadow 〈…〉 and it would be sowne in Februarie and may so continue ten yeares so that â—waies after it hath cast his seed the stalkes thereof be cut downe within 〈…〉 of the root The juice of the flowers mixt with honie or womans milke or some othe◠〈◊〉 asswage the sharpenesse of it doth take away the spots in the eyes 〈…〉 scartes and vicers healeth the ring-wormes and itch of the head and the 〈…〉 the haire of little children The Alchymistes doe make great account of it 〈◊〉 their extractions of mettalls Some say that the old Swallows doe recouer the 〈◊〉 of their young ones being pore-blind by applying vnto their
called of the Latines Acanthus groweth in stonie and moist places although it loue to be diligently tended or otherwise not to yeeld anie profit The root and leaues are verie mollifying taken in drinke they prouoke vrine and applyed in forme of a Cataplasme they are good against conâ—ulsions wrenches and contractions of the ligaments They are to good effect vsed in the Clysters of them which haue the Dropsie Diuels-bit so called because it sheweth as though the middle or the heart of the root were gnawed or bitten by some Diuell so soone as it is planted or hath put vp in anie place as though the Diuell did enuie the good which it bringeth vnto men by the incredible vertues that are therein craueth no great husbandrie neither yet anie fat earth or verie moist for as we see it groweth vpon mountaines in bushes and places altogether barren It is true that it groweth also in medowes but yet such as are not verie moist It is found in great aboundance in the medowes of Verriere a borough neere vnto Paris The root and greene leaues being stamped together and applyed vnto Carbuncles and pestilent Buboes doe heale them The Wine wherein they haue boyled is drunke with good successe against the Plague and against the griefes and suffocation of the Mother The powder of the root thereof is verie good against Wormes Cinquefoile so called because of the fiue leaues which it beareth craueth a low waterish and shadowed ground it groweth also in drie and grauellie places The decoction of the root vsed for a Gargle doth assuage the tooth-ach and heale the vlcers of the mouth in a Clyster it slayeth all manner of flux of the bellie as well the bloudie flux as others taken as a drinke it is singular against the Iaundise the stopping of the Liuer and against a pestilent ayre and poyson Tormentill like in stalke vnto Cinquefoile but vnlike in number of leaues 〈◊〉 much as it hath seuen delighteth in the same ground that Cinquefoile doth 〈…〉 not altogether so waterish and called Tormentill because the powder or 〈◊〉 of the root doth appease the rage and torment of the teeth is ouer and aboue 〈◊〉 â—ther remedies most singular against the Plague and against the furie of all 〈◊〉 and Venimes it stayeth likewise all fluxes of bloud whether it be spitting 〈…〉 struous or of the bellie all vomiting and vntimely birth whether it be taken 〈◊〉 by the mouth or applyed outwardly or whether it be taken in substance 〈◊〉 the distilled water onely Perwincle delighteth in a shadowed and moist place we see it grow likewise 〈◊〉 Willow grounds Hedge-rowes and out-sides of Woods The leaues as well in decoction as otherwise doe stay all manner of flux of the bellie or spitting of bloud or otherwise as the monethly termes and whites 〈◊〉 purging hauing gone before and bleeding at the nose if you bruiâ—e the 〈◊〉 and put them in the nose or if you make a collar thereof to put about your 〈…〉 a garland for your head or if you put them vnder and about the tongue After the same manner you shall stay the monethly termes as also preuent vntimely birth 〈◊〉 you apply them vpon the groines Bistort as well the great as the small doth delight in a moist waterish and shâ—dowie place it groweth also in high Mountaines The root thereof doth stay all manner of fluxes as the termes and vnwilling 〈◊〉 away of the vrine if it be drunke with the iuice or distilled water of 〈◊〉 it stayeth the flux of bloud comming of a wound if the powder of it be cast 〈◊〉 the bleeding wound it suppresseth cholericke vomits if is befried with the 〈◊〉 of egges vpon a red hot tyle and be eaten by and by It is singular good as well 〈◊〉 the decoction and substance as in the distilled water against all Venime as also against the Plague against Wormes in little children against the Measels Purpleâ— and small Pocks in young children against the bloudie flux and all manner of falls against the paine and rheumes of the teeth if you put it into the hollow tooth 〈◊〉 little Allome and Pellitorie of Spaine Pionie as well the male as the female craueth to be planted or set in drie ground where the Sunne hath his full force The seed or root gathered in the wane of the Moone and hanged about the neck or applyed vnto the wrists alone or with the Missâ—ltoe of the Oake is a verie singâ—lar preseruatiue against the Falling sicknesse Whereunto notwithstanding I would not haue thee so much to trust as that thou shouldest not looke after some other â—â—medie assure thy selfe rather that it is singular in bitings and stingings that are â—â—nimous as well taken inward as applyed outward Thirtie seeds of Pionie 〈◊〉 and brayed and the verie kernell made into powder and drunke with wine doth fetch againe the speech when it is lost Paules Betonie both male and female would be either sowne or planted in thâ— verie same ground with Pionie This hearbe especially the female is verie much commended for his vertues 〈◊〉 the iuice that is pressed out of his leaues and the water that is distilled thereof 〈◊〉 heale all sorts of wounds as well new as old all sorts of vlcers whether maligne 〈◊〉 cancrous swellings and hot tumors itch and all the diseases of the skin and which is more the often vse as well of the iuice as of the distilled water of Paules 〈◊〉 doth perfectly cure the Leprosie whereof we haue a notable and famous testimoâ—â—â— of a French King who thereby was throughly cured thereof And this is the 〈◊〉 why this hearbe is called the Leapers hearbe Some doe make a balme thereof 〈◊〉 we will further speake in the Chapter of Balmes in the third Booke which is singâ—lar aboue all others for all sorts of wounds and maligne vlcers as also for the Leprosie and that it is so good is proued for that a certaine person well knowne vnto 〈◊〉 hauing a virulent vlcer in manner of a Polypus in his nosthrils of the cure 〈◊〉 manie as well Physitioâ—s as Surgions being excellent men and dwelling in 〈◊〉 Towne did altogether despaire was notwithstanding wonderfully cured by the application of this Balme and often vse of potions made of the decoction of the leaues of the female Paules Betonie This hearbe is singular also in Clysters for bloudie Fluxes and in drinkes for pestilent Feauers vlcers of the Lungs and obstructions of the Liuer and Spleene Gromell is the same which we call in Latine Milium solis and it groweth better being sowne than pianted it delighteth in a drie and vntilled ground being withall stonie and hauing a good ayre The iuice of the leaues and powder of the seed being drunke with Wine hath a singular vertue against the Grauell and Stone and procuring of the Vrine to passe away There is nothing more singular for the burning of the Vrine than to drinke manie mornings
principally in that which is moist Neither the one nor yet the other doth beare any seed as Writers record notwithstanding it hath beene tried that the male beareth seed and that it cleaueth to the hindermost part of the leaues but yet so little that hardly can a man see it and which cannot be acknowledged or gathered but in the end of Iulie which is the time when it is ripe for to gather it you must cut the leafe neere vnto the root and then hang them vp in your house spreading a linnen cloth vnder them or else some faire cleane white paper I know well that the common sort doe verily thinke and auerre that this seed cannot be gathered but on the night of the wakes of S. Iohn in Sommer and that more is not without great ceremonies and mumbling and muttering of many words betweene the teeth which haue power to driue away Deuills which haue the custodie of the same seed but all this is nothing but fables The decoction thereof is good to prouoke womens termes to cast out the dead child to kill wormes and some doe vse it to heale the frettings or hurts that may be in the fundament fallen downe but especially the female Hearbe Two-pence so called because the leaues resemble small peeces of siluer requireth no great peece of husbandrie about it saue onely that it would haue a moist ground The whole hearbe either in decoction or powder but especially the water thereof distilled in a limbecke is verie singular good for the falling downe of the fundament Fleawort being called of the Latines Psyllium craueth a verie fat well manured and batled ground for else there will no good come of it The seed prepared in forme of a Mucilage and applied in vinegar doth kill the wild fire and teâ—â—er applied vnto the head or brows it taketh away the paine thereof it taketh away also the rednesse of the eyes being applyed thereunto The distilled water is of infinite goodnesse seruing in the paynes of the eyes two or three drops thereof onely being dropt into them This hearbe requireth a verie fat place well manured and tilled likewise we see it grow aboundantly in vineyards and grounds for Wheat and Barlie The leaues are verie singular good for the opening of the liuer and cleansing away of adust humours and this also is the cause why physitians prescribe it with whay in scuruie scabbie and itchie cases and where the leprosie is The juice thereof is good to cleere bleared eyes Ground-swell groweth in euerie ground and without any great care we see if grow likewise neere vnto walls and vpon the townes walls it is greene all the yere and flourisheth as it were in euerie moneth and this is the cause why the Italians call it euerie moneths flower Some thinke that Ground-swell distilled is verie singular good for the Whites in women but beleeue it not before you find it true by proofe for I haue obserued by often vse that this hearbe whether in decoction or otherwise prouoketh the termes that are stayed Birt-wort as well the long as the round must be planted in a fat and fertile soyle such as that where Wheat is sowne and Oliue trees planted Their roots amongst other alâ—â—ost inâ—inite vertues cause womens courses purge the lungs cause spitting cure the cough and prouoke vrine which more is if either of them be taken in drinke especially the round one made in powder with Pepper and Myrrhe it driueth forth the after-birth the dead conception and all other superfluities gathered in the Matrix it doth the like being applied in forme of a Mother suppositorie It purgeth all obstructions of the liuer and easeth all manner of colicke or other griefes which proceed from windie causes it is soueraigne against all manner of poyson or any other infection it cleanseth the bloud and by rubbing the gummes therewith it preserueth the teeth from rotting Centaurie or the gall of the earth aswel the great as the smal desireth a fat ground that is fruitfull and well tilled and yet in such a ground they thriue not well without the great care and industrie of the Gardener Their root in decoction juice or powder moueth womens termes and prouoketh vrine expelleth the dead child purgeth â—legmaticke humors which cause the sciatica openeth the obstructions of the liuer and spleene killeth the wormes profiteth and helpeth palsies convulsions and diseases of the sinews it cleareth the sight and taketh away all mistinesse from them especially the juice dropt into the eyes doth heale their fresh and new wounds and siccatriceth old and maligne vlcers Woodbind craueth no great tilling or husbanding for it groweth euerie where and in what place soeuer it listeth It is true that it desireth greatly to be neere broome hedges and also the borders of fields The fruit of Woodbind drunke with Wine the space of fortie daies taketh away the obstructions of a hard and indurat spleene it purgeth out vrine with such force as that the tenth day the vrine becommeth all bloudie it helpeth women in their child-birth the leaues in decoction or distilled doe heale wounds and filthie vlcers wipe away the spots and scarres of the bodie and of the face Pimpernel hath red and blew flowers and craueth a moist and shadowed ground so likewise we see it grow in the shadows of hedges and bushes Pimpernell with the red flowers stampe and applied vnto the eyes or the juice thereof dropt within them taketh away the inflammations dimnesâ—e and vlcers of the eyes and healâ—th the inflammations of the secret parts Pimpernell with the blew flower boyled with salt and water is a verie good and proper medicine to cure the itch or scurfe and the lice or wormes in the hands if you wash them oâ—t therewith Buckwheat is a verie common hearbe and yet but little knowne by his name it is verie ordinarie in corne and tilled grounds about haruest time The Peasants of Champaigne doe commonly call it Veluote because in my judgement the leaues are hairie which name I mind not to change but rather to keepe for the easier knowing of the hearbe They make vse of it by applying it if at any time in shearing they happen to cut themselues with their sickles For to know it better therefore than onely by the name it putteth forth from the root fiue sixe seuen or eight small branches for the most part layed along vpon the earth of the length of a hand and sometime of a foot bearing leaues somewhat like vnto the little bindweed but indeed they be lesse and more round verie hairie and a little fattie The flower is small and of diuers colours drawing verie neere vnto a pale yellow but in greatnesse it commeth neâ—re vnto the flower of eyeâ— bright but in shape and fashion vnto the nettle slower The water of the leaues and branches distilled whiles it is in force in a Limbeck in Maries-bath is singular
swim aboue the water and so you shall sunder them one after another without breaking of them and thus hauing freed them one of another you shall plant them along thâ— sayd wall some three foot from it and foure foot euerie one from another and if thâ— earth neere vnto the wall be not so good as it ought you shall helpe it by such 〈◊〉 of batteling as hath beene spoken of and shall close vp all your care about thâ— plants so remoued with watering them oâ—t The time to sow them is about 〈◊〉 Aprill or in the beginning or else earlier if the Spring-time begin earlier the Indians and Spaniards sow it in Autumne As concerning his vertues seeing it is hot and drie in the second degree as his biting and sharpe kind of tast doth declare we cannot doubt but that it is good to cleanse and resolue as also good for the effecting of the things which â—t hath beene tried to haue wrought that is to say for the healing of the Noli me tangere all old wounds and inueterate and cancred vlcers hurts ringâ— wormes and exulcerated seabs what maligne qualitie soeuer is in them Kings euill clouds of the eyes conlusions impostumes stingings of liuing creatures rednesâ—e of the face and many other accidents which we will runne ouer hereafter particularly But in respect of the verâ—â—es thereof the best and most to be esteemed part are the leaues and for want of them the seed though it haue no such vertue as the leaues the leaues thereof are vsed either as they are greene at the time of their ripenesse or being kept drie in the time of Winter or in powder when they are dried and made in powder as for the way to keepe them we will speake thereof hereafter And to speake particularly of the effects of Nicotiana The cold and windie paine of the head armes and legges will be holpen if you lay vpon the griefe oftentimes the greene leaues of Petum somewhat dried ouer the fire the tooth-ach is stayed by rubbing the teeth with a linnen cloth that hath beene dipt in the juice of the said shearbe and by putting into the tooth a pill of the leaues of the same hearbe The wounds of the armes legges and other parts of the bodie how old soeuer they be will be throughly siccatrized if you wash them first with white wine or vrine and afterward wipe them verie cleane with a linnen cloth and by and by after put thereupon one or two greene leaues well stamped with the juice or the juice alone and vpon it some fine white Linâ— or white linnen cloth continuing the same daily vnto the end of the cure and if you haue no greene leaues take drie ones and powder them and put of this powder into the wounds after you haue washt them as hath beene said and wiped them with cleane linnen The Indians vse it to comfort the feeble not digesting stomach first rubbing it with oyle oliue and then applying thereupon one or two leaues somewhat dried and made pale ouer the fire it is in vse also among the Indian Canibals against poyson wherewith they vse to annoint their arrows when they go to shoot and this poyson will kill by and by if bloud be but drawne for when they go to warre they carrie in one Harts foot of that poyson and in another of the juice of Petuum to remedie the mischiefe and if they haue no greene they carrie drie with them and so soone as they haue applied it to the wound they account themselues out of all danger of death how great soeuer the wound be This remedie was tried by the Indian Câ—nibals by reason of a battell where they were hurt in a prouince called Sauinam and as their custome was to cure their poysoned wounds with sublimate so they not finding store thereof sufficient were made to applie vnto their wounds the juice drawne out of the leaues of this hearbe which shortly after tooke away the paine and venime thereof and so they became whole the proofe of this thing hath also beene made in Spaine sundrie times and amongst others by the Catholicke King himselfe who to make triall of this hearbe caused the wound of a dogge to be rubbed with sublimate and then presently after to be applied the juice of Petum together with the substance and all This same remedie may serue against the bitings of mad dogges so that it be vsed within a quarter of an houre after The decoction of the leaues boyled in water and made into a syrope with sugar or into a â—uleb or Apozeme and taking euerie morning the quantitie of two or three ounces remedieth the difficultie of breath old â—ough so that the partie before he vse this decoction haue beene vniuersally purged by some purgatiue medicine the â—uice and drosse of the said leaues stamped in a mortar doth open the obstructions of the spleene and softeen the hardnesse of the same applied vnto the region of the â—pleene in the morning for want of the leaues the powder may be applied being 〈◊〉 with some oyntment appropriat vnto such diseases The same remedie serueth â—or the paine of the stomach the paine of the bellie and the colicke as also such other griefes comming of coldnesse and windinesse being applied warme and vsed ofâ—entimes till at length the paines be asswaged It is not of the least seruice for the paynes of the matrix the said leaues applied vnto the nauell in manner aforesayd as also if the fume thereof be put into the nose of a woman grieued with the 〈◊〉 of the Mother This is the reason why the women that are subject vnto the disease of the Mother should haue the same alwaies readie Some hold it for a â—â—â—gular remedie against the gowt to chaw euerie morning fasting the leaues of 〈◊〉 because it voydeth great quantitie of flegme out at the mouth hindering the 〈◊〉 from falling vpon the joynts which is the verie cause of the gowt If you 〈◊〉 the leaues amongst hot embers for some space and alterward taking them forth 〈◊〉 them without shaking off the ashes from them vnto his bellie that hath 〈…〉 drunke much you shall asâ—wâ—ge his swelling fulnesâ—e and keepe him from 〈◊〉 The juice of the leaues of Nicotiana stamped clarified and mixt with 〈◊〉 sugar of the forme of a syrope being taken in the morning killeth and casteth 〈◊〉 wormes but therewithall you must lay vpon the parties nauâ—ll some of the 〈◊〉 bruised stamped in a mortar and wrapped in a linnen cloth and let it be presently after he hath taken a clyster of milke and sugar All aches of the joynes 〈…〉 a cold cause all swellings tumours and impostumes comming likewâ—â—e of cold and windie causes all kiâ—es on childrens heeles as also exceeding great itches are 〈◊〉 led by applying the leaues of Petum The juice of Petum layed vpon a 〈◊〉 carbuncleo how pestilent oâ— venimous
not first steept a â—ight in Endiue or Succorie water with a verie little white wine and in the morning â—straining of it to drinke the liquor strained from it The way to prepare it is on this manner You must take the weight of a dramme or a dramme and a halfe or two drammes more or lesâ—e according to the disposition of the bodie the aptnesse of it to purge and the age and strength of him to whome you giue it and afterward beat it in a mortar and make it into powder neither too grose nor too fine then afterward put this powder in three ounces of white Wine when there is no Ague or water or the decoction or broth of Endiue or Succorie or of a Chicken or some other such liquor which is meet and fit for the present disease as in the water of Betonie for the head-ach or in the water of Mother-wort for the diseases of the Matrix and so forth of others afterward the next morning you must drinke it the liquor and powder all together there may further at your pleasure anie syrrup that you will be mixed therewith if so be you know it meet and conuenient for the disease in hand It is true that we haue often proued namely that it endureth no mixture of syrrups or such other things no nor of Cinnamon if the ill disposednesse of the stomacke doe not require it for in such mixtures it maketh no operation and therefore it is better to take it altogether simple It may be giuen also in infusion when we desire to take away the obstructions of the spleene or â—â—iuer in sleeping all night the powder thereof grossely beat as we commaund to be done with Rubarbe in some wine or liquor fit and appropriate afterward straining it the next day in the morning and giuing the liquor onely wherein it was infused to drinke but in this case the quantitie of the powder must be encreased vntill it come to three or foure drammes for otherwise it will worke no effect in as much as experience hath taught vs that the purging qualitie of this root lyeth not so much in the subtle parts thereof as in the substance Which thing Mesues may seeme to haue â—ound likewise in Rubarbe of the East when he wisheth vs to take two drammes onely of Rubarbe in substance and the double in infusion This thing may happen vnto this root and to that Rubarbe of the East vpon their longer staying in the stomacke being taken in substance than in infusion and thereupon make a stronger and a longer continuance of their purging This powder may be also prepared in another manner as namely by making Marchpanes of the said powder with stamped Almonds and Sugar which will be verie fit to purge young children after a gentle manner There may pilles also be made of this powder which may be as small as Coriander seedes to the end they may be the sooner dissolued within the stomacke and not stay long there to heat it or else they may be made greater when there is anie purpose that the said powder should draw from the ioints and outward places The commodities and benefits that rise of the vse of this root are that it may be taken at all times It is not loathsome to the tast nor horrible to the smell neither yet hath it anie displeasing colour vnto all which the other purgatiues for the most part 〈◊〉 more or lesse subiect It procureth not anie loathing vnto the stomacke it causeth not anie wringings in the bellie neither prouoketh it anie vomit It purgeth so gently as that it worketh not anie weaknesse or relaxation or anie other such passion vnto the stomack it resolueth not or looseneth the naturall power neither doth it trouble or put the bodie to paine but contrariwise it maketh it strong lustie as though indeed it were no purgatiue or medicine but a familiar acceptable thing to our nature which thing falleth not out ordinarily in other medicines so that young children old folke and all such as haue taken anie great checke and dislike at other mediciâ—â— may safely pleasantly and profitably take and vse this It is true that before it be taken it will be needfull to prepare and digest the â—â—mour that is to be euacuated attenuating and making thinne and small the same because it is cold and clammie and opening the passages after the counsell of Hiâ—â—â—crates with Clysters and other conuenient meanes for otherwise the powder prâ—â—â—teth nothing as we see it fall out euerie day in such as vse it rashly and without pâ—â—paration and so also with them the thing that of it selfe is verie good doth 〈…〉 name but against all right and equitie seeing it worketh good and laudable effects being taken the bodie first prepared When it is taken the partie must keepe himselfe from cold wind much eating or drinking and other excesse he may sleepe 〈◊〉 houre presently after he hath taken it but not after that it beginneth to worke thâ—â— is no need for him to take anie broth two or three houres after he hath taken it 〈◊〉 is so worthie a medicine that it causeth not anie paine in the guts The day following if the bellie be bound you must procure it to stoole by Clysters or otherâ—â—â—â— and put case it hath not sufficiently purged you must then goe ouer it againe so 〈◊〉 as till it hath wrought your wished intent As concerning the symptomes or accidents which may follow the taking of it they are easily reformed although 〈◊〉 the greater part of them grow rather of the qualities of the humours or of the 〈◊〉 dispositions of the bodies of them that take it than of anie maligne qualitie in the root it selfe For as for vomiting that may come by reason of the stomacke beinâ— easie and inclined to vomit as hauing a verie sensible orifice or of the oboundaâ—â—â— of superfluities and fretting humors contained in the same rather than of the powâ—â—der which doth strengthen and comfort the stomacke by his astringencie notwithstanding it shall not be amisse to meet with this vomiting to put into the infusionâ—â— this powder a little Cinnamon It is held for certaine that if anie be desirous to 〈◊〉 the working excessine or not excessiue of this powder that he needeth but take 〈◊〉 small quantitie of broth and the eating of it will stay the attraction of the medicinâ— although I haue proued this not to be alwaies true I further confesse that it leaâ—â—â— some heat and drinesse behind it when it hath wrought which appeareth by 〈◊〉 great alteration that is remaining but this is no other thing than that which 〈◊〉 purging medicines likewise haue for they being all of them hot doe shew themselues therein but this heat may easily be corrected by the mingling of cold things Suppose likewise that such heat may as soone come of the hot and drie humor 〈…〉 happeneth in hot burning Agues
aboâ—â—dantly The best season either to sow or plant it is in the Spring time and it endureâ—h manie yeares without aid or replanting all parts of it is verie medicinall both the root stalke leaues and flowers The water distilled of this hearbe is good againâ—â— all Venimes or Poyson taken into the stomacke and also against all inward infection Itch Byles or Vlcers Then is Agrimonie of which we haue spoken 〈◊〉 Then Serpentar which is so called through the likelyhood it beareth of a 〈◊〉 and of it there are two kinds one great the other small It desireth a verie good earth and somewhat moist and may be sowne or planted in the Spring time The roots of this hearbe is excellent for all malignant Vlcers a decoction of the 〈◊〉 thereof is good for Womens termes and the leaues thereof keepeth Cheese long from rotting Then Onos which will grow in anie earth and rather in a barren 〈◊〉 a fertile and is best to be set of the root either in the Spring time or in 〈◊〉 It is soueraigne against the Stone and prouoketh Vrine speedily and a decoctioâ— of the roots thereof taketh away the paine in the teeth Then Cinquefoile which groweth almost in euerie place and may be planted in anie season the decoction 〈◊〉 it being gargled or held long in the mouth taketh away the paine of the teeth and heales anie Vlcer in the mouth it is also good against anie Infection or pestilâ—â— Ayre Then Sellodnie of which wee haue spoken before Then Staphiâ—â—â—â— which desireth a good ground yet euer to be planted in the shadow and that prâ—â—cipally about the Spring time It is good against paine in the Teeth 〈◊〉 and other Obstructions which grow from cold causes Then Goats leafe which will grow euerie where if it be not annoyed with wind and may be sowne or planted either in the Spring or in Autumne and is exceeding good for the stone Then ground Iuie of which we haue spoken before Then Tussilago or Colts foot which groweth best in watrie of moist places and would euer be planted in the Spring time or 〈◊〉 Autumne it is verie good against infection and against all straitnesse of breath 〈◊〉 the smoake or fume thereof being taken through a small tunnell in at the mouth 〈◊〉 cureth all infirmities of the lungs Then Salicaria or Lifimachus which receiued the name from the King Lisimachus who first made vse of that hearbe it loueth to be planted neere vnto Riuers either in the Spring time or in Winter it is good against the Dissenteria or to staunch bloud either being vsed in the leafe or in powder Lastly Vlmaria which loueth to be planted in low and shadowie valleyes a great 〈◊〉 more moist than drie and would be planted chiefely in Autumne The decoction 〈◊〉 it purgeth and cleanseth the bodie of all flegme whether it be sharpe or grosse it helpeth the Falling sicknesse the powder either of the roots or the leaues stayeth 〈◊〉 flux of the bellie or the issue of bloud and the distilled water easeth all paines both inward and outward Those hearbes which affect the North and delight to endure the blasts and â—â—â—pings of those colder ayres are first Gentiana of which we haue spoken before Thâ—â— Cabaret or Asarum which neuer groweth so well from the seed as from the plant 〈◊〉 asketh little cost in tillage and beareth flowers twice a yeare that is to say both 〈◊〉 the Spring and in Autumne it cureth the paine in the head and assuâ—geth the inflammation and anguish of sore eies it is good against Fistulaes the Gout and Sciâ—â—ticaes The powder of the root prouoketh Vrine and stayeth the menstruall Flux 〈◊〉 helpeth the Dropsie and putteth away both the Feauer tertian and quartane Then the Golden rod which onely groweth from the seed and would be planted in a good soyle in the Spring time it is good against the Stone or Strangurie it bindeth vp Vlcers and healeth Fistulaes Then the hearbe which is called Deuils-bit it desireth but an indifferent earth rather moist than drie and where the Seed often sayâ—eth there the Plant neuer doth if it be set in the Spring time It is good against bitâ—er griefes as those which proceed from choler and against pestilent tumors against â—ice in childrens heads and such like Then Betonie of which we haue spoken beâ—ore Then Harts-tongue which onely groweth best from the root it is to be planâ—ed in the moneths of March and Aprill in a fat earth yet the moister the better it helpeth all oppilations and cureth those which are troubled with a quartane Feauer Then the hearbe Dogges-tongue which desireth a light blacke mould yet but reaâ—onably tilled it may be sowne or planted in the Spring time it is good to cure the Hemorrhoids and easeth all Ach in the limbes Then Serpents-tongue which must â—uer be placed in a rich earth coole and moist for it can by no means endure the heat of the Summer it is best to be planted from the root in the first beginning of the Spring there is in it much vertue for the resoluing of Tumors and helping of Scalâ—ings or Burnings or other malignant Vlcers or anie inflammations in the Eyes Then water Germander which delighteth most in cold grounds enclining more to â—oisture than drinesse and rather fat than leane it flourisheth most in the moneths of Iune and Iuly yet in such sort that the flowers continue not aboue a day at most â—or as one falls away another rises it is best to be planted from the root or slippe 〈◊〉 the moneths of Februarie or March it is soueraigne against all manner of Poyâ—ons as Pestilence or the Dissenteria it prouoketh Vrine and the termes of Women it cleanseth Vlcers and reuiueth all benummed members Then Tormenâ—ill or Septifolium which loueth a darke waterish and shadowed earth yet that which is verie fat and â—ertile it is alwaies to be sowne from the seed either in the Spring time or in Autumne it is soueraigne against the Stone but chiefely it cuâ—eth Fistulaes and old Vlcers it withstandeth Poyson and easeth the paine of the Teeth Then Enula Campane of which we haue spoken before Then Persicaria which is oftest planted from the root in the Spring time in grounds which are rather moist than drie The decoction of this hearbe cureth all manner of bruises in Beasts where the bone is not broken onely by bathing them therein Also the flesh of Mutâ—ons Beeues Veales and such like is kept fresh manie daies by the vertue of this herbe â—nely being wrapped about the same Then Lyons foot which will not liue but in 〈◊〉 good earth fat and fertile yet somewhat moist and is best to be sowne in the â—oneths of March or Aprill it hath an excellent vertue for the healing of ruptures 〈◊〉 young children Then Eringo which craueth a good and well tilled ground and â—ay be sowne or planted either in the Spring or in Autumne it is good against the Collicke against Grauell or the
difficultie of Vrine it strengtheneth the Reines â—nd healeth the bitings of venimous beasts The distilled water thereof is good aâ—ainst both quotidian and quartane Feauers it helpeth the French disease and stopâ—eth salt humors Then lastly Feniculus Porcinus which delighteth a great deale â—ore in the shade than in the Sunne-shine it would be sowne or planted either in 〈◊〉 Spring time or in Autumne it comforteth much the sinewes and strengtheneth â—eake backes To conclude those hearbes which affect the South is first the blessed Thistle of â—hich we haue spoke before Then Veruaine of which there be two sorts the male â—nd the female both desire to be planted from the roots in good ground either in the â—pring or in Autumne This hearbe is of great reputation especially amongst the â—omanes who vse if continually amongst their Inchantments it taketh away the â—aine of the Teeth and it healeth anie old Vlcer it is good against anie Feaâ—er easeth the paine of the Collicke and expelleth Grauell Then Saxifrage which is of two sorts the great and the lesse they may be sowne or planted in anie good ground which is fat and light in the moneth of March The chiefest 〈◊〉 of this hearbe is to breake the Stone prouoke Vrine helpe womens Termes and 〈◊〉 driue away all euill humours out of the Stomacke Then Pionie of which wee 〈◊〉 spoken before Then Hermole or the Turkes hearbe which loueth a fat blacke and drie mould it may be either planted or sowne The vertue of this hearbe 〈◊〉 to make one to hold his Vrine the powder of it being taken either in Broth or 〈◊〉 white Wine Then Acanthus or Brankvrsine is an hearbe which the auncient Aâ—chitects were wont to carue infolding and imbracing their Columnes or Pyllastâ—â— of the Corinthian fashion Whence it came that the Romanes of auncient 〈◊〉 did call it Marmoralia because such Pillars commonly were of Marble It is 〈◊〉 be sowne in the moneths of March or Aprill in a well tilled Garden his 〈◊〉 are good against the Stone and stay the flux of the bellie Then Aristolochia 〈◊〉 both kinds of which wee haue spoken before Then Perforatio which is so called from the affection that it beareth to the Sunne it may be sowne in the Spring 〈◊〉 in anie light earth The seed of this hearbe beaten to powder and drunke in 〈◊〉 Wine cureth a tertian Feauer and easeth those which are troubled with the 〈◊〉 or Sciatica if the powder of it be cast vpon Vlcers it also healeth them and the decoction of the leaues thereof prouoketh Vrine exceedingly Then Arum 〈◊〉 also delighteth in a good Soyle rather moist than drie it flourisheth most in Iune and the leaues thereof are like the leaues of Millet and when it is in the prime 〈◊〉 hath a yellow colour like vnto Saffron it is to be sowne onely in the moneth of March This hearbe is verie soueraigne against the Gout and driueth away 〈◊〉 flegmaticke humours if it be bruised it cureth old Vlcers and all wounds or â—â—tings giuen by the Wolfe the leaues boyled in Wine helpeth bruises and displaced members or bones out of ioint it helpeth the Hemorrhoids also Then 〈◊〉 of which we haue spoke before Then Carline which tooke the name from Charlâ—â— the great King of France who by the vse of it onely cured himselfe of the Plaguâ— it loueth a drie stonie ground and where it may haue the strength of the Sunnâ— beames it must be sowne in the Spring time or else planted from the root 〈◊〉 powder of this hearbe being drunke chaseth away all infection and prouokâ—â— Vrine it is good against all Conuulsions and being made into a Cataplasme â—â—â—tifieth and strengtheneth the heart if it be steeped or mixed well with vineger 〈◊〉 easeth either the Gout or the Sciatica being applyed vnto the place grieued Thâ— little Germander which differeth not much from water Germander onely it â—â—ueth a drie and stonie earth and rather a hot than a cold it loueth the 〈◊〉 beames and is rather to be planted from the root than sowne from the seed 〈◊〉 in the Spring time or in Autumne it is good against infection and helpeth 〈◊〉 Feauers it helpeth the Epilepsis paine in the head and anie other griefes of 〈◊〉 braine it cureth Conuulsions the Gout and warmeth the entrailes Then Nicâ—â—â—ana or Tabacco of which wee haue spoken before Then Peper which must 〈◊〉 planted immediately after Winter in a well tilled earth and endureth long in Gâ—â—dens without anie helpe of transplanting Then Camomill which is of three 〈◊〉 differing onely in the colours of their flowers for the one is white the other yellâ—â— and the third purple It loueth an earth cold and drie it is best planted from 〈◊〉 root or slippe either in Autumne or the Spring time it loueth to be oft troden 〈◊〉 or pressed downe and therefore is most placed in Alleyes Bankes or Seats in 〈◊〉 Garden It is good against a tertian Feauer and the bath which is made 〈◊〉 strengtheneth much weake members and comforteth the sinewes both of the 〈◊〉 and legges it comforteth also the reines The water thereof also distilled is 〈◊〉 good for the same purposes and the iuice thereof mixed with womans 〈◊〉 Rosewater and the iuice of Housleeke warmed and a Rose-cake steeped 〈◊〉 with a Nutmeg grated on it and so applyed vnto the temples of the head â—keth away all paine therein how violent soeuer it be Diuers other hearbes 〈◊〉 be which are of like natures to these alreadie rehearsed but from the experience 〈◊〉 these a reasonable iudgement may find how to plant nourish and vse anie whatsoeuer There be also diuers purgatiue Simples as Rhubarbe Agaricke and such like which for as much as our Soyles will not endure or beare them I will here omit to speake of them onely a word or two of the hearbe Sene which is somewhat more frequent with vs and is of that delicate holesome and harmelesse nature in his working and operation that it may be tearmed the Prince or Head of Simples Then touching Sene you shall vnderstand that it beareth little small thicke leaues vpon a high large stalke it hath flowers of the colour of gold with diuers purple veines running vpon them Some take the Hearbe which Theophrastus writeth of called Colutea to be Sene but they are deceiued therein for the one is a Tree and no Hearbe and the other is an Hearbe and no Tree besides diuers other differences needlesse here to repeat all which are at large see downe by Anthonie Mirauld Doctor of Physicke and a Bourbonois in his booke intituled Maison Champestre It may be planted either from the stalke or root like Rosemarie in anie good fertile and drie soyle where it may haue the full reflection of the Sunne and the season best and fittest for the same plantation is at the later end of Autumne As touching the choice of the best Sene that hath euer the best reputation which is brought from Alexandria in Syria as
of the colour in this case you shall distill your vinegar either in a Limbecke or other ordinarie Still and with the water which commeth from it which will be of a most pure and chrystaline colour and is indeed the spirit and sharpest part of the vinegar you shall preserue your flowers and then without doubt they will not abate any part at all of their owne brightnesse and colour White yellow and red Gillo-flowres do craue the like ordering that the March Violet doth and grow better vpon walls house tops and old ruines of stone than planted or tilled in gardens especially the yellow which come neerer to the resemblance of a shrub than of an hearbe hauing hard and wooddy stalkes and set full of branches commonly called of Apothecaries Keyâ—y The seed of Gillo-flowres stampt and drunke with white wine is soueraigne to prouoke womens termes and to further deliuerance in them that trauell Daisies must not be sowen but planted after the manner of violets this is the least kind of the 〈◊〉 which is likewise found in the fields without being tilled it flourisheth all the yeare long if it be well ordered Daisies stampt with Mugwort resolueth the King-euill A Cataplaâ—me made of Daisies is good for the palsie and all manner distillations For wounds in the brest whereinto tents may be put it is good to dâ—inke by and by a drinke made of stamped Daisies they heale the pastules of the tongue if they be chewed as also of the mouth being braied they asswage the inflammation of the priuie members eaten in sallades or broth of flesh they loosen the bellie Purple Veluet flower called in Latine Aramanthus doth recreate more with his colour than with any smell that it hath for it smelleth nothing at all notwithstanding who so will haue it in their gardens must plant it in a drie and sandie place The flower supt in pottage doth stay the flux of the bellie the termes and white flowers of vvomen the spitting of bloud especially if there be any veine broken or bruised in the lungs of brest The flower hereof infused in vvater or white vvine the space of an houre maketh the colour of the wine red and thus one may helpe himselfe the more easily to beguile any that are sicke of some ague and cannot abstaine from Wine Canterburie-bells as well the simple as the double require a fat ground and well inriched The Latines call it Viola Calathiana Their â—lowers mingled with Wheat flower make a good Cataplasme against scuruinesse and other sorts of scabbes likewise their roots boyled in white Wine to the consumption of the halfe and a linnen cloth dipped therein and applyed to scabbes and scuruinesse doth heale them the roots boyled in Wine and taken in a potion doe heale all the ruptures of the inward parts of the bodies doe cleanse the exulcerated lungs and spitting of bloud brayed and ground in manner of meale and drunke in Wine the weight of a French Crowne with two or three graines of Saffron are singular good against the jaundise if the partie sweat thereupon presently the like vertue is in the distilled water of the flowers the juice drawne out of their root and flowers applyed vnto wounds doth heale them presently a pessarie drencht in this juice prouoketh womens termes and draweth out the child dead in the mothers vvombe being dropt into the eare whereinto there hath some Flea or such other vermine crept it killeth them Gillo-flowres of all sorts are seldome sowne but oftentimes planted of roots or braunches pluckt from the plants the root shall be planted in the beginning of Autumne in a fat mould and so put in pots of earth thâ—t it may be remoued and set vnder some couert in Winter for feare of the frosts Sommer being come before the great plant haue cast forth his sprouts you may breake off so many small branches from about the root as will almost serue to set and plant a whole bed withall and so you may breed new plants of them You may make Gillo-flowers smell like Cloues if you lay bruised Cloues round about their roots In like manner you may make them haue faire flowers large pleasant and sweet smelling if you plucke away their leaues often and take paines to digge and water their earth furthermore such Gillo-flowers are commonly called Gillo-flowers of Prouence of the place where Gillo-flowers so ordered doe grow large tufted and ample those which haue not their flowers so large nor so sweet neither yet are so carefully looked vnto and dressed are properly called Purple Gillo-flowers The flowers of Gillo-flowers of Prouence as also their root are soueraigne against the Plague And for this cause such as are well aduised in the time of the Plague 〈◊〉 make conserues or vinegar of the flowers of Gillo-flowers to keepe themselues 〈◊〉 the euill ayre Indian Gillo-flowers called of the Latines Flos petillius and Ocellus 〈◊〉 although it refuse no ground notwithstanding if you plant it of the whole plant or of the branches thereof or else sow it in a fat and wel manured ground especially in the beginning of Iuly it will grow vnto such a height as that it will seeme to be a thing degenerated into the bignesse of a tree and will put forth of his stalke many boughâ— after the manner of a tree or shrub and by the same meanes there will put 〈◊〉 flowers induring vntill Winter Who will be counted carefull of preseruing his health must not smell vnto the flower of the Gillo-flowers of India for the smell thereof doth procure head-ach and giddinesse and is a meanes to breed the Falling-sicknesse further also which is more dangerous some haue found it by experience that it ingendreth an infectious aire likewise Physitians giue speciall prohibition to smell vnto the Indian Gillo-flower in the Plague time because the flower thereof is venimous and of temperate much like to the Hemlocke which may easily be perceiued by the vnpleasant smell it yeeldeth being both most strong and stinking That it is so namely that 〈◊〉 is venimous I haue giuen thereof sometimes vnto a Cat the flower the Gillo-flowres of India beaten and mixt with cheese to eat and she hath thereupon become verie much swelled and within a short time after dead I saw likewise a little young child who after hauing put these flowers in his mouth his mouth and lips did swell and within a day or two after became verie scabbed Wild Gillo-flowers as well white as red although they grow in the edges of fieldâ— and along the waies may notwithstanding be planted and set in gardens where 〈◊〉 they be oft remoued they will grow to haue a double flowre Their seed flower and whole hearbe is good against the stinging of Scorpions and indeed haue so greâ—â— vertue this way that the hearbe onely cast among Scorpions taketh from them all power to hurt their seed taken
Aprill steepe the same plants in the lees of red Wine vntill they 〈◊〉 prettily well coloured as being become red when you take them out afterward 〈◊〉 them in prettie pits contriued in good order and water them sufficiently with 〈◊〉 said lees for by this meanes the flowers that will come of them will be purple â—â—loured You shall likewise haue young and fresh Lillies all the yeare long if 〈◊〉 they be open you gather them and after close them vp in some bottell or well 〈◊〉 vessell that so they may come by no ayre Or else close them vp in some oaken vessel well pitched so that there can no vvater get in and after sinke the vessell in 〈◊〉 Well Cesterne or running vvater for so they will keepe young and fresh 〈…〉 yeare And if at any time during the whole yeare you would vse them set them in the Sunne that so by the heat thereof they may open And to the end that Lillies 〈◊〉 flower at many times when you set their roots you shall set some of twelue 〈◊〉 within the ground others eight and some foure for thus you shall still haue 〈◊〉 Lillies for a long time A Cataplasme made with the Onion of the roots of Lillies Hogs-grease and 〈◊〉 oyle of Cammomile doth maturate and ripen Buboes An oyntment made of 〈◊〉 said roots oyle of bitter Almonds and white Wax hath singular vertue to 〈◊〉 and smoth the face and to take away the vvrincles of vvomens faces The vvater 〈◊〉 Lillies distilled out of an Alembecke doth take away the vvrincles of vvomen 〈◊〉 and make them looke verie faire and white The root boyled or roasted in â—â—embers and stampt vvith oyle Oliue is a singular remedie against all sorts of burning as well of fire as vvater Being boyled vvith Garleeke and stampt in the 〈◊〉 of red Wine cleareth vvomens faces and countenances vvhich haue but ill coloâ—â—â— after their lying in bed if they besmeare their faces therewith at nights and in the morning wash them with Barlie vvater This root roasted and stamped with 〈◊〉 Swines-grease and applied to the cornes of the feet doth wholly spend them 〈◊〉 they be kept thereto but three whole daies together the distilled vvater of the flowers with a little Saffron and sweet Zylocaâ—sia helpeth vvomen in child-birth and deliuereth them also of their after-birth the oyle that is made of the flowers by infusion is good to soften all manner of hardnesse in swellings or otherwise if 〈◊〉 chafe the priuie parts with oyle of Linseed and applie Wooll vvet in these 〈◊〉 vpon the bellie Women which are in trauell of child-birth will find great ease 〈◊〉 the same Small Paâ—â—ces otherwise called Autumne Violets desire a drie and 〈◊〉 place they are to be planted in the Spring time and beare flowers continuing 〈◊〉 Autumne yea to Winter if so be they be oft watered and carefully handled The leaues or juice of small Paunces taken at the mouth or applied outwardly are 〈◊〉 good to conglutinate wounds the leaues of small Paunces boyled and 〈◊〉 doe stay the Falling-sicknesse in children when they froth and some the same flowers boyled with their hearbes and drunke doe cleanse the lungs and breast and 〈◊〉 good for inward inflammations The leaues dried and made in powder and 〈◊〉 with red Wine to the quantitie of halfe a spoonefull haue great force to stay the 〈◊〉 downe of the fundament The Helitropian is a certaine flower which hath such a loue and sympathie with 〈◊〉 Sunne that as his beames rise and spread open in the morning like a Curtaine 〈◊〉 the hearbe also openeth her leaues and glories and as it were attending vpon 〈◊〉 beames her flower riseth as he riseth and when the Sunne is in his Meridian or â—oone point then the flower standeth and looketh straight vpright and as the â—unne declineth so it likewise declineth and in the euening as hee shutteth in his â—eames so it also closeth vp her flowers and remaineth as it were hid and lockt vp 〈◊〉 the next morning This Helitropian neuer beareth on one stalke aboue one flowâ—â—â— but it is exceeding large and great being euer at least halfe a foot in the diameter 〈◊〉 is round and â—lat fashioned and enuironed with yellow leaues of a bright golden 〈◊〉 it groweth also vpon a great thicke stalke straight vpright and high from 〈◊〉 ground it beareth also verie manie seeds which as soone as they are ripe are like Marigold seeds white rough and semiciâ—cled The best time to sow it is in the â—pring time at the wane of the Moone and it is verie quicke and speedie in growâ—â—g The greatest glorie it hath is the beautie thereof yet it hath all those vertues â—hich the Marigold hath and cureth the same inâ—irmities Contrarie to this is the flower of the Night which is verie memorable for the 〈◊〉 faire flowers which it beareth It is therefore called the flower of the Night 〈◊〉 at the Sunnes rising it shuts vp her flowers and at his setting spreads them open 〈◊〉 and so flourisheth with great beautie all the night long his flowers are of 〈◊〉 colours some white some red some carnation and some yellow some interâ—ixt and some entire insomuch that to behold it either in the morning or in the 〈◊〉 it lookes like a most fine piece of Arras or Tapistrie to the great wonder of 〈◊〉 beholders when they shall see so manie seuerall colours proceeding from one 〈◊〉 without anie artificiall labour or other sophistication It is to be planted or 〈◊〉 in the moneth of March when the Moone is encreasing the ground being 〈◊〉 and rich and well tilled and ordered before hand Tulipan is a Plant which growes about two or three foot from the ground and 〈◊〉 a verie faire flower yet commonly not before it be three yeares old it deâ—ighteth to grow neere vnto the Flower-de-luce and would be planted soone after Winter in the new of the Moone The first yeare it putteth forth but one leafe verie â—arge and of a greene colour the second yeare it putteth forth two leaues and the â—hird yeare three leaues together with the knob or button which beareth the flower â—nd all long before the approaching of Winter as soone as the three leaues are â—prung vp which are euer neere vnto the earth the stemme shooteth vpward a good â—eight without leaues as smooth as a cudgell till it be come to his full growth Now of these Tulipans there are diuers kinds and are distinguished onely by the different â—olours of their flowers for some are white some red some blew some yellow some Orange some of a Violet colour and indeed generally of anie colour whatsoeuer â—xcept greene yet it is to be noted that these Tulipans which are thus of one enâ—â—re colour are but common and ordinarie for those which are most rare and preciâ—â—â— are of diuers colours mixt together and in semblance like the flower of the Night before spoken of Againe there
