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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A31747	New experiments upon vipers containing also an exact description of all the parts of a viper, the seat of its poyson, and the several effects thereof, together with the exquisite remedies, that by the skilful may be drawn from vipers, as well for the cure of their bitings, as for that of other maladies / originally written in French by M. Charas of Paris ; now rendred English.; Nouvelles expériences sur la vipère. English	Charas, Moyse, 1619-1698.	1670 (1670)	Wing C2037; ESTC R11562	84,923	245

as many Livers of Vipers dry'd in the shade and reduced to powder two drachmes of good Cinnamon half a drachme of Cloves grosly beaten put them into a strong glass-bottle holding about two pints Powr on it a pound of the Queen of Hungary's Water a pound of Melisse-water half a pound of orange-flower-Orange-flower-water and half a pound of rose-Rose-water Close the bottle exactly and expose it to the Sun for fourty dayes after which dissolve in the liquor a pound of fine Sugar and pass all through a clean bagg Put up this Elixir in a Bottle and add to it half an ounce of the Volatil Salt of Vipers well rectified twelve grains of Levant-Musk and as much of Amber-gris Close the bottle exactly and you may keep this Elixir to use it in time of need from half a spoonfull to a whole You may take of it in the morning upon an empty Stomack and at all hours according as necessity shall require This medicin is very good and very convenient It is not onely proper against all Poysons against the Plague and all Contagious and Epidemical diseases but it also fortifieth all the noble parts preserves the Natural heat in good condition and by this means the use of it conduces much to preserve Health and to prolong Life The Elixir following deserveth also to be communicated to the Public as a medicine that is not common and is very available not onely for the Sicknesses of men as well in the Brain as the stomack and all the noble parts but also very particularly for most of the diseases of Women I shall give you here the Description of it Take an ounce of good Saffron as much of fair Myrrhe as much of Aloes Socotrina and the same quantity of White Amber a drachm of the Extract of Opium and as much of the Extract of Castor Mingle your Extracts in a little Spirit of Wine pulverize all the rest and put altogether in a Glass-Body powr upon it three pounds of Spirit of wine tartarized place the Body in a Bath of Ashes fit an Head to it with its Recipient well luted together Give it a moderate fire and draw from it about the moiety of the Spirit of Wine then unlute your vessels decant the tincture that will swim above your powders which will be found very much imbued with all their qualities and keep it by itself in a bottle well-closed Powre the Spirit of Wine which you have drawn off upon the remainder in the Body Fit again to it the Head and the Recipient and draw again from it the half of the Spirit of Wine Decant again the tincture swimming a top mingle it with the first and keep it likewise Cohobate for the third time the Spirit of wine drawn off upon the remainder in the Body proceed as before and powre off the tincture swimming a top and mingle it with the former then filter all three together and powre all into a strong Viall adding to the whole an ounce of the Volatil Salt of Vipers which will easily dissolve in it keep the whole thus mix't and well closed The dose may be from ten to sixteen drops We shall yet adde to this an Opiate of great efficacy for most distempers of the Brain and t is this Take half an ounce of the Extract of the root and seed of the male-Paeony and of the true Misseltoe of the Oak and of that of Betony-flowers and of that of Clove-gilly-flowers the same quantity of each of them three drachms of the Confection of Alkermes of Mesue three drachms of the Volatil Salt of Vipers one drachme of the Volatil Salt of Succinum two drachms and an half of prepared Pearl and as much of Crabs-eyes prepar'd three drops of Cinamon-oyle and as much of the oyle of Mace Mingle all according to Art and make an Opiate of it and keep it in a pot of Fayence a sort of fine white Earthen pots well closed The dose of it may be from a scruple to a drachme You may also make in the following manner an opening and laxative Opiate that shall conduce to the cure of sundry long and stubborn diseases especially of those that are caused by several obstructions of the parts Take of the Conserve of Tamarisk-flowers of the Conserve of the Flowers of Genista or Spanish-Broom of that of Mary-gold and of that of the Male-peach flowers of each six drachms half an ounce of the Volatil Salt of Vipers as much of the Extract of the ordinary Iris root and as much of the Extract of Rubarb two drachms of the fix't Salt of Vipers as much of the Mineral Bezoar and as much of the Salt of Worm-wood a drachme and an half of Rosin of Scammony