Take Verdigriese ground finely one ounce put to it a good quantity of common varnish and so much oyl of Turpentine as will make it thin enough to work withal it is a good green And Verdigriese Alom of each one Drachm Logwood three Drachms boiled in Vinegar make a good Murry VII Gambogia Dissolve it in fair spring water and it will make a beautiful and transparent yellow if you would have it stronger dissolve some Alom therein it is good for Silk Linnen white Leather Parchment Vellom Paper Quills c. VIII To make Verdigriefe and Ceruse according to Glauber These colours are made with Vinegar in earthen pots set into hot horse dung but if you dissolve your Venus or Saturn with spirit of Nitre and precipitate your Venus with a lye made of Salt of Tartar and your Saturn with Salt water edulcorating and drying them the Venus will yield an excellent Verdigriese which will not corrode other colours as the common Verdigriese doth and the Saturn yields a Ceruse whiter and purer than the ordinary much better for Painting or Chirurgery IX Yellow Fustick benry Boil it in water or sleep them in Alom water it makes a good yellow for the same purpose X. Turnsole Put it into sharp Vinegar over a gentle fire till the Vinegar boil and is coloured then take out the Turnsole and squeeze it into the Vinegar in which dissolve a little gum Arabick it shadows very well on a Carnation or yellow XI Litmos Cut it into small pieces and steep it a day or two in weak gum Lake water and you will have a pure blew water to wash with XII Flory Blew Grind it with Glair of Eggs if then you add a little Rosset it makes a light Violet Blew mixed with White and Red Lead it makes a Crane feather Colour XIII Saffron Steeped in Vinegar and mixed with gum water is a good Yellow CHAP. XXI Of Compounded Colours for Washing ORange Colour Red Lead and Yellow berries make a good Orange Colour or thus take Arnotto half an ounce Pot ashes one Drachm water one pound boil it half away then strain it and use it hot It is good for white leather paper vellom quills parchment c. II. Green Take distilled vinegar filings of Copper digest till the vinegar is blew which let stand in the Sun ora slow fire till it is thick enough and it will be a good green Or thus Take Cedar green which is best of all or instead thereof green Bice steep it in Vinegar and strain it then grind it well with fair water and put to it a little honey and dry it well when you use it mix it with gum water III. To make fine Indico Take the blossoms of Wode three ounces Amylum one ounce grind them with Urine and strong vinegar of which make a Cake then dry it in the Sun and so keep it for use IV. A Blew to wash upon paper Take of the best azure an ounce Kermes two ounces mix them which temper with clear gum water and it will be a glorious Colour V. To make a Venice Blew Take quick lime make it into past with strong vinegar half an hour after put thereto more vinegar to soften it then add Indico in fine powder one ounce mix them and digest it in horse dung for thirty or forty days VI. Another excellent Blew Mix fine white Chalk with juice of elder berries full ripe to which put a little Alom water VII To make blew Smalt Take fluxible sand Sal Nitre and Cobalt mix them together VIII A lively yellow Dissolve orpiment in gum water to which put a little ground Vermilion grind them together and you shall have a very lively colour IX A light green Take Juice of Rew Verdigriese and Saffron grand them well together and use them with gum water Or thus Take sap green flower de bice or tawny green which steep in water Verditure and Ceruse mixe with a little copper green make a good light colour X. Blew Ultramine blew bice smalt and Verditure ground singly with gum water or together make a good blew XI Brown Ceruse red lead English Oker and pink make a good brown XII Spanish Brown To colour any horse dog or the like you must not calcine it yet not calcined it is a dirty colour but to shadow Vermilion or lay upon any dark ground behind a picture to shade berries in the darkest places or to colour wooden posts wainscot bodies of trees and the like it is very good being burnt XIII Flesh colour Mix white Indian lake and red lead according as you would have it light or deep and to distinguish a mans flesh from a womans mingle with it a little Oker XIV Colours of Stones Verdigriese with Varnish makes an Emerald with Florence lake a Ruby with Ultramanine a Saphyr XV. A never fading green Take juice of flowers of Flowerdeluce put it into Gum water and dry it in the Sun CHAP. XXII Of mixing Colours and shadowing I. IN mixing be careful not to make the colour too sad nor take the pencils out of one colour and put them into another II. In mixing colours stir them well about the water severally till they are well mixed then put them together making the colour sadder or lighter at pleasure III. Green is shadowed with Indico and yellow berries IV. Blew is shadowed with Indico Litmose and flory or any of them being steeped in lees of Soap ashes and used with gum water V. Garments are shadowed with their own proper colours or you may mingle the colour with white for the light and shadow it with the same colour unmingled or you may take the thinnest of the colour for the light and shadow with the thickest or bottom of the same VI. Sap green is only used to shadow other greens with and not to be laid for a ground in any garment VII Lake ought not to be shaded with any colour for it is a dark red but for variety you may shadow it with Bice or blew Verditure which will make it like changeable Taffata VIII The shadow for Yellow Berries is Umber but for beauties sake with red Lead and the darkest touches with Spanish brown and for variety with Copper green blew Bice or Verditure IX White sets off blews and blacks very well Red sets off well with yellows Yellow with reds sad blews browns greens and purples X. Blew sets off well with yellows reds whites browns and blacks and Green sets off well with purples and reds CHAP. XXIII Of Colours for Landskips I. GReen mixed with white pink bice masticot smalt indico or ceruse or blew verditure mixt with a few yellow berries makes a good green for Landskips II. For the saddest hills use umber burnt for the lightest places put yellow to the burnt umber for other hills lay copper green thickened on the fire or in the Sun for the next hills further off mix yellow berries with copper green let the fourth part be done with
encreased so the purple colour shall be either lighter or deeper XIV A few Grains of Cochenele being mixed with the Lixivium of Quicklime in a due proportion makes a fading purple colour of the greatest glory imaginable in the world XV. The juice of privet berries with spirit of salt is turned into a lovely red but with a strong solution of pot ashes into a delightful green XVI Upon things red by nature as syrup of Clove-gilliflowers juice of Buckthorn berries infusion of red roses Brazil c. Spirit of Salt makes no considerable change but rather a lighter red but other salts turn them into a greenish especially juice of buckthorn berries XVII Juice of Jasmin and snow drops by a strong alcalizate solution was although of no colour turned into a deep greenish yellow XVIII Buckthorn berries being gathered green and dried are called sap-berries which being infused in Alom water gives a fair yellow which is used by Book-binders for the edges of their books and to colour leather also being gathered when they are black they are called sap green and make a green colour being put into a brass or copper vessel for three or four days or a little heated upon the fire and mixed with Alom in powder and pressed forth so put into bladders hanging it up till it is dry And being gathered about the end of November when they are ready to drop they yield a purplish colour XIX Tincture of Cochenele diluted never so much with fair water will never yield a yellow colour a single drop of a deep solution in spirit of Urine diluted in an ounce of fair water makes a fair pink or carnation XX. Oyl or spirit of Turpentine digested with pure white Sugar of lead yields in a short time a high red tincture which Chymists call Balsamum Saturni XXI Spirit of Salt dropt into a strong infusion of Cochenele or juice of black cherries makes immediately a fair red but dropt into the Infusion of Brazil a kind of yellow so the filtrated tincture of Balaustins mixed with good spirit of Urine or the like turns of a darkish green but with spirit of salt a high redness like rich Claret wine which glorious colour may in a moment be destroyed and turned into a dirty green by spirit of Urine XXII A high Infusion of Lignum Nephriticum mixed with spirit of Urine gives so deep a blew as to make the liquor opacous which after a day or two vanishes and leaves the liquor of a bright amber colour Where note that instead of Spirit of Vrine you may use oyl of Tartar or a strong solution of pot ashes XXIII Infusion of Logwood in fair water mixt with spirit of Sal Armoniack straight turns into a deep rich lovely purple two or three drops to a spoonsul is enough lest the colour be so deep as to be opacous XXIV Spirit of Sal Armoniack will turn syrup of Violets to a lovely green XXV Infusion of Litmoss in fair water gives in a clear glass a purple colour but by addition of spirit of Salt it will be wholly changed into a glorious yellow XXVI The Infusions and juices of several plants will be much altered by a solution of Lead in spirit of Vinegar it will turn infusion of red rose leaves into a sad green XXVII So Tincture of red roses in fair water would be turned into a thick green with the solution of Minium in spirit of Vinegar and then with the addition of oyl of Vitriol the resolved Lead would precipitate white leaving the liquor of a clear high red colour again XXVIII We have not yet found that to exhibit strong variety of colours there need be imployed any more than these five White Black Red Blew Yellow for these being variously compounded and decompounded exhibit a variety and number of colours such as those who are strangers to painting can hardly imagine XXIX So Black and White variously mixed make a vast company of light and deep Grays Blew and Yellow many Greens Red and Yellow Orange-tawnies Red and White Carnations Red and Blew Purples c. producing many colours for which we want names XXX Acid salts destroy a blew Colour Sulphurous Urinous or fixed restore it XXXI Acid and Alcalizate salts with many bodies that abound with Sulphureous or oyly parts will produce a red as is manifest in the Tincture of Sulphur made with Lixioiums of Calcined Tartar or pot ashes XXXII Lastly it may be worth tryal since it hath succeeded in some experiments so to take away the colour of a Liquor as that it may be colourless which in what we have tryed was thus first by putting into the Tincture Liquor or juice a quantity of the solution of pot ashes or oyl of Tartar per deliquium and then affusing a good or strong solution of Alom which in our observations precipitated the tinging matter or gathered it into one body like as it were curds and so left the Liquor transparent and clear as Crystal CHAP. XXII General Experimental observations of Mineral Colours I. SVblimate dissolved in fair water and mixed with a little spirit of Urine makes a milk white mixture in a moment which by addition of Aqua Fortis immediately again becomes transparent II. If Sublimate two ounces and Tin-glass one ounce be sublimed together you will have a sublimate not inferiour to the best orient Pearls in the world III. Silver dissolved in Aqua fortis and evaporated to dryness and fair water poured two or three times thereon and evaporated till the calx is dry leaves it of a Snow whiteness which rubbed upon the skin wetted with spittle water or the like produces a deep blackness not to be obliterated in some days With this Ivory hair and horns may be dyed in fair water of a lasting black IV. Coral dissolved by oyl of vitriol Sulphur or spirit of Vinegar and precipitated by oyl of Tartar yields a Snow whiteness The same of crude Lead and Quicksilver dissolved in Aqua Fortis So butter of Antimony rectified by bare affusion in much fair water will though Unctuous be precipitated into the Snâ—w white powder which being washed from its corrosive salts is called Mercurius Vitae the like of which may be made without the addition of any Mercury at all V. Mercury Sublimate and precipitate yields with the spirit of Urine Harts horn or the like a white precipitate but with the solution of Pot ashes or other Lixiviate salts an Orange tawny And if on a filtrated solution of Vitriol you put the solution of a fixed salt there will subside a copious substance far from whiteness which Chymists call the Sulphur of Vitriol VI. If Copper two ounces be mixed with Tin one ounce the reddishness will vanish and if Arsenick calcined with Nitre in a just proportion be mixed with melted Copper it will be blanched both within and without VII Fine powders of blew Bice and yellow Orpiment slightly mixed give a good green and a high yellow solution of
an hour in sharp vinegar then add a little Sal Armoniack and digest all together for ten or twelve days then boil all together in a luted crucible till it is red hot and by degrees crack lastly hang the Mercury in a pot with brimstone at bottom to cover it lute it and set it into the fire that it may grow hot by degrees and receive the fume of the Sulphur do thus for a month once a day and the Mercury will run and be hammered V. Another way of tinging Mercury Take purified Mercury one ounce Sulphur two ounces Aqua fortis three ounces let them all stand till the water grow clear distill this with its sediment and at bottom of the Limbeck you shall find the Mercury hard and of an exact colour VI. To colour and soften Gold Dissolve Verdigriese in Vinegar and strain it through a felt then congeal and when it begins to wax thick put to it some Sal armoniack and let it harden a good while then melt gold with it and it will heighten the colour and make it soft VII To make Gold and Silver softer Take Mercury Sublimate Sal armoniack of each alike powder them melt the gold and put to it a little of this powder and it will be soft VIII Another way to do the same Take Vitriol Verdet Sal Armoniack burnt brass of each half an ounce mix them with Aqua fortis let it so repose in the heat two days then let it harden do thus three times with Aqua fortis and let it dry make it into powder to one dram put one ounce of gold three times and it will be softer IX Another way to do the same in silver Take Salt-peter Tartar Salt Verdet boil all together till the water is consumed then put to it Urine and let it so consume and you shall have an oyl which put into melted silver will do the same Or thus Take as many wedges as you have melted put them one night into a crucible in a furnace but so as they melt not and they will be soft and fair Or thus Take honey oyl of each alike in which quench the Gold or Silver three or four times and it will be softer Or thus Take Mastich Frankincense Myrrh Borax Vernix of each alike all in powder Or thus Quench the Gold or silver in water of Sal armoniack and it will be soft X. To tinge silver of a golden colour Take fine gold fine silver good brass and brass or copper calcin'd with Sulphur vive of each alike melt them down together and it shall appear to be gold of eighteen carets fine XI Another way to tinge silver Take Quick-silver purged three ounces leaf gold one ounce mix them and put them into a glass Retort well luted put it on the fire till it grow hot then take it off and add to it Quick-silver purged two ounces Sal Armoniack one ounce Sal Ellebrot half an ounce Borax two drachms then seal up the glass hermetically and put it into a continuual fire for three days then take it out let it cool open the retort take out the matter and powder it very fine of which powder mix one ounce with silver five ounces and it will tinge it into a good gold colour Note Sal Ellebrot is thus made Take pure common Salt Sal Gem Sal alcaly in powder of each one ounce juice of mints four ounces spring water