the said tooth-ach It is good also for them which haue the swimming of the head as also for them which are troubled with Melancholie or with the Stone Caâ—s-mint or Nept is a kind of Calamint whereof wee haue spoken before so called because that Cats doe exceedingly delight in the smell thereof and doe tumble themselues round vpon the leaues and stalkes it groweth without anie great husbanding in marshie and waterish places as may easily be seene and tryed It is reported to haue a singular vertue in helping women to conceiue In like manner Physitians are wont to prescribe Bathes and Fomentations made of this hearbe for women that cannot conceiue and haue children Also it is verie delicately purgatiue and openeth the bodie verie gently without offence or danger aftercoâ—â—iâ—enesse French Lauander being and hearbe of a verie good smell and verie vsuall in Languâ—doâ— and Prouence doth craue to be diligently tilled in a fat ground and lying open to the Sunne The decoction syrrup or distilled water doth comfort the braine and memorie taketh away the obstructions of the Liuer Spleene Lungs and Matrix but such as are cholericke must not vse it because it disquieteth them mightily in causing them to vomit and altering them much by bringing a heat vpon all the bodie The drie stonie and Sunne-shining place is verie fit for Lauander whether male or female Before it flower it must be cut and picked verie carefully It is of a sweet smell and good when it is dryed to put amongst Linnens and Woollen Clothes â—mparting of his sweetnesse vnto them and keeping of them from vermine It is verie excellent to comfort weake and wearied sinewes or otherwise ill affected through some cold cause and by reason hereof Baths and Fomentations made of Lauander for Palsies Conuulsions Apoplexies and other such like affects are verie soueraigne The flowers with Cinnamon Nutmeg and Cloues doe heale the beating of the heart The distilled water of the flowers taken in the quantitie of two spoonefuls restoreth the lost speech and healeth the swownings and disease of the heart The consâ—rue and distilled water thereof doe the like The Oyle thereof dryeth vp Rheumes also and beeing annoynted vpon the nape of the necke it is singular good against conuulsions and benummednesse of sinewes All-good otherwise called in French Orualle because it is as much worth as gold groweth in anie ground without seed and with seed it delighteth notwithstanding to be often watered The leaues stamped and applyed doe draw forth thornes and prickes that are fastened and runne into anie part of the bodie whatsoeuer It doth in like manner bring the child out of the mothers bodie being in trauell The wine wherein it hath been steeped in small quantitie doth make men pleasant and cheerefull and apt to carnall copulation The seed thereof put into the eye and turned manie times round about the eye doth cleanse and cleare it in wiping away the â—â—egmaticke humour wherewith you shall well perceiue the seed to be laden and aâ— it were wrapt in small filmes after that it is taken out of the eyes The flowerâ— and seed put in a vessell full of sweet Wine whiles it yet purgeth giueth it the tast of Malmesey It is true that such Wine will quickly make one drunke and cause the head-ach as we see that Beere doth wherein Brewers boyle Clarie in stead of Hoppes Nigella of the Garden must be sowne in a ground that is fat and well tilled The fume of the seed taken doth stay the rheume drie the braine and causeth the smelling that is lost to come againe boyled with water and vineger and holden in the mouth it assuageth tooth-ach Sweet Balme groweth rather in Woods and Forests than in Gardens notwithstanding he that will haue it in his Garden must sow it in a fat and well battild ground where the heat of the Sunne commeth not verie strongly It serueth to reioyce the heart and deliuereth the spirit from melancholike imaginations and fansies it is good not onely against bitings and stingings of venimonâ— beasts but also against the Plague in whatsoeuer manner it be vsed And further if anie man doubt himselfe to haue eaten anie venimous or poysoned meat as it falleth out often in them which haue eaten Mushromes and such like things then this serueth for a singular remedie against the same Such as esteeme it a fine thing to keepe Bees to the end he may preuent their flying away and forsaking of their Hiues as also to cause them to come againe if they be gone away doe rub the Hiues with the flowers of sweet Balme as on the contrarie to driue them and to cause them to forsake them they rub them with the flowers of Fetherfew Camomile as well the white as the yellow hath no need of great tilling it is sufficient to plant it in a drie leane and stonie ground Camomile is singular good to mollifie resolue raâ—ifie and loosen and in this respect there is no remedie better for laâ—â—itudes or wearisomenesse without iust outward causes than bathes made with the leaues and flowers thereof The leaues of Camomile stamped with white wine make a verie good drinke to cure all sorts of Agues but especially Tertians for which reason the Priests of Egypt did consecrate it vnto the Sunne Also the water of Camomile drunke warme in the beginning of the fit doth throughly heale the Tertian by vomit The leaues of Camomile yet greene being dryed vpon a Tyle or hot Fire-panne doe by and by appease the head-ach Being also fried with sweet Sewet and vnset Leekes in a Frying-paâ—â—e and put hot into a Linnen bagge and so applyed to the nauell it killeth Wormes either in old middle age or young infants and taketh away all manner of paine in the bellie Melilot refuseth no ground be it fat or be it drie and yet it loueth to be watered Melilot doth mollifie resolue and rarifie as doth Camomile and yeeldeth a verie good smell especially when it is new or when it raineth in Summer it also assuageth the ach of anie part or member whatsoeuer it be Also the â—uice thereof mixed with Turpentine Waxe and Oyle ripeneth breaketh and healeth anie Impostume whatsoeuer it taketh away all hard swelling and cleanseth wounds Manie men being verie desirous to adorne and set forth their Garden with all sorts of Plants doe amongst the rest prouide to furnish it with Apples of Loue which the Latines call Mala insana by reason of the beautie of their fruit which which is as thicke as a Cucumber drawing towards a red colour They must be sowne in the Spring in a fat and well battild soyle and where the Sun hath great power because they cannot abide any cold they craue the like ordering and husbandrie that the Cucumber doth Many licorish mouthes let not to be eating of these no more than of mushroomes they take
not halfe so much roome as the Borders Againe you may at your pleasure either within these Hedges or in the sâ—me Line wherein these Hedges grow plant all manner of Fruit trees or other Trees of anie curiositie whatsoeuer and within them you may plant your Gooseberrie 〈◊〉 Prouence Roses Muske Roses or anie other fruit or flower that growes shrub-wise or not aboue two or three foot aboue the earth So that whereas your Border containeth not anie thing but one entire hearbe as Prympe Boxe Hysope Lauander and such like by this manner of bordering which is to say with a Quickset Hedge you shall haue not onely all them but also all kind of fruits flowers and sweet smelling hearbs whatsoeuer besides they will keepe your Quarters and Knots in a great deale more safetie because they are not so easie to be runne ouer or broken downe either by man or beast as your other Borders of hearbes are Now for the making of these Quickset Hedges it is in this manner First you shall with fine small stakes cut to the length and proportions of your worke stake your Quarters about then with small poles bound to those stakes either with strong Wyar or Oziers but Wyar is the better make a Lattice-worke about two foot aboue the earth then with shorter poles and wands made plyant for your purpose fashion your battlements of what shape soeuer you please to haue them whether made plaine or pyllaster-wise or in semicircles or other proportions in such manner as you intend your Hedge shall grow and this done either in Autumne or the beginning of the Spring Alongst the bottome of this Hedge you shall set Prympe white Thorne Eglantine and sweet Bryer mixt together and as they shoot and grow vp so you shall wind and plash them within the Lattice-worke making them grow and couer the same euer and anon as need shall require either with your Sheeres or Hooke cutting them to that shape and proportion to which you first framed your Lattice-worke and this will in two or three yeares bring your Hedge vnto such perfection that besides the beautie thereof the defence will be so good that you shall not feare the harme that Dogges Swine or other Cattell may doe if at anie time they shall chance to breake into your Garden These Hedges are also verie excellent to set alongst your Alleyes or other Walkes and adde a great beautie thereunto There be some that make these Hedges onely of Oziers or small Sallowes planted crosse-wise or otherwise as your inuention pleaseth and these Hedges are good and beautifull and verie speedie in their growing but they are not of any very long continuances therefore except your ground be very moist the former Hedge is much the better Which that you may the better know how to make I will here set you downe the models of a couple of them by the example whereof you may at your pleasure make anie other proportion whatsoeuer and you shall also vnderstand that these two Models containe but the dead worke onely which is to be made of Poles or Wands and the Quickset to be planted close vnto it and so placed within the dead Lattice-worke as you may here perceiue CHAP. LI. Of the manner to keepe and preserue Hearbes either for the vse of the Pot or of Physicke or such as are of a sweet smell and sauour THe root of Elecampane is preserued after this sort When you haue taken vp the root in the moneth of October at such time as it is verie ripe you must first take away all the sand and earth which is about it with a rough Linnen Cloth or with a Strainer after that you must scrape it all ouer with a verie sharpe knife and according as the rootes are of bignesse to cleaue them in two three moe or lesse pieces of a fingers length and boyle them in a Brasse Cauldron with vineger and that in such sort as that the slices may not burne within the Cauldron Three daies after they must be dried in the Sunne and put into a new pot well pitched and cuted wine put vnto them and that so much as that they may be couered therewith and a good deale of Sauorie pressed downe vpon them and then the vessell close shut vp and couered well with leather Otherwise You must carefully looke that the rootes thereof be made verie cleane and then cut in two or three pieces of a fingers length then afterward for the space of a whole day together you must infuse them in water vpon hot embers and afterward boyle them with twice or thrice as much Honey or Sugar There may likewise conserue be made of the root of Elecampane after this manner Make verie cleane the roots of Elecampane as wee haue said and cut them in small slices infuse them a long time vpon hot embers in water and after to boile them so long as till they be tender â—odden then stampe them and straine them through a Linnen cloth or Strainer and in the end boyle them vp with thrice as much Honey or Sugar You may in like manner preserue and conserue manie other roots as Gentian Pionie Corne-flag wild Vine Parsneps Althaea or marsh Mallowes Turneps Carrets Radishes Naueâ—s Caraway Eringus and such other like all which will be the more pleasant if you put vnto the conserued or preâ—erued a little Cinnamon Lastly be it knowne that by this word confected preseruing or confection is to be vnderstood the remaining of the root or other thing whatsoeuer it is that is preserued or confected whole and by the word conserue or conserued is to be vnderstood that manner of ordering things whereby they are stamped and beaten verie small Purslaine is preserued in this manner Gather Purslaine before it haue cast the seed â—ake the tenderest stalkes thereof and the fullest of leaues from these you shall â—ake the roots and wash them throughly from the sand and earth that might hang about them afterward drie them a little euen so long as till you perceâ—ue them to begin to wither afterward put them vp handsomely in some Barrell or little Vessell of earth in manner of little Beds euerie Bed sufficiently couered with salt When the Barrell or Vessell shall be full powre thereinto a sufficient quantitie of Vineger or else one part of Veriuice and two of Vineger This being done set the Vessell in some drie place and not moist for feare that the preserue should smell anie thing of mustinesse and looke to it well that the Purslaine be continually couered ouer with the pickle And when you would vse it wash it first with warme water or wine afterward make it vp in Salads with Salad oyle After the same manner Samphire the â—proâ—ts of Asparagus Harts-horne Trick-madame Broome flowers the flowers of Capers Cucumbers Limons Oranges Plummes Peares and such like may be preserued Lettuce is preserued after this sort They take the stalkes of Lettuce cleane
sweet of smell and such as will neuer faile but alwaies hold and bring forth in their season besides that a man may fit the root and branchâ—â— thereof to make a shadow Such Roses are not good to make conserues or distilled water nor for anie vse in Physicke onely they are good to drie and put amongst Linnen and other Apparrell because of their good smell It is true that some say that they loosen the bellie Looke further in the third Booke in the Chapter of the speciall properties of Grafting and Planting To haue Roses that shall smell verie sweet you must plant your Rose-tree in a place that is verie drie or else to set it round about with Garlicke The Roses will come early if you make a little trench of some two hands wide round about the Rose-tree and therein powre warme water morning and euening and yet this must not be attempted before it begin to put forth his buds You shall doe the like if you place your Rose-tree in baskets or pots of earth and order them after the manner of timely Gourds and Cucumbers as hath beene taught before You may keepe new Roses in their liuelinesse if you put them in the lees of Oyle so as that the lees may swimme aboue them Others pull vp greene Barly roots and all wherein they wrap Roses as yet not blowne and so put them together in a 〈◊〉 that is not pitched The way to haue greene Roses is if you graft the Rose-tree vpon an old Colewort stalke or vpon the bodie of an Oake but then the Roses will 〈◊〉 no smell You may make the Carnation Rose white if you perfume it with Brimstone 〈◊〉 such time as it beginneth to spread You may haue Roses of a yellow colour if after you haue planted the Rose-tree vvith his naturall earth neere vnto the broome you bore through the broome stalke vvith a vvimble and plant in the same hole diuers roots or shoots of the Rose-tree scraped round about so farre as they are to lye in the hole and after tie and make theâ— fast vnto the broome plant with mortar and whenas you see the hole bored in the stalke to be growne vp againe you shall cut off the broome stalke aboue the plaâ—â— vvhere you bored the hole and shall let the Rose-tree to put forth his shoots and 〈◊〉 by this meanes you shall haue yellow Roses The vertues of the Roses are sufficiently knowne vnto euerie one Some distill the vvhite and Prouence rose vvhich if you vvill haue it to retaine the full qualitie and vertue of the Rose together with the smell and fauour of the same you must distill in a glasse vessell and not in lead as is ordinarily accustomed Some make 〈◊〉 and syropes of carnation Roses which haue force to loosen the bellie and to purge the humours offending in serious and cholericke matter as also good for 〈…〉 the jaundise the obstructions of the liuer and beating of the heart The yellow growing within the Rose which is a flower accompanied as it vvere vvith smal haires doth stay the vvhite flowers of vvomen the white end of the leaues of Roses are good in a decoction to stay all manner of fluxes the cup hath the same force and vertues the seed and vvooll contained within the button of the Rose as also the whole button dried and made into powder is singular good to stay womenâ— whites and termes for the scalding of the vvater for the disease called Gonorrhaea taken the weight of a dram with sowre red wine Box-tree is planted of shoots or boughs after the twelfth day of Nouember It delighteth in hillie places and mountaines and groweth verie well in cold drie and vvindie places It must not be planted neere the place where bees are kept for the flower killeth them sodainly Some affirme that it corrupteth the ayre by the stinking smell it hath and for this cause it would be as sparingly planted in the garden as possibly may be Box-tree is better to make combes and other durable instruments of than for to vse in medicine if it were not that Physitians doe hold that the scrapings or râ—â—ped powder of Box and the leaues thereof boyled in Lee doe cause the haire to looke â—ed Some likewise doe thinke that it hath the like properties that Guaiacum hath in decoctions for the French disease but herein I referre my selfe rather to experiâ—nce than to reason Broome as well the small as the great is planted of shoots and boughs in the inâ—rease of the Moone about the Calends of March It may likewise be sowne and it requireth a drie and sandie ground The flowers as also the seed doe prouoke vrine and breake the stone as well of the reines as of the bladder the flowers prouoke vomit taken in a drinke the leaues and crops boyled in wine or water are good for the dropsie and obstructions of the liuer spleene and kidneyes some vse the stalkes of broome to tie their vines as also to make ropes and sackes of and that by ripening it in water as they doe hempe Spanish broome groweth also in drie places it must be remoued after the first yeare that it is sowne it is sowne in Februarie and remoued in March the next yere after the flowers in decoctions procure vomite after the manner of white hellebor the seed alone doth loosen the bellie and forceth downeward great store of water Furze grow in vntilled and sandie grounds the leaues boyled in water or wine do stay all manner of â—luxes The Cedar-tree is verie rare in these countries so that if you will haue it in your garden you must assigne it a well husbanded ground and lying open vpon the Sun notwithstanding the places where it is found most growing be cold and moist mountaines and full of snow if you doe well you must sow in pots of earth and cases or impaled places the small and exceeding little seed that commeth thereof The liquor thereof put into the hollow parts of the teeth doth stay their ach being anuointed it killeth the wormes and preserueth bodies from rotting The wood is verie pleasant to looke vpon and to smell vnto whereupon some vse it in steed of perfumes Saâ—in is planted as box and groweth much better if it be watered with Wine Lees or sprinkled with the dust of tile stones The leaues as well in decoction as in perâ—umes prouoke the termes and expell the after-birth and dead child they also cause to fall off the warts growing vpon a mans yard As concerning Iunipâ—r it affecteth the tops of mountaines and stonie ground for to grow well in and by how much it is the more â—ost of the winds and pinched with cold so much the fairer it groweth The fruit thereof is good for the stomach for weake and broken people and against all sorts of venime whether it be drunke or taken in a perfume as also against an
euill aire It is vvith good successe vsed in the decoctions prescribed against the pockes take seuen Iuniper-berries and as many Bay-beâ—ries halfe a dram of Zylocassia and a dram of Cinamome put all this whole in the bellie of a Turtle-doâ—e roast the said Turtle thus stuffed and baâ—t her with Capons grease giue euerie second day one of these at supper to a woman that is readie to be deliuered and she shall haue an easie deliuerie boyle twelue pound of Iuniper wood cut small or raspt in a great cauldron and in a sufficient quantitie of water to the consumption of the third part of the water put this wood and water inâ—â— a bathing tub and let the partie troubled with the gout â—it in this water vp vnto the middle he shall feele incredible reliefe hereby Elder tree is fitter to plant in the garden hedge than to make at bouâ—s in 〈◊〉 notwithstanding where other sorts of small trees are wanting there may vse be made of the Elder-tree It would be set in the moneth of Nouember vpon sciences and shoots in a moist and shadowed place neere to some little riuer or brooke To cause it to grow well you must take this diligent course to cast the earth as it vvere into furrows of a good halfe foot broad and a whole foot deepe with a spade and not with a pickaxe for there must no earth be taken away then presently after the 〈◊〉 of Saint Martin in Winter plant your Elder-trees the great end thereof which shaâ— be put into the earth shall be cut bias like the foot of a Hind and thrust downe 〈◊〉 the ground thus prepared a foot or nine inches deepe and let it stand vp aboue the ground at the least a foot and a halfe or two foot so as that in all your plant mâ—st be two good foot and a halfe or three foot long before you put them into the groâ—nd open it vvith a dibble either of yron or vvood so that the rind of the plant may 〈◊〉 be torne in putting of it into the earth If you plant it in the furrows there must be at the least three foot betwixt euerie furrow and a foot betwixt euerie plant Hauing once thus planted them you shall neuer need to take any further paines 〈◊〉 them if you vvill not your selfe but to cut it two joynts at the least euerie yeare 〈◊〉 the space of the two or three first yeares to the end the root may grow the 〈◊〉 and the first two or three yeares being past you may cut it from two yeares 〈…〉 yeares to make props for vines in any case you must â—op it euerie yere and cut away all the euill sciences and shoots vvhich it ill fauouredly putteth forth Some distill the vvater of the flowers as singular to appease the head-ach comming of heat if the brows or hinder part of the head be rubbed therewith Some likewise doe make verie good vinegar vvith the â—lowers and juice of the beâ—â—ies The juice pressed from the rind of the root moueth vomit and draweth forth the 〈◊〉 that is in thoâ—e that haue the dropsie the juice pressed from the leaues and takeâ— vvith some pottage doth loosen the bellie the dried seed is good against the dropsie and for â—at folke to make them leane taking of it the quantitie of a dram in 〈◊〉 vvine and continuing it a certaine time and mixing therewith a little 〈◊〉 because it is a procurer of vomit and a disquieter of the stomach Rose-marie and Iesamin are likewise fit for the adorning of arbours in 〈◊〉 of the ordering vvhereof vve vvill say nothing in this place because vve haue before spoken thereof verie largely Iuie as vvell the great as the small doth delight to be planted in moist and vvaterie places from the moneth of Nouember vntill March and it flowreth not but in Autumne neither doth the berâ—ie thereof become ripe but in Winter it groweâ—â— not high if it be not neere vnto some tree or old ruine vnto both vvhich in the end 〈◊〉 vvorketh ruine and ouerthrow It vvill bring forth a goodly fruit if you 〈…〉 vvith powdred Allome or ashes made of burnt Oyster-shells Blacke Iuie vvill become vvhite if you vvater the root thereof vvith vvhite earth tempered vvith vvâ—ter eight daies together continually If you take three Iuie berries and tying them vp in a cleane linnen cloth 〈…〉 thread giue them to some one that is troubled vvith paine and stifnesse of his 〈◊〉 to vveare about his necke the said partie so vvearing them three daies together 〈◊〉 be vvhole and cured of his disease The leaues brayed and applyed doe heale â—â—nings and â—â—â—ldings made vvith hot vvater boyled in vinegar and applied 〈◊〉 cure the hardnesse of the spleene the gum thereof killeth lice and niâ—s and 〈◊〉 annointed in any hairie place causeth the haire to fall away The vessells 〈◊〉 the wood of Iuie are singular to know if there be any vvater in the vvine for the 〈◊〉 vvill abide in the vessell and the vvine vvill run out Seuen Iuie berâ—ies 〈…〉 many peach kernels the skinâ— taken off boyled in oyle and afterward stamp◠〈◊〉 applied vnto the temples and brows doe assuage the head-ach comming from the braine the juice of the leaues of Iuie drunke with red vvine doth heale the swelling of the spleene a cap made in forme of a head-piece or skull of the leaues of Iuie sowed together and applied vnto the head of a little child which hath the falling of the haire called Tinea doth heale it throughly the water or gum which droppeth out of the stocke of an Iuie tree the rind being cut killeth nits and lice Priuet groweth more than a man would wish amongst brambles and bushes from which places it may be transplanted into the garden for the benefit of arbours The water of the flowers thereof may be distilled and it is most singular against all manner of â—luxes vvhether of the bellie matrix spitting of bloud and of the eyes as also for all sorts of cankers the same vertue hath the juice pressed out of the leaues especially for the canker growing in the mouth There is an oyle made of the flowers thereof infused in oyle in the Sun which is singular good for the head-ach comming of a hot cause and also for inflammations CHAP. LIII Of Hearbes for the Arbours of the Garden FOr want of trees of low growth such as haue beene spoken of here before you may helpe your selfe in the making of your Arbours for your Garden of Pleasure with certaine hearbes which are plyant and with their leaues apt to make shadow still prouided that they be borne vp by poles of Willow or Iuniper dressed and ordered in forme and after the manner of Arbours They are such as follow the wild Vine Hoppes Gourds Cucumbers the maruellous Pease Winter Cherries the maruellous Apples and other such like And as concerning the wild Vine it groweth more plentifully than a man would
wish amongst the Brambles and Bushes and therefore from hence it may be transplanted and remoued into your Garden for the benefit of your Arbours The root especially the iuice doth mightily loosen the bellie prouoke vrine purge the braine open the spleene and take away the hardnesse thereof applyed in forme of a Pessarie it bringeth downe the termes the after-birth and dead child stamped with salt and applyed it healeth vlcers it cleanseth the skinne and taketh away the red pimples of the face for which purpose also serueth the water thereof which you may gather in the moneth of May out of a pit which you shall make in the head of the root as it standeth in the ground according as we haue alreadie said in the Chapter of Violets going before In a Cataplasme it is singular against the Sciatica as also to take away the haire from some place being mixed and stamped with Bulls bloud it is of maruellous effects in hard and schirrous swellings and cankerouâ— tumours We haue spoken heretofore of cucumbers and gourds and therefore it is not needfull to make any new repetition The ordering of hops is like vnto that of the wild vine for one and the same ground and dressing vvill serue both The flowers crops and juice pressed out doe take away the obstructions of the liuer and spleene and the vse thereof is verie conâ—enient for such as haue the dropsie therewith beere is made as we shall further declare hereafter Maruailous apples are verie fit to ouerspread arbours as well in respect of their beautie as for that they are pliant and winding easily about the poles They would be sowne in the Spring time in a fat and well battilled ground they cannot endure the cold so soone as their fruit is ripe which is in Autumne they drie away by and by wherefore you must sow them where the Sunne hath full power vpon them and water them oft in the time of great heat gathering their fruit in September These apples resemble little lymons as being sharpe pointed at the end 〈◊〉 bellied in the middest rough as wild Cucumbers greene at the beginning but aâ—terward turning red the first that euer brought them into France was Reâ—e du Bellay Bishop of Mans. They haue also beene found in the gardens of the religious of S. Geâ—manes in the fields and in the Temple garden at Paris They are called of the Greekes Gratious apples because of their well pleasing beautie and of the Latines Viticella Momordica and Balsamita this last name was giuen to them by reason of the vertues of Balme which they haue and in French Maruailous apples because of the maruailous vertue that they haue to heale wounds Some take all the seeds 〈◊〉 of the apples putting the said apples into a viole of vnripe oyle oliue or insteed of oyle made of vnripe oliues which is not alwaies readie to be had at Paris some 〈◊〉 common oyle verie well in Rose-water or Common water or plantaine or Mulberie water and doe afterward set the said viole a long time in the Sunne when it 〈…〉 his heat or else they put it in a vessell of hot boyling vvater or else burie it in the earth or in horse dung and this oyle is singular good to assuage inflammations of wounds and of the breasts and hath no lesse vertue than Balme to consolidate 〈◊〉 heale wounds either new or old being a thing tried of many The fruit soaked 〈◊〉 oyle of sweet Almonds or Linseed adding thereto an ounce of liquid vernish 〈◊〉 euerie pound of oyle maketh the oyle verie soueraigne for the paines of the Hâ—â—â—â—rhoides Burnings prickings of the sinews and to take away the skarres of â—oundâ— The leaues dried and made into powder and drunke the quantitie of a spoonefull with the decoction of plantaine doe heale the gripes in the guts the paine of the colicke and the wounds of the guts The oyle wherein this fruit hath beene soaked doth keepe in his place the fundament wont to fall downe in little children if it be often rubbed therewith it maketh barren women fruitfull if after they haue bathed in a bath for the purpose and drunke of the powder of the leaues of this hearbe they annoint their secret parts with this oyle dwelling afterwards with their husbands The maruailous pease are verie rare in this countrie resembling somewhat Winter cherries as hauing their seed inclosed in a little filme or skinne like vnto a â—ich pease in the middest whereof there is the shape as it were of a heart They delight in a very fat moist and well sunned soyle and cannot abide to endure the cold Winter cherries which the Latines call Halicacaâ—um and the Arabians Aâ—â—kengi are delighted in vines wherefore they which would haue it planted in their garden must picke out for it such a soyle as would fit the vine The little 〈◊〉 which is inclosed in the bladder is singular good to prouoke the decayed vrine and to take away the sharpnesâ—e and scalding thereof for the juice thereof mixt with 〈◊〉 creame or milke of white poppie seed or with the decoction of the seed of meloâ—â— or gourds mallows or barly ptisane and drunke doth maruailously mitigate the scalding of the vrine if the root come neere vnto the aspe or lizard it casteth them into a dead sleepe and killeth them the vse of the cherrie is soueraigne against the stone and grauell Likewise for this disease some make a Wine which is called Winter-cherrie wine which is made with the new pressed liquor of good white wine when in hath beene infused a certaine quantitie of these cherries or with a certaine quaâ—titie of these cherries cast with an equall quantitie of white wine grapes all whole into a new vesâ—ell the same vesâ—ell afterward being filled vp with white wine new froâ— the presse being afterward scummed and vsed after the manner of other wines or else this wine may be thus made these cherries are troden amongst ripe grapes and being suffered to worke together certaine daies they are afterward â—unned vp 〈◊〉 vessells and ordered as other wines this wine taken the quantitie of foure 〈…〉 the morning three or foure daies together in the decrease of the Moone cleanseth the reines and purgeth out great quantitie of grauell CHAP. LIIII Of Trees both great and small as well outlandish as of the same Countrie being planted or sowne either vpon beds or in vessells in the Garden THe Bay-tree will grow in all places but it is not as easily preserued and kept in euerie place for it delighteth especially and naturally in a hot or temperate countrie for in a cold it groweth not but by constraine but and if you be disposed to haue it to grow in this cold countrie you 〈◊〉 plant it so vpon the Sunne as that it may thereby shâ—ke off and better passe 〈◊〉 the extremitie of the cold and on the contrarie in a hot countrie you must plant 〈◊〉 so as
that the Sunne may come but sparingly to it to wit euen when the shadow 〈…〉 be hard at the foot if it notwithstanding it delighteth much in places neere 〈◊〉 the Sea in leane and thin grounds where the ayre is warme and temperate of it â—elfe It must be planted in Autumne and in the Spring time of sets of whole plants 〈◊〉 of branches and in March it is planted verie fitly and seasonably when as the â—ap â—putteth vp and commeth to the barbe It may likewise be fowne after the foure 〈◊〉 day of March in a ground that is well manured one foot within the ground 〈◊〉 foure berries together and at the yeares end to remoue it to some other place The Bay-tree feareth the cold aboue all other things and for this cause it must be planted in this countrie in a firme and solide ground as hath beene said to the end that during the times of snow frost and freesing vpon raine the roots may be defended from cold which although the boughes and braunches should be dead by the cold of Winter it would yet continue to bring forth new boughes in the Spring time for the fastnesse and closenesse of the ground will haue let and stayed the ayre from hauing pierced vnto the roots And in caâ—e the ground where you haue planted your Bay-tree should be sandie drie and barren then it will be your part during the time of Winter to spread and cast ashes and straw about the roots of the Bay-tree to preserue the heat of the earth and to withhold the cold from piercing vnto the roots Then for to procure a flourishing and faire Bay-tree two things are necessarie the heat of the ayre and the fastnesse of the ground of which if the one be wanting the Bay-tree will not grow any thing at all or if it grow yet it will be buâ— a small and starued thing as we may easily make triall and proofe in this â—countrie The Bay-tree may be grafted vpon it selfe as also vpon the Dogg-tree the Ash-tree and the Cherrie-tree as we will declare more largely in the third Booke The Myrâ—â—e tree is of two sorts the one is a darke greene the other is a light greene the one beareth a yellow flowre and the other a white but of these the later is the better but euerie sort of Myrâ—le craueth a hot Countrie a light sandie leaâ—â—â— and brittle kind of ground and yet notwithstanding this it groweth well vpon the Sea bankes as also vpon the sides of pooles lakes and fennes It is planted either of young boughs borowed and cut downe for the excessiâ—e ranknesse of them after 〈…〉 foure or fiue yeares old or from the shoots putting forth at the root thereof â—epeâ—â—ting them from the maine root so soone as they be put vp and from after a yeare of their first planting to remoue them or else of seed rubbed and chaâ—ed betwixt your hands and after thrust into an old band or small cord the same buried all along according to that length that it is of in a furrow cast a foot deepe or thereabout and well manured with rotten dung and watering the place The myrtle-tree would be planted in the highest part of the Garden for by his smell it maketh the place most delightsome it may be â—owne also after the manner of the Bay-tree but then it will not grow vp till after a long tâ—me It will grow both high and faire if you make it cleane and scoâ—re it often round about and it will bâ—ing forth much and great fruit if you plant Rose-trees neere vnto it or else plant it neere vnto Oliue-trees in the countrie where they grow for the Myrtle and Oliue trees doe helpe one another greatly It loueth and craueth to be watred with mans vrine but especially with sheepes or when you can get neither of these with warme water wherein it delighteth exceedingly as sometimes appeared by a Myrtle planted neere vnto a bath which to euerie mans sight grew verie pleasantly and beautifully though there were no reckoning or account made thereof Myrtle-berries put in a vessell which is not pitched but well couered doth keepe a long time greene and fresh Some hold it better to put them in hanging vpon their boughs The Myrtle 〈◊〉 nothing so much as cold and taketh delight to be neere vnto pooles brookes and maritime places If you water it oft with warme water it will beare fruit 〈…〉 any kernell The fruit is called Myrtle-berries It must be gathered when it is 〈…〉 great while after the Rose is fallen and shaken It may be grafted vpon another of his owne kind and the white vpon the blacke and the blacke vpon the Apple-treâ— Medlar-tree and Pomegranet-tree After vintage time in the countrie of Prouence where there is a great number of Myrtle-trees the birds feed of the fruit of the Myrtle-tree and thereby become so fat and their flesh so pleasant to eat as that men eat birds so fatted all whole withâ—â—â— pulling out of the garbage insomuch as it is growne into a common prouerbe 〈◊〉 the excrement is better than the flesh The leaues bayes or berries of myrtle-tree by their astringent force and 〈◊〉 doe stay all manner of fluxes whether it be of the bellie or of the termes or principally of the whites the juice and distilled water of Myrtle-tree are singular good to drinke to keepe vp the falling fundament The decoction of the seed of Myrtle-tree doth blacke the haire and keepeth it from falling The berries of the Myrtle-tree may serue in steed of pepper the sauce made therewith worketh the like effect and is singular good to comfort a languishing stomach myrtle berries euen do comfort the heart and cure the beating of the same the ashes of the drie leaues of myrtle-tree burned within a pot of raw earth so throughly as that they become white being afterward washed haue one and the same vertue that Spodium or Pompholâ—â— hath If you cannot make the myrtle-tree to grow in your garden you must content your selfe with the Myrt-tree which craueth the same ground and manner of ordeâ—â—â— that the Myrtle-tree as being a kind of wild Myrtle-tree and which may be 〈…〉 the steed of Myrtle-tree vvhen it cannot be come by as hauing the same or 〈…〉 vertues Butchers-broome is also a kind of wild myrtle which groweth commonly in Forests and Vnderwoods from whence it is better to translate it into your garden 〈◊〉 either to sow or plant it He that is desirous to plant Tamariske in his garden must make choyce of the moist and wettest ground and for want of a sufficient moist ground to water 〈…〉 It is likewise seene that Tamariske doth grow faire and tall by ponds 〈◊〉 and other standing waters It is planted either of roots or sprouts and that from the 〈◊〉 of October till the foure and twentieth of December yea vntill the beginning of Februarie but yet it thriueth best being set of roots there is
no frost almost 〈…〉 hurt it especially the root for when it is once taken it putteth forth continually 〈◊〉 and boughs along the plant The wood is principally commended for that it assuageth and diminisheth 〈◊〉 spleene in such as haue it stopt too full of melancholicke humours and hence 〈…〉 that many troubled with that disease doe eat and drinke in vessells made of 〈◊〉 wood thereof And some likewise doe counsell to giue swine that are troubled 〈◊〉 too much fulnesse of the spleene water to drinke in their â—â—oughâ— hauing first â—â—â—ched therein coales made of the wood of Tamariske The decoction of the 〈…〉 damaske raisons in good for leprous persons and such as haue their spleene 〈◊〉 as also for the pockes Bastard Sene called of the Latines 〈◊〉 delighteth in a fat ground and well battilled with Sheepes dung It groweth not planted but vpon seed and it is meet that the seed be steeped first a long time in water euen vntill it begin to sprout The time to sow it is about the beginning of the moneth of Iune It must not haue any of the branches cut off nor be pruned or touched before the fourth yeare The fruit serueth to good vse for the fatting of Sheepe and maketh them to haue much milke it is good also to fat chickens bees goats and kyne Some take it to be Sene but they doe greatly deceiue and beguile themselues The Caper-tree in many countries groweth without any tilling â—n â—arable ground but where it wanteth if it must be sowne it must be in a hot countrie and a drie stonie and sandie place which shall before hand be inclosed with a little ditch which shall be filled with stone and lyme or else with fat earth for to be a fortresse and defence vnto it that so the roots of the Caper-tree and thereby all shoots that might grow vp from them may be kept from breaking forth and spreading further than this ditch for if they should be stayed and kept backe from spreading by some such meanes it would come to passe that within a small time they would ouer-runne the whole Garden and plant themselues in euerie corner of the same Notwithstanding the Caper-tree is not so noysome in that respect because it may be pulled vp as it is by inueniming I know not by what venimous humour or juice the whole ground and making of it barren It hath no need except a verâ—e little to be any way tilled or fashioned for it groweth well ynough without any thing done vnto it in â—ields and desart grounds It may be sowne in the Spring and Autumne The fruit of the Caper-tree as well the great as the small is good in a fallade to prouoke appetite cleanse the flegmaticke stomach and to take away the obstructions of the liuer but principally of the spleene the rind of the root and leaues haue the like vertue but more effectually Capers both the great and the small whiles they are yet greene and not salted doe nourish a great deale more both of them are in request not so much for that they are fruit as for their manner of preseruing which is performed either with vinegar or else with salt brine for Capers not pickled are of a verie sharpe and vnpleasant tast but the vinegar wherein they are preserued doth make them verie acceptable vnto the stomach but the great ones because they haue both more juice and more pulpe are a great deale better than the little ones though the little ones are more delightsome to the tast than the great ones because they are fuller of vinegar than the great ones Agnus Castuâ— seeing it commeth verie neere to the nature and condition of the Willow and of the same colour with the leaues disagreeing onely in smell craueth to be planted in a watrie place where there is much shadow or at the least to be oft watered The leaues seed and flowers are singular good for them which would liue chastly taken inwardly or applyed outwardly for some say that the leaues 〈◊〉 or â—lowres put into little bâ—gges and applied vnto the reines in bed do helpe to keepe the chastitie of the bodie which is the cause that in many countries it is seene planted almost in all the Monkeries The decoction of the leaues is good against the sealding and burning Vrine as well in drinking as in fomenting it as also against the obstructions of the liuer spleene and matrix If you carrie a branch of Agnus Castus about you you shall not grow wearie no not after much trauell The fume thereof taken in at the secret parts of women doth quench the vnsatiable lust and burning desire vnto venerie and carnall copulation Beane-tree or S. Iohns-bread bearing a long flat and broad fruit like vnto that of Caâ—â—ia would be planted of new shoots in Februarie and Nouember in a drie ground lying open vpon the Sun and where as there are verie deepe ditches made It may also be grafted in a Plum-tree or Almond-tree in any case you must neuer thinke vpon the sowing of it because so it would neuer beare any fruit but would die verie quickly it must be oft watered The Codâ— are good either to fat children or â—winâ— but not so fit to feed men withall It is true that the fruit doth loosen the bellie gently as it were after the manner of Cassia There 〈…〉 sorts of the Date-tree some beare fruit and some 〈…〉 and of the fruitfull some beare a reddish fruit and some a white and 〈…〉 gray Furthermore some are males and some females some are high and 〈…〉 some are stooping downe and but low and therefore called the little or 〈…〉 tree and some of a middle size betwixt both but howsoeuer they differ yet 〈◊〉 they agree that they all desire a hot ayre a great deale more than temperate for in a hot Countrey it bringeth forth verie faire and ripe fruit and of it selfe is 〈◊〉 kept and preserued without anie fâ—rther paine or â—are except it be about the 〈◊〉 of it where in a temperate Region it either ripeneth not his fruit or 〈…〉 none at all It craueth a 〈…〉 and nitrous ground foreseene that it be 〈…〉 moist and this is the cause why it â—roâ—pereth well vpon the Sea coast and if the ground where it be planted be not such it must be watered with salt water 〈…〉 brine It is planted of small Plants with roots in Aprill and May the Plant being well layd about with fat earth Some also sow the new stones of Dates and they bring forth their trees in October two cubits deepe in the ground and that mingled with ashes and well enriched with Goats dung and the sharpe side of it must be vpward it must be watered euerie day and euerie yeare there must be â—alt shed 〈◊〉 it or else which is better that it be oftentimes watered with water that is 〈◊〉 salt Againe that it may grow high and faire it
Oliues a long time must change his 〈…〉 euerâ—e quarter of a yeare As concerning Oliues to make Oyle of they must be gathered when they are somewhat more ripe than those which are to be preserued and when as there are manie of them become alreadie blacke but yet not so manie as are white in other respects they must be gathered in such manner as wee haue said that the others should be gathered that is to say with the hand and when it is faire weather except it be those Oliues which by tempests and winds haue beene blowne to the earth and such as must needs be gathered as well because of wild as â—ame and house beasts There must no moe be gathered at one time than may be made into Oyle that night and the day following for all the fruit that is gathered in a day must presently be put vpon the Milles and so into the Presses But before that they be put into the Presse they must first be spread vpon hurdles and picked and culled as likewise that their 〈◊〉 and waterish liquor may runne out a little and spend it selfe for it is a great enemie vnto the Oyle insomuch as that if it remaine abide and stand with the Oyle it spoyleth the tast and sauour of it And therefore in this respect when sometimes the quantitie of Oliues is so great as that there want Presses and workmen to dispatch them you must haue a high and well-raysed floore where you must prouide partitions to keepe asunder euerie daies gatherings and these partitions in the botâ—â—me must be paued with Stone or with Tyles or Squares made somewhat sloping that so the moistnesse of the Oliues may conuey it selfe along the channels which shall be there prouided And thus much concerning the preparing of Oliues to make Oyle of it remaineth now to speake of the making of Oyle but wee will reserue that for the end of the third Booke where we will make a large discourse of the making of Oyles Finally there is a verie astringent and binding facultie in the Oliue tree for the decoction of the leaues in a Clyster doth stay the flux of the bellie the iuice pressed from the leaues with white Wine and Raine water doth stay all manner of fluxes of bloud the liquor which droppeth from the greene wood of the Oliue tree when it is burning doth heale the Itch Ringwormes and Scabs Oliues yet greene and vnâ—ipe doe stirre vp and prouoke an appetite being eaten and cause a good stomacke but they make the bodie costiue and are hard of digestion Ripe Oliues doe ouerturne the stomacke and make boylings therein they cause also headach and hurt the eyes As concerning the vertues of Oyle wee will speake of them in his place See more of the Oliue-tree in the third Booke Pistates require as great toyle and diligence about them as the Oliue-tree and would be sowne about the first day of Aprill as well the male as the female both â—oyntly together or at the least one verie neere vnto the other the male hauing the backe turned to the West for being thus ioyned or neere neighbours one vnto the other they beare better and greater store of fruit especially if they be sowne in a faâ— ground and well ayred and there you may graft them at the same time vpon themselues or vpon the Turpentine tree notwithstanding that some doe graft them on the Almond tree They may in like manner be set of Plants and the manner of planting them is thus You must make Pits sufficient deepe in some place where the Sunne shiâ—eth verie hot and chuse new shoots of the tree which are in verie good liking and â—hese bound together put into the Pits the second day of the moneth of Aprill afterward bind them together from the earth vp to the boughes and couer the roots with good dung watering them continually for the space of eight daies And after the â—odie of the Tree is three yeares old you must lay open the Pit neere vnto the rootâ— â—nd set the bodie somewhat deeper in and then couer it againe with good dung to the end that when the Tree shall be growne great it may not be ouer-blowne with â—â—eat winds This Tree was rare and hard to be come by in this Countrey before the most reueâ—end Lords Cardinall du Bellay and Reue du Bellay Bishop of Mants brethren and 〈◊〉 worthie of eternall memorie for their incomparable knowledge alone and 〈◊〉 all other Frenchmen had brought into this Countrey the knowledge not onely of 〈◊〉 which were altogether vnknowne vnto vs but also the ordering and figureâ— of strange Hearbes and Trees the fruits whereof we are greatly in loue withall and doe highly commend notwithstanding that as yet we doe scarce know themselueâ— But surely herein this whole Nation is bound to acknowledge an euerlasting 〈◊〉 vnto them for the same The fruit of Pistates as Aâ—icenne saith verie well not sticking at the scruple and doubt which Galen casteth in the way doe comfort the stomack and nourish 〈…〉 and this is the cause why they are prescribed them which are leane and worne away with sicknesse and which desire to be strong and mightie in performing the act of Venerie Citron-trees Orange-trees Limon-trees and Citron-trees of Assyria require 〈◊〉 like manner of ordering by reason of their like nature whereunto in respect of 〈◊〉 great tendernesse and incredible daintinesse it is needfull to giue great heed 〈◊〉 otherwise there is no hope of reaping any profit or pleasure of them And for as 〈◊〉 as they are best dealt withall and found to prosper most when they are gotten 〈◊〉 growne great from some other place it being so difficult a thing and exceeding toyle to make them breake the earth and grow vpon the seeds in this Countrey I will make a briefe discourse concerning whatsoeuer is requisite for the 〈◊〉 planting remouing and gouerning of them in our Countrey and Grounds And therefore to speake in the first place of the manner of transporting of them 〈◊〉 must thinke that these Trees get no good by changing their place but that they would doe a great deale better in their naturall and natiue soyle and ground when they were first planted sowne or grafted than to be remoued else whither Notwithstanding if it please the Lord of the Farme to procure them from 〈…〉 must doe it in the Spring time rather than in Autumne because euen as in 〈◊〉 the wood thereof groweth hard and solide being ripe and for that the â—appe 〈◊〉 to comfort it with his warme moisture by reason of his approaching cold so iâ— the Spring time on the contrarie they begin to bud by and by after that they are 〈◊〉 and planted and bring forth leaues yea and flowers if the Plants be great and strong ynough The way to transport them is in such sort to â—it the rootes with â—lothes or 〈…〉 that you may bind therein vnto