and as much of the Extract of Coloquintida and a drachme of the powder of Cinnamon Mix all these things together and adding to it as much as needs of the Syrup of Succory compounded with Rubarb you shall make an Opiate of it the Dose of which may be from one drachme to two and even to three for stronger Bodies There may also be made Pills that shall have a vertue near the former in efficacy to be taken in a less quantity Take of the Extract of Aloes made with the juyce of the cleansed flowers of Violets of the Extract of Rubarb and of that of the Levant-Sena of each two drachms as much of the Volatil Salt of Vipers as much of the Rosin of Scammony and as much of the Gumm Ammoniac in drops one drachme of Mineral Bezoar and the like quanitty of the Fixt Salt of Vipers Reduce all into a mass of Pills of which the dose shall be from half a scruple to two scruples Those whose stomach shall be troubled with tenacious humors such as could not be carryed away by Purges or other remedies those that have a nauseousness and are subject to troublesome resentments from the Stomach may to good purpose use the following powder Take of Coriander-seed that is not prepared with Vinegar according to the ill way of the Antients but such as is sold in good shops of Anis-seed of sweet Fennel-seed of the root of Lickorish well scraped and dryed of each half anounce three drachms of the Volatil Salt of Vipers and as much of Crabs-eyes prepared two drachms of the Fixt Salt of Vipers and as much of well-chosen Cinamon Bring all to a fine powder and adde to it its weight or if you will double its weight of fine powder'd sugar Close this mixture in a Glass-vessel or in one of the fine white Earthen pots and close it carefully You may take of it at a time from half a spoonfull to a whole according as you have put more or less Sugar to it You may also adde to the powder some drops of the Oyl of Anis and of the Oyl of Cinnamon and even of Musk and Ambre-gris This Volatil Salt is to very good purpose mix't among the Sneezing powders for besides that it penetrates exceedingly by its activeness it also discharges the Brain powerfully and withall fortifieth it It may be mixed with the powders of Betony Marjoram Rosemary Arabic Staechas Sage and the like not putting but a sixth part of our Volatil Salt among these powders Those that would have an Opiate proper not onely to fortify the Heart the Stomach and all the noble parts but also to expell all kind of Venom and all the impurities of the mass of Bloud and of the solid parts and to make them issue out at the pores of the skin or at the other emunctories may prepare very beneficially the following Opiate Take two ounces of the Conserve of Gilly-flowers one ounce of the Confection of Alkermes ambred and musked six drachms of the Volatile Salt of Vipers well rectified half an ounce of the Confection of Hyacinth as much of the Electuary of Diascordium three drachmes of the Mineral Bezoar and of Pearl prepar'd of Crabs-eyes prepared of the Extract of Angelica and of that of Carlina of each of these the same quantity two drachms of the Salt of Carduus Benedictus Mix all together and reduce it to an Opiate by adding to it some Syrup of kermes or the Clove-Gilly-flowers as much as needs to give a good consistence to the Composition Which you are to keep close for your occasions You may take of it for a preservative half a drachm at a time in Wine or broth but in urging sicknesses you may take of it a whole drachme and even two drachms Those that will use the Oyl which hath been drawn by Distillation may either employ it all alone or mingle it with an equal quantity of Unguentum Martiatum and even adde to it Oyles distilled of Rosemary Sage Lavender and the like Those that shall well consider these Receipts will finde therein not onely a fit proportion in the dose of all the particulars but also great cautiousness in mixing nothing with them that may destroy or change the natnre of our Volatil Salt which is the thing most to be avoided in the exhibition We might here adde many other Compositions of which the Volatil Salt of Vipers may be the Ground but we have contented ourselves to deliver these for examples knowing that there may be found divers others good enough in Books and esteeming that 't is better to prepare them upon occasion according to exigency and following the Receipts which able Physitians may prescribe thereof We have also explain'd ourselves sufficiently in all particulars We would have been more large if we had not apprehended we might exceed our bounds and undertake things which might be thought to be beyond our reach and to belong onely to knowing Physitians Those that know well to prepare this Volatil Salt of Vipers and to unite it well with the Volatil parts of Plants and with the Sulphureous parts of certain Minerals that are friendly to our nature may say that they have made some progress in their Profession We labour daily and wish our selves able in time to impart something to the publick that may be more accomplisht FINIS