four pound mingle them and evaporate And Quick-silver is purged by washing it in sharp vinegar three or four times and straining it or by subliming it which is better XII To bring silver into a calx This is done by amalgamating of it with Quick-silver and then subliming of it or by dissolving it in Aqua fortis and precipitating it with the solution of salt in fair water and then washing it with warm water often to free it from the salts or else by mingling the fillings with sublimed Mercury and in a retort causing the Mercury to ascend which will leave at bottom the Calx of silver fit for jewels c. XIII To blanch Silver Take Salarmoniack Roch alom Alom plumosum Sal gem Argal Roman Vitriol of each alike powder and mix them and dissolve them in fair water in which boil the silver so long till you see it wonderful white XIV To colour silver of a Gold colour Take Salt-peter two pound Roch Alom five pound mingle and distil them keeping the water for use When you use it melt the Silver and quench it in the said water XV. To tinge Brass of a Gold Colour Dissolve burnt brass in Aqua fortis made of Vitriol Salt-peter Alom Verdigriese and Vermilion and then reduce it again and it will be much of a gold colour XVI To make Brass through white Heat Brass red hot and quench it in water distilled from Sal Armoniack and Egg-shells ground together and it will be very white XVII To make Brass white otherwise Take egg-shells and calcine them in a crucible and temper them with the whites of eggs let it stand so three weeks heat the brass red hot and put this upon it XVIII To make Brass Take Copper three pounds Lapis Calaminaris one pound in powder melt them together the space of an hour then put it out XIX The way to colour Brass white Dissolve a peny weight of Silver in Aqua fortis putting it to the fire in a vessel till the Silver turn to water to which add as much powder of white Tartar as may drink up all the water make it into Balls with which rub any Brass and it will be white as silver XX. To tinge Copper of a gold Colour Take Copper Lapis Calaminaris of each four drachms Tutty two drachms heat the Copper red hot twice quenching it in piss doing the like by the Lapis and Tutty take of the dissolved Copper half an ounce adding to it Honey one ounce boil them till the Honey look black and is dry that it may be powdered which then beat with the Lapis and Tutty boil them again till the Copper is melted and it is done XXI Another way to make Copper of a gold Colour Take the Gall of a Goat Arsnick of each a sufficient quantity and distil them then the Copper being bright being washed in this water will turn into the Colour of gold XXII Another way to do the same Melt Coppper to which put a little Zink in filings and the Copper will have a glorious golden colour XXIII To make Copper of a white colour Take Sublimate Sal Armoniack of each alike boil them in Vinegar in which quench the Copper being made red hot and it will be like Silver XXIV Another way to whiten Copper Heat it red hot divers times and quench it in oyl of Tartar per deliquium and it will be white XXV Another way to whiten Copper Take Arsnick three ounces Mercury Sublimate two ounces Azure one ounce mix them with good and pure grease like an ointment
in a day and night it will be done XII An Artificial Amethyst Take Crystal one pound Manganess one drachm mix and melt them Or thus Take Sal Alkaly three ounces powder of Crystal four ounces filings of Brass half an ounce melt all in a strong fire XIII An Artificial Jacynth Put Lead into a strong crucible and set it into a furnace let it stand there about six weeks till it is like glass and it will have the natural colour of a Jacynth not easily to be discerned XIV An Artificial Chrysolite Mix with melted Crystal a sixth part of scales of Iron letting it stand in a vehement fire for three days Or thus to the mixture of the Topaze add a little Copper XV. An Artificial Topaze To Crystal one pound add Crocus Martis two Drachms Red Lead three ounces first putting in the Lead then the Crocus XVI Artificial Corals Take the scrapings of Goats horns beat them together and infuse them in a strong Lixivium made of Sal fraxini for five days then take it out and mingle it with Cinnaber dissolved in water set it to a gentle fire that it may grow thick make it into what form you please dry and polish it Or thus Take Minii one ounce Vermilion ground fine half an ounce Quick-lime and powder of Calcined flints of each six ounces a Lixivium of Quick-lime and Wine enough to make it thick add a little Salt then make it into what form you please and boil it in Linseed oyl XVII An Artificial Emerald Take Brass three days Calcined in powder which put again into the furnace with oyl and a weaker fire let it stay there four days adding a double quantity of fine sand or powder of Crystal after it is something hard keep it at a more gentle fire for twelve hours and it will be a lovely pleasant and glorious green Or thus Take fine Crystal two ounces and an half Sal Alkali two ounces flas aeris infused in Vinegar and strained one ounce Sal Tartari one ounce and half mix and lute them into a crucible and put all into a glass-makers furnace for twenty four hours and it will be glorious indeed Or thus Take Crystal ten ounces Crocus Martis and Brass twice calcined of each one pound mix and melt them stirring them well with an Iron Rod. XVIII An Artificial Sapbyre To melt Crystal put a little Zaphora two Drachms to a pound of Crystal then stir it continually from top to bottom with an Iron hook till it is well mixed keep it in the furnace three days and it is done yet when it is well coloured unless it be presently removed from the fire it will lose its tincture again XIX Artificial Amber Boil Turpentine in an earthen pot with a little cotton some add a little oyl stirring it till it is as thick as paste then put it into what you will and set it in the Sun eight days and it will be clear and hard of which you may make beads hasts for knives and the like XX. Another way to counterfeit Amber Take sixteen yolks of Eggs beat them well with a spoon Gum Arabick two ounces Cherry-tree Gum an ounce make the Gums into powder and mix them well with the yolks of Eggs let the Gums melt well and put them into a pot well leaded then set them six days in the Sun and they will be hard and shine like glass and when you rub them they will take up a wheat straw as other Amber doth XXI To make yellow Amber soft Put yellow Amber into hot melted wax well scum'd and it will be soft so that you may make things thereof in what form and fashion you please XXII Another Artificial Amber Take whites of eggs well beaten put them into a vessel with strong white wine Vinegar stop it close let it fland fourteen days then dry it in the shade and it will be like to Amber XXXIII Another Artificial Amber Break whites of eggs with a spunge take off the froth to the rest put Saffron put all into a glass close stopped or into a Copper or brazen vessel let it boil in a kettle of water till it be hard then take it out and shape it to your liking lay it in the Sun and anoint it often with Linseed oyl mixed with a little Saffron or else being taken out of the Kettle boil it in Linseed-oyl XXIV To make white Enamel Take Calx of Lead two ounces Calx of Tin four ounces make it into a body with Crystal twelve ounces role it into round balls and set it on a gentle fire for a night stirring it about with an Iron rod till it is melted and it is done XXV The general preparations and proportions of Mineral Colours Plates of Copper must be made red hot then quenched in cold water of which five or six grains mixed with Crystal and Sal Tartari of each half an ounce and melted will colour a Sea-green Iron must be made into a Crocus in a reverberatory fire of which eight or ten grains will tinge the said ounce of mixture into a yellow or hyacinth colour Silver is to be dissolved in Aqua fortis and precipitated with oyl of flints then dulcifyed with water and dryed of this five or six grains to an ounce gives a mixed colour Gold must be dissolved in Aqua Regis and precipitated with liquor of flints then sweetned and dryed of which five or six grains to one ounce gives a glorious Sapherine colour Gold melted with Regulus Martis nitrosus five or six grains to one ounce gives an incomparable Rubine colour Magnesia in powder only ten or twelve grains to one ounce makes an Amethyst Colour Granata in powder only ten or fifteen grains to one ounce will tinge the mass into a glorious Smaragdine Colour not unlike to the natural XXVI Lastly Common Copper makes a Sea-green Copper of Iron a Grass-green Granats a Smaragdine Iron Yellow or Hyacinth Silver White yellow green and granat Gold a fair skie colour Wismut a common Blew Magnesia an Amethyst colour Copper and Silver an Amethyst colour Copper and Iron a pale green Wismut and Magnesia a purple colour Silver and Magnesia an Opal and the like XXVII To make Azure Take Sal armoniack three ounces Verdigriefe six ounces make them into powder and put them into a glass with water of Tartar so that it may be somewhat thick stop the glass and digest in Sand in Horse-dung for eight or ten days and it will be good azure XXVIII Another way to make good beyond-sea Azure Beat common azure with Vinegar and anoint therewith thin plates of Silver and put the same over a vessel full of Urine which set over hot ashes and coals moving and stirring it till it looks like good azure CHAP. XXXIII The Ways and Manner of Gilding I. To lay Gold on any thing Take red Lead ground fine temper it with Linseed oyl write with it and lay Leaf gold on it let it dry then polish
of some thickness with it and it will be waved like Marble dry it in the Sun II. To write golden letters on Paper or Parchment This may be done by the ninth tenth and twelvth Sections of the three and thirtieth Chapter of this Book or write with Vermilion ground with Gum Armoniack ground with glair of Eggs and it will be like gold III. To take out blots or make black Letters vanish in Paper or Parchment This may be done with Alom water or with Aqua fortis mixed with common water IV. To make Silver letters in Paper or Parchment Take Tin one ounce Quick-silver two ounces mix and melt them and grind them with Gum water V. To write with green Ink. Take Verdigriese Litharge Quick-silver of each a sufficient quantity grind and mingle them with Urine and it will be a glorious green like an Emerald to write or paint with Or thus Grind juice of Rue and Verdigriese with a little Saffron together and when you would write with it mix it with Gum water Or thus Dissolve Verdigriese in Vinegar strain it then grind it with common water and a little honey dry it then grind it again with gum water and it is done VI. To write on Paper or Parchment with blew Ink. Grind blew with honey then temper it with Glair of Eggs or gum water made of Isinglass VII To Dye Skins Blew Take berries of Elder or Dwarf-elder first boil them then smear and wash the Skins therewith and wring them forth then boil the berries as before in the dissolution of Alom water and wet the Skins in the same water once or twice dry them and they will be very Blew VIII To dye Skins into a reddish Colour First wash the Skin in water and wring it well then wet it with the solution of Tartar and Bay salt in fair water and wring it again to the former dissolution add ashes of Crab shells and rub the Skin very well therewith then wash with common water and wring them out then wash them with tincture of Madder in the solution of Tartar Alom and the aforesaid Ashes and after if not red enough with the Tincture of Brazil IX Another way to Dye them red Wash the Skins and lay them in galls for two hours wring them out and dip them into a colour made with Ligustrum Alom and Verdigriese in water Lastly twice dye them with Brazil boiled with lye X. Another way to Dye them Blew Take the best Indico and steep it in Urine a day then boil it with Alom and it will be good Or temper the Indice with red Wine and wash the Skins therewith XI To dye Skins Purple Take Roch Alom dissolve it in warm water wet the Skins therewith drying them again then take rasped Brazil boil it in water well then let it cool do thus thrice this done rub the dye over the skins with your hand which being drye polish XII To dye Skins of a sad green Take the filings of Iron and Sal armoniack of each steep them in Urine till they be soft with which besmear the skin being stretched out drying it in the shade the colour will penetrate and be green on both sides XIII To dye Skins of a pure sky colour For each skin take Indico an ounce put it into boiling water let it stand one night then warm it a little and with a brush pencil besmear the skin twice over XIV To dye skins of a pure yellow Take fine Aloes one ounce Linseed oyl two pound dissolve or melt them then strain it besmearing the skins therewith being dry varnish them over XV. To dye Skins green Take Sap green Alom water of each a sufficient quantity mix and boil them a little If you would have the colour darker add a little Indico XVI To dye Skins Yellow Infuse Woold in Vinegar in which boil a little Alom Or thus having dyed them Green by the fifteenth Section dip them in decoction of Privit berries and Saffron and Alom water XVII To dye them of an Orange Colour Boil Fustick berries in Alom water but for a deep Orange use Turmerick root XVIII A Liquor to gild Skins Metals or Glass Take Linseed Oyl three pound boil it in a glazed vessel till it burns a feather being put into it then put to it Pitch Rozin dry Varnish or Gum Sandrach of each eight ounces Aloes Hepatica four ounces put all in powder into the oyl and stir them with a stick the fire being a little encreased if the Liquor is too clear or bright you may add ounce or two more of Aloes Socratine and diminish the Varnish so the Liquor will be darker and more like Gold Being boiled take it and strain it and keep it in a Glass for use which use with a pencil CHAP. XXXV Of Wood Horns and Bones I. TO Dye Elder Box Mulberry-tree Pear-tree Nut-tree of the colour of Ebony Steep the wood in Alom water three or four days then boil it in Common Oyl with a little Roman Vitriol and Sulphur Where note the longer you boil the wood the blacker it will be but too long makes them brittle II. To Dye Bones green Boil the Bones in Alom water then take them out dry them and scrape them then boil them in Lime water with a little Verdigriese III. To Dye Wood like Ebony according to Glauber Distil an Aqua fortis of Salt-peter and Vitriol IV. To make Horns black Vitriol dissolved in Vinegar and spirit of Wine will make Horns black so the Snow white Calx of Silver in fair water V. To make Bones white They are strangely made white by boiling with water and Lime continually scumming of it VI. To dye Bones green Take white Wine-vinegar a quart filings of Copper Verdigriese of each three ounces Rue bruised one handful mix them and put the Bones therein for fifteen days VII To Dye Wood Horn or Bones red First boil them in Alom water then put them into tincture of Brazil in Alom water for two or three weeks or into Tincture of Brazil in Milk VIII To Dye them Blew Having first boiled themâ— in Alom water then put them into the Dissolution of Indico in Urine To Dye them Green like Emeralds Take Aqua fortis and put as much filings of Copper into it as it will dissolve then put the Wood Horns or Bones therein for a night X. To Dye Bristles and Feathers Boil them in Alom water and after while they are warm put them into Tincture of Saffron if you would have them yellow or juice of Elder berries if blew or in Tincture of Verdigriese if green XI To Dye an Azure Colour Take Roch Alom filings of Brass of each two ounces Fish glew half an ounce Vinegar or Fair water a pint boil it to the Consumption of the half XII To soften Ivory and Bones Lay them twelve hours in Aqua fortis then three days in the juice of Beets and they will be tender and you may make of them what you will To
