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raise_v and_o void_v sand_n shall_v again_o afterward_o be_v carry_v away_o when_o the_o river_n abate_v the_o torrent_n shall_v return_v to_o move_v with_o its_o primitive_a velocity_n corollary_n vi._n whilst_o it_o be_v demonstrate_v that_o the_o same_o water_n have_v different_a measure_n in_o its_o channel_n or_o course_n according_a as_o it_o vary_v in_o velocity_n so_o that_o the_o measure_n of_o the_o water_n be_v always_o great_a where_o the_o velocity_n be_v lesser_a and_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o measure_n lesser_a where_o the_o velocity_n be_v great_a from_o hence_o we_o may_v most_o elegant_o render_v the_o reason_n of_o the_o usual_a proverb_n take_v heed_n of_o the_o still_a water_n for_o that_o if_o we_o consider_v the_o self_n same_o water_n of_o a_o river_n in_o those_o part_n wherein_o it_o be_v less_o swift_a and_o thence_o call_v still_o or_o smooth_a water_n it_o shall_v be_v of_o necessity_n of_o
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thereof_o may_v issue_v forth_o of_o the_o bark_n and_o the_o same_o also_o will_v ensue_v whilst_o that_o be_v under_o sail_n in_o a_o smooth_a course_n a_o most_o violent_a impetus_fw-la shall_v upon_o a_o instant_n overtake_v it_o but_o when_o to_o its_o calm_a motion_n there_o be_v add_v a_o moderate_a retardation_n or_o incitation_n the_o middle_a part_n as_o i_o say_v unobserved_o rise_v and_o fall_v and_o the_o other_o part_n according_a as_o they_o be_v near_o to_o the_o middle_n rise_v the_o less_o and_o the_o more_o remote_a more_o the_o three_o be_v that_o whereas_o the_o part_n about_o the_o midst_n do_v make_v little_a alteration_n in_o rise_v and_o fall_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o water_n of_o the_o side_n on_o the_o contrary_a they_o run_v forward_o and_o backward_o very_o much_o in_o comparison_n of_o
in_o those_o that_o distend_v themselves_o for_o a_o great_a length_n from_o west_n to_o east_n namely_o according_a to_o the_o course_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n and_o as_o it_o be_v in_o a_o certain_a manner_n unthought_a of_o and_o without_o a_o precedent_n among_o the_o motion_n possible_a to_o be_v make_v by_o we_o so_o it_o be_v not_o hard_o for_o i_o to_o believe_v that_o effect_n may_v be_v derive_v from_o the_o same_o which_o be_v not_o to_o be_v imitate_v by_o our_o artificial_a experiment_n salv_n these_o thing_n be_v declare_v it_o be_v time_n that_o we_o proceed_v to_o examine_v the_o particular_a accident_n which_o together_o with_o their_o diversity_n be_v observe_v by_o experience_n in_o the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v of_o the_o water_n flow_n and_o first_o we_o need_v not_o think_v it_o hard_o to_o guess_v whence_o it_o happen_v that_o in_o lake_n pool_n and_o also_o in_o the_o lesser_a sea_n there_o be_v no_o notable_a flux_n and_o reflux_n the_o 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altogether_o insensible_a for_o the_o primary_n cause_n which_o have_v the_o period_n of_o twelve_o hour_n have_v not_o make_v and_o end_n of_o imprint_v the_o precedent_a commotion_n it_o be_v overtake_v and_o oppose_v by_o the_o other_o second_o dependent_a on_o the_o water_n own_o weight_n which_o according_a to_o the_o brevity_n and_o profundity_n of_o the_o vessel_n have_v the_o time_n of_o its_o undulation_n of_o one_o two_o three_o four_o or_o more_o hour_n and_o this_o contend_v with_o the_o other_o former_a one_o disturb_v and_o remove_v it_o not_o permit_v it_o to_o come_v to_o the_o height_n no_o nor_o to_o the_o half_a of_o its_o motion_n and_o by_o this_o contestation_n the_o evidence_n of_o the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v be_v whole_o annihilate_v or_o at_o least_o very_a much_o obscure_v i_o pass_v by_o the_o continual_a alteration_n of_o the_o air_n which_o disquiet_v the_o water_n permit_v we_o not_o to_o come_v to_o a_o certainty_n whether_o any_o though_o but_o small_a increase_n or_o abatement_n of_o half_a a_o inch_n or_o loss_n do_v reside_v in_o the_o straits_n or_o receptacle_n of_o water_n not_o above_o a_o degree_n or_o two_o in_o length_n i_o come_v in_o the_o second_o place_n to_o resolve_v the_o question_n hour_n why_o there_o not_o reside_v any_o virtue_n in_o the_o primary_n principle_n of_o commove_v the_o water_n save_v only_o every_o twelve_o hour_n that_o be_v to_o say_v once_o by_o the_o great_a velocity_n and_o once_o by_o the_o great_a tardity_n of_o motion_n the_o ebbing_n and_o flow_n shall_v yet_o nevertheless_o appear_v to_o be_v every_o six_o hour_n to_o which_o be_v answer_v that_o this_o determination_n can_v any_o way_n be_v take_v from_o the_o primary_n cause_n only_o but_o there_o be_v a_o necessity_n of_o introduce_v the_o secondary_a cause_n as_o namely_o the_o great_a or_o less_o length_n of_o the_o vessel_n and_o the_o great_a or_o less_o depth_n of_o the_o water_n in_o they_o contain_v which_o cause_v although_o 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divers_a among_o themselves_o for_o which_o diversity_n and_o their_o cause_n incomprehensible_a to_o aristotle_n some_o say_v that_o after_o he_o have_v a_o long_a time_n observe_v it_o upon_o some_o cliff_n of_o negropont_n be_v bring_v to_o desperation_n he_o throw_v himself_o into_o the_o adjoin_a euripus_n and_o voluntary_o drown_v himself_o in_o the_o three_o place_n we_o have_v the_o reason_n ready_a at_o hand_n flow_v whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o some_o sea_n although_o very_o long_o as_o be_v the_o red_a sea_n be_v almost_o altogether_o exempt_a from_o tide_n which_o happen_v because_o their_o length_n extend_v not_o from_o east_n to_o west_n but_o rather_o transvers_o from_o the_o southeast_n to_o the_o northwest_o but_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n go_v from_o west_n to_o east_n the_o impulse_n of_o the_o water_n by_o that_o mean_n always_o happen_v to_o fall_v in_o the_o meridian_n and_o do_v not_o move_v from_o parallel_n to_o parallel_v insomuch_o that_o in_o the_o sea_n that_o extend_v themselves_o athwart_o towards_o the_o pole_n and_o that_o the_o contrary_a way_n be_v narrow_a there_o be_v no_o cause_n of_o ebb_v and_o flow_v save_v only_o by_o the_o participation_n of_o another_o sea_n wherewith_o it_o have_v communication_n that_o be_v subject_a to_o great_a commotion_n in_o the_o four_o place_n we_o shall_v very_o easy_o find_v out_o the_o reason_n why_o the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n be_v great_a part_n as_o to_o the_o water_n rise_v and_o fall_v in_o the_o utmost_a extremity_n of_o gulf_n and_o least_o in_o the_o intermediate_v part_n as_o daily_a experience_n show_v here_o in_o venice_n lie_v in_o the_o far_a end_n of_o the_o adriatic_a sea_n where_o that_o difference_n common_o amount_v to_o five_o or_o six_o foot_n but_o in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o mediterrane_n far_o distant_a from_o the_o extreme_n that_o mutation_n be_v very_o small_a as_o in_o
distend_v for_o to_o this_o instance_n we_o answer_v with_o that_o which_o we_o have_v give_v notice_n of_o in_o the_o first_o consideration_n touch_v the_o lake_n of_o venice_n treat_v of_o the_o abatement_n that_o be_v cause_v by_o the_o brent_n let_v into_o the_o lake_n and_o moreover_o if_o i_o shall_v add_v thereto_o that_o which_o i_o write_v in_o the_o second_o consideration_n it_o will_v be_v very_o apparent_a how_o great_o harmful_a and_o prejudicial_a these_o excursion_n of_o water_n from_o fiume_n sisto_n may_v be_v which_o be_v not_o keep_v under_o and_o confine_v within_o the_o river_n therefore_o proceed_v to_o the_o provision_n and_o operation_n that_o be_v to_o be_v account_v principal_a i_o reduce_v they_o to_o three_o head_n in_o the_o first_o place_n it_o be_v necessary_a to_o throw_v down_o those_o wear_v and_o to_o take_v the_o pisciaries_n quite_o away_o observe_v a_o maxim_n in_o my_o judgement_n infallible_a that_o fish_v and_o sow_v be_v two_o thing_n that_o 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fiume_n sisto_n on_o the_o left_a hand_n and_o to_o procure_v that_o those_o water_n may_v run_v in_o the_o channel_n and_o not_o break_v forth_o and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o it_o be_v not_o enough_o to_o do_v one_o or_o two_o of_o those_o thing_n but_o we_o be_v to_o put_v they_o all_o in_o execution_n for_o omit_v any_o thing_n the_o whole_a machine_n will_v be_v out_o of_o tune_n and_o spoil_v but_o proceed_v with_o due_a care_n you_o shall_v not_o only_a drain_n the_o pontine_n fen_n but_o by_o mean_n of_o this_o last_o particular_a the_o current_n of_o fiume_n sisto_n shall_v scour_v its_o own_o channel_n of_o its_o self_n even_o to_o the_o carry_v part_n of_o it_o away_o and_o haply_o with_o this_o abundance_n of_o water_n that_o it_o shall_v bear_v the_o mouth_n della_fw-it torre_n may_v be_v open_v and_o keep_v open_a into_o the_o sea_n and_o it_o will_v last_o of_o all_o be_v of_o admirable_a benefit_n to_o cleanse_v fiume_n sisto_n from_o many_o tree_n and_o bush_n wherewith_o it_o be_v overgrow_v and_o with_o this_o i_o conclude_v that_o the_o improvement_n or_o drain_n possible_a to_o be_v make_v consist_v in_o these_o three_o particular_n first_o in_o take_v away_o the_o fish_n wear_v leave_v the_o course_n of_o the_o water_n free_a second_o in_o keep_v the_o principal_a river_n clear_a from_o weed_n and_o plant_n three_o in_o keep_v the_o water_n of_o fiume_n sisto_n in_o its_o own_o channel_n all_o which_o be_v thing_n that_o may_v be_v do_v with_o very_o little_a charge_n and_o to_o the_o manifest_a benefit_n of_o the_o whole_a country_n and_o to_o the_o render_v the_o air_n wholesome_o in_o all_o those_o place_n adjoin_v to_o the_o pontine_n fen_n a_o consideration_n upon_o the_o draining_n of_o the_o territory_n of_o bologna_n ferrara_n and_o romagna_fw-la by_o d._n benedetto_n castelli_n abbot_n of_o s._n benedetto_n aloisio_n mathematician_n to_o p._n vrban_n viii_o and_o professor_n in_o the_o university_n of_o rome_n the_o weghty_a business_n of_o the_o draining_n of_o the_o territory_n of_o bologna_n ferrara_n and_o romagna_n have_v be_v punctual_o handle_v and_o declare_v in_o write_v from_o the_o excellent_a memory_n of_o the_o right_n honourable_a and_o noble_a monsignore_n corsini_n who_o be_v heretofore_o depute_a commissary_n general_n and_o visitor_n of_o those_o water_n i_o be_o not_o able_a to_o make_v such_o another_o discourse_n upon_o the_o same_o subject_a but_o will_v only_o say_v somewhat_o for_o far_a confirmation_n of_o that_o which_o i_o have_v say_v in_o this_o book_n upon_o the_o lake_n of_o venice_n upon_o the_o pontine_n fen_n and_o upon_o the_o draining_n of_o those_o plain_n of_o pisa_n lie_v between_o the_o river_n arno_n and_o serchio_n whereby_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o in_o all_o the_o aforementioned_a case_n and_o in_o the_o present_a one_o that_o we_o be_v in_o hand_n with_o there_o have_v in_o time_n past_a very_o gross_a error_n be_v commit_v through_o the_o not_o have_v ever_o well_o understand_v the_o true_a measure_n of_o run_v water_n and_o here_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o the_o business_n be_v that_o in_o venice_n the_o diversion_n of_o the_o water_n of_o the_o lake_n by_o divert_v the_o brent_n be_v debate_v and_o in_o part_n execute_v without_o consideration_n have_v how_o great_a abatement_n of_o water_n may_v follow_v iâ—_n the_o lake_n if_o the_o brent_n be_v divert_v as_o i_o have_v show_v in_o the_o first_o consideration_n upon_o this_o particular_a from_o which_o act_n there_o have_v ensue_v very_o bad_a consequence_n not_o only_o the_o difficulty_n of_o navigation_n but_o it_o have_v infect_v the_o wholsomnesse_n of_o the_o air_n and_o cause_v the_o stoppage_n of_o the_o port_n of_o venice_n and_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o same_o inadvertency_n of_o not_o consider_v what_o rise_v of_o the_o water_n the_o reno_n and_o other_o river_n be_v open_v into_o the_o valley_n of_o bologna_n and_o ferrara_n may_v cause_v in_o the_o say_a valley_n be_v the_o certain_a cause_n that_o so_o many_o rich_a and_o fertile_a field_n be_v drown_v under_o water_n convert_v the_o happy_a habitation_n and_o dwelling_n of_o man_n into_o miserable_a receptacle_n for_o fish_n thing_n which_o doubtless_o will_v never_o have_v happen_v if_o those_o river_n have_v be_v keep_v at_o their_o height_n and_o reno_n have_v be_v turn_v into_o main-po_n and_o the_o other_o river_n into_o that_o of_o argenta_n and_o of_o volano_n now_o there_o have_v sufficient_a be_v speak_v by_o the_o abovenamed_a monsig_n corsini_n in_o his_o relation_n i_o will_v only_o add_v one_o conceit_n of_o my_o own_o which_o after_o the_o river_n shall_v be_v regulate_v as_o have_v be_v say_v i_o very_o believe_v will_v be_v of_o extraordinary_a profit_n i_o much_o doubt_v indeed_o that_o i_o shall_v find_v it_o a_o hard_a matter_n to_o persuade_v man_n to_o be_v of_o my_o mind_n but_o yet_o nevertheless_o i_o will_v not_o question_v but_o that_o those_o at_o least_o who_o 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i_o hope_v the_o rest_n may_v be_v allow_v i_o upon_o the_o score_n of_o human_a imbecility_n the_o truth_n be_v i_o have_v assume_v the_o liberty_n to_o note_v the_o mistake_v in_o the_o florid_n version_n of_o berneggerus_fw-la in_o the_o margin_n not_o so_o much_o to_o reproach_v he_o as_o to_o convince_v those_o who_o tell_v i_o that_o they_o account_v my_o pain_n needless_a have_v his_o latin_a translation_n by_o they_o the_o like_a they_o say_v of_o the_o whole_a two_o tome_n but_o they_o thereby_o cause_v i_o to_o question_v their_o understanding_n or_o veracity_n for_o some_o of_o the_o book_n be_v yet_o never_o extant_a as_o for_o instance_n the_o mechanic_n of_o mounseur_fw-fr des_fw-mi cartes_n a_o manuscript_n which_o i_o find_v among_o the_o many_o other_o rarity_n that_o enrich_v the_o well-chosen_a library_n of_o my_o learned_a and_o worthy_a friend_n dr._n charles_n scarburgh_n the_o experiment_n of_o gravity_n and_o the_o life_n of_o galileo_n both_o my_o own_o other_o 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the_o most_o eminent_a prelate_n of_o
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a_o piece_n of_o gold_n moreover_o it_o seem_v to_o i_o that_o whilst_o the_o celestial_a body_n concur_v to_o the_o generation_n and_o alteration_n of_o the_o earth_n they_o themselves_o be_v also_o of_o necessity_n alterable_a for_o otherwise_o i_o can_v understand_v how_o the_o application_n of_o the_o sun_n or_o moon_n to_o the_o earth_n to_o effect_v production_n shall_v be_v any_o other_o than_o to_o lay_v a_o marble_n statue_n by_o a_o woman_n side_n and_o from_o that_o conjunction_n to_o expect_v child_n simpl._n corruptibility_n part_n alteration_n mutation_n etc._n etc._n be_v not_o in_o the_o whole_a terrestrial_a globe_n which_o as_o to_o its_o whole_a be_v no_o less_o eternal_a than_o the_o sun_n or_o moon_n but_o it_o be_v generable_a and_o corruptible_a as_o to_o its_o external_a part_n but_o yet_o it_o be_v also_o true_a that_o likewise_o in_o they_o generation_n and_o corruption_n be_v perpetual_a and_o as_o such_o require_v the_o heavenly_a eternal_a operation_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o the_o celestial_a body_n be_v eternal_a sagr._fw-la all_o this_o be_v right_n but_o if_o the_o corruptibility_n of_o the_o superficial_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v nowise_o prejudicial_a to_o the_o eternity_n of_o its_o whole_a globe_n yea_o if_o their_o be_v generable_a corruptible_a alterable_a etc._n etc._n gain_v they_o great_a ornament_n and_o perfection_n why_o can_v part_n and_o ought_v not_o you_o to_o admit_v alteration_n generation_n etc._n etc._n likewise_o in_o the_o external_a part_n of_o the_o celestial_a globe_n add_v to_o they_o ornament_n without_o take_v from_o they_o perfection_n or_o bereave_v they_o of_o action_n yea_o rather_o increase_a their_o effect_n by_o grant_v not_o only_a that_o they_o all_o operate_v on_o the_o earth_n but_o that_o they_o mutual_o operate_v upon_o each_o other_o and_o the_o earth_n also_o upon_o they_o all_o simpl._n this_o can_v be_v because_o the_o generation_n mutation_n etc._n etc._n 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delight_n of_o man_n now_o of_o what_o use_n can_v the_o generation_n which_o we_o suppose_v to_o be_v make_v in_o the_o moon_n or_o other_o planet_n ever_o be_v to_o mankind_n unless_o you_o shall_v say_v that_o there_o be_v also_o man_n in_o the_o moon_n that_o may_v enjoy_v the_o benefit_n thereof_o a_o conceit_n either_o fabulous_a or_o impious_a sagr._fw-la that_o in_o the_o moon_n or_o other_o planet_n man_n there_o be_v generate_v either_o herb_n or_o plant_n or_o animal_n like_a to_o we_o or_o that_o there_o be_v rain_n wind_n or_o thunder_v there_o as_o about_o the_o earth_n i_o neither_o know_v nor_o believe_v and_o much_o less_o that_o it_o be_v inhabit_v by_o man_n but_o yet_o i_o understand_v not_o because_o there_o be_v not_o generate_v thing_n like_o to_o we_o that_o therefore_o it_o necessary_o follow_v that_o no_o alteration_n be_v wrought_v therein_o or_o that_o there_o may_v not_o be_v other_o thing_n that_o change_v we_o generate_v and_o dissolve_v which_o be_v not_o only_o different_a from_o we_o but_o exceed_o beyond_o our_o imagination_n and_o in_o a_o word_n not_o to_o be_v think_v of_o by_o we_o and_o if_o as_o i_o be_o certain_a that_o one_o bear_v and_o bring_v up_o in_o a_o spacious_a forest_n among_o beast_n and_o bird_n and_o that_o have_v no_o knowledge_n at_o all_o of_o the_o element_n of_o water_n fish_n can_v never_o come_v to_o imagine_v another_o world_n to_o be_v in_o nature_n different_a from_o the_o eatth_n full_a of_o live_a creature_n which_o without_o leg_n or_o wing_n swift_o move_v and_o not_o upon_o the_o surface_n only_o as_o beast_n do_v upon_o the_o earth_n but_o in_o the_o very_a bowel_n thereof_o and_o not_o only_o move_v but_o also_o stay_v themselves_o and_o cease_v to_o move_v at_o their_o pleasure_n which_o bird_n can_v do_v in_o the_o air_n and_o that_o moreover_o man_n live_v therein_o and_o build_v palace_n and_o city_n and_o have_v so_o
of_o our_o mountain_n in_o a_o thickness_n of_o one_o mile_n only_o salv_n the_o very_a mountain_n of_o the_o moon_n themselves_o be_v a_o proof_n thereof_o which_o percuss_v on_o one_o side_n of_o the_o sun_n do_v cast_v on_o the_o contrary_a side_n very_o dark_a shadow_n terminate_v and_o more_o distinct_a by_o much_o than_o the_o shadow_n of_o we_o but_o have_v these_o mountain_n be_v diaphanous_a we_o can_v never_o have_v come_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o any_o unevennesse_n in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o moon_n not_o have_v see_v those_o luminous_a montuosity_n distinguish_v by_o the_o term_n which_o separate_v the_o lucid_a part_n from_o the_o dark_a much_o less_o shall_v we_o see_v this_o same_o term_n so_o distinct_a if_o it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o sun_n light_n do_v penetrate_v the_o whole_a thickness_n of_o the_o moon_n yea_o rather_o according_a to_o the_o author_n own_o word_n we_o shall_v of_o necessity_n discern_v the_o passage_n and_o confine_v between_o the_o part_n of_o the_o sun_n see_v and_o the_o part_n not_o see_v to_o be_v very_o confuse_v and_o mix_v with_o light_n and_o darkness_n for_o that_o that_o matter_n which_o admit_v the_o passage_n of_o the_o sun_n ray_n through_o a_o space_n of_o two_o thousand_o mile_n must_v needs_o be_v so_o transparent_a that_o it_o will_v very_o weak_o resist_v they_o in_o a_o hundred_o or_o lesser_a part_n of_o that_o thickness_n nevertheless_o the_o term_n which_o separate_v the_o part_n illuminate_v from_o the_o obscure_a be_v incident_a and_o as_o distinct_a as_o white_a be_v distinct_a from_o black_a and_o especial_o where_o the_o section_n pass_v through_o the_o part_n of_o the_o moon_n that_o be_v natural_o more_o clear_a and_o montanous_a but_o where_o the_o old_a spot_n do_v part_n which_o be_v certain_a plain_n that_o by_o mean_n of_o their_o spherical_a inclination_n receive_v the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n oblique_o there_o the_o term_n be_v not_o so_o distinct_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o more_o dim_a illumination_n that_o last_o which_o he_o say_v how_o that_o the_o secondary_a light_n do_v not_o diminish_v and_o languish_v according_a as_o the_o moon_n increase_v but_o conserve_v itself_o continual_o in_o the_o same_o efficacy_n be_v most_o false_a nay_o it_o be_v hardly_o see_v in_o the_o quadrature_n when_o on_o the_o contrary_a it_o shall_v appear_v more_o splendid_a and_o be_v visible_a after_o the_o crepusculum_fw-la in_o the_o dark_a of_o night_n let_v we_o conclude_v therefore_o that_o the_o earth_n reflection_n be_v very_o strong_a upon_o the_o moon_n and_o that_o which_o you_o ought_v more_o to_o esteem_v we_o may_v deduce_v from_o thence_o another_o admirable_a congruity_n between_o the_o moon_n and_o earth_n namely_o light_n that_o if_o it_o be_v true_a the_o planet_n operate_v upon_o the_o earth_n by_o their_o motion_n and_o light_n the_o earth_n may_v probable_o be_v no_o less_o potent_a in_o operate_n reciprocal_o upon_o they_o with_o the_o same_o light_n and_o peradventure_o motion_n also_o and_o though_o it_o shall_v not_o move_v yet_o may_v it_o retain_v the_o same_o operation_n because_o as_o it_o have_v be_v prove_v already_o the_o action_n of_o the_o light_n be_v the_o self_n same_o i_o mean_v of_o the_o light_n of_o the_o sun_n reflect_v and_o motion_n do_v nothing_o save_v only_o vary_v the_o aspect_n which_o fall_v out_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n whether_o we_o make_v the_o earth_n move_v and_o the_o sun_n stand_v still_o or_o the_o contrary_n simpl._n none_o of_o the_o philosopher_n be_v find_v to_o have_v say_v that_o these_o inferior_a body_n operate_v on_o the_o celestial_a nay_o aristotle_n affirm_v the_o direct_a contrary_n salv_n aristotle_n and_o the_o rest_n who_o know_v not_o that_o the_o earth_n and_o moon_n mutual_o illuminate_v each_o other_o be_v to_o be_v excuse_v but_o they_o will_v just_o deserve_v our_o censure_n if_o while_o they_o desire_v that_o we_o shall_v grant_v and_o believe_v with_o they_o that_o the_o moon_n operate_v upon_o the_o earth_n with_o light_n they_o shall_v deny_v to_o we_o who_o have_v teach_v they_o that_o the_o earth_n illuminate_v the_o moon_n the_o operation_n the_o earth_n have_v on_o the_o moon_n simpl._n in_o short_a i_o find_v in_o myself_o a_o great_a unwillingness_n to_o admit_v this_o commerce_n which_o you_o will_v persuade_v i_o to_o be_v betwixt_o the_o earth_n and_o moon_n place_v it_o as_o we_o say_v among_o the_o number_n of_o the_o star_n for_o if_o there_o be_v nothing_o else_o the_o great_a separation_n and_o distance_n between_o it_o and_o the_o celestial_a body_n do_v in_o my_o opinion_n necessary_o conclude_v a_o vast_a disparity_n between_o they_o salv_n see_v simplicius_n what_o a_o inveterate_a affection_n and_o radicate_v opinion_n can_v do_v since_o it_o be_v so_o powerful_a that_o it_o make_v you_o think_v that_o those_o very_a thing_n favour_v you_o which_o you_o produce_v against_o yourself_o for_o if_o separation_n and_o distance_n be_v accident_n sufficient_a to_o persuade_v with_o you_o a_o great_a diversity_n of_o nature_n it_o must_v follow_v that_o proximity_n and_o contiguity_n import_v similitude_n vicinity_n now_o how_o much_o more_o near_a be_v the_o moon_n to_o the_o earth_n than_o to_o any_o other_o of_o the_o celestial_a orb_n you_o must_v acknowledge_v therefore_o according_a to_o your_o own_o concession_n and_o you_o shall_v have_v other_o philosopher_n bear_v you_o company_n that_o there_o be_v a_o very_a great_a affinity_n betwixt_o the_o earth_n and_o moon_n now_o let_v we_o proceed_v and_o see_v whether_o any_o thing_n remain_v to_o be_v consider_v touch_v those_o objection_n which_o you_o make_v against_o the_o resemblance_n that_o be_v between_o these_o two_o body_n simpl._n it_o rest_v that_o we_o say_v something_o touch_v the_o solidity_n of_o the_o moon_n which_o i_o argue_v from_o its_o be_v exquisite_a smooth_a and_o polite_a and_o you_o from_o its_o montuosity_n there_o be_v another_o scruple_n also_o come_v into_o my_o mind_n from_o a_o opinion_n which_o i_o have_v that_o the_o sea_n reflection_n ought_v by_o the_o equality_n of_o its_o surface_n to_o be_v render_v strong_a than_o that_o of_o the_o earth_n who_o superficies_n be_v so_o rough_a and_o opacous_a salv_n as_o to_o the_o first_o objection_n i_o say_v that_o like_o as_o among_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n montainous_a which_o all_o by_o their_o gravity_n strive_v to_o approach_v the_o near_a they_o can_v possible_o to_o the_o centre_n some_o of_o they_o always_o be_v more_o remote_a from_o it_o than_o the_o rest_n as_o the_o mountain_n more_o than_o the_o valley_n and_o that_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o solidity_n and_o firmness_n for_o if_o they_o be_v of_o fluid_a they_o will_v be_v even_o so_o the_o see_v some_o part_n of_o the_o moon_n to_o be_v elevate_v above_o the_o sphericity_n of_o the_o low_a part_n argue_v their_o hardness_n for_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o moon_n be_v reduce_v into_o a_o spherical_a form_n by_o the_o harmonious_a conspiration_n of_o all_o its_o part_n to_o the_o same_o sentence_n touch_v the_o second_o doubt_n my_o think_v that_o the_o particular_n already_o observe_v to_o happen_v in_o the_o looking-glass_n may_v very_o well_o assure_v we_o that_o the_o reflection_n of_o light_n come_v from_o the_o sea_n earth_n be_v far_o weak_a than_o that_o which_o come_v from_o land_n understand_v it_o always_o of_o the_o universal_a reflection_n for_o as_o to_o that_o particular_a on_o which_o the_o water_n be_v calm_a cast_v upon_o a_o determinate_a place_n there_o be_v no_o doubt_n but_o that_o he_o who_o shall_v stand_v in_o that_o place_n shall_v see_v a_o very_a great_a reflection_n in_o the_o water_n but_o every_o way_n else_o he_o shall_v see_v the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n more_o obscure_a than_o that_o of_o the_o land_n land_n and_o to_o prove_v it_o to_o your_o sense_n let_v we_o go_v into_o yonder_o hall_n and_o power_n forth_o a_o little_a water_n upon_o the_o pavement_n tell_v i_o now_o do_v not_o this_o wet_a brick_n show_v more_o dull_a than_o the_o other_o dry_a one_o doubtless_o it_o do_v and_o will_v so_o appear_v from_o what_o place_n soever_o you_o behold_v it_o except_o one_o only_o and_o this_o be_v that_o way_n which_o the_o light_n come_v that_o enter_v in_o at_o yonder_o window_n go_v backward_o therefore_o by_o a_o little_a and_o a_o little_a simpl._n here_o i_o see_v the_o west_n part_v shine_v more_o than_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o pavement_n and_o i_o see_v that_o it_o so_o happen_v because_o the_o reflection_n of_o the_o light_n which_o enter_v in_o at_o the_o window_n come_v towards_o i_o salv_n that_o moisture_n have_v do_v no_o more_o but_o fill_v those_o little_a cavity_n which_o be_v in_o the_o brick_n with_o water_n and_o reduce_v its_o superficies_n to_o a_o exact_a evenesse_n
