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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A06911	The complete farriar, or The kings high-way to horsmanship Experimentally unfolding 1. The dyeting and governing of the running horse. 2. How to order, feed, and keep any horse for war, pleasure, hunting, or travell. 3. How to know the age of any horse. Lastly, certaine rare and approved secrets for the cure of the worst infirmities in horses. By G. Markam.; Discource of horsmanshippe. Abridgments	Markham, Gervase, 1568?-1637.	1639 (1639)	STC 17341; ESTC S121248	46,187	190

two daies then the third day open the hose at the top but stirre not the poultus onely take molten hogsgrease hot as the Horse can suffer it and with a spoone lade it unto the poultus on every side till it will receive no more for this wil renew the strength of the poultus then close up the top of the hose and so let the horse stand other 2. daies or 3. then you may open the leg and rub it downe and if strong occasion you may apply another new poultus if not your cure is wrought Now if besides the swelling of his legs your horse hath ulcers and chaps as scratches paines mules or the like then you shall first apply the former poultus in al respects as aforesayd then after five or six daies application when you take the poultus away you shall take a quart of old urine and put to it an handful of salt as m●ch Allome halfe an ounce of whi●● copporice and boyle all well t● gether then with this water very hot wash the sores once or twice a day and after a little drying ●noint them with the ointment called Aegyptiacum and is made o●wi● neger 8 ounces of honey 12 ounces of verdigrease two ounce● of Allome one ounce and an halfe boyled to that height till it come to a red salve And it will both kill the malignant humours and also heale and dry up the sores CHAP. XXVII For gourdings swellings and paine in the joynts MAke a very strong brine of water and salt and to a quart thereof put two or three handfulls of Rew and boyle it till the hearb be soft then with this water very hot bathe the grieved part well Then take a flat bagge filled with salt and he ated hot at the fire and lap it about the griefe also then roule it up and thus doe once or twice a day and it is a good cure CHAP. XXVIII Another approved cure for the scratches or any disease of that nature as Mallander sellander c. TAke of hogsgrease and blacke-soape of ●●●● eight ounces of 〈…〉 stone of lime of ●●Spand●● powder of each three ounces ●●● of soote as much as will suffic● to bring the rest to a salve boyle the hogsgrease and soap together and bring the other hard simples to a fine powder and so mixe all together and make a blacke oyntment with this anoynt the so●● once a day after they are clea●●ed and made raw CHAP. XXIX For any splente spaven curbe ●ing-bone or any hard knot or ex●rescion FIrst having taken viewe of the excrescion clip away the haire as far as the excrescion go●th and a little thought more then ●ake a peece of Allomd-leather ●ade as bigge just as the place you ●ave bared and fitted to the same ●roportion then take a little shoo●akers waxe and spread it round ●bout the very edge or verge of ●he same leaving all the inward or ●iddle part empty and not toucht with the waxe according to this ●igure O Then take of the hearb Spear-grasse which hath the ver●ue to raise blisters and bruising it in a morter lay some thereof upon the leather in the voyd and emptie place which ought to containe the just quantity of the kne● or excression and binde it fa● thereon suffering it to lie if i●● in the spring or summer time whe● the hearbe hath its full strength and vertue about halfe a 〈…〉 if it bee in the winter 〈◊〉 hearb hath lesse vertue 〈◊〉 if to renew the strength of t●● hearb you ad to it a drop or t● of the oyle of Origanum and ● it lie halfe a day fully And ●● sure to tye up the horses head tw● or three houres for feare of ●●ting it away When you have taken off t●● plaster anoynt the place wi● Trayn-oyle warme and you sh● finde no excression CHAP. XXX Another cure for splent spaven c. and to drie up windgalls or swellings FIrst hea●e the Sarrance with an hot pressing Iron then vent it in severall places with your ●leame then take a spoonfull of ●alt halfe a spoonfull of Nerve●yle a penny waight of verdi●rease and the white of an egge ●eate all to a salve and dipping ●ax hurds therein apply it to the ●riefe and it helpeth CHAP. XXXI An approved cure for the swift cut or any hewing on the leg and 〈◊〉 heale any wound TAke a pinte of 〈…〉 wine and put 〈…〉 or three 〈…〉 honey and stirre the● well together then boy 〈◊〉 till they come to the body of an oyntment then take it from the fire and put to it halfe so 〈◊〉 turpentine as there was honey and stirre all well together then ●tra● it and with this salve 〈…〉 hot anoynt the sores twice or thrice a day and it is a most