barden them again lay them in strong White-wine Vinegar XIII To make Horns soft Take Urine a Month old Quick-lime one pound calcined Tartar half a pound Tartar crude Salt of each four ounces mix and boil all together then strain it twice or thrice in which put the horns for eight days and they will be soft XIV Another way to make them soft Take ashes of which glass is made Quick-lime of each a pound water a sufficient quantity boil them till one third part is consumed then put a feather into it if the feather peel it is sodden enough if not boil it longer then clarify it and put it out into which put filings of Horn for two days anoint your hand with oyl and work the horns as it were paste then make it into what fashion you please XV. Another way to soften Horns Take juices of Marubium Alexanders Yarrow Celandine and Radish roots with strong Vinegar mix them into which put Horns and digest seven days in horse-dung then work them as before XVI To cast Horns in a mould like as Lead Make a Lixivium of Calcined Tartar and Quick-lime into which put filings or scrapings of Horn boil them well together and they will be as it were pap tinge it of the colour you would have it and then you may cast it in a mould and make thereof what fashioned things you please XVII To make Ivory white If Ivory be yellow spotted or coloured lay it in Quick-lime pour a little water over it letting it lye twenty four hours and it will be fair and white CHAP. XXXVI Of Dying Yarn Linnen Cloth and the like I. TO Dye a sad Brown First infuse the matter to be dyed in a strong tincture of Hermodacts then in a bag put Saffron and ashes stratum super stratum upon which put water two parts mixed with Vinegar one part strain the water and Vinegar through hot fifteen or sixteen times in this Lixiviate Tincture of Saffron put what you would dye letting it lie a night then take it out and hang it up to dry without wringing which do in like manner the second and third times II. To Dye a Blew Colour Take Ebulus berries ripe and well dried steep them in Vinegar twelve hours then with your hands rub them and strain through a linnen cloth putting thereto some bruised Verditer and Alom Note if the Blew is to be clear put more Verditer to it III. Another excellent Blew Dye Take Copper scales one ounce Vinegar three ounces Salt one Drachm put all into a Copper vessel and when you would dye put the said matter into the tincture of Brazil IV. Another excellent Blew Dye Take calcined Tartar three pugils unslak'd Lime one pugil make a Lixivium and filtrate it to twelve or fifteen quarts of the same water put Flanders blew one pound and mix them well set it to the fire till you can scarcely endure your hand in it then first boil what you would dye in Alom water then dry it afterwards dip it in hot Lye twice or thrice then put it into the Dye V. A good red Dye Take Brazil in powder fine Vermilion of each half an ounce boil them in Rain water with Alom one drachm boil it till it is half consumed VI. Another excellent good Red Dye Take of the Lixivium of unslak'd Lime one pint Brazil in powder one ounce boil to the half then put to it Alom half an ounce keep it warm but not to boil then dip what you would dye first in a Lixivium of Red wine Tartar let it dry then put it into the Dye VII Another very good Red. Take Rosset with gum Arabick boil them a quarter of an hour strain it then first boil what you would dye in Alom water two hours after put it into the Dye VIII To make a fair Russet Dye Take two quarts of water Brazil one ounce boil it to a quart put to it a sufficient quantity of Granie and two drachms of Gum Arabick IX A good Purple Colour Take Myrtle berries two pound Alom calcined Brass of each one ounce water two quarts mix them in a Brass kettle and boil half an hour then strain it X. A Yellow Colour Take berries of purging Thorn gathered about Lammas day bruise them adding a little Alom in powder then keep all in a Brass vessel XI Another good Yellow Put Alom in powder to the Tincture of Saffron in Vinegar XII A very good Green Colour Take Sap green bruise it put water to it then add a little Alom mix and infuse for two or three days XIII To take out Spots Wash the spots with oyl of Tartar per Deliquium two or three times and they will vanish then wash with water Spirit of Wine to wash with is excellent in this case If they be Ink spots juice of Lemmons or Spirit of Salt is incomparable washing often and drying it so also Castle Soap and Vinegar CHAP. XXXVII Of the Dying of Stuffs Cloaths and Silks I. TO make a substantial blew Dye Take Woad one pound and mix it with four pound of boiling water Infuse it twenty four hours then die with it all white colours II. To make a firm black Dye First Wad it with the former Blew then take of Galls one pound water sixty pound Vitriol three pounds first boil the Galls and water with the Stuff or Cloath two hours then put in the Coperas at a cooler heat for one hour then take out the Cloath or Stuff and cool it and put it in for another hour boiling it Lastly take it out again cool it and put in once more III. To make an excellent Yellow Dye Take liquor or decoction of Wheat-bran being very clear sixty pound in which dissolve three pound of Alom then boil the stuff or cloath in it for two hours after which take Wold two pounds and boil it till you see the colour good IV. To make a very good Green Dye First Dye the Cloth or Stuff Yellow by the third Section then put it into the Blew Dye in the first Section of this Chapter V. To make a pure clear Red Dye Take Liquor or Infusion of Wheat-bran being strained and made very clear sixty pounds Alom two pounds Tartar one pound mix and dissolve them with which boil the Stuff or Cloath for two hours take it then out and boil it in fresh Wheat-bran liquor sixty pounds to which put Madder three pounds perfect the colour at a moderate heat without boiling VI. To make a very pleasant Purple Dye First Dye it Blew by the first rule of this Chapter then boil it in the former Red at the fifth rule hereof Lastly finish it with a decoction of Brazil VII To Dye Crimson in Grain First boil it in the Red at the fifth rule of this Chapter then finish it in a strong tincture of Cochenele made in the Wheat-bran Liquor aforefaid VIII To make a Bow-dye or Scarlet Colour Take water an hundred pounds Cremor Tartari and Aqua
the hair and it will make it grow long and soft use it often VIII To preserve the hair from splitting at ends Anoint the ends thereof with oil Omphacine or oil of Myrtles they are eminent in this case to preserve the hair from splitting so also an ointment made of Honey Bees wax and oil Omphacine or Bears griese CHAP. XLI Of the Art of Perfuming in general I. IN this Art two things are to be considered viz. 1. The way and manner of making of Perfumes 2. The way and manner of Perfuming II. The Perfume it self is considered 1. In respect of its Form 2. In respect of its Composition III. The Form of the Perfume is either Water Oil Essence Unguent Powder or Tablets IV. The Making and Composition is taken from the Form and matter V. The Matter is either Vegetable Animal or Mineral VI. The way of Perfuming is according to the matter to be perfumed VII The matter to be perfumed is either natural as Hairs Skins Cloaths Air c. or Artificial as Pomanders Powders Wash-balls Soaps Candles and other things of like nature CHAP. XLII Of the Matter of which Perfumes are made I. THe ground of Vegetable Perfumes is taken from Flowers Seeds Herbs Roots Woods Barks and Gums II. The chief Flowers for this use are of Clove-Gilliflowers Roses Jasemin Lavender Oranges and Saffron III. The chief Seeds or fruits are Nutmets Cloves Carrawaies Grains Seeds of Geranium Moschatum and the Nut Ben. IV. The chief Herbs are Geranium Moschatum Basil sweet Majoram Tyme Angelica Rosemary Lavender Hysop sweet Trefoyl Mint and Bay-tree leaves V. The chief Roots are of Calamus Aromaticus Ginger China Caryophyllata Indian Spicknard and sweet Orrice or Iris. VI. The chief Woods are of yellow Sanders Xylobalsamum Lignum Aloes and Rhodium VII The Barks and Peels are of Cinnamon Mace Oranges Limons and Citrons VIII The chief Gums are Frankincense Olibanum Labdanum Styrax liquid Styrax Balsamum Verum Ambergriese Styrax Calamita Benjamin Amber Camphire IX The chief matters of Perfumes taken from Animals are Musk Zibet Cow-dung and other turds X. Of Minerals there is one only which yields a Perfume and that is Antimony CHAP. XLIII Of the Oil of Ben. I. THe little Nut which the Arabians call Ben is the same which the Latins call Nux Vnguentaria and the Greeks Balanos Myrepsta out of which is taken an Oil of great use in the Art of Perfuming II. To make the Oil of Ben. Blanch the Nuts and beat them very carefully in a mortar and sprinkle them with wine put them into an earthen or Iron Pan and heat them hot then put them into a linnen cloth and press them in an Almond press this work repeat till all the Oil is extracted so have you Oil of Ben by expression III. In like manner you may express the Oil out of Citron seeds incomparable for this purpose to extract the scent out of Musk Civit Amber and the like because it will not quickly grow rank yet Oil of the Nut Ben is much better IV. This Oil of Ben hath two properties the one is that having no scent or odour of it self it alters changes or diminishes the scent of any Perfume put into it the other is that it is of a long continuance so that it scarcely ever changeth corrupts or putrifies as other Oils do V. To make a Perfume thereof put the Musk Amber c. in fine powder thereinto which keep in a glass bottle very close stopped for a month or more then use it VI. Or thus Blanch your Nuts and bruise them Almonds may do though not so good and lay them between two rows of Flowers suppose Roses Jasemin c. or other Perfumes when the Flowers have lost their scent and fade remove them adding fresh ones which repeat so long as the Flowers are in season then squeez out the oil and it will be most odoriferous VII Lastly by this last you may draw a sweet scent out of those Flowers out of which you cannot distil any sweet water CHAP. XLI Of sweet Waters I. THe first sweet Water Take Cloves in powder two drachms yellow Sanders Calamus Aromaticus of each one scruple Aquae Rosarum Damascenarum fifteen pound digest four days then distil in an Alembick to this new distilled water put in powder Cloves Cinnamon Benjamin Storax Calamita of each one drachm distil again in Balneo lastly put the water into a glass bottle with Musk and Ambergriese of each ten granis keep it close stopt for use II. The second sweet Water Take Damask Roses exungulated three pound Flowers of Lavender and Spike of each four ounces Clove-gilliflowers and Flowers of Jasemin of each two pound Orange-flowers one pound Citron peels four drachms Cloves two drachms Cinnamon Storax Calamita Benjamin Nutmegs of each two scruples all in powder Aquae Rosarum six pound digest ten days then distil in Balneo to the distilled water add of Musk and Ambergriese of each thirty grains III. The third sweet water Take Roses Clove-gilliflowers of each one pound Flowers of Rosemary Lavender Jasemin Majoram Savory Time of each three ounces dry Citron peels one ounce Cinnamon Benjamin Storax Calamita of each two drachms Nutmegs Mace of each one drachm bruise the Herbs and Spices well digest in the Sun two days then distil in Balneo to the distilled water add Musk in powder one scruple IV. The fourth sweet Water Take Cloves Cinnamon of each one drachm Mace Grains Musk Ambergriese Citron peels of each half a scruple Benjamin Storax Calamita of each one scruple Aqua Resarum twelve pound digest fifteen days then distil in Balneo V. The fifth sweet Water Take Rosemary-flower water Orange-flower water of each five pound Ambergriese one scruple digest ten days then distil in Balneo VI. The sixth sweet Water Take Roses two pound Macaleb half a drachm Ambergriese ten grains bruise what is to be bruised digest in sand three days then distil in Balneo VII The seventh sweet Water Take green peels of Oranges and Citrons of each four drachms Cloves half a drachm flowers of Spike six ounces Aquae Rosarum Damascenarum six pound digest ten days then distil in Balneo VIII The eighth sweet Water Take of the water at the fifth Section six pound Musk ten grains mix and digest them for use IX The ninth sweet Water Take Aquae Rosarum Aquae Florum de Jâ—semin of each four pound Musk one scruple digest ten days then distil in sand X. The tenth sweet Water Take Damâ—sk-rose Musk-roses Orange-flowers of each four pound Cloves two ounces Nutmegs one ounce distil in an Alembick in the nose of which hang Musk three scruples Amber two scruples Civet one scruple tyed up in a rag dipt in bran and the white of an egg mixed XI The eleventh sweet Water called Aqua Nanfa or Naphe Take Aqua Rosarum four pound Orange-flower water two pound waters of sweet Trefoyl Lavender Sweet Majoram of each eight ounces Benjamin two ounces storax
Soap Take of the aforesaid Lixivium or oil of Tartar per deliquium twelve pound oil Olive three pound mix them Amylum two pound Roman Vitriol one ounce in powder Glair of eggs two ounces put all together and stir continually for four hours time then let it stand the space of a day and it is done You may perfume it as before this makes the hair fair VI. Another exceeding the former Take Crown-soap Vine-ashes of each one pound make it into Cakes with powder of Roch Alom and Tartar of each alike which you may perfume at pleasure VII To get the juice or milk of Macaleb Take the sweet and odoriferous grains of Macaleb which beat in a mortar with Rose water or some perfuming water till it becomes like pap then press out the juice or milk which use within two or three days lest it spoil CHAP. LIV. Of Burning Perfumes I. TO make perfumed lights Take Olibanum two ounces Camphire one ounce beat them into powder of which make with wax balls or rouls which put into a glass lamp with Rose water and lighted with a candle will give a fair light and a very good scent II. Another for a Lamp Take sweet oil Olive one pound Benjamin Storax in powder one ounce Musk Ambergriese of each one scruple mix all with the oil which put into a lamp to burn and the oil will yield a fragrant odour III. To make perfumed Candles Take Labdanum Myrrh Xyloaloes Styrax calamita of each one ounce and a half Willow Charcoal one ounce Ambergriese Musk of each ten grains make them into paste with mucilage of Gum Tragacamb in Rose water which make into rouls like Candles and dry for use IV. A perfume to smoak and burn Take Labdanum two ounces Storax one ounce Benjamin Cloves Mace of each half an ounce Musk Civet of each ten grains all in fine powder make up into cakes with mucilage of gum Tragacanth in Rose water which dry and keep among your cloaths which when occasion requires you may burn in a chafing-dish of coals V. Another smoaking perfume to burn Take Labdanum two drachms Storax one drachm Benjamin Frankincense white Amber Xylo-aloes of each two scruples Ambergriese Musk of each five grains make all into Cakes as aforesaid VI. Another very excellent Take Storax Benjamin of each one ounce wood of Aloes half an ounce Ambergriese Musk Civet Balsam of Peru oil of Rhodium of each two scruples Ivory burnt black a sufficient quantity powder what is to be powdred and mix all together which make into a paste with the Ivory black and the mucilage aforesaid make little cakes and dry them which keep in glasses close stopt for use VII Another very good but of less cost Take Olibanum one pound Storax Calamita and Liquida of each eight ounces Labdanum six ounces Willow charcoal a sufficient quantity with mucilage of Tragacanth make a paste as aforesaid CHAP. LV. Of Animal and Mineral Perfumes I. THe Animal Perfume of Paracelsus Take Cow-dung in the month of May or June and distil it in Balneo and the water thereof will be an excellent perfume and have the scent of Ambergriese See our Synopsis Medicinae lib. 3. cap. 75. Sect. 5. II. Lard muskified a great perfume Take hogs lard very pure one drachm Musk Civet of each half a drachm mix them well for boxes III. The Mineral Perfume of Antimony Dissolve Antimony in oil of Flints Crystal or Sand coagulate the solution into a red