whereupon_o the_o reflex_n ray_n issue_n united_o towards_o one_o and_o the_o same_o place_n but_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o pavement_n which_o be_v dry_a have_v its_o protuberance_n that_o be_v a_o innumerable_a variety_n of_o inclination_n in_o its_o small_a particle_n whereupon_o the_o reflection_n of_o the_o light_n scatter_v towards_o all_o part_n but_o more_o weak_o than_o if_o they_o have_v go_v all_o unite_a together_o and_o therefore_o the_o same_o show_v almost_o all_o alike_o behold_v several_a way_n but_o far_o less_o clear_a than_o the_o moisten_a brick_n i_o conclude_v therefore_o that_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o sea_n behold_v from_o the_o moon_n in_o like_a manner_n as_o it_o will_v appear_v most_o equal_a the_o island_n and_o rock_n deduct_v so_o it_o will_v show_v less_o clear_a than_o that_o of_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v montanous_a and_o uneven_a and_o but_o that_o i_o will_v not_o seem_v as_o the_o say_n be_v to_o harp_n too_o much_o on_o one_o string_n i_o can_v tell_v you_o that_o i_o have_v observe_v in_o the_o moon_n that_o secondary_a light_n which_o i_o tell_v you_o come_v to_o she_o from_o the_o reflection_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n to_o be_v notable_o more_o clear_a two_o or_o three_o day_n before_o the_o conjunction_n after_o than_o after_o that_o be_v when_o we_o see_v it_o before_o break_v of_o day_n in_o the_o east_n than_o when_o it_o be_v see_v at_o night_n after_o sunset_n in_o the_o west_n of_o which_o difference_n the_o cause_n be_v that_o the_o terrestrial_a hemisphere_n which_o look_v towards_o the_o eastern_a moon_n have_v little_a sea_n and_o much_o land_n to_o wit_n all_o asia_n whereas_o when_o it_o be_v in_o the_o west_n it_o behold_v very_o great_a sea_n that_o be_v the_o whole_a atlantic_a ocean_n as_o far_o as_o america_n a_o argument_n sufficient_o probable_a that_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n appear_v less_o splendid_a than_o that_o of_o the_o earth_n simpl._n so_o that_o perhaps_o you_o believe_v those_o great_a spot_n discover_v in_o the_o face_n of_o the_o moon_n to_o be_v sea_n and_o the_o other_o clear_a part_n to_o be_v land_n or_o some_o such_o thing_n salv_n this_o which_o you_o ask_v i_o be_v the_o begin_n of_o those_o incongruity_n which_o i_o esteem_v to_o be_v between_o the_o moon_n and_o the_o earth_n out_o of_o which_o it_o be_v time_n to_o disengage_a ourselves_o for_o we_o have_v stay_v too_o long_o in_o the_o moon_n i_o say_v therefore_o that_o if_o there_o be_v in_o nature_n but_o one_o way_n only_o to_o make_v two_o superficies_n illustrate_v by_o the_o sun_n to_o appear_v one_o more_o clear_a than_o the_o other_o and_o that_o this_o be_v by_o the_o be_v of_o the_o one_o earth_n and_o the_o other_o water_n it_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o say_v that_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o moon_n be_v part_v earthy_a and_o part_v aquatic_a but_o because_o we_o know_v many_o way_n to_o produce_v the_o same_o effect_n and_o other_o there_o may_v be_v which_o we_o know_v not_o of_o therefore_o i_o dare_v not_o affirm_v the_o moon_n to_o consist_v of_o one_o thing_n more_o than_o another_o it_o have_v be_v see_v already_o that_o a_o silver_n plate_n boil_v be_v touch_v with_o the_o burnisher_n become_v of_o white_a obscure_a that_o the_o moist_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n show_v more_o obscure_a than_o the_o dry_a that_o in_o the_o top_n of_o hill_n the_o woody_a part_n appear_v more_o gloomy_a than_o the_o naked_a and_o barren_a which_o happen_v because_o there_o fall_v very_o much_o shadow_n among_o the_o tree_n but_o the_o open_a place_n be_v illuminate_v all_o over_o by_o the_o sun_n and_o this_o mixtion_n of_o shadow_n have_v such_o operation_n that_o in_o tuft_a velvet_n the_o silk_n which_o be_v cut_v be_v of_o a_o far_o dark_a colour_n than_o that_o which_o be_v not_o cut_v by_o mean_n of_o the_o shadow_n diffuse_v betwixt_o thread_n and_o thread_n and_o a_o plain_a velvet_n show_v much_o black_a than_o a_o taffeta_n make_v of_o the_o same_o 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the_o famous_a man_n that_o have_v philosophated_a upon_o this_o admirable_a effect_n of_o nature_n blame_v i_o more_o wonder_n at_o kepler_n than_o any_o of_o the_o rest_n who_o be_v of_o a_o free_a and_o pierce_a wit_n and_o have_v the_o motion_n ascribe_v to_o the_o earth_n before_o he_o have_v for_o all_o that_o give_v his_o ear_n and_o assent_v to_o the_o moon_n predominancy_n over_o the_o water_n and_o to_o occult_a property_n and_o such_o like_a trifle_n sagr._fw-la i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o to_o these_o more_o spaculative_a person_n the_o same_o happen_v that_o at_o present_a befall_v i_o namely_o the_o not_o understand_v the_o intricate_a commixtion_n of_o the_o three_o period_n annual_a monthly_a and_o diurnal_a and_o how_o their_o cause_n shall_v seem_v to_o depend_v on_o the_o sun_n and_o on_o the_o moon_n without_o the_o sun_n or_o moon_n have_v any_o thing_n to_o do_v with_o the_o water_n a_o business_n for_o the_o full_a understanding_n of_o which_o i_o stand_v in_o 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peradventure_o a_o five_o a_o four_o i_o say_v take_v from_o the_o fix_a star_n see_v that_o in_o they_o upon_o exact_a observation_n those_o minute_n mutation_n appear_v that_o copernicus_n think_v to_o have_v be_v insensible_a there_o start_v up_o at_o this_o instant_n a_o five_o novelty_n from_o which_o one_o may_v argue_v mobility_n in_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n by_o mean_n of_o that_o which_o the_o most_o illustrious_a signore_fw-la caesar_fw-la movable_a of_o the_o noble_a family_n of_o the_o marsilii_n of_o bologna_n and_o a_o lyncean_a academic_a discover_v with_o much_o ingenuity_n who_o in_o a_o very_a learned_a tract_n of_o his_o show_v very_o particular_o how_o that_o he_o have_v observe_v a_o continual_a mutation_n though_o very_o slow_a in_o the_o meridian_n line_n of_o which_o treatise_n at_o length_n with_o amazement_n peruse_v by_o i_o i_o hope_v he_o will_v communicate_v copy_n to_o all_o those_o that_o be_v student_n of_o nature_n wonder_n sagr._fw-la this_o be_v not_o the_o first_o time_n that_o i_o have_v hear_v speak_v of_o the_o exquisite_a learning_n of_o this_o gentleman_n and_o of_o his_o show_a himself_o a_o zealous_a patron_n of_o all_o the_o learned_a and_o if_o this_o or_o any_o other_o of_o his_o work_n shall_v come_v to_o appear_v in_o public_a we_o may_v be_v aforehand_o assure_v that_o they_o will_v be_v receive_v as_o thing_n of_o great_a value_n salv_n now_o because_o it_o be_v time_n to_o put_v a_o end_n to_o our_o discourse_n it_o remain_v that_o i_o entreat_v you_o that_o if_o at_o more_o leisure_n go_v over_o the_o thing_n again_o that_o have_v be_v allege_v you_o meet_v with_o any_o doubt_n or_o scruple_n not_o well_o resolve_v you_o will_v excuse_v my_o oversight_n as_o well_o for_o the_o novelty_n of_o the_o notion_n as_o for_o the_o weakness_n of_o my_o wit_n as_o also_o
earth_n answer_v by_o example_n of_o the_o like_a motion_n in_o other_o celestial_a body_n 236_o a_o four_o argument_n of_o claramontius_n against_o the_o copernican_n hypothesis_n of_o the_o earth_n mobility_n 239_o from_o the_o earth_n obscurity_n and_o the_o splendour_n of_o the_o fix_a star_n it_o be_v argue_v that_o it_o be_v movable_a and_o they_o immovable_a 239_o a_o five_o argument_n of_o claramontius_n against_o the_o copernican_n hypothesis_n of_o the_o earth_n mobility_n 240_o another_o difference_n between_o the_o earth_n and_o celestial_a body_n take_v from_o purity_n and_o impurity_n 240_o it_o seem_v a_o solecism_n to_o affirm_v that_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o in_o heaven_n 241_o grant_v to_o the_o earth_n the_o annual_a it_o must_v of_o necessity_n also_o have_v the_o diurnal_a motion_n assign_v to_o it_o 300_o discourse_n more_o than_o childish_a that_o serve_v to_o keep_v fool_n in_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o earth_n stability_n 301_o the_o difficulty_n remove_v that_o arise_v from_o the_o earth_n move_v about_o the_o sun_n not_o solitary_o but_o in_o consort_n with_o the_o moon_n 307_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o earth_n continue_v always_o parallel_v to_o itself_o and_o describe_v a_o cylindraical_a superficies_n incline_v to_o the_o orb._n 344_o the_o orb_n of_o the_o earth_n never_o incline_v but_o be_v immutable_o the_o same_o 345_o the_o earth_n approach_v or_o recede_v from_o the_o fix_a star_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a the_o quantity_n of_o the_o grand_a orb._n 349_o if_o in_o the_o fix_a star_n one_o shall_v discover_v any_o mutation_n the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n will_v be_v undeniable_a 351_o necessary_a proposition_n for_o the_o better_a conceive_n of_o the_o consequence_n of_o the_o earth_n motion_n 354_o a_o admirable_a accident_n depend_v on_o the_o not-inclining_a of_o the_o earth_n axis_n 358_o four_o several_a motion_n assign_v to_o the_o earth_n 362_o the_o three_o motion_n ascribe_v to_o the_o earth_n be_v rather_o a_o rest_a immovable_a 363_o a_o admirable_a intern_a virtue_n or_o faculty_n of_o the_o earth_n globe_n to_o behold_v always_o the_o same_o part_n of_o heaven_n 363_o nature_n as_o iâ—_n sport_n make_v the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v of_o the_o sea_n to_o prove_v the_o earth_n mobility_n 379_o all_o terrene_a effect_n indifferent_o confirm_v the_o motion_n or_o rest_n of_o the_o earth_n except_o the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v of_o the_o sea_n 380_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o earth_n can_v approach_v or_o recede_v from_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o same_o 387_o the_o hypothesis_n of_o the_o earth_n mobility_n take_v in_o favour_n of_o the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v oppose_v 399_o the_o answer_n to_o those_o objection_n make_v against_o the_o earth_n motion_n 399_o the_o revolution_n of_o the_o earth_n confirm_v by_o a_o new_a argument_n take_v from_o the_o air_n 400_o the_o vaporous_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n partake_v of_o its_o motion_n 400_o another_o observation_n take_v from_o the_o air_n in_o confirmation_n 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or_o plat_v of_o all_o the_o river_n lake_n fen_n etc._n etc._n mention_v through_o out_o the_o work_n and_o if_o i_o have_v not_o keep_v touch_n in_o point_n of_o time_n let_v it_o be_v consider_v that_o i_o be_o the_o translator_n and_o not_o the_o printer_n to_o conclude_v according_a to_o your_o acceptance_n of_o these_o my_o endeavour_n you_o may_v expect_v some_o other_o tract_n of_o no_o less_o profit_n and_o delight_n farewell_n t._n s._n errata_fw-la of_o the_o second_o part_n of_o the_o first_o tome_n in_o preface_n read_v ferdinando_n ii_o ibid._n l'aqua_fw-la page_z 2._o line_n 26_o for_o must_v read_v much_o p._n 3._o l._n 22_o r._n and_o let_v l._n 25._o r._n water_n from_o l._n 41._o r._n tappe_n as_o every_o where_o else_o page_n 4._o l._n 18._o r_o cord_n page_n 6._o l._n 9_o r._n acquire_v or_o page_n 9_o l._n 1._o r._n irreperable_a p._n 10._o l._n 13._o r._n dissimboguement_fw-fr for_o page_n 17._o r._n p._n 15._o p._n 15._o l._n 27_o r._n in_o l._n 36_o r._n be_v as_o l._n 38_o r._n panaro_n p._n 17._o l._n 12_o giulto_n l._n 17._o r._n measurer_n l._n 25_o r._n measure_v it_o r._n necessary_o p._n 23._o l._n 19_o r._n for_o help_n for_o page_n 31._o r._n p._n 32._o p._n 24._o l._n 14_o r._n to_o l._n 17_o r._n nam_o of_o the._n l._n 23_o r._n easy_a p._n 25._o l._n 38._o r._n cock_n p._n 29._o l._n 7._o r._n last_v p._n 31._o l._n 32._o r._n soâ—_n p._n 41._o l._n 20._o r._n to_o the_o line_n p._n 48._o l._n 19_o r._n us_o the_o *_o id_fw-la figure_n false_a p._n 52._o l._n 30_o and_o 31._o for_o theorem_fw-la r._n proposition_n p._n 53._o l._n 29._o r._n again_o p._n 57_o l._n 19_o r._n same_o if_o l._n 44._o r._n bodily_a p._n 58._o l._n 9_o r._n gather_v l._n 40._o omit_v p._n 60._o l._n 2._o omit_v if_o p._n 65._o l._n 1._o r._n tide_n deal_n p._n 66._o l._n 35._o r._n stoppage_n of_o p._n 68_o l._n 12_o for_o lord_n the_o r._n lord_n l._n ult_n for_o they_o r._n it_n p._n 69._o l._n 14._o r._n to_o one_o id_fw-la carry_v deal_n to_o p._n 71._o l._n 20_o r._n and_o that_o l._n 25_o r._n brace_n it_o l._n 29._o r._n brace_n l._n 44_o r_o the_o breâ—t_n p._n 72._o l._n 23._o r._n serene_a highness_n p._n 73._o l._n 24_o r._n deliberation_n l._n 26_o for_o sum_n r._n moddel_n l._n 40._o r._n month_n p._n 79._o l._n 18._o r._n that_o into_o p._n 82._o l._n 22._o deal_n p._n 85._o l._n 9_o 10._o deal_n a_o free_a drame_n p._n 88_o l._n 5._o r._n palm_n p._n 89._o l._n 8._o r._n prince_n p._n 92._o l._n 3._o r._n discourse_n p._n 93._o l._n 31._o r._n tautology_n p._n 94._o l._n 9_o r._n miracle_n p._n 97._o l._n 13._o r._n weighty_a p._n 101._o l._n 21._o r._n marrara_n p._n 107._o l._n 28_o r._n patrimony_n l._n 40_o r._n above_o p._n 111._o l._n 16._o r._n say_v for_o p._n 432._o r._n p._n 114._o p._n 114._o l._n 35._o r._n of_o 200._o l._n 41._o r._n close_v p._n 115._o l._n 29._o r._n constant_a of_o the_o mensuration_n of_o run_v water_n lib_fw-la i._o what_o and_o of_o how_o great_a moment_n the_o consideration_n of_o motion_n be_v in_o natural_a thing_n be_v so_o manifest_a that_o the_o prince_n of_o peripatetic_n pronounce_v that_o in_o his_o school_n now_o much_o use_v sentence_n ignorato_fw-la motu_fw-la ignoratur_fw-la natura_fw-la thence_o it_o be_v that_o true_a philosopher_n have_v so_o travail_v in_o the_o contemplation_n of_o the_o celestial_a motion_n and_o in_o the_o speculation_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o animal_n that_o they_o have_v arrive_v to_o a_o wonderful_a height_n and_o sublimity_n of_o understanding_n under_o the_o same_o science_n of_o motion_n be_v comprehend_v all_o that_o which_o be_v write_v by_o mechanitian_n concern_v engine_n move_v of_o themselves_o machines_n move_a by_o the_o force_n of_o air_n and_o those_o which_o serve_v to_o move_v weight_n and_o immense_a magnitude_n with_o small_a force_n there_o appertain_v to_o the_o science_n of_o motion_n all_o that_o which_o have_v be_v write_v of_o the_o alteration_n not_o only_o of_o body_n but_o of_o our_o mind_n also_o and_o in_o sum_n this_o ample_a matter_n of_o motion_n be_v so_o extend_v and_o dilate_a that_o there_o be_v few_o thing_n which_o fall_v under_o man_n notice_n which_o be_v not_o conjoin_v with_o motion_n or_o at_o least_o depend_v thereupon_o or_o to_o the_o knowledge_n thereof_o direct_v and_o of_o almost_o every_o of_o they_o there_o have_v be_v write_v and_o compose_v by_o sublime_a wit_n learned_a treatise_n and_o instruction_n and_o because_o that_o in_o the_o year_n pass_v i_o have_v occasion_n by_o order_n of_o our_o lord_n pope_n vrban_n 8._o to_o apply_v my_o thought_n to_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o water_n of_o river_n a_o matter_n difficult_a most_o important_a and_o little_o handle_v by_o other_o have_v concern_v the_o same_o observe_v some_o particular_n not_o well_o observe_v or_o consider_v till_o now_o but_o of_o great_a moment_n both_o in_o public_a and_o private_a affair_n i_o have_v think_v good_a to_o publish_v they_o to_o the_o end_n that_o ingenious_a spirit_n may_v have_v occasion_n to_o discuss_v more_o exact_o than_o hitherto_o have_v be_v do_v so_o necessary_a and_o profitable_a a_o matter_n and_o to_o supply_v also_o my_o defect_n in_o this_o short_a and_o difficult_a tractate_n difficult_a i_o say_v for_o the_o truth_n be_v these_o knowledge_n though_o of_o thing_n next_o our_o sense_n be_v sometime_o more_o abstruse_a and_o hide_a than_o the_o knowledge_n of_o thing_n more_o remote_a and_o much_o better_a and_o with_o great_a exquisitness_n be_v know_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o planet_n and_o period_n of_o the_o star_n than_o those_o of_o river_n and_o sea_n as_o that_o singular_a light_n of_o philosophy_n of_o our_o time_n and_o my_o master_n signore_v galileo_n galilei_n wise_o observe_v in_o his_o book_n concern_v the_o solar_a spot_n and_o to_o proceed_v with_o a_o due_a order_n in_o science_n i_o will_v take_v some_o supposition_n and_o cognition_n sufficient_o clear_a from_o which_o i_o will_v afterward_o proceed_v to_o the_o deduce_v of_o the_o principal_a conclusion_n but_o to_o the_o end_n that_o what_o i_o have_v write_v at_o the_o end_n of_o this_o discourse_n in_o a_o demonstrative_a and_o geometrical_a method_n may_v also_o be_v understand_v of_o those_o which_o never_o have_v apply_v their_o thought_n to_o the_o study_n of_o geometry_n i_o have_v endeavour_v to_o explain_v my_o conceit_n by_o a_o example_n and_o with_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o natural_a thing_n themselves_o must_v after_o the_o same_o order_n in_o which_o i_o begin_v to_o doubt_v in_o this_o matter_n and_o have_v place_v this_o particular_a treatise_n here_o in_o the_o beginning_n advert_v nevertheless_o that_o
he_o who_o desire_v more_o full_a and_o absolute_a solidity_n of_o reason_n may_v overpass_v this_o prefatory_a discourse_n and_o only_o consider_v what_o be_v treat_v of_o in_o the_o demonstration_n place_v towards_o the_o end_n and_o return_v afterward_o to_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o thing_n collect_v in_o the_o corollary_n and_o appendix_n which_o demonstration_n notwithstanding_o may_v be_v pretermit_v by_o he_o that_o have_v not_o see_v at_o least_o the_o first_o six_o book_n of_o the_o element_n of_o euclid_n so_o that_o he_o diligent_o observe_v that_o which_o follow_v i_o say_v therefore_o that_o have_v in_o time_n past_a on_o divers_a occasion_n hear_v speak_v of_o the_o measure_n of_o the_o water_n of_o river_n and_o fountain_n say_v such_o a_o river_n be_v two_o or_o three_o thousand_o foot_n of_o water_n such_o a_o spring-water_n be_v twenty_o thirty_o or_o forty_o inch_n etc._n etc._n although_o in_o such_o manner_n i_o have_v find_v all_o to_o treat_v thereof_o in_o word_n and_o writing_n without_o variety_n and_o as_o we_o be_v wont_n to_o say_v constanti_fw-la sermone_fw-la yea_o even_a artist_n and_o ingeneer_n as_o if_o it_o be_v a_o thing_n that_o admit_v not_o of_o any_o doubt_n yet_o howsoever_o i_o remain_v still_o enfold_v in_o such_o a_o obscurity_n that_o i_o well_o know_v i_o understand_v nothing_o at_o all_o of_o that_o which_o other_o pretend_v full_a and_o clear_o to_o understand_v and_o my_o doubt_n arise_v from_o my_o frequent_a observation_n of_o many_o trench_n and_o channel_n which_o carry_v water_n to_o turn_v mill_n in_o which_o trench_n and_o channel_n the_o water_n be_v measure_v be_v find_v pretty_a deep_a but_o if_o afterward_o the_o same_o water_n be_v measure_v in_o the_o fall_n it_o make_v to_o turn_v the_o wheel_n of_o the_o mill_n it_o be_v much_o less_o not_o amount_v often_o to_o the_o ten_o part_n nor_o sometime_o to_o the_o twenty_o insomuch_o that_o the_o same_o run_a water_n come_v to_o be_v one_o while_n more_o another_o while_n less_o in_o measure_n in_o divers_a part_n of_o its_o channel_n and_o for_o that_o reason_n this_o vulgar_a manner_n of_o measure_v run_a water_n as_o indeterminate_v and_o uncertain_a be_v by_o i_o just_o suspect_v the_o measure_n be_v to_o be_v determinate_a and_o the_o same_o and_o here_o i_o free_o confess_v that_o i_o have_v singular_a help_n to_o resolve_v this_o difficulty_n from_o the_o excellent_a &_o accurate_a way_n of_o discourse_v as_o in_o allother_n matter_n so_o also_o in_o this_o of_o the_o right_n honourable_a and_o true_o noble_a signior_n ciampoli_n secretary_n of_o the_o pope_n secret_a affair_n who_o moreover_o not_o spare_v â—or_a the_o cost_n of_o the_o same_o generous_o give_v i_o occasion_n a_o few_o year_n past_a to_o try_v by_o exact_a experiment_n that_o which_o past_o concern_v this_o particular_a and_o to_o explain_v all_o more_o clear_o with_o a_o example_n we_o suppose_v a_o vessel_n fill_v with_o water_n as_o for_o instance_n a_o butt_n which_o be_v keep_v full_a though_o still_o water_n run_v out_o and_o the_o water_n run_v out_o by_o two_o tap_n equal_a of_o bigness_n one_o put_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o vessel_n and_o the_o other_o in_o the_o upper_a part_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o in_o the_o time_n wherein_o from_o the_o upper_a part_n shall_v issue_v a_o determinate_a measure_n of_o water_n from_o the_o inferior_a part_n there_o shall_v issue_v four_o five_o and_o many_o more_o of_o the_o same_o measure_n according_a to_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o height_n of_o the_o tap_n and_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o upper_a tap_n from_o the_o superficies_n and_o level_n of_o the_o water_n of_o the_o vessel_n and_o all_o this_o will_v always_o follow_v though_o as_o have_v be_v say_v the_o tap_n be_v equal_a and_o the_o water_n in_o discharge_v keep_v the_o say_a tap_n always_o full_a where_o first_o we_o note_v that_o although_o the_o measure_n of_o the_o tap_n be_v equal_a nevertheless_o there_o issue_v from_o they_o in_o equal_a time_n unequal_a quantity_n of_o water_n and_o if_o we_o shall_v more_o attentive_o consider_v this_o business_n we_o shall_v find_v that_o the_o water_n by_o the_o low_a tap_n run_v and_o pass_v with_o much_o great_a velocity_n than_o it_o do_v by_o the_o upper_a whatever_o be_v the_o reason_n if_o therefore_o we_o will_v have_v such_o a_o quantity_n of_o water_n discharge_v from_o the_o upper_a tap_n as_o will_v discharge_v from_o the_o nether_a in_o the_o same_o time_n it_o be_v plain_a that_o either_o the_o upper_a tap_n must_v be_v multiply_v in_o such_o sort_n that_o so_o many_o more_o tap_n in_o number_n be_v place_v above_o than_o below_o as_o the_o nether_a tap_n shall_v be_v more_o swift_a than_o the_o upper_a or_o the_o upper_a tap_n make_v so_o much_o big_a than_o the_o nether_a by_o how_o much_o that_o beneath_o shall_v be_v more_o swift_a than_o that_o above_o and_o so_o then_o in_o equal_a time_n the_o same_o quantity_n of_o water_n shall_v discharge_v from_o the_o upper_a as_o do_v fromthâ—e_o nether_a part_n i_o will_v declare_v myself_o by_o another_o example_n if_o we_o shall_v imagine_v that_o two_o cord_n or_o line_n of_o equal_a thickness_n be_v draw_v through_o two_o hole_n of_o equal_a bore_n but_o so_o that_o the_o first_o pass_v with_o quadruple_a velocity_n to_o the_o second_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o if_o in_o a_o determinate_a time_n we_o shall_v by_o the_o first_o bear_v have_v draw_v four_o ell_n of_o the_o line_n in_o the_o same_o time_n by_o the_o second_o hole_n we_o shall_v have_v draw_v but_o one_o ell_n of_o cord_n only_o and_o if_o by_o the_o first_o there_o pass_v twelve_o ell_n then_o through_o the_o second_o there_o shall_v pass_v only_o three_o ell_n and_o in_o short_a the_o quantity_n of_o cord_n shall_v have_v the_o same_o proportion_n to_o the_o cord_n that_o the_o volocity_n have_v to_o the_o velocity_n and_o therefore_o we_o desire_v to_o compensate_a the_o tardity_n of_o the_o second_o cord_n and_o maintain_v the_o same_o tardity_n to_o draw_v through_o the_o second_o hole_n as_o much_o cord_n as_o through_o the_o first_o it_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o draw_v through_o the_o second_o bear_v four_o end_n of_o cord_n so_o that_o the_o thickness_n of_o all_o the_o cord_n by_o the_o second_o hole_n have_v the_o same_o proportion_n to_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o cord_n which_o pass_v only_o by_o the_o first_o as_o the_o velocity_n of_o the_o cord_n by_o the_o first_o hole_n have_v reciprocal_o to_o the_o velocity_n of_o the_o codâ—s_n by_o the_o second_o hole_n and_o thus_o its_o clear_a that_o when_o there_o be_v draw_v through_o two_o hole_n equal_a quantity_n of_o cord_n in_o equal_a time_n but_o with_o unequal_a velocity_n it_o will_v be_v necessary_a that_o the_o thickness_n of_o all_o the_o four_o cord_n shall_v have_v the_o same_o reciprocal_a proportion_n to_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o swift_a cord_n that_o the_o velocity_n of_o the_o swift_a cord_n have_v to_o the_o velocity_n of_o the_o slow_a the_o which_o be_v verify_v likewise_o in_o the_o fluid_a element_n of_o water_n and_o to_o the_o end_n that_o this_o principal_a fundamental_a be_v well_o understand_v i_o will_v also_o note_v a_o certain_a observation_n make_v my_o i_n in_o the_o art_n of_o wyer-drawing_a or_o spin_v gold_n silver_n brass_n and_o iron_n and_o it_o be_v this_o that_o such_o artificer_n desire_v more_o and_o more_o to_o disgrosse_v and_o subtillize_v the_o say_a metal_n have_v wound_n about_o a_o rocket_n or_o barrel_n the_o thread_n of_o the_o metal_n they_o place_v the_o rocket_n in_o a_o frame_n upon_o a_o steadfast_a axis_n in_o such_o sort_n that_o the_o rocket_n may_v turn_v about_o in_o itself_o then_o make_v one_o end_n of_o the_o thread_n to_o pass_v by_o force_n through_o a_o plate_n of_o steel_n pierce_v with_o divers_a hole_n great_a and_o lesser_a as_o need_n require_v fasten_v the_o same_o end_n of_o the_o thread_n to_o another_o rocket_n they_o wind_v up_o the_o thread_n which_o pass_v through_o a_o bear_v less_o than_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o thread_n be_v of_o force_n constrain_v to_o disgrosse_v and_o subtillize_v now_o that_o which_o be_v intense_o to_o be_v observe_v in_o this_o business_n be_v this_o that_o the_o part_n of_o the_o thread_n before_o the_o hole_n be_v of_o such_o a_o thickness_n but_o the_o part_n of_o the_o same_o thread_n after_o it_o be_v pass_v the_o hole_n be_v of_o a_o lesser_a thickness_n and_o yet_o nevertheless_o the_o mass_n and_o weight_n of_o the_o thread_n which_o be_v draw_v forth_o be_v ever_o equal_a to_o the_o mass_n and_o weight_n of_o the_o thread_n which_o be_v wind_v up_o but_o if_o we_o shall_v well_o consider_v the_o matter_n we_o shall_v find_v that_o the_o thick_a the_o thread_n before_o the_o hole_n
great_a measure_n than_o in_o those_o part_n in_o which_o it_o be_v more_o swift_a and_o therefore_o ordinary_o shall_v be_v also_o more_o deep_a and_o dangerous_a for_o passenger_n whence_o it_o be_v well_o say_v take_v heed_n of_o the_o still_a water_n and_o this_o say_n have_v be_v since_o apply_v to_o thing_n moral_a corollary_n vii_o likewise_o from_o the_o thing_n demonstrate_v may_v be_v conclude_v that_o the_o wind_n which_o stop_v a_o river_n and_o blow_v against_o the_o current_n retard_v its_o course_n and_o ordinary_a velocity_n shall_v necessary_o amplify_v the_o measure_n of_o the_o same_o river_n and_o consequent_o shall_v be_v in_o great_a part_n cause_n or_o we_o may_v say_v potent_a concause_n of_o make_v the_o extraordinary_a inundation_n which_o river_n use_v to_o make_v and_o it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o as_o often_o as_o a_o strong_a and_o continual_a wind_n shall_v blow_v against_o the_o current_n of_o a_o river_n and_o shall_v reduce_v the_o water_n of_o the_o river_n to_o such_o tardity_n of_o motion_n that_o in_o the_o time_n wherein_o before_o it_o run_v five_o mile_n it_o now_o move_v but_o one_o such_o a_o river_n will_v increase_v to_o five_o time_n the_o measure_n though_o there_o shall_v not_o be_v add_v any_o other_o quantity_n of_o water_n which_o thing_n indeed_o have_v in_o it_o something_o of_o strange_a but_o it_o be_v most_o certain_a for_o that_o look_v what_o proportion_n the_o water_n velocity_n before_o the_o wind_n have_v to_o the_o velocity_n after_o the_o wind_n and_o sueh_a reciprocal_o be_v the_o measure_n of_o the_o same_o water_n after_o the_o wind_n to_o the_o measure_n before_o the_o wind_n and_o because_o it_o have_v be_v suppose_v in_o our_o case_n that_o the_o velocity_n be_v diminish_v to_o a_o five_o part_n therefore_o the_o measure_n shall_v be_v increase_v five_o time_n more_o than_o that_o which_o it_o be_v before_o corollary_n viii_o we_o have_v also_o probable_a the_o cause_n of_o the_o inundation_n of_o tiber_n which_o befall_v at_o rome_n in_o the_o time_n of_o alexander_n the_o six_o &_o of_o clement_n the_o seven_o which_o inundation_n come_v in_o a_o serene_a time_n and_o without_o great_a thaw_n of_o the_o snow_n which_o therefore_o much_o puzzle_v the_o wit_n of_o those_o time_n but_o we_o may_v with_o much_o probability_n affirm_v that_o the_o river_n rise_v to_o such_o a_o height_n and_o excrescence_n by_o the_o retardation_n of_o the_o water_n dependent_a on_o the_o boisterous_a and_o constant_a wind_n that_o blow_v in_o those_o time_n as_o be_v note_v in_o the_o memorial_n corollary_n ix_o it_o be_v most_o manifest_a that_o by_o the_o great_a abundance_n of_o water_n the_o torrent_n may_v increase_v and_o of_o themselves_o alone_o exorbitant_o swell_v the_o river_n and_o have_v demonstrate_v that_o also_o without_o new_a water_n but_o only_o by_o the_o notable_a retardment_n the_o river_n rise_v and_o increase_v in_o measure_n in_o proportion_n as_o the_o velocity_n decrease_v hence_o it_o be_v apparent_a that_o each_o of_o these_o cause_n be_v able_a of_o itself_o and_o separate_v from_o the_o other_o to_o swell_v the_o river_n when_o it_o shall_v happen_v that_o both_o these_o two_o cause_n conspire_v the_o augmentation_n of_o the_o river_n in_o such_o a_o case_n there_o must_v follow_v very_o great_a and_o irrepable_a inundation_n corollary_n x._o from_o what_o have_v be_v demonstrate_v we_o may_v with_o facility_n resolve_v the_o doubt_n which_o have_v trouble_v and_o still_o pose_v the_o most_o diligent_a but_o incautelous_a observer_n of_o river_n who_o measure_v the_o stream_n and_o torrent_n which_o fall_v into_o another_o river_n as_o those_o for_o instance_n which_o enter_v into_o the_o po_n or_o those_o which_o fall_v into_o tiber_n and_o have_v sum_v the_o total_a of_o these_o measure_n and_o confer_v the_o measure_n of_o the_o river_n and_o brook_n which_o fall_v into_o tiber_n with_o the_o measure_n of_o tiber_n and_o the_o measure_n of_o those_o which_o disimbogue_v into_o po_n with_o the_o measure_n of_o po_n they_o find_v they_o not_o equal_a as_o it_o seem_v to_o they_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v and_o this_o be_v because_o they_o have_v not_o well_o note_v the_o most_o important_a point_n of_o the_o variation_n of_o velocity_n and_o how_o that_o it_o be_v the_o most_o potent_a cause_n of_o wonderful_o alter_v the_o measure_n of_o run_a water_n but_o we_o most_o facil_o resolve_v the_o doubt_n may_v say_v that_o these_o water_n diminish_v the_o measure_n be_v once_o enter_v the_o principal_a channel_n because_o they_o increase_v in_o velocity_n corollary_n xi_o through_o the_o ignorance_n of_o the_o force_n of_o the_o velocity_n of_o the_o water_n in_o alter_v its_o measure_n &_o augment_v it_o when_o the_o velocity_n diminish_v and_o diminish_v it_o when_o the_o velocity_n augment_v the_o architect_n giovanni_n fontana_n endeavour_v to_o measure_n and_o and_o to_o cause_n to_o be_v measure_v by_o his_o nephew_n all_o the_o brook_n and_o river_n which_o discharge_v their_o water_n into_o tiber_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o innundation_n which_o happen_v at_o rome_n in_o the_o year_n 1598._o and_o publish_v a_o small_a treatise_n thereof_o wherein_o he_o sum_v up_o the_o measure_n of_o the_o extraordinary_a water_n which_o fall_v into_o tiber_n and_o make_v account_n that_o it_o be_v about_o five_o hundred_o ell_n more_o than_o ordinary_a and_o in_o the_o end_n of_o that_o treatise_n conclude_v that_o to_o remove_v the_o innundation_n whole_o from_o rome_n it_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o make_v two_o other_o channel_n equal_a to_o that_o at_o present_a and_o that_o less_o will_v not_o suffice_v and_o find_v afterward_o that_o the_o whole_a stream_n pass_v under_o the_o bridge_n quattro-capi_a the_o arch_n whereof_o be_v of_o a_o far_o less_o measure_n than_o five_o hundred_o ell_n conclude_v that_o under_o the_o say_a bridge_n past_o a_o hundred_o fifty_o one_o ell_n of_o water_n compress_v i_o have_v set_v down_o the_o precise_a term_n of_o compress_a water_n write_v by_o fontana_n wherein_o i_o find_v many_o error_n the_o first_o of_o which_o be_v to_o think_v that_o the_o measure_n of_o these_o water_n compress_v in_o the_o channel_n of_o those_o brook_n and_o river_n shall_v maintain_v themselves_o the_o same_o in_o tiber_n which_o by_o his_o leave_n be_v most_o false_a when_o ever_o those_o water_n reduce_v into_o tiber_n retain_v not_o the_o same_o velocity_n which_o they_o have_v in_o the_o place_n in_o which_o fontana_n and_o his_o nephew_n measure_v they_o and_o all_o this_o be_v manifest_a from_o the_o thing_n which_o we_o have_v above_o explain_v for_o if_o the_o water_n reduce_v into_o tiber_n increase_n in_o velocity_n they_o decrease_v in_o measure_n and_o if_o they_o decrease_v in_o velocity_n they_o increase_v in_o measure_n second_o i_o consider_v that_o the_o measure_n of_o those_o brook_n and_o river_n which_o enter_v into_o tiber_n at_o the_o time_n of_o innundation_n be_v not_o between_o themselves_o real_o the_o same_o when_o their_o velocity_n be_v not_o equal_a though_o they_o have_v the_o same_o name_n of_o ell_n and_o foot_n for_o that_o its_o possible_a that_o a_o disinboguement_fw-fr of_o ten_o ell_n requadrate_v to_o speak_v in_o the_o phrase_n of_o fontana_n of_o one_o of_o those_o brook_n may_v discharge_v into_o tiber_n at_o the_o time_n of_o innundation_n four_o ten_o and_o twenty_o time_n less_o water_n than_o another_o mouth_n equal_a to_o the_o first_o in_o greatness_n as_o will_v occur_v when_o the_o first_o mouth_n be_v four_o ten_o or_o twenty_o time_n less_o swift_a than_o the_o second_o whereupon_o whilst_o fontana_n sum_v up_o the_o ell_n and_o foot_n of_o the_o measure_n of_o those_o brook_n and_o river_n into_o a_o total_a aggregate_v he_o commit_v the_o same_o error_n with_o he_o which_o will_v add_v into_o one_o sum_n diverse_a money_n of_o diverse_a value_n and_o diverse_a place_n but_o that_o have_v the_o same_o name_n as_o if_o one_o shall_v say_v ten_o crown_n of_o roman_a money_n four_o crown_n of_o gold_n thirteen_o crown_n of_o florence_n five_o crown_n of_o venice_n and_o eight_o crown_n of_o mantua_n shall_v make_v the_o same_o sum_n with_o forty_o crown_n of_o gold_n or_o forty_o crown_n of_o mantua_n three_o it_o may_v happen_v that_o some_o river_n or_o current_n in_o the_o part_n near_o rome_n in_o the_o time_n of_o its_o flow_n do_v not_o send_v forth_o more_o water_n than_o ordinary_a and_o however_o it_o be_v a_o thing_n very_o clear_a that_o whilst_o the_o stream_n come_v from_o the_o superior_a part_n that_o same_o brook_n or_o river_n will_v be_v augment_v in_o measure_n as_o have_v be_v note_v in_o the_o four_o corollary_n in_o such_o sort_n that_o fontana_n may_v have_v inculcate_v and_o note_v that_o same_o river_n or_o current_n as_o concur_v to_o the_o innundation_n although_o it_o