speedy healer CHAP. XXXII To heal saddle bruises hard swellings and all sorts of Impostumations FInst ●ipen it with rotten Litter or wet Hay then when it is soft open it to let out the corruption then fill the hollownesse with the powder of Rozen and lay a plaster of shooemakers waxe over it and thus doe once in twenty foure houres till it be whole If it be slow in skinning or drying up take a spoonfull or two of thick creame and mix it with soot till it be a salve and anoynt it therwith and it will drie and skinne presently CHAP. XXXIII For any maunge scab or ●●pr●sie wheresoever FIrst let blood then take a quart of old urine o●●ineger and breake 〈◊〉 it a quarter of a pound or better of the best Tobacco then set it on a fire of embers where it may simmer and not boyle and so let it stew all an whole night then with this water wash the infected places wheresoever they be and it is a certaine remedy CHAP. XXXIIII For the foulest and most desperate Farcie that may be TAke hearb of grace and the hearbe Cley-Cleys which is a weed growing by the water-side having a great broad round leafe and is green on the upper side and white on the nether of each of them take an equall quantity beat them in a morter and strain them then to a pinte of this juyce put halfe a pinte of the juyce of housleek and half a pinte of Aquavitae and two good spoonfulls of pepper beaten and finely searc't of this liquor take a pinte and give it the horse to drink then with round plediants of flax dipt in the same stop both his eares then with the strained bruisings of all the hearbs rub the sores and stop the holes if there bee any hollownesse doe thus twice at the least and oftner if you finde occasion CHAP. XXXV For any founder f●eltize su●●ait or any imperfection in the feet FIrst pare thin open the heels wide and take good st●r● of blood from the toes then 〈◊〉 on a shooe somewhat hollow after take of the best frankincen●e and rouling it in a little fine cotten wooll or bumbast with an hot Iron melt it into the foot betwin the shooe and the toe till the o●●fice where the blood was taken be filled up then take halfe a pound of hogsgrease and melt it on the fire then mix it with wheat 〈◊〉 till it be as thick as a poultus then boyling it hot as is possible stop up the horse foot there with then cover it with a peece of an ould shooe and splent it up and so let the horse stand for three or foure dayes then if occasion serve you may renew it otherwise the cure is wrought CHAP. XXXVI To make hoofes grow quickly and to be tough and strong TAke of Allome beaten and of the juyce of garlick of each seven ounces of hearbe of grace three handfulls of old hogsgrease two pound of Asses dung or for want of it Cow dung an handfull mingle them and boyle them all well together then with this both stop the horses feeet and anoynt the crownets of the hoofes the medicine being hot and the effect is great CHAP. XXXVII A generall salve for any s●re or swelling prick cloynige or treade TAke Turpentine blacksoape hogsgrease green Treate and Pitch of each like quantity mix and boyle them all well together and apply it warme to the griefe either plaster wise or tent wise The best of Secrets CHAP. XXXVIII For decayed rotten or over strained lungs which wee call broken-winded or for any old drie cough of long continuance TAke halfe a pinte of the water of Colts-foot and put unto it ten drops or at the utmost not above a dram of Balsamum sulphuris and give it the horse in the morning fasting then ride him a little gently after it bee sure to keepe warme and give no cold water without exercise Do thus every other morning till you find amendment CHAP. XXXIX How to make Balsamum sulphuris TAke an ounce of the oyl of Turpentine and an ounce of the flower of brimstone and put them into a violl then set it on a fire of embers or hot ashes and th●●e let it stew till the brimstone be dissolved and incorporate with the oyl and become a red unguent Of this take a full dramme at the least CHAP. XL. Another of Saint Anthonies cures for any straine or swelling TAke Commin-seede and bruise it grosse and boyle it with the oyle of camomile then adde to it so much yellow waxe as will bring it to the bodie of a Cer●ot or gentle plaster and spread it on either cloth or leather and very hot apply it to the griefe and renew it not above once in two or three dayes It is a wonderfull soveraigne for any straine in a man also CHAP. XLI An approved cure for the swiftcut or any hewing on the legs TAke a pinte of white-wine and put to it two or three spoonfulls of honey and boylethem till they bee well incorporated together then straine it and with this water some what hot bathe the sores twice or thrice a day and it is a most speedy heale● FINIS The three estates of Horses bodies Times for matching Particular estates of Bodies Matching of a foule Horse Of dro●● sing