them so much of the earth from which they 〈…〉 as may defend them from being hurt either by the Wind or Sunne and hauing thus done to fit them further with Barrels or Sere-clothes the better to keepe 〈◊〉 from all the iniuries of the ayre as also from the raine and to cause them to be â—â—â—ueyed vpon Horses Carts or Waggons so soone euen the same night that they shall come to the place where you would set them you must well aduise and 〈◊〉 they be altered which will be knowne by the change of the leaues and barke 〈◊〉 then to prouide for that accordingly for in such case you must take away the earth and temper it soft anew water them cut them and take away the blasted or 〈◊〉 vntill such time as the pits where you intend to set them be seasoned in such sort 〈◊〉 manner as shall be said hereafter You shall in the day time view well your ground and see that it be a good substantiall blacke open tender sweet light fat and cleane earth without anie 〈◊〉 stone whatsoeuer neere vnto the Sea coast if it be possible where moisture 〈◊〉 and furthermore that it be easie to be stirred to the end it may drinks in 〈◊〉 water in aboundance where you meane to set these Trees For these Trees 〈◊〉 much watering if the water should stand aboue the earth and not sinke 〈◊〉 the roots would become sicke discoloured and by little and little would looke the 〈◊〉 colour of pale blacke or blew If the earth be not easie to be stirred you 〈◊〉 couer it with Horse dung verie well rotted or else with Oxe or Sheepes dung 〈◊〉 by this meanes it will become easie to be pierced or stirred The place where 〈◊〉 are to be planted must be open vpon the Sunne a high place and sheltred 〈…〉 the quarters from whence froâ—tie winds doe blow but principally the 〈◊〉 wind which is alwaies most contrarie vnto those Plants It must be also open vpon the South because contrarie to the nature of all Trees they feed vpon this 〈◊〉 and starue through that of the North and a little vpon the West in such sort as that they may be guarded on the back part and both sides but specially the Citron-tree which is the most tender of all the other For which considerations it will not be amisse to set them neere vnto some wall of a conuenient height to the end they may haue a rampart against the Northerne parts and for the more certainetie to make them a hood and flankers of Bay trees for the encrease both of the beautifulnesse as also of the profit of the same for some hold that the companie of the Bay tree doth keepe the Orange tree from frost These Bay trees shall be planted in double chesse that so the thinnest places of the first may be amended by the thickest places of the second but and if you haue not Bay trees to doe it withall then you may take Cypresse trees And here you must learne that Orange-trees loue not the companie of anie other tree but of the fore-named and of the Myrtle-tree The best of all and most assured for profit were to plant the said Orange-trees Citron-trees and other such like Trees in halfe Barrels or Vessels of earth made for the purpose they being the chiefe pleasures of Princes and great Lords or else in Cases that are wide below and narrow aboue builded of clouen boords verie well ioyned and fitted together in such sort as that no shoots may grow through them for the earth by reason of the oft watering of it doth not cease continually to cause them to put forth and breake out one way or other But that such watering may be conueyed in best sort for their growth it must be prouided and brought by some low conduit and passage and the surplusage carried away by some such cocke as is vsed in Lee tubs and such or the like Vessels must be made to carrie into anie place whatsoeuer a man will for seeing that these Plants doe die if they be touched neuer so little with frost as being most tender and daintie of their naturall inclination it must be looked vnto in Winter after that they are well couered and compassed about with straw or the stalkes of Gourds for by a naturall contrarietie they are giuen to let and hinder the frost from hurting them that they be conueyed vpon small Wheele-barrowes into vaulted Caues and when Summer is come to returne and bring them backe againe into the full and open Sunne to be nourished and refreshed by the heat thereof Then hauing found out such a place in the Garden as wee haue spoken of there shall Pits be cast with distances betwixt and whereas the Orange-tree doth shoot out his roots deepe into the earth you must cast the said Pits a good fadome deepe and a fadome and a halfe in compasse which shall be well broken and made soft that so the root may rest and spread it selfe at pleasure which Pits shall grow narrower by little and little towards their top and where they are to embrace and close in the foot of the tree These Pits to doe well should be kept open a yeare or thereabout if it were possible for the well seasoning of them which by manie Sunne-shines and manie Raines would be effected but there may more speed be made with them either by couering the places of the said Pits with well rotted dung and new ashes which neuer were wet and watering it with a little water if the time and season be not rainie or by filling vp the said Pits with Wheat straw or with small Vine branches burning it all and afterward watering the ashes which shall remaine if the season be drie and without raine for within eight or tenne daies after this preparing of it the said Pits will be well seasoned About the end of the same time you must againe breake and soften the earth of the seat of the said Trees and the sides thereof and lay into them a finger thicknesse of dung and againe vpon this dung the like thicknesse of good mould and then vpon it to set the Tree in the verie same aspect of the Sunne if it be possible that it stood in before the taking vp that is to say that euerie part of the tree stand vpon the same quarters of the Heauens that it did before for otherwise it would not serue if the â—ide beholding the North before should now behold and stand vpon the East or West And this obseruation is of great moment for as much as they which faile in this doe oftentimes see their Trees dead or else notwithstanding whatsoeuer other meanes vsed bringing foorth verie late and vntimely fruit with like vntimely growth and blossoming which they would not haue fallen into if they had beene see againe after the manner they stood before they put forth 〈◊〉 budde 〈…〉 of the earth And this diâ—aduantage likewise happeneth vnto them
which 〈◊〉 planted their Trees in Pots or Cases vse to carrie them into houses and vnder 〈◊〉 in the Winter time and out againe at the Spring vvithout anâ—e ragardâ—ed in them after the same siâ—uation and state of standing wherein they stood the 〈◊〉 before Thus the Tree being seated vpon the ground in the like aspect of the 〈…〉 it was you must dresse it about the foot with a leuelled bed of good earth or the thicknesse of halfe a foot and trample it downe and againe vpon this 〈…〉 bed of the same thicknesse of good made earth and for want thereof with 〈◊〉 newly mixt with good dung and to tread and trample it downe and thus by 〈◊〉 of the one and the other to continue till the Pit be filled vp euen with the 〈◊〉 swarth and then to water it All these said and seuerall workes shall be ended before the full of the Moone and the better if it be in the encrease of the day that 〈…〉 about nine or â—enne a clocke in the morning For some hold that if these things 〈◊〉 done in the full Moone that then there would grow Wormes and Ants 〈…〉 bodie and barke of the Orange tree Being thus planted you shall order and gouerne them both in Summer and Winter in manner as followeth In Summer 〈◊〉 shall be watered euerie three daies morning and euening and ofter too if the 〈◊〉 of the heat doe require it For the Orange tree aboue all things doth 〈◊〉 water and standeth in need of two buckets of water at the least vnto euerie 〈…〉 tree root and therefore the Gardiners are happie in this case which in their 〈◊〉 or not farre off haue water at commandement because commonly they 〈◊〉 both more fruit and that also more beautifull and faire and better seasoned Such 〈◊〉 water them must beware of touching the stocks or trunkes of the tree or else the 〈◊〉 therewith but rather that they cast it a pretie way off and that round about that so it may sucke in and sinke downe equally vnto and vpon the rootes And to this 〈◊〉 you shall make a little furrow digged some three fingers deepe round abouâ— and into this you shall poure your water and when it is sunke you shall fill vp the 〈◊〉 againe In Winter the care and labour is the greater in keeping them from being tainted of the Frost and therefore so soone as the Frost shall begin you shall 〈◊〉 them in good time about the first of October with good store of boughes held vp with props or else to make for euerie one of them a lodging of Mass with a 〈◊〉 in it open vnto the South Some vse to couer them with Corke and it is a 〈◊〉 good couering for them Some as hath beene said before remoue them into 〈◊〉 vnder the earth carried thither vpon little Wheele-barrowes and fitted of 〈◊〉 or Cases But which of these courâ—es soeuer it shall be that you shall take you must alwaies see that their tops and outsides be at libertie and not pinched of due 〈◊〉 by that which couereth them and that this coueret be not taken away till 〈◊〉 be past It is true that before you couer them or set them in vaulted caues you must see that they be not wet anie manner of way for if the cold should seize vpon them in that pickle both the tree and the fruit would be easily spoyled by the 〈…〉 that this wetnesse would cause the flowers and fruits to corrupt and rot when they were vnder their couert but good and wise Gardiners before they coâ—er these 〈◊〉 doe take from the Citron trees being the least able to endure cold of all the rest 〈◊〉 the flowers buds and tender boughes of the same You must beware that it 〈◊〉 not into their lodging or place of couert especially vpon the thaw of Snow 〈◊〉 Snow water is more hurtfull vnto them than anie other Likewise if anie 〈◊〉 of Snow or Sleet come thwart their lodging or that anie trade wind doe bring it 〈◊〉 them you must shake it off from their branches and take it from the foot of 〈◊〉 for it would scorch them And therefore to meet with these inconueniences if 〈◊〉 be anie cleft or hole in the couering you must make it vp close and stop it well 〈◊〉 dung or vvispes so as they may be taken out when it is a faire and cleere weather 〈◊〉 that the Sunne shall cast forth his beames that so it may shine vpon the 〈…〉 dispell the ill corrupt and infected ayre and take away and drie vp the 〈◊〉 moisture rising of the continued shadow and then againe when the Sunne goeth downe and falleth off you must stop them vp againe that so the cold may not take hold vpon them It will not likewise be amisse to make a fire there during the extreame cold times of good drie Wood or Coale because the heat thereof would be great and continue well without working anie annoyance vnto the plants either by his flame or smoake and this to be most chiefely performed in the behalfe of the Citron-trees which are most subiect vnto the cold of all other the cause being for that they haue in them greatest store of iuice and substance as on the contrarie they are least subject to cold which haue least iuice and substance in them Againe you may not be too hastie in vncouering of them vpon some shew and promise of gentle meeke and faire weather because the cold oftentimes faining it selfe to be gone returneth againe in more vehement manner than before threatning the killing of them onely it will be the best and safest to open some boord or window of their lodging that so the treeâ— may enioy the present heat of the Sunne for certaine houres In the time of the couering of these new translated trees you must not forget to renew them at the foot a cubit height with good earth enriched with good rotten dung and that to lye round about the said foot the breadth of a good fadome and this will serue and stand in stead in case that by extremitie of cold the bodie of the tree should be frozen to refresh and repaire it againe from below where the frost shall not haue pierced it notwithstanding if in such extraordinarie cold seasons you couer and lay ouer their former couering with other dung well rotted you shall preserue the said Orange trees Their grafts whereof wee are to speake hereafter are a great deale more tender and more easie to be broken by the cold and frost and therefore they must be couered at the foot and layd high with earth and as it were cloaked or hooded and double couered and cloathed as hath beene said and that a great deale higher that so it may not be pinched in the place of the setting in of the graft But and if the cleft or other receit made for the setting in of the graft be so high that the said prouision and defence cannot conueniently be applyed
vnto it you must then couer such chase with thicke new cloth being well woolled or else with straw and to tye the one or the other fast to by wreathing it about with one of the breadths of a Mat and stay it vp with a prop if need be In hot Countries as Spaine and Portugall it is held as an approoued opinion That by how much the more Orange trees are watered in Winter so much the lesse subiect are they to frost because their water is either out of the Well or fresh drawne from some Fountaine or of water broken out of the earth and made warme with the Sunne or with the fire and for that it is drunke vp all into the earth but I feare me that it would not fall out for well done if so be that in this cold Countrey one should take that course notwithstanding if you will vse the same order you shall doe it either by the helpe of the foresaid Sunne beames or by a pipe of Lead laid good and deepe in the earth a farre off from the root of the tree powring of the said water into it that so it may descend and reach vnto the roots but so soone as you haue thus powred in your water you must stop verie well and couer the said pipe with earth and dung that so the cold ayre may not runne along it vnto the roots for so they would be frozen They must be vnder-digged and cast at the foot from moneth to moneth if the season will suffer it and the earth made light and soft mingling it with dung and watering it as hath beene said And for the better preseruing of the branches of these plants and keeping of them in their strength and force they must be cut euerie yeare more or lesse according as the good and expert Gardiner shall iudge it necessarie in as much as these trees being both daintie and precious doe require a verie carefull regard to be vsed in this cutting It must not furthermore be forgotten to take from them continually all manner of superfluitie filth and grasse growing at their foot or elsewhere and likewise thornes or pricks and that with the hands or some other cutting yron And if anie branch through â—rost or otherwise grow drie pale or blacke you must cut off the dead part at the Spring in the decrease of the Moone in faire weather and calme and temperate and vpon the putting of it forth againe and this must be done with a Garden Sickle or Knife well sharpened and the cut must be well 〈◊〉 together and couered ouer that so it may put forth branches againe You must also bow the boughs as shall be necessarie and to raise some higher and pull some lower as occasion shall require cut the ends and sprouâ—s which put forth at the toppes of the tree take away those that grow too high to the end they may be proportâ—â—â—â— in an equall measure of growth for these trees especially the Citron tree growing in anie great height and hauing anie great store of boughes doe neither bring 〈◊〉 so much nor so good fruits as when they are otherwise fitted and freed from their vnâ—necessarie boughes and further if need require to seâ— some store of pâ—les to hold vp the boughs If notwithstanding all the paine and preseruation spoken of before they fall now and then into mislikings and diseases then you must burie at their 〈◊〉 some Sheepes hornes for some are of opinion that by these they are maintained is â—ound estate and good plight And thus much as concerning the ordering of these Trees when they be brought out of other Countries but as for those which wee procure to grow and spring out of the earth here in this Countrey wee must know that they grow either of 〈◊〉 boughes grafts or â—eeds But to speake of these particularly the Orange tree groweth not but verie hardly either vpon shoots or grafts for hauing a verie hard 〈◊〉 it hardly taketh root It is true that some vse to prepare a Plant of it in such manner They picke and prune from an Orange tree bough his sprigges and 〈◊〉 plant it the small end downeward wrapt in a Linnen cloth hauing within it 〈◊〉 dung that is verie new and of such plants haue beene seene to grow Orange trees growing indeed lower than the other but hauing a well spread and large 〈…〉 yet it is better to sow it so that it be in a good soyle notwithstanding it be long before it bring forth fruit but he that will helpe that and cause it to hasten to bearing must graft it The manner of sowing all these sorts of trees is first to prepare and manure the ground verie well with Horse dung about the moneth of May or else with Oxe or Sheepes dung and to mixe therewith some Wood ashes or which were better some Cucumber ashes then making pits in the said ground of the breadth of halfe a foot to put three seeds together and the sharpe end vpward and the higher part of the seed toward the earth after this they must be oft watered with 〈◊〉 water or with Sheepes milke for so they will grow better and sooner And yet 〈◊〉 not before you sow them to lay them in steepe in Cowes milke that is warme and if you desire to haue them sweet fruit put to the liquor wherein you steepe them 〈◊〉 Sugar candâ—e You shall plant their shoots after the same manner in a well husbanded and 〈◊〉 ground as also their boughes and grafts about mid May setting the great ends vpward and filling the pits with ashes made of Cucumbers These bring forth 〈◊〉 and the middle part of the apple will be sweet if the bodie of the tree be pierced with a Piercer in the moneth of Februarie and that there be made therein an oblique and sloping hole which must not goe through and from out of this the sappe is let distill vntill such time as the apples come to be formed and then you must stop vp the said hole with Potters clay or mortar or else giue a slit in the thickest branch of the tree and in the place where you haue giuen the slit make a hollownesse of the depth of a good foot which you shall fill with honey and stop vp with mortar 〈◊〉 feare of raine and of the heat of the Sunne when as the tree hath drunke in all the â—onâ—y you shall put in more and water the root with vrine in the end you shall 〈◊〉 off all the little shoots which shall put forth of the tree letting those alone which shall grow vpon the slit branch At the same time Orange trees may be grafted chiefely vpon the Pom◠〈◊〉 â—tree for vpon this they thriue maruellously especially the Orange tree both in goodnesse greatnesse beautie and thicknesse of such fruits as they bring forth in respect and comparison of those which they bring forth when they are grafted one 〈◊〉 another that is to say the Orange
inconueniences it is good acâ—ording to the counsell of Columella to steepe the seeds for a certaine time in the juice of 〈◊〉 madame or to mingle with the said seed some â—oot or else to water them with 〈◊〉 wherein soot hath beene tempered but it is better to speake of these things pâ—â—ticularly Generally against all such beasts as doe hurt gardens it is good to 〈…〉 place of the Garden as where you thinke these beasts doe most abound and keepe the paunch of a Sheepe full of dung as it commeth out of the Sheepes belly and to couer it with a little earth and within two daies you shall find all these beasts gathered together into this place before you haue done thus twice or thrice you shall be prouided of the meanes to kill and root out all these 〈◊〉 know then in a word what be the necessarie remedies for the auoiding of such accidents Against Haile ancient men were wont to set the whole compasse of their ground about with white wild Vine or else to fasten vnto the top of a high post an Owle hauing her wings spread The Lightnings and Thundring will doe no harme if there be buried in the midst of the Garden a kind of Toad called a Hedge-toad closed vp in a pot of earth Others doe hang in the midst of the Garden or at the soure corners thereof the seathers of an Eagle or the skinne of a Seale Others plant manie Bay-trees round about the Garden It is true that to breake or dissolue the Thunder accompanied with a great thicke cloud threatening haile there is nothing better than to ring the belles as is vsed to be done in hot Countries and to send forth the roaring sounds of the Canons as is wont to be done at Sea or else to set on fire some heapes of Weeds or stinking and rotten Seeds There is nothing more hurtfull or dangerous for hearbes than Frost which commeth when Snow and Ice are thawing And for to preserue your hearbes from this inconuenience of cold you must spread all ouer the ground great store of straw and ashes withall about that for by this meanes the heat of the earth will be preserued and the frost hindred that it cannot enter If you conceiue that your hearbs are like to be hurt by mists or fogs you must get together in diuers places of your gardens diuers heapes of tender twigs and straw or of weeds and shrubs pulled vp in the same place and after to set them on fire for the smoake thereof doth correct and cleare the duskish and cloudie ayre Against blasting which is a corruption happening to hearbes and trees by some euill constellation there is nothing better than to burne with the dung the right horne of an oxe in such sort as that there may on euerie side be caused a verie great smoake for this smoake will driue away and resolue the euill qualitie of the ayre which is the carrier of this maligne influence or else it will be good to plant in diâ—erâ— places of the gardens diuers Bay-tree-boughes for the blasting will fall all vpon them To preserue seeds from being eaten of birds you must sâ—atter round about your gardens wheat or barly sod in wine mingled with hellebor or else water and sâ—eepe the seed in the decoction of â—ray fishes boyled in fresh water assuring your selfe that looke what groweth of such seeds will be free from all danger of these fowles or else water your seed with water and the lâ—â—s of wine or else â—caâ—er throughout the gardens some boyled leekes for so soone as they shall haue swallowed thew they wil be easily taken vp with your hand Some put ten cray fishes in a vessell full of vvater which they couer and set out in the Sunne for the space of ten daies afterward they 〈◊〉 the seeds they would sow with this water twice once before they be sowne and the other eight daies after that they are sowne By this meanes the seeds will not onely be kept safe from birds but also from all other manner of beasts To take away all harme which may come by little beasts it will be good to drie vpon the skinne of a Tortoise all such seeds as you intend to sow in your Gardens or else to plant in diuers places of your Gardens some Mints especially amongst your Coleworts or else to sow amongst your pot-hearbs some Cich-pease or Rocket or to fill the ground of your Kitchin Garden with Goose-dung tempered with salt â—rine or else to sow the seeds in the first quarter of the Moone New Oyle lees or the foot of the Chimney sowne all about in your Gardens is good against Snailes To keepe away Caterpillers you must water your hearbes with water wherein haue beene steeped the ashes of the young shoots of Vines or perfume your hearbes and trees with quicke brimstone Some steepâ— the seeds in the 〈◊〉 of fig tree 〈◊〉 and to kill the caterpillers doe cast vpon them the ashes themselues others like it better to plant a great onion called Squilla or else to burne â—oad-stooles that grow out of the nut-tree or else some great store of garleeke without any head to the 〈◊〉 that by the strong smell which shâ—ll 〈◊〉 thereof they may die Columella maketh mention of a certaine and approued remedie in this 〈◊〉 Caterpillers which is that when they will not be driuen away by other meaâ—â— to 〈◊〉 a woman baâ—e footed hauing her termes her bosome open and 〈◊〉 about her eares to walke three times about the quarters and alleys of the hedges or 〈◊〉 of the garden This done you shall see the Caterpillers fall vpon the earth from the hearbs and trees bearing fruit neither more nor lesle than and if by shaking you beat 〈◊〉 the raine or water from a tree but in the meane time there must be care bad that this be not done at 〈◊〉 rise because that then euerie thing in the garden would 〈◊〉 and pine away If you water the fleas or lice with strong vinegar mingled with the juice of â—enbane wherein the water of hemlocke shall haue boyled or with water 〈◊〉 Nigella hath bin steeped or with the decoction of mustard-sâ—eed they wil die shortly Gnats will be killed if you lay 〈◊〉 in sleepe and sprinkle the water about the garden or if you make a perfâ—me of Galbanâ—m or of Brimstone or of 〈◊〉 or of ox-dung If you would 〈◊〉 away flies make a perfume of Colo 〈◊〉 or water the place with water wherein it hath steeped To gather together all the Paâ—mar-wormes and other like beasts into one place to the end you may kill them you must spread in the place especially where they 〈◊〉 bound the gâ—ts and 〈◊〉 of some sheepe newly killed the same made 〈◊〉 cleane but still full of filth and dung then two daies after you shall find them all come together vnto the entrailes For to kill Weazles you
make it purge and boyle vp and withall they hang in the vessell a nodule or knot full of 〈◊〉 pepper ginger graines of paradise and cloues also they cast into the vessell a handfull of Elder-tree-flowres they set the vessell in the Sunne in Summer time for the space of fortie daies or in Winter they set it in some caue vnder the ground This kind of honied water is verie soâ—â—â—aigne against 〈◊〉 agues 〈◊〉 dispositions of the bodie diseases of the braine as the falling sicknesse apoplexie and palsie in which cases wine is forbidden The countrie men of Prouence and the Italians doâ— make marchpaines of honie and almonds after this manner Take white honie three pound and three whites of egges beat all together with a woodden pestill in a bason till it grow vnto the colour of milke afterward see the bason vpon a fire of coales stirring all together very carefully with the pestill till such time as it become somewhat thicke then put thereto sweet almonds stamped and fried such quantitie as shall be needfull for the making of it of some good consistence being yet hot powre it our vpon some marble or polished table make vp your marchpaine thereof and it will be singular good for them to eat which are in a consumption as also to procure spitting CHAP. LXXI Of the markes of good Waxe and the manner of preparing diuers sorts of Waxe GOod Waxe must be of a verie yellow colour smelling sweet far light pure 〈◊〉 close neat and purified from all filth It is the ground of other Waxes called artificiall as being by art made into diuers colours as blacke red greene and white Waxe Blacke Waxe is made with ashes of burnt paper greene by putting 〈◊〉 vnto it red by putting the root of Alkanet vnto common Wax or the powder of Cinnabrium but white Waxe is made many waies but for the most part after this sort and manner Melt Waxe in some vessell â—it for the purpose afterward 〈◊〉 it from all manner of superfluities through a strainer being thus strained 〈…〉 a soft coale fire in a great skellet or vessell of copper to keepe it liquid and in 〈◊〉 close thereby you shall haue one or two great barrells made after the manner of 〈◊〉 â—ubs full of water newly drawne out of the well in which you shall wet 〈…〉 that are round flat and halfe finger thicke fashioned like round coueâ— or 〈◊〉 of pots and in the middest they shall be made fast to a little sticke or woodden 〈◊〉 manner of a graspe by which one may handle them you shall dip the same 〈◊〉 well wet in water in the vessell where the Waxe shall be melted and pâ—eâ—â—â—ly after you shall pull them out full of Waxe and put them in the water â—ubs where the 〈◊〉 will abide that shall haue cleaued vnto them you shall gather this wax together and spread euerie peece by it selfe vpon hurdles couered with linnen cloth in the 〈◊〉 heat of the Sunne in the moneth of Iulie and vpon these you shall leaue it till it become white In the meane time while it shall thus lie in the Sunne if it happen 〈◊〉 the heat of the Sunne be so vehement that it melteâ—h the wax so spâ—ed vpon the hurdles you must water and sprinkle it often with coole water by the same meaâ—â— also defend it from the Bees which will flie thither from all corners to 〈◊〉 out the honie Otherwise boyle the wax in water so oâ—t as vntill that you see it 〈…〉 it this manner of whitening wax is not so sure nor of so easie charges as the 〈◊〉 for the often melting of the Wax doth wast it verie much but the drying of it in the Sunne bringeth no great losse as you shall best find after proofe and triall made To make â—earing candle Take two pound of new Wax a pound of good 〈◊〉 and a quarter of a pound of turpentine mixe them and make searing Wax The end of the second Booke THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE COVNTRIE FARME The Orchard or Greene plot CHAP. I. Of the differences of Orchards or Greene plots and the inclosing of the Fruit-Garden THere are three sorts of Orchards or Greene plots the one otherwise called an Arbour contriued with great bankes and this is pointed out and prouided in a field couered with green grasse and a fountaine in the middest of it and wrought-into dâ—uers plaine and euen plots and braunches consisting of loâ—ts which are sustained and borne vp with carpentrie or frames of timber vnder which a great number of people may sit couered ouer head Of this sort I haue seene at Basill and 〈◊〉 other places in Germanie and to â—it a place for this manner of greene plot it 〈◊〉 requisite that it be cleansed from all manner of stones and weeds not so much as 〈◊〉 roots left vndestroyed and for the better accomplishing hereof there must boyâ—â—ng water be powred vpon such ends of roots as sâ—aying behind in the ground canâ—â—ot be well pulled vp and afterward the floore must be beaten and troden downe 〈◊〉 â—ightily then after this there must be cast great quantity and store of turfes of earth 〈◊〉 of greene graâ—â—e the bare earthie part of them being turned and laied vpward 〈◊〉 afterward daunced vpon with the feet and the beater or pauing-beetle lightly 〈◊〉 ouer them in such sort as that within a short time after the graâ—â—e may begin 〈◊〉 peepe vp and put forth like small haires and finally it is made the sporting green 〈◊〉 for Ladies and Gentlewomen to recreate their spirits in or a place whereinto â—â—hey may withdraw themselues if they would be solitarie and out of â—ight The second sort of greene plots is that which our auncient Frenchmen who first â—â—rote our Romane discourses and histories haue taken and vsed for a place of 〈◊〉 for Princes and was called in aâ—ncient time after the manner of a sojouâ—â—ing 〈◊〉 abiding place but now by the name of a beautifull prospect Which beside the â—â—ately building singularly contriued in partitions diuersitie of workes and most â—â—aire windows compassed in with goodly water ditches â—ed from continuall runâ—â—ng Springs doth containe an â—â—ner and base Court with gardens for pleasure and fruits with vnderwoods warrens fishponds and whatsoeuer goodly and beautifull thing is wont to stand about princely palaces The third sort of greene plots is that which we intend to trim vp in this place and it may supplie the place of the fruit garden for a house respecting and looking to thrift and to keepe a houshold for husbandrie such a one as we haue here 〈◊〉 to furnish and set out euerie way well appointed and in which vve are 〈◊〉 to regard profit joyned with a meane and moderate beautie and coâ—â—â—nesse than any vnnecessarie â—umptuousnesse Therefore to goe on in our designed course and intended plot this place requireâ—h that next after the kitchin and flower gardens with their appurtenâ—â—â—â—
you will remouâ— them 〈◊〉 they are or plant them out of their nurserie without other manner of grafting them they vvill not faile to bring you good fruit for the taste and eating as also to 〈◊〉 Cyder of but the best fruit doth alwaies come by grafting for the fruit comming vpon grafting doth alwaies retaine a better forme and groweth more and more kind and withall much the greater but that which groweth of a kernell doth chaung◠〈◊〉 oft as the tree is changed which beareth it And besides you must note that 〈◊〉 all trees which haue a strong fruit grow better of kernels than of boughs yeâ— so it 〈◊〉 that a late â—eed doth bring forth but an ill-fauoured plant especially the said â—eed being put besides his familiar and well pleasing ground CHAP. V. Of Plants Siences and Shooâ—â— THe little siences of Cherrie-trees growne thicke with hairie 〈◊〉 and those also which grow vp from the roots of the great Cherrie-trees being remoued doe grow better and sooner than vpon stones but then they must be taken away and planted whiles they are young 〈◊〉 whiles they be but two or three yeares old for when they are growne thicke they thriue not so well againe if you stay till they be growne groâ—â—e in remouing of 〈◊〉 you must then â—op them and strip them cleane of their braunches setting their great end in the earth the depth of a foot and after treading downe the earth and pricking downe withall at the foot of euerie plant a little stake to hold them fast and to let the vvinds and vvhatsoeuer other thing from harming them But especially you must see that you cut not siâ—nces at any other time than in Winter for that moisture and coolenesse during the time of Winter especially is a meanes to conserue and keepe them and thereupon also they grow and bring forth their fruit the better afterward The Mulberrie tree groweth after the same manner of little â—iences although the best way of planting it be by taking a twigge thereof from the great branches which are cut from the old tree of the length of a foot and setting it good and deepe in the ground and that in such sort as that the ground may couer it three or foure fingers and this done you must see that in Sommer it be watered diligently Fâ—â—berts in like manner doe grow of smal shoots which grow forth of the roots of good Filbere-trees that are well rooted these â—iences must not haue their braunches cut off when they are remoued except they be growne great and ful of branches but three yeares after that they are remoued if they doe not prosper and grow faire you must cut them close by the ground and they will put forth a bush of streight siences verie smooth and neat and of these you may chuse whether you will suffer the fairest onely or all together to grow vp and continue The siences of the Oliue-tree which you intend to transplant must be long and faire ones and full of grosse and thicke moisture so as that they may be taken and grasped in the hand and the barke thereby nothing hurt They must be drawne ouer with dung mixt with ashes the head and the foot and after laid in the earth as they vvere vpon the Tree the lower end more downeward and into the earth and the higher end more vpward and looking into the aire for else they will not take at all and this must be a generall obseruation in transplanting of all manner of siences The siences of a vvell stringed root of a good plum-tree not grafted doe yeeld being transplanted a fruit no vvhit inferiour vnto that of the chiefe and principall plum-trees from which you haue â—aken them But and if the old plum-trees be grafted you must also take grafts and graft them in other plum trees or wild cherrie-trees or vpon â—oure Cherrie-Trees and not to vngraâ—t siences to transplant them Garden plummes and hartlike cherries doe not grow naturally being planted of siences but desire rather to be grafted of grafts CHAP. VI. Of pricking downe or fastening in the earth of small or great braunches SPrigs or plants taken from boughs or branches doe grow more speedily and come to better perfection than the â—eed of kernels or the setting of stones especially if it be put a little besides his owne ground and soylie and of this sort are â—ig-trees quince-trees and pomâ—granâ—t-trees When a man is disposed to pricke downe some small sprig of a Mulberrie Figge Quince Cornell Pomegranat and Plum-tree or many sprigs of all these kinds and their diuers sorts he must cut them off betwixt the first of Nouember and the later end of December or a little after and he must see that these his sprigs be faire and well fauoured ones hauing a sound barke full of little eyes and as thicke as a sticke or thicker He must chuse such as be streight and full of moysture consisting of one onely rodd and of young vvood as of some three or foure yeares old and that they haue also as much old vvood as they haue young and they must be sharpened like a stake for the value of the length of halfe a foot but the bare must be left on vpon one side that their end which you meane to put into the ground must be writhen and steept in vvater or else you must cleaue it a little in quarters and make it stand vvide open and gape vvith a beane in the cleft or else some 〈◊〉 little small stone put in the middest thereof and so pricke it downe in the earth a foot dâ—â—pe or else let it in a little-boxe of pease full of water and so put them all into the ground together The braunches must be gathered vpon a tree that is a good handfull thicke and hath borne fruit they must likewise be verie â—ound and they may be watered with a pipe which goeth downe vnto the root Obserue and marke 〈◊〉 the place nature of the soyle and aspect or scituation of the tree from whence you haue gathered the branch to pricke it downe on the same side the like soyle and the same scituation and lay vpon it some Elder-tree if so be that you would not haue it 〈◊〉 shoot vp into a tall tree but to continue alwaies low the braunches being such they will take the better and not breake in the gathering To plant the Figge-tree after the manner of the Genowais which shall beare fruit within three yeares after and it may be thus planted all Sommer time there must be taken a Figge-tree branch that hath borne fruit two or three yeares and that 〈◊〉 hauing leaues and fruit vpon it or not it must be sharpened and cut biace and pâ—icked thicke about that end which shall be set into the ground and afterward planted in a pit halfe a foot deepe in such sort as that the top of it may abide aboue the ground with
three or foure of the little eyes and be couâ—â—ed with straw for 〈◊〉 daies and watered euerie one of those sixe daies afterward let it be vncouered because by this time it will haue put forth and in the end of the yeare towards the moneth of Februarie you must cut off that which is put forth close by the earth and after that 〈◊〉 will shoot so mightily as that it will beare fruit the second yeare CHAP. VII Of the manner of making Siences for to plant FOr to make Siences of diuers sorts which you may plant and set â—â—â—â—ding as you shall haue need cut in the Winter some great tree if it begin to be yellow or vvaxe bleake and pale and whereof you 〈◊〉 haue increase saw off some stockes of the thickest braunches into â—â—â—choons about the length of a foot and make a furrow in some verie far ground and of that depth as that you may set your â—â—uncheons in them endwaies the earth cast vpon and courering them some three or foure fingers and prouiding that being thus 〈◊〉 in this furrow they may stand halfe a foot one from another couer them well and vvater them in Sommer if there be need and weed them verie well its space of time they will put forth â—iences which you may remoue when they haue taken rootâ—â—â— two or three yeares but and if they haue not as then any roots set them good and deepe into good earth that so you may cause their roots to grow And these â—iences will pâ—â— forth other which will likewise serue Marke it that all trees that put forth 〈◊〉 if you cut them in Winter they will shoot out aboundance of â—iences all which will be good to be planted The barberie redde corant and goose-berrie-trees are planted likewise in Winter vpon â—iences that come out of their roots and they must haue some hairy 〈◊〉 but and if they haue no roots there must some be procured to grow out of them CHAP. VIII Of planting of shoots of a yeares growth PRopagating or planting of Trees is fittest for such as haue beene planted of siences and such as doe put forth siences and small shoots from their roots for this causeth them to beare a more beautifull fruit and more aboundantly and more durable because they attract and draw a greater quantitie of iuice out of the earth For this cause Plum-trees Cherrie-trees Pomegranate-trees and all other Garden-trees that are wont to be grafted vpon wild ones would be propagated or planted for in as much as the wild one doth not draw such and so much iuice as the grafted tree doth require it is necessarie that it should be planted As and if a sweet Cherrie-tree should be grafted vpon a wild Cherrie-tree or one that beareth verie sowre Cherries such a Cherrie-tree would not continue and last long neither indeed will it beare anie sweet Cherries if it be not planted a yeare or two after that it is grafted and the reason hereof is because the wild Cherrie-tree draweth not iuice ynough to cause the tree to grow and withall the iuice which it doth draw is not so familiar or fit to bring forth and nourish sweet Cherries There are foure sorts of planting or propagating as in laying of shoots or little branches whiles they are yet tender in some pit made at their foot as shall be said hereafter or vpon a little ladder or in a basket of earth tied to the bottome of the branch or in boaring a Willow through and putting the branch of the tree into the hole as shall be fully declared in the Chapter of Grafting There are likewise diâ—ers seasons for to propagate in but the best is in the Spring and March when the trees are in flowers and begin to grow lustie The young planted siences or little grafts must be propagated in the beginning of Winter a foot deepe in the earth and good manure mingled amongst the earth which you shall cast forth of the pit wherein you meane to propagate it to tumble in vpon it againe In like manner the superfluous siences must be cut close by the earth when as they grow about some speciall impe which wee meane to propagate for they would doe nothing but rot For to propagate you must digge the earth round about the tree that so the roots may be in a manner halfe layd bare afterward draw into length the pit on that side where you meane to propagate and according as you perceiue that the roots will be best able to yeeld and be gouerned in the same pit so vse them and that with all gentlenesse and stop close your sience in such sort as that the wreath which is in the place where it was grafted may be a little lower than the sience of the new wood growing out of the earth euen so high as it possibly may be If the tree that you would propagate should be somewhat thicke and thereby the harder to plie and somewhat stiffe to lay in the pit then you may cut the stocke almost to the middest betwixt the root and the wrythen place and so with gentle handling of iâ— to bow â—owne into the pit the wood which the grafts haue put forth and that in as round a compasse as you can keeping you from breaking of it afterward lay ouer the cut with gummed wax or with grauell and sand If there be manie siences and impes in the plant which you would encrease multiplie and propagate and that all of them by hap or casualtie doe breake in propagating of them the remedie will be to set the tree straight vp and to couer the roots â—gaine with the earth that was about them before and which you had taken away and then to cut all the broken siences a little vnder where they are broken and to leaâ—e them so vntill another yeare when they shall haue put forth new shoots which the Winter following you may propagate but and if of all those siences there remaine some one not broken goe forward and propagate it cutting close by the ground some of the wrythen place and of those shoots which are not broken In propagating of them see that you lay good quantitie of the siences of your branches into the pit couch them there verie round couering them with the earth which you cast vp in making the pit after that you haue first mixt it with good fat â—ould and tread it downe by little and little aboue and looke that none of the said siences doe rise againe after you haue so troden them downe This being done 〈◊〉 right vp all the ends which shall come out of the earth and that so high as you can and to 〈◊〉 them rest for three or foure yeare before you furrow them euen vntill the 〈…〉 taken earth and be alreadie become full of hairie strings you must prickestickes about them for to handsome them taking heed that you breake them not Three or foure yeares after you must doe the earth
you shall furnish it euerie manner of vvay as others are deale withall And this kind of grafting is more profitable and sooner growne vp than that which is done in the forme of a Scutcheon CHAP. XVII Of other sorts of kinds of grafting vpon all sorts of Trees YOu may graft in the bud by taking vp the bud of a young shoot or plant and putting it with a little barke in the place of another which you shall haue pulled from the Tree vvhereupon you meane to graft binding it there aboue and below in manner as hath beene said of the Scutcheon-like graft and this may be done at the same time and vpon the same trees You may graft all manner of grafts vpon all manner of trees after this manner Make two pits foure foot euerie way and the one hard by the other in the one of these plant an Oliue-tree and in the other a Figge-tree or any other such like sort of Trees as shall best please you when the Oliue-tree hath taken root you shall bow downe such plants of the same as seemeth vpto you the fairest of the rest and bind them to the foot of the said Figge-tree this being done cut away all the other plants of the said Oliue-tree except they be such as you meane in like manner to graft then cut downe the Figge-tree and make smooth and euen the cut after this clause it in the middest with a wedge after which scape both the sides of the ends of the siences of the Oliue-tree such as the Tree beareth and put them in the cleft of the Fig-tree in such manner as that they may reach through afterward â—ome the said cleft of the Figge-tree on the one side and on the other with tough â—ome and tie fast within the stocke of the said Figge-tree the said plants in such sort as that a man cannot pull them away Thus three yeares after the Figge-tree and Oliue-tree will grow together and the fourth yeare when they are well growne you shall cut and vncoâ—ple the plants of the said Oliue-tree from it as is done in propagating so they shall seeme not to appertaine any longer vnto the Oliue-tree This manner of grafting is verie vsuall in the Countrie of Mans where I remember I haue rasted of a grape which had the cast of a nut because the vine that bare this grape had beene grafted into a nut-tree and after that manner that I haue now spoken of To graft in a Canon Flute or Cornet is thus perâ—ormed You must raise a long Gun or Canon hauing two or three eyelets from oft a new and reclaimed plant that is a finger thicke or thereabout and cleaue it casily the whole length of it after you must raise of the barke of some branch of a plant of the like thicknesse a Canon of the like length to the former and in place of this later you must make fast the foresaid Canon of the said barke of the new branch as forward and close as it can be set and the superfluous barke of that wherewith there is nothing intended to be done is bestowed vpon this thus grafted to defend it after this it is tied aboue and below the eyelets so carefully as that they may not be hutt then you must cut away the wood which is aboue the root and worke it ouer with gummed waxe all along the seames and at the end To graft in the bodie of a Tree is thus You must pierce the stocke of a Tree with a wimble euen vnto the pith and afterward cleansing the hole of the wimble 〈◊〉 well you must by force put a graft thereinto which hath two or three eyelets within and then after that close vp the hole verie sure with waxe To graft vpon a Willow or Colewort Make in the pole of a Willow or stocke of a Colewort two holes reaching to the marrow or pith either halfe a foot from the other set therein as it were by force euen in either of them a graft of such fruit as you your selfe will hauing their barkes seraped off and this in such foâ—t as that the holes be stope all of them therewith after this you must stop the same holes verie will with Waxe pricking downe the said pole within halfe a foot of some water after such a manner as that the grafts may be three fingers vnder the earth and at the end of the yeare when it hath taken root cut the plant in peeces and plant euerie graft where you your selfe will Thus you may graft in the Crowne You must cut oft the bodie of a great Tree rather than a little or thinne one vp on high but yet it may not be old though it may haue a hard barke rather than a soft and thinne afterward you must open it vp aboue on high in three or foure places in the cut of the barke of the said sâ—ocke which done you must with the helue of a penknife of bone being verie sharpâ— pointed put into euerie one of those opened places a graft gathered from the most Easterly part of his owne Tree then you must stop and couer well with toâ—gh 〈◊〉 or clay the wound that is aboue and lay a good cap vpon it so as that neither the raine may be able to wash and corrupt it neither yet the ayre to drie and chinker it after this you must tie the Tree with a coard or band neere vnto the place where the Tree was sawed ofâ— that so it cleaue not then you must thrust in your wedge betwixt the barke and the wood after which it remaineth that these grafts be 〈◊〉 to set round about the bodie of the Tree one distant from another no lesse than foure fingers then for the shutting vp of the matter taking away the coard or girth you must tie the barke with a companie of Oziers being of that length as that they may goe about the bodie of the Tree three or foure turnes and doubles that so by this meanes the grafts may be garded and stand fast against the winds and whatsoeuer other violence and against the bodie of the Tree you must set a stake or prop for to beat it vp and stay it taking away all the shoots that are about it because that by how much the number shall be the lesse by so much the more will the sap proout the strength and grouth of boughs Some doe graft in a Sience after this manner They make way into the Tree and that to the verie pith thereof with a penknife and after grafting a plant therein stop it vp close with Waxe Otherwise and the likelier some take a sience of one joyâ—â— and writh it afterward taking from it his joynts and bark and so graft it vpon a sheet as thicke as it selfe and it taketh quickly To graft in a morsell you must take in the moneth of March a peece of the thicknesse of ones thumbe and sufficient broad and long together with the eyelet