be_v therein_o altogether_o unconcern_v moreover_o in_o the_o four_o place_n we_o must_v note_v that_o it_o may_v so_o fall_v out_o that_o such_o a_o river_n not_o only_o be_v uninteress_v in_o the_o innundation_n though_o augment_v in_o measure_n but_o it_o may_v i_o say_v happen_v that_o it_o be_v instrumental_a to_o the_o asswage_a the_o innundation_n by_o augment_v in_o the_o measure_n of_o its_o own_o channel_n which_o matter_n be_v sufficient_o evident_a for_o if_o it_o be_v suppose_v that_o the_o river_n in_o the_o time_n of_o flood_n have_v not_o have_v of_o itself_o and_o from_o its_o proper_a spring_n more_o water_n than_o ordinary_a it_o be_v a_o thing_n certain_a that_o the_o water_n of_o tiber_n rise_v and_o increase_v also_o that_o river_n to_o level_v itself_o with_o the_o water_n of_o tiber_n will_v have_v retain_v some_o of_o its_o water_n in_o its_o own_o channel_n without_o discharge_v they_o into_o tiber_n or_o else_o will_v have_v ingorge_v and_o swallow_v if_o i_o may_v so_o say_v some_o of_o the_o water_n of_o tiber_n and_o in_o this_o case_n at_o the_o time_n of_o inundation_n less_o abundance_n of_o water_n will_v have_v come_v to_o rome_n and_o yet_o nevertheless_o the_o measure_n of_o that_o river_n will_v have_v be_v increase_v five_o fontana_n deceive_v himself_o when_o he_o conclude_v that_o to_o remove_v the_o inundation_n from_o rome_n it_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o make_v two_o other_o channel_n of_o river_n that_o be_v as_o large_a as_o that_o which_o be_v the_o present_a one_o and_o that_o less_o will_v not_o suffice_v which_o i_o say_v be_v a_o fallacy_n and_o to_o convince_v he_o easy_o of_o his_o error_n it_o suffice_v to_o say_v that_o all_o the_o stream_n be_v pass_v under_o the_o bridge_n quattro-capi_a as_o he_o himself_o atte_v a_o channel_n will_v suffice_v only_o of_o the_o capacity_n of_o the_o say_a bridge_n provide_v that_o the_o water_n there_o may_v run_v with_o the_o same_o velocity_n as_o it_o do_v under_o the_o bridge_n at_o the_o time_n of_o inundation_n and_o on_o the_o contrary_a twenty_o current_n of_o capacity_n equal_a to_o the_o present_a one_o will_v not_o suffice_v if_o the_o water_n shall_v run_v with_o twenty_o time_n less_o velocity_n than_o it_o make_v at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o inundation_n six_o to_o i_o it_o seem_v a_o great_a weakness_n to_o say_v that_o there_o shall_v pass_v under_o the_o bridge_n quattro-capi_a a_o hundred_o fifty_o one_o ell_n of_o water_n compress_v for_o that_o i_o do_v not_o understand_v that_o water_n be_v like_o cotton_n or_o wool_n which_o matter_n may_v be_v press_v and_o tread_v as_o it_o happen_v also_o to_o the_o air_n which_o receive_v compression_n in_o such_o sort_n that_o after_o that_o in_o some_o certain_a place_n a_o quantity_n of_o air_n shall_v be_v reduce_v to_o its_o natural_a constitution_n and_o have_v take_v up_o all_o the_o say_a place_n yet_o nevertheless_o compress_v the_o first_o air_n with_o force_n and_o violence_n it_o be_v reduce_v into_o far_o less_o room_n and_o will_v admit_v four_o or_o six_o time_n as_o much_o air_n as_o before_z as_o be_v experimental_o engine_n see_v in_o the_o windgun_n invent_v in_o our_o day_n by_o m._n vincenzo_n vincenti_fw-la of_o urbin_n which_o property_n of_o the_o air_n of_o admit_v condensation_n be_v also_o see_v in_o the_o portable_a fountain_n of_o the_o same_o m._n vincenzo_n which_o fountain_n spurt_v the_o water_n on_o high_a by_o force_n of_o the_o air_n compress_v which_o whilst_o it_o seek_v to_o reduce_v its_o self_n to_o its_o natural_a constitution_n in_o the_o dilation_n cause_v that_o violence_n but_o the_o water_n can_v never_o for_o any_o thing_n i_o know_v crowd_n or_o press_v so_o as_o that_o if_o before_o the_o compression_n it_o hold_v or_o possess_v a_o place_n be_v in_o its_o natural_a constitution_n i_o believe_v not_o i_o say_v that_o it_o be_v possible_a by_o press_v and_o crowd_v to_o make_v it_o possess_v less_o room_n for_o if_o it_o be_v possible_a to_o compress_v the_o water_n and_o make_v it_o to_o occupy_v a_o less_o place_n it_o will_v thence_o follow_v that_o two_o vessel_n of_o equal_a measure_n but_o of_o unequal_a height_n shall_v be_v of_o unequal_a capacity_n and_o that_o shall_v hold_v more_o water_n which_o be_v high_a also_o a_o cylinder_n or_o other_o vessel_n more_o high_a than_o broad_a will_v contain_v more_o water_n erect_v than_o be_v lay_v along_o for_o that_o be_v erect_v the_o water_n put_v therein_o will_v be_v more_o press_v and_o crowd_v and_o therefore_o in_o our_o case_n according_a to_o our_o principle_n we_o will_v say_v that_o the_o water_n of_o that_o stream_n pass_v all_o under_o the_o say_a bridge_n quattro-capi_a for_o that_o be_v there_o most_o swift_a it_o ought_v of_o consequence_n to_o be_v less_o in_o measure_n and_o here_o one_o may_v see_v into_o how_o many_o error_n a_o man_n may_v run_v through_o ignorance_n of_o a_o true_a and_o real_a principle_n which_o once_o know_v and_o well_o understand_v take_v away_o all_o mist_n of_o doubt_v and_o easy_o resolve_v all_o difficulty_n corollary_n xii_o through_o the_o same_o inadvertency_n of_o not_o regard_v the_o variation_n of_o velocity_n in_o the_o same_o current_n there_o be_v commit_v by_o ingineer_n and_o learned_a man_n error_n of_o very_a great_a moment_n and_o i_o can_v thereof_o produce_v example_n but_o for_o good_a reason_n i_o pass_v they_o over_o in_o silence_n when_o they_o think_v and_o propose_v by_o derive_v new_a channel_n from_o great_a river_n to_o diminish_v the_o measure_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o river_n and_o to_o diminish_v it_o proportional_o according_a to_o the_o measure_n of_o the_o water_n which_o they_o make_v to_o pass_v through_o the_o channel_n as_o make_v v._n g._n a_o channel_n fifty_o foot_n broad_a in_o which_o the_o derive_v water_n be_v to_o run_v waste_n ten_o foot_n deep_a they_o think_v they_o have_v diminish_v the_o measure_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o river_n five_o hundred_o foot_n which_o thing_n do_v not_o indeed_o so_o fall_v out_o and_o the_o reason_n be_v plain_a for_o that_o the_o channel_n be_v derive_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o main_a river_n diminish_v in_o velocity_n and_o therefore_o retain_v a_o great_a measure_n than_o it_o have_v at_o first_o before_o the_o derivation_n of_o the_o channel_n and_o moreover_o if_o the_o channel_n be_v derive_v it_o shall_v not_o conserve_v the_o same_o velocity_n which_o it_o have_v at_o first_o in_o the_o main_a river_n but_o shall_v diminish_v it_o it_o will_v be_v necessary_a that_o it_o have_v a_o great_a measure_n than_o it_o have_v before_o in_o the_o river_n and_o therefore_o to_o account_v aright_o there_o shall_v not_o be_v so_o much_o water_n derive_v into_o the_o channel_n as_o shall_v diminish_v the_o river_n according_a to_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o channel_n as_o be_v pretend_v corollary_n xiii_o this_o same_o consideration_n give_v i_o occasion_n to_o discover_v a_o most_o ordinary_a error_n observe_v by_o i_o in_o the_o business_n of_o the_o water_n of_o ferara_n when_o i_o be_v in_o those_o part_n in_o service_n of_o the_o most_o reverend_a and_o illustrious_a monsignor_n corsini_n the_o sublime_a wit_n of_o who_o have_v be_v a_o very_a great_a help_n to_o i_o in_o these_o contemplation_n it_o be_v very_o true_a i_o have_v be_v much_o perplex_v whether_o i_o shall_v commit_v this_o particular_a to_o paper_n or_o pass_v it_o over_o in_o silence_n for_o that_o i_o have_v ever_o doubt_v that_o the_o opinion_n so_o common_a and_o moreover_o confirm_v with_o a_o most_o manifest_a experiment_n may_v not_o only_o make_v this_o my_o conjecture_n to_o be_v esteem_v far_o from_o true_a but_o also_o to_o discredit_v with_o the_o world_n the_o rest_n of_o this_o my_o treatise_n nevertheless_o i_o have_v at_o last_o resolve_v not_o to_o be_v want_v to_o myself_o and_o to_o truth_n in_o a_o matter_n of_o itself_o and_o for_o other_o consequence_n most_o important_a nor_o do_v it_o seem_v to_o i_o requisite_a in_o difficult_a matter_n such_o as_o these_o we_o have_v in_o hand_n to_o resign_v ourselves_o to_o the_o common_a opinion_n since_o it_o will_v be_v very_o strange_a if_o the_o multitude_n in_o such_o matter_n shall_v hit_v on_o the_o truth_n nor_o aught_o that_o to_o be_v hold_v difficult_a in_o which_o even_o the_o vulgar_a do_v know_v the_o truth_n and_o right_n beside_o that_o i_o hope_v morever_o to_o prove_v all_o in_o such_o sort_n that_o person_n of_o solid_a judgement_n shall_v rest_v full_o persuade_v so_o that_o they_o but_o keep_v in_o mind_n the_o principal_a ground_n and_o foundation_n of_o all_o this_o treatise_n and_o though_o that_o which_o i_o will_v propose_v be_v a_o particular_a as_o i_o have_v say_v pertain_v only_o to_o the_o interest_n of_o
ferara_n yet_o nevertheless_o from_o this_o particular_a doctrine_n well_o understand_v good_a judgement_n may_v be_v make_v of_o other_o the_o like_a case_n in_o general_n i_o say_v then_o for_o great_a perspecuity_n and_o better_a understanding_n of_o the_o whole_a that_o about_o thirteen_o mile_n above_o ferara_n near_o to_o stellata_fw-la the_o main_a of_o po_n branch_a itself_o into_o two_o part_n with_o one_o of_o its_o arm_n it_o come_v close_o to_o ferara_n retain_v the_o name_n of_o the_o po_n of_o ferara_n and_o here_o again_o it_o divide_v itself_o into_o two_o other_o branch_n and_o that_o which_o continue_v on_o the_o right_a hand_n be_v call_v the_o po_n of_o argenta_n and_o of_o primaro_n and_o that_o on_o the_o leave_v the_o po_n of_o volana_n but_o for_o that_o the_o bed_n of_o the_o po_n of_o ferara_n be_v heretofore_o augment_v and_o raise_v it_o follow_v that_o it_o rest_v whole_o deprive_v of_o the_o water_n of_o the_o great_a po_n except_o in_o the_o time_n of_o its_o great_a swell_n for_o in_o that_o case_n this_o po_n of_o ferara_n be_v restrain_v with_o a_o bank_n near_o to_o bondeno_n will_v come_v also_o in_o the_o overflowing_n of_o the_o main_a po_n to_o be_v free_a from_o its_o water_n but_o the_o lord_n of_o ferara_n be_v wont_n at_o such_o time_n as_o the_o po_n threaten_v to_o break_v out_o to_o cut_v the_o bank_n by_o which_o cut_v there_o disgorge_v such_o a_o torrent_n of_o water_n that_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o main_a po_n in_o the_o space_n of_o some_o few_o hour_n abate_v near_o a_o foot_n and_o all_o person_n that_o i_o have_v speak_v with_o hitherto_o move_v by_o this_o experiment_n think_v that_o it_o be_v of_o great_a profit_n and_o benefit_n to_o keep_v ready_a this_o vent_n and_o to_o make_v use_n of_o it_o in_o the_o time_n of_o its_o fullness_n and_o indeed_o the_o thing_n consider_v simple_o and_o at_o the_o first_o appearance_n it_o seem_v that_o none_o can_v think_v otherwise_o the_o rather_o for_o that_o many_o examine_v the_o matter_n narrow_o measure_v that_o body_n of_o water_n which_o run_v by_o the_o channel_n or_o bed_n of_o the_o po_n of_o ferara_n and_o make_v account_n that_o the_o body_n of_o the_o water_n of_o the_o great_a po_n be_v diminish_v the_o quantity_n of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o water_n which_o run_v by_o the_o po_n of_o ferara_n but_o if_o we_o well_o remember_v what_o have_v be_v say_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o treatise_n and_o how_o much_o the_o variety_n of_o the_o velocity_n of_o the_o say_a water_n import_v and_o the_o knowledge_n of_o they_o be_v necessary_a to_o conclude_v the_o true_a quantity_n of_o the_o run_a water_n we_o shall_v find_v it_o manifest_v that_o the_o benefit_n of_o this_o vent_n be_v far_o less_o than_o it_o be_v general_o think_v and_o mereover_o we_o shall_v find_v if_o i_o deceive_v not_o myself_o that_o there_o follow_v from_o thence_o so_o many_o mischief_n that_o i_o can_v great_o incline_v to_o believe_v that_o it_o be_v more_o to_o the_o purpose_n whole_o to_o stop_v it_o up_o than_o to_o maintain_v it_o open_a yet_o i_o be_o not_o so_o wed_v to_o my_o opinion_n but_o that_o i_o be_o ready_a to_o change_v my_o judgement_n upon_o strength_n of_o better_a reason_n especial_o of_o one_o that_o shall_v have_v first_o well_o understand_v the_o beginning_n of_o this_o my_o discourse_n which_o i_o frequent_o inculcate_v because_o it_o be_v absolute_o impossible_a without_o this_o advertisement_n to_o treat_v of_o these_o matter_n and_o not_o commit_v very_o great_a error_n i_o propose_v therefore_o to_o consideration_n that_o although_o it_o be_v true_a that_o whilst_o the_o water_n of_o the_o main_a po_n be_v at_o its_o great_a height_n the_o bank_n and_o dam_n then_o cut_v of_o the_o po_n of_o ferara_n and_o the_o superior_a water_n have_v a_o very_a great_a fall_n into_o the_o channel_n of_o ferara_n they_o precipitate_v into_o the_o same_o with_o great_a violence_n and_o velocity_n and_o with_o the_o same_o in_o the_o beginning_n or_o little_o less_o they_o run_v towards_o the_o po_n of_o volana_n and_o of_o argenta_n on_o the_o sea_n coast_n yet_o after_o the_o space_n of_o some_o few_o hour_n the_o po_n of_o ferara_n be_v full_a and_o the_o superior_a water_n not_o find_v so_o great_a a_o diclivity_n there_o as_o they_o have_v at_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o cut_n they_o fall_v not_o into_o the_o same_o with_o the_o former_a velocity_n but_o with_o far_o less_o and_o thereby_o a_o great_a deal_n less_o water_n begin_v to_o issue_v from_o the_o great_a po_n and_o if_o we_o diligent_o compare_v the_o velocity_n at_o the_o first_o cut_v with_o the_o velocity_n of_o the_o water_n after_o the_o cut_v make_v and_o when_o the_o po_n of_o ferara_n shall_v be_v full_a of_o water_n we_o shall_v find_v perhaps_o that_o to_o be_v fifteen_o or_o twenty_o time_n great_a than_o this_o and_o consequent_o the_o water_n which_o issue_v from_o the_o great_a po_n that_o first_o impetuosity_n be_v past_a shall_v be_v only_o the_o fifteen_o or_o twenty_o part_n of_o that_o which_o issue_v at_o the_o beginning_n and_o therefore_o the_o water_n of_o the_o main_a po_n will_v return_v in_o a_o small_a time_n almost_o to_o the_o first_o height_n and_o here_o i_o will_v pray_v those_o who_o rest_v not_o whole_o satisfy_v with_o what_o have_v be_v say_v that_o for_o the_o love_n of_o truth_n and_o the_o common_a good_a they_o will_v please_v to_o make_v diligent_a observation_n whether_o in_o the_o time_n of_o great_a flood_n the_o say_a bank_n or_o dam_n at_o bondeno_n be_v cut_v and_o that_o in_o few_o hour_n the_o main_a po_n diminish_v as_o have_v be_v say_v about_o a_o foot_n in_o its_o height_n that_o they_o will_v observe_v i_o say_v whether_o a_o day_n or_o two_o be_v past_a the_o water_n of_o the_o main_a po_n return_v almost_o to_o their_o first_o height_n for_o if_o this_o shall_v follow_v it_o will_v be_v very_o clear_a that_o the_o benefit_n which_o result_v from_o this_o diversion_n or_o vent_n be_v not_o so_o great_a as_o be_v universal_o presume_v i_o say_v it_o be_v not_o so_o great_a as_o be_v presume_v because_o though_o it_o be_v grant_v for_o true_a that_o the_o water_n of_o the_o main_a po_n abate_v at_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o vent_n yet_o this_o benefit_n happen_v to_o be_v but_o temporary_a and_o for_o a_o few_o hour_n if_o the_o rise_n of_o po_n and_o the_o danger_n of_o break_v forth_o be_v of_o short_a duration_n as_o it_o ordinary_o befall_v in_o the_o overflowing_n of_o torrent_n in_o such_o a_o case_n the_o profit_n of_o the_o vent_n will_v be_v of_o some_o esteem_n but_o because_o the_o swell_n of_o po_n continue_v for_o thirty_o or_o sometime_o for_o forty_o day_n therefore_o the_o gain_n which_o result_v from_o the_o vent_n prove_v to_o be_v inconsiderable_a it_o remain_v now_o to_o consider_v the_o notable_a harm_n which_o follow_v the_o say_a sluice_n or_o vent_n that_o so_o reflection_n be_v make_v and_o the_o profit_n and_o the_o detriment_n compare_v one_o may_v right_o judge_v and_o choose_v that_o which_o shall_v be_v most_o convenient_a the_o first_o prejudice_n therefore_o which_o arise_v from_o this_o vent_n or_o sluice_n be_v that_o the_o channel_n of_o ferara_n primaro_n and_o volana_n fill_v with_o water_n all_o those_o part_n from_o bondeno_n to_o the_o sea_n side_n be_v alarm_v and_o endanger_v thereby_o second_o the_o water_n of_o the_o po_n of_o primaro_n have_v free_a ingress_n into_o the_o upper_a valley_n they_o fill_v they_o to_o the_o great_a damage_n of_o the_o field_n adjacent_a and_o obstruct_v the_o course_n of_o the_o ordinary_a trench_n in_o the_o same_o valley_n insomuch_o that_o all_o the_o care_n cost_n and_o labour_n about_o the_o drain_n and_o free_v the_o upper_a valley_n from_o water_n will_v also_o become_v vain_a and_o ineffectual_a three_o i_o consider_v that_o these_o water_n of_o the_o po_n of_o ferara_n be_v pass_v downward_o towards_o the_o sea_n at_o the_o time_n that_o the_o main_a po_n be_v in_o its_o great_a excrescence_n and_o height_n it_o be_v manifest_a by_o experience_n that_o when_o the_o great_a po_n diminish_v than_o these_o water_n pass_v by_o the_o po_n of_o ferara_n begin_v to_o retard_v in_o their_o course_n and_o final_o come_v to_o turn_v the_o current_n upward_o towards_o stellata_fw-la rest_v first_o in_o the_o intermediate_v time_n almost_o fix_v and_o stand_v and_o therefore_o depose_v the_o muddinesse_n they_o fill_v up_o the_o channel_n of_o the_o river_n or_o current_n of_o ferara_n four_o and_o last_o there_o follow_v from_o this_o same_o diversion_n another_o notable_a damage_n and_o it_o be_v like_a to_o that_o which_o follow_v the_o breach_n make_v by_o river_n near_o to_o which_o breach_n
in_o the_o low_a part_n namely_o below_o the_o breach_n there_o be_v beget_v in_o the_o channel_n of_o the_o river_n a_o certain_a ridge_n or_o shelf_n that_o be_v the_o bottom_n of_o the_o river_n be_v raise_v as_o be_v sufficient_o manifest_a by_o experience_n and_o thus_o just_a in_o the_o same_o manner_n cut_v the_o bank_n at_o bondeno_n there_o be_v at_o it_o be_v a_o breach_n make_v from_o which_o follow_v the_o rise_n in_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o main_a po_n be_v past_o the_o mouth_n of_o pamaro_n which_o thing_n how_o pernicious_a it_o be_v let_v any_o one_o judge_n that_o understand_v these_o matter_n and_o therefore_o both_o for_o the_o small_a benefit_n and_o so_o many_o harm_n that_o ensue_v from_o maintain_v this_o diversion_n i_o shall_v think_v it_o be_v more_o sound_a advice_n to_o keep_v that_o bank_n always_o whole_a at_o bondeno_n or_o in_o any_o other_o convenient_a place_n and_o not_o to_o permit_v that_o the_o water_n of_o the_o grand_a po_n shall_v ever_o come_v near_o to_o ferara_n corollary_n fourteen_o in_o the_o grand_a river_n which_o fall_v into_o the_o sea_n as_o here_o in_o italy_n po_n adige_n artesia_n and_o arno_n which_o be_v arm_v with_o bank_n against_o their_o excrescency_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o far_o from_o the_o sea_n they_o need_v bank_n of_o a_o notable_a height_n which_o height_n go_v afterward_o by_o degree_n diminish_v the_o more_o it_o approach_v to_o the_o seacoast_n in_o such_o sort_n that_o the_o po_n distant_a from_o the_o sea_n about_o fifty_o or_o sixty_o mile_n at_o ferara_n shall_v have_v bank_n that_o be_v above_o twenty_o foot_n high_o than_o the_o ordinary_a water-mark_n but_o ten_o or_o twelve_o mile_n from_o the_o sea_n the_o bank_n be_v not_o twelve_o foot_n high_o than_o the_o say_v ordinary_a water-mark_n though_o the_o breadth_n of_o the_o river_n be_v the_o same_o so_o that_o the_o excrescence_n of_o the_o same_o innundation_n happen_v to_o be_v far_o great_a in_o measure_n remote_a from_o the_o sea_n then_o near_o and_o yet_o it_o shall_v seem_v that_o the_o same_o quantity_n of_o water_n pass_v by_o every_o place_n the_o river_n shall_v need_v to_o have_v the_o same_o altitude_n of_o bank_n in_o all_o place_n but_o we_o by_o our_o principle_n and_o fundamental_o may_v be_v able_a to_o render_v the_o reason_n of_o that_o effect_n and_o say_v that_o that_o excess_n of_o quantity_n of_o water_n above_o the_o ordinary_a water_n go_v always_o acquire_v great_a velocity_n the_o near_a it_o approach_v the_o sea_n and_o therefore_o decrease_v in_o measure_n and_o consequent_o in_o height_n and_o this_o perhaps_o may_v have_v be_v the_o cause_n in_o great_a part_n why_o the_o tiber_n in_o the_o innundation_n anno_fw-la 1578._o issue_v not_o forth_o of_o its_o channel_n below_o rome_n towards_o the_o sea_n corollary_n xv._n from_o the_o same_o doctrine_n may_v be_v render_v a_o most_o manifest_a reason_n why_o the_o fall_a water_n go_v lessen_v in_o their_o descent_n so_o that_o the_o same_o fall_a water_n measure_v at_o the_o begin_n of_o its_o fall_n be_v great_a and_o big_a and_o afterward_o by_o degree_n lessen_v in_o measure_n the_o more_o it_o be_v remote_a from_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o fall_n which_o depend_v on_o no_o other_o than_o on_o the_o acquisition_n which_o it_o successive_o make_v of_o great_a velocity_n it_o be_v a_o most_o familiar_a conclusion_n among_o philosopher_n that_o grave_a body_n fall_v the_o more_o they_o remove_v from_o the_o begin_n of_o their_o motion_n the_o more_o they_o acquire_v of_o swiftness_n and_o therefore_o the_o water_n as_o a_o grave_a body_n falling_z gradual_o velocitates_fw-la and_o therefore_o decrease_v in_o measure_n and_o lessen_v corollary_n xvi_o and_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o spirting_n of_o a_o fountain_n of_o water_n which_o spring_n on_o high_a work_v a_o contrary_a effect_n namely_o in_o the_o beginning_n they_o be_v small_a and_o afterward_o become_v great_a and_o big_a and_o the_o reason_n be_v most_o manifest_a because_o in_o the_o beginning_n they_o be_v very_o swift_a and_o afterward_o gradual_o relent_v their_o impetuosity_n and_o motion_n so_o that_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o excursion_n that_o they_o make_v they_o ought_v to_o be_v small_a and_o afterward_o to_o grow_v big_a as_o in_o the_o effect_n be_v see_v appendix_n i._o into_o the_o error_n of_o not_o consider_v how_o much_o the_o different_a velocity_n of_o the_o same_o run_a water_n in_o several_a place_n of_o its_o current_n be_v able_a to_o change_v the_o measure_n of_o the_o same_o water_n and_o to_o make_v it_o great_a or_o less_o i_o think_v if_o i_o be_v not_o deceive_v that_o ginlio_n frontino_n a_o noble_a ancient_a writer_n may_v have_v fall_v in_o the_o second_o book_n which_o he_o write_v of_o the_o aqueduct_n of_o the_o city_n of_o rome_n whilst_o find_v the_o measure_n of_o the_o water_n water_n commentariis_fw-la less_o than_o it_o be_v in_o erogatione_fw-la 1263._o quinary_n he_o think_v that_o so_o much_o difference_n may_v proceed_v from_o the_o negligence_n of_o the_o measure_n and_o when_o afterward_o with_o his_o own_o industry_n he_o measure_v the_o same_o water_n at_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o aqueduct_n find_v it_o near_o 10000_o quinary_n big_a than_o it_o be_v in_o commentariis_fw-la he_o judge_v that_o the_o overplus_n be_v imbezile_v by_o minister_n and_o partaker_n which_o in_o part_n may_v be_v so_o for_o it_o be_v but_o too_o true_a that_o the_o public_a be_v almost_o always_o defraud_v yet_o nevertheless_o i_o very_o believe_v withal_o that_o beside_o the_o fraud_n of_o these_o officer_n the_o velocity_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o place_n wherein_o frontino_n measure_v it_o may_v be_v different_a from_o those_o velocity_n which_o be_v find_v in_o other_o place_n before_o measure_v by_o other_o and_o therefore_o the_o measure_n of_o the_o water_n may_v yea_o ought_v necessary_o to_o be_v different_a it_o have_v be_v by_o we_o demonstrate_v that_o the_o measure_n of_o the_o same_o run_a water_n have_v reciprocal_a proportion_n to_o their_o velocity_n which_o frontino_n not_o well_o consider_v and_o find_v the_o water_n in_o commentariis_fw-la 12755._o quinary_n in_o erogatione_fw-la 14018_o and_o in_o his_o own_o measure_n ad_fw-la capita_fw-la ductuum_fw-la at_o the_o head_n of_o the_o fountain_n 22755._o quinary_n or_o thereabouts_o he_o think_v that_o in_o all_o these_o place_n there_o past_a different_a quantity_n of_o water_n namely_o great_a at_o the_o fountain_n head_n than_o that_o which_o be_v in_o erogatione_fw-la and_o this_o he_o judge_v great_a than_o that_o which_o be_v in_o commentariis_fw-la appendix_n ii_o a_o like_a mistake_n chance_v late_o in_o the_o aqueduct_v of_o acqua-paola_n which_o water_n shall_v be_v 2000_o inch_n and_o so_o many_o effective_o aught_o to_o be_v allow_v and_o it_o have_v be_v give_v in_o so_o to_o be_v by_o the_o signor_n of_o bracciano_n to_o the_o apostolic-chamber_n and_o there_o be_v a_o measure_n thereof_o make_v at_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o aqueduct_v which_o measure_n prove_v afterward_o much_o less_o and_o short_a consider_v and_o take_v in_o rome_n and_o thence_o follow_v discontent_n and_o great_a disorder_n and_o all_o because_o this_o property_n of_o running-water_n of_o increase_v in_o measure_n where_o the_o velocity_n decrease_v and_o of_o diminish_v in_o measure_n where_o the_o velocity_n augment_v be_v not_o look_v into_o appendix_n iii_o a_o like_a error_n in_o my_o judgement_n have_v be_v commit_v by_o all_o those_o learned_a man_n which_o to_o prevent_v the_o diversion_n of_o the_o reno_n of_o bologna_n into_o po_n by_o the_o channel_n through_o which_o it_o at_o present_a run_v judge_v that_o the_o reno_n be_v in_o its_o great_a excrescence_n about_o 2000_o foot_n and_o the_o po_n be_v near_o 1000_o foot_n broad_a they_o judge_v i_o say_v that_o let_v the_o reno_n into_o po_n it_o will_v have_v raise_v the_o water_n of_o po_n two_o foot_n from_o which_o rise_n they_o conclude_v afterward_o most_o exorbitant_a disorder_n either_o of_o extraordinary_a inundation_n or_o else_o of_o immense_a and_o intolerable_a expense_n to_o the_o people_n in_o raise_v the_o bank_n of_o po_n and_o reno_n and_o with_o such_o like_a weakness_n often_o vain_o disturb_v the_o mind_n of_o the_o person_n concern_v but_o now_o from_o the_o thing_n demonstrare_v it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o measure_n of_o the_o reno_n in_o reno_n will_v be_v different_a from_o the_o measure_n of_o reno_n in_o po_n in_o case_n that_o the_o velocity_n of_o the_o reno_n in_o po_n shall_v differ_v from_o the_o velocity_n of_o reno_n in_o reno_n as_o be_v more_o exact_o determine_v in_o the_o four_o proposition_n appendix_n iu._n no_o less_o likewise_o be_v those_o ingeneer_n and_o artist_n deceive_v that_o have_v affirm_v that_o let_v the_o reno_n into_o po_n there_o will_v be_v