mētioned before You shall keepe his heating daies the first weeke of this last fortnight in such wise as you did in the former fortnight but the last week you shall forbeare one heat and not give him any heat five daies before his match at the lea●t onely you shall give him long and strong ayerings to keepe him in winde You shall not need this Fortnight to give him any scowring at all If this fortnight morning and evening you burne upon a c●●●ingdish and coals in your Stable of the purest Oliba●●m or Fr●●●incens● mixt with Storax and Benjamine to perfume and sweeten the Roome you shall finde it exceeding wholsome for the Horse and he will take wonderfull delight therein In this fortnight when you give your horse any washt meat wash it not in Ale or Beere but in the whites of eggs or muskadine for that is more wholsome and lesse pursey This fortnight give your horse no Hay at all but what he taketh out of your hand after heats and ayrings and that must be in little quantity and cleane dusted and drest unlesse he be an exceeding evill feeder marvailous tender and a great belly-looser The last week of this fortnight if your Horse bee a foule feeder you must use the muzell continually but if he be a cleane feeder and will touch no litter then three daies before your match is a convenient time for the use of the muzell The morning the day before your match feed well both before and after ayring and water as at other times before noone and after noone scant his proportion of meat a little before and after evening ayrings feed as at noone water as at other times but be sure to come home before sunne set This day you shall cool your Horse shooe him and doe all extraordinary things of ornament about him provided there be nothing to give him offence or to hinder him in resting in emptying or any other naturall or beneficiall action It is true I have heard some horsmen say that when they had put on the muzell shod their horses with light shooes and done other actions of ornament about them the night before the course that their Horses have taken such speciall notice thereof that they have refused both to eat and lye downe But I feare there is a great mistake in this conceit for it is not the thing as the muzell the shooes and other trifles which drawes on these apprehensions but the abuse and misuse of them as when the muzel is too close unsavoury or suffocats and over-heats the Horse which the netmuzell never doth when the shooes stand uneasie or any other toy of curiosity that gives offence then no question but these accidents happen for mine own part touching the nice and straight pla●ing up of horses tailes in the manner of Sackers or docks which is now in generall use howsoever the ornament may appeare great to the eie yet I do not much affect it because I know if an ignorant hand have the workmanship thereof he may many waies give offence to the Horse and in avoyding cumbersomnesse breed a great deale more cumber therefore I wish every one rather to avoyd curiosity which we call necessary ornament then by these false graces to doe injury to the Horse Now for the necessary and indifferent things which are to be done to the Horse I would rather have them done the day before then on the morning of the course because I would have the Horse that morning to finde no trouble or vexation Late at night you shall feed as you did in the morning Now I do not set you down exactly what meat to feed withall because you must bee ruled according to the Horses stomack and what meat hee best liketh of that give him most either of the simple or with any other compounded yet observing that the meate which is lightest of digestion is fittest for this purpose and the more at this time you forbeare Beanes and bread the better it is The next morning which is the match day come to your horse before day take off his muzzle rub his head well and give him a pretty quantity of Oats washt in muskadine if he will eat them or in the whites of eggs or if hee refuse both then trie him with fine drest Oats mixt with a little wheat or with your lightest bread as for beans forbear them Of any of these foods give him such a quantity as may keepe life and soule together then if hee be an evill emptier and will retaine meat long you may walke him abroad and in the places where he used to emptie there entice him to emptie which assoone as hee hath done bring him home put on his muzzle let him rest till you have warning to make ready and leade forth but if hee be a good and free emptying Horse then you need not stirre him but let him lie quiet When you have warning to prepare for leading out come to your Horse and having washt his navell in a little Muskadine take off his muzzle and bridle him up but before you bridle if you think your Horse too emptie you may give him three or foure mouthes full of the washt meat last spoke of then bridle him up and dresse him after having pircht