Almond and vvith a brasse pen or otherwise vvrite vpon the rinde of the Almond vvhat you please but doe it not too deepe afterward put the Almond againe into his stone vvrapping the said stone about vvith paper or parchment and so plant it and the fruit growing thereupon vvill be vvritten and ingrauen To make Peaches redd seuen dayes after you haue set the Peach stone take it out of the earth againe and vvithin the opening of the shell put some Vermillion or Cinnabrium and then set it again It will fall out likewise after the same manner if you graft the great Peach vpon the red Rose-tree or vpon the Almond-tree 〈◊〉 vpon the red damaske Plum-tree you may also make the Peach of such other colour as you will if according to the manner aforesaid you put such colour as you would haue it of within the shell of the kernell To preuene that Peaches doe not become withered and rotten you must take away the barke of the stocke of the Peach-tree that so there may issue out from 〈◊〉 some small quantitie of moisture after you must draw the place ouer with mâ—tter mixt with straw Pearce the bodie of the Peach-tree below and take away the pith and fasten within it a stopple of Willow or Corneile-tree and then you shall haue Peaches without any stone Pomegranat-trees will proue verie fruitfull if you annoint the stocke of the Tree with purcelaine and spurge stamped together Of an Almond-tree that is hard and bitter you shall make a soft and sweet if you bare the stocke euen vnto the roots which lie shallowest in the ground and water them oft during certaine daies with warme water before that it bloslome and thus the Almonds that before were bitter will become sweet To make good Muscadell Take an yron wyre and put it in the plant of a stocke which is cut with three eyes vsing the meanes to haue all the pith forth after which fill vp the said stocke with Nurmegs stopping it so therewithall that the water may not get in and the rootes that these three eyes shall beare will bee Muscadell rootes That nut will haue a ve ie tender shell and a verie thicke kernell in whose foote stocke and rootes there are put ashes To cause a Nut-tree that beareth no leaues before Midsommer vpon Midsommers euen to put forth both leaues and fruit together and withall to haue his fruit ripe and readie to care as soone as any other fill a pot with greene Nuts gathered the said Midsommer euen and make a hole in the bottome of the pot that the water may runne out putting it after that vpon the said Midsommers euen into the earth Plant the shootes that come of these and you shall find the thing before spoken of The grafting which is performed to a graft vpon a tree correspondent and 〈◊〉 to the nature of the graft proueth of most beautifull growth and most fruitfull and his fruit most durable which falleth not out when this correspondencie synpadne and fellowship is wanting and this is the cause why the Peach-tree though better being grafted in the plum-tree than elsewhere and the Peare-plum-tree in the Almond-tree and there continue a longer time If the eyelet of the Peare-plum-tree and of the Almond-tree be grafted together the kernell of the fruit which commeth thereof will be an Almond The Plum-tree grafted vpon the Almond-tree beareth a fruit like vnto the Almond and if it be grafted in the Nut-tree the rind or huske will be like vnto the nut huske or rind but within it will be a plum Againe if it be grafted vpon a quince-tree it will bring forth a fruit of a diuers fashion according to the nature thereof Graft a Plum-tree graft or any other fruit trees graft vpon the figge-tree and you shall haue your fruit to grow without blossoming Graft the grafts of an apple-tree vpon a â—owre peare and vpon the Richardine apple-tree and you shall haue apples of a yelâ—â—â— or straw colour and of the chesur-tree to haue such as will last vnto Nouember you must graft them vpon a quincâ—-tree and other late trees and so they will be for to keepe two yeares Take two grafts of apple-trees the one sowre and the other sweet and joyne them close together when you shall graft them the apple will raste both of the one and other fauour as we haue said before If any tree bring forth his fruit late or if it be altogether barren and without fruit and yet full of both leafe and vvood set in the middest of his maine roots 〈◊〉 else in the middest of his stocke about Winter a wedge of greene-wood 〈…〉 yere following it will beare fruit The reason is because by the meanes of 〈…〉 the sap and substance which wandred abroad and imployed it selfe about the bearing of leaues and increase of wood will draw in it selfe and goe a closer and neerer way to worke conuerting his seruice to the making of fruit You shall haue Cherries on many Trees which will be good to eat vnto Nouember if you graft the Cherrie-tree vpon a reclaymed Mulberrie-tree and vpon a wild one If you desire that the fruit of your grafts should increase in goodnesse and furpasse the tast of the common grafts as they are when they are grafted you must first before you graft them steepe them in honie tempered with Rose-water so long as till they be throughly moistened and then grafting them draw them oâ—er afterward in steed of morter with Virgins-wax and other things fit to lute withall if after this manner you graft Medlar-trees on Goose-berrie-bushes and vpon naturalized mulberrie-trees and withall in the grafting wet your graft in honie you shall haue a hastier or earlier and better fruit Graft Chesnur and Calioâ—-peare-trees vpon a Goose-berrie-bush if you would haue them to beare their fruit earely and vpon the white thorne for to beare it late or else vpon the sowre peare-tree To make apples red you must water the tree with vrine or else plant Rose-trees neere vnto the Apple-trees Peares will haue no stones if at the first you picke away the stones and all other grauell from vnder them verie carefully making the ground where the Tree shall stand free thereof and withall lay vpon it at the roots being planted good store of â—iâ—ted earth watering it afterward verie diligently but and if the peare-tree be alreadie growne vp and become a perfect Tree you must lay it open to the lowest roots taking away all the stones and grauell that is vnderneath and about it and casting in the earth againe which you cast forth abroad but after that it hath beene â—iâ—ted and some dung put vnto it seeing that it be watered after you haue so cast in your earth The pomegranat will become verie red if you water the pomegranat-tree with water and lee mingled together The
sowre pomegranat will become sweet if you lay about the root of the pomegranat-tree the dung of swine and water it with mans vrine Graft the graft of the Peach-tree vpon the Quince-tree you shall haue Peaches and Quinces together likewise if you graft vpon the Peach-tree the graft of the Quince-tree The graft of an Almond-tree grafted vpon a Peach-tree or that of the Peach-â—ree grafted vpon an Almond-tree causeth the one tree or the other to bring forth â—oth Peaches and Almonds whose rind and kernell also will be good to eat To haue a pippin or kernell to bring forth a faire fruit and timelier than any other graft vpon the same stocke take the branches of the Peare-tree or Apple-tree and 〈◊〉 the lower end make little holes but not cleane through and not within a hand-â—redth one of another they must be one right ouer against another and haue a grain 〈◊〉 two of â—alt put into them and hereupon the branch laied in the earth with a few â—ats cutting oft the end as is vsed to be done with grafts when they are grafted If â—ereupon the branch take and wax greene it wil beare a fairer and timelier fruit than â—ny other of that kind To haue red Apples you must plant Rose-trees or Mulberrie-trees neere vnto the Apple-trees Or else set some stake in the earth neere vnto the Apple-tree and there â—eere at hand set a vessell full of water whereupon the Southerne Sunne beames may â—liâ—estly beat in such sort as that the vapour which shall rise from the water may beat â—gainst the fruit or else vncouer the Apple-tree at the foot in the Spring time and â—ater them sundrie times with vrine coueting them againe aboue ten or twelue daies â—fter and watering them with vrine betwixt times To make apples sweet you must water the roots of the apple-tree with mans vrine â—herein hath beene disâ—olued goats dung and the lees of old wine To haue great cherries you must often breake the cherrie-tree To haue great quantitie of apples you must compasse the stocke of the apple-tree the height of a foot aboue the earth with a plate of lead taken from the pipe of aspâ—â—â— and when the apple-tree beginneth to blossome you must take away this band of lead This banding may be renewed euerie yeare to make the apple-tree fruitfull the like course also may be taken with the peare-tree To make a tree to beare grapes together with the fruit of his owne kind Put the stocke of a vine in the foot and boring the tree cleane through with a wimble you shall at this hole put through the vine stocke in such â—ore as that there may be two joynts remayâ—ing within the stocke and so much oâ— your vine stocke at remayâ—â—th within the stocke of the tree must be pilled and the barke taken away that so the substance of the tree and of the vine stocke may more easily grow together 〈◊〉 this you shall stop the holes of the said bore verie close both of the one side and of the other to preuent all daunger of water getting in and at the end of three yeares cut off the vine stocke behind thus your tree will beare grapes and his owne naturall fruit and both they will grow from the same trunke or bodie Graft the graft of an apple-tree vpon a peach-tree and likewise the graft of a peach-tree vpon a peare-tree and on the contrarie and you shall haue a strange fruâ—â— called peach-apples and peach-peares And thus likewise standeth the case if you graft as hath beene said the graft of a peare-tree CHAP. XIX Of the time of planting and manner of transplanting of grafted trees both great and small SOme say that it is best to plant in the Spring Equinoctiall which is the time about the twelfth of March because that trees at than time 〈◊〉 root and bud more readilie and put forth the sooner especâ—ally 〈◊〉 places The greatest part of this our countrie of France 〈…〉 transplant trees before and after the foure and twentieth of December at which 〈◊〉 we see here in the citie of Paris euerie Wednesday and Saturday great sale of 〈◊〉 sorts of trees and yet in my judgement this is not the best time to plant and â—â—â—â—plant because that trees would not be washed nor wet about their feeâ— in such 〈◊〉 as they are planted but for the time before and after the foure and 〈◊〉 of Nouember which is called the dead Moneth it doth nothing but raine for the 〈◊〉 part as we haue obserued for this ten yeares space and although this 〈◊〉 were cold as some commonly report that for three weekes before this day and thrâ—â— weekes after great cold doe rule and raignes then if the cold be so great how should it be but that the roots of the Trees transplanted as also other plants should 〈◊〉 especially the earth being newly stirred as is most euidently appâ—â—â—â— in 〈◊〉 But the best time to transplant Trees 〈…〉 Autumne because that in 〈◊〉 there is as it were a shadow of Sommer S. Martins Sommer and in this time 〈◊〉 â—â—â—meth as though Trees would make a new Spring as the blossoming of some Trees the same time doth seeme oftentimes to perâ—uade and for that in this 〈◊〉 Trees 〈◊〉 root much better than in Winter in which time there is nothing almost 〈◊〉 And if the case so stand as that it is fit for to plant great thicke Trees the 〈◊〉 must be made sixe moneths before and that because the earth should thereby be corrected and as it were renâ—wed by the ayte and hear as husband 〈…〉 workemen know verie well which turne their grounds before Winter and all the time thereof let them lye thus tilled then by a farre stronger reason you 〈…〉 it is much better to plantâ— trees 〈◊〉 Autumâ—â—e than in Winter But howsoâ—â—â— it be when you plant any thing in 〈◊〉 it must be done some fiue daies before the end of August and in high and drie places men plant at all times and seasons It is good to sow or set the first day of the first quarter of the Moone but the 8 9 10 11 12 13 17 and 18 it is not good If you plant in the decrease of the Moone the tree will yeeld the more profit and fruit will grow the sooner thereupon and by how much your planting falleth to be neerer vnto the end and going out of the Moone by so much the tree will be of a more beautifull growth and becomming more ferâ—ile and fruitfull but and if you plant in the encreasing and new Moone indeed your trees will take better and become more durable and lasting they will spread in root and wood and leaues but they will giue ouer so much the more to beare fruit If constrained by some necessitie you plant in the new of the Moone then it will be best for you to breake off the shoots that they shall thereupon put forth about
excellent good against melancholie and the wormes if you make syrrups thereof of seuen or eight infusions to be taken fasting The gumme of the Peach-tree is taken with good successe in the spetting of bloud with the water of Plantaine or Purcelane for the cough and difficultie of breathing with Hydromel or the decoction of Folefoot for the grauell and stone with the 〈◊〉 of Radishes Citrons or white Wine the weight of two drammes The leaues stamped and applyed vnto the belly doe kill wormes the iuice thereof dropt into the 〈◊〉 doth the like the kernels eaten take away the wringings of the belly eaten to the number of six or seuen in the beginning of meat they preuent drunkennesse 〈◊〉 and boyled in vineger to the forme of a broth and after rubbed in place conâ—enient they hinder the falling of the haire stamped and made in forme of milke with the water of Veruaine and â—ubd about the browes and temples they cease the head-ach the oyle made by expression ceaseth the paines of the eares and 〈◊〉 the Collicke and Sciatica He that hath regard of his health must not vse these fruits but as sparingly as he can possibly and fasting rather than otherwise because they corrupt easily in the stomacke but aboue all things they may not be eaten dipped or steeped in wine because wine correcteth them not as some thinke but rather causeth that their 〈◊〉 pierceth the more suddainely and easily into the veines The Peaches of Corbeilâ—â—â— counted for the best hauing a drie and solide pulpe and somewhat red not sticking or cleauing anie thing vnto the kernell The Romanes made great accounâ— of the Peaches which they called Persica Duracina as doe also the Brittons The least dangerous least subiect to be corrupted and most pleasant are the Abricots which also some haue left out of the number of the kinds of Peaches and placed amongst the Plums as well because of their pleasant smell as for their harmelesnesse and 〈◊〉 both within and without they doe rather resemble the Plum than the Peach The oyle pressed out of their kernell is maruellous good against the Hemâ—â—â—◠〈◊〉 and swelling of vlcers and is also vsed as a remedie against the impediments of the speech and paine of the eares CHAP. XXIII Of the small Nut-tree or Hasel-tree THe Hasel-tree which is called the small Nut-tree of the small fruit which it beareth or the Filberd-tree of the great fruit that it beareth groweth in anie aire or ground but it best delighteth in a leane ground that is sandie and moist neere vnto waters or in places that men vse to water because this helpeth them as well in the bringing forth of their fruit in great store as for to make them endure long adde hereto that they put forth and spring in such sort at the root as that thereof one may set as manie as he will in other places When they are sowne they must be put two fingers vnder ground but indeed they grow better of a plant that hath root or of a shoot cut by as and hauing old and new wood as we haue alreadie declared in the sixt chapter They are planted in October and Nouember in a warme and temperate place or in Februarie and March and it is better to leaue vpon them some boughes when they are set than to set them of one single rod for so they beare the more fruit They must yearely be digged anew at the Spring neere vnto the foot and round about and their shoots all cut away without leaking anie standing saue three or foure for to plant and make thick bushie shadow and the same verie neat and cleane for height not leauing anie branch or bough after three or foure fadome from the top Wherefore if they be oft lopped picked and pruned they will grow the more streight compact and high and will beare better and fairer fruit but otherwise if a man neglect them they runne out all their nourishment into wood and leaues without fruit Their fruit is called the small Nut or Filberd The Filberd of hot Countries where such trees are called Filberd-trees is more round and fleshie than the French small Nut and it is a fruit verie easily dried and made yellow But and if you would keepe it fresh and white almost all the yeare long shut it vp close in an earthen pot and set them in the earth and when it is thus kept it bringeth not so much annoyance with it as otherwise it would for it naturally procureth drowsie headach and inflammation of the stomacke I know not by what obseruation of our ancestors this speech hath growne common amongst the people That the yeare which yeeldeth plentie of Nuts doth also yeeld manie mariages Both the little Nut-tree as also his fruit haue a certaine contrarie vertue against venimous beasts for if you hang a cluster of small Nuts in anie part of the house no Scorpion or venimous beast will enter thereinto but slie away presently The Countrey people haue likewise marked in all ages that the Serpent Lizard or other venimous beast dieth presently hauing beene stricken with a branch staffe or rod of the Hasel-tree And it is no maruell seeing Nut kernels eaten with Figges and Rue doe resist venime and the biting of venimous beasts The best small Nuts and Filberds and those which haue red shells and which are hardly broken The raw shell finely powdred and drunke with water of Carduus Benedictus doth heale the pleurisie in the beginning thereof being drunke to the quantitie of two drammes with red wine it stayeth the flux of the belly and the whites It is true that for the flux of the belly and whites â—he red part of the kernell which sticketh vnto the shell within is a great deale better and more forcible The Filberd nourisheth a great deale better than the Nut as being â— closer but not so fat a substance CHAP. XXIIII Of the Cherrie-tree sweet Cherrie-tree bitter Cherrie-tree and the hart Cherrie-tree IT is apparant that common Cherrie-trees sweet Cherrie-trees bitter Cherrie-trees and hart Cherrie-trees are sorts of trees agreeing in manie things for they all delight to grow in a cold and moist ground or else altogether indifferent betwixt hot and cold for a hot ayre they 〈◊〉 hardly endure and so likewise they refuse to haue anie dung because it ouer-heatech them and is contrarie vnto them and for this cause they must neuer be planted in a manured ground Notwithstanding if you so temper the dung as that it may not be ouer-hot for them it cannot â—urt them to be dunged no more than as wee will shew by and by to haue vnquench◠〈◊〉 laid to their feet to hasâ—en their fruit but this is true that if you dung them yearely that then you shall not haue them of anie loâ—g continuance They delight rather to haue their roots compassed with small branches and the broken parts of their owne siences or small lumpes and gobbets cut from their owne
small branches for in these they greatly reioyce and profit mightily â—â—uing them in stead of dung You may either digge the kernell into the ground and burie it or else plant of the siences neere the tops of hills and mountaines whether 〈◊〉 be in a high or low place in October Nouember December and Ianuarie You may graft them in Nouember or according to Palladius from the twelfth day of December vnto the first of Februarie The best is to graft them in Februarie and in March albeit that it be the best cutting of all trees that yeeld gumme when the gumme is not yet rising or after it is quite gone downe and returned from whence it rise Lastly Cherrie-trees neuer thriue so well being nothing done vnto but planted as when they are graâ—â—ed they delight to haue their dried branches often weeded out from themselues and the siences growing at their foot they delight also to be set in holeâ— and pits that are digged and cast and to be often digged about And if you would hasteâ— and cause them to bring forth their fruit sooner you must lay Quicke lime to the foot of them or else water their roots often with warme water but then such fruit is 〈◊〉 altered and made worse retaining but little of his naturally goodnesse euen as 〈◊〉 will proue and find by the hastie Cherries which the inhabitants of Poictiou send 〈◊〉 vpon horsebacke They may be grafted vpon the Plum-tree and Corneile-tree but best vpon one of their owne kind in such sort as that sweet Cherrie-trees being grafted vpon 〈◊〉 Cherrie-trees doe beare a more soft Cherrie than those are which grow vpon sweet Cherrie-trees grafted into sweet Cherrie-trees Cherries grow fairest vpon small Cherrie-trees and more plentifully also than they doe vpon high and tall ones Wherefore who so shall graft the small Cherrie-tree vpon the great shall procure greater store of fruit and more thicke ones such as are the wild Cherries and also 〈◊〉 haue more store of great boughs than those trees haue which doe but as it were 〈◊〉 on the earth In like manner if when you graft them you set the bud and the 〈◊〉 of the graft below the boughes that grow forth thereupon will fall out after 〈◊〉 like manner The Coeurs and Agriots may be grafted vpon the common sweet Cherrie-tree but better vpon wild ones than vpon garden ones We must therefore acknowledge eight sorts of Cherries growing vpon Cherrie-trees that is to say those which are properly Cherries hauing a verie short stalke round apple being also red fleshiâ—â— full of iuice sharpe and hauing a sweet kernell wild Cherries which haue but a liâ—tle flesh on them but are red also on that side toward the Sunne and white on the other side the stone cleaâ—ing to the flesh blacke Cherries whose iuice is so blacke as that it coloureth the hands and lippes bitter Cherries which are somewhat of a bitter tast whereof they haue their name Guyens Cherries so called because their first originall was in Guyenne they are long ones and manie hanging together at one stalke they are also verie sweet Piugarres and these are grosse thicke ones white hauing a hard flesh but sweet and cleauing vnto the kernell Coeurs which are like vnto a mans heart as well without as within their kernall some doe call these Cherries Heaumes and the Cherry-tree Heaumier especially in the Countrey of Aniou Agriâ—ts which are ripe last of all are sharpe relished and endure carriage farre off and they are also the same which are wont to be preserued Of the speciall properties and vertues of the Cherry and Cherry-tree see the nineâ—â—enth chapter of this Booke wherein is declared how the Cherry may be made to grow without anie stone If the Cherry-tree be hurt of Pisâ—â—ires you must rubbe his stocke with the iuice of Purcelane if it be too full of sappe you must make a hole in the principall root Cherries how faire soeuer they be yet they are of small nourishment beget â—uill humours in the stomack and wormes in the bodie and such are those especially which â—re called Coeurs The sharpe sweet Cherries are verie delicate fit to preserue with Sugar as well for such as are found as for them which are sicke The bitter Cherries â—re good raw but better drie and in sawces pastes and tart stuffe The sweet Cherâ—ies are chiefely commended in that they make the bodie soluble as the sharpe or â—ager ones doe bind it coole it and temper the heat of choler The gumme of Cherry-tree drunke with white wine doth breake the stone as well of the reines as of the â—ladder The water of Cherries newly gathered being distilled with a gentle fire and taken at the mouth in the quantitie of halfe an ounce doth put off the fit of the â—alling sicknesse a thing verie happily and with good successe tryed in manie as Manardus assureth vs. CHAP. XXV Of the Quince-tree ALl Quince-trees as well that of the Garden as the wild one and of the Garden ones as well the male as the female desireth a cold ground and especially that which is moist withall notwithstanding that we haue seene them as well to grow in the places lying open to the Sunne as at Conâ—lans a place belonging to Monsieur de Ville-roy neere vnto Paris but yet indeed not farre off from a Riuer and this kind of tree doth so much craue to haue the companie of moisture as that if the time fall out drie the necessitie thereof must be â—upplyed by watering of it and if for want of moist and waterish ground it be set 〈◊〉 a drie ground or in a stonie or clayie ground it must then also be often refreshed with water and must also be vnder-digged and laboured about the foot that so the â—â—â—et of the night may pierce and sinke downe vnto the roots that so it may bring â—orth good fruit and good store thereof When it is planted of rootes it growâ—â—th so well as that the second yeare it beareth fruit but it beareth not so soone when it is planted of branches It would be planted during the encrease of the Moone in the moneths of Februarie or Nouember This tree is verie commonly vsed to graft other trees vpon because they being grafted thereupon doe continue and endure longer and beare a more delicate fruit than if they were grafted vpon trees of their owne kind The best time for the gathering of this fruit is in the moneth of October when that blasting comes and it groweth to be of a golden colour for this is a signe that it is ripe and this must bee in cleare and faire weather and in the decrease of the Moone and then you must cleanse it from the mossie hoarinesse that is vpon it and lay them out orderly in the Sunne vpon hurdles If the Quince-tree make anie shew of being sicke you must water it with the â—â—â—lings of oyle mingled with equall quantitie of water or else with Quicke lime
and Nouember in a warme and temperate ayre but in Februarie March or Aprill where it is a cold ayre and yet the Genowayes doe plant branches all the moneth of August as they are laden with leaues and fruit As for the grafting of it that may be done in Aprill as well in the bodie or stocke as in the barke or rind Some say that the Figge-tree planted amongst Vines doth it no annoyance which is in some part true because there is some 〈◊〉 and agreement betwixt the Figge and the Grape and both their woods are full of thick pith and Raisins or dried Grapes being wrapped in Figge leaues doe not onely keepe well and sound according to their nature but amend and become better 〈◊〉 in tast and smell and in part false because the Figge-tree casteth one such large branches and broad leaues as that the shadow thereof doth hurt the Vine There are some low dwarfish Figge-trees like vnto the Peach-tree the fruit of which Peach-trees is somewhat agreeing with the Grape so as that the Peach being 〈◊〉 into red wine doth most highly content and please the tast and these indeed 〈◊〉 doe small harme vnto Vines standing amongst them but hee that troubleth 〈◊〉 the Vine stockes with anie kind of tree at all shall doe better than hee which 〈◊〉 otherwise If you desire to haue low Figge-trees and such as may be kept in 〈…〉 vnder your windowes to satisfie your desire with their pleasant sight cut in the Spring time a shoot of the Figge-tree before it bud wrythe his top with your hand set it the wrythen top downe in the earth and the end where it was cut vpward and out of the earth it will put forth manie small boughes all about the 〈◊〉 which will beare pleasant fruits the tree continuing to remaine alwaies low You shall haue early Figges if you water the Figge-tree with oyle and Pigeons dung and oâ— the contrarie late ones if you take away the first buds when they are growne to be as bigge as Beanes The Figge-tree the elder it is the more fruitfull it falleth out to be It is verie subiect to be eaten of vermine and the meanes to free it from this mischiefe is to set by it some Onions or else for to kill the vermine you must scatter Quicklime or 〈◊〉 old Vrine or the lees of Oyle there about the place It will not be cost soft to annoint the stocke with the iuice of Mulberries or if you spread and loame it ouer with red Fullers earth when it is a full Moone or if you hang at the branches of it young Figges newly put forth Furthermore Figges will grow with letters vpon them and garnished with what shape you desire it when you graft the 〈…〉 you write in the eye of the Figge-tree such proportion as you would haâ—e that 〈◊〉 Figges should beare and besides without vsing anie such curious course 〈◊〉 delighteth to sport her selfe with this fruit in such manner as that shee 〈…〉 an infinite number of figures and indented notches full of pleasantnesse to 〈◊〉 and these are tokens of the goodnesse of the Figge for as it is verie 〈◊〉 the 〈◊〉 doth constraine the skinne to fall into wreaths and to quarter out a thousand shapes This is a maruellous thing that although the fruit of the Figge-tree be verie 〈◊〉 yet the leaues thereof are of a sharpe and bitter tast Likewise the wood being 〈◊〉 doth yeeld a sharpe smoake and the ashes a verie scouring lee and 〈◊〉 strong because of his sharpnesse as if the Figge-tree had bestowed and 〈◊〉 all the whole substance of his sweetnesse vpon the Figge and had leâ—t 〈◊〉 a 〈◊〉 for it selfe This is also a maruellous thing that the Figge-tree is not subiect vnto the Thunder-claps We haue oftentimes tried that if you steepe two or three Figges in 〈…〉 night that such Figges eaten in the morning doe cure the shortnesse of breath 〈◊〉 milke of the Figge-tree dropt into the eare killeth the wormes therein The 〈…〉 the Figge-tree rubd doe prouoke the Hemorrhoids Looke for a more ample discourse of Figges and the Figge-tree in the second Booke CHAP. XXVIII Of the Apple-tree THe Apple-tree which is most in request and the most precious of all others and therefore called of Homer the Tree with the goodly fruit groweth any where and in as much as it loueth to haue the inward part of his wood moist and sweatie you must giue him his lodging in a fat blacke and moist ground and therefore if it be planted in a grauelly and sandie ground it must be helped with watering and batling with dung and smal mould in the time of Autumne It liueth and continueth in all desireable good estate in the hills and mountaines where it may haue fresh moisture being the thing that it searcheth after but euen there it must stand in the open face of the South Some make nurceries of the pippins sowne but and if they be not afterward remoued and grafted they hold not their former excellencie it thriueth somewhat more when it is set of braunches or shoots but then also the fruit proueth late and of small value the best is to graft them vpon wild Apple-trees Plum-trees Peach-trees Peare-trees Peare-plum-trees Quince-trees and especially vpon Peare-trees whereupon grow the Apples called Peareâ— maines which is a mixture of two sorts of fruits as also when it is grafted vpon Quince-trees it bringeth forth the Apples called Apples of Paradise as it were sent from heauen in respect of the delicatenesse of their cote and great sweetnesse and they are a kind of dwarffe Apples because of their stocke the Quince-tree which is but of a smal stature The Apple loueth to be digged twice especially the first yeare but it needeth no dung and yet notwithstanding dung and ashes cause it prosper better especially the dung of Sheepe or for lesse charges sake the dust which in Sommer is gathered vp in the high waies You must many times set at libertie the boughes which intangle themselues one vvithin another for it is nothing else but aboundance of Wood wherewith it being so replenished and bepestred it becommeth mossie and bearing lesse fruit It is verie subiect to be eaten and spoyled of Pisâ—nires and little wormes but the remedie is to set neere vnto it the Sea-onion or else if you lay swines dung at the roots mingled with mans vrine in as much as the Apple-tree doth rejoyce much to be watered with vrine And to the end it may beare fruit aboundantly before it begin to blossome compasse his stocke about and tie vnto it some peece of lead taken from some spout but when it beginneth to blossome take it away If it seeme to be sicke water it diligently with vrine and to put to his root Asses dung tempered with water Likewise if you will haue sweet Apples lay to the roots Goats dung â—ingled with mans water If you desire to haue red Apples graft an Apple-tree vpon a blacke Mulberrie-tree If
make candles in such countries as where the oyle is much in request as in Mirebalois and thereabout it affordeth a gristle betwixt the two halfes of the kernell which being dried in the shadow after that the kernell is once perfected and afterward made into powder and drunke with a 〈◊〉 draught of red vvine doth by and by assuage the paine of the colicke as also the fruit comming of it when it is worth nothing but to make refuse and outcastings of as the nut growne old and all hoarie ceasâ—th not notwithstanding to doe good seruice for and if you burne it lightly or squeese it out easily with a hot yrâ—â— the oyle that then wil come forth of it is singular good to take away blewnesse of strokes whether about the eyes or elsewhere in the face or other part of the bodie the old 〈◊〉 serueth also for other vses as shall be said by and by The wood of the walnut tree is good and handsome to put in worke when you would make any faire and 〈◊〉 worke because it is listed and smooth of his owne nature The small buds of the walnut-tree called of he Latins Iuli appearing in March being dried and after powdred and drunke with white vvine the weight of a French crowne are exceedingly good in the suffocation of the matrix The oyle of the nut drunke to the quantitie of fiue or sixe ounces doth cure the colicke if you mixe a little quicke lime amongst the oyle of nuts it will make a singular liniment for the swellings and shortnesse of the sinews The old oyle of walnuts cureth the falling of the haire called Tinea If you pill off the greene pillings of the walnuts and cast them into water and after cast this vvater vpon the ground there will grow from thence great store of wormes good for fishers if you boyle the pillings in a câ—ldron after they be fallâ—â— from the Tree as opening of themselues and rubbe any kind of white wood whatsoeuer with this water it will turne to the colour of the Walnut-tree but more faire and beautifull Some steepe the barke of the roots of Walnut-trees in vinegar and after lay it vpon the wrests of such as haue the ague This draweth out all the heat of the ague but it swelleth the skin of the wrest Some make a soueraigne mithridate against the plague as we haue said in the chapter of rue with two old walnuts three figges twentie leaues of rue and one graine of salt The walnut closed vp in a hen or capon set to the fire to roast causeth the said hen or capon to be the sooner roasted The distilled vvater of vnripe Walnuts gathered about Midsommer is singular good to driue away tertian agues if one take about some foure or fiue ounces of it The Walnut either new or drie but yet the drie somewhat lesse is of hard digestion causeth head-ach and hurteth the cough and short breath and therefore it must be vsed sparingly steepe whole walnuts pillings and shells and all in a sufficient quantitie of water vntill such time as that their shell be sufficiently softned and moistened and that the kernell may be pilled easily from the thin filme that couereth it ouer as it falleth out in greene walnuts this done take the kernells so pilled and let them steepe in a pot vvell couered in verie good Aqua-vitae giue two daies after two or three of these kernells whole to a woman that cannot haue her termes for the space of eight or nine daies before her accustomed time of hauing her termes and that in the morning and after that she hath purged This medicine hath neuer a match in prouoking of the termes that are stayed and it is a thing well proued And as for the manner of keeping and preseruing of them we will speake in his fit place If the same day that you haue beene bitten of a dogge which you doubt to haue beene madde you put vpon the biting an old nut well brayed and after take it away and cast it to a hungrie cock or hen if the same eating it die not it is a signe that the dogge which did bite you was not madde but and if it die then it is a signe that he was madde and therefore the sore must be looked vnto as is meet within three daies CHAP. XXXIIII Of the Oliue-tree NOw we come to speak of the Oliue-tree which is for the most part small thicke of leaues and round for there are some sorts also that haue great branches dispersed here and there out of order both the one and the other sort are contented with a shallow ground for in many places they grow vpon the thin green swarth or turfe that couereth the rocks vpon the ground hanging vpon the sides of some great steeres thus you may see how the oliue-tree disposeth of it selfe euerie where how vnfitting and vnlikely soeuer that the ground be prouided that it haue a warme ayre and Easterly or Southerly wind at command He that would carefully appoint it out such a plot as the vine would require might erre in many places for the oliue-tree is not so much to be regarded in respect of his soyle and seat at the vine for it contenteth it selfe with a great deale lesse than the vine vvill If you giue it ground that is good and fat earth and the Sunne and Winds which it delighteth in in other places doubt not but it will doe as the Spaniard who pleaseth himselfe with as good as nothing when he knoweth not how to amend himselfe or do better and performeth his seruice therewithall but if he come where he may but haue the smell of it he is stuffed as full as the greatest 〈◊〉 in all Lymosin so the Oliue-tree being once seised in his tallance of a good piece of ground contenteth it selfe and beareth fruit handsomely As concerning the planting of it vpon the North in hot Countries and there searing it vpon the toppes of mountaines or lesser hills or vpon the South in cold Countries these are but troubles and paines without anie great foundation for as concerning cold Countries there is no talke to be had of growing of Oliue-trees in them and as concerning hot Coâ—â—tries there is neither taking nor leauing of quarters or coasts in respect of this tree The Oliue-tree doth encrease it selfe by shoots which it putteth forth at the sootâ— for being pulled vp vnhurt and planted elsewhere they grow vp verie speedily And to prepare them a faire place to grow in you must digge them pits where you mind to set them a yeare before hand of foure foot depth and if you cannot haue holes made readie for them so long before but must be constrained to set them downe in new digged ones then you must season and purifie the said holes by burning of the leaues and some small branches of the Oliue-tree therein or else some straw at the least for the fire
the yeare after that they beare out of all measure as in Portugale and the oyle that is made of those is good in the highest degree You must in any case looke to the inconueniences and harmes that the Oliue-tree is subiect vnto Many times in drie or moist places Oliue-trees are spoyled and become all ouergrowne with mosse which must be taken away with one toole or other for else the Oliue-tree will neither abound in leaues nor fruit Sometimes the Oliue-tree although it be faire yet beareth no fruit and then you must bore through the stocke with a wimble and put in good and deepe the graft of a greene bough of a wild oliue-tree or of some other oliue-tree that is fruitful and that vpon either side of the hole then afterward to close vp both the said holes with mortar mixt with straw and the tree as a new made thing wit become fruitful by the grafting in of this graft Others in such case doe vncouer the root and renew the seat that it standeth in Againe it may be remedied and the foot not vncouered with the lees of vnsalted oliues with mans vrine that is old or with the stale vrine of hogges It falleth out many times that the fruit is spoyled and lost by the naughtinesse of the ground where it is planted and then it must be thus remedied The Tree must be vncouered verie low at the â—oot round about and quicke lime put into it more or lesse according to the greatnesse of the Tree for a little tree craueth but a little The Oliue-tree sometimes beareth much fruit or flowres and notwithstanding by a secret disease that is in it it cannot bring them to a good end to ripen them vvhen thâ—â— happeneth the stocke must be vncouered round about and the lees of oyle mixt with sweet water afterward applied thereto Sometimes the Oliue-tree becommeth all withered and falling into a consumption which thing may happen through wormes or other vermine which spoyle and eat the roots and the remedie is to water the foot with lee of Oliues It sometimes also falleth out that the fruâ—t of the Oliue-tree falleth before it be ripe for a remedie whereof take a beane that hath a weeule within it close vp the hole with wax afterward take a greene turfe from neere vnto the root of the Oliue-tree and put the beane in it and so couer it with earth and the fruit of the oliue-tree will not fall Aboue all things you must keepe oliue-trees from Turtle-doues Stares and other such like birds which are exceedingly giuen to â—â—corishnesse As concerning the Oliue-tree and oliues you may see more at large in the second booke and of the oyle in this third booke CHAP. XXXV Of the Date-tree COncerning the Date-tree it hath much a doe to beare fruit in this coâ—â—trie but and if it beare yet it is verie late it craueth to haue a hot ayre and countrie or at the least well tempered and the fruit which it beareth is ripe before the Oliue-tree be good It delighteth in a light sandie and vntilled or champian ground and it is a plant either for Aprill or May to be planted of a small plant with the root The stone is set new in October and there must ashes be mingled with the earth where it is planted and to make iâ— grow and beare goodly fruit it must be watered often with the lees of wine Looke in the second booke Who so is carefull of his health let him not eat any Dates or else as few as possible he can because they cause the head-ach obstructions wringings in the bellie and in the stomach And yet notwithstanding this they stay the flux of the bellie and put into gargarismes they cure the frettings and cankrous vlcers of the mouth CHAP. XXXVI Of the Chesnut tree LEauing the Date-tree we come now to treat of the Chesnut-tree which groweth verie great high and thicke differing but a little from the walnut-tree it beareth a profitable fruit and hath not his like whether you respect the shape his nature or the nourishment it yeeldeth 〈…〉 as is to be seene in Auuergne Sauoy Periguâ—ux and Lymosin and especially in Lyonnoyse and Daulphinie where the great chesnuts grow in which countries especially in Parigord the greatest parts of the forests are of chesnut-trees an infinit 〈◊〉 of people liue not of any other thing but of this fruit eating it sometimes boyled sometimes roasted sometimes made into bread sometimes into broth with 〈◊〉 sometimes in meale baked after another sort Likewise nature seeing the profit 〈◊〉 redounded vnto men from this so profitable a fruit hath fenced and armed it with strong harnesse and such mightie armour as that it goeth for proofe both against the tooth of the beast and beake of the birds so long as it is kept within his vppermost cote and prickly couering yea and furthermore vnder his rind and pilling when it is taken away with another rind that is good and hard and with another that is more soft and fine for the better preseruing of it This tree pleaseth it selfe with such a ground as is lying vpon the North and being moist rather than drie or standing vpon the South for as much as it loueth the shadow better than the open Sunne the valleyes better than the mountaines a soft ground better than that which is hard and massie and a light ground and yet not a sandie or clayie To haue good store of Chesnuts it is better to sow them than to plant them and that in a well digged and stirred ground being also neat and well batled and that in the moneth of March â—etting them in the earth a foot deepe the sharpe end vpward foure or sixe of them together taken out of great and ripe Chesnuts and euerie hole distant from another the space of a fadome and two or three yeares after to plant them in some other places fortie foot asunder euerie one from another and that in respect of the great compasse which they take with their branches on euerie side If you would haue it to grow of a branch it must be such a one as hath root for to make it grow of it selfe by pricking downe into the earth some sience it will neuer be Wherefore the most certaine way is to make it grow of the fruit it selfe pricking it downe into the earth as hath beene said notwithstanding it may be propagated or multiplied burying and sinking some of his new shoots in the earth It taketh likewise if it be grafted in the cleft or in the Canon or Gun-like graft and that in March Aprill and May vpon it selfe or vpon the Beech-tree or vpon the Willow but it then ripeneth verie quickly and beareth a fruit of a sharpe and vnpleasant tast Chesnuts must be gathered in Autumne and kept till their rindes be become of a verie bay colour and cast out their fruit Howbeit if one would keepe them a long time
it were better to beat them downe with poles whiles they be greene and not to tarrie till they fall to the ground for those will not keepe aboue fifteene daies if they be not presently dried in the smoake The manner of keeping Chesnuts is to couer them with common Nuts for the common Nut hath power to drie and inuade the excrementous moisture of all things whereunto it is applyed or else to gather them reasonably ripe in the decrease of the Moone and to put them in a coole place in sand or in some vessell but let in stand continually in the coole and so well stopt as that no ayre may get in for otherwise they will be spoyled and rotten in a short time The fairest best fed and most pleasant Chesnut of all others is that which groweth in the Countrey of Lyonnoise and are called great Chesnuts of Lyons or else I know not as yet from whence they haue taken their name But howsoeuer it is besides the profit of the nourishment and sustenance which the Chesnut yeeldeth the Chesnut-tree is of great vse to make Vessels of as Caske to put wine and other drinkes into to build Bridges withall as also Conduit-pipes Pillars and infinite other things about Buildings Engines props for Vines Pales and Railes for Parkes Gardens and other such places The leaues of the Chesnut-tree after they be fallen are gathered vp before anie raine come to touch them and serueth for litter for Cattell which being thus turned into dung serueth to manure withall Many vse them to fill featherbed-ticks withall and call them mockingly by the nick-name of Parliament-beds because the leaues make a noise when you lye downe vpon them when you rise vp from them or when you moue your selfe anie manner of way to or fro The ashes of the wood of Chesnut-tree is not good to make lee of because it spottâ—â—h and staineth the Linnen so mightily as that such staines will neuer be got out Chesnuts with vineger and barly flower applyed in manner of a Cataplasme vnto womens breasts which are hard doe make the same soft stamped with salt and honâ—y they are applyed vnto the bitings of mad dogges the rinds or skinnes thereof are put manie times in lees which are made to colour the haire yellow their red inward rind which lyeth next vnto the white kernell being drunke the weight of two drammes stayeth all manner of fluxes of the belly and of bloud as also the whites of women with equall quantitie of Iuorie Chesnuts in as much as they be wiâ—die they prouoke men to lust being eaten excessiuely they cause the head-ach they swell and harden the belly and are of hard digestion such as are roasted vnder ashes are lesse hurtfull than the raw or boyled ones especially if they be eaten with pepper per and salt or sugar CHAP. XXXVII Of the Pine-tree THe Pine-tree craueth a sandie light and stonie ground and therefore it groweth willingly in out-cast and contemned plots such as there are manie of by the coasts of the maine Sea It is planted in the moneth of October and Nouember and it is not to be translated till after that it hath beene three years planted and then it must be seated in a well digged place and in an earth well manured with Horse dung This tree hath a nature contrarie vnto the Walnut-tree because it causeth to thriue and prosper whatsoeuer is set vnder the shadow of it againe it is not so combersome as to keepe away the Sunne and the wind from the things that ioyne next vnto it or vnder it The Pine kernes for to be kept must be put in new pots full of earth together with their shells Such as haue weake lungs or are growne leane by some long sicknesse must goe a taking of ayre into the Forests where there are good store of Pines because such ayre is verie profitable for them Their kernels steeped in warme water to take away their oylie qualitie and sharpnesse being often eaten doe cure the ach of the 〈◊〉 the ach of the backe the palsie benummednesse trembling of the parts weaknesse of the lungs shortnesse of breath vlcers of the lungs vlcers of the reines and of the bladder the scalding of the vrine and make fat such as are leane and wasted 〈◊〉 vp lust in such as languish and are weake vnto the workâ— of venerie They cure the gnawings of thâ— stomacke taken with water of Plantaine or iuice of Purcelane The new Nuts of the Pine-tree distilled in a Limbecke make a singular water to take away the wrinckles of the face and to stay the excessiue great growth of womeâ—â— breasts if you apply a Linnen cloth steeped in this water vpto them Set in the second Booke CHAP. XXXVIII Of the Plum-tree AS for the Plum-tree it is a common and ordinarie tree agreeing with 〈◊〉 Countries of whatsoeuer conditions howbeit the Damaske Plum-tree is more cheerefull and pleaseth it selfe better in a drie Countrie and hot aire than it doth elsewhere The Plum-tree will grow easily and encreâ—se infinitely for and if it be once brought into a plot of ground in a short time it â—eiseth it selfe vpon the whole place and if it be planted on the one side of a wall it will leape within a short time after vpto the other side of it and so placeth the wall in the midst It desireth not to be dunged because the dung maketh the fruit to mould or rot and easily to fall downe but it would be oft digged at the foot round about as fâ—rre as the compasse of his roots stretcheth and watred in drie weather It growth vpon a stone buried a foot deepe in the earth that is fat and that in Nouember or Februarie hauing sleept the said stone for three daies space before you sow or set it in lee or longer in a composition of Cinnamon water if you would haue it to yeeld anie aromaticall smell or else of a meere plant hauing a root in a pit a little digged because it graspeth not much ground with his foot but yet it must be good and light and easie to be pierced round about for the affoording of an easie and plentifull seat vnto it It groweth also in prosperous sort if it be grafted after the Scuti hâ—on-like fashion either vpon it selfe or vpon the sweet Cherrie or else in the cleft and that besides the two former vpon the Apple-tree Almond-tree Peach-tree and Ceruise-tree of all which sorts of grafts that is the best which is vpon it selfe or vpon the sweet Cherrie-tree for all the rest are but meanes to cause the Plum to degenerate from his nature and to become bastardly as well in their shape as in their tast The fittest time to graft them is in Februarie or in March and then rather in the stocke than in the barke There is a certaine kind of scab which doth take hold of it and that either by letting the gumme to stand and hang
about it and to wax old which it casteth forth or else by reason of the mosâ—e which it gathereth and for that cause it would haue his gumme taken away at the beginning of cold weather and the mosâ—e rubbed off with a rough Linnen cloth or a mosâ—e rubber of Horse-haire and this at all times There happeneth likewise vnto it an vindisposedesse through the fault of the Gardiner not casting the ground about the foot or cutting off the rotten and corrupt wood whereupon it turneth in and rowleth it selfe vp into small balls sometimes in one place sometimes in moe and this is a disease which being neglected doth spread it selfe in the end all ouer the tree from one end to another and bringeth it wholly to distruction and therefore so soone as you shall see the sicke tree in this sort to crumple and runne vpon heapes you must cut off verie cleane all the boughes thus diseased whereof it would be murdered and killed euen to the sound and whole branches and withall to order husband it in all good sort about the foot to the taking away of this euili humor which in this maner crooketh and causeth to turne round his wood There happeneth also sometimes by reason of some secret cause that it so languisheth as that it giueth ouer to beare fruit for the putting of it in heart againe you must lay open his roots and cast vpon them the lees of oyle mingled with water or else the stale of oxen or mans vâ—ine or cast vpon the roots the ashes of Vine branches throughly boyled All Plums in generall are cold and moist more or lesse the sweet ones lesse the sowre and sharpe ones more The sweet Plums haue vertue to loosen the belly and yet they will purge more strongly if at such time as when the Plum-tree is young there be taken from it some part of the pith of the stocke or else one of his boughes and the place filled vp againe with Scammonie They will in like manner procure sleepe if you put into the said emptied places the iuice of Mandrakes or Opium Sharpe and tart Plums are giuen to stay the belly There is great account made in Prouence of the Plums of Brignoles by reason of their pleasant tast In France throughout and euerie where else there is a speciall account made of Damaske Plums which are of three sorts the black red and violet colour all of them prouing verie excellent in the Countrey of Tourraine for from thence are sent throughout all France of them dried which are vsed at all times The Plums of Pardigoine are likewise greatly esteemed by reason of their plumpenesse and pleasant tast Furthermore Dates are verie rare and scarce in this Country namely those which come neere to the Dates of other strange Countries which are more pleasant relished than anie other Some likewise make account of Rhemish Plums dried by reason of the pleasant tartnesse and sharpnesse which they haue CHAP. XXXIX Of the Pomegranate-tree COncerning the Pomegranate-tree it requireth little husbanding 〈◊〉 yeeldeth small delight to the sight by reason of his ill-fauored branches and boughs saue so long as it is bearing his fruit before it come to perfect ripenesse and yet put out quartered and as it were laid open to thâ— shew out of his coat and couering this tree is the most delightsome to behold of all others the frame and fashion of whose flower and fruit being well considered iâ—â— worke of Nature right admirable there is not that raine that scorching heat of thâ— Sunne nor yet almost that fading and decaying old age which can cause it to forgoe his goodly shew of Rubies and yet notwithstanding how famous a thing soeâ—er it be it groweth without anie daintie or delicate handling and looking to and that sometimes at the foot of a wall sometimes in the midst of a heape of stones and sometimes amongst the hedges by high waies sides It is true that it craueth a hot Countrey and where it may not be debarred of the Sunne and if it happen to be set at any time in a fat ground it maketh his best aduantage of it being in this respect like vnto the Oliue-tree whereof we haue spoken before And if it be in such a Countrey as iâ— fit for it you need not to thinke either of the digging or vnder-digging of it for it reckoneth not of seeing it selfe set in a great heape of stones as neither to breake crosse-wise through a ruinous wall neither ceaseth â—t for anie such thing from bringing forth his good and pleasant fruit but in cold Countries where it hardly groweth it would be digged and husbanded about the foot twice a yeare that is to say in Autumne and in the Spring It will grow either vpon roots or of grafting in the cleft and that vpon it selfe about March or Aprill but and if you will plant it vpon somâ— branch that hath roots you must chuse such a one as is a handfull thicke and make it a delightsome and fine moulded pit Some would haue it thrust into the earth with a stake by it as is vsuall in setting Willow plants but I cannot find that this way of thrusting it downe thus into the earth doth proue to anie good The Pomegranate-tree will not loose his flower if when as it is flowred you compasse the flocke about with a ring or hoope of Lead or with the old slough of an Adder The wine of Pomegranats is made of this sort You must take the ripe kernels cleane and free from their skins and put them in the presse where they must be pressed by and by Some straine them through bagges made for the purpose some 〈◊〉 them to be put into vessels vntill it be well fined in the end they powre oyle vpoâ— them that they may not corrupt or grow sowre The Pomegranate Apple put in a pot of new earth well couered and 〈◊〉 with clay set in an Ouen and in the end so well parched as that it may be made into powder then such powder taken the weight of halfe a crowne with red wine doth helpe thâ— partie maruellously that hath the bloudie flux The innermost flowers of thâ— Pomegranate made vp in conserue with Sugar haue an incredible force to stay 〈◊〉 manner of fluxes of the Matrix whether white or red taken in the quantitie of 〈◊〉 an ounce with the iuice of sowre Pomegranates or red wine or water wherein 〈◊〉 hath beene quenched as also to stay the bloudie flux the shedding of nature thâ— flux of the guts or of the stomacke The kernels of sowre Pomegranates dâ—ied made into powder and after mingled the weight of an ounce with a 〈◊〉 of fine powdred Frankincense and two drammes of this powder taken euerie morning doe stay the whites CHAP. XL. Of the Ceruise-tree THe Ceruise-tree as well the male as the female delighteth in a cold moist and mountainous place but in a hot and plaine