no_o rise_n at_o all_o in_o the_o water_n of_o po_n for_o the_o truth_n be_v that_o let_v reno_n into_o po_n there_o will_v always_o be_v a_o rise_n but_o sometime_o great_a sometime_o less_o as_o the_o po_n shall_v have_v a_o swift_a or_o slow_a current_n so_o that_o if_o the_o po_n shall_v be_v constitute_v in_o a_o great_a velocity_n the_o rise_n will_v be_v very_o small_a and_o if_o the_o say_v po_n shall_v be_v slow_a in_o its_o course_n than_o the_o rise_n will_v be_v notable_a appendix_n v._n and_o here_o it_o will_v not_o be_v beside_o the_o purpose_n to_o advertise_v that_o the_o measure_n partment_n and_o distribution_n of_o the_o water_n of_o fountain_n can_v be_v make_v exact_o unless_o there_o be_v consider_v beside_o the_o measure_n the_o velocity_n also_o of_o the_o water_n which_o particular_a not_o be_v thorough_o observe_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o continual_a miscarriage_n in_o such_o like_a affair_n appendix_n vi._n like_a consideration_n ought_v to_o be_v have_v with_o the_o great_a diligence_n for_o that_o a_o error_n therein_o be_v more_o prejudicial_a i_o say_v aught_o to_o be_v have_v by_o those_o which_o part_n and_o divide_v water_n for_o the_o water_v of_o field_n as_o be_v do_v in_o the_o territory_n of_o brescia_n bergama_n crema_fw-la pavia_n lodigiano_n cremona_n and_o other_o place_n for_o if_o they_o have_v not_o regard_v to_o the_o most_o important_a point_n of_o the_o variation_n of_o the_o velocity_n of_o the_o water_n but_o only_o to_o the_o bare_a vulgar_a measure_n there_o will_v always_o very_o great_a disorder_n and_o prejudices_fw-la ensue_v to_o the_o person_n concern_v appendix_n vii_o it_o seem_v that_o one_o may_v observe_v that_o whilst_o the_o water_n run_v along_o a_o channel_n current_n or_o conduit_n its_o velocity_n be_v retard_v withhold_v and_o impede_v by_o its_o touch_v the_o bank_n or_o side_n of_o the_o say_a channel_n or_o current_n which_o as_o immovable_a not_o follow_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o water_n interrupt_v its_o velocity_n from_o which_o particular_a be_v true_a as_o i_o believe_v it_o to_o be_v most_o true_a and_o from_o our_o consideration_n we_o have_v a_o occasion_n of_o discover_v a_o very_a nice_a mistake_n into_o which_o those_o common_o fall_v who_o divide_v the_o water_n of_o fountain_n which_o division_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v by_o what_o i_o have_v see_v here_o in_o rome_n perform_v two_o way_n the_o first_o of_o which_o be_v with_o the_o measure_n of_o like_a figure_n as_o circle_n or_o square_n have_v cut_v through_o a_o plate_n of_o metal_n several_a circle_n or_o square_n one_o of_o half_a a_o inch_n another_o of_o one_o inch_n another_o of_o two_o of_o three_o of_o four_o etc._n etc._n with_o which_o they_o afterward_o adjust_a the_o cock_n to_o dispense_v the_o water_n the_o other_o manner_n of_o divide_v the_o water_n of_o fountain_n be_v with_o rectangle_n paralellogram_n of_o the_o same_o height_n but_o of_o different_a base_n in_o such_o sort_n likewise_o that_o one_o paralellogram_n be_v of_o half_a a_o inch_n another_o of_o one_o two_o three_o etc._n etc._n in_o which_o manner_n of_o measure_v and_o divide_v the_o water_n it_o shall_v seem_v that_o the_o cock_n be_v place_v in_o one_o and_o the_o same_o plain_a equidistant_a from_o the_o level_n or_o superior_a superficies_n of_o the_o water_n of_o the_o well_o and_o the_o say_a measure_n be_v most_o exact_o make_v the_o water_n ought_v consequent_o also_o to_o be_v equal_o divide_v and_o part_v according_a to_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o measure_n but_o if_o we_o well_o consider_v every_o particular_a we_o shall_v find_v that_o the_o cock_n as_o they_o successive_o be_v great_a discharge_v always_o more_o water_n than_o the_o just_a quantity_n in_o comparison_n of_o the_o lesser_a that_o be_v to_o speak_v more_o proper_o the_o water_n which_o pass_v through_o the_o great_a cock_n have_v always_o a_o great_a proportion_n to_o that_o which_o pass_v through_o the_o lesser_a than_o the_o great_a cock_n have_v to_o the_o lesser_a all_o which_o i_o will_v declare_v by_o a_o example_n the_o like_a error_n occur_v also_o in_o the_o other_o manner_n of_o measure_v the_o water_n of_o a_o fountain_n as_o may_v easy_o be_v collect_v from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v and_o observe_v above_o appendix_n viii_o the_o same_o contemplation_n discover_v the_o error_n of_o those_o architect_n who_o be_v to_o erect_v a_o bridge_n of_o sundry_a arch_n over_o a_o river_n consider_v the_o ordinary_a breadth_n of_o the_o river_n which_o be_v v_o g._n forty_o fathom_n and_o the_o bridge_n be_v to_o consist_v of_o four_o arch_n it_o suffice_v they_o that_o the_o breadth_n of_o all_o the_o four_o arch_n take_v together_o be_v forty_o fathom_n not_o consider_v that_o in_o the_o ordinary_a channel_n of_o the_o river_n the_o water_n have_v only_o two_o impediment_n which_o retard_v its_o velocity_n namely_o the_o touch_v and_o glide_v along_o the_o two_o side_n or_o shore_n of_o the_o river_n but_o the_o same_o water_n in_o pass_v under_o the_o bridge_n in_o our_o case_n meet_v with_o eight_o of_o the_o same_o impediment_n bear_v and_o thrust_v upon_o two_o side_n of_o each_o arch_n to_o omit_v the_o impediment_n of_o the_o bottom_n for_o that_o it_o be_v the_o same_o in_o the_o river_n and_o under_o the_o bridge_n from_o which_o inadvertency_n sometime_o follow_v very_o great_a disorder_n as_o quotidian_a practice_n show_v we_o appendix_n ix_o it_o be_v also_o worthy_a to_o consider_v the_o great_a and_o admirable_a benefit_n that_o those_o field_n receive_v which_o be_v wont_a to_o drink_v up_o the_o rain-water_n with_o difficulty_n through_o the_o height_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o principal_a ditch_n in_o which_o case_n the_o careful_a husbandman_n cut_v away_o the_o reed_n and_o rush_n in_o the_o ditch_n through_o which_o the_o water_n pass_v whereupon_o may_v be_v present_o see_v so_o soon_o as_o the_o reed_n and_o rush_n be_v cut_v a_o notable_a ebb_n in_o the_o level_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o ditch_n insomuch_o that_o sometime_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o water_n be_v abate_v after_o the_o say_v cut_v a_o three_o and_o more_o of_o what_o it_o be_v before_o the_o cut_n the_o which_o effect_v seem_o might_n depend_v on_o this_o that_o before_o those_o weed_n take_v up_o room_n in_o the_o ditch_n and_o for_o that_o cause_n the_o water_n keep_v a_o high_a level_n and_o the_o say_a plant_n be_v afterward_o cut_v and_o remove_v the_o water_n come_v to_o abate_v possess_v the_o place_n that_o before_o be_v occupy_v by_o the_o weed_n which_o opinion_n though_o probable_a and_o at_o first_o sight_n satisfactory_a be_v nevertheless_o insufficient_a to_o give_v the_o total_a reason_n of_o that_o notable_a abatement_n which_o have_v be_v speak_v of_o but_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o have_v recourse_n to_o our_o consideration_n of_o the_o velocity_n in_o the_o course_n of_o the_o water_n the_o chief_a and_o true_a cause_n of_o the_o variation_n of_o the_o measure_n of_o the_o same_o running-waterâ—_a for_o that_o multitude_n of_o reed_n weed_n and_o plant_v disperse_v through_o the_o current_n of_o the_o ditch_n do_v chance_n notable_o to_o retard_v the_o course_n of_o the_o water_n and_o therefore_o the_o measure_n of_o the_o water_n increase_v and_o those_o impediment_n remove_v the_o same_o water_n gain_v velocity_n and_o therefore_o decrease_v in_o measure_n and_o consequent_o in_o height_n and_o perhaps_o this_o point_n well_o understand_v may_v be_v of_o great_a profit_n to_o the_o field_n adjacent_a to_o the_o pontine_n fen_n and_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o if_o the_o river_n ninfa_n and_o the_o other_o principal_a brook_n of_o those_o territory_n be_v keep_v well_o cleanse_v from_o weed_n their_o water_n will_v be_v at_o a_o low_a level_n and_o consequent_o the_o drain_v of_o the_o field_n will_v run_v into_o they_o more_o ready_o it_o be_v always_o to_o be_v hold_v for_o undoubted_a that_o the_o measure_n of_o the_o water_n before_o the_o cleanse_n have_v the_o same_o proportion_n to_o the_o measure_n after_o cleanse_v that_o the_o velocity_n after_o the_o cleanse_n have_v to_o the_o velocity_n before_o the_o cleanse_n and_o be_v cause_v those_o weed_n be_v cleanse_v away_o the_o course_n of_o the_o water_n notable_o increase_v it_o be_v therefore_o necessary_a that_o the_o say_a water_n abate_v in_o measure_n and_o become_v low_o appendix_n x._o we_o have_v above_o observe_v some_o error_n that_o be_v commit_v in_o distribute_v the_o water_n of_o fountain_n and_o those_o that_o serve_v to_o water_n field_n it_o seem_v now_o fit_a by_o way_n of_o a_o close_a to_o this_o discourse_n to_o advertise_v by_o what_o mean_v these_o division_n may_v be_v make_v just_o and_o without_o error_n i_o therefore_o think_v that_o one_o might_n two_o several_a way_n exquisite_o divide_v
the_o water_n of_o fountain_n the_o first_o will_v be_v by_o diligent_o examine_v first_o how_o much_o water_n the_o whole_a fountain_n discharge_v in_o a_o determinate_a time_n as_o for_o instance_n owe_v many_o barrel_n or_o tun_n it_o carry_v in_o a_o set_a time_n and_o in_o case_n you_o be_v afterward_o to_o distribute_v the_o water_n distribute_v it_o at_o the_o rate_n of_o so_o many_o barrel_n or_o tun_n in_o that_o same_o time_n and_o in_o this_o case_n the_o participant_n will_v have_v their_o punctual_a share_n nor_o can_v it_o ever_o happen_v to_o send_v out_o more_o water_n than_o be_v reckon_v to_o be_v in_o the_o principal_a fountain_n as_o befall_v giulio_n frontino_n and_o as_o also_o it_o frequent_o happen_v in_o the_o modern_a aqueduct_n to_o the_o public_a and_o private_a detriment_n the_o other_o way_n of_o divide_v the_o same_o water_n of_o a_o fountain_n be_v also_o sufficient_o exact_a and_o easy_a and_o may_v be_v by_o have_v one_o only_a size_n for_o the_o cock_n or_o pipe_n as_o suppose_v of_o a_o inch_n or_o of_o half_a a_o inch_n and_o when_o the_o case_n require_v to_o dispense_v two_o three_o and_o more_o inch_n take_v so_o many_o cock_n of_o the_o say_a measure_n as_o do_v evacuate_v the_o water_n which_o be_v to_o be_v emit_v and_o if_o we_o be_v to_o make_v use_n only_o of_o one_o great_a cock_n we_o be_v to_o place_v one_o to_o discharge_v for_o example_n four_o inch_n and_o have_v the_o former_a sole_a measure_n of_o a_o inch_n we_o must_v make_v a_o cock_n that_o be_v big_a its_o true_a than_o the_o cock_n of_o one_o inch_n but_o not_o simple_o in_o a_o quadruple_a proportion_n for_o that_o it_o will_v discharge_v more_o than_o just_a so_o much_o water_n as_o have_v be_v say_v above_o but_o we_o ought_v to_o examine_v diligent_o how_o much_o water_n the_o little_a cock_n emit_v in_o a_o hour_n and_o then_o enlarge_v and_o contract_v the_o great_a cock_n so_o that_o it_o may_v discharge_v four_o time_n as_o much_o water_n as_o the_o lesser_a in_o the_o same_o time_n and_o by_o this_o mean_v we_o shall_v avoid_v the_o disorder_n hint_v in_o the_o seven_o appendix_n it_o will_v be_v necessary_a nevertheless_o to_o accommodate_v the_o cock_n of_o the_o cistern_n so_o that_o the_o level_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o cistern_n may_v always_o rest_v at_o one_o determinate_a mark_n above_o the_o cock_n otherwise_o the_o cock_n will_v emit_v sometime_o great_a and_o sometime_o less_o abundance_n of_o water_n and_o because_o it_o may_v be_v that_o the_o same_o water_n of_o the_o fountain_n may_v be_v sometime_o more_o abundant_a sometime_o less_o in_o such_o case_n it_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o adjust_a the_o cistern_n so_o that_o the_o excess_n above_o the_o ordinary_a water_n discharge_v into_o the_o public_a fountain_n that_o so_o the_o particular_a participant_n may_v have_v always_o the_o same_o abundance_n of_o water_n appendix_n xi_o much_o more_o difficult_a be_v the_o division_n of_o the_o water_n which_o serve_v to_o water_v the_o field_n it_o not_o be_v possible_a to_o observe_v so_o commodious_o what_o quantity_n of_o water_n the_o whole_a ditch_n send_v forth_o in_o one_o determinate_a time_n as_o may_v be_v do_v in_o fountain_n yet_o nevertheless_o if_o the_o second_o proposition_n by_o we_o a_o little_a below_o demonstrate_v be_v well_o understand_v there_o may_v be_v thence_o take_v a_o very_a safe_a and_o just_a way_n to_o distribute_v such_o water_n the_o proposition_n therefore_o by_o we_o demonstrate_v be_v this_o if_o there_o be_v two_o section_n namely_o two_o mouth_n of_o river_n the_o quantity_n of_o the_o water_n which_o pass_v by_o the_o first_o have_v a_o proportion_n to_o that_o which_o pass_v by_o the_o second_o compound_v of_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o first_o section_n to_o the_o second_o and_o of_o the_o velocity_n through_o the_o first_o to_o the_o velocity_n through_o the_o second_o as_o i_o will_v declare_v for_o example_n by_o help_n of_o practice_n that_o i_o may_v be_v understand_v by_o all_o in_o a_o matter_n so_o important_a let_v the_o two_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n be_v a_o and_o b_o and_o let_v the_o mouth_n a_o be_v in_o measure_n and_o content_v thirty_o two_o foot_n and_o the_o mouth_n b_o eight_o foot_n here_o you_o must_v take_v notice_n that_o it_o be_v not_o always_o true_a that_o the_o water_n which_o pass_v by_o a_o have_v the_o same_o proportion_n to_o that_o which_o pass_v by_o b_o that_o the_o mouth_n a_o have_v to_o the_o mouth_n b_o but_o only_o when_o the_o velocitye_n by_o each_o of_o those_o passage_n be_v equal_a but_o if_o the_o velocitye_n shall_v be_v unequal_a it_o may_v be_v that_o the_o say_v mouth_n may_v emit_v equal_a quantity_n of_o water_n in_o equal_a time_n though_o their_o measure_n be_v unequal_a and_o it_o may_v be_v also_o that_o the_o big_a do_v discharge_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o water_n and_o last_o it_o may_v be_v that_o the_o less_o mouth_n discharge_v more_o water_n than_o the_o great_a and_o all_o this_o be_v manifest_a by_o the_o thing_n note_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o discourse_n and_o by_o the_o say_v second_o proposition_n now_o to_o examine_v the_o proportion_n of_o the_o water_n that_o pass_v by_o one_o ditch_n to_o that_o which_o pass_v by_o another_o that_o this_o be_v know_v the_o same_o water_n and_o mouth_n of_o ditch_n may_v be_v then_o adjust_v we_o be_v to_o keep_v account_v not_o only_o of_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o mouth_n or_o passage_n of_o the_o water_n but_o of_o the_o velocity_n also_o which_o we_o will_v do_v by_o first_o find_v two_o number_n that_o have_v the_o same_o proportion_n between_o themselves_o as_o have_v the_o mouth_n which_o be_v the_o number_n 32_o and_o 8_o in_o our_o example_n then_o this_o be_v do_v let_v the_o velocity_n of_o the_o water_n by_o the_o passage_n a_o and_o b_o be_v examine_v which_o may_v be_v do_v keep_v account_n what_o space_n a_o piece_n of_o wood_n or_o other_o body_n that_o swim_v be_v carry_v by_o the_o stream_n in_o one_o determinate_a time_n as_o for_o instance_n in_o 50_o pulse_n and_o then_o work_v by_o the_o golden_a rule_n as_o the_o velocity_n by_o a_o be_v to_o the_o velocity_n by_o b_o so_o be_v the_o number_n 8_o to_o another_o number_n which_o be_v 4._o it_o be_v clear_a by_o what_o be_v demonstrate_v in_o the_o say_v second_o proposition_n that_o the_o quantity_n of_o water_n which_o pass_v by_o the_o mouth_n a_o shall_v have_v the_o same_o proportion_n of_o that_o which_o pass_v by_o the_o mouth_n b_o that_o 8_o have_v to_o 1._o such_o proportion_n be_v compose_v of_o the_o proportion_n of_o 32_o to_o 8_o and_o of_o 8_o to_z 4_o namely_o to_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o mouth_n a_o to_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o mouth_n b_o and_o of_o the_o velocity_n in_o a_o to_o the_o velocity_n in_o b._n this_o be_v do_v we_o must_v then_o contract_v the_o mouth_n which_o discharge_v more_o than_o its_o just_a quantity_n of_o water_n or_o enlarge_v the_o other_o which_o discharge_v less_o as_o shall_v be_v most_o commodious_a in_o practice_n which_o to_o he_o that_o have_v understand_v this_o little_a that_o have_v be_v deliver_v will_v be_v very_o afie_a appendix_n xii_o these_o operation_n about_o water_n as_o i_o have_v hitherto_o on_o sundry_a occasion_n observe_v be_v involve_v in_o so_o many_o difficulty_n and_o such_o a_o multiplicity_n of_o most_o extravagant_a accident_n that_o it_o be_v no_o marvel_n if_o continual_o many_o and_o very_o important_a error_n be_v therein_o commit_v by_o many_o and_o even_o by_o ingeneer_n themselves_o and_o learned-man_n and_o because_o many_o time_n they_o concern_v not_o only_o the_o public_a but_o private_a interest_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o it_o not_o only_o belong_v to_o artist_n to_o treat_v thereof_o but_o very_o oft_o even_o the_o vulgar_a themselves_o pretend_v to_o give_v their_o judgement_n therein_o and_o i_o have_v be_v trouble_v many_o time_n with_o a_o necessity_n of_o treat_v not_o only_o with_o those_o which_o either_o by_o practice_n or_o particular_a study_n understand_v somewhat_o in_o these_o matter_n but_o also_o with_o people_n whole_o void_a of_o those_o notion_n which_o be_v necessary_a for_o one_o that_o will_v on_o good_a ground_n discourse_v about_o this_o particular_a and_o thus_o many_o time_n have_v meet_v with_o more_o difficulty_n in_o the_o thick_a skull_n of_o man_n than_o in_o precipitious_a torrent_n and_o vast_a fen_n and_o in_o particular_a i_o have_v occasion_n some_o year_n past_a to_o go_v see_v the_o cave_n or_o emissary_n of_o the_o lake_n of_o perugia_n make_v many_o year_n ago_o by_o braccio_n fortobraccio_n but_o for_o that_o it_o be_v with_o great_a ruin_n by_o time_n decay_v and_o render_v unuseful_a it_o be_v repair_v
with_o industry_n true_o heroical_a and_o admirable_a by_o monsignor_n maffei_n barherino_n then_o perfect_a for_o the_o way_n and_o now_o pope_n and_o be_v necessitate_v that_o i_o may_v be_v able_a to_o walk_v in_o the_o cave_n and_o for_o other_o cause_n i_o let_v down_o the_o sluice_n of_o the_o say_a cave_n at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o lake_n no_o soon_o be_v they_o stop_v but_o a_o great_a many_o of_o the_o people_n of_o the_o town_n and_o village_n coast_v upon_o the_o lake_n flock_v thither_o begin_v to_o make_v grievous_a complaint_n that_o if_o those_o sluice_n be_v keep_v shut_v not_o only_o the_o lake_n will_v want_v its_o due_a vent_n but_o also_o the_o part_n adjacent_a to_o the_o lake_n will_v be_v over_o fly_v to_o their_o very_a great_a detriment_n and_o because_o at_o first_o appearance_n their_o motion_n seem_v very_o reasonable_a i_o find_v myself_o hard_o put_v to_o it_o see_v no_o way_n to_o persuade_v such_o a_o multitude_n that_o the_o prejudice_n which_o they_o pretend_v i_o shall_v do_v they_o by_o keep_v the_o sluice_n shut_v for_o two_o day_n be_v absolute_o insensible_a and_o that_o by_o keep_v they_o open_a the_o lake_n do_v not_o ebb_v in_o the_o same_o time_n so_o much_o as_o the_o thickness_n of_o a_o sheet_n of_o paper_n and_o therefore_o i_o be_v necessitate_v to_o make_v use_n of_o the_o authority_n i_o have_v and_o so_o follow_v my_o business_n as_o cause_v require_v without_o any_o regard_n to_o that_o rabble_n tumultuous_o assemble_v now_o when_o i_o be_o not_o work_v with_o mattock_n or_o spade_n but_o with_o the_o pen_n and_o discourse_n i_o intend_v to_o demonstrate_v clear_o to_o those_o that_o be_v capable_a of_o reason_n and_o that_o have_v well_o understand_v the_o ground_n of_o this_o my_o treatise_n that_o the_o fear_n be_v altogether_o vain_a which_o those_o people_n conceit_v and_o therefore_o i_o say_v that_o the_o emissary_n or_o sluice_n of_o the_o lake_n of_o perugia_n stand_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o at_o present_a and_o the_o water_n pass_v through_o it_o with_o the_o same_o velocity_n as_o now_o to_o examine_v how_o much_o the_o lake_n may_v abate_v in_o two_o day_n space_n we_o ought_v to_o consider_v what_o proportion_n the_o superficies_n of_o the_o whole_a lake_n have_v to_o the_o measure_n of_o the_o section_n of_o the_o emissary_n and_o afterward_o to_o infer_v that_o the_o velocity_n of_o the_o water_n by_o the_o emissary_n or_o sluice_n shall_v have_v the_o same_o proportion_n to_o the_o abatement_n of_o the_o lake_n and_o to_o prove_v thorough_o and_o clear_o this_o discourse_n i_o intend_v to_o demonstrate_v the_o follow_a proposition_n that_o which_o have_v be_v demonstrate_v in_o the_o vessel_n fall_v out_o exact_o also_o in_o our_o lake_n of_o perugia_n and_o its_o emissary_n and_o because_o the_o immensity_n of_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o lake_n be_v in_o proportion_n to_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o emissary_n or_o sluice_n as_o many_o million_o to_o one_o as_o may_v be_v easy_o calculate_v it_o be_v manifest_a that_o such_o abatement_n shall_v be_v imperceptible_a and_o almost_o nothing_o in_o two_o day_n space_n nay_o in_o four_o or_o six_o and_o all_o this_o will_v be_v true_a when_o we_o suppose_v that_o for_o that_o time_n there_o enter_v no_o other_o water_n into_o the_o lake_n from_o ditch_n or_o rivulet_n which_o fall_v into_o the_o lake_n will_v render_v such_o abatement_n yet_o less_o now_o we_o see_v that_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o examine_v such_o abatement_n and_o rise_n with_o excellent_a reason_n or_o at_o least_o with_o accurate_a experiment_n before_o we_o resolve_v and_o conclude_v any_o thing_n and_o how_o far_o the_o vulgar_a be_v distant_a from_o a_o right_a judgement_n in_o such_o matter_n appendix_n xiii_o for_o great_a confirmation_n of_o all_o this_o which_o i_o have_v say_v i_o will_v instance_n in_o another_o like_a case_n which_o also_o i_o meet_v with_o heretofore_o wherein_o for_o that_o the_o business_n be_v not_o right_o understand_v many_o disorder_n vast_a expense_n and_o considerable_a mischief_n have_v follow_v there_o be_v heretofore_o a_o emissary_n or_o sluice_n make_v to_o drain_v the_o water_n which_o from_o rain_n spring_n and_o rivulet_n fall_v into_o a_o lake_n to_o the_o end_n the_o shore_n adjoin_v on_o the_o lake_n shall_v be_v free_a from_o the_o overflow_n of_o the_o water_n but_o because_o perhaps_o the_o enterprise_n be_v not_o well_o manage_v and_o carry_v on_o it_o fall_v out_o that_o the_o field_n adjacent_a to_o the_o say_a channel_n can_v not_o drain_v but_o continue_v under_o water_n to_o which_o disorder_v a_o present_a remedy_n have_v be_v use_v namely_o in_o a_o time_n convenient_a to_o stop_v up_o the_o sluice_n by_o mean_n of_o certain_a floodgate_n keep_v on_o purpose_n for_o that_o end_n and_o thus_o abate_v the_o level_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o emissary_n in_o the_o space_n of_o three_o or_o four_o day_n the_o field_n have_v be_v haply_o drain_v but_o on_o the_o other_o part_n the_o proprietor_n border_v on_o the_o lake_n oppose_v this_o grievous_o complain_v that_o whilst_o the_o floodgate_n be_v shut_v and_o the_o course_n of_o the_o water_n of_o the_o sluice_n hinder_v the_o lake_n overflow_v the_o land_n adjacent_a by_o mean_n of_o the_o river_n that_o fall_v into_o it_o to_o their_o very_a great_a damage_n and_o so_o continue_v their_o suit_n they_o get_v more_o of_o vexation_n than_o satisfaction_n now_o be_v ask_v my_o opinion_n herein_o i_o judge_v it_o requisite_a since_o the_o point_n in_o controversy_n be_v about_o the_o rise_n and_o fall_v of_o the_o lake_n that_o the_o say_a abatement_n when_o the_o floodgate_n be_v open_a and_o increase_v when_o they_o be_v shut_v shall_v be_v exact_o measure_v and_o tell_v they_o that_o it_o may_v be_v easy_o do_v at_o a_o time_n when_o no_o extraordinary_a water_n fall_v into_o the_o lake_n neither_o of_o rain_n or_o otherwise_o and_o the_o lake_n be_v undisturbed_a by_o wind_n that_o may_v drive_v the_o water_n to_o any_o side_n by_o plant_v near_o to_o a_o islet_n which_o be_v about_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o lake_n a_o thick_a post_n on_o which_o shall_v be_v make_v the_o mark_n of_o the_o lake_n rise_v and_o fall_v for_o two_o or_o three_o day_n i_o will_v not_o at_o that_o time_n pawn_n or_o resolute_o declare_v my_o judgement_n in_o regard_n i_o may_v be_v by_o divers_a accident_n mislead_v but_o this_o i_o tell_v they_o that_o by_o what_o i_o have_v demonstrate_v and_o particular_o that_o which_o i_o have_v say_v above_o touch_v the_o lake_n of_o perugia_n i_o incline_v great_o to_o think_v that_o these_o rise_n and_o fall_n will_v prove_v imperceptible_a and_o inconsiderable_a and_o therefore_o that_o in_o case_n experience_n shall_v make_v good_a my_o reason_n it_o will_v be_v to_o no_o purpose_n for_o they_o to_o continue_v dispute_v and_o wrangle_v which_o cause_v according_a to_o the_o proverb_n a_o great_a deal_n of_o cry_n but_o produce_v not_o much_o wool_n last_o it_o import_v very_o much_o to_o know_v what_o a_o rain_n continue_v for_o many_o day_n can_v do_v in_o raise_v these_o lake_n i_o will_v here_o insert_v the_o copy_n of_o a_o letter_n which_o i_o write_v former_o to_o signior_n galileo_n galilaei_n chief_a philosopher_n to_o the_o grand_a duke_n of_o tuscany_n wherein_o i_o have_v deliver_v one_o of_o my_o conceit_n in_o this_o business_n and_o it_o may_v be_v by_o this_o letter_n i_o may_v more_o strong_o confirm_v what_o i_o have_v say_v above_o the_o copy_n of_o a_o letter_n to_o signore_v galileo_n galilaei_n chief_a philosopher_n to_o the_o most_o serene_a great_a duke_n of_o tuscany_n worthy_a and_o most_o excellent_a sir_n in_o satisfaction_n of_o my_o promise_n in_o my_o former_a letter_n of_o represent_v unto_o you_o some_o of_o my_o consideration_n make_v upon_o the_o lake_n thrasimeno_n i_o say_v that_o in_o time_n past_a be_v in_o perugia_n where_o we_o hold_v our_o general_n convention_n have_v understand_v that_o the_o lake_n thrasimeno_n by_o the_o great_a drought_n of_o many_o month_n be_v much_o abate_v it_o come_v into_o my_o head_n to_o go_v private_o and_o see_v this_o novelty_n both_o for_o my_o particular_a satisfaction_n as_o also_o that_o i_o may_v be_v able_a to_o relate_v the_o whole_a to_o my_o patron_n upon_o the_o certitude_n of_o my_o own_o sight_n of_o the_o place_n and_o so_o be_v come_v to_o the_o emissary_n of_o the_o lake_n i_o find_v that_o the_o level_n of_o the_o lake_n surface_n be_v ebb_v about_o five_o roman_a palm_n of_o its_o wont_a watermark_n insomuch_o that_o it_o be_v low_a than_o the_o transome_n of_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o emissary_n by_o the_o length_n of_o this_o describe_v line_n and_o therefore_o no_o water_n issue_v out_o of_o the_o lake_n to_o the_o great_a
prejudice_n of_o all_o the_o place_n and_o village_n circumjacent_a in_o regard_n that_o the_o water_n which_o use_v to_o run_v from_o the_o say_a lake_n turn_v 22_o mill_n which_o not_o go_v necessitate_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o those_o part_n to_o go_v a_o day_n journey_n and_o more_o to_o grind_v upon_o the_o tiber._n be_v return_v to_o perugia_n there_o follow_v a_o rain_n not_o very_o great_a but_o constant_a and_o even_o which_o last_v for_o the_o space_n of_o eight_o hour_n or_o thereabouts_o and_o it_o come_v into_o my_o thought_n to_o examine_v be_v in_o perugia_n how_o much_o the_o lake_n be_v increase_v and_o raise_v by_o this_o rain_n suppose_v as_o it_o be_v probable_a enough_o that_o the_o rain_n have_v be_v universal_a over_o all_o the_o lake_n and_o like_a to_o that_o which_o fall_v in_o perugia_n and_o to_o this_o purpose_n i_o take_v a_o glass_n form_v like_o a_o cylinder_n about_o a_o palm_n high_a and_o half_a a_o palm_n broad_a and_o have_v put_v in_o water_n sufficient_a to_o cover_v the_o bottom_n of_o the_o glass_n i_o note_v diligent_o the_o mark_n of_o the_o height_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o glass_n and_o afterward_o expose_v it_o to_o the_o open_a weather_n to_o receive_v the_o rainwater_n which_o fall_v into_o it_o and_o i_o let_v it_o stand_v for_o the_o space_n of_o a_o hour_n and_o have_v observe_v that_o in_o that_o time_n the_o water_n be_v rise_v in_o the_o vessel_n the_o height_n of_o the_o follow_a line_n i_o consider_v that_o if_o i_o have_v expose_v to_o the_o same_o rain_n such_o other_o vessel_n equal_a to_o that_o the_o water_n will_v have_v rise_v in_o they_o all_o according_a to_o that_o measure_n and_o thereupon_o conclude_v that_o also_o in_o all_o the_o whole_a extent_n of_o the_o lake_n it_o be_v necessary_a the_o water_n shall_v be_v raise_v in_o the_o space_n of_o a_o hour_n the_o same_o measure_n yet_o here_o i_o consider_v two_o difficulty_n that_o may_v disturb_v and_o alter_v such_o a_o effect_n or_o at_o least_o render_v it_o inobserveable_a which_o afterward_o well_o weigh_v and_o resolve_v leave_v i_o as_o i_o will_v tell_v you_o anon_o in_o the_o conclusion_n the_o more_o confirm_v that_o the_o lake_n ought_v to_o be_v increase_v in_o the_o space_n of_o eight_o hour_n that_o the_o rain_n last_v eight_o time_n that_o measure_n and_o whilst_o i_o again_o expose_v the_o glass_n to_o repeat_v the_o experiment_n there_o come_v unto_o i_o a_o engineer_n to_o talk_v with_o i_o touch_v certain_a affair_n of_o our_o monastary_n of_o perugia_n and_o discourse_v with_o he_o i_o show_v he_o the_o glass_n out_o at_o my_o chamber-window_n expose_v in_o a_o court-yard_n and_o communicate_v to_o he_o my_o fancy_n relate_v unto_o he_o all_o that_o i_o have_v do_v but_o i_o soon_o perceive_v that_o this_o brave_a fellow_n conceit_v i_o to_o be_v but_o of_o a_o dull_a brain_n for_o he_o smile_v say_v unto_o i_o sir_n you_o deceive_v yourself_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o the_o lake_n will_v not_o be_v increase_v by_o this_o rain_n so_o much_o as_o the_o thickness_n of_o penny_n julio_n hear_v he_o pronounce_v this_o his_o opinion_n with_o freeness_n and_o confidence_n i_o urge_v he_o to_o give_v i_o some_o reason_n for_o what_o he_o say_v assure_v he_o that_o i_o will_v change_v my_o judgement_n when_o i_o see_v the_o strength_n of_o his_o argument_n to_o which_o he_o answer_v that_o he_o have_v be_v very_o conversant_a about_o the_o lake_n and_o be_v every_o day_n upon_o it_o and_o be_v well_o assure_v that_o it_o be_v not_o at_o all_o increase_v and_o importune_v he_o further_o that_o he_o will_v give_v i_o some_o reason_n for_o his_o so_o think_v he_o propose_v to_o my_o consideration_n the_o great_a drought_n pass_v and_o that_o that_o same_o rain_n be_v nothing_o for_o the_o great_a parch_a to_o which_o i_o answer_v i_o believe_v sir_n that_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o lake_n on_o which_o the_o rain_n have_v fall_v be_v moisten_v and_o therefore_o see_v not_o how_o its_o drought_n which_o be_v nothing_o at_o all_o can_v have_v drink_v up_o any_o part_n of_o the_o rain_n for_o all_o this_o he_o persist_v in_o his_o conceit_n without_o yield_v in_o the_o least_o to_o my_o allegation_n he_o grant_v in_o the_o end_n i_o believe_v in_o civility_n to_o i_o that_o my_o reason_n be_v plausible_a and_o good_a but_o that_o in_o practice_v it_o can_v not_o hold_v at_o last_o to_o clear_v up_o all_o i_o make_v one_o be_v call_v and_o send_v he_o to_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o emissary_n of_o the_o lake_n with_o order_n to_o bring_v i_o a_o exact_a account_n how_o he_o find_v the_o water_n of_o the_o lake_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o transome_n of_o the_o sluice_n now_o here_o signore_v galileo_n i_o will_v not_o have_v you_o think_v that_o i_o have_v bring_v the_o matter_n in_o hand_n to_o concern_v i_o in_o my_o honour_n but_o believe_v i_o and_o there_o be_v witness_n of_o the_o same_o still_o live_a that_o my_o messenger_n return_v in_o the_o evening_n to_o perugia_n he_o bring_v i_o word_n that_o the_o water_n of_o the_o lake_n begin_v to_o run_v through_o the_o cave_n and_o that_o it_o be_v rise_v almost_o a_o finger_n breadth_n above_o the_o transome_n insomuch_o that_o add_v this_o measure_n to_o that_o of_o the_o lowness_n of_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o lake_n beneath_o the_o transome_n before_o the_o rain_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o lake_n cause_v by_o the_o rain_n be_v to_o a_o hair_n those_o four_o finger_n breadth_n that_o i_o have_v judge_v it_o to_o be_v two_o day_n after_o i_o have_v another_o bout_n with_o the_o engineer_n and_o relate_v to_o he_o the_o whole_a business_n to_o which_o he_o know_v not_o what_o to_o answer_v now_o the_o two_o difficulty_n which_o i_o think_v of_o able_a to_o impede_fw-la my_o conclusion_n be_v these_o follow_v first_o i_o consider_v that_o it_o may_v be_v that_o the_o wind_n blow_v from_o the_o side_n where_o the_o sluice_n stand_v to_o the_o lake-ward_n the_o mole_n and_o mass_n of_o the_o water_n of_o the_o lake_n may_v be_v drive_v to_o the_o contrary_a shore_n on_o which_o the_o water_n rise_v it_o may_v be_v fall_v at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o emissary_n and_o so_o the_o observation_n may_v be_v much_o obscure_v but_o this_o difficulty_n whole_o vanish_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o air_n great_a tranquillity_n which_o it_o keep_v at_o that_o time_n for_o no_o wind_n be_v stir_v on_o any_o side_n neither_o whilst_o it_o rain_v nor_o afterward_o the_o second_o difficulty_n which_o put_v the_o rise_n in_o doubt_n be_v that_o have_v observe_v in_o florence_n and_o elsewhere_o those_o pond_n into_o which_o the_o rain-water_n fall_v from_o the_o house_n be_v convey_v through_o the_o common-shore_n and_o that_o they_o be_v not_o thereby_o ever_o fill_v but_o that_o they_o swallow_v all_o that_o abundance_n of_o water_n that_o run_v into_o they_o by_o those_o conveyance_n which_o serve_v they_o with_o water_n insomuch_o that_o those_o conveyance_n which_o in_o time_n of_o drought_n maintain_v the_o pond_n when_o there_o come_v new_a abundance_n of_o water_n into_o the_o pond_n they_o drink_v it_o up_o and_o swallow_v it_o a_o like_a effect_n may_v also_o fall_v out_o in_o the_o lake_n in_o which_o there_o be_v many_o vein_n as_o it_o be_v very_o likely_a that_o maintain_v and_o feed_v the_o lake_n these_o vein_n may_v imbibe_n the_o new_a addition_n of_o the_o rain-water_n and_o so_o by_o that_o mean_n annul_v the_o rise_n or_o else_o diminish_v it_o in_o such_o sort_n as_o to_o render_v it_o inobservable_a but_o this_o difficulty_n be_v easy_o resolve_v by_o consider_v my_o treatise_n of_o the_o measure_n of_o running-water_n forasmuch_o as_o have_v demonstrate_v that_o the_o abatement_n of_o a_o lake_n bear_v the_o reciprocal_a proportion_n to_o the_o velocity_n of_o the_o emissary_n which_o the_o measure_n of_o the_o section_n of_o the_o emissary_n of_o the_o lake_n have_v to_o the_o measure_n of_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o lake_n make_v the_o calculation_n and_o account_n though_o in_o gross_a by_o suppose_v that_o its_o vein_n be_v sufficient_o large_a and_o that_o the_o velocity_n in_o they_o be_v notable_a in_o drink_v up_o the_o water_n of_o the_o lake_n yet_o i_o find_v nevertheless_o that_o many_o week_n and_o month_n will_v be_v spend_v in_o drink_v up_o the_o newcome_a abundance_n of_o water_n by_o the_o rain_n so_o that_o i_o rest_v sure_a that_o the_o rise_a will_v ensue_v as_o in_o effect_v it_o do_v and_o because_o many_o of_o accurate_a judgement_n have_v again_o cause_v i_o to_o question_v this_o rise_n set_v before_o i_o that_o the_o earth_n be_v parch_v by_o the_o great_a drought_n that_o have_v so_o long_o continue_v it_o