mass put thereon Spirit of Wine and digest till the Spirit is tinged pour it off and put on more till all the tincture is extracted put all the tinctures together and evaporate the Spirit of Urine in Balneo and there will remain a blood-red liquor at bottom upon which put Spirit of Wine and you shall extract a very pure tincture smelling like Garlick digest it a month and it will smell like Balm digest it a while longer and it will smell like Musk or Ambergriese Besides being a perfume it is an excellent sudorifick and cures the Plague Feavers Lues Venerea c. IV. After the same manner you may make as substantial a perfume of Sulphur or Brimstone The making of the oil of Flints we have taught at the seven and fiftieth Section of the nine and twentieth Chapter of the third Book CHAP. LVI Of the Adulteration of Musk Civet and Ambergriese BY reason that these choice Perfumes are often adulterated or counterfeited we shall do our endeavour to discover the cheat lest any being deceived thereby should suffer loss I. Musk is often adulterated by mixing Nutmegs Mace Cinnamon Cloves Spicknard of each alike in a fine or impalpable powder with warm blood of Pidgeons and then dryed in the Sun then beaten again and moistened with Musk water drying and repeating the same work eight or ten times adding at last a quarter part of pure Musk by moistening and mixing with Musk water then dividing the mass into several parts and rouling them in the hair of a goat which grows under his tail II. Others adulterate it thus By filling the Musk cods with Goats blood and a little toasted bread mixed with a quarter part of Musk well beaten together The cheat is discerned by the brightness of the Goats blood III. Or thus Take Storax Labdanum powder of Xylo-aloes of each four ounces Musk and Civet of each half an ounce mix all together with Rose water The cheat is discerned by its easie dissolving in water and its different colour and scent IV. Or thus Take Goats blood powder of Angelica roots Musk of each alike make a mixture V. To adulterate Civet Mix with it the Gall of an Oxe and Storax liquefied and washed or you may adulterate it by the addition of Honey of Crete VI. To restore the lost scent to Musk or Ambergriese This is done by hanging it some time in a Jakes or house of Office for by these ill scents its innate vertue and odour is excited and revived CHAP. LVII Of the way of Perfuming Cloth Skins Gloves and the like I. TO Perfume Skins or Gloves Put a little Civet thereon here and there if Gloves along the seams then wash in Rose or musked water four or five times or so long as that they savour no more of the leather pressing them hard every time then lay them in a platter covered with the said water mixed with powder of Cypress a day or two take them out press them and dry them in the shadow being half dry besmear them a little with Civet mix'd with oil of Jasemin or Ben on the inward side chafing them with your hands before a fire till you think that the Civet hath pierced or gone through the leather leaving them so a day or more then rub with a Cloth that the Gloves or Leather may grow soft leaving them so till they are almost dry being drawn and stretched out then hold them over some burning Perfume to dry and wetting them again with Musk water do thus
of the shreds of white sheep-skins which are to be bad plentifully at Glovers or else of parchments one pound Conduit or running-water two quarts boyl it to a thin gelly then strain it whilst bot through a fine strainen and so use it II. Gum-lake it is made of whites of Eggs beaten and strained a pint Honey Gum-hedera of each two Drachms strong wort four spoonfuls mix them and strain them with a piece of spunge till they run like a clear oyl which keep in a clean vessel till it grows hard This Gum will dissolve in water like Gum-Arabick of which Gum-water is made in like manner it is a good ordinary Varnish for Pictures III. Gum-Hedera or Gum of Ivy it is gotten out of Ivy by cutting with an Axe a great branch thereof climbing upon an Oak-tree and bruising the ends of it with the head of the Axe at a Months end or thereabouts you may take from it a very clear and pure fine Gum like oyl It is good to put into gold size and other colours for these three reasons 1. It abates the ill scent of the size 2. It will prevent bubbles in gold size and other colours 3. Lastly it takes the fat and clamminess off colours besides which it is of use in making Pomanders IV. Gum Armoniacum It is a Forrein Gum and ought to be brought strained Grind it very fine with juyce of Garlick and a little Gum-Arabick water so that it may not be too thick but that you may write with it what you will When you use it draw what you will with it and let it dry and when you gild upon it cut your Gold or Silver to the fashion which you drew with the size or gum then breath upon the size and lay the Gold upon it gently taken up which press down hard with a piece of wool and then let it well dry being dryed with a fine linnen cloath strike off the loose gold so will what was drawn be fairly gilded if it was as fine as a hair it is called Gold Armoniack CHAP. XVII Of the seven Colours in General I. THe chief Whites are these Spodium Ceruse White-lead Spanish-white Egg-shels burnt This Colour is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 video to see because 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 whiteness as Aristotle said is the object of sight in Latine Albus from whence the Alps had their name by reason of their continual whiteness with Snow The Spanish-white is thus made Take fine Chalk three Ounces Alom one Ounce grind them together with fair water till it be like pap roul it up into balls which dry leisurely then put them into the fire till they are red hot take them out and let them cool it is the best white of all to garnish with being ground with weak gum-water II. The chief Blacks are these Hartshorn burnt Ivory burnt Cherry-stones burnt Lamp-black Charcoal Black in Latine Niger is so called from the Greek word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which signifies dead because putrified and dead things are generally of that colour Lamp-black is the smoak of a Link Torch or Lamp gathered together III. The chief Reds are these Vermilion Red-lead Indian-lake Red-oker It is called in Latin Ruber 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 à corticibus vel granis mali punicâ—â— from the Rinds or Seeds of Pomegranates as Scaliger saith IV. The chief Greens are these Green Bice Verdegriese Verditure Sapgreen This colour is called in Latine Viridis from Vires in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Grass or Green berb which is of this Colour V. The chief Yellows are these Orpiment Masticot Saffron Pink yellow Oker de luce This colour is called in Latine Flavus Luteus in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which is Homer 's Epithete for Menelaus where he calls him 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 VI. The chief Blews are Ultramarine Indico Smalt Blew bice This colour is called in Latine Caeruleus in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 à 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the name of a stone which yields Ultramarine VII The chiefest Browns are Umber Spanish-brown Colens Earth It is called in Latine Fuscus quasi 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 from darkening the Light in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 CHAP. XVIII Of Colours in Particular I. CEruse Grind it with glair of Eggs and it will make a most perfect white II. White-lead Grind it with a weak water of Gum-lake and let it stand three or four days after which if you mix with it Roset and Vermilion it makes a fair Carnation III. Spanish-white It is the best white of all to garnish with ground with weak gum-Gum-water IV. Lamp black ground with Gum-water it makes a good black V. Vermilion Grind it with the glair of an Egg and in the grinding put a little clarified honey to make its colour bright and perfect VI. Sinaper-lake it makes a deep and beautiful red or rather purple almost like unto a Red-rose Grind it with Gum-lake and Turnsole water if you will have it light add a little Ceruse and it will make it a bright Crimson if to Diaper add only Turnsole water VII Red-lead Grind it with some Saffron and stiff Gum-lake for the Saffron makes it orient and of a Marigold colour VIII Turnsole Lay it in a Sawcer of Vinegar and set it over a chafing-dish of coals let it boil then take it off and wring it into a Shell adding a little Gum-Arabick let it stand till it is dissolved It is good to shadow Carnation and all Yellows IX Roset Grind it with Brazil-water and it will make a deep purple put Ceruse to it and it will be lighter grind it with Litmose and it will make a fair Violet X. Spanish brown Grind it with Brazil-water mingle it with Ceruse and it makes a horse-flesh Colour XI Bole Armoniack It is a faint Colour its chief use is in making size for burnish'd gold XII Greenbice Order it as you do blew bice when it is moyst and not through dry you may diaper upon it with the water of deep green XIII Verdegriese Grind it with juyce of Rue and a little weak gum-water and you will have a most pure green if you will diaper with it grind it with Lye of Rue or else the decoction thereof and there will be a hoary green Diaper upon Verdegriese green with sap-green also Verdegriese ground with white Tartar and then tempered with gum-water gives a most perfect green XIV Verditure grind it with a weak Gum-Arabick water it is the faintest green that is but is good to lay upon black in any kind of drapery XV. Sap-green lay it in sharp vinegar all night put it into a little Alom to raise its colour and you will have a good green to diaper upon other greens XVI Orpiment Arsenicum or Auripigmentum grind it with a stiff water of Gum-lake because it is the best colour of it self it will lie upon no green for all greens white
and not with gum water XXVI To make a Yellow Green or Purple Buckthorn Berries gathered green and steeped in Alom water yield a good yellow but being through ripe and black by the eighteenth Section of the twenty first Chapter of the third Book they yield a good green and lastly being gathered when they are ready to drop off which is about the middle or end of November their juice mixt with Alom water yields a good purple colour CHAP. XX. Of Colours for Drapery I. FOR Yellow garments Take Masticot deepned with brown Oker and red Lead II. For Scarlet Take Vermilion deepned with Sinaper lake and heightned with touches of Masticot III. For Crimson Lay on Lake very thin and deepen with the same IV. For Purple Grinde Lake and Smalt together or take blew Bice and mix it with red and white Lead V. For an Orient Violet Grind Litmose blew Smalt and Ceruse but in mixture let the blew have the upper hand VI. For Blew Take Azure deepned with Indie blew or Lake heightned with white VII For black Velvet Lay the garment first over with Ivory black then heighten it with Cherrystone black and a little white VIII For black Sattin Take Cherrystone black then white deepned with Cherrystone black and then lastly Ivory black IX For a pure Green Take Verdegriese bruise it and steep it in Muscadine for twelve hours then strain it into a shell to which add a little Sap green but put no gum thereto X. For a Carnation Grind Ceruse well washed with red Lead or Ceruse and Vermilion XI For Cloth of Gold Take brown Oker and liquid Gold water and heighten upon the same with small stroaks of Gold XII For white Sattin Take first fine Ceruse which deepen with Cherrystone black then heighten again with Ceruse and fine touches where the light falleth XIII For a russet Sattin Take Indy blew and Lake first thin and then deepned with Indy again XIV For a hair Colour It is made out of Masticot Umber yellow Oker Ceruse Oker de Rous and Sea-coal XV. For a Popinjay green Take a perfect green mingled with Masticot XVI For changeable Silk Take water of Masticot and red Lead which deepen with Sap green XVII For a light Blew Take blew Bice heightned with Ceruse or Spodium XVIII For to shadow Russet Take Cherrystone black and white lay a light russet then shadow it with white XIX For a Skie colour Take blew Bice and Venice Ceruse but if you would have it dark take some blew and white XX. For a Straw colour Take Masticot then white heightened with Masticot and deepned with Pink. Or thus Take red Lead deepned with Lake XXI For Yellowish Thin Pink deepned with pink and green Orpiment burned makes a Marigold colour XXII For a Peach colour Take Brazil water Log water and Ceruse XXIII For a light Purple Mingle Ceruse with Logwood water or take Turnsole mingled with a little Lake Smalt and Bice XXIV For a Walnut colour Red Lead thinly laid and shadowed with Spanish brown XXV For a Fire colour Take Masticot and deepen it with Masticot for the flame XXVI For a Tree Take Umber and white wrought with Umber deepned with black XXVII For the Leaves Take Sap green and green Bice heighten it with Verditure and white XXVIII For Water Blew and white deepned with blew and heightned with white XXIX For Banks Thin Umber deepned with Umber and black XXX For Feathers Take Lake frizled with red Lead CHAP. XXI Of Liquid Gold and Silver I. LIquid Gold or Silver Take five or six leaves of Gold or Silver which grind with a stiff gum Lake water and a good quantity of salt as small as you can then put it into a vial or glazed vessel add so much fair water as may dissolve the stiff gum water then let it stand four hours that the gold may settle decant the water and put in more till the gold is clean washed to the gold put more fair water a little sal Armoniack and common salt digesting it close for four days then put all into a piece of thin Glovers leather whose grain is peeled off and hang it up so will the sal Armoniack fret away and the gold remain behind which keep Or thus Grind fine leaf Gold with strong or thick gum water very fine and as you grind add more thick gum water being very fine wash it in a great shell as you do bice then temper it with a little quantity of Mercury sublimate and a little dissolved gum to bind it in the shall shake it and spread the Gold about the sides thereof that it may be all of one colour and fineness which use with fair waters as you do other Colours The same observe in liquid Silver with this observation That if your Silver by length of time or humidity of the air becomes rusty then cover the place with juice of Garlick before you lay on the Silver which will preserve it When you use it temper it with glair of eggs and so use it with pen or pencil Glair of Eggs is thus made Take the whites and beat them with a spoon till that rise all in a foam then let them stand all night and by morning they will be turned into clear water which is good glair II. Argentum Musicum Take one ounce of tin melt it and put thereto of Tartar and Quicksilver of each one ounce stir them well together until they be cold then beat it in a mortar and grind it on a stone mix it with gum water write therewith and afterwards polish it III. Burnished Gold or Silver Take gum-lake and dissolve it into a stiff water then grind a blade or two of Saffron therewith and you shall have a fair gold when you have set it being throughly dry burnish it with a dogs tooth Or thus having writ with your pen or pencil what you please cut the Leaf Gold or Silver into pieces according to the draught which take up with a feather and lay it upon the drawing which press down with a piece of wool and being dry burnish it IV. Gold Armoniack This is nothing but that which we have taught at the fourth Section of the sixteenth Chapter of this Book V. Size for burnished Gold Take Bole Armoniack three drachms fine Chalk one drachm grind them as small as you can together with fair water three or four times letting it dry after every time then take glair and strain it as short as water with which grind the Bole and Chalk adding a little gum Hedera and a few blades of Saffron grind all as small as possible and put them into an Ox horn I judge a glass vessel better and set it to rot in horse dung for six weeks then take it up and let it have air and keep it for use It s use is for gilding parchments book covers and leather thus lay this size first upon the parchment then with a feather lay the Gold or Silver upon