admit vnder foureteene or fiâ—teene feet distance one from another in euerie row but and if you will onely plant two rowes vpon the sides of your garden alleyes then they need not aboue six foot distance square but you must looke that this proportion or whatsoeuer other that you sâ—t downe to your selfe doe â—ustly answere the proportion of the length of the place intended to be planted Sweet Cherriâ—-trees and bitter Cherrie-trees doe looke to haue allowance of distance betwixt tenne and twelue foot but and if they be to be planted vpon the sides of the great alley of your garden then it will suffice to allow them betwixt nine and tenne The lesser trees as Cherrie-trees Quince-trees Figge-trees Hasel Nut-trees and such like are sufficiently allowed if they be set distant betwixt eight and nine foot in your greene Grasse-plot or Orchard and betwixt fiue and six in Alleyes and Garden rowes When you would plant two rowes eiâ—her of them of seuerall kinds of trees then set the lesser on that side that the Sunne falleth first vpon that so the shadow of the greater may not disaduantage them CHAP. XLV Other precepts about the planting of Fruit-trees IF you plant Peare-trees and Plum-trees one with another it will be better to set the Plum-trees towards the Sunne for Peare-trees doe better endure the want and with holding of the same When you shall take vp a tree to plant it elsewhere take a great circle â—ound about the foot and rayse together with the root as much of the earth cleauing â—hereunto as you can for besides that thus the roots doe not loose their bed they find themselues otherwise also infinitely better contented when they carrie with them the earth alreadâ—e reclaimed and familiar vnto them than and if they should be constraiâ—ed in their new lodging to stoupe and conforme themselues to the earth which they â—hould there find For as for watering of the roots in pulling of them vp to the rayâ—ing vp of the more earth therewithall it is as good as nothing but rather doth much â—urt because that this wet earth being within the new hole becommeth stiffe and â—ard which cannot but greatly offend the roots of the tree remoued for the verie â—emoue doth astonish and blur them so as that it maketh the points of their roots as 〈◊〉 were blunt and to haue their mouths stopt so as that they can neither draw vnto â—hem or else goe forward themselues so that if they find not the earth of their new â—odging so light and crumly as that they may pierce it without straining of themâ—elues and conâ—ey themselues anie way either the tree continueth long without taâ—ing or else it dieth right out For the auoiding of which discommoditie you must â—ot either wet the new hole neither yet the tree in remouing of it nor so much as reâ—oue it in a drisâ—ing time and it is ynough that the hole hath continued open before â—or the space of fifteene or twentie daies and hath drunke in of the dew and wet of â—he night Of one thing you must take good heed that you giue it his iust quarters â—f North South East and West as it had before and that if you take it vp from a â—laine ground that then you bestow it in a plaine ground againe and if you remoue 〈◊〉 from a hillie place into the like or otherwise into a plaine then you must look that â—he seat wherein you set it in be desended in like manner from the winds both below â—nd on high as it was in his first You must not plant the treeâ— that haue beene browsed by cattell or haue had their 〈◊〉 broken off for they grow not so well except you thinke it good to cut off the end of their tops and head to see if that thereupon they will take and grow againe You may plant trees also without roots if they haue great piths as the Figge-tree â—ame Mulberrie-tree Hasel-trees and other such like And as for the Pits wherein you meane to plane trees you must make them six foot deepe in clayie places but not so much in moist places you must likewise make them roomethie and wide ynough for though the tree that you shall plant should haue but small roots yet you must make it wide that so there may store of good eâ—rth be cast in round about the root And if the bottome of the earth where you make the pits be too soâ—t then helpe it by putting to it some drie earth or else stay till it hardeâ— and breath out his moisture On the contrarie if it be too drie or hard and hoâ—â—ie dung it and moisten it with water letting it drinke in of the same well and sufficieâ—â—ly not that you should make it like a poole but sprinkled or bedewed with water therewith to coole it Againe it is meet that if your tree be old gathered that they be watered and steeped at the foot two or three daies If any of the roots of your trees proue too long or to haue their barke hurt then you must cut them off byas and 〈◊〉 the side that is most vnfurnisht be vnder when the tree shal be planted for there will small roots come forth round about the cut It is a generall rule that before the remouing of anie manner of tree whatsoeuer and especially if it be a tree growne vp of kernels if it be growne thicke for to 〈◊〉 off the branches of it first and to leaue nothing on it except such sprigs as are not aboue a fingers length or somewhat more or lesse according as the tree doth require and this is it which some vtter in a prouerbe That he that will plant his father must cut off his head but as for small trees which haue but some one small wand or roâ— put out of them there is no need that such should be cut vp on high when they be remoued The stocks of the Nurserie which you intend to graft must be verie well 〈◊〉 forth into branches before they be remoued as we haue said before And when you shall set downe your trees in their pits you must free their roots from being intangled one with another as much as you can and make them all 〈◊〉 draw downeward not suffering anie one of them to turne their ends vpward and 〈◊〉 is not needfull that they should be set so deepe into the earth for it is ynough that the roots be laid in so deepe as that the earth may couer them halfe a foot or thereabaâ—â— if the place be not verie scorching and stonie and you must not fill vp your pit 〈◊〉 leaue a hollow round about the tree with some open passage or conduit that so the raine water staying there may be conueyed vnto the roots of the tree When your trees shall be spread in the pits and the roots thereof orderly layd 〈◊〉 large weigh downe vpon them easily with your
haue heated but here in this you must note that the Almonds are not alwaies blanched before their oyle be drawne because many times a mans leasure will not serue him to doe it though indeed it be the best way to pill or blanch them that so the oyle may come the more neat and pure and to pill them rather vvith a knife than by the meanes of water either warme or cold for feare that through the mixture of vvater there be caused to come forth great store of vvaterish and vnpleasant oyle After that the Almonds haue beene thus pressed you may bake the drosse vnder ashes and vse them in steed of bread you must obserue that such manner of preparing of oyle of sweet almonds is onely to be vsed vvhen such oyle is to be taken at the mouth to stay and take away the throws gripes of women newly deliuered of childâ—or else to mitigate the paine of the collicke or of the reines taking it in a drinke of two ounces of vvhite Wine or with Aqua-vitae And this oyle is drawne oftentimes without fire or any other heat whatsoeuer sometimes the almonds are fried to giue them a light drying and after the oile is pressed out The oyle of bitter Almonds is made of almonds fried in a frying-pan and stiâ—ed oftentimes that so they may not burne to after which they are to be pressed out so strongly and long as till they will yeeld no more After this manner a man may pressed out two other sorts of oyle out of sweet almonds one appropriated vnto â—â—â—ments to be applied vnto the outward parts of the bodie that are pained the other seruing for perfumers vvhich two are made of old sweet almonds sound and whole and verie oylie by reason of their age they must be fried in a frying-pan and alter pressed with weight or presses being close wrapped in a bagg or haire cloth The oyles of Pistaces common vvalnuts filberds Indian nuts the kernels of pine apples cherries seeds of gourds cucumbers melons Palma Christi the seed of hempe line pionie henbane wild saffron stauesacre and other fruits and oylie seeds are pressed out after the same manner that the oyles of sweet almonds be euermore looking to it that the expression be not without the heating of the thing pressed either by chaâ—â—ng and warming it selfe at the fire or else by heating the plankes betwixt or the weighâ— vnder which they are to be pressed Oyle of Bayes it thus prepared Take ripe bay-berries and new pound them and make them into masses or small lumps boyle them a sufficient long time in water in a caldron straine the decoction and let it coole gather the fat that swimmeth aboue and keepe it for oyle or else let all the water run out at some hole which shall be in the bottome of it and the fat which stayeth behind is the oyle Some doe not boyle the masses of bay-berries but presse them from vnder a presse and let the oyle fall downe into a vessell standing vnderneath with vvater Otherwise mixe an equall portion of bay-berries and oliues pound them together and presse out the oyle The oyle of bayes is soueraigne to put in clysters for the paines of the cholick and to make oyntments of for cold tumors the palsie shaking of quartaine agues and cold affects of the sinews After the same manner you may make the simple oyle of myâ—â—tes Iâ—niper-berries of the fruit of the masticke-tree turpentine-tree and Iuie which is also verie singular for cold distillations and benummed members Sometime men take an equall portion of Iuniper and bay-berries and steepe them in Wine pressing out the oile thereof afterward You may likewise boyle bay-berries in oyle and presse them out after or else without any other mixture or preparation you may put 〈◊〉 and greene bay-berries in a bagge and by weight or pressing draw out their oyle Oyle of nutmegs is thus made lay nutmegs on heapes bray them with a woodden stamper afterward presse them out from betwixt the plankes heated or else divide them into little heapes and steepe them three daies in verie good Wine after drie them in the shadow of the Sun two whole daies then heat them reasonably in a frying-pan vpon the fire sprinkling them with rosewater and presently presse them out You must note that in this manner of drawing of oyle which is done by expression men are forced many times to sprinkle the matter with water or wine to draw out the oyle both more easily and in greater quantitie so we see it practised sometimes in the expression of sweet almonds that when they are too drie there is some small 〈◊〉 of water put vnto them but vnto other things some Wine as in oyle-de-baies â—â—â—megs Iuniper-berries and such like CHAP. LIII How to make Oyles by impression THe Oyles made by impression are commonly compounded of Oyle oliue because it is more temperate than others easilier to be gotten and retayning more exactly the quantitie of ingredients whether hote or cold It is true that verie often in place of Oyle oliue some take the oyle of sweet Almonds Fâ—â—berds Cammoâ—ile or such other according as the occasion of things require as you may know and vnderstand by particular description of such oyles Whatsoeuer it is there are three things to be considered in the making of oyles by impression the heat vvhich is the efficient cause of the making of the oyle the qualitie of the ingredients and the quantitie of them As concerning the heat vvhether it be of the fire or of the Sunne or of other things which yeeld heat it must be measured according to the qualities of tendernesse or hardnesse which shall be in the substances and matter for flowers doe not craue so great a heat is fruits or roots whereupon it commeth to pasâ—e that for the composition of such oyles men are oftentimes contented with the heat of the Sunne or with the heat of boyling water otherwise called Maries-bath or the double vessell And I for mine owne part jam of this mind that for the making of these oyles there ought not any coale fire to be vsed nor yet any other kind of fire but rather the helpe of Maâ—â—â—â—-bath For as by the gentle and milde heat of Maries-bath all the parts of the ingredients are kept and the oyle well prepared and digested so by the heat of a violent and forcible fire there followeth rather the exhalation or combustion of oylie things than any digestion The preparing therefore of such oyles as haue need of a greater heat than that of the Sun will be a greater deale the better if you put the matter out of which you draw the oyle in a glasse or tin vessell for to be infused in oyle mingled with Wine or vvater or other conuenient liquor or without liquor according as the nature of the ingredients and the present thing requireth After that this vessell borne
a matter to trouble himselfe much withall and to be at much cost and charges therewith as many not well aduised men be now adaies but onely that he would take his time thereto at his best leasure and without any great expence or else to leaue the same to his wife or his farmers wife for indeed such occupation is farre better beseeming either of them than him for as much as the maistresâ—e or dairie-woman hath the pettie affaires and businesses belonging to this our countrie Farme and lying vvithin the doores resigned and put ouer to 〈◊〉 Therefore let it not seeme strange in this point if after our briefe intreatie of Oyles vve discourse somewhat briefely and according as a countrie thing requireth of the manner of distilling of vvaters and extracting of oylie quintessences out of such matter as our Countrie Farme shall affoord vvhich we would should serue for the vse of the Farmers vvife as well to relieue her folke withall as to succour her needie neighbours in the time of sicknesse as we see it to be the ordinarie custome of great Ladies Gentlewomen and Farmers vviues well and charitably disposed who distill waters and prepare oyntments and such other remedies to succour and relieâ—â— the poore CHAP. LIX What Distillation is and how manie sorts there be of Distillation I Will not trouble my selfe here with setting downe the partie which was the first inuentor of Distillation as namely whether it were some Physitian of late time who hauing a desire to eat stewed Peares set them a stewing betwixt two dishes vpon the fire and hauing afterward taken off the vpper dish and finding the bottome thereof all set with pearâ—â—e sweat retaining the smell and fauour of the stewed Peare it selfe inuented thereupon certaine instruments to draw out from all sorts of hearbes cleere and bright airie waters it is better that we see our selues to worke about the declaring of what Distillation is aâ—d what things they be which may be distilled Distillation or the manner of distilling is an art and meanes whereby is extracted the liquor or moisture of certaine things by the vertue and force of fire or such like heat as the things themselues doe require no otherwise than as we see here below that by the force and power of the Sunne manie vapours are lifted into the middle region of the ayre and there being turned into water fall downe in raine True it is that the word Distill sometimes reacheth further and is taken not onely for things that are distilled by the meanes of heat but without heat also as wee see it done in such things as are distilled after a strayning manner that is to say when the purer and thinner part of certaine waters or liquid iuices is separated and extracted from the more muddie and earthie part by the meanes of a Felt or by the meanes of a piece of Cloth fashioned like a little tongue or border or out of Sand and small Grauell or out of earthen Pots not yet baked or out of Vessels made of the wood of Iuie or out of Glasse made of Fearne Sometimes likewise things are not only distilled without heat but with cold as nemely when the things which you would haue distilled are set in cold and moist places as Oyle of Tarâ—ar is wont to be made as also Oyle of Myrrhe Dragons bloud Otters and other things But howsoeuer yet I would not haue the Mistresse of our Countrey House to busie her braine with all the sorts of Distillation but that she should content her selfe onely with that which is performed by heat True it is that it is meet and requisite that shee should know the diuersities of heat to the end she may procure such a heat as will best fit such matter and thing as shee is in hand withall or to goe about for some things craue the heat of a cleere fire or of coale or of the Sunne or of hot â—â—â—bers or of small sand or of the filings of yron or of the drosâ—e of Oliues others craue the heat of Horse dung or boiling water or the vapour of boiling water or of Wine boiling in the fat or of vnquencht Lime or of some Barke or other putrified thing And for this cause she shall marke and obserue foure degrees of heat the first whereof shall be called warme like water when it is halfe hot or the vapour of boiling water and in this there is no feare of anie hurt it can doe the second is a little hoter but yet so as that it may be well endured without anie annoyance or hurt such as the heat of ashes or embers the third is yet hoter than the second and so as that it may annoy and hurt one grieuously if hee should hold anie part or member therein anie long time such is the heat of small sand The fourth is so vehement as that it cannot without great paine very hardly be endured and such is the heat of the scales of filings of yron The first degree is fit to distill fine subtle and moist things as flowers and cold simples as Endiue Lettuce and such other The second for distilling of fine subtle and drie things of that sort are all fragrant or smelling things as Pepper Cinnamome Ginger Cloues and manie simples as Wormewood Sage c. The third for to distill matter that is of thicke substance and full of iuice of which sort are manie roots The fourth is proper for the distilling of mettals and minerall things as Allome Arsenicke c. By this meanes it will come to passe that the Mistresse of our Countrey House shall not haue anie thing brought vnto her out of which shee will not be able to draw the waterie humour and to distill cleere and bright waters CHAP. LX. Of the fit and conuenient time to distill in and of the faculties vertues and durablenesse of distilled waters EVerie thing is to be distilled in the time wherein it is best disposed and best fit that is to say rootes hearbes flowers and seedes when they are ripe but liuing things and the parts of them when they are of middle age as wee shall haue occasion to declare in his place Now as concerning the ripenesse of rootes hearbes flowers seedes and fruits we referre you to our second Booke where wee haue sufficiently at large laid open at what time euerie one of these things is to be gathered But it is to be noted that necessitie sometimes compelleth vs to distill drie plants and then it will be good to macerate and sâ—eepe them in some conuenient liquor or decoction answerable vnto the vertue of the thingâ— by that means in part to renew and bring againe their youthfulnesse and to endow them with such moisture as they brought with them when they were first gathered from off the earth as we will further declare by and by As concerning the vertues of distilled Waters it is most certaine that such as
are distilled in Maries bath retaining the cast smell and other qualities of the matter whereof they are distilled haue not onely equall vertues with the Planâ—â— and matter whereof they are distilled but become much more pleasant vnto the â—ast and also more delightsome vnto the eye than the iuices or decoctions of the said matter would be It is true that the waters distilled through Leaden Tinne Braâ—en Copper or such other like metâ—all like a Limbecke as we shall by and by speake of doe loose the best and most subtle parts of the substance of their matter by suffering the same to vanish away in and into the ayre and for that cause they doe not prouâ— of so great vertue as their Plants But howsoeuer it is distilled waters are a gâ—â—at deale more pleasant vnto sicke persons more readie for vse better for medicines for the eyes to make epithemes of for the heart and liuer to make painting colours of to put into perfumes or other sweet things as well for the vse of Physicke as also for the delight and decking of the bodie than the decoctions and iuices of Plants and therefore there is great reason they should be distilled with greater heed and care It is most certaine also that Waters distilled in Maries bath especially those which are distilled in the vapour of boyling water are not of long continuance and hardly will last aboue a yeare likewise you must renew them euerie yeare by distillation circulation or by distilling of them againe putting them also into the Still againe with some new matter vpon the cake or drossie part left vpon some former distillation or else to distill them by a Filtre whereof wee shall haue occasion to speake hereafter CHAP. LXI What manner of vessels and instruments they must be wherein waters are to be distilled TWo vessels are needfull in distilling which may be called by the common and generall word a Limbeck the one of them is properly called the containing vessell because it receiueth and containeth the matter that you would distill some call it the bodie or corpulent vessell or the gourd The other is ordinarily called the cappe head or bell being that whereinto the vapours are gathered and turned into water This vessell hath sometimes a pipe in shape like the bill of a bird through which the water passeth drop by drop into a violl or other like vessell and sometimes it hath no beake or spour and those are vâ—ed in circulation But these instruments doe differ much as well in forme and shape as in matter It is true that the first that were inuented were of Lead like vnto a Bell and did couer another vessell of Brasse that was full of matter to be distilled this fashioned one is well ynough knowne and vsed eueriewhere because it draweth out more store of water than anie other Afterward there was another fashion inuenâ—ed by which manie vessels euerie one hauing his Leaden head or couer seuerall are â—ated together with one onely fire set in a furnace made after the fashion of a vault to the end that with lesse cost and labour there might be drawne and distâ—lled a great quantitie of water the figure and forme whereof you may here see and behold But in as much as waters distilled in Lead doe not retaine their smell or tast at all neither yet anie of the rest of their qualities of the things whereof they are distilled but doe rather smell of the smoake or of a stinke of burning as also for that waters distilled of sharpe biting and bitter plants doe no whit resemble the same in the â—ast of their bitternesse and sharpenesse but rather become vnsauourie sweet Further in as much as Galen witnesseth as the water which runneth through pipes of Lead doth stirre vp oftentimes the bloudie flux in those that drinke it because of his nature which is of the substance of Mercurie adde vnto these that in as much as wee ordinarliy see the waters distilled through Lead to become oftentimes with the sharpe and vehement vapour which it maketh by the reason of a certaine sale dissoluing it selfe from the head spoyled and made white and thicke as milke I say for and in respect of all these reasons there is inuented another instrument called the Bladder whose vnder vessell and cap couering the same are both of Brasse and both of them standing ouer one â—urnace which instrument is not onely good to distill Aqua vitae in made of Wine or of the lees of Wine or Beeâ—e but also of all other sorts of Plants powred in thereto with a good quantitie of common water Moreouer it is requisite that the head should haue a great beake or spout which must passe through the inner side of a great caske full of water to the end that the vapours breath not out but grow thicke and turne into water The fashion of it is as you may see here The later and better aduised Physicians haue deuised a fashion much better than the former which is to distill waters in Maries bath that is to say in the bath of some boyling water or ouer the vapour of the same for it is verie certaine that such waters are without all comparison better in as much as they doe exactly retaine not onely the smell but also the â—ast and other qualities of their plants which happeneth because the bath of the boyling water by his moisture retaineth keepeth in and preserueth the more subtle parts of the plants and by this meanes hinder and stay them from resoluing and breathing out as it commeth to passe in those which are distilled by a violent fire of wood or coale which is the onely cause that there is so great difference betwixt the waters distilled in a Limbecke of Lead and those that are distilled in Maries bath as is betwixt Gold and Lead because they doe not onely retaine the proper qualities of their plants that is to say their smell and tast but likewise they become cleare pure and bright without smelling anie thing of smoake or burning on the contrarie the other alwaies hâ—â—h a tast of some sâ—inke of the smoake which doth not onely prouoke a lust to vomit as well in such as be healthfull as in them that be sicke but also procureth great hurt vnto the parts of the breast stomacke liuer and other inward parts by reason of some ill qualitie wherewith they are infected by the vessels in which they are distilled Which is easily perceiued by the water of Wormewood distilled in a Leaden Limbeâ—ke for it becomâ—â—th sweet and not bitter like vnto the plant and in like sort in all other manner of waters that are distilled of plants and are of a hot temperature and sharpe or bitter of tast For the Leaden Limbecke receiuing vpon his superficiall part the vapours of heaâ—bes which are hot in effect and operation is easily corrupted in that his superficiall part and turned into a verie subtle Ceâ—use which afterward mingleth
which you distill because the â—legme commeth forth sometime first sometimes the last in the distillation as in the distilling of Aqua-vitae is stayeth the last notwithstanding that it be distilled diuers times in the distilling of the most part of other things it commeth forth first as in vinegar honie and such things and the thing is discerned by tasting of the first and last distilled waters And if it happen that the flegme be not seuered in this sort as indeed it is not in some such as with which it is mixt then the next course is to set such vvaters in the Sunne certaine daies in vessells couered with linnen clothes or parchment prickt full of small holes that so the excrementous part by such meanes may be consumed and wasted or if the Sunne faile as in Winter time then you must set your vessell contayning your distilled waters in other vessells full of vvater and cause them to boyle to the consumption of the third part The distillation is to be judged to be in good state and case if betwixt the fall of euerie drop you can account to the number of twelue and hence also is the judging of the force and quantitie of the fire to be learned and fetcht If any man desire that waters should haue some smell taste or other qualitie of something as of honie cinnamome camphire muske or other like sweet smelling thing whether it be to giue such smell to the thing that hath none at all or vnto something that hath a bad and vnpleasant smell as we will speake of by and by in the water distilled of mans dung it vvill be good to annoynt and besmeare the head of the still vvith these things or else to tie vp the same in some little knot of linnen cloth and hang them at the verie poynt of the spout or pipe to the end that the vvater distilling through this matter may retayne that smell or other qualitie intended And vvhereas distilled vvaters by force of the fire are euermore seene to retaine some impressions and printes of the heat it will be good presently after they be distilled to let them stand some time vncouered in the vessells wherein you meane to keepe them hauing yet therewithall regard that neither their small nor any part of their force doe vvaste or spend and therefore to take the fittest course it will be best to set your vessell close and fast stopt in some cold place in moist sand to diminish and take away the great heat of the same Notwithstanding you must marke and know that cold waters vvhich shall be distilled in Maries-bath will haue no great need to be so vncouered but that they rather must be set in the Sunne in a glasse vessell not altogether full or else that they with their vessell be set ouer head and eares in hot sand for the space of fortie daies to the end that their flegme and thickest humour may be consumed If your distilled vvaters become troubled you shall restore them to their clearenesse by putting thereinto some one or two drops of Vinegar for euerie pint of water CHAP. LXV Of the particular manner of distilling of Hearbes Rindes Flowers and Rootes DIstilled vvaters are of diuers sorts and vertues some are physicall or medicinable as the water of roses sage marierom and such like Others are nourishing as restoratiues and many both medicinable and nourishing as nourishing restoratiues vvhereinto are put medicinable things Others are purgatiue as the water or liquor of rhubarbe if it were new and greene Others serue to grace the face and hands and to make beautifull Others for to gratifie the nose by yeelding a sweet smell as those which are drawne out of spices and sweet smelling simples vsed also to vvash the hands face and whole bodie and againe all these waters are either simple or compound but we will first speake of the simple medicinable ones Wormewood must be distilled in Maries-bath to draw out his vvater in such sort as that it may expresse by smell and taste from whence it came and for the better doing of it you must see that you distill it not verie new but somewhat dried and afterward infusing it a little in wine to distill it in Maries-bath or in hatâ— ashes Mugwort Agrimonie Sorrell and such other like plants are thus distilled also but with obseruation had of the generall things specified before Thus the water of Winter cherries is distilled seruing against the stone and grauell as well of the reines aâ— bladder The vttermost pilling of common vvalnuts vvhether it shale willingly or no may be distilled in the moneth of September and the water drawne from them drunke in small quantitie with a third part of Vinegar is a certaine remedie against the plague if before drinking of it you cause the partie to be let bloud it is singular good also to make gargarismes of for the vlcers of the mouth it is good also to foment goutie places withall and good to colour the haire blacke Water distilled of the leaues of the Walnut-tree in the end of the moneth of May is singular for to drie and cicatrize vlcers if they be washed euening and morning with a linnen cloth moistned therein To distill strawberries you must let them putrifie in a glasse vessell putting thereto a little salt or sugar and then afterward to extract and draw out their water which is verie soueraigne against venime as also to take away spots to prouoke the termes and drie vp weeping eyes it will performe all these vertues in admirable manner if there be mingled with it a little Aqua-vitae The inward rinde of the ash-tree being distilled doth yeeld a singular water against the plague if it be drunke in equall quantity with aqua-vite as three 〈◊〉 of either especially if the same drinke in the same quantitie be drunke againe vvithin three houres after it is good also being dropt into the eares for the noyse in them The stones of blacke cherries being broken or the kernells alone distilled make a vvater vvhich doth quite take away the fit of the Falling-sicknesse in young children presently after that there hath beene put into their mouth about an ounce The distilled vvater of new filberds drunke the weight of two drams is a present remedie against the collicke and gripings of the bellie a thing that will not failâ— hauing beene proued and tried The vvater vvhich is distilled of the barke of Danewort or Elder-tree being oftentimes drunke doth euacuate and draw the vvater out of such as haue the dropsie The vvater of betonie You must stampe the leaues of betonie and infuse them a certaine time in Wine and after distill them The vvater of balme and sage is distilled in like manner The vvater of betonie is good for the diseases of the head reines and bladder The water of balme rejoyceth men keepeth away the fits of the Apoplexie and Falling-sicknesse
it causeth a good memorie taketh away the paine of the teeth breaketh the stone healeth the dropsie preserueth from venime such as haue swallowed any spider if it be drunke presently after The water of Gentian Take foure pound of the new rootes or rather of the dried rootes of Gentian chop them small infuse them in wine or besprinkle them only then afterward distill them This water is singular against the plague all sorts of venime the stone as well of the reines as of the bladder and to heale inward Apostumes and vlcers The vvater of pellitorie Take the rootes of pellitorie new or old cut them small and infuse them in verie good Wine the water is good for no appease the ach of the teeth to strengthen them and keepe them cleane if the mouth be washed therewith in the morning or else when it seemeth good to doe it To make water of eye-bright Take the leaues and flowers of eye-bright distill them the water thereof doth cleare the sight The vvater of Nicotian is distilled as the other going before but of this vve haue largely discoursed in the second Booke and haue shewed that it hath maruellous effects against the Noli me tangere cankers ringwormes scabs shortnesse of breath and the dropsie In this sort also you must distill Paules betonie the vvater whereof is singular to heale wounds scabbes and other diseases of the skinne The vse of this vvater is veâ—â—e excellent for the leprosie pestilent feauers obstructions of the liuer and spleene and exulceration of the lungs In this sort also is Mouse-â—are distilled whereof vve â—â—ue spoken in his place in the second Booke The vvater of hyssope must be distilled vpon hote ashes it is excellent for the paine of the teeth to prouoke vvomens termes for the cough and other diseases of the lungs The water of turneps Take whole turneps with their skins and all or else the skin alone you shall distill a water especially of the pilling or skin which will be profiâ—able to prouoke vrine and sweatâ—ng Water of lymons or the juice of them doth helpe verie profitably in the stone of 〈◊〉 reines The water of fennell Take the rootes and leaues and distill them or else boyle â—hem in water afterward put them all hot into a tin or copper platter and couer the 〈◊〉 vvith another platter the liquor vvhich shall be vpon the vppermost platter â—hall be kept in a viole to put a drop or two thereof into the corner of the eye for the â—iseases of the eye Water of parsley of the garden Stampe in a morter the leaues of parsely then diâ—till them it cleanseth the stomacke and comforteth the reines After the same manner are distilled the waters of smallage basill buglosse miâ—es cammomile marigolds Carduus benedictus clarie succorie capillus Veneâ—iâ— cheâ—uile endâ—ue aller fumitorie broome Iuie horse-taile lauander marierom mehloâ— mallowes holihocke vvater lillies nigella organie pionie poppie pellitorie of the wall burnet plantaine purcelaine penniryall rue rosemarie madder sage sauorie scabious scolopendrium nightshade houseleeke willow leaues groundswell thyme white mulleine tansey valerian veruaine of the flowers and leaueâ— of the stinging nettle as well as of the dead nettle and of many other plants obseruing the generall precepts which we haue set downe before This is the manner of distilling cinnamome Take a pound of fine cinnamome breake it lightly and infuse it a certaine time in the distilled water of Roses the quantâ—tie of foure pounds and of verie good white wine halfe a pound after put it all into a glasse-still to be distilled either vpon hot ashes or else in Maries-bath such water is forcible against all cold diseases especially of the stomacke spleene liuer braine matrix sinews faintings and swoâ—nings to prouoke the termes of women and retayned vrine to stay vomits to represse the malignitie of all sorts of cold venime and for the deliuerie of woâ—en that are in trauell of child Rose-water is distilled either of new roses or of drie roses and they are either white or carnation The fashion and manner of distilling of it is diuers for sometimes it is distilled by defluction tending downeward vvhich is called in Latine Distillatio per descensum according to the matter which we shall declare in the seuentie first Chapter hereafter following Sometimes it is distilled by insolation as we will likewise shew in the same place sometimes and that oftest as also best in Maries-bath and before the distilling of it if the roses be drie it is good to moisten them vvith the vapour of some boyling water or some Roses The water which is distilled of red Roses is more cordiall and corroboratiue as that which is made of white roses is more cooling Then to distill good rose-water you must infuse roses in distilled Rose-water or else in the juice drawne from them and that by the space of two or three dayes your vessell being well lured and stopt and afterward put them in a glasse-still couered with his head and they both well luted and fitted one to another and finally set them thus conjoyned in your vessell of Maries-bath Water of Orange-flowers called water of Naffe being distilled by a bell is good to procure vomit as also to make a good smell The water of vvild Apples and of Oke Apples vnripe of chesnuts and of veriuice that is halfe ripe is good against the red pimples and hard knobbes in the face The vvaters of flowers as of Rosemarie vvhich is good to rejoyce the 〈◊〉 of Elder-Tree vvhich keepeth the face cleare from Sunne-burning of Marigolds vvhich comforteth the eyes and such others are distilled after the manner of Rose-water CHAP. LXVI Of the manner of distilling liquors WE haue heretofore declared that the singular and rare efficacie and 〈◊〉 of things distilled haue in such sort rauished and carried away the spirits and studies of men as that there is scarce any thing to be found vvhich hath any good propertie and speciall qualitie in it but it 〈◊〉 beene brought vnder the yoke of distillation But in this place I call liquor all thâ—â— which hath a liquid consistence vvhether it be juice humour excrement or any such like floting thing as vvine vinegar honie vrine juice of hearbes of fruitâ—â— and you cannot but thinke that the juice of hearbes or fruits being distilled doth afford a farre better water than that which is distilled of hearbes yea or of fruits either We will begin therefore with distilled vvine Aqua-vitae is thus distilled notwithstanding that all manner of Wine is fit to make Aqua-vitae of so that it be not sowre spent or otherwise tainted yet indeede the strongest and noblest Claret vvine is the best vvhether pallet and inclining to vvhite or high coloured and inclining to red Take then of claret vvine a certayne quantitie according to the bignesâ—e of the vessell wherein you distill
true that besides the helpe comming by this tinning of the vessels the veâ—ie action of the fire which worketh and dispatcheth speedily and violently wheâ—e as there is great quantitie of water doth keepe the Oyle from being â—ainted with anie euill smell or other accident that is not naturall and therefore there needs no feare to be taken for the vsing of Copper vessels in the distilling of Oyles for the occasions aforesaid although that earthen or glasse-vessels would be farre better and more naturall seeing in them there resteth no iot of mettall-like matter than either those that are of Copper or molten or of anie other mettall saue onely there is some danger of breaking or cracking of them being the things whereunto earthen and glasse-vessell are verie subiect when they are hot yea though they were armed with moâ—tar fat earth cement or anie other matter of defence and then such breach or cracke proueth a matter of no small dammage or consequence in the distillation of Oyles especially those which are precious Notwithstanding it is free for euery man â—o vse vessels of earth or glasse vpon paine that they be carefull to keepe them that they neither cracke not breake and the rather seeing that in the extracting of some Oyles there must needs be vsed glasse-vessels or earthen ones vernished and leaded and not Copper or Latten as which will verie hardly let runne anie Oyles from things that consist of an eager taste whether it be that the Copper hath the like it selfe or of some secret vertue and facultie which is in it And this thing wee see sufficiently tried in the seedes of Grapes whose Oyle conuerteth and turneth rather into a greene rust in such vessels than into anie airie or thinne exhalation doe a man what he can either about the fire or anie other way whatsoeuer but in the distillation of fragrant and aromaticall things as also those which are sweet in taste or haue a diuers qualitie from the Copper it might seeme that a molten vessell might be more conuenient CHAP. LXXVII At what time Oyles would be distilled and how the matter and things whereof they are made must be prepared THe matter of euerie Oyle is to be distilled at such time as when it is best disposed that is to say seedes and aromaticall things when they are fresh and new gathered for the fresher and newer that they aâ—e so much the more excellent Oyle will they yeeld especially the thingâ— that are of a sweet smell and aromaticall And as for hearbes they must be gathered when they are come to their full force that is to say when they are in flower for and if they be deferred longer the Oyle that commeth of them for the most part will be more full of scumme and ranke as also there will not so much be gathered of them Being gathered at such time they must be dried in the shadow for the space of a moneth or two to the end that some portion of their moistnesse and feeding humoâ— may be diminished and taken away and that the oylie and radicall humor may be extracted more pure and sincere and thirdly that the hearbes themselues may be the more easily crushed and bruised But on the contrarie side if the hearbes be 〈◊〉 and fresh gathered when they are distilled they will yeeld sufficient store of Oyle in as much as their naturall moisture will abound but the Oyle will not be of such â—fficacie nor yet so odoriferous as when the merrie and good meane betwixt both is kept But as concerning the preparing 〈◊〉 such matter as you meane to make your Oyles of there is not anie need to vse infusion or putrifaction as is done in the distilling of waters as we haue said before For if one should bestow an infusion vpon them either in water wine or Aqua-vitae it would but breed a confusion and mixâ—ure of the naturall sauor and smell of the Oyle with that of the liquor and againe iâ— would make them more moist than need would require in respect of the pure and sinceâ—e extracting of the Oyle Againe if you should take the way to putrifie them in Horse-dung earth hot ashes or boyling water the better to distill and draw out your Oyle afterward and following the way that we will speake of by and by yet thereby you shall giue occasion of infecting your Oyle with some ill vice For the matter being putrified it is not possible but that the Oyles should haue a smatch of it seeing it is one part of the matter That it so falleth out with Oyles that are so distilled of matter aforehand so putrified although it doe not by and by corrupt appeâ—â—eth sufficiently for in some space of time it is without all doubt corrupted and that in a great deale shorter time without comparison than other Oyles which are drawnâ— without putrifaction of their matter going before by which it may appeâ—â—e what my aduice and counsaile would be to euerie man namely that the matter 〈◊〉 you would extract your Oyle be not infused or putrified but onely crushed bâ—â—ised brayed and brought into small pieces so as that afterward they may be siâ—ted through some wide sieue which course shall doe as well yea rather better than your infusing or putrifying of them without stamping braying and bruising of them besides that the businesse is sooner dispatched yea and if you would infuse and putrific the â—â—â—ter you should not thereby gaine three drops of Oyle more than you should 〈◊〉 by onely beating and stamping of them CHAP. LXXVIII Of the manner and order that must be kept in distilling of Oyles WHen you haue prepared the matter whereof you meane to make your oyle that is to say bruised it and brought it into small cornes then passe it grosly through a scarce casting it into the vessell of copper with certaine measures of fountaine water that is to say to match two pound vveight of matter with eighteene pound of vvater and for that cause it is meet that the vessell should containe betwixt twelue and fifteene pintes and yet the third part remaine void and emptie vvhen the water and matter are both in This vvater standeth in steed of a coach or waggon vnto the matter to be distilled for the carrying vp of his vapors and to seperate the humours by the decoction and boyling that it there maketh You may adde or diminish of the quantitie of vvater according to the matter his quantitie vvhich you are about to distill vpon paine notwithstanding that you put in nine or ten times as much water as you doe matter and that your vessell of copper glasse earth or any such matter as shall seeme best be of bignesse proportionable and agreeing with the quantitie of matter which you would distill for being too great or too little it would proue but cost cast away It is true that the two pound of matter and eighteene of water here mentioned is the most certaine rate that we can sticke to
the great and little Court the dung of Hennes and Pigeons Oxe-dung Horse-dung and all other such excrements which must be let incorporate and mingle together the whole Winter vntill such time as this matter watered with water and throughly pierced with the frost be sufficiently ripened This mixture when it is spread entreth better below into the earth 〈◊〉 dung alone and also incorporateth it selfe better with the earth But aboue all there is no dung more excellent for Medow grounds than the rotten staddell or bottomes of Hay-mowes or Hay-stackes which putrified with the moisture of the earth lookes mouldie blacke and most filthie and with this if you mixe the sweepings of the Hay-barne floore and the scattered seedes which fall from the Hay when it is shaked vp or bound into bottles it will be a great deale the better and the earth will put forth his encrease in much more plentie These Medow grounds must also be verie well drained from water if they be subiect thereunto and sluces and draines made either by plough spade or other instrument which may conuey it from one sluce to another till it fall into some ditch or riuer for as the sudden washing of the earth fatteneth and enricheth the same by reason of the mud slime and other fat substances which it leaueth behind it so the long abiding of the water vpon it 〈◊〉 the soyle rots the roots of the grasse and either makes it vtterly barren or 〈◊〉 it to a bogge-myre Nay where the water lyes long vpon the ground there it will â—ome the grasse to reed rushes or other vnprofitable weeds therefore by all meanes preuent the continuance of flouds and onely esteeme of a gentle washing and no more Againe in your Medow grounds you must be exceeding carefull to know the goodnesse or badnesse of the same as which is fruitfull which barren which quicke of growth which slow which will beare but one entire crop and which two and accordingly you must lay them that is giue them time of rest for growth as thus If your ground be verie fruitfull and rich yet through the coldnesse of the clyme will not beare aboue one crop it shall not be needfull for you to lay it before May day but if it be but of a reasonable fruitfulnesse then you may lay it at the Annuntiation of our Ladie but if it be verie hard and barren then it is best to lay it at Candleâ—â—ss that it may haue the vttermost of the Spring Summer to grow in also if it be exceeding fertile and so warme and close couched that it will beare two croppes then you shall lay it at Candlemas that you may cut it at the end of May and the midst of September for to cut it after that time is both ill husbandrie and profitlesse for howsoeuer men may be opinioned either through custome or the imitation of their neighbors yet they shall find it most certaine that the hay how good soeuer the growth be yet if it want the Sunne and kindly withering it can neuer be good either to feed or sustaine nature with but hauing the iuice rotting and not dried within it becommeth black vnpleasant and unwholesome insomuch that the worst straw is better than the best of such hay therefore let euerie husbandman haue a great care to the good and kindly withering of his hay and esteeme euer the qualitie before the quantitie After Medowes are laid then the husbandman shall haue a great care to his â—ences least either his owne or other mens cattell by day or night breake into the same for they may doe him more iniurie in an houre than they can doe him profit in a moneth for the young and tender grasse if it be nipt or bitten at the first springing hardly after prospereth till the sythe haue cut it for it is with grasse as with stronger plants which if they be nipt or bitten forthwith loose the beautie of their flourishing and groweth not straight or vpright but low crooked and ill-fauoredly neither to fast as before it did but verie slowly and manie times without seed therefore by all meanes preuent the cropping of your Medowes by cattell at their first springing Also if you haue anie riuers ditches or small rundles which butt vpon your Medowes you shall at such time as you lay your Medowes be sure to cleanse and scoure them both of weeds madde and other filth that shall anie way cloy or fill them that the water may thereby haue a more free passage and a larger receit to receiue and conuey away anie floud which shall happen for after your Medowes begin to grow if anie floud shall come vpon them the sand and other filth will fasten to the rootes and lye vpon the grasse in such manner that not being able to be cleansed by anie husbandrie it will make the hay vtterly vnwholesome so that lying in the stomacks of the beasts it will engender manie mortall and pestilent diseases And herein is also to be noted that the mudde and other compasse which you shall take out of these riuers or ditches would be spread vpon the Medowes and when it is drie with small clotting maules be beaten as small as dust for this is also an excellent maner of manuring your Medowes CHAP. IIII. What must be sowne in the Medowes THe way then to reforme the old and drie consumed places of your Medow if they be become hoarie rotten must be by sowing them in the Spring with good Hay-seed which is the Medow Clauer which is called in some places Sops in wine by reason of the flower which is an hearb which men in times past made great account of sowing it by it selfe as the Fetch is wont to be sowne and they did sow it in Ianuarie as Cato and Palladius doe report The maner of sowing it shal be set downe in the fifth Booke in the handling of Pulse Likewise the seed of Gallion or petty Mugguet wild Fetch and Hauer-grasse which the Latine Poet calleth properly barren Oates Againe the small wild Mallow is not amisse neither the little Crowfoot foreseene it be not that with the bulbous root that is to say the Crowfoot hauing a round root like an Onions because that is venimous for the beast but it must be that Crowfoot which hath a hairie and threadie root The two-fold Satyrion is good in some place where it groweth naturally so likewise is the Hyacinth the one of them being of a blew flower the other of a purple herein differing from the Satyrion which is more cut diuided into small buds as likewise more fragrant It is not good that there should be any great store of Plantaine except it be that of the least sort called Birds-toong The wild Carret especially that which in the midst of the white flower in the round broad tuft beareth a sweet smelling seed being rubd in the hand like vnto graines of Paradise of