Navil and there appear'd a coldness in his extreme parts and in the whole face which was covered with little drops of cold sweat his lips also were swell'd especially the lower And finding himself urged by the pains about his Navil and a disposition to go to stool he rose and having voided some excrements he vanish't away and at the same time vomited not only all the Theriaque he had taken but all he had eaten at dinner which was yet un-digested We made haste to succour him and found him so feeble that he was not able to goe up again to the chamber whence he was come down And in regard his pulse continued weak low quick and unequal and his swoundings frequent as well as his cold sweats it was thought seasonable to give him a drachm of Viper-powder in Theriacal and Carduus Benedictus water and to apply to him a great Plaister of Theriaque upon the Heart and Stomach but he soon rejected what he had taken One also came to give him some of the Orvietan mixt with new powder of Vipers but he vomited up that also and desired to be put upon a bed and to have other help administred to him During all which time he neither wanted his senses nor the use of reason notwithstanding all the feebleness of his Body and he had had great aversion to the Orvietan having no faith at all in it and not consenting to take it but out of respect to some of those that were present who had pressed it upon him This vomiting not giving time to the remedies to convey and communicate their vertue to the noble parts it was judged very proper to have recourse to the Volatile Salt of Vipers because that being very volatile and exceeding fit to be quickly conveyed to all the parts even the most remote the Patient might thence feel the effects with more speed and efficacy than from all the other grosser remedies which having been rejected as soon as they were taken had not had time to be made effectual by the stomach nor to impart their vertue where need required We therefore caused to be dissolv'd a drachm of this volatile Salt of Vipers in Theriacal and Carduus water and gave him about a quart of this mixture he kept it a little while and then cast up a part of it mingled with store of phlegme very viscous We made him take another like quantity of the same mixture which he also kept for some time and then vomited up what might have remain'd of it in his Stomach and amongst it much phlegm We continued to give him still more of the same composition as fast as he vomited it up and there were also given him several Clysters to appease the violent and stubborn pains which he felt about his Navil His lips remained still swolne his pulse naught and his sweat cold as well as his faintings continued very long but having persisted in the use of the Volatil Salt of Vipers his vomiting ceased and he kept the eighth dose in his belly which was given him about four hours after he received the mischief the symptoms lessen'd from that time the cold began little by little to retire and gave place to the natural heat which appeared sufficiently about five hours after the pricking his pulse returned and was even and strong but somewhat high It was about ten of the clock at night that the most troublesome accidents disappear'd the Patient was happy in his unhappiness in being speedily and rationally succour'd I left him not before his mortal accidents had ceased and then he was carried to his lodgings whether I accompanied him and he was put to bed and by the advice of those persons that frequently visited him during his distemper I made a mixture of one drachm of Confection of Hyacinthe and of as much of the Confection of Alkermes and of one ounce of Syrup of Limons and of four ounces of Carduus-water which was giv'n him at three times from three hours to three hours There were given him Citrons to smell to and from time to time some slices of them sugred He took good broths and drank ptisan made with Scorzonera-roots and the shavings of Harts-horn mingled with Syrup of Limons he also drank sometimes a little wine and there was dissolved of the Confection of Alkermes sometimes in his broth sometimes in his ptisane This is a thing remarkable enough that during all the great accidents his finger was not changed and there appeared not any swelling upon it but that began when those accidents ceased In the mean time the pains about the navil continued though they were in some little degree abated which obliged the Physitians often to prescribe him Clysters His belly was a little stiff but not swelled his tongue was whitish but not dry his eyes faint and wan his countenance pale and his lips still swelled The swelling of the finger extended it self that night over the whole hand which was often anointed with the Oyl of Scorpions composed by Matthiolus and mixt with the Queen of Hungarie's water but notwithstanding this anointing the tumor pass'd onto the arm the next day with pain and redness