your saddle and girthes with shoomakers waxe set it on his backe and girt it as gently as may be so as he may have a feeling but no straightnesse then lay a very white sheet over the saddle next his skinne and over it his ordinary cloathes then his body-cloth and brest-cloth and wispe them round about with soft wisps then if you have a countepoint or cloth of state for bravery sake let it bee fastned above all when this is done and you are ready to draw out then take halfe a pinte of the best muskadine and give it him with an horne and so lead him away In your leading upon the course use gentle and calme motion suffering the Horse to smell upon every dung that thereby hee may emptie himselfe And in especiall places of advantage as where you finde Rushes long Grasse Lyng Heath or the like walke your Horse and entice him to pisse but if you finde no such help then in especiall places upon the course and chiefly towards the latter end and having used the same meanes before breake some of your wispes under the Horses bellie and so make him pisse Also in your leading if any white or thick foame or froth arise about the horses mouth you shall with a cleane handkerchiefe wipe it away and carrying a small bottle of cleere water about you wash your horses mouth now and then therewith When you come to the place of start before you turle or uncloath the horse rub and chafe his legs with hard wisps then pick his feet then wash his mouth with water then uncloath him mount his Rider start faire and then refer all the rest to Gods good will and pleasure CHAP. XI Certaine

and so let him rest till evening onely receiving his Hay if there bee occasion At evening dresse him well as in the morning then ride him forth to water and do as you did in the morning When you come home and have cloathed him up let him stand on his bridle as before then give him the former quantity of provender and so let him rest till nine a clock at night at which time give him the former quantity of provender and a pretty bundle of Hay and so let him rest till morning Thus you shall doe concerning his ordinary keeping at home where the Horse hath rest and that you may dispose of houres as you please but if you be either in travell in sport or other occasion so that you cannot observe these particular times then you must divide the maine and whole quantity of meate into foure parts and greater quantities and so give them at the best coveniency ever observing to give the least quantitie before exercise as a third part before mounture and the two other after you come to rest nor would I have you to distract your minde with any doubt or amazement because I prescribe you five severall times of feeding in one day as if it should either over-charge you or over-feed your Horse questionlesse there is no such matter when you looke into the true proportion for it cannot be denied but whosoever is worthy of a good Horse or good means to keep a good Horse cannot allow him lesse then one peck a day nay the Carrier Carter Poulter and Packhorse will allow halfe a pecke at a watering and this allowance which I set downe comes to no more for fifteene pintes of Oats and one pinte ofspelt beanes up-heaped makes two gallons and that is one pecke Winchester measure now to give it at twice fills the stomack more makes the digestion worse and the appetite weake whereas to give lesse but more oft the stomacke is ever craving the digestion alwaies ready and the appetite never wanting so that health without disorder can never be a stranger therefore once againe thus much for ordinary keeping But if you intend to give the Horse an heate as to hunt gallop travell or the like which I would wish you to doe once twice or thrice a weeke then observe your former observations onely the night before give him little or no Hay at all In the morning before his heate very early and before his dressing give him three or foure handfulls of cleane sifted Oats washt either in strong beere or Ale then dresse him saddle him and give him his heate but if it be soddaine and violent then let it bee when the Horse hath emptied himselfe very well After his heat rub him soundly and bring him drie into the stable Then after hee is cloathed up warme let him stand on his bridle at least two houres then give him a little bundle of Hay to teare out upon his bridle and an houre after feed him as hath beene before shewed onely with his first Oats give him an handfull or better of hempseed well dusted and mixed At night warme him a little water and give it him luke-warm then an houre after give him his provender and a pretty bundle of Hay and so let him rest till the next morning The next morning do all things as in his ordinary keeping Let him stand on litter both night and day yet change of● and keepe the plaunchers clean If you intend to travell or journey in the morning then give no Hay or but little in the