and that after Autumne vvhen as the earth beginneth to be moist vntill the beginning of the Spring as being the time when the roote may be drawne without leauing of the barke behind you may plant an elme at euerie fortie foots end and not touch them at all for two yeares after vvhich being passed you must dig the earth all about the bodie of the Tree pruning and picking it with a small handbill euerie two yeares We will not make any longer description of the elme but send you to the sixth booke where you shall find particularly and amply declared how this tree is to be planted and in what soyle it doth principally delight to grow CHAP. X. Of the Aller WE see that the Aller or Alder-tree is no lesse profitable for the Husbandman than the Elme in as much as the wood of Aller doth serue to make many implements working tooles as ladders â—ailes for the cart poles handles for tooles rackes for horse-meat and such other things to lay the foundations of buildings vpon which are laid in the riuers fens or other standing vvaters because it neuer rotteth in the vvater but lasteth as it vvere for euer and beareth vp maruailous strange and huge masses The Aller therefore shall be planted neere some little brooke in some moist and vvaterish meadowes for the Aller-tree naturally delighteth in vvater more than any other tree doth and it looketh that the most part of his roots should be in and lower than the vvater for else it will not come to any growth The aller is not sown because it beareth no seed fruit or flowers yet it may be planted two vvaies either of braunches taken from the great trees or else of liue rootes drawne out of moist places their earth vvith them and so set in another moist place and that in such sort as that at the least the one halfe of the roots may be lower than the vvater and couered aboue with earth a fingers thicknesse and vvithall before it be planted you must cut the small branches away till within a finger of the maine root vvhich afterward will shoot vp many small siences This tree is easie to take and grow againe in moist places because it hath much pith in it and putteth forth much wood in a short time You may 〈◊〉 your aller to grow high in any place without any great labour and to small profit because it would need continuall watering It is better then that your aller stand in waterie ground as we haue said that so it may both please and profit you See further of the aller-tree in the sixth booke The fresh leaues doe stay inflammations being put vnder the naked soles of the feet they greatly take away their wearisomenesse which by far walking haue wearied themselues full and all moist with the morning dew being spred in Sommer all ouer a chamber they kill fleas The barke serueth to make inke and to die leather blacke The Poole Fish-pond and Ditch for Fish CHAP. XI Of the manner of making Stewes and Pooles for keeping of Fishes THe chiefe and principall point of a good Countrey Farme is to want nothing either needfull for the prouision of the chiefe Lord or auaileable for the profit that may come thereof The good householder then shall not esteeme a little of Fish seeing that of them he may make both prouision for his table and great gaine vnto his purse but rather shall prouide some place neere vnto his house for to cast Pooles or Stewes in to the end that when need is he may find victuals therein both for himselfe and his familie and that as readie as if it were alreadie in the Kitchin besides what he may yearely sell of that his store to make money into his purse Therefore for the appointing out of ground for these his Pooles or Stewes to breed or feed his fish in he shall chuse it ioyning vnto his Medowes in some leane place and such as he could otherwise make no profit of and yet it must be in a firme ground that is grauellie or sandie for such places doe feed fishes excellent well notwithstanding that the muddie and dyrtie Poole be best for the Tench Burbet Cod Eâ—le and such other slipperie and slimie fishes but he that loueth his health must not furnish his Pooles or Stewes with such manner of fish The Poole shall be maruellously well seated if the commodiousnesse of the place will affoord it continuall refreshment from some flowing Fountaine or some Brooke or little Riuer falling into it whereby continually the first water may be remoued and new supplyed in place thereof not suffering the other to stand too long impounded and therefore if it be possible the Poole is to haue conuenient issue in one part or other for so by this meanes the water is renewed the more easily and the fish therein made the more chearefull and better thriâ—ing to euerie bodies â—ight whereas on the contrarie the standing and corrupted water affoordeth them nothing but bad nourishment making the slesh thereof of an ill tast and vnpleasant in eating In the meane time you must not â—orget to set grates of Brasse or yron close fastened and pierced but with small holes in the conduits that so by them the water may find one passage in and another out and yet to stay the fish for getting forth It will be good that the Poole be large and great to the end that the â—ish which is kept therein may find room◠〈◊〉 sport themselues without perceiuing of anie impediment or imprisonment that they sustaine It will be good also to make in these Pooles some corners or starting holes like little lodging roomes in the wall thereof to the end that thereby the fish may find place for to hide it selfe and to auoid the great heat of the Summer prouided notwithstanding that they be so made as that the water which is in them may easily get out againe These Fish-ponds also may be made in anie low Valley which the hills enuironing on euerie side send downe their waters into the same making it continually wet so that in truth without it be applyed to this purpose it will serue for no other good purpose In this place aboue all other you shall make your Fish-pond drayning it at the dryest time of the yeare and digging it of such depth as you shall thinke most conuenient for the receit of such water as shall fall into it then noting how the water descendeth you shall iust against that descent make the head of your Pond mounting it of such a height that no land-water whatsoeuer may ouerflow it and this head you shall make in this wise first so soone as you haue drained the ground and made the earth firme where the head must be you shall driue in foure or fiue rowes of piles made of Elme and some of Oake halfe burnâ— or scortcht and then the earth which you digge out of the pond together with fagots
be it neuer so good doth become worse and degenerate easily when it is sowne in a bad plot And for as much as I speake onely of Wheat in this place being the graine of most vse in Fraunce you shall vnderstand that there be diuers kinds thereof as shall be shewed hereafter which sith their names are not familiar in other Countries I will here repeat those which are most in vse amongst our neighbours especially in England of which the first is called whole-straw Wheat because the straw is whole and entire not hauing anie hollownesse within it and this is of all Wheat the largest and goodliest and yeeldeth the greatest store of flowre yet not of the most pure and most white colour it prospereth onely on the rich stiffe clay-grounds and must necessarily haue three earings before it be sowne Next vnto it is the great Pollard Wheat which hath no aues vpon the eares it is a large Wheat also and prospereth likewise vpon stiffe clay-grounds yet will aske but one earing because it loues to be sowne vpon Pease-ground from whence Pease was reaped the same yeare The next is small Pollard which loues an indifferent earth as that which is grauelly or of barren mixture and it must haue euer full three earings Then Ograue Wheat which loueth anie well-mixt soyle and will grow either after three earings or but one so it besowne where Pease is reaped Then â—laxen Wheat which will ioy in anie soyle except the stiffe clay or burning sand prouided that it haue fully three earings and be well manured And lastly Chylter Wheat which is like vnto flaxen Wheat It will be good before you sowe your seed to lay it in steepe in water some certaine houres and afterward to spread and lay it abroad somewhere in the shadow to drie that so it may be readie to rowle or runne at such time as it is to be cast into the earth by this meanes you shall chuse the fairest cornes that shall stay behind in the boâ—tome of the water to sowe them which will grow within three or foure daies but as for those which swimme aloft aboue the water they shall be taken away because they are not worth any thing to sow for the best vse for such is either to seed Hennes or else to grind that so you may get out euen that sâ—all quantitie of meale and flowre that is within them Some before the sowing of their corne doe sprinkle it ouer a little with water wherein haue beene infused Houseleeke or the stamped seedes and roots of wild Cucumbers to the end that the corne may not be eaten of Moules field-Mice or other such like vermine Yet howsoeuer this may be a practise in France it is not receiued generally amongst Husbandmen to steepe the corne in water before they sowe it because so much moisture cooleth and drowneth the kernell of it too much Nay they are so farre from the practise thereof that a well-reputed Husbandman will not suffer his corne to be so much as washed before it be sowne The quantitie of corne which must be sowne shall be measured and rated according to the peece of ground for an arpent of fat ground will for the most part take foure bushels of Wheat a reasonable fat ground will take fiue and a leane will take more It is true that there must respect be had vnto the Countrey and place where it is sowne for in cold Countries and places that are waterie being also alwaies subiect to Snowes it is needfull to sowe a great deale more than in hot Countries or in temperate and drie places in as much as the cold and Snow doe corrupt the greatâ—st part of the seed Besides the time is well to be obserued and the disposition of the ayre for in Autumne you must sowe lesse thicke and in Winter or the times approaching and comming neere to Winter a great deale more againe in rainie weather you must sowe thicker than in drie weather Yet in England and other Countries which are much colder than France two bushels of Wheat or Pease will fully sowe an acre and foure bushels of Barly or Oates and three bushels of Beanes which proportion no man need to alter vpon anie occasion whatsoeuer CHAP. XIII Of harrowing and weeding of Corne. PResently after that the seed is bestowed in the ground you must for your last worke harrow it along and crosse ouerthwart and after that â—ake it from furrow to furrow but ouerthwart onely This would be done with Harrowes hauing yron teeth rather than woodden ones because they make the corne settle deeper into the earth which they doe breake and make fmall a great deale better and so by that meanes doe couer the corne with earth as it requireth at the least the thicknesse of foure fingers that so it may be the faster rooted and the safer from birds and thus it must be let alone the whole Winter vpon the Spring True it is that during Winter you must not neglect to make draynes and draughts thereby to carrie away the water that falleth in too great aboundance by raine Now this manner of harrowing is but for such entire grounds as lye together leuell plaine and vndistinguished by lands for were they cast vp with ridges as the lands of many Countries are then could they by no means be harrowed ouerthwart Therefore wheresoeuer your ground lyes in lands or in common mixt amongst your neighbours there you shall euer harrow your lands directly vp and downe the full length of the lands beginning at the furrowes first and so ascending vp to the ridges As for the Harrowes as before I said the woodden Harrow is best for the loose moulds and the yron Harrowes for the tough and binding moulds As for the Oxe-harrow which is as bigge as two Horse-harrowes and hath euer yron teeth it is best for the roughest earths especially new broken vp swarths the Horse-harrowes going before and the Oxe-harrow following after When the Spring time is come and the Wheat hath taken good root you must weed your ground of such store of weedes as Winter raine and the ranknesse of the earth it selfe haue caused to abound and ouer-grow the corne newly put vp as Feâ—ches tame and wild Poppie Cockle and such like and after once hauing weeded it it will be good to doe it the second time as when the eare beginneth to shoot for iâ— so doing the corne will proue faire and cleane But in the meane time you must so weed it at the first as that the rootes be not hurt but that they may remaine couered and laden with the earth that so they may stand faster in the earth and grow the more vpward At the second time of weeding you must not bare it much for and if the Wheat should not shoot vp still more and more it would rot vpon the earth and bring forth nothing Againe at the second weeding you shall stirre and make euen the ground a
shall thresh it during the time of sweating it will be so danke and soft that it will by no means grind or make good flower except it be dried which also is not held good nor profitable and especially where it is dried with anie other heat than that which the Sunne yeeldeth as Kylne Ouen Stoue or such like Before the threshing of it you must be carefull to prepare the floore and to sprinkle it ouer with Oxe bloud mingled with oyle of Oliues not salted and afterward to make it plaine and smooth with a Pauing-beetle or Rowler to the end it may not haue anie clefts or creuises in it wherein the corne threshed out may be lost or wherein the Pismires might breed and hide themselues The best way to thresh it is with flailes and after to cleanse it from the chaffe husks and other filth with the fanne and last of all to sift it In anie case leaue not Wheat long in the sheafe because it taketh heat and thereupon becommeth full of Butterflies Mothes and small Worâ—s which eat it vp In the meane time you must not cast away the chaffe which is good meaâ— not onely for horses and other beasts mingled with prouander but also for to ripen 〈◊〉 and to keepe them as we haue said before In like sort the Spaniard and 〈…〉 make it serue to keepe Snow in all Summer for they make deepe pits in the groâ—â—d wherein they put their Snow and couer it with chaffe CHAP. XVI In what manner the Garners are to be made to put Corne in LEt the Garner wherein you shall keepe your Wheat take his light from the East and a little ayred from the North and West but principally from the North-east which keepeth the Corne alwaies drie and fresh and coole but not from the South nor from anie such like coast or quarters It shall haue manie open holes by which the whole vapour of the Corne may passe forth and the coole gentle ayre come in And it must not be floored or planked aboue to the end that the winds may easily enter in through the open places and tiles of the roofe that so it may be more fresh and coole at all times It must be placed farre from all moisture and other euill smells and vnpleasant ayre and also from all the houses wherein cattell are kept whether horse oxen or other such like the boorded floore thereof shall be ordered as the earth-floore that is to say sprinkled with Neats bloud mingled with oile-Oliue vnsalted and after smoothed and made plaine with a â—owler or pauing-beetle as in which there is not to be left hole or breach be it neuer so little without stopping of it with lime and sand The said floore where the corne is to be laid shall be watered with vineger the walls must be made trimme and dressed ouer with mortar tempered in water wherein hath been steeped the roots and leaues of wild Cucumber or with Lime tempered with Sheepes vrine which shall be of much vse against all kind of shrewd beasts that vse to eat the corne And thus much for the French experience But for the custome of other Countries it shall not be amisse to make your Garners of Oaken boards close ioyned together or else lined in the ioynts with Lime and haire in such wise that no corne may runne through the same Others vse to keepe their corne in great Hutches or chests of wood with close couers But better than anie of these it is to make your Garners of Plaster as large as you shall thinke good for it keepes it most coole and sound and is the least troubled with Weeuils Mites Mice or such like vermine Yet to speake truly and according to the opinion of the best Husbandmen all these Garners are more proper for Barly Oates Rye or all sorts of Pulse than for Wheat because it is a tender graine and of it selfe naturally apt to heat and putrifie when it is kept close together in great and thicke heapes and therefore the wiser Farmers doe vse to spread their Wheat thinne as not aboue a foot thicke at most vpon the Garne-house floore which floore if it be of plaster it is best boards is the next and the mudde floore is the worst of all and being to spread you shall not faile to turne it ouer once a weeke at the least for feare of heating or growing mustie In the Garner thus fitted shall your corne be layd being first made verie cleane for the cleaner it is the lesse subject vvill it be to Weeuils and other 〈◊〉 It is true that being in the garner for the defending of it from this vermine it is good to remoue it often and to haue about the heapes some wild Organie or the dried leaues of Pomegranat-trees or Wormewood or drie Southernwood or vvhich is better in the middest often load of drie Wheat to mingle one of Millet made very cleane for by the coolenesse of the Millet the Wheat vvill be kept from the vermine and taking of all other manner of heat and when occasion requireth this Millet vvill be easily sifted from the Wheat by the meanes of a sieue and furthermore that it may somewhat encrease you must cast vpon the heapes of corne Sal-nitrum and the scumme thereof both of them finely powdred and mixt with verie fine earth And if it should come to passe that the corne should not proue to last and stand sound for long time and that therefore it is ground into meale then for the keeping of the said meale you must make masses or drie lumpes of Cummin and salt powned and lay them in the middest of the meale Or if it appeare that Palmer-wormes are bred in the corne or any other such like vermine by the ouerheating of it you must dust it by and by with a sieue and after spread it abroad and leaue it in the Sunne all the while of the great heat euen vntill euening and after that it is become hot thus by the Sunne and hath beene made verie cleane carrie it vp againe into the highest garner that you haue and thus the vnnaturall heat thereof will cease and all the 〈◊〉 be killed and the Wheat so coole as that it will be out of the danger of the former ouerthrow Furthermore as concerning the fanning of Corne the husbandman must beware least he be beguiled by the measurers or yet by the measures seeing it is a tricke they haue either in powring on the corne to presse it downe with their hand or else to strike the measure with their knee to cause the corne to run the closer together that so they may haue the better measure such craftie shifts as this are the 〈◊〉 that the second measuring is not answerable vnto the first And although I speake here onely of fanning of vvhich there are two kinds the one a fan with loose clothes like sailes which being turned swiftly about gathereth a vvind that will disperse the corne from the
slow to performe the act of carnall copulation and especially to carrie away grauell and to breake the stone as also for such as haue weake lungs and low and weake voices They are also good against melancholie and doe cut off troublesome thoughts and cogitations and put in place thereof iollie conceits and merrie moodes and then they being laid forth in the Moone-shine when it is in the encrease and before the Sunne rise they must be sprinkled with oyle-Oliue afterward steeped in warme water to soften them and lastly boyled for to be eaten The way to vse them is rather to suppe vp their broth made with the rootes of Parsley than to eare the Peason Small Cich Peason SMall Cich Pease called of the Latines Cicercula must be sowne in fat places and in a moist time as in Ianuarie or Februarie they doe lesse harme to a field than anie other pulse but for the most part they neuer come to profit for when they are in flower they cannot abide drowth nor anie strong Southerne windes at such time as they leaue flowring Great wild Tare and bitter Fetch THe great wild Tare and bitter Fetch doe desire leane places and such as arâ— not moist for sometimes by putting forth too freely and growing too much they ouerthrow themselues They may be sowne in Autumne or in the end of Ianuarie and all the moneth of Februarie but not in March because if it should be sowne in this moneth it would hurt the Cattell especially Oxen troubling them in their braines Fetches THere are two seed-times for Fetches the first when they are sowne for to feed cattell and it is about the fifteenth day of September the second in Februarie or March and this is for to make bread of for to eat being mixt with other corne both of them may be sowne in vntilled grounds but it is better when they are sowne in grounds that haue had their three earings This seed loueth not the dew and therefore it must be sowne two or three houres after Sunne-rise when all the moisture thereof is spent and consumed either by the wind or by the Sunne and it must not alone be sowne but it must also be couered the verie same day because that if the night should come vpon it and wet it but a little before it were couered it would quickly become corrupt and putrified The ground wherein it is sowne needeth not anie more than one earing and when it is sowne it needeth no weeding In anie case it must not be sowne before the fifteenth day of the Moone for otherwise the Snailes will annoy it In like manner it must not be sowne neere vnto anie Vine or Orchard or anie place where there are trees growing because it draweth vnto it the iuice of such plants as be neere it and yet the Fetch doth not make the ground leane but rather fat and that it is so appeareth because that so soone as the Fetch is taken away out of the fields there may Peason Millet or anie other sort of Pulse be sowne Panick HE that would sow Panick must make choice of a light grauellie sandie or stonie ground and such a one as is situate amongst hills and on the tops of hills and yet whereas there is no little resort of water for that it being hot by nature groweth and putteth forth more easily than Millet It must be sowne in Summer and it groweth so speedily as that it may be mowen within fortie daies after that it is sowne The inhabitants of Gascoigne make bread thereof but it is verie vnpleasant because it is verie short and apt to câ—umble away euen like ashes or sand The Perigordians frie it with butter or oyle others eate it with milke or meat-broth Fenugreeke Cummin and Mustard-seed FOr the sowing of Fenugreeke you must make choice of such ground as you would for the Fetch which you must not cut the second time seeing the first if it be done thicke and small and not deepe will serue for if the graine should be couered aboue foure fingers it would not be able to sprout and spring vp and therefore the plough and harrow both must goe but lightly ouer it The meale of Fenugreeke with Brimstone and Nitre doth take away the freckles of the face If you mingle it with a fourth part of the seedes of Cresses in vineger it will proue a singular remedie for the falling of the haire called Tinea If you boile it in honied water putting thereto some Swines grease it will resolue the swelling of the testicles hands feet and vnder the eares and is profitable against the wrenches of ioints The decoction thereof drunke oftentimes doth infinite good to such as haue beene troubled with an old cough and likewise for the vlcers of the breast for the distillations and rhewmes falling vpon the eyes you must wet clothes in the decoction of this seed and apply them vnto the browes And as for Cummin and Mustard-seed wee haue spoken of them in the second Booke Medick fodder or Snaile-clauer THere is not either anie Pulse or other feeding which is more agreeable or more precious for the feeding of beasts than Snaile-clauer called in French Sainct foin for that it may seeme to spring out of the earth and as it were of a more speciall fauour from God not onely for the nourishing and fatting of heards of cattell but also to serue for Physicke for beasts that are sicke and in that respect it is called of the Latines Medica Some call it Burgundie hay because the Burgundians 〈◊〉 beene alwaies verie carefull for the sowing and tilling of this hearbe The inhabitants of Picardie call it Foinasse and manie haue giuen it the name of great Trefoile Howsoeuer the name goe the benefit of this grasâ—e is so great as that euerie casefull husbandman ought continually to reserue the better part of his grounds to bee sowne therewith Make choice therefore of the sowing and growing of great store of this grasâ—e of an euen ground that is verie cleane and fat easie to be plowed and which hath had three earings before it was sowne as also which hath beene well dunged well harrowed and digged and delued rather in the decrease of the Moone than plowed with the plough beginning the worke in Iune afterward in August October December and Februarie to the end that the weedes that are in the ground may bee sufficiently killed as well by the heate of Summer at the cold of Winter After that you haue made the ground well pleasing and fit by such industrie beginne to sow it in the end of Aprill during the new of the Moone and toward the latter end of the day for being watered by the dew of the night it will spring more speedily and easily out of the earth than and if it were sowne in the heat of the day because it would be burst continually and would come but to small effect and profit You must not bee niggardly in sowing of it for
indifferently serued with vvater not such a one as hath any fresh springs or fountaines either breaking out euen with the vppermost face of the earth neither yet carried along within in the depth of the earth below but only in such sort as that neere vnto them there may be water to moisten their rootes withall and the same moisture must not be either bitter or salt to the end that the tast and â—auor of the wine may not be spoiled So that by this it appeareth that it is not meet to plant Vines in deepe and low valleyes albeit they might and would bring forth grapes in great abundance and that because they would not ripen in due time and so there would be made of them no better than a green vvine of small value adde hereunto that Vines seated in low valleyes are very much endangered by the Frosts of the Winter and Spring time and are also subiect to haue their grapes to burst and to runne out their iuice and to rot vvhich vvould cause a musâ—ie and foughtie taste in the vvine and therewithall vvhen the yeare is rainie the kernels cleaue and burst out through the abundance of moisture by reason vvhereof the grape being in this sort too much moistened and nothing at all dried the vvine becommeth vnsauorie and apt to grow sowre and fall into many other faults And if you happen to light on such a place then chuse to plant there such plants and yong shootes as may beare clusters not too thicke set but growing somewhat thin that so the Sunne may pierce through them much lesse may you plant those Vines vvhich haue their pith taken out and bring forth a firme and solid grape in cold and moist grounds as neither yet in a hote and drie ground such Vines as haue substance enough in them and beare a grape somevvhat soft But chiefly if your place be so well appointed by nature as that it consist of and containe grounds that are fit and meet vpon the tops of great hills together vvith some low and small hills then make choice of them to plant your Vines thereupon It is true that it vvill hardly grow there at the first but hauing once taken roote it vvill yeeld a verie pleasant and noble vvine such as the vvines of Ay Hadre Argentueil Meudon and Seurre be In generall if you vvould plant a Vine vvhich may profite you in bringing forth abundant store of good fruit you must see that the ground be gentle easie fine and indifferent light to be stirred not as though such a ground onely vvere good for Vines but for that it is most kind naturall and best agreeing for Vines to be planted in sandie stonie grauelly and flintie ground as also such as consisteth of a Potters clay in the bottome and couered ouer with earth is good prouided that they be intermingled with some fat earth and that they be often refreshed by being digged euen to the veine of stones or rocke In a sandie clayie and churlish stubborne ground the first digging and casting of it must be good deepe and such grounds also would be thrise digged or cast at the least Such grounds bring forth strong and delicate vvines but such grounds as haue of stones or flints great store vpon the vppermost face of the earth are not fit for Vines because in Summer they stand at a stay by reason of the great heat of the Sunne being beat back vpon them by the said stones and they doe no better in Winter because of the excessiue cold which in like manner then troubleth them True it is that if a Vine be planted in a grauelly rockie and stonie ground that then it will not be needfull to cast so deepe because the roote is not so farre downe into the earth as is the new planted Vineyard which is made in a sandie â—oile and it is contented with twise digging for the most part A soile standing vpon Walkers clay or marle as loegâ—y vpon Yonne is verie good for Vines but the ground standing vpon a Potters clay is not good In like sort the grauelly ground is not altogether fit for though it yeeld a daintie good wine yet it yeeldeth but a veâ—ie little and there also the new planted Vineyard is very subiect vnto the hauing of his grapes washed away The drie and burning earth doth yeeld leane Vines if it be not helped by the dunghill As concerning the power of the Sunne and disposition of the ayre the Vine delighteth not to be planted vpon the tops of mountains and much lesse in places lying open vnto the Northeast winde but it delighteth in an ayre that is rather hote than colde and faire rather than rainie it cannot abide tempests and stormes it reioiceeth in a small gentle and friendly winde and would bee turned toward the East or South It is true that generally in cold places vines must stand vpon the South and in hot places vpon the North or East prouided that they be sheltred at such time from the winds as well of the South as of the East if the place be subiect to Winds it will be better that it should be to the Northerne or Westerne Windes than otherwise in temperate places either vpon the East or West but the best is towards the East Furthermore in as much as it is a very difficult thing to find all these commodities and good properties of ground and aire in euery countrie the good workeman shall fit the plants of his vines vnto the nature of the places and countries wherefore in a fat and â—ertile ground he shall set the young plant of a small vine and such a one as beareth but little as the Morillion the Melier and the Aubeine and in a leane ground the plant that is very fruitfull as that of Samoureau Tresseau Lombard Ouch Muscadet Beauuois and Pulceau in a thicke and close ground the plant that is strong and putteth forth great store of wood and leaues as that of Morillion Morlou Tresseau and Pulceau in a small mould and reasonable fat ground the plant which putteth forth but a little wood as that of Samoureau Lombard and Beaulnois and by this meanes the defect and want or the excesse and superfluitie of any qualitie in the young plant of the vine shall be supplied or corrected by the nature of the ground and that in such sort and manner as that of two excesses shall spring one meane and well tempered thing which is a point to be wished and requisite in the growing of all sorts of plants Furthermore he may not plant in moist places the young plant which is giuen to beare tender and grosse grapes as that of Samoureau Gouet Mourlous Pulceau Cinquaine and Tresseau In places â—ossed with winds and stormes he must prouide to plant such a kind of vine as is woont to bring forth hard grapes and sticking fast and close vnto the stalke but on the contrarie that which shall haue accustomed to beare tender
eies in their branches which haue not beene iniured or hurt by the hardnesse of weather and which are neither young not old but in their chiefest strength and middle age or not much past Of such vines must your branches be gathered in the increase of the new Moone somewhat late of the day in the afternoone not of such as grow most low not yet of such as grow highest but of the middle growth and such as are round smooth and fiâ—me hauing many eies and about three fingers of old wood together with the new It must be planted presently that so it may take the sooner in the earth whiles yet it is in life or else presently as soone as it is cut off to wrap it in its owne earth not tying it hard as also if you would keepe it a long time to put it in a vessell full of earth well closed and stopped perfectly on euery side that so the aire may not any way wrong it or else if it bee to bee carried into any far countrie to sticke it in an onion or wilde garlicke and then before planting of it to steepe it in water especially if the ground from whence it is gathered be drie by nature The vine-dressers of the duchie of Burgundie before the planting of crossets do cause them to be steeped one whole day or a night in running water and find by experience that the said crossets do take more easily Others cause the branch to be set and planted by and by that so it may take the sooner CHAP. VI. The manner and way to plant Vines THe first casting of the earth for to plant the vine must bee done in the Spring or Sommer in which first digging or casting of it the ground must bee cleansed of all superfluities as rootes weeds and stones it must be digged and renewed oftentimes to the end that the earth which is vppermost may bee brought vnto the bottome and that in the bottome may bee turned vppermost to moisten and refresh that which is drie and to heat and drie that which is moist thick and afterward made euen and cast into many furrows pits of a foot and a half breadth depth till you come to the hard stone in the bottomâ— and the knights or guids of the one side the other of such a thicknes aboue as may aunswere to the depth of the furrow which yet must be made hollower in a rough and crabbâ—d ground than in sandie flintie or wet ground in the bottomes of the sides of which furrowes there may bee put stones so that they bee no bigger than a loafe and couered with earth for the cooling of the vines in the heat of Sommer as also to the end that vpon great raine the water may find passage and not stand at the rootes of the plants Whereupon your ground being well laid with stones in this sort and rested and setled after the first dressing of it and being in the time of this rest turned oâ—er and wrought for the taking away of the couch grasse and other weeds you must spie out some calme and quiet weather to plant in according to the place where you shall bee and the nature of your ground prepare make readie sharpen and cut off the root and hairie threeds of your young plants and fit them well for the South Sunne plant them in the middest of the furrow in the plaine flat where your foot vseth to â—read and one right ouer against another and after the maner of a Burgundian crosse for to make them after that they are couered with earth and old made dung or with the earth which hath beene cast out of the furrowes and thrown on the ridges leape to the two sides of the furrowes towards the ridge of either part for so they beare more fruit and this is called the double plant which must bee vnderstood of the plants onely which are so planted in doubt that if one doe die the other may escape or that and if they both take the one of them may bee taken vp to put in place where others haue failed For howsoeuer the plant set of a crosset may make the better foot and root yet for certaine it is harder to take than the marquot although the marquot be not so lasting and of such continuance in as much as the crossets do put forth rootes of themselues Furthermore you must cut off the greatest wood and most knottie from the vine stocke which you know to bee the fairest and most fertile and it must consist both of old and new wood It continueth foure yeares without fruit and on the other side without some misfortune it is seene to continue thirtie yeares in his vigour and lustinesse After it is cut off it must be cut fit not leauing aboue three or foure ioints at the most two wherof in planting it may stand aboue ground and if it haue put forth any eielet you may rub it off with your finger or nip it off with your naile If you make lesser furrowes you must plant them after the fashion called â—n godeau after the Angeuin fashion setting euery one distant from another two foot one marquot betwixt two knights or guides as is vsually obserued in planting of stocks in the nurcerie of fruit trees and after that to leaue it foure yeares in the same state that it may be laid downe againe when it is growne that is some two or three yeres after it hath put forth strong and able wood in such sort as that to vines so planted there need no propping or vnder bearing for the chiefe and principall foot as it is in trees doth sufficiently beare vp the siences putting forth of the same In Languedoc and Prouence they plant them in this sort but they pricke them downe a great deale further off one from another and set an oliue tree betwixt euery two which nothing hindereth by his shadow either their growth or the Sunne from hauing full power vpon them And yet they leaue not so but as is vsed in Italy they set in euery furrow fiue or sixe rowes of pulse or wheat and yet so as that there groweth no intanglement betwixt them and the vine as not being set or planted amongst them and yet they let not to plant the oliue trees in corne fields prouiding as hath beene heretofore said that the shadow thereof doe not any thing hinder the growth of the graine The marquot would be planted as soone as it is raised from his stocke with his whole furniture of twigs and that alone in the middest of the furrow because of his small sprigs seeing there is no doubt made of the taking of it againe it must haue a bed and spreading place of great length it groweth sooner as hath beene said than the crosset but in like manner as the grafted one it indureth the least and shortest time of all the rest After that you haue planted your crossets
earth because that vnder the crust of the frost it inwardly gathereth its sâ—rength together afresh that afterward it may shew forth iâ—s whole force and power in the Spring Wherefore in cold places it will bee better to plant your vine before the Spring as on the contrarie in hot drie and vnwatered places in Autumne to the end that the raine which shall fall all Winter may supplie the defect of other water and that the roots may the sooner take in the earth and then and at that time principally when nature ministreth most nourishment vnto the rootes My counsell is that in planting vines there be not any holes made but rather little pits of a fadome and a halfe in widenesse and as much in depth and this is to be done in October if you mind to plant your vines in Februarie or else in August if you meane to plant your branches before Winter The principall tooles of a vine-dresser are the mattocke to digge and turne ouer the ground withall the forked picke axe to make pits withall thâ— spade the weede forke to cast vp weedes withal the rake a little saw a great hedging bill a little hedging bill to crop and cut off the wood and to make young branches and an aâ—gar to graâ—t the Vine withall CHAP. VIII Of the plant of the Blacke Vine COncerning the naturall plant of the black Vine it groweth euery where the wilde doth yeeld a sharp and rough wine such as that which groweth of ground newly broken vp but the Vine that is intended to be for Claret wine is planted halfe of blacke and halfe of white Wine and thereupon standeth in neede of another manner of dressing and seat than the common Vine doth in like sort it is harder to order well as requiring a verie great care to be taken about it because the wine which commeth thereof is most pleasant to the eye and of excellent taste albeit that it doe not nourish so much The yong plants of the blacke Vine are the Morillion the Samoyreaâ— the Negrier and the Neraut Besides which for to make Claret Wine it is accustomed to adde the yong white wine plant And for the mingling of them afterward to make a Claret it will in a manner suffice if among three or foure plants or branches of the blacke there be one of the white The best of the blacke plants is the Morillion the wood whereof being cut sendeth forth a redder liquor than any of the other and the best of this sort is the short one being iointed within the bredth of euerie three fingers at the most and growing more or lesse thicke according as the countrie is bearing and nourishing it it beareth a well packt fruit and hath a rounder leafe than any other of that sort The other Morillion hath a long wood iointed with ioints at the end of euerie foure fingers at the least it is thicker and fuller of pith within and in cutting also it is pithie and so more loose the barke except that on the outside is verie redde and the leafe three forked after the manner of a goose foote and like vnto the leafe of the â—igge-tree This second Morillion is otherwise called wilde Pinot it beareth but few cleere grapes and those also small but the wine proueth strong yea better than that of the â—irst Morillion The third Morillion called Beccane hath a blackewood and the fruit is like vnto it in the blossome it maketh a great shew of Wine but when it commeth to ripenes halfe the fruit and sometimes more falleth away The branch is longest iointed of all the rest and groweth more in length and height of wood than any of the other This third kind of Morillion is called Le frane Merillon lampereau it ripeneth before the other Vine plants and yeeldeth good wine and as much as both the other The Samoyreau is likewise found to be of three sorts the best of which branches is short iointed and of a verie hard wood the other draweth verie neere vnto it The third sort is called indented Samoyreau otherwise white Prunelat and that because that his wood is whiter than the other the wine it yeeldeth is of an vnpleasant taste and it beareth but some yeares It hath furthermore this fault that when the fruit should come to be gathered it is for the most part found fallen down and shed vpon the earth The Negrier called redde Prunelat hath a redde bark the wood is long iointed of a thicke and grosse pitch a leafe verie much cut and the grape great cleere verie redde and last ripe Wherefore there needeth to plant but a few of these red plants for the colouring of the other blacke and fastning of them it keepeth and defendeth itselfe from the frost because it hath a high stocke The Neraut called the blacke Bourguignon hath the same nature with the white Bourguignon a hard and a verie blacke vvood a fast and small pith ioints one vpon another an indifferent leafe and altogether round the foot thereof being verie redde the fruit very thicke and close standing one by another as though it were a piled or packed thing it saueth it selfe better from the frost than any other there needeth not so much to be planted of it for it maketh a deep colour in such sort as that they which haue great store of it planted make wine for woollen-diers and â—ell it very deere The small Rochell and Bourdelais of the same nature are scarce to bee found because they are not any great bearers neither yet good for any thing but making of arbours the wood is red as shal be said afterward in inâ—reating of the white vine except because it is â—ound a little redder of a very vermillion colour where it is cut off CHAP. IX Of the plants of the white vine THe best young plant of the white vine is the Frumenteau whose wood draweth towards a yellow colour next vnto it is the Muscadet which beareth a red wood next vnto the Muscadet is the â—ine Pinet of Anjou which hath a wood drawing neere vnto a greene and the fruit yellow as wax There is no young plant that is more apt to beare and indure the frost than the Gouest which beareth a tawnie coloured wood and is very thicke in his stocke hauing a round leafe and yeelding much fruit There is another kind of Gouest which is called sage Gouest so called because of the tast that it maketh in the mouth it is smally in request notwithstanding that it yeeld great store of wine and be no more subiect to the frost than the other Gouest of the same â—ort The fruitfullest of all the white vine plants is that which is called the white Bourguignon or Mourlon or else the Clozier whose ioints are distant some two fingers and a halfe and the fruit hauing a short taile is thicker and closer grown than the Rochelle the leafe is very
in this order and to water them often so long as vntill the buds doe put forth To keepe grapes all winter long you must cut them downe after the full Moone in a faire and calme season about eight a clocke in the morning when the deaw is vanished and afterward dip them in the Sea water ouer head and eares or else in salt brine mixt with a little boyling wine laying them afterward vpon barley straw Som put them in a vessell full of new wine or else in a vessell close couered and luted Other some doe keepe them in honie others annoint them ouer with the juice of Purslaine others keepe them in Oate chaffe CHAP. XIII Of the diseases of the Vine and the remedies for the same SOmtimes the Vine is troubled with violence of windes or else by the vnwarines of the Vine dresser wounding the same with his pickaxe in these cases you must couer the bruised or hurt place with goâ—â—es dung or sheepes dung mingled amongst verie choice earth and cast the ground round about them oftentimes with the pickeaxe The Vines will not be spoiled with the frost if in diuers places amongst thâ—â— there be made heapes of drie dung or chaffe and when you perceiue that frosts are toward to set the same on fire for the smoake rising thereof will breake the force of the frost notwithstanding if it come to passe that the Vine bee alreadie spoiled and the fruit destroyed it must bee cut off verie short that so his strength may yet continue in the remainder for the yeare following it will bâ—are twice as much fruit The vine will not be blasted if when it is about to bud you cut it as late as it may for this late cutting of it will make it to be in blossome at such time as the Sunne is in his greatest and most feruent heat To breake off such mists and fogs as are alreadie gathered in the aire for feare they should fall vpon the vines you must make a smoake round about the vineyard with the dung of goats well kindled and set on fire Against such fogs as haue already hurt the vines you must stamp the roots or leaues of wild cucumbers or of coloquintida and lay them to steepe in water and with the same to water the vines after the mists Some say that if there bee many bay trees planted in the vineyard that then all the malitiousnesse of the mists wil fall vpon their boughs Some say that the barren vine will become fruitfull if the bodie thereof bee watered with man or womans water that hath beene made long before and dropt vpon the vine stocke by little and little and if therewithall presently after it be laid about with dung mixt with earth and this cure must be done in Autumne Vines are perceiued to want moisture when their leaues turne very red this disease must be holpen by watering them with sea water or man or womans vrine The vine sometimes poureth forth great store of teares whereupon it commeth to passe that it looseth his force altogether The remedie is to breake the barke of the vine vpon the bodie therof and to annoint the wound with oyle boiled to the halfe or else with the lees of oyle not salted and afterward to water it with the strongest vineger that may possibly be found The vine sometimes falleâ—h into such a scattering disease as that it letteth its grapes fall off the markes and signes thereof are when the leaues thereof become white and drie and the branch falleth broad lenow and soft this is to be remedied with ashes beaten and mixt with strong vineger and rubd about the foot of the vine and by watering all that is round about the stocke The vine shooting out into ouer many branches must bee cut off verie short and if for all this it giue not ouer it must bee barred at the rootes and riuer grauell laid round about the stocke together with a few ashes or else some stones for to coole the same If the grapes wither and drie away as they hang vpon the vine you must take away such as are alreadie withered and water the rest with vineger and ashes of vine branches or for the more certaintie water the foot of the vine with strong vrine which hath stood a long time There are some vines that do rot the fruit which they haue newly brought forth before such time as they become fully growne and ripe to cure this mischiefe you must put old ashes vnto their roots or grauell or else barley meale mixt with seed of purcelane about the stocke and bodie To preuent that the biting or breath of oxen and kine which are very hurtful vnto vines may not do them any hurt at all you must wateâ— the foot of euery vine stock with water wherein the hides of oxen or kine or some such other beasts haue beene steept and mollified for oxen and kine haue the stench of this water in such detestation as that they will not abide to come neere vnto the vine Caterpillers lice and such other like small vermine will not hurt â—he bud or the leafe of the vine if the hooke or hedgebill wherewith you prune and cut away the superfluous boughâ— of your vine be annointed ouer with the bloud of a male goat or the fat of an asse or of a beare or with the oile wherein caterpillers or brayed garlicke haue been boiled or if you annoint and rub them with the purse and sheath of a badgers stones after that it hath been ground To driue away little noisome beasts which are called locusts from the vines you must procure smoakes to be raised amongst the vines of the dung of oxen or Galbaâ—um or of some old shooe-soles or of harts-horn or of womans haire or for to plant amongst the said plants some pionie To preserue the vines from being annoied of the small beasts called shrewes you must cut them in the night when the Moone is in the signe Leo Scorpio Sagittarius or Taurus or else you must water your vines with water wherein haue beene steeped in the Sunne for the space of ten daies ten riuer or sea craie fishes Pismires fretting in sunder the wood of the vine euen vnto the marrow will not hurt the same at all if you annoint and rub the stocke with the dung of kine or greaâ—e of asses The bay-tree and coleworts doe likewise hurt vines very much if they be planted in the same ground but especially the coleworts which the vine hateth aboue all the rest there being a naturall and deadly contrarietie betwixt those two plants in so much as that coleworts are a preseruatiue from drunkennesse at wee shall further declare by and by wherefore the good vine-dresser shall neuer sow or planâ— any coleworts baie-trees or hasell in his garden of vines CHAP. XIIII Of the manner of gathering grapes or of vintage THe last paine