and advanced to the Eye It was thought fit to apply fomentations made with the roots of Angelica Imperatoria Carlina and Aristolochia and with the tops of Scordium Centaurium Wormwood St. Johns wort Calamint boyled in White wine and withal to continue the anointing with the said Oyle of Scorpions among these fomentations Although this was done with great care yet there appeared no great effect upon it the Patient was squeamish and once vomited up even his broth but this vomiting continued not He alwayes used the same internal and external remedies and the same food but although he found his other limbs in a good condition and his pulse very equal and moderate nor had any drought heat or pain in the rest of his body yet was that of the Navil obstinate and the swelling and the redness of the hand and arm still increased and from the beginning of the third day it had seised on the shoulder of the same side and descended to the arm-pit upon the whole breast and all the neighbouring parts and even the whole region of the Liver notwithstanding the continual use of the fomentations and the Oyle of Scorpions All these considerations joyned to the hot season wherein we were made us apprehend lest the gangrene should strike to those parts It was believed that since the outward remedies which had been judged most expedient had proved successless recourse must be had to internal ones which induced the Physitians to give him in the evening of the third day a drachm of the root of Contra-yerva in powder dissolv'd in cordial waters with as much confection of Alkermes but we saw no abatement of the redness swelling or pain on the contrary we observ'd that the swelling seem'd to seize on the left side After we had well examin'd all things we found

it very necessary to return to the use of our first inward remedy which had struck the great stroke and had had a manifest good operation I mean the Volatil Salt of Vipers This was in the morning of the fourth day after the biting So we gave him half a drachm of that Salt dissolved in four ounces of Carduus water and we order'd that he should be well covered to make him sweat This medicine did work according to our expectation and desire for the Patient not onely did sweat abundantly but found a very considerable amendment in all the ill Symptoms that had remain'd His pain about the navil was almost not sensible the tumor of his Lips and that which was in the region of the Liver Breast and under the Arm-pits vanish't and that of the shoulder Arm and Hand was much abated as well as the redness and pain We thence judg'd that we should certainly cure the rest and to compass it we gave the next morning to our Patient a like dose of that Volatil Salt of Vipers which made him sweat again very largely the pain of the Navil ceased altogether the swelling of the shoulder was wholly gone and that of the whole arm and hand was yet much more abated as well as the redness and pain And not to leave the cure imperfect though the patient found himself exceedingly amended we gave him the next day another such dose again and the day following one more whereby the whole swelling all the redness and all the pain of the arm hand and the finger itself were dissipated Mean while there was applyed to the finger a little plaister to cicatrize the incisions that had been made there and which were healed three or four dayes after Which did not hinder the Patient to goe abroad and to doe his business as well as if he had never been bitten by the Viper Those that shall read this History and examine all the circumstances of it the several and surprising accidents of the biting of the Viper which we saw and the effectual operation of the remedies employed to remove them will therein find ample matter to exercise their reasoning upon and will soon judge that we had cause accurately to inquire as we have done into all the parts of a Viper to know them well and what they can doe to make a great number of Experiments upon all its parts and to apply ourselves to the preparation of the excellent remedies that may be drawn from the body of this Animal The Extraordinary effect of its Volatil Salt in stopping and in overcoming first of all the Venome which so violently exercised its tyranny over the natural heat and all the noble parts and which doubtless would have altogether triumphed over them the activity penetration and force of the same Salt going to find out the poyson and expelling it from the remotest parts of the body where it had fortified itself and whence it endeavoured to regain the place it had lost and where in the mean time it seem'd to despise the ordinary most powerful remedies All this I say is sufficient to make it to be wondred at and men will doubtless averr that the ill which Vipers are able to cause and which every one may easily avoide is nothing in comparison of such a remedy as the same Vipers can furnish and which may serve not onely to heal their bitings but also to overcome