morning In journying ride moderately the first houre or two but after according to your occasions Water before you come to your Innne if possible but if you cannot then give warme water in the Inne after the Horse is fully cooled Trotters oyle is an excellent oyntment being applied very warme and well chafed in to keepe your Horses limbes and ●inewes nimble and to helpe stiffenesse and lamenesse Neither wash your Horse nor walke your horse for the first endangereth foundering in the body or feet and breedeth all surfeits the latter is the ground of all strong colds which turne to glaunders and rottennesse but if necessity compell you to either as foule wayes or long stayes then rather wash your horses legs with pales of water at the stable doore then to endanger him in Pond or River And for walking rather set one on your horses backe to keepe his spirits stirring then to lead him in his hand and with dull spirits to receive all manner of mischiefes This I thinke sufficient for clean and ordinary keeping CHAP. XIII Generall observations helps and advertisements for any man when hee goeth about to buy an Horse THere is nothing more difficult or intricate in all the Art of horsmanship then to set downe constant and uncontrolable resolutions by which to binde every mans minde to an unity of consent in the buying of an horse for according to the old adage what is one mans meat is another mans poyson what one affects another dislikes But to proceed according to the rule of reason the precepts of the ancients and the moderne practise of our present conceived opinions I will as briefly as I can shew you those observations and advertisements which may strengthen you in any difficult election First therefore you are to observe that if you will elect an Horse for your hearts contentment you are to take to your self this principall consideration namely the end and purpose for which you elect him as whether for the Wars for running hunting travell draught or burthen every one having their severall characters and their severall faces both of beauty and uncomelynesse But because there is but one truth and one perfection I will under the description of the perfect and untainted Horse shew all the imperfections and attainttures that either nature or mischance can put upon the horse of greatest deformity Let me then advise you that intend to buy an horse to acquaine your selfe well with all the true shapes and excellencies which belong to an horse whether it be in his naturall and true proportion or in any accidentall or outward increase or decrease of any limbe or member and from their contraries to gather all things that may give dislike or off●h●● To begin therfore with the first principles of election you shall understand that they are divided into two especiall heads the one generall the other particular The generall rule of election is first the end for which you buy then his breed or generation his colour his pace and his s●atuity and these are sayd to bee generall● because the first which is the end for which you buy is a thing shut up onely in your owne ●●●●● The other which is breed you must either take it from faithfull report your owne knowledge or from some knowne and certaine characters by which one strain or one Country is distringuished from another as the Neapolitan is knowne by his hauk-nose

horse it is a present remedy Also to dissolve the ball in his ordinary water being made milke warme it worketh the like effect and fatneth exceedingly To give one of these balls before travell it prevents tyering to give it in the height of travel it re●t●●●eth wearinesse and to give it after it saves an horse from all su●fens and inward sicknesse And thu● you shall spend this third ●o●night CHAP. V. An approved cure for the Botts and all manner of wormes of what nature soever TAke a quart of new milke and as much clarified honey as wil make it extraordinary sweet then being luke-warm give it the horse early in the morning he having fasted all the night before which done bridle him up and let him stand tyed to the emptie racke for more then two houres then take halfe a pinte of white-wine and dissolve into it a good spoonfull or more of black soape then the horse having stood two houres as aforesaid give it him to drinke then ride and chafe him a little and let him fast other two houres and the wormes will avoyd in great abundance CHAP. VI. Another most excellent receipt for the Botts or any wormes which is most easie most safe and mo●● certaine TAke the soft downy hair which growes in the ear of an horse and which you clip away when you coule him and the little short ●●● which growes on the top of his forehead underneath his ●oretop and having a pretty quantity of them mixe them well with a pottle of sweet oats and so give the● to the horse and there is not any thing will kill wormes more ●●●●redly CHAP. VII An excellent