cast into the vvhite wine the dried or greene roots of all the sorts of â—orrell To make clarret wine beate the vvhites of three egs in a dish vntill the froth arise and adde thereto some white salt and as much vvine beate them all together againe vntill such time as that they become very white afterward fill vp the platter with vvine and put all into the vessell of vvine and keepe it You shall make a wine that wil beare great store of water if drying the roots of hollihockes you shaue and scrape them casting the said shauings into the wine which afterward you must roule and mingle together very carefully Wine will haue no flower if you put in the vvine the flowers of the vine gathered and dried or the meale of fetches changing the vvine into another vessell when the meale and the flowers are setled downe to the bottome You shall make the boiled wine called Cute if you boile new vvine that is good louely and very sweet vntill the third part thereof be consumed and then when it is growne cold you must put it into vessells for your vse To make sweet vvine that will so continue all the yeare you must gather your grapes whole and let them lie spread three daies in the Sunne and tread them the fourth about noone The sweet vvine that is to say the very liquor vvhich shall run out into the fat before the drossie substance come vnder the presse must bee taken away be put by its selfe and boiled and after it is boiled put to nineteene quarters of it an ounce of Ireos or corne flag vvell braied and straine this vvine vvithout the lees vvhich being done it vvill continue sweet firme and vvholesome for the body To make vvine like vnto Greekish vvine you must gather from the vines earely grapes very ripe and those you shall drie in the Sunne three daies and tread them out in the fourth and the vvine thus made you shall put in a vessell hauing care to cause it to purge and cast out the filth vvithin it as also its lees at such time as it shall boile And the fift day after that it shall be purged you shall put into it two pounds of reboiled salt or very small beaten salt or at the least one pound in eighteene quartes and a halfe of vvine To make a vveake and feebie vvine to become an excellent good wine take a handfull of the leaues of Tota bona and a handfull of fennell and smallage seed and cast them into the vessell To make good houshold vvine you must cast how much the tenth part of the wine commeth to which you haue drawne or made in one day and to cast as much spring water vpon the drosse out of which the said wine was gathered and pressed with this you must mingle the scum taken off from the wine in the boiling of seething of it as also the lees remaining in the bottome of the treading fat which shall bee lee lie and steepe in the same a whole night the day following you must tread them all together with your feet and afterward presse them out then you must put that which shall come forth into vessells and stop it vp when it hath boiled and purged To cause troubled wines and such as are full of lees to settle poure into thirtie quarters of wine halfe a pint of the lees of oyle boiled till the third part be wasted and the wines will settle by and by and returne vnto their former estate or else which is better and more easie cast into the wine vessell the whites of sixe or seuen egs and stir them together very well with a sticke You may take away the force and strength of vvine if you put into it some iuice of coleworts vvhich you shall haue bruised before hand and thereupon drawne out the iuice To drinke great store of Wine and not to be drunke you must eate of the rosted lungs of a goate or otherwise eate sixe or seuen bitter almonds fasting or otherwise eate raw coleworts before you drinke and you shall not become drunke Some say that a great drinker shall neuer become drunke if he weare a wreath of Iua moscata about his head or if at his first draught he repeate this vearse of Homers Iupiter his alta sonuit clementer ab Ida which is to say Iupiter was heard speaking in a soft and gentle manner from the high mount of Ida. To prouoke hatred of Wine you must take the thin liquor which droppeth from the braunches after they bee cut and put it in the drunken mans glasse against such time as he shall drinke but so as that hee know not any thing of its and thereupon his appetite and lust to drinke Wine will depart quite away from him or else cause him to drinke with white wine the blossomes of rie gathered at such time as the rie bloometh or else take three or foure eâ—les aliue and let them lie in wine till they die and afterward cause this wine to be drunke off by such as are giuen to be drunke or else take a green frog which is ordinarily found in freâ—h springs and let the same lie in wine till she die otherwise marke diligently where the owle haunteth that so you may get some of her egs frie them and giue them to the drunken gallant to eate To make drunken men to become sober you must make them eate colewoorts and some manner of confections made of honie or else drinke great draughts of vineger To be the meanes that wine shal not become strong take a peece of salt lorde and tie it to the hole by which you turne vp your wine into the vessell with so strong a thread as may beare vp the lard which lard must hang in such manner as that it may but touch the vppermost part of the wine and this will keepe the wine from becomming strong through his fatnesse and saltnesse which hinder the separating and refining of the same which is the thing that giueth strength vnto the wine To cause new wine to become old by and by take bitter almonds aud melilot of each an ounce of licorice three ounces of the flowers of lauander as much of aloâ—s hepaticke two ounces bray them all and tie them together in a linnen cloth and so sinke them in the wine You shall finde out and know whether the wine will keepe long or not after this manner when the wine shall be turned vp you must within a certaine time after change it into another vessell leauing the lees behind in the first vessell which must be very well stopt on euery side and then afterward you must diligently trie out and see whether the lees do change and begin to get any ill smell or no or whether they breed any gnats or such other little wilde beasts and if you perceiue that nothing of all these falleth
is gone before the riotousnesse and pleasure of men hath beene the cause that Vineger came euer in request not onely for sauces but also for many other vses It shall not therefore be thought vnreasonable to vse a word or two about making of Vineger The most common way to make Vineger is on this sort They vse to take good wine and therewithall to â—ill the vessell to the halfe leauing it vnstopt and set in a hot place as in some corne loft or in some gutter betwixt the tiles If you desire to make Vinegar in hast you must cast into your wine salt pepper and soure leuen mingled together and yet to make it the more hastly you must heat red hot some stone tile or gad of steele and put it all hot into the wine or else the mouth of the vessell must stand alwaies open or else the vessell must be set in the Sunne three or foure daies and therewithall a little salt put in the vessell or else fill a new earâ—hen pot that is not halfe baked with wine and stop it well afterward put it in a kettle full of boiled water vpon the fire and letting it there remaine a long time in the boiling water it will grow soure or else put into the wine a beete root stamped or a radish root or medlars ceruises or hornes mulberries vnripe sloes or a shiue of barley bread new baked or else you must take of the blossomes of the ceruise tree in there season and drying them in the Sunne after the manner of rose-leaues either in a glasse vessell or in one of blacke earth fill vp the same vessell with pure Vinegar or Wine and so set it forth againe into the Sun or in the chimny end to the heate of the fire and in a short time it will become strong and very sharpe Vineger but if you would restore it againe to his former state of wine then you must cast of colewort roots into it CHAP. XX. Of some obseruations and instructions concerning Vineger TO make strong vineger take the fruit of the cornell tree when it beginneth to grow red and of bramble berries such as grow in the fields when they are halfe ripe drie them make them into powder and with a little strong Vineger you shall make little prettie balles which you shall drie in the Sunne afterward you must take wine and heate it and when it is hot put into it this composition and it will bee turned very speedily into very strong Vineger To make Vineger with corrupted wine take a rotten and corrupt wine and boile it taking away all the scum that riseth in the boiling thereof thus let it continue vpon the fire till it be boyled away one third part then put it into a vessell wherein hath bin Vineger putting thereto some cheruile couer the vessell in such sort that there get no aire into it and in a short time it will proue good and strong Vineger To make drie Vineger to carrie whither a man listeth take of wild cherries when they begin to be ripe and yet the fruit of the cornell tree is better of mulberies when they be red and vnripe grapes thâ—t are very thicke and of wild a cornes before they bee ripe stampt all together then take of the best Vineger you can finde and mingle them all together make vp the masse into small loaues setting them to drie in the Sunne and when you would make Vineger temper some of these small loaues in wine and you shall haue very good Vineger Otherwise take the vnripe iuice of corne that is very greene and stampe the same putting Vineger thereto and thereof make a past wherof you shall make little loaues to be dried in the Sunne and when you would haue Vineger temper of these loaues in so much wine as you shall see sufficient and you shall haue very good Vineger To make rose-vineger take good white Vineger and put therein red roses either new or dried keeping them many daies in the vessell and afterward taking them out put them in another glasse and so keepe them in a coole place after the same manner you may make Vineger of elder-tree flowers To make Vineger without wine put into a vessell soft and daintie peaches and vpon them pearched barley letting them putrifie all a whole day then straine them and vse the liquor or else take old figs and burnt barley together with the inner parts of orenges put all these into a vessell and stir them vp very well and oft and whenas they are become putrified and resolued straine them out and vse the liquor To make sweet Vineger take fiue pints of strong Vineger and with as much new wine reserued vpon the treading out of the grapes adde some quantitie of pitch and and put altogether in a vessell which you must stop very carefully and after that all these haue continued together for the space of some thirtie daies you may vse thereof for Vineger otherwise take a vessell of new wine and mingle it with two vessels of Vineger and boile them together till the third part be consumed Some doe adde three vessels of spring water vnto two of new wine and one of Vineger boiling them all together vntill the third part be consumed To make mightie strong Vineger drie the grosse of grapes two whole daies then put it in new wine put thereto some of the vnripe iuice of corne and you shall make a strong Vineger whereof you may haue the vse within seuen daies after or otherwise put pellitorie of Spaine into Vineger and it will make it strong Furthermore if you boile the fourth or fifth part of Vineger vpon the fire and put it vnto that which is before prescribed putting it after all this in the Sunne some eight daies you shall haue a pleasant and strong vineger The rootes of couch-grasse when they are old boiled grapes the leaues of the wild peare tree stamped the roots of brambles and whay the quicke coales of burned acornes and boiled ciche pease and hot tiles euen euery one of these by themselues being cast into Vineger doe make the same strong Pepper vineger is made by casting into vineger or hanging therein whole pepper made vp in a linnen cloth for the space of eight daies You shâ—ll know if there be any water in the vineger if you put into it any Salnitrum for then if it swell vp as though it would boile you may boldly say that there is water in it To make vineger good to helpe digestion and for your health take eight drams of the sea onion and two pints of vineger put them together into a vessell and vvith them as much of pepper mints and iuniper berries then vse it afterward To make vineger of sea onions you must put ten such onions salted into fiftie quartes of sweet new vvine and foure pints and a halfe of strong vineger and if it be not sharp
the same trench to the thicknesse of a finger or two and vpon that to set the tree which you are to plant then couering the rootes with earth to sway vpon them gently with your hands that so there may not any aire stay about them and in filling vp the said furrowes you must prouide that they haue some sloping of earth both on the one side and on the other in maner of a gutter to the end that if it raine the raine and moisture may run away the more easily And to the end that the planted trees may grow the better you must lay their longest roots all along the trench on the one side and on the other and if by hap it fall out that there be long ones on euerie side so as that they cannot easily bee laied along in the furrow you must inlarge the furrow a little in the place where such roots require it to be enlarged to the end that the said roots may not touch the firme and fast earth but may bee buried and wrapt in soft earth that hath beene moued and stirred You must likewise cut off by the top of the shanke all the trees which you plant that is to say such as you plant to make high and tall tymber trees or which you mind to set along by the sides of the alleyes till you haue not left aboue the length of fiue or sixe foote to stand out of the earth to the end that they may the sooner beare a great quantitie of woode but the trees which you are purposed to plant for lowe and small wood must bee cut that there bee not left aboue a foote and a halfe for it will bee sufficient if they haue the length of foure inches out of the ground neither is there any danger in mingling chesnut trees with oakes except a man bee purposed to plant one wood with oakes onely and another with chesnut trees and as concerning the thickenesse of the said trees it needeth no deepe aduice for they may bee either of the thickenesse of a chesnut tennise-ball or some other such like but rather the care is that they bee well and newly taken vp and planted the same day they bee taken vp or at the farthest the day following Neither is it doubtfull but if they bee of much larger and bigger compasse as seuen or eight foot in length aboue the ground and twentie inches in compasse yet they will grow as well and as fast as the younger especially the â—lme aboue all other trees nor would I wish you if you can get them to chuse plants of any lesse bignesse And howbeit that some Woodwards are of opinion that the ash would bee planted but of a meane length because say they looke how mâ—ch it is aboue the earth so much it will shoot out in roote vnder the earth before it begin to prosper aboue yet it is but a false coniecture and if you intend to haue a faire and a large tree you must chuse the fairest and largest plants that you can get and then planting them in a conuenient and due time and in a fit earth they will in one Winter recouer that roote which shall preserue them from perishing euer after againe you must remember that as soone as you haue fixed your plants in the earth and couered them wel close which is a principal care you must then forthwith couer the top of the head all ouer and at least halfe a foote downeward with clay and mosse stâ—sly well tempered together and if the clay be apt to chap or riue then you shall mingle a few ashes therewith and so keepe it closse couered till the new branches spred forth and couer the head all ouer then when those branches are put out and are tender you shall plash and order them at your pleasure whether it be to make a tree for timber or for shade for speciall marke or for any other deuice whatsoeue The wood thus planted must bee twice laboured and tilled once in the end of Aprill and the second time at the end of Iulie after the fall of some great raine vpon thunder and if the caterpiller shall fall vpon it within the yeare it must bee clensed and freed from them CHAP. VIII Of the time when wood is to be tilled and husbanded IT is here to be noted that the chiefe principall furtherance and comfort that can be giuen to trees either reclaimed or wild is the labour bestowed vpon them in due conuenient time for the more they are husbanded tilled so much the more do they grow and prosper in greatnesse wherfore dressing and labour is necessary for young plants of all sorts of trees as well small as great and especially the foure first yeares they must be husbanded throughly and plied with two seuerall dressings euery yeare as vines are that is to say towards the middest of Aprill when they begin to put forth their buds and towards the end of Iune this must be done in moist rainie weather and not when drying winds or heat doth raigne because the ground then stirred would do nothing but turn to dust which would destroie the young springs and cause them die againe the said earth dressed at such time doth more easily conueigh the drienesse of the drie earth turned downe vnto the rootes of the trees which is very contrarie vnto them seeing that moisture is the thing that is required for the nourishment of plants and againe if the ground be moist it ioineth it selfe close vnto the roots and lendeth vnto them of his moisture The other reason is for that the earth being newly opened by its lying open giueth pasâ—age for the water raine or dew to enter more easily vnto the said roots The principall labour to be made about all trees is to root out all weeds seeing they are giuen to grow euery where in all grounds and which if they be suffered to grow vp sucke purloine and carrie away the sap and substance of the earth in such sort as that there is not left sufficient vertue and power to nourish the rootes of the late planted trees well and in good order and this is perceiued by the labour made in dressing of the vine and gardens the which the more they are husbanded and tilled so much the more fruite and young springs they put forth and become so much the more beautifull and faire So it will bee the chiefe worke after you haue planted trees to cause them to be so dressed in seasons that are moist and that twice at the least and that will cause them to grow greater of wood greater of boughes and to yeeld double profit And if extraordinarily the Sommer proue rainie so as that your plants become ouergrowne with much weeds it shall be left to the discretion of the husbandman if he see that his plants be not cleane to bestow a third dressing vpon them to the end that the weeds may not
they delight most in SEeing it hath beene deliuered and laid downe here aboue what time and manner is to be obserued in the planting of all wild trees and in giuing them such tillage as may easily and in short time procure their growth it hath seemed good vnto me to write some little thing of the nature and sorts of trees which are planted and found ordinarily in the vvoods and forrests of France and to declare briefely what manner of ground they delight in and in what soile they proue greatest and most profitable to the end that the planters of them be not frustrated of their paines and purpose and that that which requireth a drie and hot soyle be not planted in a moist and low soyle as also that the trees vvhich delight in a moist and low countrey be not planted in mountaines and drie countries for this falleth out oftentimes to be the cause that such as bestow their cost in planting doe misse of their intent and that the plant being in a ground cleane contrarie vnto it doth not come to any profit For which cause I will here in a word expresse my mind concerning that point not with any purpose to describe or comprise all the natures vertues and properties of trees neither yet to speake of all kinds of trees but onely to describe and declare the places and grounds wherein they prosper and grow most as also to make knowne the diuersitie that is amongst trees of one and the same sort and of one and the same name as which are most fit to be planted and best for to make shadowes to walke or sit in I know that there are diuers sorts of trees that grow both in the Easterne Northerne and Southerne parts of the vvorld vvhereof we are almost altogether ignorant and which in respect of the diuersitie of the regions doe not grow at all in this climate and of these I mind not to speake at all because my purpose is only in briefe to lay downe that which is necessarie to be knowne about the planting of common trees such as are ordinarily to be found in our owne forrests and not of strange and forraine ones the trouble about which would be more than the pleasure And as for such as are desirous to attaine the perfect knowledge of all manner of trees growing in any part of the world and their vertues properties natures and seeds they may see the same at large in Theophrastus in his fourth booke of the historie of Plants and in the third booke vvhere hee particularly entreateth of the kinds of wild and sauage trees for he particularly runneth through the nature force vertue seed and manner of planting of euery wild tree as well those of the East North and South as those of the West but it shall be sufficient for vs at this time to declare the nature of fiue or six sorts of trees which commonly grow in the countries hereby and of their kinds and what ground euery one delighteth in Now therefore to begin there are two sorts of trees in generall the one is called vvater-trees or trees delighting to grow in or neere vnto the brinkes of vvaters in medowes and in low and watrie places the other land trees or trees delighting to grow vpon the firme and solid land and vvhere the waters by inundations or ouerflowings vse not to come But first we will speake of the trees liuing in or about vvater CHAP. XV. Of the Aller Poplar Birch Willow and other trees haunting the water YOu shall vnderstand that there are foure or fiue sorts of trees vvhich of their owne nature grow neere vnto vvaters and which except they haue great store of moisture doe hardly prosper or grow at all of vvhich amongst the rest the Aller is one that most coueteth the vvater for the Aller is of that nature as that it would be halfe couered in vvater and at the least the most part of the rootes must of necessitie be within and stand lower than the vvater for otherwise they would not take insomuch as that trees of such nature ought to be planted in moist medowes and neere vnto the brookes running along by the said medowes or in marshes for in such grounds they take and grow exceeding vvell This tree is apt to take in moist places because it is a vvhite vvood containing much pith and putting forth great store of boughes in a short time by reason of the moistnesse of the vvaters vvherewith it is nourished and fed The said Aller trees may be planted two manner of wayes as namely either of branches gathered from great Allers or of liue roots digged vp in most places together with the earth and set againe in the like ground and that in such sort as that the halfe of the said roots be lower than the water and the vpper part couered with earth the depth of one finger and in the meane time before they be planted they must haue all their branches cut off too within a fingers length of the root and it will put forth againe many young shoots after the manner of Hasel trees You may read more of the Aller tree in the fourth booke There is another sort of vvater-wood which hereabout is commonly called white wood of this kind are the Poplar Birch and other sorts of wood which grow close by the water side and vpon the banks of ditches springs and little brookes and it is a common practise in Italie to lay their conueyances and pipes to carrie their vvater from riuers throughout their grounds of those woods And these kinds of trees may be easily planted of young roots along by the vvater and riuer side both most conueniently and profitably especially the white Poplar otherwise called the Aspe tree whose leaues are apt to shake with euerie small winde Where rootes cannot be got there may in their stead be taken faire and strong plants such as are vsed in the planting of Willowes The Birch doth somewhat resemble the white Poplar in his barke and the Beech tree in his leafe but it craueth a colder and moister soile than the Poplar And this is the cause why it groweth so plentifully in cold countries The other sort of vvater-wood is the Willow vvhich as wee finde by proofe groweth nothing well except it be in a moist and warrie countrie and neere ioyning to vvaters The manner of planting of Willowes is commonly by setting of Willow plants and those such as are of a good thicknesse and strength as namely as great as one may gripe for looke how much the stronger and thicker they be so much the moe shoots will they put forth and so much the stronger This tree differeth much from the Aller for the Aller will haue his rootes all within water but the Willow would stand higher and spread his roots along into the ground that is wet and moist and neere vnto water vvithout hauing his roots altogether in the water according whereunto it is
continually seene that Willowes planted vpon causeyes banks hauing some ditch of water ioyning thereunto that in such sort as that their roots may reach but to the brinks and edges of the water proue fairer taller and more plentifull than those which grow in waterish medows because that for the â—â—st part their roots stand moist in water You may read of the Holme tree in the fourth booke I say not that Willowes Allers Poplars such white wood will not grow in high places notwithstanding that it is their nature to grow neere to water and doe prosper best in such places and if they be planted in high places and farre from vvater they are hardly nourished and put forth very little in growth insomuch as that a hundred such trees as are planted in waterie countries vvill yeeld more vvood than a thousand planted in a drie countrey notwithstanding all the indeuor and husbandrie that can be vsed yea and they will perish and die a great deale sooner This I say because it is easie to make them grow and to husband them in a high or hillie place by watering and dressing of them in conuenient sort vvhich labours as they are not performed without great cost so if they happen to be neglected it proueth to be the losse and spoile of the trees vvhereas if they be planted in some place that is fit for them and neere vnto vvater according as their nature requireth they vvill prosper vvithout the toile or industrie of man vsed therein Notwithstanding for as much as the first yeares after they be planted they haue much to doe to shoot and nourish their roots and such branches as are alreadie put forth it wil be best to free them of all such twigs as they shall put forth the first yeare to the end they may more easily seed their roots as also that thereby the force of winds which would take such hold of offall may not shake and loosen those which are alreadie fast for vpon such causes trees doe many times die be they neuer so well planted I know that it is not alwaies required that such paines should be taken especially about those which are orderly and conueniently planted in planting or pâ—uning of them notwithstanding I say thus much for them vvhich goe about the making of close alleyes for walkes and shades that they may cause them to grow much in a short time for this they shall effect by planting of them in furrowes and not one of them perish and as for their paine and labour they shall haue the pleasure thereof in shorter time and larger manner Herewithall it must be noted that whensoeuer you set or plant any such trees you must so doe it as that it need not a second doing for if any of them should die it would be the harder to set others in their places so as that they would thriue because the shadow of the other which liue would cause the same to die seeing it is vsually seene that the elder and stronger ones doe oppresse the weaker keeping them vnder and causing them to miscarrie Wherefore the greater care is to be vsed in the first planting of them and the more paine to be taken with them seeing the sequele is a thinâ— that is so hard to be redressed The time to plant Willowes Allers Poplars and other such vvoods is alwaies found best in the beginning of Februarie or at the later end of Ianuarie vvhen the great cold is past being otherwise apt to hurt such plants as are new set as hath alreadie beene said As concerning the properties of these trees thus delighting in watrie grounds the leaues and flowers of the white Poplar although they be a little hot doe notwithstanding make a very cooling ointment called Populeum good to take away the heat of inflamations as also the milke out of womens breasts that are newly deliuered Birch-tree yeeldeth twigs which serue to make rods for the punishing of theeues withall as also to make baskets little maunds beesomes and couerings for earthen bottles Of the stocke is made charcoale seruing for the melting of mettall And of the rinde are made links to giue light in the night season for to such end doe country people vse them The iuice of the leaues mixt amongst the runnet of a Calfe doth keepe cheese from wormes and rottennesse If you pierce the stock of the Birch-tree there will come forth a water which being drunke a long time is of power to breake the stone of the reines and bladder being taken in a gargarisme it drieth the vlcers of the mouth and being vsed in lotions it cleanseth and taketh away the filthinesse and infections of the skin CHAP. XVI Of Ashes Elmes and Maple-trees THe Ash doth naturally craue a low and waterish countrey and therefore doth grow more plentifully in such places than in high grounds and therefore for the most part they must be planted in such low and waterie grounds though not altogether so low and waterie as the Willow Poplar and Aller doe craue howbeit notwithstanding they may be planted in indifferent grounds and Elmes will grow well therein Their proper nature is to delight in moist valleyes for therein they prosper well and grow vp to a great height with straitnesse and beautifulnesse of Timber Notwithstanding this is a common vvood vvhich may be planted in all sorts of grounds howsoeuer that it like better in fat and moist grounds than in those which are but indifferent but they much dislike the drie rough stiffe and grauellie grounds if they be not mingled with moisture The auncient Woodwards vsed to plant them most in hedge-rowes and on the tops of great bankes or ditches where they might haue drie standing yet be continually fed at the root with a little moisture vvhich sure was a very good and husbandly manner of planting the Ash neither shall you at any time see it prosper better than when it is planted in such places It is naturally of it selfe â— little more tender than other wild trees and desireth a more gentle and loose mould which maketh them prosper the best in mixt hasell grounds or in moist sandie ground yet if they doe take in clay grounds as doubtlesse with a verie little care they will doe one Ash so growing is better tougher and more seruiceable than any three which are taken from the sandie or mixed earths It is a timber of no lesse precious vse than any other whatsoeuer for of it are made all your best Pykes Byll-shafts Halberd-shafts and diuers other engines for the vvarres of it also is made all manner of Plow and Cart-timber vvhatsoeuer as Beames Heads Skeathes Hales Spyndles Shelboords Cart or Wayne bodies rings for Wheeles Naues Harrow-buls Harrow-teeth Axle-trees and any other instrument or engine vvhich desireth a firme gentle yet a verie tough vvood a timber that must bend before it breake and not by any meanes be too extreame portable or heauie in the carriage but both
for their leane dogs which hunt the hare and you must mingle sometimes amongst these pottage a little brimstone to heat them withall As for your raw flesh meate which amongst huntsmen it called ket if you do not eate it all at a meale you shall preserue it in some cleare running streame by suffering it to lie hid in the water till your next occasion to vse it Oates ground hulls and all and so scalded in hot water is a very good mange or meate for hounds and so is also your mill-dust scalded in the same manner But if your hounds happen to fall weake or sicke or bee ouer hunted then you shall take the bagges and intrailes of sheepe hauing turned the filth and excraments forth and washt the bagges well and also the sheepes pluckes and boyle them in faire water with a good quantiof â—atemeale till the pottage bee thicke and so giue it reasonably warme to the hounds this is a soueraigne good meate and it is very comfortable for weake and sicke dogs of what kind soeuer they bee and bring them into lust and strength sodenly Their kennell must be made in some place standing vpon the East through the midst whereof dotâ—â—un some little riuer or spring The place wherein the dogs shall lie shall be builded with very white wals and floores of boords close ioined for â—eare that spiders fleas wal-lice and such like should breed there He that shall be appointed to keepe them must be gentle mild and courteous louing dogs of his naturall instinct and such a one as will make them cleane and dresse them carefully with wisps of straw and little brushes being readie to giue them some prettie dainties to â—ate and to draw them alongst the greene corne and meadowes as wel to giue them appetite to their meat as also to learne them to run and to cause them to passe through the the flockes of sheepe and other tame cattell that so they may bee accustomed vnto them and be made to know them Iâ— the dogs be sicke you must vse the remedies following for lice â—leas and other vermine wherewith dogs are loden oftentimes especially in the times of great heat you must bath them or at the least wash them and rub them with a wispe with a decoction made of large quantitie with ten good handfulls of wild cresses wild marierome sage rosemarie rue patience and fix handfulls of â—alt all being well boiled together to the consumption of the herbs To driue out wormes you must soke perrosin made into pouder aloes poâ—dred vnquencht lime and liue brimstone made likewise into pouder euen all these in one oxegall and with this liquor rub the place infected with wormes If dogs be bitten of serpents you must cause them to take downe the iuice of the leaues of ash tree incontinently or else a glasse full of the decoction of rue white mullein mints and broome whereunto must be added the weight of a French crown of treacle applying treacle in like manner vnto the bitten place When the dogs are bitten of mad dogs they must forthwith be cast into a vessell of sea water nine times one after another or for lacke of sea water into common water wherein hath bin dissolued foure bushels of salt this will preserue them from going mad And if it happen that you haue not prouided this remedie timely inough but that now the dog is fallen mad to the end that you may keepe the other from the same mischiefe you shall be carefull that the mad dog run not abroad and therefore you shall kill him by and by for it is but all in vaine and altogether impossible to goe about to cure such madnesse the signes of such madnesse are the drawing vp of of his taile at the vpper end hanging the rest straight downe a very blacke mouth without any froth a heauie looke and that aside in ouâ—â—thwart and crosse manner Against the scabs tetters itch and gauls of dogs you must take three pounds of the oile of nuts one pound and a halfe of the oile of oile of lees two pounds of old swines grease three pounds of common honie a pound and a halfe of vineger and make them all boile together to the consumption of the halfe of the vineger putting thereto afterward of perrosin and common pitch of each two pounds and a halfe of new waxe halfe a pound melt altogether casting in thereto afterward the pouders that follow a pound and a halfe of brimstone two pounds of reboiled coperas and twelue ounces of verdegrease making them all vp together in an ointment but they must be washed with water and salt before they be annointed with this ointment For the wormes in dogs you must make a drinke of the decoction wherein haue beene boiled wormewood southrenwood and the shauings of harts-horne or else cause them to swallow downe pils made of harts-horne brimstone aloes and the iuice of wormewood When the dogs are tired rub their feet with this restrictiue made of the yelkes of egs the iuice of pomegranets and soot finely poudred all of it being wel mingled together and left to settle one whole day Dogs are often hurt of wild bores in many parts of their bodies and then according to the places where they are hurt they must bee ordered and looked to with dressing of their wounds If the wound be in his bellie and that the guts comeforth vnhurt you must first put them in againe and then afterward put into the bellie in the place where the hole is a slice of lard and so sow vp the skin aboue but the thred must be knit of a knot and made fast at euerie stitch of the needle and withall cutoff the thred at euery stitch so fastened as much is to bee performed in the wounds that shall be made in other places alwaies obseruing to put some lard into them For wounds which dogs shall receiue the iuice of the leaues of red coleworts is a very souerainge balme being applied presently vnto the wound healing them vp very speedily or else take the iuice of Nicotiana whereof we haue spoken in the second booke Against the canker breeding in the eares of dogs taking a dramme of Sope of oile of Tartar Salarmoniacke Brimstone and Verdegrease incorporated all together with white vineger and strong water and rub the cankered eares therewith nine mornings If the dogs after they haue run in frost after raine and such other bad weather or swum the riuers lakes after the game come to take cold presently as soone as they come to their kennell they must be chafed and dried at a great fire and after that their bellies rubbed and wiped with wispes thereby to wipe away the dirt sticking vnto them Oftentimes in coursing ouer the fields rocks dogs come to haue the skin striken off of their feet for the remedying whereof it will bee good first to wash their feet with
282 Clapper or Warren storing thereof 645 646 To Clod the earth 541 Câ—mpound water of trees 461 Clâ—uds darke and thicke a great signe of raine 26 The nature of the Lark called Cochenis 727. and her feeding ibid. To cut Cocâ—rels or to make them Capons 77. to fat Capons ibid. with speede 590. to make them lead Chickens 515. to make their stones good to make leane men fat 74. Capons of Mans and Bretaigne 73 Cocks and Capons must not haue their wings broken 67. one Cocke to a dozen Hennes ibid. notes of a good Cock and his colour 68. Cocks crowing at all houres a signe of raine 〈◊〉 How to order and breake Colts 1â—8 the marks of a good Colt 135. Colts how they must be looked to 1â—6 and to burne them and slit their noâ—â—â—â—ils ibid. to geld them 127. the means to make them seruiceable ibid Colutea 291 Rocke Comsâ—ey 202 Great Comâ—rey ibid. Compositions of honey 230 Conâ—es are a kind of Hares 697. those of the Warren how they must be cared for and fedde 646. the diffeâ—ence betweene those of the Warren and those of the Clapper 648 Conserue of the root of Elicampane 428 Conserue of Quinces wherefore good 376. laxatiue conserue of Quinees iâ—id Constraint is neuer good 12 Sale Cookes their vse of great deceit 117 Corke trees what ground they delight in 667 Red Corant tree 342 Coriander 245 Corne of all sorts and the manner of growing them 548. Seed-Corne how it must be chosen 543. to sow â—anne riddle lay vp corne vpon the end of the Moone 31. such diuers sorts thereof as are fit to make bread 571 Corne of diuers Countries of France and which are the best 571. the grinding of them 572 Tuâ—kie Corne and how it must be husbanded 553 Saracâ—ns Corne or Wheat ibid. Aduertisements concerning all manner of Corne and Pulse 569 570 Corne-flagge 239. distilled 462 Costmarie and his properties 182 The Court next the dwelling house and the scituation thereof 15. how it must be walled 16 Cowcumbers without water 195. how they may be kept 281. enemies to oyle 190. their huâ—tful qualities ibid. obseruations to be knowne concerning the same 194 Creame of milke and how it must be prepared 65 Crâ—spinet a singular hearbe against the Stone 〈◊〉 Cresses and their faculties 184 Crowes bathing themselues and braying at night are a signe of raine 25 Crowfoot 210 Cummin 249 Curiositie the ouerthrow of good wits 1 Curlew 78 Cuttlâ—-fishes and the manner of taking of them 515 D ADaies worke how much ground it containeth 518 Criticall Daies concerning the Moone 3â— The 12. Daies of the feast of the Natiuiâ—itie do prognosticate the disposition of the whole yeare 28 The Huswiues Dairie-house 16 The Dairie-woman and her office 38. what medicines she is to know for the diseases of the familie 39 Daisies 237 Daâ—es how planted 338 Date-trees how planted 390. male and female and their nature 292. what earth they craue 390 Dates how to be kept 409 Dâ—â—â—-wort 206. distilled 453 â—earth and the signes fore-shewing the same 29 〈…〉 grounds how they may be prepared to beare fruit 10 〈◊〉 â—iâ—phâ—â—nicon distilled 462 〈◊〉 Diligence of the householder doth ouercome the weakenesse of the ground 10 〈◊〉 249 〈◊〉 good kind of Dissembling 21 〈◊〉 by whom it was inuented and the kinds therof 439 440 〈◊〉 of many sorts of waters with a briefe discourse therâ—upon ibid. 〈◊〉 what it is ibid. 〈◊〉 of Oyles and Quintessences with a discourse theâ—eupon 469 〈…〉 Herbes Flowers Baâ—kes and Roots euery one by themselues 45â— c. 〈…〉 of Distilling 440 〈◊〉 matter must be prepared before it be Distilled 448 〈◊〉 Distill by Coldnesse 440 with the heat of Sand. 450 oftentimes one and the same water 451 what maner of heat is requisite thereto ibid. licours and the maner of ordering all things therein 454 compound waters three manner of wayes 460. c. per descensum 464 468. and without heat ibid. with a filtre ibid. liuing things 458 wood 480 481 â—â—sâ—ruments and vessels for Distillation 441 〈◊〉 forme of Furnaces to Distill chymicall oylâ—â— 471 472. â—â— itches for fishes 508 â—â— ittanie and his properties 210 〈◊〉 203 â—â—â—ogges three sorts belonging to a Farme-house 120. to preuent their going madde and how to handle them 221 â—â—â—â—oggeâ— their names ibid. â—â—unting Doggâ—s are of three sorts in generall 685. their keâ—nelâ— and feedings 676. their diseases and cures 677. c. 〈◊〉 Doggeâ— how to traine them vp to fit them to hunting to swimming and diuers other pretie qualities 68â— their tumbling vpon the ground a signe of raine 25 〈◊〉 Madde Dogges 678 〈◊〉 madde Dogge hauing bitten an Horse â—47 〈◊〉 Dogges-tooth a signe that water will 〈◊〉 found if there be pits cast 7 〈◊〉 Dogge-tree 395. and how to keepe the fruit thereof ibid. â—â—he backe Dâ—re of the house 18 〈◊〉 ground Dung-house how and where it must be made and â—eated 17 〈◊〉 Doue-houses 86 〈◊〉 Dragons great and small 268. distilled 465 〈◊〉 Dreames ioyfull in the new of the Moone 32 â—â— Drinkes made of fruits and a discourse of the making of them 410 â—â— â—rinâ—e of Sloeâ— 419. of Ceruises 395. the making of the Drinkes of Cerâ—ises 419 〈◊〉 haue a barren seed 626 〈◊〉 Drunkennesse how hurtfull a thing it is to man 625 〈◊〉 and Drakes how they must be kept and handled 〈…〉 where they must â—it on nights ibid. 〈◊〉 â—ild Ducks made drunke are easie to take â—8 〈◊〉 â—lesh pleasant to eate ibid. Ducks bloud good against all manner of venime â—bid Young Ducks ibid. Dung of the Stables where to be laid 15 What manner of Dung is to be laid vpon the ground 534 Than Dunâ— nothing more deare 535 Dunâ— of diuerse sorts and how and when it must bee spread 536 Dung of Pigeons for what ground it is good 89 Duâ—g what is good or euill for the Vine 599 602 603 Dung of Oxen Kine and Sheepe is good for manie diseases 104 116 of Men Kine and Pigeons diâ—tilled and their vertues 557 of Hares hindeâ—eth conception in Women 698 of Hens swallowed of an Horse causeth winging in the bellie 147. and causeth haâ—re to grow againe 74 of Hogges stayeth the spitting of bloud 111 of Goats cureth the Parotides Bubo Sciatica and other Apostemes 120 of â—urtle Dâ—ues for the spots of the eyes 84 of the Goose for the Iaundise 77 of Dogges excellent for the Squinancie 122 To Dung the ground and what manner of dung it must be 535 To Dung the ground in the encrease of the Moone 32 To lay any Dung to Vines is a damnable thing 595 There must 〈◊〉 two Dungâ—â—â— made and why 15 E EAgle the king of Birds 707. and the nature of Eagles ibid. The Earth of a cold and drie nature 10. of contrarie qualities according to her particular plots ibid. Diuers sorts of Earth and their diuers manner of tilling and encrease 11 Blackish and yellowish Earth good and fruitfull 11 12 Eâ—â—on borne the sixt day
Maisters of families their office and dutie ibid. Masticke tâ—ee 306 Stinking Mathweed 53â— Mead and Methâ—glin what manner of drinke they be amongst the Polanders and Englishmen 332 Medowes and Medow-plots and how many sorts of Medowes and the manner of making them c. 49â— 492 What manner of hearbes must bee sowne in Medowes 495 To harrow water and cut downe Medowes 498. to gather in the hay 499 In what quarter of the Moone Medowes must bee cut downe 32 Medow-sweet 59 Meale of all sorts 573 〈◊〉 Hogges â—07 all Hogges better burnt than scalded ibid. Meâ—hoacan with a discourse of his maruellous root 225 the reason of the name and his vertues ibid. the markes of it ibid. the picture of it â—â—6 Meddicke fodder 494 â—64 and the husbanding of it ibid. Medlars how they may be kept a long time 408 Medlars without stones 36â— Sweet Mâ—lars 365 Spiced Medlarâ— 361 Where Medlars grow best what their facultieâ— be 382 Melilot 252 Melons 192. their gathering and goodnes ibidem Certaine obseruations about Meâ—â—as â—93 Mercurie 20â— Mesâ—ing or Masâ—ing 549-550 Meâ—â—salem borne the 8. day of the Moone a good day and happie day 33 Mâ—â—â—oile 206 The manner of ordering of Milke and well dressing of it 64 Milke of Nurses doth encrease by vsing the fomentation of the decoction of Cabages 166 To encrease Milke of Kine 500 Milke of Asâ—es for such as are in a consumption 147. and to make the bodie white an example ibidem Milke of Goats is leane and for what diseases it is good 119. Their Milke is more wholesome than Sheepes Milke 118. Milke distilled and the vertues thereof 469 Milleâ— how it muâ—â— be sowne and dressed 559 Milleâ— groweth weâ—l in a sandie ground 11 Mints why of old time for bidden to Captaines in warre 244 Myrrhe distilled 545 Oyle of Myrrhe 563 Mâ—tle-tree and his nature 289 Miâ—kâ—ns their 〈◊〉 and nature 725 The Moneths of the yeare and their disposition foreshewed 28 The Moone how it increaseth and decreaseth 30 of the Influencâ—â—â— thereof ibid. what power euery quarter of the yeare hath ouer beasts plants and fruits 32 foreshewing snow in the Winter 25 of the Criticall daies thereof 31 Mortar of wisdome 447 Motherwort groweth in ill-tilled and rough grounds 200 To Mowe 49. To hunt Mowles and to kill them 315 Moysâ— parted the sea the 26. day of the Moone 34 Mugwort 250 Mulberies early and late 362. how kept a long time 409. white ones that neuer grow red or black 363 Mulberietrees their seed where it must be sowne 339 of two sorts and what earth they loue their properties 383 how to graft them ibidem and how they are planted 341 Mulcheepers Mulets Mules their nature food and diseases 251 Mules Muletâ— the diuersities of their generations ibidem rubbing their â—ares more than ordinarie a signe of raine 25 of Auuergne good for the plough 89 they exceed all other beasts 540 a good Mulet is an euill beast ibidem White Mullen 205 Muskadell 364 Musicke inuented by Sheepheâ—rds 110 Mushrums eaten the remedie against their mischiâ—uousnesse 61 Mustard and how it must be made 281 Mustard of diuers countries ibidem N 〈◊〉 born in the ninth day of the Moone an indifferent day 33 Narcissus and why so called 239 Nature is neuer idle 531 Nauewes and Nauâ—â—s and their vertues 158 568 186. being lowne they put forth by the end of three daies 161 The Neat-heard his charge and conditions 90 Necessâ—â—â— begeâ—â—eth skill and awakeneth care 5 A good Neighbour requisite 5 〈◊〉 stinging and dead 209. they make flesh to bee soone 〈◊〉 ibid. New Wine not verâ—e wholesome 617. what it is 622 Necoâ—iana wâ—th hâ—s maruellous vertues 215. an heat be of diâ—ination 2â—â— the Quintessence thereof and two excellent ornaments made of the same 222 223. distilled 453 Nigella 252 Nightingales male and female to know one from the other 719. to cure them being melancholicke 718. how they must be handled and â—ed 717 Mad Nightshade â—â—2 Noâ— the first inuentor of making and drinking of wines 410. borne the tenth of the Moone a prosperous day 33 Normans would be intreated peaceably 23 The North hurtfull to the Farme-house 5 The Nurserie 18 The Orchards Nurserie 334 339 O OAkes and their kinds 556. males and females ibid. Oakes are the most noble and deaâ—est of all other trees 649 At what time Oakes would be planted 652 How to sowe Acoâ—nes for the growing of Oakes 655 656 To haue Oakes greene at all times 363 Oakes grow a hundred yeares stand at one stay a hundred yeares and are decaying a hundred yeares 6â—6 Oake of lerusalem 246 Oate-meale made of Oates and the making thereof 558 575 Oates and their manner of husbandrie 558. distilled ibid. Oile Oliue of three sorts 427. how it must be made prepared and kept 426 428. the vertues thereof ibid. Oile an enemie to plants 429 prepared three waies 424 of many sorts and their vertues 431 hot and cold 432 distilled their faculties and lasting 479 of diuers hearbes and their qualities 433 the manner of pressing them out of fruits 429 three things must be considered in them ibid. made by impression 431 the time fittest to distill them 474 the order to be kept therein 474 475 478 distilled and a discourse thereupon 469 of Roles of two sorts 433. ibid. and a new way to make the same ibid. of Linseed 368 of â—â—uing things or their parts 458 of Gâ—aâ—acum 48â— of Nauets â—86 of Virgins 427 of Foxes how made 434 of Serpents ibid. of Eggeâ— 4â—5 of Wheat ibid. of Hay ibid. of Brimstone 436 â—â— Oile Omphacine 427 〈◊〉 To thaw Oâ—â—â— when it is frozen 428 〈◊〉 Where to keepe and lay vp Oiles 17 〈◊〉 Oliues and Oliue-trees 295 〈◊〉 Oliues how kept long 409 the gathering and profit of them 296 preserued 4â—â— in what ground they delight most 388 their nature ibid. to plant and graft them 388 to geld them ibid. â—â—saruellous things of the Oliue-tree 296 〈◊〉 liueâ—rees grafted vpon the Vine 388 planted in what season 37 grafted ibid. being barren how to make them to become fruitfull 389 must be kept from Turtle-doues and Stares 390 they hinder not Vines 597 full of mosse 339 〈◊〉 â—range-trees what ground they craue 376 how to plant sowe and graâ—t them 302 〈◊〉 â—ranges preserued 421. distilled 464. and how kept 409 〈◊〉 â—â—ganie or bastard Maricrome 245 â—â—rpin 206 â—â—esser Orpin ibid. 〈◊〉 â—he Farnâ—ers 〈◊〉 16 〈◊〉 â—xen more profitable for the Plough than Bulls 90. and how they must be gelded 91 〈◊〉 â—he Ozâ—â—r plot 11 P PAlma-Chrisâ—â— 211 Palmer-wormes and how to kill them 314 Pantrie 579 〈◊〉 â—aper endureth euerie thing â—9 〈…〉 â—88 〈◊〉 â—ild â—arsneps 495 〈◊〉 â—rtridges 84 〈◊〉 â—assion what manner of Wine it is 622 〈…〉 to make bread and how to handle and dresse it 577 〈◊〉 â—asture ground 18 〈◊〉 â—aunsies and their veâ—â—ues 240 〈◊〉 â—tacâ—-plumtree 372 〈◊〉 â—each-trees how planted and where 338 how grafted 362 eately 384 〈◊〉