may_v be_v that_o that_o bank_n of_o earth_n which_o environ_v the_o brink_n of_o the_o lake_n be_v dry_a and_o imbibe_v great_a abundance_n of_o water_n from_o the_o increase_a lake_n will_v not_o suffer_v it_o to_o increase_v in_o height_n i_o say_v therefore_o that_o if_o we_o will_v right_o consider_v this_o doubt_n here_o propose_v we_o shall_v in_o the_o very_a consideration_n of_o it_o see_v it_o resolve_v for_o it_o be_v suppose_v that_o that_o list_v or_o border_n of_o bank_n which_o be_v to_o be_v occupy_v by_o the_o increase_n of_o the_o lake_n be_v a_o brace_n in_o breadth_n quite_o round_o the_o lake_n and_o that_o by_o reason_n of_o its_o dryness_n it_o suck_v in_o water_n and_o that_o by_o that_o mean_v this_o proportion_n of_o water_n co-operate_v not_o in_o raise_v of_o the_o lake_n it_o be_v absolute_o necessary_a on_o the_o other_o hand_n that_o we_o consider_v that_o the_o circuit_n of_o the_o water_n of_o the_o lake_n be_v thirty_o mile_n as_o it_o be_v common_o hold_v that_o be_v to_o say_v ninety_o thousand_o brace_n of_o florence_n in_o compass_n and_o therefore_o admit_v for_o true_a that_o each_o brace_n of_o this_o bank_n drink_v two_o quart_n of_o water_n and_o that_o for_o the_o spread_a it_o require_v three_o quart_n more_o we_o shall_v find_v that_o the_o whole_a agregate_v of_o this_o portion_n of_o water_n which_o be_v not_o employ_v in_o the_o raise_n of_o the_o lake_n will_v be_v four_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o thousand_o quart_n of_o water_n and_o suppose_v that_o the_o lake_n be_v sixty_o square_a mile_n three_o thousand_o brace_n long_o we_o shall_v find_v that_o to_o dispense_v the_o water_n possess_v by_o the_o bank_n about_o the_o lake_n above_o the_o total_a surface_n of_o the_o lake_n it_o ought_v to_o be_v spread_v so_o thin_a that_o one_o sole_a quart_n of_o water_n may_v overspread_v ten_o thousand_o square_a brace_n of_o surface_n such_o a_o thinness_n as_o must_v much_o exceed_v that_o of_o a_o leaf_n of_o beat_a gold_n and_o also_o less_o than_o that_o skin_n of_o water_n which_o cover_v the_o bubble_n of_o it_o and_o such_o will_v that_o be_v which_o those_o man_n will_v have_v substract_v from_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o lake_n but_o again_o in_o the_o space_n of_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n at_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o rain_n all_o that_o bank_n be_v soak_v by_o the_o say_a rain_n so_o that_o we_o need_v not_o for_o the_o moisten_a of_o it_o employ_v a_o drop_n of_o that_o water_n which_o fall_v into_o the_o lake_n beside_o we_o have_v not_o bring_v to_o account_v that_o abundance_n of_o water_n which_o run_v in_o time_n of_o rain_n into_o the_o lake_n from_o the_o steepness_n of_o the_o adjacent_a hill_n and_o mountain_n which_o will_v be_v enough_o to_o supply_v all_o our_o occasion_n so_o that_o neither_o ought_v we_o for_o this_o reason_n to_o question_v our_o pretend_a rise_v and_o this_o be_v what_o have_v fall_v in_o my_o way_n touch_v the_o consideration_n of_o the_o thrasimenian_a lake_n after_o which_o perhaps_o somewhat_o rash_o wander_v beyond_o my_o bound_n i_o proceed_v to_o another_o contemplation_n which_o i_o will_v relate_v to_o you_o hope_v that_o you_o will_v receive_v it_o as_o collect_v with_o these_o caution_n requisite_a in_o such_o like_a affair_n wherein_o we_o ought_v not_o too_o positive_o to_o affirm_v any_o thing_n of_o our_o own_o head_n for_o certain_a but_o aught_o to_o submit_v all_o to_o the_o sound_n and_o secure_a deliberation_n of_o the_o holy_a mother-church_n as_o i_o do_v this_o of_o i_o and_o all_o other_o most_o ready_a to_o change_v my_o judgement_n and_o conform_v myself_o always_o to_o the_o deliberation_n of_o my_o superior_n continue_v therefore_o my_o abovesaid_a conceit_n about_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o glass_n try_v before_o it_o come_v into_o my_o mind_n that_o the_o forementioned_a rain_n have_v be_v very_o gentle_a it_o may_v well_o be_v that_o if_o there_o shall_v have_v fall_v a_o rain_n fifty_o a_o hundred_o or_o a_o thousand_o time_n great_a than_o this_o and_o much_o more_o intense_a which_o will_v ensue_v as_o oft_o as_o those_o fall_a drop_n be_v four_o five_o or_o ten_o time_n big_a than_o those_o of_o the_o abovementioned_a rain_n keep_v the_o same_o number_n in_o such_o a_o case_n its_o manifest_a that_o in_o the_o space_n of_o a_o hour_n the_o water_n will_v rise_v in_o our_o glass_n two_o three_o and_o perhaps_o more_o yard_n or_o brace_n and_o consequent_o if_o such_o a_o rain_n shall_v fall_v upon_o a_o lake_n that_o the_o say_a lake_n will_v rise_v according_a to_o the_o same_o rate_n and_o likewise_o if_o such_o a_o rain_n be_v universal_a over_o the_o whole_a terrestrial_a globe_n it_o will_v necessary_o in_o the_o space_n of_o a_o hour_n make_v a_o rise_n of_o two_o or_o three_o brace_n round_o about_o the_o say_a globe_n and_o because_o we_o have_v from_o sacred_a record_n that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o deluge_n it_o rain_v forty_o day_n and_o forty_o night_n namely_o for_o the_o space_n of_o 960_o hour_n its_o clear_a that_o if_o the_o say_a rain_n have_v be_v ten_o time_n big_a than_o we_o at_o perugia_n the_o rise_n of_o the_o water_n above_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n will_v reach_v and_o pass_v a_o mile_n high_o than_o the_o top_n of_o the_o hill_n and_o mountain_n that_o be_v upon_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o they_o also_o will_v concur_v to_o increase_v the_o rise_n and_o therefore_o i_o conclude_v that_o the_o rise_v of_o the_o water_n of_o the_o deluge_n have_v a_o rational_a congruity_n with_o natural_a discourse_n of_o which_o i_o know_v very_o well_o that_o the_o eternal_a truth_n of_o the_o divine_a leaf_n have_v no_o need_n but_o however_o i_o think_v so_o clear_a a_o agreement_n be_v worthy_a of_o our_o consideration_n which_o give_v we_o occasion_n to_o adore_v and_o admire_v the_o greatness_n of_o god_n in_o his_o mighty_a work_n in_o that_o we_o be_v sometime_o able_a in_o some_o sort_n to_o measure_v they_o by_o the_o short_a standard_n of_o our_o reason_n many_o lesson_n also_o may_v be_v deduce_v from_o the_o same_o doctrine_n which_o i_o pass_v by_o for_o that_o every_o man_n of_o himself_o may_v easy_o know_v they_o have_v once_o establish_v this_o maxim_n that_o it_o be_v not_o possible_a to_o pronounce_v any_o thing_n of_o a_o certainty_n touch_v the_o quantity_n of_o run_v water_n by_o consider_v only_o the_o single_a vulgar_a measure_n of_o the_o water_n without_o the_o velocity_n and_o so_o on_o the_o contrary_a he_o that_o compute_v only_o the_o velocity_n without_o the_o measure_n shall_v commit_v very_o great_a error_n for_o treat_v of_o the_o measure_n of_o run_v water_n it_o be_v necessary_a the_o water_n be_v a_o body_n in_o handle_v its_o quantity_n to_o consider_v in_o it_o all_o the_o three_o dimension_n of_o breadth_n depth_n and_o length_n the_o two_o first_o dimension_n be_v observe_v by_o all_o in_o the_o common_a manner_n and_o ordinary_a way_n of_o measure_v run_v water_n but_o the_o three_o dimension_n of_o length_n be_v omit_v and_o haply_o such_o a_o oversight_n be_v commit_v by_o reason_n the_o length_n of_o run_v water_n be_v repute_v in_o some_o sense_n infinite_a in_o that_o it_o never_o cease_v to_o move_v away_o and_o as_o infinite_a be_v judge_v incomprehensible_a and_o such_o as_o that_o there_o be_v no_o exact_a knowledge_n to_o be_v have_v thereof_o &_o so_o there_o come_v to_o be_v no_o account_n make_v thereof_o but_o if_o we_o shall_v make_v strict_a reflection_n upon_o our_o consideration_n of_o the_o velocity_n of_o water_n we_o shall_v find_v that_o keep_v account_n of_o the_o same_o there_o be_v a_o reckon_n also_o make_v of_o the_o length_n forasmuch_o as_o whilst_o we_o say_v the_o water_n of_o such_o a_o spring_n run_v with_o the_o velocity_n of_o pass_v a_o thousand_o or_o two_o thousand_o pace_n a_o hour_n this_o in_o substance_n be_v no_o other_o than_o if_o we_o have_v say_v such_o a_o fountain_n discharge_v in_o a_o hour_n a_o water_n of_o a_o thousand_o or_o two_o thousand_o pace_n long_o so_o that_o albeit_o the_o total_a length_n of_o run_v water_n be_v incomprehensible_a as_o be_v infinite_a yet_o nevertheless_o it_o be_v render_v intelligible_a by_o part_n in_o its_o velocity_n and_o so_o much_o suffice_v to_o have_v hint_v about_o this_o matter_n hope_v to_o impart_v on_o some_o other_o occasion_n other_o more_o accurate_a observation_n in_o this_o affair_n laus_fw-la deo_fw-la geometrical_a demonstration_n of_o the_o measure_n of_o run_v water_n by_o d._n benedetto_n castelli_n abbot_n of_o cassina_n and_o mathematician_n to_o p._n vrban_n viii_o dedicate_v to_o the_o most_o illustrious_a and_o most_o excellent_a prince_n don_n thaddeo_n barberini_n prince_z of_o palestrina_n and_o
general_z of_o the_o holy_a church_n london_n print_v anno_fw-la domini_fw-la mdclxi_o of_o the_o mensuration_n of_o run_v water_n supposition_n i._n let_v it_o be_v suppose_v that_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n of_o which_o we_o speak_v be_v erect_v perpendicular_a to_o the_o plane_n of_o the_o upper_a superficies_n of_o the_o river_n supposition_n ii_o we_o suppose_v that_o the_o plane_n of_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o river_n of_o which_o we_o speak_v be_v at_o right_a angle_n with_o the_o bank_n supposition_n iii_o it_o be_v to_o be_v suppose_v that_o we_o speak_v of_o river_n when_o they_o be_v at_o ebb_n in_o that_o state_n of_o shallowness_n or_o at_o flow_v in_o that_o state_n of_o deepness_n and_o not_o in_o their_o transition_n from_o the_o ebb_n to_o the_o flow_a or_o from_o the_o flow_a to_o the_o ebb_n declaration_n of_o term_n first_o if_o a_o river_n shall_v be_v cut_v by_o a_o plane_n at_o right_a angle_n to_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n of_o the_o river_n and_o to_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n that_o same_o divide_v plane_n we_o call_v the_o section_n of_o the_o river_n and_o this_o section_n by_o the_o supposition_n above_o shall_v be_v a_o right_a angle_a parallelogram_n second_o we_o call_v those_o section_n equal_o swift_a by_o which_o the_o water_n run_v with_o equal_a velocity_n and_o more_o swift_a and_o less_o swift_a that_o section_n of_o another_o by_o which_o the_o water_n run_v with_o great_a or_o less_o velocity_n axiom_n i._n section_n equal_a and_o equal_o swift_a discharge_v equal_a quantity_n of_o water_n in_o equal_a time_n axiom_n ii_o section_n equal_o swift_a and_o that_o discharge_v equal_a quantity_n of_o water_n in_o equal_a time_n shall_v be_v equal_a axiom_n iii_o section_n equal_a and_o that_o discharge_v equal_a quantity_n of_o water_n in_o equal_a time_n shall_v be_v equal_o swift_a axiom_n iu._n when_o section_n be_v unequal_a but_o equal_o swift_a the_o quantity_n of_o the_o water_n that_o pass_v through_o the_o first_o section_n shall_v have_v the_o same_o proportion_n to_o the_o quantity_n that_o pass_v through_o the_o second_o that_o the_o first_o section_n have_v to_o the_o second_o section_n which_o be_v manifest_a because_o the_o velocity_n be_v the_o same_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o water_n that_o pass_v shall_v be_v according_a to_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o section_n axiom_n v._n if_o the_o section_n shall_v be_v equal_a and_o of_o unequal_a velocity_n the_o quantity_n of_o the_o water_n that_o pass_v through_o the_o first_o shall_v have_v the_o same_o proportion_n to_o that_o which_o pass_v through_o the_o second_o that_o the_o velocity_n of_o the_o first_o section_n shall_v have_v to_o the_o velocity_n of_o the_o second_o section_n which_o also_o be_v manifest_a because_o the_o section_n be_v equal_a the_o difference_n of_o the_o water_n which_o pass_v depend_v on_o the_o velocity_n petition_n a_o section_n of_o a_o river_n be_v give_v we_o may_v suppose_v another_o equal_a to_o the_o give_v of_o different_a breadth_n height_n and_o velocity_n proposition_n i._n the_o section_n of_o the_o same_o river_n discharge_v equal_a quantity_n of_o water_n in_o equal_a time_n although_o the_o section_n themselves_o he_o unequal_a let_v the_o two_o section_n be_v a_o and_o b_o in_o the_o river_n c_o run_v from_o a_o towards_z b_o i_o say_v that_o they_o discharge_v equal_a quantity_n of_o water_n in_o equal_a time_n for_o if_o great_a quantity_n of_o water_n shall_v pass_v through_o a_o than_o pass_v through_o b_o it_o will_v follow_v that_o the_o water_n in_o the_o intermediate_v space_n of_o the_o river_n c_o will_v increase_v continual_o which_o be_v manifest_o false_a but_o if_o more_o water_n shall_v issue_v through_o the_o section_n b_o than_o enter_v at_o the_o section_n a_o the_o water_n in_o the_o intermediate_v space_n c_o will_v grow_v continual_o less_o and_o always_o ebb_v which_o be_v likewise_o false_a therefore_o the_o quantity_n of_o water_n that_o pass_v through_o the_o section_n b_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o quantity_n of_o water_n which_o pass_v through_o the_o section_n a_o and_o therefore_o the_o section_n of_o the_o same_o river_n discharge_v etc._n etc._n which_o be_v to_o be_v demonstrate_v proposition_n ii_o in_o two_o section_n of_o river_n the_o quantity_n of_o the_o water_n which_o pass_v by_o one_o section_n be_v to_o that_o which_o pass_v by_o the_o second_o in_o a_o proportion_n compound_v of_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o first_o section_n to_o the_o second_o and_o of_o the_o velocity_n through_o the_o first_o to_o the_o velocity_n of_o the_o second_o let_v a_o and_o b_o be_v two_o section_n of_o a_o river_n i_o say_v that_o the_o quantity_n of_o water_n which_o pass_v through_o a_o be_v to_o that_o which_o pass_v through_o b_o in_o a_o proportion_n compound_v of_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o first_o section_n a_o to_o the_o section_n b_o and_o of_o the_o velocity_n through_o a_o to_o the_o velocity_n through_o b_o let_v a_o section_n be_v suppose_v equal_a to_o the_o section_n a_o in_o magnitude_n but_o of_o velocity_n equal_a to_o the_o section_n b_o and_o let_v it_o be_v g_z and_o as_o the_o section_n a_o be_v to_o the_o section_n b_o so_fw-mi let_v the_o line_n f_o be_v to_o the_o line_n d_o and_o as_o the_o velocity_n a_o be_v to_o the_o velocity_n by_o b_o so_o let_v the_o line_n d_o be_v to_o the_o line_n r_o therefore_o the_o water_n which_o pass_v through_o a_o shall_v be_v to_o that_o which_o pass_v through_o g_z in_o regard_v the_o section_n a_o and_o g_o be_v of_o equal_a bigness_n but_o of_o unequal_a velocity_n as_o the_o velocity_n through_o a_o to_o the_o velocity_n through_o g_z but_o as_o the_o velocity_n through_o a_o be_v to_o the_o velocity_n through_o g_o so_o be_v the_o velocity_n through_o a_o to_o the_o velocity_n through_o b_o namely_o as_o the_o line_n d_o to_o the_o line_n r_o therefore_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o water_n which_o pass_v the_o through_o a_o shall_v be_v to_o the_o quantity_n which_o pass_v through_o g_o as_o the_o line_n d_o be_v to_o the_o line_n r_o but_o the_o quantity_n which_o pass_v through_o g_o be_v to_o that_o which_o pass_v through_o b_o in_o regard_n the_o section_n c_o and_o b_o be_v equal_o swift_a as_o the_o section_n g_o to_o the_o section_n b_o that_o be_v as_o the_o section_n a_o to_o the_o section_n b_o that_o be_v as_o the_o line_n f_o to_o the_o line_n d_o therefore_o by_o the_o equal_a and_o perturb_a proportionality_n the_o quantity_n of_o the_o water_n which_o pass_v through_o a_o have_v the_o same_o proportion_n to_o that_o which_o pass_v through_o b_o that_o the_o line_n f_o have_v to_o the_o line_n r_o but_o f_o to_o r_o have_v a_o proportion_n compound_v of_o the_o proportion_n of_o f_o to_o d_o and_o of_o d_o to_z r_z that_o be_v of_o the_o section_n a_o to_o the_o section_n b_o and_o of_o the_o velocity_n through_o a_o to_o the_o velocity_n through_o b_o therefore_o also_o the_o quantity_n of_o water_n which_o pass_v through_o the_o section_n a_o shall_v have_v a_o proportion_n to_o that_o which_o pass_v through_o the_o section_n b_o compound_v of_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o section_n a_o to_o the_o section_n b_o and_o of_o the_o velocity_n through_o a_o to_o the_o velocity_n through_o b_o and_o therefore_o in_o two_o section_n of_o river_n the_o quantity_n of_o water_n which_o pass_v by_o the_o first_o etc._n etc._n which_o be_v to_o be_v demonstrate_v corollary_n the_o same_o follow_v though_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o water_n which_o pass_v through_o the_o section_n a_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o quantity_n of_o water_n which_o pass_v through_o the_o section_n b_o as_o be_v manifest_a by_o the_o same_o demonstration_n proposition_n iii_o in_o two_o section_n unequal_a through_o which_o pass_v equal_a quantity_n of_o water_n in_o equal_a time_n the_o section_n have_v to_o one_o another_o reciprocal_a proportion_n to_o their_o velocity_n let_v the_o two_o unequal_a section_n by_o which_o pass_v equal_a quantity_n of_o water_n in_o equal_a time_n be_v a_o the_o great_a and_o b_o the_o lesser_a i_o say_v that_o the_o section_n a_o shall_v have_v the_o same_o proportion_n to_o the_o section_n b_o that_o reciprocal_o the_o velocity_n through_o b_o have_v to_o the_o velocity_n through_o a_o for_o suppose_v that_o as_o the_o water_n that_o pass_v through_o a_o be_v to_o that_o which_o pass_v through_o b_o so_o be_v the_o line_n e_o to_o the_o line_n f_o therefore_o the_o quantity_n of_o water_n which_o pass_v through_o a_o be_v equal_a to_o that_o which_o pass_v through_o b_o the_o line_n e_o shall_v also_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o line_n f_o suppose_v moreover_o that_o as_o the_o section_n a_o be_v to_o the_o section_n b_o so_o be_v the_o
which_o be_v to_o be_v demonstrate_v annotation_n the_o same_o may_v have_v be_v demonstrate_v by_o the_o second_o proposition_n above_o demonstrate_v as_o be_v manifest_a proposition_n vi._n if_o two_o equal_a stream_n of_o the_o same_o torrent_n fall_v into_o a_o river_n at_o divers_a time_n the_o height_n make_v in_o the_o river_n by_o the_o torrent_n shall_v have_v between_o themselves_o the_o reciprocal_a proportion_n of_o the_o velocity_n acquire_v in_o the_o river_n let_v a_o and_o b_o be_v be_v equal_a stream_n of_o the_o same_o torrent_n which_o fall_v into_o a_o river_n at_o divers_a time_n make_v the_o height_n cd_o and_o fg_v that_o be_v the_o stream_n a_o make_v the_o height_n cd_o and_o the_o stream_n b_o make_v the_o height_n fg_v that_o be_v let_v their_o section_n in_o the_o river_n into_o which_o they_o be_v fall_v be_v ce_fw-fr and_o fh_n i_o say_v that_o the_o height_n cd_o shall_v be_v to_o the_o height_n fg_v in_o reciprocal_a proportion_n as_o the_o velocity_n through_o fh_n to_o the_o velocity_n through_o ce_fw-fr for_o the_o quantity_n of_o water_n which_o pass_v through_o a_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o quantity_n which_o pass_v through_o b_o in_o equal_a time_n also_o the_o quantity_n which_o pass_v through_o ce_fw-fr shall_v be_v equal_a to_o that_o which_o pass_v through_o fh_n and_o therefore_o the_o proportion_n that_o the_o section_n ce_fw-fr have_v to_o the_o section_n fh_v shall_v be_v the_o same_o that_o the_o velocity_n through_o fh_n have_v to_o the_o velocity_n through_o ce_fw-fr but_o the_o section_n ce_fw-fr be_v to_o the_o section_n fh_v as_o cd_o to_o fg_v by_o reason_n they_o be_v of_o the_o same_o breadth_n therefore_o cd_o shall_v be_v to_o fg_v in_o reciprocal_a proportion_n as_o the_o velocity_n through_o fh_n be_v to_o the_o velocity_n through_o ce_fw-fr and_o therefore_o if_o two_o equal_a stream_n of_o the_o same_o torrent_n etc._n etc._n which_o be_v to_o be_v demonstrate_v of_o the_o mensuration_n of_o run_v water_n lib._n ii_o have_v in_o the_o close_a of_o my_o treatise_n of_o the_o mensuration_n of_o run_v water_n promise_v to_o declare_v upon_o another_o occasion_n other_o particular_n more_o obscure_a and_o of_o very_o great_a concern_v upon_o the_o same_o argument_n i_o now_o do_v perform_v my_o promise_n on_o the_o occasion_n that_o i_o have_v the_o past_a year_n 1641._o to_o propound_v my_o thought_n touch_v the_o state_n of_o the_o lake_n of_o venice_n a_o business_n certain_o most_o important_a as_o be_v the_o concernment_n of_o that_o most_o noble_a and_o most_o admirable_a city_n and_o indeed_o of_o all_o italy_n yea_o of_o all_o europe_n asia_n &_o africa_n &_o one_o may_v true_o say_v of_o all_o the_o whole_a world_n and_o be_v to_o proceed_v according_a to_o the_o method_n necessary_a in_o science_n i_o will_v propose_v in_o the_o first_o place_n certain_a definition_n of_o those_o term_n whereof_o we_o be_v to_o make_v use_n in_o our_o discourse_n and_o then_o lay_v down_o certain_a principle_n we_o will_v demonstrate_v some_o problem_n and_o theorem_n necessary_a for_o the_o understanding_n of_o those_o thing_n which_o we_o be_v to_o deliver_v and_o moreover_o recount_v sundry_a case_n that_o have_v happen_v we_o will_v prove_v by_o practice_n of_o what_o utility_n this_o contemplation_n of_o the_o measure_n of_o run_v water_n be_v in_o the_o more_o important_a affair_n both_o public_a and_o private_a definition_n i._n two_o river_n be_v say_v to_o move_v with_o equal_a velocity_n when_o in_o equal_a time_n they_o pass_v space_n of_o equal_a length_n definition_n ii_o river_n be_v say_v to_o move_v with_o like_a velocity_n when_o their_o proportional_a part_n do_v move_v alike_o that_o be_v the_o upper_a part_n alike_o to_o the_o upper_a and_o the_o low_a to_o the_o low_a so_o that_o if_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o one_o river_n shall_v be_v more_o swift_a than_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o another_o then_o also_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o former_a shall_v be_v more_o swift_a than_o the_o part_n correspondent_a to_o it_o in_o the_o second_o proportional_o definition_n iii_o to_o measure_v a_o river_n or_o run_v water_n be_v in_o our_o sense_n to_o find_v out_o how_o many_o determinate_a measure_n or_o weight_n of_o water_n in_o a_o give_v time_n pass_v through_o the_o river_n or_o channel_n of_o the_o water_n that_o be_v to_o be_v measure_v definition_n iu._n if_o a_o machine_n be_v make_v either_o of_o brick_n or_o of_o stone_n or_o of_o wood_n so_o compose_v that_o two_o side_n of_o the_o say_a machine_n be_v place_v at_o right_a angle_n upon_o the_o end_n of_o a_o three_o side_n that_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v place_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o a_o river_n parallel_n to_o the_o horizon_n in_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o all_o the_o water_n which_o run_v through_o the_o say_a river_n pass_v through_o the_o say_a machine_n and_o if_o all_o the_o water_n come_v to_o be_v divert_v that_o run_v through_o the_o say_a river_n the_o upper_a superficies_n of_o that_o three_o side_n place_v in_o the_o bottom_n do_v remain_v uncover_v and_o dry_a and_o that_o the_o dead_a water_n be_v not_o above_o it_o this_o same_o machine_n shall_v be_v call_v by_o we_o sluice_n regulator_n and_o that_o three_o side_n of_o the_o machine_n which_o stand_v horizontal_o be_v call_v the_o bottom_n of_o the_o regulator_n and_o the_o other_o two_o side_n be_v call_v the_o bank_n of_o the_o regulator_n as_o be_v see_v in_o this_o first_o figure_n abcd_n shall_v be_v the_o regulator_n bc_n the_o bottom_n and_o the_o other_o two_o side_n ab_fw-la and_o cd_o be_v its_o bank_n definition_n v._n by_o the_o quick_a height_n we_o mean_v the_o perpendicular_a from_o the_o upper_a superficie_fw-la of_o the_o river_n unto_o the_o upper_a superficies_n of_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o regulator_n as_o in_o the_o forego_n figure_n the_o line_n gh_o definition_n vi._n if_o the_o water_n of_o a_o river_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v mark_v by_o three_o side_n of_o a_o regulator_n that_o rightangle_v parallelogram_n comprehend_v between_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o regulator_n and_o the_o bottom_n and_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n be_v call_v a_o section_n of_o the_o river_n annotation_n here_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o the_o river_n itself_o may_v have_v sundry_a and_o divers_a height_n in_o several_a part_n of_o its_o channel_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o various_a velocity_n of_o the_o water_n and_o its_o measure_n as_o have_v be_v demonstrate_v in_o the_o first_o book_n supposition_n i._n it_o be_v suppose_v that_o the_o river_n equal_a in_o breadth_n and_o quick_a height_n that_o have_v the_o same_o inclination_n of_o bed_n or_o bottom_n ought_v also_o to_o have_v equal_a velocity_n the_o accidental_a impediment_n be_v remove_v that_o be_v disperse_v throughout_o the_o course_n of_o the_o water_n and_o abstract_v also_o from_o the_o external_a wind_n which_o may_v velocitate_fw-la and_o retard_v the_o course_n of_o the_o water_n of_o the_o river_n supposition_n ii_o let_v we_o suppose_v also_o that_o if_o there_o be_v two_o river_n that_o be_v in_o their_o bed_n of_o equal_a length_n and_o of_o the_o same_o inclination_n but_o of_o quick_a height_n unequal_a they_o ought_v to_o move_v with_o like_a velocity_n according_a to_o the_o sense_n explain_v in_o the_o second_o definition_n supposition_n iii_o because_o it_o will_v often_o be_v requisite_a to_o measure_v the_o time_n exact_o in_o the_o follow_a problem_n we_o take_v that_o to_o be_v a_o excellent_a way_n to_o measure_v the_o time_n which_o be_v show_v i_o many_o year_n since_o by_o signore_v galileo_n galilaei_n which_o be_v as_o follow_v a_o string_n be_v to_o be_v take_v three_o roman_a foot_n long_o to_o the_o end_n of_o which_o a_o bullet_n of_o lead_n be_v to_o be_v hang_v of_o about_o two_o or_o three_o ounce_n and_o hold_v it_o by_o the_o other_o end_n the_o plummet_n be_v to_o be_v remove_v from_o its_o perpendicularity_n a_o palm_n more_o or_o less_o and_o then_o let_v go_v which_o will_v make_v many_o swing_v to_o and_o again_o pass_v and_o repass_v the_o perpendicular_a before_o that_o it_o stay_v in_o the_o same_o now_o it_o be_v require_v to_o measure_v the_o time_n that_o be_v spend_v in_o any_o whatsoever_o operation_n those_o vibration_n be_v to_o be_v number_v that_o be_v make_v whilst_o the_o work_n last_v and_o they_o shall_v be_v so_o many_o second_o minute_n of_o a_o hour_n if_o so_o be_v that_o the_o string_n be_v three_o roman_a foot_n long_o but_o in_o short_a string_n the_o vibration_n be_v more_o frequent_a and_o in_o long_a less_o frequent_a and_o all_o this_o still_o follow_v whether_o the_o plummet_n be_v little_a or_o much_o remove_v from_o its_o perpendicularity_n or_o whether_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o lead_v be_v great_a or_o lesser_a these_o