purgation when a Horse is dangerously sicke of his grease or of costivenesse TAke a pinte of old white wine and set it on the fire then dissolve into it a lump halfe as much as an Hens-egge of castle-soape and stirre them well together then take it off and put into it two good spoonfulls of hemp-seed beaten and an ounce and an halfe of sugar-candie beaten to powder and brew all well together then having warmed the horse to stirre up his grease and other foule humours give him this to drinke and walke him up and downe a little after it to make the potion worke then set him up warme after a little stirring up down in his stall if he grow sickish give him liberty to lye downe After two or three houres fasting give him a sweet mash then feed as at other times CHAP. VIII For laxativenesse or extreame loosenesse TAke a quart of red-wine and set it on the fire then put into it ●● ounce and an halfe of Bolearmonie in powder and two ounces and an halfe of the Conserve of sloes then stirre and ●●●● them well together after take it from the fire and put to it a spoonfull or two of the powder of Cinamon and brewing all well together give it the horse Let him fast two houres after it and let him eat no washt meat Hay is wholsome so is bread and oats if they bee well mixt with beanes or wheat but not otherwise CHAP. IX An infallible helpe for the stone or paine of urine by winde causing sicknesse MAke a strong ●ecoction that is to say boyle your first quantity of water to an halfe part 3-times over of keene onions clean ●ill'd and chopt and parcelie then take a quart thereof and put ●o it a great spoonfull of London●reackle as much of the powder of egge-shells and give it the horse to drinke and thus doe divers mornings if the in fir mitie be great otherwise when you see the horse offended CHAP. X. An approved medicine to cure and breake any old festered cold and to drie up a foule running glaunders TAke a pinte of verjuyce and put to it so much strong mustard ●●●●● with wine vineger ●● will make the verjuyce strong and keene thereof then take an ounce and more of roach-allome and beate it to powder then when you give this to the horse as y●● fill your horne so with a knife or spoone put some of the allome into the horne and so give it the horse part at the mouth and part at both his nostrills but especially at the nostrill which runneth most then ride and chafe him a little after it then set up warme at noone give him a warme mash and at all times give no cold water but when hee may have exercise after it And thus drench the horse three daies together and it will be sufficient CHAP. XI Another for a violent cold TAke of white wine vinegar halfe a pinte and as much sallet-oyle brew them well together and then put to it an ounce and a halfe of sugar-candie in powder and so give it the horse and stir him a little after it This is exceeding good but it will occasion sicknesse for a small time CHAP. XII An excellent Cordiall powder for any ordinary cold and to prepare an Horse before travell to refresh him in travell and to preserve him from mischiefe after travell TAke of English liquorice and of elicampaneroots of each one ounce of sugar-candy an ounce and an halfe beate them to fine powder and searce them keepe the powder in a boxe and when you have occasion to use it if it be for a cold then give it in sweet wine or strong ale but if in ale then take a quart and so give it both before travell at your haire in travell and in your Inne or at home immediately after travell CHAP. XIII An excellent scowring when other scowrings will not worke TAke of sweet butter a quarter of a pound half so much Castle-soape beate them well together then ad to them two spoonfulls of hempseed bruised of Anniseed a spoonfull bruised of sugar-candie an ounce of Rozzen bruise halfe a spoonfull worke all these into a paste and give it the horse in the manner of pills immediately after his heate or when you have warmed him and stirred up the grease and foulenesse within him CHAP. XIIII An admirable water for any sore eye or to cleare any dimme sight at moone-eies and the like TAke the stone Lap●●● laminarius and 〈◊〉 red hot in the fire th●● quench it in a pinte 〈◊〉 white wine and thus doe 〈◊〉 times together then adde 〈◊〉 the quantity of wine half so much of the juyce of housleeke and with this water bathe the eie twice or thrice a day and it is excellent against any imperfection therein CHAP. XV. Another water for any sore eye no lesse precious then the former TAke a pinte of Snow-water and dissolve into it 3 or foure drams of white Vitrioll and with it wash the Horses eyes three or foure times a day and the effect is great CHAP. XVI For any extreme blow or bruiseon the eye for any pearle pinne web or unnaturall filme or foulenesse TAke of womans 〈…〉 if it can be got o● f●● want of it new 〈◊〉 from the Cow 〈…〉 three spoonfulls and halfe 〈◊〉 much