â—eaches to keepe long 409 red 363 spiced ones 362 without stones 364 written 363. distilled 465 〈◊〉 â—o haue fruits halfe Peaches and halfe nuts 360 〈◊〉 â—each-apples â—66 and Spanish Peaches 372 〈◊〉 â—â—â—â—ckes are proud lecherous and iealous how they must be fed 81 their roust 17 their flesh better than the Turkies 83 〈…〉 a fish and how to take them 516 〈◊〉 â—are plums how planted 338 〈◊〉 â—â—res how to keepe long 527 earely and late ones 365 how to haue them without stones ibidem of Augusta 362 〈◊〉 â—tre-trees are the most pretious of all others except apple-trees 380 and what earth they loue 381 soften Pearlet 288 Maruellous Peason â—88 Peason â—at the leane ground 563 to cause to be such as will be soone boiled â—94 Pellitorie of the wâ—ll â—09 Water Pepper 169 Penniroyall 248 A Penthouse for plough geare â—18 Percipier â—92 Perrie and how it is made 417 Persâ—ley and his vertues â—81 and why so called ibidem Peruincle 204 Presages of Pestilence 667 Petaâ—ites or Lâ—gwotâ— 20â— Female Petum groweth of the seed of the male 334 and his vertues ibidem The sume of Petum appeaseth hunger and thirst 221 Pharao borne the nineteenth of the Moone a daungerous day 32 Naturall Phisicke must be well knowne to the datie-woman 39 To seperate the Phlegme in artificiall distillation 451 The people of Picardie would be handled very 〈◊〉 23 Pigeons of the doue-house and how they must be fed 86 which be the beast 87. and that they haue young ones thrice a yere 88 comming home late to their cote and â—â—sage of raine 25 Pikes taken in fresh water 507 Pimpernell 212 Pine-trees and Pine-apples and their properties 292 Pine-trees how planted ibidem they craue a sandie and light ground 392 Pionie 204 Pipes for the conueying of water from springs 8 Pistaces brought by Monsieur du Ballay B. of mans 297 298. what carth they craue 339 The Pits called Aronques in Prouence and Langâ—â—docke 6 The Plane-tree 306 Plantane of three sorts and their their temperatures 208 495. a signe that water will bee found there vnder ground 7 To Plant trees to haue exquisite fruits 360. trees and in what season 367. a tree without roots 400. and remoue hearbes 165. and to 〈◊〉 them ibidem Plants and how they must be husbanded whether they be of timber-wood or other 657. of sciences and shoots 341. of stones 338. of vines when and where to be planted 598 599 Tokens foreshewing Plentie 28 29 Ploughs Charrets and Carts 18 Ploughs of diuers sorts according to the countrie and soile 540 The arders of Ploughing before it be sowne 537 Ploughing an art that an householder cannot want 4 Ploughing with oxen is not but of necessitie 90. but it is beâ—â— ibidem To Plough for the second arder and third and so to sow 54â— Laxatiue and sleeping Plums 393 To haue Plums readie at all times 362 Plums of Brignoles 39â— Plum-trees how planted 3â—7 in what places they delight 392 what distance must bee giuen in setting them betweene the one and the other 39â— when they grow vndisposed languishing 393 The people of Poictoâ— giuen to be wilie and watie 49 A Pole of measure 518 Polenta what and how made of old 575 Polygonum 159 Pome-Adams 377 Pomiâ—â—ones what kind of Hawkes 211 Pomegranates how to keepe 408 their nature 304. reâ— ones 365. without kernels 305 Pomegranate trees and their plants 341. where to bee planted and their nature 394. how they must be husbanded and grafted 304. to keepe them that they lose not their flowers 305 Poplar trees in what season planted â—6â— being grafted vpon Mulberrie â—rees they bring forth white Mulberries 363 Popâ—ins 256 Poppies and the properties thereof 189. the kindes thereof ibid. Wild Poppie of two sorts and their vertues 170 Pooles how they must be dressed and kept 508 and the wild sowle haunting the same 506 that are famous ibid. neere to the Farme-house 21 necessarie in drie and scorched places 6 Fish Pooles 514 The Portall on the back-side of the house 18 Preâ—â—â—â— of raine must be knowne to the Farmor 24 Presages of all things that the householder must haue â—ore-knowledge of 26 Preseruing what it is and what the word doth signifie 279 Preseruing of fruit 421 Preserues of diuers sorts 420 of fruits how they must be made 423 and conserue of Gentian 279 To Preserue hearbes of all sorts 279 Princes their pleasure in Summer in wattie places 6 Priuies stinking more than ordinarie a signe of raine 25 Priuet 240 To Propagate foure manner of waies and the time most fit to propagate 343 Prouence how fruitfull 12. the inhabitants of Prouence haughtie and cannot abide to be reproued 23 Pumpâ—â—â—â— 192. their goodnesse and gathering 193. obseruations concerning them 194 Laxatiue Pumpions ibid. Sweet smelling Pumpions 195 Pulse when how and where they must be sowne 570. they must be reaped in the wanâ— of the Moone 31. aduertisements concerning them 569 Purselaâ—e and the vertues thereof 223 Pyes male and female doe sit their egges 86 Pyes distilled 457 The Pyrene mountaines abound with marble 5 Purchase by statute the surest of all others 3 Q QVailes are birds rather of the earth than of the aire they make no nests 85. their feeding ibid. their flesh causeth giddinesse and headach 85. their flesh causeth also falling sicknesse ibidem Quarellous persons not fit to be made farmors 22 Quilles gathered of dead geese not so good as those which are gathered from the liue ones 77 Quinâ—es of diuers sorts 375 made into gellie 420 spoile other fruits growing neere them 408 Quince trees how planted 34â— 376 Quintesâ—nces how they may be extracted 450. 669 R RAdishes contrarie to wine and their other vertues 187 Raine foreshewed by asses 25 Signes of Raine ibidem To Râ—ke lands that are to be sowne 544 Raâ—â— and the marks of a good Ramme 110 Small Rampâ—ons 495 Rauens croking and beating their wings a signe of raine 25 Against field Kaâ—s 508 To hunt water Kats ibidem To cause Rats and Mice to die sodenly 315 Reason must be preferred in all things 15 Rest maketh a man slothfull 150 Rest harrow an enemie to the husbandman 210 Restoratiâ—es of diuers sorts 460 Distilled Restoâ—atiâ—es 459 A diuine Restoratiue 430 Rice in what place it groweth â—1 Riuers bad neighbouâ—â— to dwelling houses 6 Riuers vsing to ouerflow are very hurtfull 5 The Robinet or Robin red brest and the â—â—orie of him 729 Rocket and the vertues thereof 182 Roames to tread and presse grapes in 17 Roats of potherbes 164 Rosemarie 247 Rosemaâ—ie fit to build garden arbours 2â—6 Rosemarie in conserue 280. and distilled 454. 461 Roses of diuers sorts and their temperature 283 in conserue 280 are distilled three waies 454 distilled per descensum 467 water compounded 310. 461 Prouence Roses 283 Rose at bours 282 Rubâ—rbe distilled 462 Rue and its maruellous vertues 243 Lambs Ruâ—net good against all manner of venome 116 Rie and husbanding thereof 548 S
head The Horse 〈◊〉 with cold The naile in the eye Against the bloud 〈…〉 pearlâ— and spots in the 〈◊〉 The 〈…〉 The bleared eye The skarre of the eyes Paine of the eye The â—arâ—fore or swelling of the kernels of the hart The auiues The squinancie or inflamation of the throte The Strangles The Barbes The soupe or excrescencâ— vnder the bellie To chase away files The paines of the gums and teeth The short winded horse The cough in a 〈◊〉 The horse 〈◊〉 Ague The faintnesse of the heart The broken backe The horse ouer-heated Paine in the belli Difficultie of vrine For the sniuell The Flying worme The Iauar The Figge The Wenne For a galled backe A horse swayed in the backe The backe 〈◊〉 The 〈◊〉 of the 〈◊〉 The iaundise Costiues The 〈…〉 For a horse that is bursten The â—â—inging of Flies The farcie Clefts For the scabbe The Horse swelled The colicke in a Horse The swellings of the coddes For a Fistula For a Canker The Iauar or scab in the 〈◊〉 The Horse cloyed Alene Horse The enterfering of a horse The spauine Chaps Cliâ—ts The grapes or scabber For the 〈◊〉 swelling For the disease called Paumon or 〈◊〉 galle The disease of the hoofe or the corne of the fâ—oat The garrot The disease of the necke The Palamie or bloudie chops in the palate The courbe or a long swelling beneath the elbow of the hough The swelling of the Knee Broken and chapt Knees Chafings Old tumours Wormes and bots The current Flux of bloud The restie horse Poyson eaten The stinging of Vipers The biting of the Shrew The biting of a mad dogge Hens dung swallowed by the horse The leane horse The raging loue of Mares Yellowes Stagger Pestilence Cords Rheume in the Eye A Warte A Straine Spauen To know diseases by their signes Signes of inward griefes The Horse-leacherie of P. Vegetius translated by the Author The milke of an Asse good for them in consumptions and for to make faire the countenances of women Rest maketh an Asse alwaies after vnfit for labour The markâ—s of a good Asse The diseases of the Asse The Asses-hide The Asses-â—ooâ—e The Aâ—â—e doth 〈…〉 The Mules of Auernia The diuers maners of the engendring of male and female Mules The markes of a good Asse to câ—uer she Mules Signes of a good Horse-Mule Of a good Mare-Mule The diseases of the Horse and Mare-Mule Ague Difficultie of breath Scabs in the pasternes Leanenes Cough Collicke Wearinesse and â—uer-heating The smoâ—ke of the hoofe of a Mare-Muâ—e A Quick-set Hedge The Garden doore The paths in the Garden The Inclosure Grounds Hedges The fashion of an Arbor The binding of the Arbor The worke of the Arbor and of the Vine is alike All manâ—â—r of ground by being long 〈◊〉 doth grow leaâ—t Little Turneps or Nauest Coleworts Great Turneps of both sorts Spinach Leekes and Cyues Onions Chiboles Carrets Sage and Hysope A Labyrinth Lettuce seed To chuse seeds Fine hearbs Seeds that will hardly grow Cucumbers and Citruls The power of the encrease of the Moone To â—â—w seeds in the Spring To sow seeds in Summer At what time seed must be sowne is cold and hot places The age of seeds Watring What water is good for Seeds What time is good to water Weeding and raking Clipping or cutting of hearbes Slips Gatheringâ— The time to gather Seeds The way to keepe hearbes The way to keepe flowers To keepe Prouence Roses To keepe seeds To keepe roots Common Coleworts The seed too old Prouerbe Cabage-cole The curled cole Coleworts of a good tast Red Coleworts The planting of Coleworts The watering of Coleâ—â—â—ts The 〈◊〉 betwixt 〈◊〉 the vine and the Colewort Coleworts doe keepe one from beâ—ng 〈◊〉 Coleworts enemâ—e vnto Organic and Rue Rotten Coleworts The vertues of Coleworts 〈…〉 The curled and cabbaged Lettuce The Romane Lettuce White Lettuce Cabbaged lettuce White and fairâ— Lettucâ—â— To cause Lettuce to small well Salad hearbâ— mixt together The vertues of the Lettuce â—ndiue 〈◊〉 Succoriâ— The vertues of Succorie Spitting of blâ—ud To sow Artichâ—kes vpon beds Choice of Arâ—ichokes Artichokes of a good smell Artichokes smelling like Bayeâ— Sweet Artichokes The vertues of the Artichoke The vertues of Sorrell The bloudie flux The plague The vertues of Burnet Harts-horne To cause harts-horne to thriue The vertues of harts-horne The vertues of Trickmadame Pearceâ—â—one or Sampier The preseruing of Sampier Iaundise Stone Marigolds Tuâ—ied and wel thriuing Marigolds The vertues of Marigolds Beets A speâ—iall 〈◊〉 of the 〈◊〉 Red beets The vertues of the beets For â—o make 〈◊〉 quickly The 〈◊〉 of 〈◊〉 Spinage The virtues of Spinage The vertue of Buglosse 〈◊〉 The vertues of Lâ—â—kes Poyson 〈◊〉 at the 〈◊〉 Difficultieâ— of making water For 〈◊〉 in 〈◊〉 birth Spitting of bloud Small Leeks 〈…〉 〈…〉 Dâ—ought Burning agues Chaps in the lips To preserâ—â— Purcelane To keepe 〈◊〉 from râ—tting To make choâ—ce of 〈◊〉 The vertues of 〈◊〉 Dropsie Kibed heeles The biting of a â—ad dogge Red spots Garlicke Sweet Garliâ—â— How to keepe Garlickâ— The 〈◊〉 of Garlicke The 〈◊〉 of Garlicke The Plague The 〈◊〉 of a mad Doggâ— Nits Liâ—e Colicke Cough 〈◊〉 ach Wormes Difficultie of 〈◊〉 Birds 〈◊〉 The vertues of 〈◊〉 Parsley The vertues of Parsley Deliuerie of women in their trauell A stinking breath To make water The Colicke Paine of the reines Rocket The force of Rocket 〈◊〉 and hardnesse of the spleene Tarragon Smallage Cheruile The vertues of Cherâ—ile Costmarie and 〈◊〉 The way to haue good â—â—ore of Asparagâ—â— Asparagâ—â— may grow of a Sheepes horne 〈…〉 Garden Water-Cresseâ— The vertues of Wateâ— and Garden-Cresses Tâ—â—th-ach Palsie Coâ—â—cke Good Saffron The gâ—thering and keeping of Napes The vertues of Napes Tâ—â—neps Turneps are the â—rdinarie â—eat of them of 〈◊〉 and Sauoy Turnep seed is veriâ— small Faire turneps The keeping of turneps The vertues of turneps Radishes Radishes 〈…〉 Sweet radishes Good radishes Trâ—â—ell of child bâ—â—th Nâ—ise of the â—ares The ill 〈…〉 wine Spots Grauell and 〈…〉 〈…〉 Parsneps Mypes Carrets Skirworts The vertâ—â—s The goodnesse of Mustard The â—ertues of Mustard 〈…〉 The vertues of the cucumber Gourdes The goodnesse of the seed The vertues of Gourdâ—s Melons and Pâ—â—pions The gathering of Melons The goodnesse of Melons 〈…〉 The â—ertues of Melons Melons cause 〈◊〉 to 〈◊〉 Pompions Gourdâ— and Cucumber without seed For the helping forward of their growth A Cucumber without water 〈…〉 Sweet Pompions Suger-Melâ—â—s Lasting Poâ—pions A woman in her tâ—rmes maketh Pompions drie and diâ— To keepe Cucumbers fresh a long time Pompions smeling like Roses Strawberries The â—ertues of Strawberries 〈…〉 Mallowes 〈◊〉 The 〈…〉 〈◊〉 Arsmart Eye-bright 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The vertues of Elicampane Dittander The vertues of Dittander Celandine great and small The 〈◊〉 of 〈◊〉 Little Celandâ—â—e 〈…〉 Valerian Angelica The virtues of Angelica Thâ— Plague Against the biting of a â—ad dogge Blessed Thistle The vertues of Blessed thistle Mother-wort Golden-rod The vertues of Golden-rod Saxifrage The great and small Burre Star-thistle Lâ—die-thistle Siluer-grasse
tree Pits to set the Walnut tree in or to remoue them into A signe of plentie or otherwise by the Walnut tree Walnut-trees must stand alone The Oake an enemie to the Walnut tree The grafting of the Walnut tree The beaten Walnut-tree becommeth fruitfull Tender walnut shells Walnut without shells The gathering of walnuts The profit of the walnut-tree The wood The rind shell kernell The gristle of the kernell The wood of the walnut-tree The rindâ— of walnuts The barke of Walnut-trees Mithridate The boyle 〈◊〉 capon Tertian agues The biting of a mad dogge To plant the Oliue-tree To graft the Oliue-tree Oliue-trees full of Mosse The barren Oliue-tree The fruit spoyled The withered Oliue-tree The Date-tree The gathering of Chesnuts To keepe Chesnuts The leaues of the Chesnut-tree The ashes of the Chesnut-tree The hardnes of 〈…〉 The Pine-tree The Plum-tree The Plum-tree out of frame The languishing Plum-tree Laxatiue Plums Sleeping Plums Plums of Brignoles The Pomegranate-tree Pomegranate wine Th◠〈◊〉 tree The flux of thâ— bellie Of the 〈◊〉 tree Of the Iuiube-tree The Boy-tree The greatnesse of trees 〈◊〉 to be considered The space and distance betwixt trees Plum-trees Sweet Cherrie-trees Common or the lesser sort of Cherrie-trees To 〈◊〉 To water Trees browsed wub 〈◊〉 To plant trees without roots Pits To moist an earth Too hard an earth The roots pilled Small trees A Prouerbâ— To giue trees their â—it pâ—aces To kill wormes The pricking downe of trees To take branches from trees To make way for the Sunne â—o come to the trees To take dead wood 〈◊〉 the tree What is meant by bourgening Exceeding heat of the sun hurtfull to trees To order a tree in Winter A dead dogge oâ— some other carrion made fast to the foot of the tree The mosse of trees The time to dig and cuâ— off vnprofitablâ— members from young trees The fit time to pick anâ— prune trees To cut dâ—wne branches frâ—â— old trees An old Tree fallen barren Grafts broken How to order grafâ—s afâ—er they haâ—â— put forth new wood To order and â—andle Trees â— at are growâ— vp Trees giuing ouer to grow To take away the Caterpillers nests The time to cut trees To water trees Much fruit vpon a tree Sliuen or shiuered trees Weeds about trees The small and dwarfish tree The barren tree The fâ—le in trees Wâ—rme in trees The iaundise in trees Weeuils Against snailes and ants The tree that looseth his fruit Against â—â—sting of trees The tree that looseth his flowers Against caterpillers The ouer fruitfuâ—nâ—s of a tree The dâ—fease of tâ—e baâ—â—e of â—he tree 〈◊〉 trees To hasten a tree his bringinâ— forth of fruit The drines of a tree To kill wormes that trouble trees The breeding of wormes The falling of appleâ— from the tree Fruits rising vpwaâ—d To kill Ants. Tourraine the garden of France Ripe Almonds Chesnuts Sound Chesnuts Cherries To keepe Câ—trons To keepe the Corneile-berrie For the staying of the flux of the ballie The malâ—gnant 〈◊〉 of Quinces To keepe greene fâ—â—ges To keepe walnuts sound To keepe Pomegranats To keepe apples To keepe mâ—dlars To keepe oliues To keepe peares To keepe mulberries To keep citrons and oranges To keepe peaches To keepe ceruises To keepe damaske-plums The way in generall to make such Wine What apples are fittest to make wine of The time to gather apples The manner of pressing out the drinke made of Apples Pinet The vertues of Cider Sweet Perrie Sowre Cider Cider that is harsh and rough Ciders without anie tast Ciders of mixt tast The vertues aâ— Perrie Marmalade Marmalede of Oranges Limâ—â—â—s or Citrons To make gellie of Quinces To preserue Waâ—nuts Cute wine to bâ— vsed in steed of hony or sugar Preserues of Orange pills The preseruâ— oâ— Peaches Preserued Abricots Small Peaches Peares Apples Timely Peaches To preserue Cherries Ceruiser Gooseberries c. To preserue Barberries Of Conserue Past of Plums and other fruits To keepe Peaches and other fruits To keepe Oliues The preserue of Oliue To preseruâ— Fiâ—berds or small Nuts Quince-cakes Diuersitie of colours Cinnamon sticks Conserue of fruits Conserue of flowers Leath of Dateâ— Oyle of Oats Oyâ—e by expression Oyle the proper name of the liquor of Olâ—â—es What is necessarie before the making of the Oyle Milstones Oyle mills Pressers The South Sun necessarie for the oyle presser The Willon graceth the coâ—our of the oyle Three forts of oils of olâ—e Virgins oyle Vessells for oylâ— Oyle-cellars The North is fittest for oyle cellars to stand vpon Oile Omphacine Frosen oyle To keepe oyle from becomming ranke Troubled oyle Filthie oyle Stinking oyle Putrified oyle Cleare oyle Sweet smelling oyle Good oyle in the vpper part of the vessell The vertues of oile To loosen the bellie Aspent Wine Oile an enemie to plants The vertues of the lees of oyle Oyles made by expression of many things The making of the oile of sweet almonds The drosse of sweet almonds Womens throws Paine of the colicke and kidneyes Oile for to make 〈◊〉 Oyle of Sweet almonds for perfumers Oyle-de-Bay Collicke Cold swellings Oyle of myrtles iuniper mastick tree turpentine tree and iuie berries Oyle of nutmegs Oyle made by impâ—â—ssion Three things to be considerd in making oyles by impression Oyles of flowers To make oyles by impression in Maries-bath To know if the oyle be made The qualitie of the ingâ—edients Cold oyles Hot. Tender Hard. Hot oyles Of the tendernesse or hardnesse of the ingredients Oyles made of liuing things or their parts The quantitie of the ingredients Oyle of Roses Two sortâ— of oyle of Roses A new kind of making of oyle of Roses Oyle of Cammomile Melilote Yellow Violets Corneflag Elder-tree flowers White mulleine flowers Iasmin Poppie Lettuses Water Lillie flowers Oyle of Quinces Oyle of 〈◊〉 sticke Oyle of Elder-tree Oyle of S. Iohns woort Oyle of Rhuâ— Oyle of Myrtle-tree Wâ—rmeâ—wood Marierom Southernwood Thyme and Aller Oyle of Spike Paine oâ— the stomack reines bellie matrix Oyle of Foxes Rheumes Weaknesse of sâ—â—â—ws Paines of the reins and back Oyle of Wormes Stiâ—â—e 〈◊〉 Paines of the ioynts Oyle of serpents Oyle of egges The â—yle 〈◊〉 Wheat Ringwâ—rmeâ— Fistulaes Chops in the skinne Oyle of Haye Ringwoâ—mes S. Anthonies fire Oyle of Tartâ—â— Oyle of Brimstone 〈…〉 Balme of thâ— maruellous apples Balsaminâ— Oyle of the flowers of Rosemariâ— White mulleinâ— Nicotian Paules 〈◊〉 and grâ—und luie A balme A balme Paiâ—â—s of the eares Cankers A balme of 〈◊〉 flowers In leasure to take the oppâ—rtunitie of â—easure to go about distilling The inuentor or first findeâ— out of distillation Distillation Distilâ—â—ng without heat Dâ—stilling by a Fiâ—â—re Sand â—â—baked Earth-poâ—s vessels of Iuie glasse of Fernâ— To distâ—ll by cold Diuers 〈◊〉 of â—eat Disâ—â—lling time The knowledge of the ripâ—nesse of the matter to be distilled The vâ—rtues of distilled waters The laâ—â—ing of distiâ—â—ed waters What distilling vessels were â—irst inuented Waters distilled in Mâ—ries bath An old Leaden Limbecke is better than a new The making of Ceruse The cause that maketh
gladly accepteth the watering of hiâ— roots with the lees of old red Wine strained Note likewise that seeing of one Date stone alone there will hardly grow vp any Date-tree bearing sufficient bignesse in the bole and bodie to carrie and 〈◊〉 the weight of the head it will be good to put and ioyne together two or three 〈◊〉 stones sowed vp in a Linnen cloth in such sort as that the sharpe sides may behold one another and so to set them for by this ioyning of two or three together your tree may come by a bodie sufficient big to beare the head Not further that if you would haue the female Date tree to beare fruit that then you must plant it neere vnto a male Date tree and not one onely but manie if it be possible because the neere standing of the one vnto the other causeth that the vertue of the male is conueyed and imparted vnto the female and that by the commixtion made by the wind from 〈◊〉 ariseth aboundance of fruit But and if you haue not the meanes to plant manie 〈◊〉 Date trees neere vnto the female it will be sufficient if you doe but touch the male oftentimes with your hand and then afterward lay the same hand vpon the femaleâ— or you must gather oâ— the flowers of the top oâ— the male or of the mosâ—e of the male and sprinkle the same vpon the female Eat but as â—ew Dates as you can for they make obstructions in the liuer and spleene and are also of hard digestion and 〈◊〉 the head-ach The Pine-tree groweth chiefely of a kernell which must be planted in October or Nouember in warme places or in cold places in Februarie or in March or about the fall of the apple or a little after and that in pits well digged and which haâ—e lyen vntilled and vnoccupied a gâ—od time the apple must not be broken by force of an yron thing to get out the kernels which must lie in steepe three dayes before hand and seuen of them set together and that fiue fingers deepe onely when they are growne vp you must not be too hastie to remoue them because they take 〈…〉 but in long time and verie hardly nay they cannot abide at all to be transplanted without their great hurt and hinderance but yet when time may serue to transplant them in any câ—se beware that you doe not hurt their roots especially the principall and thickest ones The Pine-tree groweth chiefely and thrâ—ueth best vpon high mountaines and places that are open vnto the wind still regard being had that the place where they shall be planted be as carefully husbanded and tilled as if it 〈◊〉 for to beare and bring forth wheat It will continue the longer time if the barke 〈◊〉 oft taken from it because that vnder the barke certaine little wormes do breed whiâ—â— fret and destroy the wood The distilled water of new Pine-kernells â—â—ake away the wrinckles of the face and diminish the breasts that are too great and swagging if there be laid vnto 〈…〉 clothes dipped â—n this water as oft as you can this water also is singular good to draw narrower the secret parts of women being too much distended and enlarged and to cure them of all manner of rheumes and distillations but yet their juice â—s more effectuall for these matters than the distilled water Pineapples are a meat of verie easie nourishment â—nd for that cause are verie good for such as arâ—troubled with the cough for them which are in a consumption and such as are sicke of an hectâ—cke â—euer but they must haue beene sâ—â—â—pt sometime in Rosewater to take away their acrimonie sharpnesse and oylie substance it is true that they be hard to digest and therefore to such as are cold of nature you must giue them with home and to those which are hot with sugar to helpe out with the hardneâ—â—e of their digestion They are good for such as haue the palsey for ach in the sinews and backe for heat of the vrine and gnawing of the stomach taken with the juice of Purslaine Figges being one of the best fruits we haue according to the ground and plant whereof they come are either more or lesâ—e sweet and sauorie and this commeth of the ayre as it is tempered with heat cold or a milder temper or else in respect of the moisture and drinesse of the grounds their fatnesse and leannesse their roughnesâ—e or smoothnesâ—e their sâ—â—ngth or gentlenesse and easinesse their stoâ—â—nesse or being without stones or their scituation amongst some old ruines and rotten stone walls for in respect of all these it falleth out that there are great diuersitie of figges as hauing some great some small some round some sharpe pointed some white some blacke some greene and some gray So that this tree loueth to be in places standing open vpon the Sunne and therewithall rockie or clayie stonie or mixt much with lyme neere vnto walls or old ruines yea within the verie walls being 〈◊〉 or halfe fallen downe especially that which beareth little figges verie sweet and white ones such as are those of Marâ—â—â—llis for such a figge-tree delighteth in a drie and grauelly place as on the contrarie the figge-tree that bringeth forth great lesse sweet and reddish figs desireth a fat and well manured ground It thriueth and prosperâ—th in a hot and tâ—mperate aire so that the ground be somewhat moist for this tree is verie daintie and quickly wronged and injured by frosts broken downe by winds and made thin and leane by drought by the which the fig will sooner be ouerthâ—owne and spoyled than the Mulberrie They are easily hurt by Frosts Mists and great Cold wherefore they must be planted in the Spring when Frosts are past vpon the South or East quarter in great deepe and well-digged pits of shootes and boughes of two yeares growth being faire and round ones and full of knots for these are most fruitfull And to cause them the better to take root you shall take away their barke at the nether end of the stemme about halfe a foot and yet leauing it notwithstanding fastened thereunto that so the said barke may turne into â—ootes It may in like manner be sowne of figges layd in steepe and bound about with small lines and then afterward planted in that manner and watered often and diligently but it would suâ—e better if it were grafted vpon a Plumme tree or Almond tree for so it continueth a great deale longer But whether it be planted or grafted it must not be much watred for aboundance of water corrupteth the naturall beautie of the figge-tree and maketh them verie subiect to rot It would be a great deale better to make them grow faire and become fruitfull to thrust the plant into a wild Garlick called in Latine Squilla and better in English Sea-Onion or else to steepe it in Brine or to set it round about with Oxe dung or with vnquencht Lime And to keepe and guard them
the Apple-tree will not hold and beare his fruit 〈◊〉 it be ripe compasse the stocke of the Apple-tree a good foot from the roots vpâ—ard about with a ring of a lead before it begin to blossome and when the apples shall begin to grow great then take it away Apples must be gathered when the moone is at the full in faire weather and about the fifteenth of September and that by hand without any pole or pealing downe because otherwise the fruit would be much martred and the young siences broken or bruised and so the Apple-tree by that meanes should be spoyled of his young vvood which would cause the losse of the Tree See more of the manner of gathering of them in the Chapter next following of the Peare-tree and as for the 〈◊〉 of keeping of them it must be in such sort as is deliuered hereafter You shall 〈◊〉 frozen Apples if you dip them in cold water and so restore them to their naturall goodnesse There is a kind of wild Apple called a Choake-apple because they are verie harsh in eating and these will serue well for hogges to eat Of these apples likewise you may make verjuice if you presse them in a Cyder-presse or if you squeese them vnder a verjuice milstone Vinegar is also made after this manner You must cut these Apples into gobbâ—â—â— and leaue them in their peeces for the space of three dayes then afterward cast them into a barrell with sufficient quantitie of raine water or fountaine water and after that stop the vessell and so let it stand thirtie daies without touching of it And then at the terme of those daies you shall draw out vinegar and put into them againe as much water as you haue drawne out vinegar There is likewise made with this sort of Apples a kind of drinke called of the Picardines Piquette and this they vse in steed of Wine Of others sorts of Apples there is likewise drinke made which is called Cyder as we shall declare hereafter An Apple cast into a hogshead full of Wine if it swim it sheweth that the Wine is neat but and if it sinke to the bottome it shewes that there is Water mixt with the Wine Infinit are the sorts and so the names of Apples comming as well of natures owne accord without the helpe of man as of the skill of man not being of the race of the former in euerie one of which there is found some speciall qualitie which others haue not but the best of all the rest is the short shanked apple which is marked with spottings as tasting and smelling more excellently than any of all the other sorts And the smell of it is so excellent as that in the time of the plague there is nothing better to cast vpon the coales and to make sweet perfumes of than the rinde thereof The short stalked Apple hath yet further more one notable qualitie for the kernells being taken out of it and the place filled vp with Frankincense and the hole joyned and fast closed together and so rosâ—ed vnder hot embers as that it burne not bringeth an after medicine or remedie to serue when all other fayle to such as are sicke of a pleurisie they hauing it giuen to eat sweet apples doe much good against melancholicke affects and diseases but especially against the 〈◊〉 for if you roast a sweet apple vnder the ashes and season it with the juice of licoâ—ice starch and sugar and after giue it to eat euening and morning two houres before meat vnto one sicke of the pleurisie you shall helpe him exceedingly CHAP. XXIX Of the Peare-tree BVt the Peare-tree being the most in request and precious next vnto the Apple-tree amongst all the fruit-trees that are is ordered for the most part after the manner of the Apple-tree although the vvood and fruit of the one be more firme than that of the other and that the Peare-tree bring forth his fruit late as not before the end of Autumne vvhen as all the great heat is alreadie past notwithstanding you shall set it in the same ground with the Apple-tree and in the first foure or fiue yeares of his grouth you shall lay it open at the foot a litte before the end of December vncouering it euen vnto the rootâ—â— which you shall shaue and trim with a knife bowed againe and in the end of Iaâ—â—arie you shall couer it againe with his owne earth mingled with good made mould keeping from thence forward his place well weeded the foot verie neat and cleane and the stocke verie well freed from intanglements of boughes so farre as the hand can doe it and throughout verie carefully cleansed from mosse snailes and caterpillers husbanding and ordering the earth at the foot of it euerie two yeares at the beginning of Winter for the fruit which the Peare-tree thus husbanded shall beare will be both more faire and better relished and keepe longer The Peare-tree that is planted in a leane drie chalkie or grauelly ground is but of a starued growth bearing a sharpe small and ordinarily a stonie fruit The kernels are sowne in the Nurcerie as those of the Appletree but the hoped fruit is long in comming and scarce attained throughout the whole life of a man for it is farre longer time in comming to perfection than the Apple-tree It groweth also of a branch well chosen and he that will haue it so grow must plant it in September and October in hot Countries but in cold Countries in Februarie and March and in temperate Countries it may be done in either of the two times as it shall best please him But the Peare-tree that is most sure and likeliest to bring contentment of it selfe is that which is grafted vpon the young plant in the Nurcerie and in such curious sort maintained and ordered as hath beene said as also if it be remoued some three yeares after affoording it a large and deepe roome in a good mouldring earth It may also be grafted in a Peach-tree Quince-tree and Almond-tree but yet better vpon it selfe than vpon anie of these for so it becommeth of a better nature It is knowne by proofe that the Peare-tree grafted vpon a Mulberrie-tree bringeth forth red Peares and if it happen that your Peare-tree bring forth a stonie Peare you must remoue the earth from the foot and powre in vpon the rootes euerie day for the space of fifteene daies the lees of good old wine Peares must not be gathered before the later end of Autumne when the great heat of the yeare is past because their moisture being weake and in small quantitie the Sunne suffereth not that it should come vnto anie good consistence before such time as the ayre begin to turne and change into coldnesse and therefore saith Theophraâ—â—us this is the onely fruit-tree that ripeneth his fruit best and soonest in the shadow Such gathering of Peares also must not be taken in hand but after that the Autumnall blasting and dew
ounce then take three or foure Citrons and cut them in sufficient thicke slices which done infuse all this in a sufficient quantitie of Rose-water for the space of three daies distilling it all afterward in Maries bath at a small fire the distillation done put thereto a scruple of Muske Water of Roses musked Take the buds of Roses and cutting out the white put them into the Stillitorie and in the middest thereof vpon your Roses put a little knot of Muske and so distill them Water of Spike Take Spike before the flower be altogether blowne and taking away all the wood from it lay it on a bed within the Stillitorie afterward lay vpon that bed a bed of Roses almost blowne and thereupon some dozen of Cloues but and if you haue not Spike then you may put Lauander in his place distill it at a moderate fire and with as little ayre as possibly you can giue it And when the distillation shall be as good as finished beâ—prinkle the matter with a little verie good white Wine and so finishing your distillation keepe your water in viols well stopped Damaske water Take two handfuls and a halfe of red Roses Rosemarie flowers Lauander and Spike flowers of each a Pugill of the sprigges of Thyme flowers of Cammomile flowers of small Sage of Penyryall and Marierome of each a handfull infuse them all in white Wine the space of foure and twentie houres then put them into the Stillitorie sprinkling it with verie good white Wine and scatter thereupon this powder following take an ounce and a halfe of well chosen Cloues an ounce of Nutmegs of Beniouin and Styrax calamiâ—a of each two drammes make them in powder The water that shall be distilled must be kept in a vessell verie well stopped There is also made a verie sweet water of cleare Myrrhe if it be new guâ—mie and diuided into small gobbets and set to steepe in the iuice of Roses six times as much in quantitie as the Myrrhe It must be distilled vpon hot ashes at a small fire for and if you should encrease it there would come forth oyle with the water Such water being dropped but onely one drop of it into an hundred of well or foâ—â—taine water maketh it all to smell most sweetly Rose-water sweetened with Muske Take a Glasse-vessell of the fashion of an Vrinall that is to say wide below and straight aboue therein put twelue graines of Muske or more and stop it close with good Parchment setting it in the Sunne for foure or fiue daies then take another vessell of the fashion of the first which you shall fill with Roses dried a verie little and stamped then stop that vessell also with a verie thinne Linnen cloth or with a Strainer afterward put the mouth of the vessell wherein the Roses be into the mouth of the other wherein the Muske is luâ—e them well together and set them in the Sunne in such sort as that the vessell with the Roses may stand aboue that wherein the Muske is and that in some window or such other place where the Sunne shineth verie hot and by this meanes there willâ— water distill downe vpon the Muske which will be good either to be vsed aboue or mingled with some other Otherwise Take twentie graines of Muske 〈◊〉 Cloues Galingall Schaenanthum graines of Paradise Mace and Cinnamome of each an ounce bray them all together and put them into a Stillitorie with a 〈◊〉 and a halfe of Rose-water then let them stand so foure or fiue daies and afterward distill them Water of Oranges Take the pilles of Oranges and Citrons when they are greene of each halfe an ounce of Cloues fiue or sixe of the flowers of Spike or Lauander newly gathered six ounces infuse all together in six pound of Rose-water the space of foure or fiue daies afterward distill them Water of Orange flowers Take flowers of Oranges and distill them in a Glasse-Stillitorie or in an earthen one verie well baked and glased hauing but a small fire you may also put vnto them the flowers of Citrons if you thinke good The water must be kept in Glasse-bottles couered with fiâ—e Mats and well stopped The counterfeit water of Orange flowers Take the buds of red Roses the most double that can be found but take their yellow from them make a bed thereof in the Stillitorie and aboue it another bed of the flowers of Lillies afterward againe another of Roses and then another of the flowers of Lauander and then another bed of Roses againe and betwixt euerie one of these beds cast and sow some bruised Cloues and in the middest of all make a little pit in which you shall put certaine graines of Muske or Ciuet or Ambergreece or some sort of perfume afterward distill them all at a little fire Reserue the water in little bottles couered with fine Mats and well stopped A sweet smelling water Take Marierome Thyme Lauander Rosemarie small Penyryall red Roses flowers of Violets Gilloflowers Sauorie and pilles of Oranges steepe them all in white Wine so much as will swimme aboue the said hearbeâ—â— afterward distill them in a Stillitorie twice or thrice keepe the water in bottles well stopped and the drosse or residence to make perfumes CHAP. LXXI The fashion of distilling water for Fukes NOw albeit that a good Farmers wife must not be too bufie with Fukes and such things as are for the decking and painting of the bodie because her care must wholly be imployed in the keeping and encrease of her household-stuffe notwithstanding I would not haue her ignorant of the manner of distilling of waters for Fukes not that shee should make vse of them for her selfe but that shee may make some profit and benefit by the sale thereof vnto great Lords and Ladies and other persons that may attend to be curious and paint vp themselues Now all such waters in generall serue for three purposes The one is to smooth and keepe neat the skinne as well of the face as of the other parts of the bodie The other is to colour the haire of the head and beard and the third to make white the teeth Some of these are simple as the water of the flowers of Beanes of Strawberries the water of the Vine of Goats milke of Asses milke of whites of egges of the flowers of Lillies of Dragons and of Calues feet others are compounded of maine ingredients as you shall know by the briefe collection that wee shall make of them Water of Strawberries Take ripe Strawberries set them to putrifie some certaine time in an earthen vessell putting thereto a little salt or sugar and afterward distill them This water will cleaâ—se away the spots of the face and the spots of the eies caused either of hot or cold humours it will be more effectuall if you infuse the Strawberries in Aqua-vitae before that you doe distill them Water of Beane-flowers Take the flowers of
light for the hand of him that shall vse it and also strong ynough to endure the stresse or labour it shall be put vnto also it must be gentle and soft to cut all which the Ash is more than any other tree whatsoeuer There are three sorts of Elmes The one is of those vvhich haue a small little leafe and a blacke stalke The second hath a large leafe and a reasonable vvhite stalke The third of them hath a verie large leafe and the stalke as it vvere all vvhite Those vvhich are to be chosen for planting are those two later for they are of greater growth and are vvoont to prosper better besides that they are fairer and put foorth moe boughes making thereby a greater shadow Of these three sorts there are both males and females vvee call those females vvhich beare most fruit and the thicker seede and the males vvee call those vvhich are lesser and beare their fruit of seede in the middest of the leaues and that in such sort as that they seeme to beare neyther fruit nor seede And for this cause there are manie that vvrite of Husbandrie affirming the said tree to beare no fruit or seede and that it groweth either of a plant or shoot And of this opinion vvas Tremâ—lius Notwithstanding it is certaine that euerie leafe beareth his fruit contained within the middest thereof and thereof vvill Elmes grow being sowne in due time And of this opinion is Columella and experience it selfe doth shew the same hee making two differing sorts of Elmes calling the one sort the fairest and tallest Elmes of Fraunce and the other sort Italian Elmes And as concerning those fairest Elmes if they be to be found they must be planted because they grow vp the sooner that way and put forth much larger boughes Theophrastus and some other vvriters doe make them lesse differing according to the countrey wherein they grow I haue beene the more willing to describe them according to their kind of leafe and vvood that you may the more easily know them I would haue you to looke backe into the fourth booke and there you shall find their natures and vertues more at large described The soiles in which they most of all delight is a verie stiffe clay and the principall vse of them ouer and aboue the making of Bow-staues formerly mentioned is the making of naues for vvaggons or cart-vvheeles for vvhich they are more excellent than any other vvood vvhatsoeuer and the more knottie and twound they are a great deale the â—itter they are for that purpose so that as the cleane growne smooth and euen Elme serues for other purposes so the knottie vneuen and most crooked Elme will serue for this Amongst these sorts of trees wee may place the Maple-trees called of the Latines Acâ—res because in their nature they somewhat resemble the Elme They craue the like ground namely a fat and moist ground they grow as the Elmes doe in all arable grounds they put forth in a short time great branches and but little greenenesâ—e This tree hath a verie white bodie beareth small leaues like the leaues of three-leaued grasse and doth not breed or gather any great store of vermine It naturally groweth shortâ— crooked rugged and beareth seldome any great length of timber yet where it groweth otherwise the timber is verie firme white close and durable It serueth for diners excellent and good purposes as namely it is the best of all other by reason of the wonderfull whitenesse thereof for all manner of inlaid works vvhich Ioyners vse also it is excellent for all manner of Turners vvare as for the making of trenchers dishes bowles sewing kniues and other implements for the Table prouided it be euermore of at least a yeare or more seasoning for if it be wrought greene it will warpe ryue and be indeed for no purpose Many vse to season it in a drie house but then it asketh a longer time and the sappe will be much longer in consuming but the best way is to let it lye abroad all the first Winter and take all wet which falls for that will driue the naturall wet of the sappe soonest out of it and then house it the Summer following and then after you may safely worke it at your pleasure The Ash is contrarily inclined for thereon breedeth oftentimes such aboundance of vermine as that thereby all their leaues are eaten and bored verie full of little holes Of this sort of Trees as well Elmes as Ashes and Maples the best are those vvhich grow the soonest and spread out the largest boughes in a short time As concerning the properties of these three kinds of Trees wee haue spoken in the third booke in the Chapter of Balmes how there is made a singular balme of the little fruit that is found inclosed in the leaues of one of the sorts of Elmes Furthermore the vvater vvhich is found inclosed in this little fruit maketh the face neat and shining if it be vvashed therewith againe double linnen clothes being vvet in this iuice or vvater and applyed vnto children vvhich are bursten becommeth a singular remedie for them The same iuice also put into a glasse-bottle and buried in the earth or dung for the space of fiue and twentie daies being well stopped and hauing the boâ—tome set vpon a heape of salt proueth singular good to cure greene vvounds if they be dressed vvith tents steeped in the said iuice The Maple-tree in this countrey amongst other things is had in request because of the boughes thereof there are made Bowes and that because they are stiffe and hard to bend The Ash-tree hath a singular vertue against the venime of Serpents for it is such an enemie and so contrarie vnto them as that they dare not draw neere or approach vnto the shadow thereof and againe as hath beene proued of many if you make as it were a circle of the leaues or boughes of the Ash-tree and put within the same a Serpent by the one side thereof and a burning fire on the other side the Adder will rather aduenture to passe through the fire than ouer the Ash-tree leaues For this cause Nature as one carefull of the good of mankind hath prouided that the Ash should flourish before that Adders and Vipers doe vse to come out of their holes in the Spring time as also that it should not fall his leaues in Autumne till they haue taken vp their Winter resting place Wherefore if it happen that any Horse Cow or other beasts of the Farmers should be bitten by some serpent or other venimous beasts there cannot be found a more soueraigne remedie than to stampe the tenderest leaues that are to be found vpon the Ash straining out the iuice to giue it the beast to drink and afterward to lay vpon the grieued part the drâ—sse of the stamped leaues this is likewise a good remedie for men that are bitten of any Adder or Viper The decoction of
the rinde of the Ash-tree taken is singular good to open the obstructions of the Spleene and to draw out great store of water from such as haue the Dropsie as also to make fat folks leane Also the keyes of the Ash or that which is the seed thereof is of most singular vse amongst Painters and being ground maketh him diuers pretie and most vsefull colours The Ash is onely an enemie vnto corne and will not suffer any to grow by any meanes within the compasse of the shadow thereof and therefore it should as seldome as might be be planted in corne-fields except you leaue such large space of greeneswarth betwixt it and the corne-lands that no part of the shadow may extend to the same CHAP. XVII Of Chesnut-trees THe Chesnut-tree is a strong and mightie tree much like vnto the Oake It is a fast wood and good to build withall as also to vnderprop Vines and make other workes which are made of Oake It groweth of the seed of the Chesnut which is sowne after the manner of the Acorne and so it groweth and putteth forth his shoots both sooner and more effectually and taketh commonly in all grounds yea euen in the sandie or grauellie grounds but yet it shunneth the grounds that lie open to the pearching heat of the Sun affecting altogether the little hils and mountaines that are cold and lie vpon the North. The seed or fruit thereof called the Chesnut is sometimes spoyled and that after the same manner that the Acorne is as by too much drinesse vvhich maketh it that it cannot bud or blossome or by too great store of vvater putrifying both the Chesnut and Acorne before it can spring out of the earth or else by cattell moules field-mice and such sorts of vermine which eat or wound the Chesnut Acorne within the ground The nature of the young plants of Chesnut-trees and Oakes are much alike and the manner of dressing them also and if you would haue them to put forth store of boughes you must cut them after they haue beene planted three or foure yeares and not before and that in the beginning of the Spring time for so you shall make them put forth twice as much and yet it is not without danger to vse any edge-toole in cutting them for thereby they oftentimes die So then if there put forth any branches or sprigs along the stem in the first second or third yeare you may at the beginning of such their putting forth crop them off and breake them away with your hand whiles they are young and tender and not to take any knife vnto them and then you shall doe best CHAP. XVIII Of the Oake and the differences thereof Hornebeame Beech Linden tree and others YOu shall vnderstand that the oake is a tree bearing most fruit and affoording the most commoditie of any tree in France And for this cause it hath been accustomed to preserue and keepe store of these kinds of trees in old woods and forests as being most necessarie and profitable Some do make three sorts of this kind of tree and of euery sort a male and a female for notwithstanding that the common people call them all by the common name of oke yet the Latins attribute to euery sort his seueral and proper name calling one sort thereof Robur another Quercus and the third Ilex The first of these sorts is a kind of oake which is very thicke and strong hauing a bodie that is very thicke below and full of knots and very mightie hauing great roots and spreading far and wide in the ground and at the top of the bodie or bole which is but short it beareth many and great quantitie of boughes that are also thick spread abroad and long taking great roome and for that cause are planted the one from the other a great distance that so they may haue roome for their boughs to spread The wood growing vpon this sort of okes is fitter to make fire wood of than timber to build withal because it hath but a short bole and riseth not vp to any great height and squarenesse hauing his boughes therewithall crooked and writhen There are many forrests to be seene wherein this kind of oakes doth grow as namely those whose oakes are thicke and short standing far a sunder and yet spreading on a great breadth aboue The other sort of oakes hath both a reasonable thicke and long bodie as namely of the height of foure or fiue good fadomes as also foure or fiue reasonable tail and straight boughes growing thereupon but nor spread forth into any great breadth as neither the bodie is so well couered and shadowed therewith as the former And this sort of oakes is good for beames of houses and great peeces of timber to be put in buildings as also for to saw and cleaâ—e because it is not knottie and hard as the former And of thâ—s sort there are to be seene many forrests planted in France and they are more thicke and closer growne with timber than the others which I am about to speake of because the boughes of these doe rise more straight vp and take not vp so much roome The third sort of oakes hath a small bodie but very straight and growing to the height of seuen or eight fadomes without any boughes and at the top of their said bodies bearing but sâ—al store of boughes and wood in such sort as that all the wood is in the bole seeming to bee onely a nosegay at the top And this kind of wood standeth very neere the foot one of another rising vp equally and alike vnto a great height and greatnesse and the forrests furnished with this kind are very profitable to make all sorts of buildings wheâ—her it be to make the ioyces thereof or any of the other sorts of long and middle timber as those required for for walls or roofes And of this kind of wood there are many forrests in this countrie All these three sorts of wood do beare a great leafe and that euery one like vnto another saue that they are some of them large and great some but indifferent and the third sort small and little Againe they beare some of them acornes that are more long and thicke othersome acornes that are more thicke and short and againe other some of them acornes that are smaller and longer Furthermore there is not any of these three sorts which consisteth not of male and female The female is commonly called that as Theophrastus saith which beareth the most and strongest fruit whereupon it followeth that if those are to bee called the females which do beare most store of fruit wee must needs call those males which beare least fruit When they beare fruit or when they beare none the barren are called the males and the fruitfull the females Theophrastus putteth another difference betwixt those which are fruitlesse but I meane not to write any thing thereof at this present purposing to be