thing_n be_v pre-supposed_n we_o will_v lay_v down_o some_o familiar_a problem_n from_o which_o we_o shall_v pass_v to_o the_o notion_n and_o question_n more_o subtle_a and_o curious_a which_o will_v also_o prove_v profitable_a and_o not_o to_o be_v slight_v in_o this_o business_n of_o water_n proposition_n i._o problem_n 1._o a_o channel_n of_o running-water_n be_v give_v the_o breadth_n of_o which_o pass_v through_o a_o regulator_n be_v three_o palm_n and_o the_o height_n one_o palm_n little_o more_o or_o less_o to_o measure_v what_o water_n pass_v through_o the_o regulator_n in_o a_o time_n give_v first_o we_o be_v to_o dam_v up_o the_o channel_n so_o that_o there_o pass_v not_o any_o water_n below_o the_o dam_n then_o we_o must_v place_v in_o the_o side_n of_o the_o channel_n in_o the_o part_n above_o the_o regulator_n three_o or_o four_o or_o five_o bent-pipe_n or_o syphon_n according_a to_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o water_n that_o run_v along_o the_o channel_n in_o such_o sort_n as_o that_o they_o may_v drink_v up_o or_o draw_v out_o of_o the_o channel_n all_o the_o water_n that_o the_o channel_n bear_v and_o then_o shall_v we_o know_v that_o the_o syphon_n drink_v up_o all_o the_o water_n when_o we_o see_v that_o the_o water_n at_o the_o dam_n do_v neither_o rise_n high_o nor_o abate_v but_o always_o keep_v in_o the_o same_o level_n these_o thing_n be_v prepare_v take_v the_o instrument_n to_o measure_v the_o time_n we_o will_v examine_v the_o quantity_n of_o the_o water_n that_o issue_v by_o one_o of_o those_o syphon_n in_o the_o space_n of_o twenty_o vibration_n and_o the_o like_a will_v we_o do_v one_o by_o one_o with_o the_o other_o syphon_n and_o then_o collect_v the_o whole_a sum_n we_o will_v say_v that_o so_o much_o be_v the_o water_n that_o pass_v and_o run_v through_o the_o regulator_n or_o channel_n the_o dam_n be_v take_v away_o in_o the_o space_n of_o twenty_o second_o minute_n of_o a_o hour_n and_o calculate_v we_o may_v easy_o reduce_v it_o to_o hour_n day_n month_n and_o year_n and_o it_o have_v fall_v to_o my_o turn_n to_o measure_v this_o way_n the_o water_n of_o mill_n and_o fountain_n and_o i_o have_v be_v well_o assure_v of_o its_o exactness_n by_o often_o repeat_v the_o same_o work_n consideration_n and_o this_o method_n must_v be_v make_v use_n of_o in_o measure_v the_o water_n that_o we_o be_v to_o bring_v into_o conduct_n and_o carry_v into_o city_n and_o castle_n for_o fountain_n and_o that_o we_o may_v be_v able_a afterward_o to_o divide_v and_o share_v they_o to_o particular_a person_n just_o which_o will_v prevent_v infinite_a suit_n and_o controversy_n that_o every_o day_n happen_v in_o these_o matter_n proposition_n ii_o theorem_fw-la i._o if_o a_o river_n move_v with_o such_o a_o certain_a velocity_n through_o its_o regulator_n shall_v have_v a_o give_v quick_a height_n and_o afterward_o by_o new_a water_n shall_v increase_v to_o be_v double_a it_o shall_v also_o increase_v double_a in_o velocity_n let_v the_o quick_a height_n of_o a_o river_n in_o the_o regulator_n abcd_n be_v the_o perpendicular_a fb_n and_o afterward_o by_o new_a water_n that_o be_v add_v to_o the_o river_n let_v the_o water_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v raise_v to_o g_o so_o that_o gb_n may_v be_v double_a to_o ebb_v i_o say_v that_o all_o the_o water_n gc_n shall_v be_v double_a in_o velocity_n to_o that_o of_o aec_fw-la for_o the_o water_n gf_n have_v for_o its_o bed_n the_o bottom_n of_o equal_o incline_v as_o the_o bed_n bc_n and_o its_o quick_a height_n ge_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o quick_a height_n aec_fw-la and_o have_v the_o same_o breadth_n bc_n it_o shall_v have_v of_o itself_o a_o velocity_n equal_a to_o the_o velocity_n of_o the_o first_o water_n fc_n but_o because_o beside_o its_o own_o motion_n which_o be_v impart_v to_o it_o by_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o water_n aec_fw-la it_o have_v also_o over_o and_o above_o its_o own_o motion_n the_o motion_n of_o aec_fw-la and_o because_o the_o two_o water_n gc_a and_o aec_fw-la be_v alike_o in_o velocity_n by_o the_o three_o supposition_n therefore_o the_o whole_a water_n gc_n shall_v be_v double_a in_o velocity_n to_o the_o water_n aec_fw-la which_o be_v that_o which_o we_o be_v to_o demonstrate_v this_o demonstration_n be_v not_o here_o insert_v as_o perfect_a the_o author_n have_v by_o several_a letter_n to_o his_o friend_n confess_v himself_o unsatisfied_a therewith_o and_o that_o he_o intend_v not_o to_o publish_v the_o theorem_fw-la without_o a_o more_o solid_a demonstration_n which_o he_o be_v in_o hope_n to_o light_v upon_o but_o be_v overtake_v by_o death_n he_o can_v not_o give_v the_o finish_v touch_n either_o to_o this_o or_o to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o second_o book_n in_o consideration_n of_o which_o it_o seem_v good_a to_o the_o publisher_n of_o the_o same_o rather_o to_o omit_v it_o than_o to_o do_v any_o thing_n contrary_a to_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o author_n and_o this_o he_o hint_n by_o way_n of_o advertisement_n to_o those_o that_o have_v manuscript_n copy_n of_o this_o book_n with_o the_o say_a demonstration_n for_o this_o time_n let_v the_o reader_n content_v himself_o with_o the_o knowledge_n of_o so_o ingenious_a and_o profitable_a a_o conclusion_n of_o the_o truth_n of_o which_o he_o may_v with_o small_a expense_n and_o much_o pleasure_n be_v assure_v by_o mean_n of_o the_o experiment_n to_o be_v make_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n with_o that_o which_o be_v lay_v down_o in_o the_o second_o corollary_n of_o the_o four_o theorem_fw-la of_o this_o with_o its_o table_n and_o the_o use_n thereof_o annex_v corollary_n hence_o it_o follow_v that_o when_o a_o river_n increase_v in_o quick_a height_n by_o the_o addition_n of_o new_a water_n it_o also_o increase_v in_o velocity_n so_o that_o the_o velocity_n have_v the_o same_o proportion_n to_o the_o velocity_n that_o the_o quick_a height_n have_v to_o the_o quick_a height_n as_o may_v be_v demonstrate_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n propos_fw-fr iii_o problem_n ii_o a_o channel_n of_o water_n be_v give_v who_o breadth_n exceed_v not_o twenty_o palm_n or_o thereabouts_o and_o who_o quick_a height_n be_v less_o than_o five_o palm_n to_o measure_v the_o quantity_n of_o the_o water_n that_o run_v through_o the_o channel_n in_o a_o time_n give_v place_v in_o the_o channel_n a_o regulator_n and_o observe_v the_o quick_a height_n in_o the_o say_a regulator_n then_o let_v the_o water_n be_v turn_v away_o from_o the_o channel_n by_o a_o chanellet_n of_o three_o or_o four_o palm_n in_o breadth_n or_o thereabouts_o and_o that_o be_v do_v measure_v the_o quantity_n of_o the_o water_n which_o pass_v through_o the_o say_a chanellet_n as_o have_v be_v teach_v in_o the_o second_o proposition_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n observe_v exact_o how_o much_o the_o quick_a height_n shall_v be_v abate_v in_o the_o great_a channel_n by_o mean_n of_o the_o diversion_n of_o the_o chanellet_n and_o all_o these_o particular_n be_v perform_v multiply_v the_o quick_a height_n of_o the_o great_a channel_n into_o itself_o and_o likewise_o multiply_v into_o itself_o the_o lesser_a height_n of_o the_o say_v big_a channel_n and_o the_o lesser_a square_a be_v take_v from_o the_o great_a the_o remainder_n shall_v have_v the_o same_o proportion_n to_o the_o whole_a great_a square_n as_o the_o water_n of_o the_o chanellet_n divert_v have_v to_o the_o water_n of_o the_o big_a channel_n and_o because_o the_o water_n of_o the_o chanellet_n be_v know_v by_o the_o method_n say_v down_o in_o the_o first_o theorem_n and_o the_o term_n of_o the_o theorem_fw-la be_v also_o know_v the_o quantity_n of_o the_o water_n which_o run_v through_o the_o big_a channel_n shall_v be_v also_o know_v by_o the_o golden_a rule_n which_o be_v that_o that_o be_v desire_v to_o be_v know_v we_o will_v explain_v the_o whole_a business_n by_o a_o example_n let_v a_o channel_n be_v for_o example_n 15_o palm_n broad_a its_o quick_a height_n before_o its_o diversion_n by_o the_o chanellet_n shall_v be_v suppose_v to_o be_v 24_o inch_n but_o after_o the_o diversion_n let_v the_o quick_a height_n of_o the_o channel_n be_v only_o 22_o inch_n therefore_o the_o great_a height_n to_o the_o lesser_a be_v as_o the_o number_n 11._o to_o 12._o but_o the_o square_n of_o 11._o be_v 121_o and_o the_o square_a of_o 12._o be_v 144_o the_o difference_n between_o the_o say_v lesser_a square_a and_o the_o great_a be_v 23._o therefore_o the_o divert_a water_n be_v to_o the_o whole_a water_n as_o 23._o to_o 144_o which_o be_v well_o near_o as_o 1_o to_o 6â—_n and_o that_o be_v the_o proportion_n that_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o water_n which_o run_v through_o the_o chanellet_n shall_v have_v to_o all_o the_o water_n that_o run_v through_o the_o great_a channel_n now_o if_o we_o shall_v find_v by_o
the_o rule_n mention_v above_o in_o the_o first_o proposition_n that_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o water_n that_o run_v through_o the_o chanellet_n be_v v_o g._n a_o hundred_o barrel_n in_o the_o space_n of_o 15_o second_o minute_n of_o a_o hour_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o water_n which_o run_v through_o the_o great_a channel_n in_o the_o say_a time_n of_o 35_o min._n sec._n shall_v be_v about_o 600_o barrel_n the_o same_o operation_n perform_v another_o way_n and_o because_o very_o often_o in_o apply_v the_o theory_n to_o practise_v it_o happen_v that_o all_o the_o necessary_a particular_n in_o the_o theory_n can_v so_o easy_o be_v put_v in_o execution_n therefore_o we_o will_v here_o add_v another_o way_n of_o perform_v the_o same_o problem_n if_o it_o shall_v chance_v to_o happen_v that_o the_o chanellet_n can_v not_o commodious_o be_v divert_v from_o the_o great_a channel_n but_o that_o it_o be_v easy_a for_o the_o water_n of_o another_o small_a channel_n to_o be_v bring_v into_o the_o great_a channel_n which_o water_n of_o the_o small_a channel_n may_v be_v easy_o measure_v as_o have_v be_v show_v in_o the_o first_o problem_n or_o in_o case_n that_o there_o do_v fall_v into_o a_o great_a channel_n a_o lesser_a channel_n that_o may_v be_v divert_v and_o measure_v therefore_o i_o say_v in_o the_o first_o case_n if_o we_o will_v measure_v the_o quantity_n of_o the_o water_n that_o run_v in_o a_o certain_a time_n through_o the_o great_a channel_n into_o which_o another_o lesser_a channel_n that_o be_v measurable_a may_v be_v bring_v we_o must_v first_o exact_o measure_v the_o chanellet_n and_o then_o observe_v the_o quick_a height_n of_o the_o great_a channel_n before_o the_o introduction_n of_o the_o lesser_a and_o have_v bring_v in_o the_o say_a chanellet_n we_o must_v agnin_n find_v the_o proportion_n that_o the_o water_n of_o the_o chanellet_n have_v to_o all_o the_o water_n of_o the_o great_a channel_n for_o these_o term_n of_o the_o proportion_n be_v know_v as_o also_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o water_n of_o the_o chanellet_n we_o shall_v also_o come_v to_o know_v the_o quantity_n of_o the_o water_n that_o run_v through_o the_o great_a channel_n it_o be_v likewise_o manifest_a that_o we_o shall_v obtain_v our_o intent_n if_o the_o case_n be_v that_o there_o enter_v into_o the_o great_a channel_n another_o lesser_a channel_n that_o be_v measurable_a and_o that_o may_v be_v divert_v consideration_n it_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o make_v use_n of_o this_o doctrine_n in_o the_o distribution_n of_o the_o water_n that_o be_v employ_v to_o overflow_v the_o field_n as_o be_v use_v in_o the_o brescian_a cremonese_n bergamase_v lodigian_a milanese_n territory_n and_o many_o other_o place_n where_o very_o great_a suit_n and_o difference_n arise_v which_o not_o be_v to_o be_v determine_v with_o intelligible_a reason_n come_v oftentimes_o to_o be_v decide_v by_o force_n of_o arm_n and_o instead_o of_o flow_v their_o ground_n with_o water_n they_o cruel_o flow_v they_o with_o the_o shed_n of_o humane_a blood_n impious_o invert_v the_o course_n of_o peace_n and_o justice_n sow_v such_o disorder_n and_o feud_n as_o that_o they_o be_v sometime_o accompany_v with_o the_o ruin_n of_o whole_a city_n or_o else_o unprofitable_o charge_v they_o with_o vain_a and_o sometime_o prejudicial_a expense_n propos_fw-fr iv._o theor._n ii_o if_o a_o river_n increase_v in_o quick_a height_n the_o quantity_n of_o water_n which_o the_o river_n discharge_v after_o the_o increase_n have_v the_o proportion_n compound_v of_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o quick_a height_n to_o the_o quick_a height_n and_o of_o the_o velocity_n to_o the_o velocity_n let_v there_o be_v a_o river_n which_o whilst_o it_o be_v low_a run_v through_o the_o regulator_n df_n with_o the_o quick_a height_n ab_fw-la and_o afterward_o let_v a_o flood_n come_v and_o then_o let_v it_o run_v with_o the_o height_n db_n i_o say_v that_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o water_n that_o be_v discharge_v through_o df_n to_o that_o which_o discharge_v through_o of_o have_v the_o proportion_n compound_v of_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o velocity_n through_o df_n to_o the_o velocity_n through_o of_o and_o of_o the_o height_n db_n to_o the_o height_n ab_fw-la as_o the_o velocity_n through_o df_n be_v to_o the_o velocity_n through_o of_o so_o let_v the_o line_n r_o be_v to_o the_o line_n s_o and_o as_o the_o height_n db_n be_v to_o the_o height_n ab_fw-la so_o let_v the_o line_n s_o be_v to_o the_o line_n t._n and_o let_v a_o section_n be_v suppose_v lmn_n equal_a to_o the_o section_n df_n in_o height_n and_o length_n but_o let_v it_o be_v in_o velocity_n equal_a to_o the_o section_n af._n therefore_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o water_n that_o run_v through_o df_n to_o that_o which_o run_v through_o ln_o shall_v be_v as_o the_o velocity_n through_o df_n to_o the_o velocity_n of_o ln_o that_o be_v to_o the_o velocity_n through_o ln_o that_o be_v to_o the_o velocity_n through_o af._n therefore_o the_o quantity_n of_o water_n which_o run_v through_o df_n to_o that_o which_o pass_v through_o ln_o shall_v have_v the_o proportion_n that_o r_o have_v to_o saint_n but_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o water_n that_o run_v through_o ln_o to_o that_o which_o run_v through_o of_o the_o section_n be_v equal_o swift_a shall_v have_v the_o proportion_n that_o the_o section_n ln_o have_v to_o the_o section_n of_o that_o be_v that_o the_o height_n bd_o have_v to_o the_o height_n basilius_n that_o be_v that_o saint_n have_v to_o t._n therefore_o by_o equal_a proportion_n the_o quantity_n of_o the_o water_n which_o run_v by_o df_n to_o that_o which_o run_v by_o of_o shall_v have_v the_o proportion_n of_o r_o to_o t_n that_o be_v shall_v be_v compound_v of_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o height_n db_n to_o the_o height_n ab_fw-la and_o of_o the_o velocity_n through_o df_n to_o the_o velocity_n through_o af._n and_o therefore_o if_o a_o river_n increase_v in_o quick_a height_n the_o quantity_n of_o the_o water_n that_o run_v after_o the_o increase_n to_o that_o which_o run_v before_o the_o increase_n have_v the_o proportion_n compound_v etc._n etc._n which_o be_v to_o be_v demonstrate_v corollary_n i._n hence_o it_o follow_v that_o we_o have_v show_v that_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o water_n which_o run_v whilst_o the_o river_n be_v high_a to_o that_o which_o run_v whilst_o it_o be_v low_a have_v the_o proportion_n compound_v of_o the_o velocity_n to_o the_o velocity_n and_o of_o the_o height_n to_o the_o height_n and_o it_o have_v be_v demonstrate_v that_o the_o velocity_n to_o the_o velocity_n be_v as_o the_o height_n to_o the_o height_n it_o follow_v i_o say_v that_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o water_n that_o run_v whilst_o the_o river_n be_v high_a to_o that_o which_o run_v whilst_o it_o be_v low_a have_v duplicate_v proportion_n of_o the_o height_n to_o the_o height_n that_o be_v the_o proportion_n that_o the_o square_n of_o the_o height_n have_v corollary_n ii_o upon_o which_o thing_n depend_v the_o reason_n of_o that_o which_o i_o have_v say_v in_o my_o second_o consideration_n that_o if_o by_o the_o diversion_n of59._o of_o the_o water_n that_o enter_v by_o the_o river_n into_o the_o moor_n or_o fen_n the_o water_n be_v abate_v such_o a_o measure_n that_o same_o shall_v be_v only_o one_o three_o of_o its_o whole_a height_n but_o moreover_o divert_v the_o 49_o it_o shall_v abate_v two_o other_o three_o a_o most_o principal_a point_n and_o such_o that_o it_o be_v not_o have_v be_v well_o understand_v have_v cause_v very_o great_a disorder_n and_o there_o will_v now_o more_o than_o ever_o follow_v extreme_a damage_n if_o one_o shall_v put_v in_o execution_n the_o diversion_n of_o the_o sile_z and_o other_o river_n and_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n wherewith_o it_o have_v be_v demonstrate_v that_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o water_n increase_v quadruple_a the_o height_n will_v increase_v only_o double_a and_o the_o quantity_n increase_v nonuple_n the_o height_n increase_v triple_a so_o that_o by_o add_v to_o unit_v all_o the_o odd_a number_n according_a to_o their_o series_n the_o height_n increase_v according_a to_o the_o natural_a progression_n of_o all_o the_o number_n from_o unit_n as_o for_o example_n there_o pass_v through_o a_o regulator_n such_o a_o certain_a quantity_n of_o water_n in_o one_o time_n add_v three_o of_o those_o measure_n the_o quick_a height_n be_v two_o of_o those_o part_n which_o at_o first_o be_v one_o and_o continue_v to_o add_v five_o of_o those_o say_a measure_n the_o height_n be_v three_o of_o those_o part_n which_o at_o first_o be_v one_o and_o thus_o add_v seven_o and_o then_o nine_o and_o then_o 11._o and_o then_o 13_o etc._n etc._n the_o height_n shall_v be_v 4._o then_o 5_o than_o 6._o then_o 7_o
from_o the_o channel_n and_o dilate_a into_o a_o broad_a course_n from_o which_o likewise_o have_v divers_a outlet_n and_o mouth_n yet_o nevertheless_o in_o that_o breadth_n also_o the_o quick_a height_n successive_o vary_v and_o alter_v in_o the_o same_o proportion_n nor_o do_v i_o here_o desist_v my_o observation_n but_o the_o water_n be_v diminish_v that_o issue_v from_o the_o syphon_n and_o there_o be_v but_o one_o of_o they_o leave_v that_o discharge_v water_n i_o observe_v the_o quick_a height_n that_o it_o make_v in_o the_o abovesaid_a cite_v the_o which_o be_v likewise_o 1_o 10_o of_o all_o the_o first_o height_n there_o be_v add_v to_o the_o water_n of_o that_o syphon_n the_o water_n of_o three_o other_o syphon_n so_o that_o all_o the_o water_n be_v of_o 4_o syphon_n and_o consequent_o quadruple_a to_o the_o first_o syphon_n but_o the_o quick_a height_n be_v only_o double_a and_o add_v five_o siphons_n the_o quick_a height_n become_v triple_a and_o with_o add_v seven_o syphon_n the_o height_n increase_v quadruple_a and_o so_o by_o add_v of_o 9_o it_o increase_v quintuple_a and_o by_o add_v of_o 11._o it_o increase_v sextuple_a and_o by_o add_v of_o 13._o it_o increase_v septuple_a and_o by_o add_v of_o 15._o octuple_a and_o by_o add_v of_o 17._o nonuple_n and_o last_o by_o add_v 19_o syphon_n so_o that_o all_o the_o water_n be_v centuple_a to_o the_o water_n of_o one_o syphon_n yet_o nevertheless_o the_o quick_a height_n of_o all_o this_o water_n be_v only_a decuple_n to_o the_o first_o height_n conjoin_v by_o the_o water_n that_o issue_v from_o one_o only_a syphon_n for_o the_o more_o clear_a understanding_n of_o all_o which_o i_o have_v make_v the_o follow_a figure_n in_o which_o we_o have_v the_o mouth_n a_o that_o maintain_v the_o water_n of_o the_o vessel_n bc_n in_o the_o same_o level_n though_o it_o continual_o run_v to_o the_o brim_n of_o the_o vessel_n be_v put_v 25._o syphon_n and_o there_o may_v be_v many_o more_o divide_v into_o 5_o class_n defgh_a and_o the_o first_o d_o be_v of_o one_o only_a syphon_n the_o second_o e_z of_o three_o syphon_n the_o three_o f_o of_o five_o the_o fourth_z g_z of_o 7_o the_o five_o h_n of_o 9_o and_o one_o may_v suppose_v the_o six_o of_o 11_o the_o seven_o of_o 13_o syphon_n and_o so_o of_o the_o other_o class_n all_o contain_v in_o consequent_a odd_a number_n successive_o we_o be_v content_a to_o represent_v in_o the_o figure_n no_o more_o but_o the_o five_o forename_a class_n to_o avoid_v confusion_n the_o gather_a water_n defgh_o which_o run_v through_o the_o channel_n ikl_n and_o fall_v into_o the_o outlet_a mnop_n and_o so_o much_o suffice_v for_o the_o explanation_n of_o this_o experiment_n propos_fw-fr v._o prob._n iii_o any_o river_n of_o any_o bigness_n if_o be_v give_v to_o examine_v the_o quantity_n of_o the_o water_n that_o run_v through_o the_o river_n in_o a_o time_n assign_v by_o what_o we_o have_v say_v already_o in_o the_o two_o precede_a problem_n we_o may_v also_o resolve_v this_o that_o we_o have_v now_o before_o we_o and_o it_o be_v do_v by_o divert_v in_o the_o first_o place_n from_o the_o great_a river_n a_o good_a big_a measurable_a channel_n as_o be_v teach_v in_o the_o second_o problem_n and_o observe_v the_o abatement_n of_o the_o river_n cause_v by_o the_o diversion_n of_o the_o channel_n and_o find_v the_o proportion_n that_o the_o water_n of_o the_o channel_n have_v to_o that_o of_o the_o river_n then_o let_v the_o water_n of_o the_o channel_n be_v measure_v by_o the_o second_o problem_n and_o work_v as_o above_o and_o you_o shall_v have_v your_o desire_n consideration_n i._o and_o although_o it_o seem_v as_o if_o it_o may_v prove_v difficult_a and_o almost_o impossible_a to_o make_v use_n of_o the_o regulator_n number_n if_o one_o be_v about_o to_o measure_v the_o water_n of_o some_o great_a river_n and_o consequent_o will_v be_v impossible_a or_o at_o least_o very_a difficult_a to_o reduce_v the_o theory_n of_o the_o first_o problem_n into_o practice_n yet_o nevertheless_o i_o can_v say_v that_o such_o great_a conceit_n of_o measure_v the_o water_n of_o a_o great_a river_n be_v not_o to_o come_v into_o the_o mind_n of_o any_o but_o great_a personage_n and_o potent_a prince_n of_o who_o it_o be_v expect_v for_o their_o extraordinary_a concern_v that_o they_o will_v make_v these_o kind_n of_o inquiry_n as_o if_o here_o in_o italy_n it_o shall_v be_v of_o the_o river_n tiber_n velino_n chiana_n arno_n serchio_n adice_n in_o which_o it_o seem_v real_o difficult_a to_o apply_v the_o regulator_n to_o find_v exact_o the_o quick_a height_n of_o the_o river_n but_o because_o in_o such_o like_a case_n sometime_o it_o will_v turn_v to_o account_v to_o be_v at_o some_o charge_n to_o come_v to_o the_o exact_a and_o true_a knowledge_n of_o the_o quantity_n of_o water_n which_o that_o river_n carry_v by_o knowledge_n whereof_o other_o great_a disbursment_n may_v afterward_o be_v avoid_v that_o will_v oft_o time_n be_v make_v in_o vain_a and_o prevent_v the_o disgust_n which_o sometime_o happen_v among_o prince_n upon_o this_o ground_n i_o think_v it_o will_v be_v well_o to_o show_v also_o the_o way_n how_o to_o make_v use_n of_o the_o regulator_n in_o these_o great_a river_n in_o which_o if_o we_o will_v but_o open_v our_o eye_n we_o shall_v meet_v with_o good_a one_o and_o those_o make_v without_o great_a cost_n or_o labour_n which_o will_v serve_v our_o turn_n for_o upon_o such_o like_a river_n there_o be_v wear_v or_o lock_n make_v to_o cause_v the_o water_n to_o rise_v and_o to_o turn_v they_o for_o the_o service_n of_o mill_n or_o the_o like_a now_o in_o these_o case_n it_o be_v sufficient_a that_o one_o erect_v upon_o the_o two_o extreme_n of_o the_o wear_v two_o pilaster_n either_o of_o wood_n or_o brick_n which_o with_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o wear_n do_v compose_v our_o regulator_n wherewith_o we_o may_v make_v our_o desire_a operation_n yea_o the_o channel_n itself_o divert_v shall_v serve_v without_o make_v any_o other_o diversion_n or_o union_n and_o in_o brief_a if_o the_o business_n be_v but_o manage_v by_o a_o judicious_a person_n there_o may_v way_n and_o help_n be_v make_v use_n of_o according_a to_o occasion_n of_o which_o it_o will_v be_v too_o tedious_a to_o speak_v and_o therefore_o this_o little_a that_o have_v be_v hint_v shall_v suffice_v consideration_n ii_o from_o what_o have_v be_v declare_v if_o it_o shall_v be_v well_o understand_v may_v be_v deduce_v many_o benefit_n and_o convenience_n not_o only_o in_o divide_v of_o run_v water_n for_o infinite_a use_n that_o they_o be_v put_v to_o in_o turn_v of_o corne-mill_n paper-mill_n gin_n powder-mill_n rice-mill_n iron-mill_n oil-mill_n sawing-mill_n mirtle-mill_n felling-mill_n fulling-mill_n silk-mill_n and_o such_o other_o machine_n but_o also_o in_o order_v navigable_a channel_n divert_v river_n and_o channel_n of_o water_n or_o terminate_n and_o limit_v the_o size_n of_o pipe_n for_o fountain_n in_o all_o which_o affair_n there_o be_v great_a error_n coâ—â—â—â—â—ed_v to_o the_o loss_n of_o much_o expense_n the_o channel_n and_o pipe_n that_o be_v make_v sometime_o not_o be_v sufficient_a to_o carry_v the_o design_v water_n and_o sometime_o they_o be_v make_v big_a than_o be_v necessary_a which_o disorder_n shall_v be_v avoid_v if_o the_o engineer_n be_v advise_v of_o the_o thing_n abovesaid_a and_o in_o case_n that_o to_o these_o notion_n there_o be_v add_v the_o knowledge_n of_o philosophy_n and_o mathematics_n agreeable_a to_o the_o sublime_a discovery_n of_o signore_fw-la galileo_n and_o the_o further_a improvement_n thereof_o by_o signore_v evangelista_n torricelli_n mathematician_n to_o the_o grand_a duke_n of_o tuscany_n who_o have_v subtle_o and_o admirable_o handle_v this_o whole_a business_n of_o motion_n one_o shall_v then_o come_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o particular_a notion_n of_o great_a curiosity_n in_o the_o theorick_n and_o of_o extraordinary_a benefit_n in_o the_o practic_n that_o daily_a occur_v in_o these_o business_n and_o to_o show_v in_o effect_n of_o what_o utility_n these_o notion_n be_v i_o have_v think_v fit_a to_o insert_v in_o this_o place_n the_o consideration_n by_o i_o make_v upon_o the_o lake_n of_o venice_n and_o to_o represent_v at_o large_a by_o the_o experience_n of_o the_o last_o year_n 1641._o the_o most_o serene_a erizzo_n than_o duke_n of_o the_o say_a republic_n be_v therefore_o at_o venice_n in_o the_o year_n aforesaid_a i_o be_v request_v by_o the_o most_o illustrious_a and_o most_o excellent_a signore_v giovanni_n basadonna_n a_o senator_n of_o great_a worth_n and_o merit_n that_o i_o will_v ingenuous_o deliver_v my_o opinion_n touch_v the_o state_n of_o the_o lake_n of_o venice_n and_o after_o i_o have_v discourse_v with_o his_o honour_n several_a time_n in_o the_o end_n i_o have_v order_n to_o