many other obstinate diseases against which the ordinary remedies perform nothing not to speak of many other good preparations made of Vipers which we intend to describe hereafter EXPERIMENTS Of the Biting of Vipers upon other Animals CHAPT II. Experiments upon Dogs THE effects that are surprising are wont sensibly to touch the Minds of Men and they are they which excite the Curious to inquire into the Cause of them and although this do alwayes precede those yet it would not be known and we should not so much as be aware that it was if the effects thereof did not first appear Being therefore to treat of the Biting of Vipers we hope it will not be thought amiss if we begin with the recitation of the Experiments by the Examples of its effects And not to be tedious to the Reader having reviewed all that hath been experimented at my house both the last and this year I shall confine my self to what I think deserves most to be communicated what serveth most to our purpose and what may give most satisfaction to the Curious One of the most considerable Experiments was made on a Dog which was bitten by an angred Viper at the upper lipp The dog was not much moved at it at first but little by little grew sad and his jaw began to swell a little while after he vomited up the last food he had taken and dunged Then some bread flesh and water being offred him he would touch none of it he remain'd in a prostrate posture without complaining the place of the pricking waxed livid and this lividness extended it self to the neck and as far as the breast as did also the swelling At length he dyed but not till fourty hours were past after the biting His belly appear'd not swoln and without we observ'd nothing extraordinary but the tumour and lividness in the part prick't and thereabout The Dog being opened after his death we found in the tronc of the vena cava a little bloud curdled and we noted that the rest of the bloud in this place in the heart and every where else was of a dark colour and of a very ill consistence as if it were blood in part dissolv'd and corrupted The Stomach appear'd of a darkish colour but the Mesentery and the Gutts were darker We found no alteration in the Heart Liver Lungs nor the Spleen all these parts being of a very fine colour and in their natural condition The Biting of a Dog at the Ear. THis Dog howled from the time he felt the biting and continued his howling for half an hour then he ceased to howl and to complain The place prick't wax'd livid and swell'd as also did the Neighbouring parts This dog vomited not but voided some excrements which seemed natural He would neither eat nor drink no more then the first and he soon dyed having liv'd no longer then twenty four hours after he had been bitten We saw outwardly nothing un-common but the lividness and swelling at the neighbouring part and thereabout But having opened him we found all the inward parts in the same condition with those of the former dog 'T is true we did not finde in this dog any coagulated blood neither in the heart nor the vena cava nor else where but it was of an obscure colour and of an odd consistence and in a visible disposition to coagulate Another biting of a Dog WE had a Dog bitten by an irritated Viper at the tip of his Nose the dog howled when he felt himself bitten but was soon appeased falling to

in a bottle exactly closed to use it upon occasion This Salt thus rectified smells not of Fire and hath nothing but its own natural strong and penetrating scent There may perhaps be found Artists who will take it ill that we have been so large and so particular in exactly setting down all the things that are to be observed in preparing and rectifying this Salt But it is not for them that we have done it but for those who not knowing it will be glad to learn it We have given them sincerely the true means used by ourselves which they may also practise in preparing and rectifying the Salts of the parts of all Animals Those that have any tincture of Chymistry will here find enough to teach themselves as we have done and do daily Mean time they must not be offended that there remain with us upon this subject such things which could not be said nor well comprehended but by those that have labour'd a great while in this Art Intelligent persons that shall examine our proceeding or have a mind to experience the same will find our ingenuousness by finding the success of all we have made them expect together with the facility we give of the Operation They will also find that our way of filling the Retort as far as the neck is more proper than that of leaving a third part empty as some would have it in the Distillation of the Bones Horns and other dry parts of Animals although those that understand it practice it not but in matters that will melt and may break the Retort or let something run out by the beak when 't is fill'd too high But in dry substances as are our Vipers and the Horns and Bones of Animals Crabs-eyes Stones and