it which when dry burnish it VI. To diaper on Gold or Silver You must diaper on Gold with Lake and yellow Oker but upon Silver with Ceruse VII Aurum Musicum Take fine Crystal Orpiment of each one ounce beat each severally into a fine powder then grind them together well with glair You may write with it with pen or pencil and your letters or draught will be of a good gold colour CHAP. XXII Of Preparing the Colours I. COlours according to their natures have each a particular way of preparation to wit by grinding washing or steeping II. The chief Colours to be ground are these White Lead Ceruse Sinaper Lake Oker Pink Indico Umber Colens Earth Spanish Brown Ivory Black Cherrystone Black III. The chief Colours to be wash'd are Red Lead Masticot green Bice Cedar green Ultramarine blew Bice Smalt Verditure IV. The chief Colours to be steep'd are Sap-green Saffron Turnsole Stone blew Venice berries V. To Grind Colours Take the colour you would grind and scrape off from it all the filth then lay it upon the stone and with the muller bruise it a little then put thereto a little spring water and grind all together very well till the colour is very fine which done pour it out into certain hollows or furrows cut in chalk-stone and there let it lie till it is dry which reserve in papers or glasses VI. To Wash colours Put the colour into a glazed vessel and put thereto fair water plentifully wash it well and decant after a while the water do this six or seven times at last put the water being just troubled into another glazed vessel leaving the dregs at bottom then into this second vessel put more fair water washing it as before till the water being settled be clear and the colour remain fine at bottom we have taught another way at the twenty fourth Section of the eighteenth Chapter of this Book VII To steep Colours Take a quantity thereof and put it into a shell and fill the shell with fair water to which add some fine powder of Alom to raise the Colour let it thus steep a day and night and you will have a good colour Where note Saffron steeped in vinegar gives a good colour and the Venice berries in fair water and a little Alom or a drop or two of oyl of Vitriol makes a fair yellow VIII To temper the colours Take a little of any colour and put it into a clean shell and add thereto a few drops of gum water and with your fingers work it about the shell then let it dry when dry touch it with your fingers if any colour comes off you must add stronger gum water but being dry if the colour glister or shine it is a sign there is too much gum in it which you may remedy by putting in fair water IX To help the defects Some colours as Lake Umber and others which are hard will crack when they are dry in this case in tempering them add a little white Sugar candy in very fine powder which mix with the colour and fair water in the shell till the Sugar candy is dissolved X. These colours Umber Spanish brown Colen earth Cherrystone and Ivory black are to be burnt before they be ground or wash'd XI To burn or calcine Colours This is done in a crucible covering the mouth thereof with clay and setting it in a hot fire till you are sure it is red hot through which done being cold wash or grind it as aforesaid XII To prepare shadows for Colours White is shaded with black and contrariwise yellow with Umber and the Okers Vermilion with Lake blew Bice with Indie Black coal with Roset c. CHAP. XXIII Of the Manual Instruments I. THe manual Instruments are four by the second Section of the fifteenth Chapter of this Book to wit The Grinding stone and Muller Pencils Tables to Limn on and shells or little glasses or China dishes II. The Grinding stone may be of Porphury Serpentine or Marble but rather a Pebble for that is the best of all others the Muller only of pebble which keep very clean These may be easily got of Marblers or Stone-cutters in London III. Choose your pencils thus by their fastness in the quills and their sharp points after you have drawn or wetted them in your mouth two or three times so that although larger yet their points will come to as small as a hair which then are good but if they spread or have any extravagant hairs they are naught To wash your Pencils After using them rub the ends of them well with soap then lay them a while in warm water to steep then take them out and wash them well in other fair water V. To prepare the Table It must be made of pure fine paste-board such as Cards are made of of what thickness you please very finely slick'd and glazed Take a piece of this paste-board of the bigness you intend the picture and a piece of the finest and whitest parchment you can get virgin parchment which cut of equal bigness with the paste board with thin white new made starch paste the parchment to the paste-board with the outside of the skin outwardmost lay on the starch very thin and eaven then the grinding stone being clean lay the card thereon with the parchment side downwards and as hard as you can rub the other side of the paste-board with a Boars tooth set in a stick then let it be thorow drie and it will be fit to work or limn any curious thing upon VI. The shells holding or containing your colours ought to be Horse-muscle shells which may be got in July about Rivers sides but the next to these are small muscle shells or in stead thereof little China or glass vessels CHAP. XXIV Of Preparations for Limning I. HAve two small glass or China dishes in either of which must be pure clean water the one to wash the pencils in being foul the other to temper the colours with when there is occasion II. Besides the pencils you Limn with a large clean and dry pencil to cleanse the work from any kind of dust that may fall upon it which one called Fitch-Pencils III. A sharp Pen-knife to take off hairs that may come from your pencil either among the colours or upon the work or to take out spots that may fall upon the card or table IV. A Paper with a hole cut therein to lay over the Card to keep it from dust and filth to rest your hand upon and to keep the soil and sweat of your hand from sullying the parchment as also to try your pencils on before you use them Let the small glasses waters pencils and pen-knife lie all on the right hand V. Have ready a quantity of light carnation or flesh colour temper'd up in a shell by it self with a weak gum water If it be a fair complexion mix white and red Lead together if a brown or swarthy add to the former
fire let the Impression be smoaked and if any superfluous fume be taken wipe it off with a Hares foot XI Then join the sides of the flask together putting them with the woolen cloaths between the Oaken plates which put into the Press and skrew them a little XII Then the Metal being melted put it into the mould being hot which if it be Silver or blanched Brass or Copper it will run well enough XIII But if it runs not well you may cast in about the hundred part of Mercury sublimate and an eighth part of Antimony for so it will not only run well but also be a harder metal XIV Lastly the Medal being cooled take it neatly out and keep it Where note 1. That so long as the Impression or mould is not spoiled you may still cast more Medals therein but when it decays you must perfectly renew the whole work as at first 2. That you may blanch them with a pure whiteness by the ninth Section of the nine and twentieth Chapter of this Book or thus if they be of whitened Brass Take Sal armoniack one ounce and an half Salt-peter two ounces and a half Leaf silver twenty four grains mix them and evaporate them in a Luted crucible having a hole in the cover till all the moisture is gone being cold beat all into fine powder of which take one ounce Salt Alom Tartar of each one handful fair water a sufficient quantity mix and boil all in a glazed vessel in which put the Medals boiling them till they are purely white then rub them with the Tartar in the bottom very well wash them in fair water and dry them 3. That if the Medals be of Gold or of a golden colour you may heighten it with Verdigriese and Vrine CHAP. XXXII Of Glass and Precious Stones I. TO melt Crystal Beat Crystal to bits and put them into an Iron spoon cover it and lute it well and heat it in the fire till it is red hot which quench in oyl of Tartar this do so often till they will easily beat to powder in a mortar which will then easily melt This is of use to counterfeit Jewels with II. To make a Cement for broken Glasses Glair of Eggs mixed with Quick-lime will join broken pieces of Glass together and all earthen pots so as that they shall never be broken in the same place again Or thus Take old liquid Varnish and join the pieces with bind them together and dry them well in the Sun or in an Oven and they will never unglew again but put no hot liquor into them then Or thus Take White-lead Red-lead Quick-lime Gum sandrack of each one ounce mix all with glair of eight eggs Or thus Take White-lead bole liquid varnish as much as sufficeth Or thus Take White-lead Lime glair of Eggs as much as sufficeth Or thus Take fine powder of glass Quick-lime Liquid varnish of each a sufficient quantity Or thus Take Quick-lime powdered liquid varnish glair of Eggs of each alike grind them upon a stone this is a strong glew even for stones Or thus Take Calcined flints and egg-shells of each alike and with whites of Eggs and gum tragacanth or dissolution of Gum Sandrack make glew this in few days will be as hard as stone Or thus Take calcined flints two pound Quick-lime four pound Linseed oyl so much as may temper the mixture this is wonderful strong but with liquid varnish it would be stronger Or thus Take fish glew and beat it thin then soak it in water till it is like paste make rouls thereof which draw out thin when you use it dissolve it in fair water over the fire letting it seeth a while and scumming of it and whilest it is hot use it This not only cements glass but Tortoise shell and all other things III. To wake Glass green Green glass is made of fern ashes because it hath much of an alkaly salt Crystal or Venice Glass is tinged green with Ore of Copper or with the Calx of Copper five or six grains to an ounce IV. To counterfeit a Diamond Take a Saphyre of a faint colour put into the middle of a crucible in quick Lime and put it into a gentle fire and heat it by degrees till it is red hot keep it so for six or seven hours let it stand in the crucible till it is cold lest taking it out hot it should break so will it lose all its colour and be perfectly like a Diamond so that no file will touch it if the colour is not all vanished at the first heating you must heat it again till it is perfect V. To prepare the Salts for counterfeit Gems The Salts used in making counterfeit Gems are chiefly two the first is made of the herb Kali the second of Tartar their preparations are according to the usual way but in Glass vessels VI. To prepare the matter of which Gems are made The matter is either Crystal or flint that is clear and white put them into a crucible in a reverberatory heat the crucible being covered then take them out and cast them into cold water so will they crack and easily reduce to powder of which powder take an equal quantity with Salt of Tartar or Sal Alkali to which mixture add what Colour you please which must be either Metalline or Mineral put them into a very strong Crucible filling it about half full cover it close and melt all in a strong fire till it become like glass Where note in melting you must put an Iron red into it and take up some of it and if it is free from bubbles grains or specks it is fused enough if not you must fuse it till it is free VII To make a counterfeit Diamond of Crystal Put Crystal in a crucible and set it in a glass furnace all night and then bring it to fine powder mix it with equal parts of Sal Tartari digest all night in a vehement heat but yet not to melt then take them out and put them into another vessel which will stoutly endure the fire let them stand melted two days and take out the mass VIII To make a Chalcedon Mingle with the powder of Crystal a little calcined silver and let it stand in fusion twenty four hours IX To make counterfeit Pearls Mix Calx of Luna and Egg-shells with leaf silver ground with our best varnish of which make paste and having bored them with a hogs bristle dry them in the Sun or an Oven X. To counterfeit a Ruby Take Sal Alkaly four ounces Crystal three ounces Scales of Brass half an ounce leaf gold six grains mix all and melt them in a reverberatory XI To counterfeit a Carbuncle Mix Crystal with a little red Lead putting it into a furance for twenty four hours then take it out powder and searce it to which add a little Calcined brass melt all again and add a small quantity of leaf gold stirring it well three or four hours and
of beauty when art affords an innocent supply but with confidence crucify that evil conscience which forbids the use of a little oyl to make a chearful countenance and the drinking of a little wine to make a merry heart Borrow our Artificial beautifiers and become splendid that you may be fit to be gathered by the hand of some metamorphosed Hero lest in the garden of Deformities growing green with sickness you should be taken for thistles and so crop'd by Asses II. To cleanse the face and skin Before any thing be used to paint or make the skin beautiful it must be made very clean thus first wash with warm water and sweet scented wash-balls very well then rub the face with a cloth and wash well with water in which Wheat-bran is boiled so is the skin prepared Or thus Take Sublimate one ounce glair of six eggs boil them in a glass vessel till they grow thick then press out the water with which wash the skin III. To make a white Fucus or Paint Take Talk and powder it by beating of it in a hot mortar to the powdred Talk add distilled Vinegar boil it at a gentle fire in a wide glass let the fat froth that swims at top be taken off with a spoon then evaporate the vinegar and mix the remaining cream with flegm of common Salt or a little Pomatum with which wash or anoint the face and it will beautify it much IV. Another very excellent Take Crude Talk in powder one ounce oil of Camphire two ounces digest till the oil is white it is a noble Fucus for Ladies faces V. To make the aforesaid oyl of Camphire Take Camphire four ounces Bole twelve ounces make them into balls and dry them in the Sun then distill them in sand in a glass retort into a receiver that hath distilled rain water therein first there will come forth a white matter which melts in the Alembick and falls into the receiver then a clearer water and at last with a stronger fire the oil we speak of sweet scented which rectified with spirit of wine will be yellow as Gold VI. Another excellent Fucus made of Pearl Dissolve Pearl in distilled Vinegar precipitate with oyl of Sulphur per Campanum then sweeten and digest with spirit of wine abstract the spirit and you have a magisterial Fucus will melt like butter VII To make the best Fucus or Paint as yet known Take Venetian Talk cleave it into slices digest it in the heat of the Sun or of a horse-dunghil for a month with distilled vinegar made of Spanish wine adding every day new distilled Vinegar to the former till the Vinegar be mucilaginous which then distill by a luted retort and a large receiver with a naked fire First there comes forth the Vinegar then a white oil which separate After you have cleansed the skin by the second Section then first wash with the vinegar after anoint with the oil if the face be first well wash'd from all impurity this one anointing may hold for a month without fading This Cosmetick if rightly prepared is worth about five pound an ounce VIII An excellent Fucus made of a Bulls gall Take Bulls galls dryed in the Sun whose tincture extract with spirit of wine with which besmear the face being cleansed by the second