set_v down_o the_o whole_a business_n in_o writing_n who_o have_v afterward_o read_v it_o private_o the_o say_v signore_v impart_v the_o same_o with_o like_a privacy_n to_o the_o most_o serene_a prince_n and_o i_o receive_v order_n to_o represent_v the_o same_o to_o the_o full_a college_n as_o according_o i_o do_v in_o the_o month_n of_o may_n the_o same_o year_n and_o it_o be_v as_o follow_v consideration_n concern_v the_o lake_n of_o venice_n by_o d._n benedetto_n castelli_n abbot_n of_o s._n benedetto_n aloysio_n mathematician_n to_o pope_n vrban_n viii_o and_o professor_n in_o rome_n consideration_n i._n though_o the_o principal_a cause_n be_v but_o one_o only_a that_o in_o my_o judgement_n threaten_v irreparable_a ruin_n to_o the_o lake_n of_o venice_n in_o the_o present_a state_n in_o which_o it_o now_o stand_v yet_o nevertheless_o i_o think_v that_o two_o head_n may_v be_v consider_v and_o this_o consideration_n may_v peradventure_o serve_v we_o for_o to_o facilitate_v and_o explain_v the_o opportune_a remedy_n though_o not_o to_o render_v the_o state_n of_o thing_n absolute_o unchangeable_a and_o eternal_a a_o enterprise_n impossible_a and_o especial_o in_o that_o which_o have_v have_v some_o beginning_n ought_v likewise_o necessary_o to_o have_v its_o end_n or_o at_o least_o to_o prevent_v the_o danger_n for_o many_o hundred_o of_o year_n and_o possible_o it_o may_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n by_o the_o mutation_n itself_o be_v bring_v into_o a_o better_a condition_n i_o say_v therefore_o that_o the_o present_a disorder_n may_v be_v consider_v under_o two_o head_n one_o be_v the_o very_a notable_a discovery_n of_o land_n that_o be_v observe_v at_o the_o time_n of_o low_a water_n the_o which_o beside_o the_o obstruct_n of_o navigation_n in_o the_o lake_n and_o also_o in_o the_o channel_n do_v likewise_o threaten_v another_o mischief_n and_o disorder_n worthy_a of_o very_o particular_a consideration_n which_o be_v that_o the_o sun_n dry_v up_o that_o mud_n especial_o in_o the_o time_n of_o hot_a summer_n do_v raise_v thence_o the_o putrify_a and_o pernicious_a vapour_n fog_n and_o exhalation_n that_o infect_v the_o air_n and_o may_v render_v the_o city_n unhabitable_a the_o second_o head_n be_v the_o great_a stoppage_n that_o daily_o be_v grow_v in_o the_o port_n especial_o of_o venice_n at_o malamoco_n concern_v which_o matter_n i_o will_v hint_n certain_a general_a point_n and_o then_o will_v proceed_v to_o the_o more_o particular_a and_o important_a affair_n and_o first_o i_o say_v that_o i_o hold_v it_o altogether_o impossible_a to_o effect_v any_o thing_n though_o never_o so_o profitable_a which_o do_v not_o bring_v with_o it_o some_o mischief_n and_o therefore_o the_o good_a and_o the_o hurt_n ought_v to_o be_v very_o well_o weigh_v and_o then_o the_o less_o harmful_a part_n to_o be_v embrace_v second_o i_o propose_v to_o consideration_n that_o the_o so_o notable_a discovery_n of_o earth_n &_o mud_n have_v not_o be_v long_o observe_v as_o i_o understand_v from_o old_a person_n that_o can_v remember_v passage_n for_o fifty_o year_n past_a which_o thing_n be_v true_a as_o to_o i_o it_o seem_v most_o true_a it_o shall_v appear_v that_o it_o can_v not_o but_o be_v good_a to_o reduce_v matter_n to_o that_o pass_n that_o they_o be_v at_o former_o lay_v aside_o all_o affection_n or_o passion_n that_o self-flattering_a mind_n have_v entertain_v for_o their_o own_o conceit_n or_o at_o least_o it_o shall_v be_v necessary_a speedy_o to_o consult_v the_o whole_a three_o i_o hold_v that_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o weigh_v whether_o from_o the_o foresay_a discovery_n of_o land_n it_o follow_v that_o only_o the_o earth_n rise_v as_o it_o be_v common_o think_v by_o all_o without_o dispute_n or_o whether_o the_o water_n be_v abate_v and_o fall_v away_o or_o else_o whether_o it_o proceed_v from_o both_o the_o one_o and_o other_o cause_n and_o here_o it_o will_v be_v seasonable_a to_o inquire_v what_o share_v the_o say_a cause_n may_v have_v each_o consider_v apart_o in_o the_o foresay_a effect_n for_o in_o the_o first_o case_n if_o the_o earth_n have_v be_v raise_v it_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o consider_v of_o take_v it_o down_o and_o remove_v it_o but_o if_o the_o water_n have_v fail_v or_o abate_v i_o believe_v that_o it_o will_v be_v extreme_o necessary_a to_o restore_v and_o raise_v they_o and_o if_o both_o these_o reason_n have_v conspire_v in_o this_o effect_n it_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o remedy_v they_o each_o apart_o and_o i_o do_v for_o my_o part_n think_v that_o the_o so_o notable_a appearance_n of_o shelf_n at_o the_o time_n of_o low_a water_n proceed_v principal_o from_o the_o decrease_n and_o abatement_n of_o the_o water_n which_o may_v confident_o be_v affirm_v to_o need_v no_o other_o proof_n in_o regard_n that_o the_o brent_n have_v be_v actual_o divert_v which_o do_v former_o discharge_v its_o water_n into_o the_o lake_n as_o to_o the_o other_o point_n of_o the_o great_a stoppage_n of_o port_n i_o hold_v that_o all_o proceed_v from_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v sometime_o disturb_v by_o wind_n especial_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o water_n flow_v do_v continual_o raise_v from_o its_o bottom_n immense_a heap_n of_o sand_n carry_v they_o by_o the_o tide_n and_o force_n of_o the_o wave_n into_o the_o lake_n it_o not_o have_v on_o its_o part_n any_o sttength_n of_o current_n that_o may_v raise_v and_o carry_v they_o away_o they_o sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n and_o so_o they_o choke_v up_o the_o port_n and_o that_o this_o effect_n happen_v in_o this_o manner_n we_o have_v most_o frequent_a experience_n thereof_o along_o the_o seacoast_n and_o i_o have_v observe_v in_o tuscany_n on_o the_o roman-shore_n and_o in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o of_o naples_n that_o when_o a_o river_n fall_v into_o the_o sea_n there_o be_v always_o see_v in_o the_o sea_n itself_o at_o the_o place_n of_o the_o river_n outlet_a the_o resemblance_n as_o it_o be_v of_o a_o halfmoon_n or_o a_o great_a shelf_n of_o settle_a sand_n under_o water_n much_o high_a than_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o shore_n and_o it_o be_v call_v in_o tuscany_n il_fw-fr cavallo_n and_o here_o in_o venice_n lo_o scanto_n the_o which_o come_v to_o be_v cut_v by_o the_o current_n of_o the_o river_n one_o while_o on_o the_o right_a side_n another_o while_n on_o the_o left_a and_o sometime_o in_o the_o midst_n according_a as_o the_o wind_n sit_v and_o a_o like_a effect_n i_o have_v observe_v in_o certain_a little_a rillet_n of_o water_n along_o the_o lake_n of_o bolsena_n with_o no_o other_o difference_n save_v that_o of_o small_a and_o great_a now_o who_o so_o well_o consider_v this_o effect_n plain_o see_v that_o it_o proceed_v from_o no_o other_o than_o from_o the_o contrariety_n of_o the_o stream_n of_o the_o river_n to_o the_o impetus_fw-la of_o the_o sea-wave_n see_v that_o great_a abundance_n of_o sand_n which_o the_o sea_n continual_o throw_v upon_o the_o shore_n come_v to_o be_v drive_v into_o the_o sea_n by_o the_o stream_n of_o the_o river_n and_o in_o that_o place_n where_o those_o two_o impediment_n meet_v with_o equal_a force_n the_o sand_n settle_v under_o water_n and_o thereupon_o be_v make_v that_o same_o shelf_n or_o cavallo_n the_o which_o if_o the_o river_n carry_v water_n and_o that_o any_o considerable_a store_n it_o shall_v be_v thereby_o cut_v and_o break_v one_o while_o in_o one_o place_n and_o another_o while_n in_o another_o as_o have_v be_v say_v according_a as_o the_o wind_n blow_v and_o through_o that_o channel_n it_o be_v that_o vessel_n fall_v down_o into_o the_o sea_n and_o again_o make_v to_o the_o river_n as_o into_o a_o port._n but_o if_o the_o water_n of_o the_o river_n shall_v not_o be_v continual_a or_o shall_v be_v weak_a in_o that_o case_n the_o force_n of_o the_o sea-wind_n shall_v drive_v such_o a_o quantity_n of_o sand_n into_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o port_n and_o of_o the_o river_n as_o shall_v whole_o choke_v it_o up_o and_o hereupon_o there_o be_v see_v along_o the_o seaside_n very_o many_o lake_n and_o meers_n which_o at_o certain_a time_n of_o the_o year_n abound_v with_o water_n and_o the_o lake_n bear_v down_o that_o enclosure_n and_o run_v into_o the_o sea_n now_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o make_v the_o like_a reflection_n on_o our_o port_n of_o venice_n malamocco_n bondolo_n and_o chiozza_n which_o in_o a_o certain_a sense_n be_v no_o other_o than_o creek_n mouth_n and_o open_n of_o the_o shore_n that_o part_v the_o lake_n from_o the_o main_a sea_n and_o therefore_o i_o hold_v that_o if_o the_o water_n in_o the_o lake_n be_v plentiful_a they_o will_v have_v strength_n to_o scour_v the_o mouth_n of_o the_o port_n thorough_o &_o with_o great_a force_n but_o the_o water_n in_o the_o lake_n fail_v the_o sea_n will_v without_o any_o opposal_n
bring_v such_o a_o drift_n of_o sand_n into_o the_o port_n that_o if_o it_o do_v not_o whole_o choke_v they_o up_o it_o shall_v render_v they_o at_o least_o unprofitable_a and_o impossible_a for_o bark_n and_o great_a vessel_n many_o other_o consideration_n may_v be_v propound_v concern_v these_o two_o head_n of_o the_o stoppage_n of_o the_o port_n and_o of_o the_o appearance_n of_o the_o ouze_n and_o mud_n in_o the_o lake_n but_o so_o much_o shall_v suffice_v we_o to_o have_v hint_v to_o make_v way_n for_o discourse_v of_o the_o operation_n about_o the_o oportune_a remedy_n yet_o before_o that_o i_o propound_v my_o opinion_n i_o say_v that_o i_o know_v very_o well_o that_o my_o proposal_n at_o first_o sight_n will_v seem_v absurd_a and_o inconvenient_a and_o therefore_o as_o such_o will_v perhaps_o be_v reject_v by_o the_o most_o and_o so_o much_o the_o rather_o for_o that_o it_o will_v prove_v direct_o contrary_a to_o what_o have_v hitherto_o be_v and_o as_o i_o hear_v be_v intend_v to_o be_v do_v and_o i_o be_o not_o so_o wed_v to_o my_o opinion_n but_o that_o i_o do_v consider_v what_o other_o may_v judge_v thereof_o but_o be_v it_o as_o it_o will_v i_o be_o oblige_v to_o speak_v my_o thought_n free_o and_o that_o be_v do_v i_o will_v leave_v it_o to_o wise_a man_n than_o my_o sâ—lf_n when_o they_o shall_v have_v well_o consider_v my_o reason_n to_o judge_v and_o deliberate_v of_o the_o quid_fw-la agendum_fw-la and_o if_o the_o sentence_n shall_v go_v against_o i_o i_o appeal_v to_o the_o most_o equitable_a and_o inexorable_a tribunal_n of_o nature_n who_o not_o care_v in_o the_o least_o to_o please_v either_o one_o party_n or_o another_o will_v be_v always_o a_o punctual_a and_o inviolable_a executrix_fw-la of_o her_o eternal_a decree_n against_o which_o neither_o humane_a deliberation_n nor_o our_o vain_a desire_n shall_v ever_o have_v power_n to_o rebel_v i_o add_v by_o word_n of_o mouth_n that_o which_o follow_v though_o your_o highness_n interest_n 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this_o it_o be_v that_o there_o be_v restore_v into_o the_o lake_n as_o much_o water_n as_o can_v be_v possible_a and_o in_o particular_a from_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o venice_n take_v care_n that_o the_o water_n be_v as_o free_a from_o mud_n as_o be_v possible_a and_o that_o this_o be_v the_o true_a and_o real_a remedy_n of_o the_o precedent_a disorder_n be_v manifest_a for_o in_o the_o passage_n that_o this_o water_n shall_v make_v through_o the_o lake_n it_o shall_v of_o itself_o by_o degree_n clear_v the_o channel_n in_o sundry_a part_n of_o they_o according_a to_o the_o current_n that_o it_o shall_v successive_o acquire_v and_o in_o this_o manner_n be_v disperse_v through_o the_o lake_n it_o shall_v maintain_v the_o water_n in_o the_o same_o and_o in_o the_o channel_n much_o high_o as_o i_o shall_v prove_v hereafter_o a_o thing_n that_o will_v make_v navigation_n commodious_a and_o that_o which_o moreover_o be_v of_o great_a moment_n in_o our_o business_n those_o shelf_n of_o 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only_o namely_o breadth_n and_o depth_n keep_v no_o account_n of_o the_o length_n and_o yet_o the_o water_n be_v though_o run_v a_o body_n it_o be_v necessary_a in_o form_v a_o conceit_n of_o its_o quantity_n in_o relation_n to_o another_o to_o keep_v account_n of_o all_o the_o three_o dimension_n that_o be_v of_o length_n breadth_n and_o depth_n here_o a_o objection_n have_v be_v put_v to_o i_o in_o behalf_n of_o the_o ordinary_a way_n of_o measure_v run_v water_n in_o opposition_n to_o what_o i_o have_v above_o consider_v and_o propose_v and_o i_o be_v tell_v it_o be_v true_a that_o in_o measure_v a_o body_n that_o stand_v still_o one_o ought_v to_o take_v all_o the_o three_o dimension_n but_o in_o measure_v a_o body_n that_o continual_o move_v as_o the_o water_n the_o case_n be_v not_o the_o same_o for_o the_o length_n be_v not_o to_o be_v have_v the_o length_n of_o the_o water_n that_o move_v be_v infinite_a as_o never_o finish_v its_o run_n and_o consequent_o be_v 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in_o equal_a time_n but_o that_o one_o of_o they_o shall_v be_v four_o time_n more_o swift_a than_o the_o other_o the_o more_o slow_a shall_v of_o necessity_n be_v four_o time_n more_o large_a and_o because_o the_o same_o river_n in_o any_o part_n thereof_o always_o discharge_v the_o same_o quantity_n of_o water_n in_o equal_a time_n as_o be_v demonstrate_v in_o the_o first_o proposition_n of_o the_o first_o book_n book_n of_o the_o measure_n of_o run_v water_n but_o yet_o do_v not_o run_v throughout_o with_o the_o same_o velocity_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o vulgar_a measure_n of_o the_o say_a river_n in_o divers_a part_n of_o its_o channel_n be_v always_o divers_a insomuch_o that_o if_o a_o river_n pass_v through_o its_o channel_n have_v such_o velocity_n that_o it_o run_v 100_o brace_n in_o the_o 1_o 1_o 60_o of_o a_o hour-and_a afterward_o the_o say_a river_n shall_v be_v reduce_v to_o so_o much_o tardity_n of_o motion_n as_o that_o in_o the_o same_o time_n it_o shall_v not_o 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this_o be_v as_o much_o as_o i_o shall_v offer_v for_o the_o present_a touch_v this_o weighty_a buisiness_n always_o submit_v myself_o to_o sound_a judgement_n of_o the_o abovesaid_a write_n i_o present_v a_o copy_n at_o venice_n at_o a_o full_a college_n in_o which_o i_o read_v it_o all_o and_o it_o be_v hearken_v to_o with_o very_o great_a attention_n and_o at_o last_o i_o present_v it_o to_o the_o duke_n and_o leave_v some_o copy_n thereof_o with_o sundry_a senator_n and_o go_v my_o way_n promise_v with_o all_o intenseness_n to_o apply_v my_o pain_n with_o reiterated_a study_n in_o the_o public_a service_n and_o if_o any_o other_o thing_n shall_v come_v into_o my_o mind_n i_o promise_v to_o declare_v they_o sincere_o and_o so_o take_v leave_v of_o his_o serenity_n and_o that_o noble_a council_n when_o i_o be_v return_v to_o rome_n this_o business_n night_n and_o day_n continual_o run_v in_o my_o mind_n i_o happen_v to_o think_v of_o another_o admirable_a and_o most_o important_a conceit_n which_o with_o effectual_a reason_n confirm_v by_o exact_a operation_n i_o with_o the_o divine_a assistance_n make_v clear_a and_o manifest_a and_o though_o the_o thing_n at_o first_o sight_n seem_v to_o i_o a_o most_o extravagant_a paradox_n yet_o notwithstanding_o have_v satisfy_v myself_o of_o the_o whole_a business_n i_o send_v it_o in_o write_v to_o the_o most_o illustrious_a and_o most_o noble_a signore_v gio._n basadonna_n who_o after_o he_o have_v well_o consider_v my_o paper_n carry_v it_o to_o the_o council_n and_o after_o that_o those_o lord_n have_v for_o many_o month_n mature_o consider_v thereon_o they_o in_o the_o end_n resolve_v to_o suspend_v the_o execution_n of_o the_o diversion_n which_o they_o have_v before_o consult_v to_o make_v of_o the_o river_n sile_z and_o of_o four_o other_o river_n which_o also_o fall_v into_o the_o lake_n a_o thing_n by_o i_o blame_v in_o this_o second_o paper_n as_o most_o prejudicial_a and_o harmful_a the_o writing_n speak_v as_o follow_v consideration_n concern_v the_o lake_n of_o venice_n consideration_n ii_o if_o the_o discourse_v well_o about_o the_o truth_n of_o thing_n most_o serene_a prince_n be_v as_o the_o carry_n of_o burden_n in_o which_o we_o see_v that_o a_o hundred_o horse_n carry_v a_o great_a weight_n than_o one_o horse_n only_o it_o will_v seem_v that_o one_o may_v make_v more_o account_n of_o the_o opinion_n of_o many_o man_n than_o of_o one_o alone_a but_o because_o that_o discourse_v more_o resemble_v run_v than_o carry_v burden_n in_o which_o we_o see_v that_o one_o barb_n alone_o run_v fast_a than_o a_o hundred_o heavy-heeled_a jade_n therefore_o i_o have_v ever_o more_o esteem_v one_o conclusion_n well_o manage_v and_o well_o consider_v by_o one_o understanding_n man_n although_o alone_o than_o the_o common_a and_o vulgar_a opinion_n especial_o when_o they_o concern_v abstruse_a and_o arduous_a point_n nay_o in_o such_o case_n the_o opinion_n mould_v and_o frame_v by_o the_o most_o ignorant_a and_o stupid_a vulgar_a have_v be_v ever_o suspect_v by_o i_o as_o false_a for_o that_o it_o will_v be_v a_o great_a wonder_n if_o in_o difficult_a matter_n a_o common_a capacity_n shall_v hit_v upon_o that_o which_o be_v handsome_a good_a and_o true_a hence_o i_o have_v and_o do_v hold_v in_o very_o great_a veneration_n the_o sum_n of_o the_o government_n of_o the_o most_o serene_a and_o eternal_a republic_n of_o venice_n which_o although_o as_o be_v in_o nature_n a_o commonwealth_n it_o ought_v to_o be_v govern_v by_o the_o great_a part_n yet_o nevertheless_o in_o arduous_a affair_n it_o be_v always_o direct_v by_o the_o grave_a judgement_n of_o few_o and_o not_o judge_v blind_o by_o the_o plebeian_n rout._n it_o be_v true_a that_o he_o that_o propound_v
proposition_n far_o above_o the_o reach_n of_o common_a capacity_n run_v a_o great_a hazard_n of_o be_v very_o often_o condemn_v without_o further_a process_n or_o knowledge_n of_o the_o cause_n but_o yet_o for_o all_o that_o the_o truth_n be_v not_o to_o be_v desert_v in_o most_o weighty_a affair_n but_o ought_v rather_o to_o be_v explain_v in_o due_a place_n and_o time_n with_o all_o possible_a perspicuity_n that_o so_o be_v well_o understand_v and_o consider_v it_o may_v come_v afterward_o for_o the_o common_a good_a to_o be_v embrace_v this_o which_o i_o speak_v in_o general_a have_v often_o be_v my_o fortune_n in_o very_a many_o particular_n not_o only_a when_o i_o have_v keep_v within_o the_o bound_n of_o mere_a speculation_n but_o also_o when_o i_o have_v chance_v to_o descend_v to_o practice_n and_o to_o operation_n and_o your_o highness_n know_v very_o well_o what_o befall_v i_o the_o last_o summer_n 1641._o when_o in_o obedience_n to_o your_o sovereign_a command_n i_o do_v in_o full_a college_n represent_v my_o thought_n touch_v the_o state_n of_o the_o lake_n of_o venice_n for_o there_o not_o be_v such_o want_v who_o without_o so_o much_o as_o vouchsafe_v to_o understand_v i_o but_o have_v only_o have_v a_o inkling_n and_o bad_a apprehension_n of_o my_o opinion_n fall_v furious_o upon_o i_o and_o by_o violent_a mean_n both_o with_o the_o pen_n and_o press_n full_a of_o gall_n do_v abuse_v i_o in_o reward_n of_o the_o readiness_n that_o i_o have_v express_v to_o obey_v and_o serve_v they_o but_o i_o be_v above_o measure_n encourage_v and_o please_v to_o see_v that_o those_o few_o who_o vouchsafe_v to_o hear_v i_o be_v all_o either_o thorough_o persuade_v that_o my_o opinion_n be_v well_o ground_v or_o at_o least_o suspend_v their_o prudent_a verdict_n to_o more_o mature_a deliberation_n and_o though_o at_o the_o first_o bout_n i_o chance_v to_o propose_v a_o thing_n that_o be_v total_o contrary_a to_o the_o most_o receive_v and_o antiquate_a opinion_n 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which_o i_o propound_v in_o the_o mouth_n pass_v touch_v the_o most_o important_a business_n of_o the_o lake_n though_o it_o do_v only_o express_o concern_v the_o point_n of_o the_o diversion_n of_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o lake_n already_o make_v and_o put_v in_o execution_n yet_o it_o may_v be_v understand_v and_o apply_v also_o to_o the_o diversion_n under_o debate_n to_o be_v make_v of_o the_o other_o five_o river_n and_o of_o the_o sile_z in_o particular_a now_o touch_v this_o i_o have_v the_o fortune_n to_o offer_v a_o admirable_a accident_n that_o we_o meet_v with_o when_o we_o come_v to_o the_o effect_n which_o i_o very_o believe_v will_v be_v a_o utter_a ruin_n to_o the_o lake_n of_o venice_n i_o say_v therefore_o that_o by_o divert_v these_o five_o river_n that_o remain_v although_o their_o water_n that_o they_o discharge_v for_o the_o present_a into_o the_o lake_n be_v not_o all_o take_v together_o 4_o 5_o part_n of_o what_o the_o brent_n alone_o do_v carry_v yet_o nevertheless_o the_o abatement_n of_o the_o water_n of_o the_o lake_n which_o shall_v ensue_v upon_o this_o last_o diversion_n of_o four_o part_n which_o be_v the_o whole_a water_n shall_v prove_v double_a to_o that_o which_o have_v happen_v by_o the_o diversion_n of_o brent_n only_o although_o that_o the_o brent_n alone_o carry_v five_o part_n of_o that_o water_n of_o which_o the_o river_n that_o be_v to_o be_v divert_v carry_v four_o a_o wonder_n real_o great_a and_o altogether_o unlikely_a for_o the_o reduce_v all_o this_o proposition_n to_o be_v understand_v be_v as_o if_o we_o shall_v say_v that_o there_o be_v give_v we_o three_o river_n of_o which_o the_o first_o discharge_v five_o part_n the_o second_o three_o and_o the_o three_o one_o and_o that_o from_o the_o diversion_n of_o the_o first_o there_o do_v follow_v such_o a_o certain_a abatement_n or_o fall_n from_o the_o take_n away_o of_o the_o second_o there_o ought_v to_o follow_v also_o so_o much_o more_o abatement_n and_o last_o from_o the_o withdraw_n of_o the_o three_o the_o water_n ought_v to_o fall_v so_o much_o more_o which_o be_v whole_o impossible_a and_o yet_o it_o be_v most_o certain_a and_o beside_o the_o demonstration_n that_o persuade_v i_o to_o it_o which_o i_o shall_v explain_v in_o due_a time_n i_o can_v set_v before_o your_o eye_n such_o a_o experiment_n as_o be_v not_o to_o be_v deny_v by_o any_o one_o although_o obstinate_a and_o i_o will_v make_v it_o plain_o see_v and_o feel_v that_o by_o take_v away_o only_o four_o part_n of_o the_o five_o which_o shall_v have_v be_v take_v away_o the_o abatement_n prove_v double_a to_o the_o abatement_n ensue_v upon_o the_o divert_v first_o of_o the_o five_o only_o which_o thing_n be_v true_a as_o most_o certain_o it_o be_v it_o will_v give_v we_o to_o understand_v how_o pernicious_a this_o diversion_n of_o five_o river_n be_v like_a to_o prove_v if_o it_o shall_v be_v put_v in_o execution_n by_o this_o little_a that_o i_o have_v hint_v and_o the_o much_o that_o i_o can_v say_v let_v your_o highness_n gather_v with_o what_o circumspection_n this_o business_n ought_v to_o be_v manage_v and_o with_o how_o great_a skill_n he_o ought_v to_o be_v furnish_v who_o will_v behave_v himself_o well_o in_o these_o difficult_a affair_n i_o have_v not_o at_o this_o time_n explain_v the_o demonstration_n nor_o have_v i_o so_o much_o as_o propound_v the_o way_n to_o make_v the_o experiment_n that_o i_o be_o able_a to_o make_v in_o confirmation_n of_o what_o i_o have_v say_v that_o so_o by_o some_o one_o or_o other_o mis-apprehending_a the_o demonstration_n and_o maim_v the_o experiment_n the_o truth_n may_v not_o happen_v to_o shine_v with_o less_o clarity_n than_o it_o do_v when_o all_o mist_n of_o difficulty_n be_v remove_v and_o if_o so_o be_v no_o account_n shall_v be_v make_v of_o the_o reason_n by_o i_o allege_v and_o that_o man_n shall_v shut_v their_o eye_n against_o the_o experiment_n that_o without_o cost_n or_o charge_n may_v be_v make_v i_o do_v declare_v and_o protest_v that_o there_o shall_v follow_v very_o great_a damage_n to_o the_o field_n of_o the_o main_a land_n and_o extraordinary_a sum_n shall_v be_v expend_v to_o no_o purpose_n the_o lake_n undoubted_o will_v become_v almost_o dry_a and_o will_v prove_v impassable_a for_o navigation_n with_o a_o manifest_a danger_n of_o corrupt_v the_o air_n and_o in_o the_o last_o place_n there_o will_v unavoidable_o ensue_v the_o choke_n and_o stoppage_n of_o the_o port_n of_o venice_n upon_o the_o 20_o of_o december_n 1641._o i_o impart_v this_o my_o second_o consideration_n to_o the_o most_o excellent_a signore_v basadonna_n present_v he_o with_o a_o copy_n thereof_o among_o other_o write_n which_o i_o have_v think_v good_a to_o insert_v although_o they_o seem_v not_o to_o belong_v direct_o to_o our_o business_n of_o the_o lake_n the_o way_n to_o examine_v the_o mud_n and_o sand_n that_o enter_v and_o remain_v in_o the_o lake_n of_o venice_n to_o the_o most_o excellent_a signore_n gio._n basadonna_n two_o very_o considerable_a objection_n have_v be_v make_v against_o my_o opinion_n concern_v the_o lake_n of_o venice_n one_o be_v that_o of_o which_o i_o have_v speak_v at_o large_a in_o my_o first_o consideration_n namely_o that_o the_o brent_n have_v be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o lake_n can_v have_v be_v the_o occasion_n of_o the_o notable_a fall_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o lake_n as_o i_o pretend_v and_o consequent_o that_o the_o turn_a brent_n into_o the_o lake_n will_v be_v no_o considerable_a remedy_n in_o regard_n that_o the_o water_n of_o brent_n and_o the_o great_a expansion_n of_o the_o lake_n over_o which_o the_o water_n of_o brent_n be_v to_o diffuse_v and_o spread_v be_v consider_v it_o be_v find_v that_o the_o rise_n prove_v insensible_a the_o second_o objection_n be_v that_o the_o
brent_n be_v very_o muddy_a and_o therefore_o if_o it_o shall_v fall_v muddy_a into_o the_o lake_n the_o sand_n will_v sink_v and_o fill_v up_o the_o same_o touch_v the_o first_o query_n enough_o have_v be_v say_v in_o my_o first_o consideration_n where_o i_o have_v plain_o discover_v the_o deceit_n of_o the_o argument_n and_o show_v its_o fallacy_n it_o remain_v now_o to_o examine_v the_o second_o to_o which_o in_o the_o first_o place_n i_o say_v that_o one_o of_o the_o first_o thing_n that_o i_o propose_v in_o this_o affair_n be_v that_o i_o hold_v it_o impossible_a to_o do_v any_o act_n though_o never_o so_o beneficial_a that_o be_v not_o also_o accompany_v by_o some_o inconvenience_n and_o mischief_n and_o therefore_o we_o be_v to_o consider_v well_o the_o profit_n and_o the_o loss_n and_o prejudice_n and_o they_o both_o be_v weigh_v we_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o choose_v the_o lesser_a evil_a second_o i_o admit_v it_o to_o be_v most_o true_a that_o brent_n be_v at_o some_o time_n 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the_o river_n call_v fiume_n morto_fw-la whether_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v let_v into_o the_o sea_n or_o into_o serchio_n i_o say_v that_o i_o chance_v 18._o year_n since_o to_o be_v present_a when_o the_o say_a mouth_n be_v open_v into_o the_o sea_n and_o that_o of_o serchio_n stop_v which_o work_n be_v do_v to_o remedy_v the_o great_a innundation_n that_o be_v make_v in_o all_o that_o country_n and_o plain_a of_o pisa_n that_o lie_v between_o the_o river_n arno_n and_o the_o mountain_n of_o s._n giuliano_n and_o the_o river_n serchio_n which_o plain_o continue_v long_o under_o water_n insomuch_o that_o not_o only_o in_o the_o winter_n but_o also_o for_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o summer_n those_o field_n be_v overflow_v and_o when_o that_o the_o mouth_n of_o fiume_n morto_fw-la be_v effectual_o open_v into_o the_o sea_n the_o place_n be_v present_o free_v from_o the_o water_n and_o drain_v to_o the_o great_a satisfaction_n of_o the_o owner_n of_o those_o ground_n and_o here_o i_o 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towards_o pisa_n which_o case_n will_v ever_o happen_v whensoever_o the_o pisan_a water_n chance_v to_o be_v low_a than_o the_o level_n of_o those_o of_o serchio_n for_o in_o that_o case_n the_o water_n of_o serchio_n return_v back_o upon_o the_o plain_n through_o fiume_n morto_fw-la in_o such_o sort_n that_o the_o muddiness_n and_o the_o serchio_n have_v be_v observe_v to_o be_v carry_v by_o this_o return_n as_o far_o as_o the_o wall_n of_o pisa_n and_o then_o before_o such_o time_n as_o so_o great_a water_n can_v be_v assuage_v which_o come_v in_o with_o great_a fury_n and_o go_v out_o by_o little_a and_o little_a there_o do_v pass_v very_o many_o day_n and_o month_n nay_o sometime_o one_o being_n never_o able_a to_o find_v the_o water_n of_o serchio_n when_o at_o the_o shallow_a so_o low_a as_o the_o sea_n in_o level_n which_o be_v the_o low_a place_n of_o the_o water_n it_o thence_o do_v follow_v that_o the_o water_n of_o fiume_n morto_fw-it shall_v never_o at_o any_o time_n of_o the_o year_n so_o long_o as_o they_o determine_v in_o serchio_n be_v so_o low_a as_o they_o come_v to_o be_v when_o the_o same_o fiume_n morto_fw-la determine_v in_o the_o sea_n it_o be_v true_a indeed_o that_o the_o mouth_n of_o fiume_n morto_fw-la open_v into_o the_o sea_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o inconvenience_n of_o be_v stop_v up_o by_o the_o force_n of_o wind_n but_o in_o this_o case_n it_o be_v necessary_a to_o take_v some_o pain_n in_o open_v it_o which_o may_v easy_o be_v do_v by_o cut_v that_o sand_n a_o little_a which_o stay_v in_o the_o mouth_n after_o that_o the_o wind_n be_v lay_v and_o it_o be_v enough_o if_o you_o make_v a_o trench_n little_o more_o than_o two_o palm_n in_o breadth_n for_o the_o water_n once_o beginning_n to_o run_v into_o it_o it_o will_v in_o a_o few_o hour_n carry_v that_o sand_n away_o with_o it_o and_o there_o will_v ensue_v a_o deep_a and_o broad_a trench_n that_o will_v drain_v away_o all_o the_o water_n of_o the_o plain_n in_o very_o little_a time_n and_o i_o have_v find_v by_o practice_n that_o there_o have_v be_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o sand_n drive_v back_o by_o the_o fury_n of_o the_o south-west-wind_n into_o the_o mouth_n of_o fiume_n morto_fw-la i_o have_v cause_v the_o little_a gutter_n to_o be_v make_v in_o the_o morning_n somewhat_o before_o noon_n a_o mouth_n have_v be_v open_v of_o 40._o brace_n wide_a and_o notable_o deep_a insomuch_o that_o the_o water_n which_o before_o have_v incommode_v all_o the_o champion_n run_v away_o in_o less_o than_o three_o day_n and_o leave_v the_o country_n free_a and_o dry_a to_o the_o admiration_n of_o all_o man_n there_o be_v present_a upon_o the_o place_n at_o this_o business_n on_o the_o same_o day_n that_o i_o open_v the_o mouth_n the_o most_o serene_a great_a duke_n the_o most_o serene_a arch-duchess_n mother_n all_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n with_o many_o other_o person_n and_o peasant_n of_o those_o part_n and_o they_o all_o see_v very_o well_o that_o it_o be_v 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very_a time_n but_o from_o the_o middle_n of_o october_n until_o this_o first_o of_o february_n there_o have_v continue_v high_a south_n and_o south-west-wind_n with_o frequent_a and_o abundant_a rain_n it_o be_v no_o wonder_n that_o some_o innundation_n have_v happen_v but_o yet_o i_o will_v affirm_v that_o great_a mischief_n will_v have_v follow_v if_o the_o mouth_n have_v be_v open_v into_o serchio_n this_o which_o i_o have_v hitherto_o say_v be_v very_o clear_a and_o intelligible_a to_o all_o such_o as_o have_v but_o competent_a insight_n and_o indifferent_a skill_n in_o these_o affair_n but_o that_o which_o i_o be_o now_o about_o to_o propose_v far_o will_n i_o be_o very_o certain_a be_v understand_v by_o yourself_o but_o it_o will_v seem_v