the like it is enough to leave this neck empty to give vent to the parts raised from the matter and that are to go into the Recipient They will also acknowledge that our way to leave the Oyl among the other substances when we will sever them by subliming and rectifying them is not without reason in regard that the Oyl hath commonly with it much Volatile Salt which leaves it and afterward riseth in the Rectification We esteem also that this Preparation will be preferr'd before many others that are operose and have little method in them and among others before the Rectification which some pretend to make by the addition of Spirit of Salt to the Phlegme and to that which is call'd Spirit and to the Volatil Salt which instead of rectifying this Salt and of making it purer and better changes its nature and instead of subliming it to the Head and the top of the Body as they have pretended it did after the Phlegm was risen the Spirit of Salt riseth it self in its first form in its smell colour and taste leaving at the bottom the Salt which is there found like fixed having the tast and the other qualities of the Spirit of Salt but being lessen'd of two thirds of its weight That kind of men have fill'd Books with many Preparations they understand not nor have experimented For forgetting among other things in the process of this such methods as are absolutely necessary and without which they do nothing they promise impossible successes and putting the Cart before the Horses they fix the Salt when they pretend to sublime it and so very unadvisedly prostitute themselves to shame and confusion For instead of rectifying first the Volatile Salt as more intelligent men might have taught them of whom they had borrowed this Preparation and of subliming it and of separating it by this means from other parts they labouring to disguise the Process have retrenched the main and most necessary part of it and employed at the very first that method which they should have observ'd to fix it believing that that would sublime it not considering that having by that means inverted nature the success would prove answerable to it I set a side their unwarrantable practice of adding a pound of luke-warm water among the substances found in the Recipient after the first distillation since it is an Augmentation not onely useless but troublesome of that Phlegme which must needs be separated Now although one part of this Salt remaining in the Body of the Limbec may yet afterwards becom Volatil by mixing it with some Lixiviat Salt and making it to sublime yet that is not done but with a new and very great loss of its weight nor is the taste of it better than of that which shall have been well rectified according to the method we have before described since the Lixiviat Salts by reviving it in part give it as displeasing a smel as the former We may further add here that the use of tall and strait-neck't Bodies is much more proper for this Rectification than the use of Matrasses with long necks myself having experimented that the Phlegme fals back again more easily and that the Volatil Salt riseth purer in the Bodies of our fashion of which the Figure may be seen on the Title page where also is that of the Retort and the Recipient for the first Distillation Now although the same men that have given us cause to reprehend them have affirmed contrary to truth that there is no fix't Salt in the parts of Animals To prove that there is and to benefit by that of the Viper Take what shall remain in the Retort commonly called the Caput Mortuum which you will find of the form and colour of Coales calcine it in a Furnace or to save expences in a Potters Oven till all become white and of the form of Chalk pulverize it well and make it boyl in a competent quantity of water that may receive and dissolve the Salt filter it and make it euaporate and consume You 'l find at the bottom a coagulated Salt though in a small quantity and such an one as that of five pounds of Viper-bones well calcin'd we have obtain'd no more than three ounces of fix't Salt This Salt hath a very sharp and poynant taste it is Lixiviat and approaching enough in divers regards to the fixt Salt of Tartar You 'l find on the Filter the Terrestrial part stripp'd of all its vertue which then may justly be call'd Caput Mortuum And thus you 'l have the Phlegme that which is call'd Spirit the Volatil Salt the Oyl the Fixt Salt and the Earth into which all the parts of the Viper have been reduced in their separation CHAP. VII Of the Fixation of the Volatil Salt of Vipers ALthough the Volatile Salt of Vipers have in it to speak truth nothing offensive but its strong and piercing Smell and that those who shall take into their mouth the weight of a good number of grains cannot receive from it any other trouble but that of this Sent which yet soon passeth away this Salt leaving afterwards a saline and very agreeable taste yet notwithstanding many persons offended with the piercing odour which is