Section leaving it on for three or four days without going abroad or exposing the skin to the air at the end of the time cleanse the face by the second Section so almost to a miracle the skin of the face and neck is rendered most gratefully white soft delicate and amiable This is the Spanish Fucus which several Ladies now use IX To make an excellent red Fucus Make a decoction of red Sanders in double distilled vinegar adding a little Alom with a few grains of Musk Amber-griese or of some sweet Spices and you will have a perfect red Fucus for the face X. Another very excellent Take juice of Clove-gilliflowers with which mix a little juice of Limons with this paint your face and you shall have a pleasing red colour XI To do the same another away Make a strong infusion of Clove-gilliflowers in rectified spirit of wine adding a few drops of oil of Vitriol or instead thereof a little Alom and the juice of a Citron or Limon so shall you have an excellent colour to beautifie the face with XII A Fueus or Paint not easie to be discovered Take seeds of Cardamoms or grains of Paradise Cubebs Cloves and raspings of Brazil which infuse in rectified spirit of wine for ten days over a gentle heat then separate the spirit this is so perfect a Fucus that it may deceive any man for this clear water gives a fresh red and lovely colour which will last long XIII A Fucus or Cosmetick of river Crabs Takes of the flesh which remains in the extremities of the great claws of river Crabs being boiled a sufficient quantity which dry gently and then extract a deep tincture with rectified spirit of wine evaporate part of the menstruum till the tincture have a good thickness or body with which the skin being cleansed anoint the cheeks first applying over it some other albifying Cosmetick XIV Spanish wool wherewith women paint their faces red Boil shearings of Scarlet in water of quick-lime half an hour of which take two pound to which put Brazil two ounces rasped Roch Alom Verdigriese of each one ounce Gum Arabick two drcahms boil all for half an hour which keep for use XV. To do the same another way Take Spirit of wine one pound Cochenele half an ounce rasped Brazil one ounce Gum Armoniack three drachms mix and digest till the Gum is dissolved then boil it gently and strain it for use into which you may put old linnen rags or Spanish wool at pleasure CHAP. XXXVII Of Cosmeticks which beautifie without any thing of Paint I. AN excellent Cosmetick or Liquor of Talk Take powder of Talk made by rubbing it with pumice stones or beating it in a very hot mortar or filing it with a Goldsmiths smoothing file eight ounces Salis Tartari sixteen ounces calcine it twelve hours in a wind furnace and set it in a Cellar separating that which melts from that which doth not then calcine this dry Calx added to four times its weight of Salnitre with a strong fire so the Talk will be melted into a clear white mass which being set in a Cellar will turn to a clammy liquor This wonderfully whitens and beautifies the skin and takes away spots and freckles from the face but you must not leave the liquor long on but wash it off with decoction of wheat bran that it corrode not the skin II. To make the skin soft and smooth The face being very clean by the second Section of the six and thirtieth Chapter wash it very well with a Lixivium of Salt of Tartar and after that anoint it with Pomatum or which is better oil of sweet Almonds doing this every night going
to bed The Pomatum we have taught the way to make in our Synopsis Medicinae lib. 3. cap. 58. Sect. 2. III. A water to cleanse the face from Scurfe and Morphew Take distilled rain water six ounces juice of Limons twelve ounces mix them and wash with it morning and evening anointing after it at night going to bed with the oil or Pomatum aforesaid IV. An Vnguent which brings the skin to an exquisite beauty Take of our Pomatum one ounce Salt of Tartar one drachm Musk twenty grains mix them well and the face or skin being very clean anoint morning and evening V. A wonderful Cosmetick of great worth Take white Tartar twenty ounces Talk Salt of each ten ounces calcine them in a potters furnace very well then grinding the matter upon a marble put it into Hippocrates his sleeve and set it in a Cellar or other moist place for twenty or thirty dayes and there will drop from it a precious oil which being rubbed upon the skin softly with a linnen cloth the skin being duly cleansed first takes away all kind of spots and makes the skin soft and delicate VI. A cheap yet excellent Cosmetick Take Alom in fine powder and shake it with whites of new laid eggs being a little heated till such time as they grow thick to an ointment with which anoint the face morning and evening three or four days and it will take away spots and wrinkles and make the skin grow clear and fair VII An excellent Mercurial Cosmetick prevalent against most deformities of the skin Take Mercury purified from all blackness half a pound Mercury Sublimate in powder as much mix them in a stone or marble mortar put them into an Alembick of a straight Orifice put on distilled Vinegar till all be covered three or four fingers letting it stand four dayes daily stirring the same at certain times then it extracts a whitish powder the whitish Vinegar by inclination separate rejecting it and put on other Vinegar the powder at bottom keep so for some days which labour you must so often reiterate till you have abundance of that white powder which dry and keep for use anoint with it by mixing with it a little distilled rain water and it will take away all blemishes of the skin as also Tetters Use it not too often and beware you touch neither eyes nor teeth with it VIII Another of great estimation Take Mercury Sublimate Saccharum Saturni of each two drachms Rose water juice of Limons of each two ounces mix them like to an ointment with which anoint gently at night and the next morning with the Pomatum aforesaid IX To make a kind of Lac Virginis an excellent Cosmetick Take distilled rain water a quart Saccharum Saturni crystallized one ounce mix them and then wash with the water being settled the fine white powder at bottom is also an excellent fucus or paint which may be laid upon the skin if very clear note some use Vinegar instead of the rain water X. To make Oleum Tartari per deliquium Take Salt of Tartar which put into a bag with a corner in a moist Cellar and the oil will distil therefrom in drops with this oil you may mix a little fair water and wash your face at night going to bed and the next morning the face being very clean you may wash with the aforesaid Lac Virginis thus continuing for some days you may create an exquisite and lasting beauty XI A compound Cosmetick esteemed by some of great force Take of the aforesaid Lac Virginis one ounce oil of Tartar aforesaid half an ounce mix them with which wash morning and night for about a week or more as you shall see occasion then anoint with the following ointment XII To make the Cosmetick Ointment aforesaid Take Musk three drachms Ambergriese two drachms Civit one drachm grind them upon a porphyre or marble stone with oil of Ben and Rhodium of each three ounces with which anoint as aforesaid note some instead of the oil of Ben use oil of sweet Almonds XIII A vegetable Cosmetick Besmear your face or skin at night going to bed with the juice of Wake Robin it is excellent XVI An incomparable Cosmetick of Pearl Dissolve Pearls in juice of Limons or distilled Vinegar which digest in Horse-dung till they send forth a clear oil which will swim on the top this is one of the most excellent Cosmeticks or Beautifiers in the world this oil if well prepared is richly worth seven pound an ounce XV. A Cosmetick ointment of great worth Take of our Pomatum aforesaid six ounces Saccharum Saturni two ounces mix them and anoint morning and evening XVI Another very good for the skin Mix Saccharum Saturni one drachm in Vinegar half an ounce which mingle with the glair of eggs and anoint with it XVII A Cosmetick wonderful to make a pleasing ruddy complexion Take oil of Tartar four ounces Alom Sal Gem of each one ounce Borax Camphire of each half an ounce beat them well together to which add of Briony water a pint distil them in balneo and you will have your desire XVIII Another for the same Take Madder Myrrh Saffron Frankincense of each a like bruise and steep all in White-wine with which anoint the face going to bed and in the morning wash it off and the skin will have a gallant pleasing blush XIX To make the Cosmetick of Myrrh very excellent Boil eggs till they are hard slit them and take out the yolks fill them up with powdred myrrh close them together and lay them in a moist Cellar and the myrrh will dissolve into oyl XX. To make a very good Wash to whiten the skin and give a good complexion Take Limons hens eggs boiled of each twelve Turpentine eight ounces distil all in Balneo Mariae with which wash when you wash you may drop into it a drop two or three of oil of Oranges or Cinamon for fragrancy sake XXI A Cosmetick to make a rough skin smooth Take sweet Almonds blanched four pound moisten them with spirit of wine and rose water mixt together of each two ounces beat them together and try them and when they begin to smoak put them into a bag and press them in a press made for that purpose and there will come forth a very clear oil which put into rain water and beat it till it is exceeding white CHAP. XXXVIII Of Cosmeticks which remedy the various Vices of the skin I. TO take away Sun-burnings To glair of ten eggs put Sugar-candy one ounce and anoint with it going to bed or anoint with the juice of Sow-bread at night going to bed in the morning with oil Omphacine The like effects hath our Lac Virginis at the ninth Section of the seven and thirtieth Chapter as also Oleum Tartari and other things of like nature II. To take away redness and Pimples First prepare the skin by bathing it often with the decoction of wheat-bran and applying pultisses of bread milk and
one ounce Labdanum half an ounce Mace Cloves Cinnamon Sanders Lignum Aloes of each one ounce Spikenard one ounce all being grosly beaten digest a month then in a glass retort distil in Balneo XII The twelfth sweet water called Aqua Moschata Take spirit of Wine two pound Musk three scruples Amber two scruples Civet one scruple digest in the Sun twenty days close stopped in a glass vessel a drop of this water put into any other liquor will very perfume it So may you extract the scent out of sweet Flowers with this difference that they lie but a little while because their earthy substance will make the spirit ill-favoured CHAP. XLV Of Perfuming Oils I. TO make Perfuming Oils by infusion II. This is taught fully at the fifth Section of the three and fortieth Chapter aforegoing II. To make Oleum Imperiale Take Ambergriese four drachms Storax Calamita eight ounces Rose-water Oleum Rosatum of each two pound Oil of Cinnamon and Cloves of each half a drachm put all into a glass and digest in horse dung twenty days this done gently boil all for a quarter of an hour which then let cool with a spoon take off the Oil which swims a top to which put of Musk and Zibet of each two drachms digest all in a gentle heat for twenty days and keep it for use Where note the Amber and Storax at bottom will serve to make sweet balls of to lay among cloaths or beads to carry in ones hands or for a perfume to burn III. To make Oil of Cinnamon Digest Cinnamon grossy bruised in spirit of Wine sharpned with oil of Salt in a glass vessel with a blind head closely luted in a gentle heat for ten days then distil in an Alembick as we have more at large taught in our Synopsis Medicinae lib. 3. cap. 47. Sect. 1. it is a wonderful Perfume the most fragrant and pleasant of all Oils as well in tast as smell the use of it will certainly take away a stinking Breath IV. To make Oil of Roses called adeps Rosarum Take Damask Roses pickle them with Bay salt and after three months with a large quantity of water distil in ashes with a gentle fire so have you Oil and Spirit or water which keep for other distillations Weckerus hath it thus Rosarum folia in umbra aliquandiu asservata in matula vitrea magna ponuntur cujus sit fundus latus ad dimidium vas impletur indè affunditur ipsis Rosarum foliis tantum aquae rosaceae stillatitiae quantum satis fuerit ut optimè madeant appositóque pileo vitreo caeco stipatisque optimè rimis cera gummata quindecim diebus equino fimo macerantur sic tamen ut mutato cùm frigescere coeperit fimo calor aequalis servetur Apposito mox matulae rostrato pileo igne moderato cinerum aqua omnis elicitur quae rursus in eadem matula optime priùs à foecibus mundata ablutáque ponitur calentis aquae balneo lentissimo igne elicitur dum tota in vas recipiens abeat Nam in fundo matulae remanebit oleum rosarum colore rubrum perspicuum Moschi odore suaviter fragrans This is the greatest of all vegetable perfumes and of an inestimable value V. To make Oil of Calamus Aromaticus It is made as oil of Cinnamon it is a very great perfume helps a stinking breath vomiting weak memory c. VI. To make Oil of Rhodium It is made as oil of Cinnamon is a very excellent perfume good for the head breath and the senses VII To make Oil of Indian Spicknard By infusion it is made by the first Section by distillation as oil of Cinnamon It is an eminent Perfume VIII To make Oil of Benjamin Take Benjamin six ounces in powder which dissolve in oil of Tartar and Aqua Rosarum of each one pound which distil with a close pipe in an Alembick So is made oil of Storax and Labdanum IX To make oil of Storax compound Take oil of Ben or sweet Almonds one pound Storax grosly beaten four ounces Benjamin Cloves of each two ounces digest till the Gums are melted over hot coals then press out the oil diligently CHAP. XLVI Of Perfuming Essences I. THe way to extract Essences is somewhat difficult viz by Distillation Calcination Digestion or Menstruum II. If by Menstruum use not a watry one for a watry essence nor an oily one for an oily essence because being of like natures they are not easily separated but on the contrary chuse an oily Menstruum for a watry essence and a watry Menstruum for an oily essence III. If the essence of any metal be to be extracted by a corrosive menstruum after the work is done separate the salts from the waters and use only those salts which will be easily taken out again Vitriol and Alom are very difficult to be separated by reason of their earthy substance IV. To extract the essence out of Musk Ambergriese Civet and other Spices or Aromaticks Mix the perfume with oil of Ben which in a glass bottle set in the Sun or Sand for ten days then strain it from the dregs and the essence will be imbibed in the oil Then take spirit of Wine and distilled fountain water which mix with the said oil and digest for six days then distil in sand so will the essence and water ascend the oil remaining at bottom without any scent that essence and water distil in Balnce in a glass vessel till the water be come off and leave the essence in the bottom in the form of oil V. Another way to do the same Infuse the matter in spirit of Wine a sufficient quantity digest and ferment for ten days then distil in sand as long as any water will come over but have a care of buring which distilled Liquor draw off in Balneo with a very gentle heat and the quintessence will be left in the bottom of a liquid form VI. To extract the essence our of Herbs and Flowers as of Sweet Majoram Basil Orange-flowers Jasemin c. Bruise the matter and put it into a glass vessel to ferment in Horse-dung for a month then distil in Balneo set it in dung for a week again and distil in Balneo again which reiterate so long as it will yield any liquor put the distilled matter upon the Caput mortuum distilling thus for six days draw off the water in Balneo and the essence remaining express in a press which being a week fermented in dung will yield the perfect scent colour and vertues of the matter desired VII To extract the essence out of Salts Calcine the Salt and grind it very small then lay it upon a marble in a moist Cellar setting under it a pan to receive the dissolution therein let it ferment for a month then with a gentle fire distil in Balneo cast away the insipid water which comes from it and set that which remains in the bottom to ferment another month then distil
six drachms melt the wax and mix the oils for a Perfume CHAP. L. Of Perfuming Tablets I. TO make red Muskardines or Tablets Dissolve gum Tragacanth in Rose water so that it may be as thick as Gelly wich make into paste with the following composition Take Amylum one pound fine Sugar half a pound Cochenele two ounces Musk three drachms all being in fine powder mix them and make tablets with the aforesaid Mucilage of Tragacanth square long round or of what form you please which dry in an Oven out of which bread hath been lately drawn but be sure you dry them till they be as hard as horns II. Another fort of Red Tablets Take of the aforesaid composition one pound Cloves Cinnamon Nutmegs Ginger of each two ounces Cochenele one ounce all being in fine powder make into tablets with the aforesaid Mucilage and dry as aforesaid III. To make yellow Tablets Take Amylum one pound fine Sugar half a pound yellow Sanders four ounces Saffron two ounces or you may dip the Amylum in strong tincture of Saffron and then dry it again Musk four drachms all being in fine powder make the mass into tablets with the aforesaid Mucilage adding oil of Cinnamon in drops two drachms dry them carefully in the shade IV. Another sort of yellow Tablets Take Amylum dyed with tincture of Saffron I pound Sugar half a pound Saffron two ounces Nutmegs Cinnamon Ginger of each one ounce Carroways half an ounce Musk three drachms Ambergriese one drachm all in fine powder make into tablets as aforesaid adding oil of Cinnamon two drachms which dry in the shade till they be as hard as Horns V. To make Muscardines or Tablets of any other colour You must make them after the same manner only adding the colour you do intend and in this case we think that it is better that the Amylum be dipt in the tincture and dryed first before you use it Where note that these Tablets when used are to be held in the mouth in which they will dissolve there by cheering the heart reviving the senses comforting the spirits strengthning nature restoring the body and indeed nobly perfuming the breath For them that do not love Musk you may make them without using instead thereof so much the more oil of Roses or Cinnamon CHAP. LI. Of making Pomanders for Bracelets I. THe first sort Take Orrice powder Cloves Mace Cinnamon of each half an ounce yellow Sanders Styrax sweet Assa of each two drachms Ambergriese Musk of each one drachm Balsam of Peru oil of Rhodium of each one scruple Civet two drachms all being in fine powder except the Balsam and Oil mix together and make into paste with mucilage aforesaid of which form Beads drying them in the shade for use II. The second sort Take Storax Labdanum one drachm and a half Benjamin one drachm Cloves Mace Spicknard Geranium Moschatum of each ten grains Musk Ambergriese of each six grains with mucilage make a Pomander for Bracelets III. The third sort Take Damask Rose leaves exungulated two ounces beat them impalpable Musk Ambergriese of each two scruples Civet one scruple Labdanum one drachm with mucilage of gum Tragacanth in Rose-water aforesaid make a Pomander for Bracelets IV. The fourth sort Take Storax Benjamin of each an ounce and a half Musk two drachms oil of Cinnamon one drachm with Mucilage aforesaid make a paste of Pomander very excellent CHAP. LII Of Perfuming Wash-balls I. TO make Barbers Wash-balls Take purified Venetian Soap six ounces Macaleb four ounces Ireos Amylum of each seven ounces Cloves two ounces Labdanum Anniseeds of each one ounce Nutmegs Majoram Cypress powder Geranium Moschatum Camphire of each half an ounce Storax liquida half a drachm Musk ten grains all being in fine powder with a little fine Sugar beat all in a mortar and make them up into Wash-balls II. To do the same another way Take of the said Soap two pound juice of Macaleb two ounces Cloves Orrice of each three ounces Labdanum two ounces Storax one ounce all being in fine powder mix with the Soap of which make balls drying them in the shadow III. To make Balls of white Soap Take of white Soap five pound Iris four ounces Amylum white Sanders of each three ounces Storax one ounce all in powder steep in Musk water of which make paste for Wash-balls IV. Another sort very good Take of white Soap four pound Orrice six ounces Macaleb three ounces Cloves two ounces all in powder mix with the Soap with a little oil of Spike Rhodium or the like of which make Balls V. Another way to make them of Goats fat Make a strong Lixivium of Pot-ashes as that a new laid egg will swim thereupon which boil with Citron peels take of this Lye twenty pound Goats fat two pound boil it for an hour then strain it through a linnen cloth into broad platters of fair water exposing it to the Sun mix it often every day till it begins to grow hard of which you may form balls which you may perfume with Musk half a drachm Civet one scruple oil of Cinnamon ten grains VI. To purifie Venetian Soap Cut it small to which put some Rose water or other perfuming water boil them a while then strain it and it will be sweet and good then take off the Soap which swims a top with a spoon and lay it upon a tyle and it will presently be dry being white free from filth and unctuosity VII Another way to do the same Grate the Soap and dry it in the Sun or an Oven powder and sierce it then moisten it with some sweet water or oil of Spike which dry again in the shadow and keep it for use CHAP. LIII Of Perfuming Soaps I. TO make white musked Soap Take white Soap purified as aforesaid three pound Milk of Macaleb one ounce Musk Civet of each ten grains mix them and make all into thick Cakes or rouls II. Another kind of sweet Soap Take of the oldest Venice Soap which scrape and dry three days in the Sun purifying it as aforesaid two pound Ireos Amylum of each six ounces Storaxliquida two ounces mix them well whilest hot which put into pans to form Cakes III. To make soft Soap of Naples Take of Lixivium of Pot-ashes so strong as to bear an egg sixteen pound Deers Suet two pound set them upon the fire to simper put all into a glased vessel with a large bottom set it in the Sun for a while stirring it five or six times a day with a stick till it wax hard like paste Then take of this paste to which put Musked Rose water keep it eight days in the Sun stirring it as aforesaid so long as it may be neither too hard nor too soft then put it up in boxes or pots IV. To make the same Soap musked Put to the said Soap Rose water two pound fine musk in powder half a drachm then mix the said water as before V. Another exquisite
twenty times lastly take Musk and Ambergriese a sufficient quantity which mix with oil of Jasemin Benjamin or Ben dissolve at the fire with a little perfumed water with which with a pencil strike the Gloves or Leather over on the outside besmearing the seams with Civet lasty lay them for six or eight days between two mattresses so will the Skins or Gloves â—e excellently perfumed II. Another way very excellent Take three pints of Wine Sheeps suet or fat one pound boil them together in a vessel close covered this done wash the Griese six or seven times well with fair water then boil it again in White-wine and Rose water of each one pound and a half with a small fire till the half be consumed then take the said griese to which put pulp of sweet Navews roasted half a pound boil all in Rose water half an hour then strain it and beat it in a mortar with a little oil of Jasâ—min and Musk with which besmear your Gloves after due washing as aforesaid rubbing it well in by the fire III. Another way for Gloves Wash new Corduban Gloves wash them well three or four days once a day in good White-wine pressing and smoothing them well lastly wash them in musked water letting them lye therein for a day then dry them with care This done steep Musk Amber Bazil of each one drachm in a quart of sweet water in which dissolve gum Tragacanth three drachms boil all gently together and in the boiling add Zibet one scruple with which besmear the Gloves rubbing and chafing it in then drying them according to Art IV. Or thus First wash the Gloves or Skins in white-wine then dry them in the shade then wash them in sweet water mixed with oil of Cloves and Labdanum of each alike lastly take Musk Civet Ambergriese of each the quantity of six grains oil of Musk half a drachm mucilage of gum Tragacanth fifteen grains mix them well together in a mortar which chafe into the wash'd Gloves before the fire V. Cloths Linnen or Woolen Coffers Trunks and the like are best perfumed with little cost with the â—â—oak of burning Perfumes CHAP. LVIII Of making various sorts of Ink. I. TO make good black writing Ink. Take ponderous galls three ounces in powder White-wine or in place thereof rain water which is better three pound infuse them in the Sun or in a gentle heat two days then take Roman Vitriol well coloured and powdred which put therein and set all in the Sun for two days more shake all together to which add of good gum Arabick in little bits one ounce with a little white Sugar which dissolve over a gentle fire II. To make red writing Ink. Take Raspins of Brazil one ounce white lead Alom of each two drachms grind and mingle them infuse them in Urine one pound with gum Arabick eight scruples III. Another way to make red Ink. Take Wine-vinegar two pound Raspings of Brazil two ounces Alom half an ounce infuse all ten days then gently boil to which add gum Arabick five drachms dissolve the Gum strain and keep it for use IV. To make green Ink to write with Make fine Verdigriese into paste with strong Vinegar and infusion of green galls in which a little gum Arabick hath been dissolved let it dry and when you would write with it temper it with infusion of green Galls aforesaid V. Another way to make green Ink to write with Dissolve Verdigriese in Vinegar then strain it and grind it with a little honey and mucilage of gum Tragacanth upon a porphyry stone VI. To make blew Ink to write with Grind Indico with honey mixed with glair of eggs or glew water made of Ising lass dissolved in water and strained VII To make red writing Ink of Vermilion Grind Vermilion well upon a porphyry stone with common water dry it and put it into a glass vessel to which put Urine shake all together let it settle then pour off the Urine and putting on more Urine repeat this work eight or ten times so will the Vermilion be well cleansed to which put glair of Eggs to swim on it above a fingers breadth stir them together and setling abstract the glair then put on more glair of eggs repeating the same work eight or ten times also to take away the scent of the Urine lastly mix it with fresh glair and keep it in a glass vessel close stop'd for use When you use it mix it with water or vinegar VIII To make Printers black This is made by mingling Lamp black with liquid Varnish and boiling it a little which you may make thick at pleasure You must make it moister in winter than in Summer and note that the thicker Ink makes the fairer letter If it be too thick you must put in more Linseed oil or oil of Walnuts so may you make it thicker or thinner at pleasure IX To make red Printing Ink. Grind Vermilion very well with the aforesaid liquid Varnish or Linseed oil X. To make green Printing Ink. Grind Spanish green with the said Varnish or Linseed oil as aforesaid And after the same manner may you make Printers blew by grinding Azure with the said Linseed oil CHAP. LIX Of making Sealing Wax I. To make red Sealing Wax Take white Bees wax one pound Turpentine three ounces Vermilion in powder well ground oil Olive of each one ounce melt the wax and Turpentine let it cool a little then add the rest beating them well together II. To do the same otherwise This is done by taking away the Vermilion and adding instead thereof red Lead three ounces to the former things III. To make green Wax Take Wax one pound Turpentine three ounces Verdigriese ground Oil Olive of each one ounce complete the work by the first Section IV. To make black Wax Take Bees Wax one pound Turpentine three ounces black earth Oil Olive of each one ounce mix and make Wax as aforesaid V. To make Wax perfumed This is done by mixing with the Oil Olive aforesaid Musk Ambergriese or any other eminent Perfume as oil of Cinnamon adeps Rosarum or the like one drachm more or less according as you intend to have its scent extended VI. After the same manner you may make Scaling wax of all colours having what scent you please by mixing the scent intended with the Oil Olive and putting the colour in in place of the Vermilion CHAP. LX. Of the various ways of making Artificial Pearls I. THe first Way Dissolve mother of Pearl in spirit of Vinegar then precipitate it with oil of Sulphur per Campanum not with Oleum Tartari for that takes away the splendor which adds a lustre to it dry the precipitate and mix it with whites of eggs of which mass you may make Pearls of what largeness you please which before they be dry bore through with a silver Wire so will you have pearls scarcely to be discerned from those which are truly natural II. The second way Take Chalk
put it into the fire letting it lye till it breaks grind it impalpable and mix it with whites of eggs of which form pearls boring them as aforesaid dry them then wet and cover them with leaf silver III. The third way Take prepared Crabs eyes ground into impalpable powder and with glair make Pearls which bore as aforesaid dry them and boil them in Cows milk then in the shade free from dust dry them well they will please IV. The fourth Way Take potters earth and make them of what form you please dry them in the Sun or in the gentle heat of a furnace then wet them with glair of eggs lightly coloured with Bole armoniack and cover them with leaves of filver being first wet with water when they are dry polish them with a tooth and they will be Oriental Then take bits of Parchment and wash them in warm water till the water grows somewhat thick boil and strain it and use it warm then fasten each pearl through its hole upon a fine piece of wire and plunge them into the water of Parchment taking them out again then turn them round that the glewy liquor may equally cover them thus the silver whiteness will the better shine through so that the pearls will seem to be truly natural and being compared will rather exceed V. The fifth Way Calcine Muscle and snail shells in a Crucible till they are very white even as snow with glair make Pearls which bore by the first Section dry them in the Sun dip them in red wine dry them again and they will be fair VI. The sixth Way Take Sublimate two ounces Tin-glass one ounce mix them and sublime them together and you will have a sublimate not inferiour to the best orient Pearls in the world of which with glair you may form what you please VII The seventh Way Take any of the aforesaid particulars and mix them instead of glair with ground Varnish made of gum Animae and the Alcool of wine of which make pearls these will in all respects be like the natural for these will no more dissolve in water than the truly natural which all those that are made of glair of eggs are unavoidably subject to VIII The eighth Way After dissolution precipitation edulcoration siccation and formation put the pearls into a loaf of bread and bake it in the Oven with other bread so long till the loaf is much burnt then take them out and wash them first in good juice of Limons then in clear Spring water and they will be as fair as the truly natural Or after baking give them to pidgeons to eat keeping them close up and in the dung you will find the pearl exceeding fair where note you must give the pidgeons nothing to eat in three days time IX The ninth Way After dissolution of small oriental pearls in juice of Limons make the form thereof with clarified honey moistning your hand with Aqua Mellis this done perfect them as before X. The tenth Way Take filtrated juice of Limons powder of pearl of each six ounces Talk one ounce put them into a glass and stop it close set it fifteen days in horse-dung and it will be a white paste of which form pearl bore them and dry them in the Sun at last in paste of barley meal viz. a barley loaf four fingers thick stick the pearl so that they may not touch stop the holes and cover them with paste set it into an Oven and bake it with bread and you will find them hard and clear XI The eleventh Way Having formed them of the matter intended bored and dryed them put them into to Quicksilver set over a glowing heat stirring them well about that the Quicksilver may stick to them then dip them into glair of eggs upon a glowing heat and they are done or being dry boil them in Linseed oil and wash them in warm water XII The twelfth Way Take pearl three ounces prepared Salt one ounce filtrated juice of Limons so much as will cover them four fingers breadth let it stand so long till it be a paste the glass being very close stopped shake all together five or six times a day and when it comes to a paste put it into a glass with strong spirit of Vinegar lute another glass over it digest it three weeks in a cool place under the earth so long till all be dissolved then mix it with a little oil of eggs or snail water till it be like pearl in colour then put this paste into silver moulds and close them up for eight days after which take them out and bore them by the first Section and put them again into the mould for eight days this done boil them in a silver porringer with milk lastly dry them upon a plate in a warm place where neither wind nor dust may come and they will be much fairer than any oriental pearl XIII The thirteenth Way After the preparation of the matter in juice of Limons or Aqua fortis with clean hands make them into paste and wash them in distilled water which put into edulcorate calx of silver and digest in Horse-dung for a month so will they be fair and very oriental XIV The fourteenth Way Dissolve the matter in Aqua fortis which let over-top it a fingers breadth in a glass gourd till all be incorporated into one body which put into silver moulds which have holes through them and having stood one day bore them through the holes as they lie in the mould with a silver needle being quite dry take them out put them into a glass close covered in the Sun till they be quite dry then put them upon a silver wire and let them lie covered in their own fat that is that fatty substance which swims on the top of the menstruum in their dissolution so long till they are very fair then being strung put them into a glass egg and let them stand nine days in digestion and they will be as fair as the natural XV. The fifteenth Way Take Tobacco-pipe clay of which form little beads by the fourteenth Section dry them in the Sun and burn them in a potters surnace then cover them with Bole armoniack tempered with whites of eggs being dry dip them in water lay on leaf silver which dry again and polish them with a tooth then take clean shavings of parchment cut small and washed well with warm water boil them in a new pot with a slow fire till they become somewhat thick strain it and being warm put in the pearl upon a needle or fine wire that the hole may not be stopped take them out turn them round that the water or glew may not settle in one place dipping them so often drying them every time till they be thick enough and they will appear full as fair as the truly natural CHAP. LXI Of the Consummation or Perfection of the Art of Painting I. AS Invention gave way to the advancement of Art so
with which anoint any Copper vessel then put that vessel into another and set it into a digestive heat for two months after which cleanse it with a brush and water and it is done XXVI Another way to whiten Copper Take Arsnick calcined with Salt-peter and Mercury Sublimate which cast upon melted Copper and it will be white like Silver XXVII To soften Copper Melt burnt Brass with Borax in a crucible quench it in Linseed oyl and then beat it gently on an Anvil boil it again and quench it in oyl as before doing thus five or six times till it is soft enough and this will neatly unite with Gold of which you may put in more by half than you can of other Brass XXVIII To tinge with Iron a gold colour Lay in a crucible plates of Iron and Brimstone stratum super stratum cover and Lute it well and calcine in a fornace then take them out and they will be brittle put them into a pot with a large mouth and put in sharp distilled Vinegar digesting till they wax red over a gentle heat then decant the Vinegar and add new thus doing till all the Iron be dissolved evaporate the moisture in a glass Retort or Vesica and cast the remaining powder on Silver or other white Metal and it will look like Gold XXIX To make Iron or Silver of a Brass Colour Take Flowers of Brass Vitriol Sal armoniack of each alike in fine powder boil it half an hour in strong Vinegar take it from the fire and put in Iron or Silver covering the vessel till it be cold and the metall will be like to Brass and sit to be gilded or rub polished Iron with Aqua fortis in which filings of Brass is dissolved XXX To tinge Iron into a Brass colour Melt the Iron in a crucible casting upon it Sulphur vive then cast it into small rods and beat it into pieces for it is very brittle then in Aqua fortis dissolve it and evaporate the menstruum reducing the powder by a strong fire into a body again and it will be good Brass XXXI To whiten Iron First purge it by heating it red hot and quenching it in a water made of Ly and Vinegar boiled with Salt and Alom doing this so often till it is somewhat whitened The fragments of the Iron beat in a mortar till the Salt is quite changed and no blackness is left in the Liquor of it and till the Iron is cleansed from its dross then Amalgamate Lead and Quick-silver together and reduce them into a powder lay the prepared plates of Iron and this powder stratum super stratum in a Crucible cover it and lute it all over very strongly that the least fume may not come forth and put it into the fire for a day at length encrease the fire so as it may melt the Iron which will quickly be and repeat this work till it is white enough It is whitened also by melting with Lead the Marchasit or fire-stone and Arsnick If you mix a little silver with which it willingly unites with it it gives a wonderful whiteness scarcely ever to be changed any more by any art whatsoever XXXII To keep Iron from Rusting Rub it over with Vinegar mixt with Ceruse or with the marrow of a Hart if it be rusty oyl of Tartar per deliquium will presently take it away and cleanse it XXXIII To cleanse Brass Take Aqua fortis and water of each alike shake them together and with a woolen rag dipt therein rub it over then presently rub it with an oyly cloth lastly with a dry woolen cloth dipt in powder of Lapis Calaminaris it will be clear and bright as when new XXXIV To soften Iron Take Alom Sal armoniack Tartar of each alike put them into good Vinegar and set them on the fire heat the Iron and quench it therein or quench it four or five times in oyl in which melted Lead hath been put six or seven times XXXV To make Iron of a Gold colour Take Alom of Melancy in powder Sea water mix them then heat the Iron red hot and quench it in the same XXXVI To make Iron of a Silver Colour Take powder of Sal armoniack unslak'd lime mix and put them into cold water then heat the Iron red hot quench it therein and it will be as white as silver XXXVII To soften Steel to grave upon This is done with a Lixivium of Oak ashes and unslak'd Lime by casting the Steel into it and letting it remain there fourteen days Or thus Take the Gall of an Ox Man's Urine Verjuice and juice of Nettles of each alike mix them then quench steel red hot therein four or five times together and it will become very soft XXXVIII To barden Iron or Steel Quench it six or seven times in Hogs blood mixed with Goose grease at each time drying it at the fire before you dip it again and it will become very hard and not brittle XXXIX To solder on Iron Set the joints of Iron as close as you can lay them in a glowing fire and take of Venice glass in powder and the Iron being red hot cast the powder thereon and it will solder of it self XL. To counterfeit Silver Take Crystal Arsnick eight ounces Tartar six ounces Salt-peter two ounces Glass one ounce and an half Sublimate half an ounce make them severally into fine powder and mix them then take three pound of Copper in thin plates which put into a Crucible with the former powder stratum super statum to calcine covering it and luting it strongly let it stand in the furnace for about eight or ten hours then take it out and being cold break the pot and take out all the matter and melt it with a violent fire casting it into some mold Then take purged Brass two pound of the former metal one pound melt them together casting in now and then some of the aforesaid powder after which add half as much of fine silver melting them together and you have that which is desired lastly to make it as white as Silver boil it in Tartar XLI Another way to counterfeit Silver Take purified tin eight ounces Quick-silver half an ounce and when it begins to rise in the first heat take powder of Cantharides and cast into it with a lock of hair that it may burn in it being melted put into it the powder aforesaid then take it suddenly from the fire and let it cool XLII To purge the Brass It is cleansed or purged by casting into it when it is melted broken glass Tartar Sal armoniack and Salt-peter each of them by turns by little and litle XLIII To tinge Lead of a golden colour Take purged Lead one pound Sal Armoniack in powder one ounce Salt-peter half an ounce Sal Elebrot two drachms put all into a crucible for two days and it will be throughly tinged XLIV To purge Lead Melt it at the fire then quench it in the sharpest Vinegar
melt it again and quench it in the juice of Celandine melt it again and quench it in salt water then in Vinegar mixed with Sal armoniack and lastly melt it and put it into ashes and it will be well cleansed XIV To make Lead of a golden colour Put Quick-silver one ounce into a Crucible set it over the fire till it is hot then add to it of the best Leaf-gold one ounce and take it from the fire and mingle it with purified Lead melted one pound mingle all well together with an Iron rod to which put of the filterated solution of Vitriol in fair water one ounce then let it cool and it will be of a good colour Dissolve the Vitriol in its equal weight of water XLVI To take away the ringing and softness of Tin Melt the Tin and cast in some Quick-silver remove it from the fire and put it into a glass Retort with a large round belly and a very long neck heat it red hot in the fire till the Mercury sublimes and the Tin remains at bottom do thus three or four times The same may be done by calcining of it three or four times by which means it will sooner be red hot than melt XLVII To take away the softness and creaking noise of Tin This is done by granulating of it often and then reducing it again and quenching it often in Vinegar and a Lixivium of Salt of Tartar The creaking noise is taken away by melting it seven or eight several times and quenching it in Boys Urine or else oyl of Walnuts XLVIII To take away the deaf sound of Tin This is done by dissolving it in Aqua fortis over a gentle fire till the water fly away doing thus so long till it is all turned to a calx which mixed with calx of silver and reduced performs the work XLIX To make that Tin crack not Take Salt Honey of each alike and mix them melt your Tin and put it twelve or more times into it then strain out the Tin and it will purge and leave cracking put it into a crucible which lute and calcine it four and twenty hours and it will be like calx of gold L. To take away the brittleness of any Metal First calcine it and put it under dung then do thus when it is red hot at the fire or melted quench it often in Aqua vitae often distilled or use about them Rosin or Turpentine or the oyl of it or wax suet Euphorbium Myrrh artificial Borax for if a metal be not malleable unctuous bodies will oftentimes make them softer if all these or some of these be made up with some moisture into little Cakes and when the metal yields to the fire by blowing with the bellows we cast in some of them and make them thick like mud or clear thenset the Metal to the fire that it may be red hot in burning coals take it forth quench it in them so let it remain half an hour to drink in Or anoint the Metal with dogs grease and melt it with it for that will take away much of the brittleness of it and make it so that it may be hammered and wrought LI. To colour Metal like gold Take Sal armoniack White Vitriol Stone Salt Verdigriese of each alike in fine powder lay it upon the Metal then put it into the fire for an hour take it out and quench it in Urine and the Metal will have the colour of gold LII To make a kind of Counterfeited Silver of Tin This is done by mingling Silver with Tin melted with Quick-silver continuing it long in the fire then being brittle it is made tough by keeping it in a gentle fire or under hot Embers in a Crucible for about twenty four hours LIII To Solder upon Silver Brass or Iron Take Silver five peny weight Brass four peny weight melt them together for soft Solder which runs soonest Take Silver five peny weight Copper three peny weight melt them together for hard Solder Beat the Solder thin and lay it over the place to be Soldred which must be first fitted and bound together with Wire as occasion requires then take Borax in powder and temper it like pap and lay it upon the Solder letting it dry then cover it with quick coals and blow and it will run immediately then take it presently out of the fire and it is done Note 1. If a thing is to be Soldred in two places which cannot be well done at one time you must first Solder with the hard Solder and then with the soft for if it be first done with the soft it will unsolder again before the other be soldred 2. That if you would not have your Solder run about the piece to be Soldred rub those places over with Chalk LIV. To make the Silver tree of the Philosophers Take Aqua fortis four ounces fine Silver one ounce which dissolve in it then take Aqua fortis two ounces in which dissolve Quick-silver mix these two Liquors together in a clear glass with a pint of pure water stop the glass close and after a day you shall see a Tree to grow by little and little which is wonderful and pleasant to behold LV. To make the Golden tree of the Philosophers Take oyl of Sand or Flints oyl of Tartar per deliquium of each alike mix them well together then dissolve Sol in Aqua Regis and evaporate the menstruum dry the Calx by the fire but make it not too hot for then it will lose its growing quality break it into little bits not into powder which bits put into the aforesaid liquor a fingers breadth one from another in a very clear glass keep the liquor from the Air and let the Calx stand still and the bits of Calx will presently begin to grow first swell then put forth one or two stems then divers branches and twigs so exactly as you cannot but wonder to see Where note that this growing is not imaginary but real LVI To make the Steel tree of the Philosophers Dissolve Steel in rectified spirit or oyl of Salt so shall you have a green and sweet solution swelling like brimstone filter it and abstract all the moisture with a gentle heat and there will distil over a liquor as sweet as rain water for steel by reason of its dryness detains the Corrosiveness of the spirit of Salt which remaineth in the bottom like a blood red mass and it is as hot on the tongue as fire dissolve this blood red mass in oyl of Flints or Sand and you shall see it grow up in two or three hours like a tree with stem and branches If you prove this tree at the test it will yield good gold which it draweth from the oyl of Sand or Flints the said oyl being full of a pure golden Sulphur LVII To make oyl of Flints or Sand. Take of most pure Salt of Tartar in fine powder twenty ounces small Sand Flints pebbles or