strange_a and_o unlikely_a to_o many_o other_o the_o point_n be_v that_o i_o say_v that_o by_o raise_v the_o level_n of_o fiume_n morto_fw-la one_o half_a brace_n only_o at_o its_o mouth_n it_o will_v penipenitrate_v into_o serchio_n far_a than_o it_o will_v into_o the_o sea_n it_o shall_v cause_v the_o water_n to_o rise_v three_o or_o perhaps_o more_o brace_n upon_o the_o field_n towards_o pisa_n and_o still_o more_o by_o degree_n as_o they_o shall_v recede_v far_o from_o the_o seaside_n and_o thus_o there_o will_v follow_v very_o great_a inundation_n and_o considerable_a mischief_n and_o to_o know_v that_o this_o be_v true_a you_o be_v to_o take_v notice_n of_o a_o accident_n which_o i_o give_v warning_n of_o in_o my_o discourse_n of_o the_o measure_n of_o run_v water_n where_o also_o i_o give_v the_o reason_n thereof_o 1._o coral_n 14._o the_o accident_n be_v this_o that_o there_o come_v a_o land-flood_n for_o example_n into_o arno_n which_o make_v it_o to_o rise_v above_o its_o 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height_n within_o pisa_n six_o or_o seven_o brace_n that_o this_o height_n of_o the_o same_o flood_n become_v still_o lesser_a the_o near_o we_o approach_v to_o the_o seacoast_n nor_o shall_v the_o say_a river_n be_v raise_v hardly_o half_a a_o brace_n whereupon_o it_o necessry_o follow_v that_o if_o i_o shall_v return_v to_o the_o seaside_n and_o not_o know_v any_o think_v of_o that_o which_o happen_v at_o pisa_n and_o see_v the_o river_n arno_n raise_v by_o a_o land-flood_n half_a a_o brace_n i_o may_v confident_o affirm_v the_o say_a river_n to_o be_v raise_v in_o pisa_n those_o six_o or_o seven_o brace_n etc._n etc._n from_o such_o like_a accident_n i_o conclude_v in_o the_o same_o letter_n that_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o make_v great_a account_n of_o every_o little_a rise_n that_o fiume_n morto_fw-it shall_v make_v towards_o the_o sea_n now_o come_v bartolotti_n and_o perhaps_o because_o i_o know_v not_o how_o to_o express_v myself_o better_a understand_v not_o my_o proposition_n and_o speak_v that_o which_o indeed_o be_v true_a but_o yet_o beside_o our_o case_n nor_o have_v i_o ever_o say_v the_o contrary_a and_o withal_o do_v not_o apply_v it_o to_o his_o purpose_n nay_o i_o say_v that_o if_o he_o have_v well_o apply_v it_o this_o alone_o have_v be_v able_a to_o have_v make_v he_o change_v his_o opinion_n and_o because_o he_o say_v that_o i_o say_v that_o it_o be_v true_a when_o the_o abatement_n proceed_v from_o some_o cause_n above_o as_o namely_o by_o rain_n or_o open_v of_o lake_n but_o when_o the_o cause_n be_v from_o below_o that_o be_v by_o some_o stop_n as_o for_o instance_n some_o fisher_n wear_v or_o lock_n or_o some_o impediment_n remote_a from_o the_o sea_n although_o at_o the_o level_n it_o shall_v rise_v some_o brace_n where_o the_o impediment_n be_v yet_o that_o rise_n shall_v go_v upward_o and_o here_o he_o finish_v his_o discourse_n and_o conclude_v not_o any_o thing_n more_o to_o which_o i_o say_v first_o that_o i_o have_v also_o say_v the_o same_o in_o the_o proposition_n namely_o that_o a_o flood_n come_v which_o make_v arno_n to_o rise_v in_o pisa_n six_o or_o seven_o brace_n which_o i_o take_v to_o be_v a_o superior_a cause_n whether_o it_o be_v rain_n or_o the_o open_n of_o lake_n as_o best_o please_v bartolotti_n in_o such_o a_o case_n i_o say_v and_o in_o no_o other_o for_o towards_o the_o seacoast_n it_o shall_v not_o cause_v a_o rise_n of_o full_a half_a a_o brace_n and_o therefore_o see_v arno_n at_o the_o seaside_n to_o be_v raise_v by_o a_o flood_n whether_o of_o rain_n or_o of_o open_v of_o lake_n half_a a_o brace_n it_o may_v be_v infer_v that_o at_o pisa_n it_o shall_v be_v raise_v those_o six_o or_o seven_o brace_n which_o variety_n well_o consider_v explain_v all_o this_o affair_n in_o favour_n of_o my_o opinion_n for_o the_o rise_n that_o be_v make_v by_o the_o impediment_n place_v below_o of_o fish_v wear_v and_o lock_n operate_v at_o the_o beginning_n raise_v the_o water_n that_o be_v near_o to_o the_o impediment_n and_o afterward_o less_o and_o less_o as_o we_o retire_v upward_o from_o the_o impediment_n provide_v yet_o that_o we_o speak_v not_o of_o a_o flood_n that_o come_v by_o accession_n but_o only_o of_o the_o ordinary_a water_n impede_v but_o there_o be_v a_o new_a accession_n as_o in_o our_o case_n than_o the_o water_n of_o the_o flood_n i_o say_v shall_v make_v a_o great_a rise_n in_o the_o part_n superior_a far_o from_o the_o impediment_n and_o these_o impediment_n shall_v come_v to_o be_v those_o that_o shall_v overflow_v the_o plain_n as_o happen_v eighteen_o or_o nineteen_o year_n ago_o before_o the_o open_n of_o fiume_n morto_fw-la into_o the_o sea_n the_o same_o will_v certain_o follow_v if_o fiume_n morto_fw-la be_v let_v into_o serchio_n here_o i_o can_v allege_v a_o very_a pretty_a case_n that_o befall_v i_o in_o la_fw-fr latium_n campagna_n di_fw-it roma_fw-it near_o to_o the_o seaside_n where_o i_o drain_v a_o bog_n or_o fen_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o water_n of_o pisa_n and_o i_o succeed_v in_o the_o enterprise_n the_o water_n in_o their_o site_n towards_o the_o sea_n abate_v only_o three_o palm_n and_o yet_o in_o the_o fen_n they_o fall_v more_o than_o fifteen_o palm_n but_o the_o business_n will_v be_v long_o and_o not_o so_o easy_o to_o be_v declare_v and_o i_o be_o certain_a that_o sig._n bartolotti_n have_v consider_v this_o will_v alter_v his_o judgement_n and_o withal_o will_v know_v that_o remit_v that_o impediment_n anew_o which_o i_o have_v leave_v for_o less_o than_o three_o â—almes_n towards_o the_o sea_n the_o water_n in_o the_o fen_n will_v return_v with_o the_o first_o flood_n and_o rain_n to_o the_o same_o height_n as_o before_o as_o likewise_o fiume_n morto_fw-la will_n do_v if_o it_o shall_v be_v let_v again_o into_o serchio_n here_o i_o entreat_v your_o honour_n to_o do_v i_o the_o favour_n to_o importune_v p._n francisco_n in_o my_o behalf_n that_o he_o will_v be_v please_v to_o deelare_v my_o meaning_n in_o the_o aforesaid_a letter_n to_o sig._n bartolotti_n for_o i_o hope_v that_o if_o he_o will_v understand_v this_o point_n he_o will_v be_v no_o long_o so_o tenacious_a in_o his_o opinion_n next_o that_o these_o lord_n in_o the_o commission_n of_o sewer_n with_o the_o right_n honourable_a the_o marquesse_n of_o s._n angelo_n and_o your_o honour_n do_v approve_v of_o my_o judgement_n do_v very_o much_o rejoice_v i_o but_o because_o that_o i_o know_v that_o they_o do_v it_o not_o in_o design_n to_o compliment_v i_o but_o only_o to_o serve_v his_o highness_n our_o grand_a duke_n i_o free_o profess_v that_o i_o will_v pretend_v no_o far_o obligation_n from_o they_o therein_o than_o i_o account_v myself_o to_o owe_v to_o those_o who_o opinion_n be_v contrary_a to_o i_o for_o that_o i_o know_v that_o they_o have_v the_o same_o end_n the_o definitive_a sentence_n of_o this_o whole_a business_n be_v that_o they_o give_v these_o plain_n these_o drain_v and_o these_o water_n far_o fetch_v appellation_n 11._o as_o to_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o water_n that_o fiume_n morto_fw-la discharge_v into_o the_o sea_n there_o be_v very_o great_a dispute_n about_o it_o and_o i_o have_v be_v present_a at_o some_o of_o they_o but_o let_v your_o honour_n believe_v i_o that_o as_o this_o be_v not_o continual_a but_o only_o during_o a_o few_o day_n so_o it_o will_v never_o be_v of_o any_o great_a prejudice_n to_o these_o field_n and_o if_o your_o lordship_n will_v be_v ascertain_v thereof_o you_o may_v please_v to_o go_v to_o fiume_n morto_fw-la at_o about_o a_o mile_n distance_n from_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o time_n of_o these_o strong_a wind_n and_o observe_v the_o current_n from_o thence_o upward_o for_o you_o shall_v find_v it_o extreme_a slow_a and_o consequent_o will_v know_v that_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o water_n that_o be_v repulse_v be_v very_o small_a and_o this_o seem_v to_o be_v contradict_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o rise_n proceed_v from_o cause_n below_o which_o occasion_n no_o considerable_a alteration_n far_o from_o the_o sea_n i_o be_o necessitate_v to_o go_v to_o morrow_n out_o of_o rome_n with_o his_o eminence_n cardinal_n gaetano_n about_o certain_a affair_n touch_v water_n therefore_o i_o shall_v not_o far_o enlarge_v but_o for_o a_o close_a to_o this_o tedious_a discourse_n i_o conclude_v in_o few_o word_n that_o fiume_n morto_fw-la be_v by_o no_o mean_n to_o be_v let_v into_o serchio_n nor_o be_v there_o any_o mean_n intermediate_v course_n to_o be_v take_v for_o they_o will_v always_o be_v prejudicial_a but_o fiume_n morto_fw-la be_v to_o be_v discharge_v immediate_o into_o the_o sea_n when_o it_o be_v stop_v up_o by_o the_o fury_n of_o the_o sea-wave_n i_o affirm_v that_o it_o be_v a_o sign_n that_o there_o be_v no_o need_n of_o open_v it_o and_o if_o there_o be_v any_o occasion_n to_o open_v it_o it_o be_v easy_o do_v as_o for_o the_o rest_n your_o lordship_n may_v please_v to_o keep_v account_n of_o all_o the_o particular_n that_o occur_v for_o the_o memory_n of_o thing_n past_a be_v our_o tutoress_n in_o those_o that_o be_v to_o come_v if_o occasion_n shall_v offer_v i_o entreat_v you_o to_o bow_v humble_o in_o my_o name_n to_o his_o highness_n the_o grand_a duke_n and_o the_o most_o serene_a prince_n leopold_n and_o to_o attend_v the_o service_n of_o their_o highness_n for_o you_o serve_v prince_n of_o extraordinary_a merit_n and_o to_o who_o i_o myself_o be_o also_o exceed_o oblige_v in_o the_o controversy_n that_o arise_v respect_v the_o pious_a end_n of_o speak_v the_o truth_n for_o then_o every_o thing_n will_v succeed_v happy_o i_o kiss_v the_o hand_n of_o padre_n francisco_n of_o sig._n bartolotti_n and_o of_o your_o lordship_n rome_n 14._o march_n 1642._o your_o honour_n most_o oblige_v
servant_n d._n benedetto_n castelli_n upon_o this_o occasion_n i_o will_v here_o insert_v a_o discourse_n that_o i_o make_v upon_o the_o draining_n and_o improvement_n of_o the_o pontine_n fen_n for_o that_o i_o think_v that_o whatsoever_o may_v be_v do_v well_o and_o to_o purpose_n in_o this_o matter_n have_v absolute_a dependence_n on_o the_o perfect_a knowledge_n of_o that_o so_o important_a proposition_n by_o i_o demonstrate_v and_o explain_v in_o my_o treatise_n of_o the_o mensuration_n of_o run_v water_n namely_o that_o the_o same_o water_n of_o a_o river_n do_v continual_o change_v measure_n according_a as_o it_o alter_v and_o change_v the_o velocity_n of_o its_o course_n so_o that_o the_o measure_n of_o the_o thickness_n of_o a_o river_n in_o one_o site_n to_o the_o measure_n of_o the_o same_o river_n in_o another_o site_n have_v the_o same_o proportion_n reciprocal_o that_o the_o velocity_n in_o this_o site_n have_v to_o the_o velocity_n in_o the_o first_o site_n and_o this_o be_v a_o truth_n so_o constant_a and_o unchangeable_a that_o it_o alter_v not_o in_o the_o least_o point_n on_o any_o occurrence_n of_o the_o water_n that_o change_n and_o be_v well_o understand_v it_o open_v the_o way_n to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o sundry_a advertisement_n in_o these_o matter_n which_o be_v all_o resolve_v by_o this_o sole_a principle_n and_o from_o it_o be_v derive_v very_o considerable_a benefit_n and_o without_o these_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o do_v any_o thing_n with_o absolute_a perfection_n a_o consideration_n upon_o the_o draining_n of_o the_o pontine_n fen_n by_o d._n benedetto_n castelli_n abbot_n of_o s._n benedetto_n aloisio_n and_o professor_n of_o the_o mathematics_n to_o p._n vrban_n viii_o in_o the_o university_n of_o rome_n consideration_n iii_o among_o the_o erterprise_n by_o i_o esteem_v if_o not_o absolute_o impossible_a at_z least_o exceed_o difficult_a one_o be_v that_o famous_a one_o of_o draining_n the_o pontine_n fen_n and_o therefore_o i_o 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improvement_n may_v possible_o be_v bring_v into_o a_o good_a estate_n now_o i_o have_v resolve_v to_o set_v down_o my_o thought_n in_o writing_n and_o to_o honour_v this_o my_o paper_n with_o the_o noble_a name_n of_o your_o lordship_n to_o render_v it_o the_o more_o credible_a and_o conspicuous_a at_o the_o first_o view_n if_o it_o shall_v chance_v that_o the_o subject_a i_o treat_v of_o be_v not_o of_o such_o moment_n as_o that_o it_o do_v deserve_v to_o be_v value_v for_o any_o other_o reason_n pardon_v i_o sir_n if_o i_o have_v be_v too_o bold_a and_o continue_v i_o in_o the_o number_n of_o your_o servant_n the_o enterprise_n of_o draining_n a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o territory_n of_o the_o pontine_n fen_n have_v be_v undertake_v both_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o ancient_a roman_n and_o last_o of_o all_o in_o our_o day_n yea_o in_o the_o late_a time_n by_o sixtus_n v._o i_o do_v not_o doubt_v in_o the_o least_o but_o that_o it_o will_v be_v possible_a yet_o to_o reduce_v thing_n to_o a_o very_a good_a pass_n and_o if_o i_o be_v not_o mistake_v with_o a_o very_a small_a charge_n in_o comparison_n of_o the_o profit_n that_o will_v be_v receive_v from_o those_o rich_a ground_n this_o improvement_n be_v of_o great_a expense_n in_o the_o time_n of_o sixtus_n quintus_n but_o by_o reason_n the_o thing_n be_v not_o right_o understand_v there_o be_v make_v many_o drain_v a_o great_a part_n of_o which_o be_v unprofitable_a and_o vain_a and_o among_o so_o many_o operation_n there_o happen_v some_o to_o be_v make_v that_o succeed_v as_o be_v desire_v but_o not_o be_v understand_v they_o be_v hold_v in_o no_o account_n and_o thus_o the_o business_n be_v neglect_v the_o water_n be_v return_v into_o the_o same_o state_n as_o they_o be_v at_o first_o before_o the_o improvement_n here_o i_o have_v by_o familiar_a discourse_n with_o my_o friend_n explain_v this_o enterprise_n undertake_v by_o sixtus_n v._o and_o haply_o also_o by_o some_o more_o ancient_a with_o the_o example_n of_o the_o fable_n of_o orilo_n in_o ariosto_n this_o monster_n be_v make_v up_o with_o such_o enchantment_n that_o man_n fight_v with_o he_o always_o in_o vain_a for_o though_o in_o the_o combat_n he_o be_v cut_v in_o piece_n those_o divide_a member_n present_o reunite_v and_o return_v to_o the_o fight_n more_o fierce_a than_o ever_o but_o the_o paladine_n astolfo_n come_v to_o undertake_v he_o after_o a_o long_a dispute_n at_o the_o end_n he_o cut_v his_o head_n sheer_a off_o from_o the_o shoulder_n at_o one_o blow_n and_o nimble_o alight_v from_o his_o horse_n take_v the_o monstrous_a head_n and_o mount_v again_o as_o he_o ride_v away_o he_o fall_v to_o shave_v the_o pole_n of_o that_o monster_n and_o so_o he_o lose_v the_o lock_n of_o hair_n in_o which_o alone_o the_o enchantment_n lie_v and_o then_o the_o horrible_a head_n in_o a_o instant_n manifest_v sign_n of_o death_n and_o the_o trunk_n which_o run_v seek_v to_o reunite_v to_o it_o anew_o give_v the_o last_o gasp_n and_o in_o this_o manner_n the_o enchantment_n end_v the_o book_n of_o fate_n serve_v admirable_o to_o the_o paladine_n whereby_o he_o come_v to_o understand_v that_o charm_n for_o by_o shave_v his_o whole_a head_n the_o enchant_a hair_n come_v to_o be_v cut_v off_o among_o the_o rest_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n i_o say_v that_o it_o have_v sometime_o happen_v in_o draining_n those_o field_n for_o that_o among_o so_o many_o trial_n as_o have_v be_v make_v that_o also_o be_v light_n upon_o on_o which_o the_o improvement_n and_o remedy_n to_o the_o disorder_n do_v depend_v and_o to_o we_o my_o forenamed_a treatise_n shall_v serve_v for_o a_o rule_n which_o be_v well_o understand_v shall_v make_v we_o to_o know_v wherein_o consist_v and_o whereon_o depend_v this_o miscarriage_n and_o consequent_o it_o will_v be_v easy_a to_o apply_v thereunto_o a_o seasonable_a remedy_n another_o head_n to_o which_o these_o harm_n may_v be_v reduce_v but_o proceed_v from_o the_o same_o root_n which_o have_v a_o great_a part_n in_o this_o disorder_n be_v the_o impediment_n of_o those_o wear_v in_o the_o river_n which_o be_v make_v by_o heighten_v the_o bed_n of_o the_o same_o for_o place_v of_o fishing-net_n of_o which_o piscary_v i_o reckon_v above_o ten_o when_o i_o make_v a_o voyage_n through_o those_o water_n to_o sandolo_n and_o these_o fishing-wears_a be_v such_o impediment_n that_o some_o one_o of_o they_o make_v the_o water_n of_o the_o river_n in_o the_o upper_a part_n to_o rise_v half_o a_o palm_n and_o sometime_o a_o whole_a palm_n and_o more_o so_o that_o when_o they_o be_v all_o gather_v together_o these_o impediment_n amount_v to_o more_o than_o seven_o or_o possible_o than_o eight_o palm_n there_o concur_v for_o a_o three_o most_o potent_a cause_n of_o the_o water_n continue_v high_a in_o the_o evacuate_n or_o draining_n channel_n and_o consequent_o on_o the_o plain_n the_o great_a abundance_n of_o water_n that_o issue_v from_o fiume_n sisto_n the_o water_n of_o which_o do_v not_o keep_v within_o its_o bank_n when_o they_o be_v abundant_a but_o increase_a above_o its_o channel_n they_o unite_v with_o those_o of_o the_o evacuator_fw-la and_o disperse_v through_o the_o fen_n be_v raise_v with_o great_a prejudice_n and_o much_o great_a than_o be_v conceive_v according_a to_o what_o have_v be_v demonstrate_v in_o the_o second_o consideration_n upon_o the_o lake_n of_o venice_n nor_o be_v it_o to_o any_o purpose_n to_o say_v that_o if_o we_o shall_v measure_v all_o the_o water_n that_o disimbogue_v from_o fiume_n sisto_n and_o gather_v they_o into_o one_o sum_n we_o shall_v not_o find_v they_o to_o be_v such_o as_o that_o they_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o make_v the_o water_n of_o the_o fen_n to_o increase_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a expansion_n of_o they_o over_o which_o that_o body_n of_o water_n be_v to_o
and_o continue_v to_o divert_v 17_o 100_o the_o height_n of_o the_o river_n abate_v likewise_o 1_o 10_o and_o so_o proceed_v to_o divert_v 15_o 100_o and_o then_o 13_o 100_o and_o then_o 11_o 100_o and_o then_o 9_o 100_o and_o then_o 7_o 100_o and_o then_o 5_o 100_o and_o then_o 3_o 106_o always_o by_o each_o of_o these_o diversion_n the_o height_n of_o the_o run_v water_n diminish_v the_o ten_o part_n although_o that_o the_o diversion_n be_v so_o unequal_a reflect_v i_o say_v upon_o this_o infallible_a truth_n i_o have_v have_v a_o conceit_n that_o though_o the_o reno_n and_o other_o river_n be_v divert_v from_o the_o valley_n and_o there_o be_v only_o leave_v the_o channel_n of_o navigation_n which_o be_v only_o the_o 1_o 20_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a water_n that_o fall_v into_o the_o valley_n yet_o nevertheless_o the_o water_n in_o those_o same_o valley_n will_v retain_v a_o ten_o part_n of_o that_o height_n that_o become_v conjoin_v by_o the_o concourse_n of_o all_o the_o river_n and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v think_v that_o it_o be_v the_o best_a resolution_n to_o maintain_v the_o channel_n of_o navigation_n if_o it_o be_v possible_a continuate_a unto_o the_o po_n of_o ferrara_n and_o from_o thence_o to_o carry_v it_o into_o the_o po_n of_o volano_n for_o beside_o that_o it_o will_v be_v of_o very_o great_a ease_n in_o the_o navigation_n of_o bologna_n and_o ferrara_n the_o say_a water_n will_v render_v the_o po_n of_o volano_n navigable_a as_o far_o as_o to_o the_o very_a wall_n of_o ferrara_n and_o consequent_o the_o navigation_n will_v be_v continuate_a from_o bologna_n to_o the_o seaside_n but_o to_o manage_v this_o enterprise_n well_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o measure_v the_o quantity_n of_o the_o water_n that_o the_o river_n discharge_v into_o the_o valley_n and_o that_o which_o the_o channel_n of_o navigation_n carry_v in_o manner_n as_o i_o have_v demonstrate_v at_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o book_n for_o this_o once_o know_v we_o shall_v also_o come_v to_o know_v how_o profitable_a this_o diversion_n of_o the_o channel_n of_o navigation_n from_o the_o valley_n be_v like_a to_o prove_v which_o yet_o will_v still_o be_v unprofitable_a if_o so_o be_v that_o all_o the_o river_n that_o discharge_v their_o water_n into_o the_o valley_n shall_v not_o first_o be_v drain_v according_a to_o what_o have_v be_v above_o advertise_v abbot_n castelli_n in_o the_o present_a consideration_n refer_v himself_o to_o the_o relation_n of_o monsig_n corsini_n ground_v upon_o the_o observation_n and_o precept_n of_o the_o say_a abbot_n as_o be_v see_v in_o the_o present_a discourse_n i_o think_v it_o convenient_a for_o the_o complete_n of_o the_o work_n of_o our_o author_n upon_o these_o subject_n to_o insert_v it_o in_o this_o place_n a_o relation_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o territory_n of_o bologna_n and_o ferrara_n by_o the_o right_n honourable_a and_o illustrious_a monsignore_n corsini_n a_o native_a of_o tuscany_n superintendent_n of_o the_o general_n drain_v and_o precedent_n of_o romagna_n the_o rheno_n and_o other_o brook_n of_o romagna_n be_v by_o the_o advice_n of_o p._n agostino_n spernazzati_n the_o jesuit_n towards_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o the_o time_n of_o pope_n clement_n viii_o notwithstanding_o the_o opposition_n of_o the_o bolognesi_n and_o other_o concern_v therein_o divert_v from_o their_o channel_n for_o the_o more_o commodious_a cleanse_n of_o the_o po_n of_o ferrara_n and_o of_o its_o two_o branch_n of_o primaro_n and_o volano_n in_o order_n to_o the_o introduce_v the_o water_n of_o the_o main-po_n into_o they_o to_o the_o end_n that_o their_o wont_a torrent_n be_v restore_v they_o may_v carry_v the_o muddy-water_n thence_o into_o the_o sea_n and_o restore_v to_o the_o city_n the_o navigation_n which_o be_v last_o as_o be_v manifest_a by_o the_o brief_a of_o the_o say_a pope_n clement_n direct_v to_o the_o cardinal_n san_n clemence_n bear_v date_n the_o 22._o of_o august_n 1604._o the_o work_n of_o the_o say_v cleanse_v and_o introduce_v of_o the_o say_v po_n either_o as_o be_v such_o in_o itself_o or_o by_o the_o contention_n of_o the_o cardinal_n legate_n then_o in_o these_o part_n and_o the_o jarring_n that_o happen_v betwixt_o they_o prove_v so_o difficult_a that_o after_o the_o expense_n of_o vast_a sum_n in_o the_o space_n of_o 21._o year_n there_o have_v be_v nothing_o do_v save_o the_o render_n of_o it_o the_o more_o difficult_a to_o be_v effect_v interim_n the_o torrent_n with_o their_o water_n both_o muddy_a and_o clear_a have_v damage_v the_o ground_n lie_v on_o the_o right_a hand_n of_o the_o po_n of_o argenta_n and_o the_o rheno_n those_o on_o its_o bank_n of_o which_o i_o will_v speak_v in_o the_o first_o place_n as_o of_o that_o which_o be_v of_o great_a importance_n and_o from_o which_o the_o principal_a cause_n of_o the_o mischief_n that_o result_v from_o the_o rest_n do_v proceed_v this_o rheno_n have_v overflow_v the_o lordship_n tennency_n of_o sanmartina_n in_o circumference_n about_o fourteen_o mile_n give_v it_o before_o and_o part_n of_o that_o of_o cominale_n give_v it_o afterward_o as_o it_o be_v for_o a_o receptacle_n from_o whence_o have_v depose_v the_o matter_n of_o its_o muddiness_n it_o issue_v clear_a by_o the_o mouth_n of_o masi_fw-la and_o of_o lievaloro_n into_o the_o po_n of_o primaro_n and_o of_o volano_n do_v break_v down_o the_o encompass_v bank_n or_o dam_n towards_o s._n martino_n and_o that_o of_o its_o new_a channel_n on_o the_o right_a hand_n near_o to_o torre_n del_fw-it fondo_n by_o the_o breach_n on_o this_o side_n it_o stream_v out_o in_o great_a abundance_n from_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o cominale_n and_o in_o the_o part_n about_o raveda_n pioggio_n caprara_n ghiare_fw-it di_fw-it reno_n saint_n '_o agostino_n san_n prospero_n san_n vincenzo_n and_o other_o and_o make_v they_o to_o become_v incultivable_a it_o make_v also_o those_o place_n above_o but_o little_a fruitful_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o impediment_n that_o their_o drain_v receive_v find_v the_o conveyance_n call_v riolo_n and_o scorsuro_fw-la not_o only_o fill_v by_o la_fw-fr motta_n and_o la_fw-fr belletta_n but_o that_o they_o turn_v backward_o of_o themselves_o but_o by_o the_o mouth_n in_o the_o enclose_v bank_n or_o dam_n at_o borgo_n di_fw-mi s._n martino_n issue_v with_o violence_n it_o first_o give_v obstruction_n to_o the_o ancient_a navigation_n of_o la_fw-fr torre_n della_fw-it fossa_n and_o afterward_o to_o the_o modern_a of_o the_o mouth_n of_o masi_fw-la so_o that_o at_o present_a the_o commerce_n between_o bologna_n and_o ferrara_n be_v lose_v nor_o can_v it_o ever_o be_v in_o any_o durable_a way_n renew_v whilst_o that_o this_o exceed_v its_o due_a bound_n and_o what_o ever_o money_n shall_v be_v employ_v about_o the_o same_o shall_v be_v without_o any_o equivalent_a benefit_n and_o to_o the_o manifest_a and_o notable_a prejudice_n of_o the_o exchequer_n apostolic_a chamber_n thence_o pass_v into_o the_o valley_n of_o marzara_n it_o swell_v high_a not_o only_o by_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o water_n but_o by_o the_o raise_n of_o the_o bottom_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o matter_n sink_v thither_o after_o land-flood_n and_o dilate_v so_o that_o it_o cover_v all_o the_o meadow_n thereabouts_o nor_o do_v it_o receive_v with_o the_o wont_a facility_n the_o drain_v of_o the_o upper_a ground_n of_o which_o the_o next_o unto_o it_o lie_v under_o the_o water_n that_o return_v upward_o by_o the_o conveyance_n and_o the_o more_o remote_a not_o find_v a_o passage_n for_o rain-water_n that_o settle_v become_v either_o altogether_o unprofitable_a or_o little_a better_a from_o this_o valley_n by_o the_o trench_n or_o ditch_n of_o marzara_n or_o of_o la_fw-fr duca_n by_o la_fw-fr buova_n or_o mouth_n of_o castaldo_n de_fw-fr rossi_n and_o by_o the_o new_a passage_n it_o fall_v into_o the_o po_n of_o argenta_n which_o be_v to_o receive_v it_o clear_a that_o so_o it_o may_v sink_v far_o therein_o and_o receive_v it_o muddy_a because_o it_o have_v acquire_v a_o quick_a course_n there_o will_v arise_v a_o very_a contrary_a effect_n here_o therefore_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n keep_v high_a until_o it_o come_v to_o the_o sea_n hinder_v the_o valley_n of_o ravenna_n where_o the_o river_n senio_fw-la those_o of_o san_n bernardino_n where_fw-mi santerno_fw-la be_v turn_v those_o of_o buon_n '_o acquisto_fw-la and_o those_o of_o marmorto_n where_o the_o idice_n quaderna_n sellero_n fall_v in_o from_o swallow_v and_o take_v in_o their_o water_n by_o their_o usual_a in-lets_a yet_o many_o time_n as_o i_o myself_o have_v see_v in_o the_o visitation_n they_o drink_v they_o up_o plentiful_o whereupon_o be_v conjoin_v with_o the_o muddinesse_n of_o those_o river_n that_o fall_v into_o the_o same_o they_o swell_v and_o dilate_v and_o overflow_v some_o ground_n and_o deprive_v other_o of_o their_o drain_v in_o like_a manner_n
as_o have_v be_v say_v of_o that_o of_o marrara_n insomuch_o that_o from_o the_o point_n of_o s._n giorgio_n as_o far_o as_o s._n alberto_n all_o those_o that_o be_v between_o the_o valley_n and_o po_n be_v spoil_v of_o those_o that_o be_v between_o valley_n and_o valley_n many_o be_v in_o a_o very_a bad_a condition_n and_o those_o that_o be_v some_o considerable_a space_n above_o not_o a_o little_a damnify_v in_o fine_a by_o raise_v the_o bottom_n or_o sand_n of_o the_o valley_n and_o the_o bed_n of_o reno_n and_o the_o too_o great_a repletion_n of_o the_o po_n of_o primaro_n with_o water_n the_o valley_n of_o comacchio_n on_o which_o side_n the_o bank_n be_v very_o bad_a and_o island_n polesine_fw-la di_fw-it s_o grorgio_n be_v threaten_v with_o a_o danger_n that_o may_v in_o time_n if_o it_o be_v not_o remedy_v become_v irreparable_a and_o at_o present_a feel_v the_o incommodity_n of_o the_o water_n which_o penetrate_v through_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o earth_n do_v spring_v up_o in_o the_o same_o which_o they_o call_v purl_n which_o be_v all_o likely_a to_o redound_v to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o ferrara_n so_o noble_a a_o city_n of_o italy_n and_o so_o important_a to_o the_o ecclesiastic_a state_n which_o particular_n all_o appear_v to_o be_v attest_v under_o the_o hand_n of_o a_o notary_n in_o the_o visitation_n which_o i_o make_v upon_o the_o command_n of_o his_o holiness_n and_o be_v withal_o know_v to_o be_v true_a by_o the_o ferrara_n ferraresi_n themselves_o of_o who_o beside_o the_o request_n of_o the_o bolognesi_n the_o great_a part_n beg_v compassion_n with_o sundry_a memorial_n and_o remedy_n aswell_o for_o the_o mischief_n past_a as_o also_o for_o those_o in_o time_n to_o come_v from_o which_o i_o hold_v it_o a_o duty_n of_o conscience_n and_o of_o charity_n to_o deliver_v they_o pope_n clement_n judge_v that_o the_o sufficient_a mean_n to_o effect_v this_o be_v the_o say_a introduction_n of_o the_o main_a po_n into_o the_o channel_n of_o ferrara_n a_o resolution_n true_o heroical_a and_o of_o no_o less_o beauty_n than_o benefit_n to_o that_o city_n of_o which_o i_o speak_v not_o at_o present_a because_o i_o think_v that_o there_o be_v need_n of_o a_o ready_a and_o more_o accommodate_v remedy_n so_o that_o i_o see_v not_o how_o any_o other_o thing_n can_v be_v so_o much_o considerable_a as_o the_o removal_n of_o reno_n omit_v for_o this_o time_n to_o speak_v of_o hand_n enclose_v it_o from_o valley_n to_o valley_n until_o it_o come_v to_o the_o sea_n as_o the_o duke_n of_o ferrara_n do_v design_n forasmuch_o as_o all_o those_o ferraresi_n that_o have_v interest_n in_o the_o polesine_fw-la di_fw-it s_o giorgio_n and_o on_o the_o right_a hand_n of_o the_o po_n of_o argenta_n do_v not_o desire_v it_o and_o do_v but_o too_o open_o protest_v against_o it_o and_o because_o that_o before_o the_o channel_n be_v make_v as_o far_o as_o the_o sea_n many_o hundred_o of_o year_n will_v be_v spend_v and_o yet_o will_v not_o remedy_v the_o damage_n of_o those_o who_o now_o be_v aggrieve_v but_o will_v much_o increase_v they_o in_o regard_n the_o valley_n will_v continue_v submerge_v the_o drain_v stop_v and_o the_o other_o brook_v obstruct_v which_o will_v of_o necessity_n drown_v not_o a_o few_o land_n that_o lie_v between_o valley_n and_o valley_n and_o in_o fine_a in_o regard_n it_o have_v not_o from_o san_n martina_n to_o the_o sea_n for_o a_o space_n of_o fifty_o mile_n a_o great_a fall_n than_o 19_o 8_o 6_o feet_z it_o will_v want_v that_o force_n which_o they_o themselves_o who_o propound_v this_o project_n do_v require_v it_o to_o have_v that_o so_o it_o may_v not_o depose_v the_o matter_n of_o the_o muddiness_n when_o it_o be_v intend_v to_o be_v let_v into_o volana_n so_o that_o make_v the_o line_n of_o the_o bottom_n near_o to_o vigarano_n it_o will_v rise_v to_o those_o prodigious_a term_n that_o they_o do_v make_v big_a and_o they_o may_v thence_o expect_v those_o mischief_n for_o which_o they_o will_v not_o admit_v of_o introduce_v it_o into_o the_o say_a po_n of_o volana_n among_o the_o way_n therefore_o that_o i_o have_v think_v of_o for_o effect_v that_o same_o remotion_n and_o which_o i_o have_v cause_v to_o be_v view_v by_o skilful_a man_n that_o have_v take_v a_o level_a thereof_o with_o the_o assistance_n of_o the_o venerable_a father_n d._n benedetto_n castelli_n of_o casina_n a_o man_n of_o much_o fidelity_n and_o honesty_n and_o no_o less_o expert_a in_o such_o like_a affair_n touch_v water_n than_o perfect_a in_o the_o mathematic_a discipline_n two_o only_a the_o rest_n be_v either_o too_o tedious_a or_o too_o dangerous_a to_o the_o city_n have_v seem_v to_o i_o worthy_a and_o one_o of_o they_o also_o more_o than_o the_o other_o to_o offer_v to_o your_o lordship_n the_o one_o be_v to_o remit_v it_o into_o the_o channel_n of_o volana_n through_o which_o it_o go_v of_o its_o own_o accord_n to_o the_o sea_n the_o other_o be_v to_o turn_v it_o into_o main-po_n at_o stellata_fw-la for_o as_o at_o other_o time_n it_o have_v do_v it_o will_v carry_v it_o to_o the_o sea_n happy_o as_o to_o what_o concern_v the_o make_v choice_n of_o the_o first_o way_n that_o which_o seem_v to_o persuade_v we_o to_o it_o be_v that_o we_o therein_o do_v nothing_o that_o be_v new_a in_o that_o it_o be_v but_o restore_v to_o the_o place_n whence_o it_o be_v remove_v in_o the_o year_n 1522._o in_o the_o time_n of_o pope_n adrian_n by_o a_o agreement_n make_v in_o way_n of_o contract_n between_o alfonso_n duke_n of_o ferrara_n and_o the_o bolognesi_n and_o that_o it_o be_v divert_v for_o reason_n that_o be_v either_o out_o of_o date_n or_o else_o have_v be_v too_o long_a time_n defer_v in_o like_a manner_n the_o facility_n wherewith_o it_o may_v be_v effect_v let_v it_o run_v into_o the_o divide_a po_n whereby_o it_o will_v be_v turn_v to_o ferrara_n or_o else_o carry_v it_o by_o torre_n deal_v fondo_n to_o the_o mouth_n of_o masi_fw-la and_o from_o thence_o through_o the_o trench_n 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whereupon_o the_o sink_n of_o the_o mud_n and_o sand_n will_v most_o certain_o follow_v and_o so_o a_o immense_a heighten_v of_o the_o line_n of_o the_o bottom_n and_o consequent_o a_o necessity_n of_o raise_v the_o bank_n the_o impossibility_n of_o maintain_v they_o the_o danger_n of_o breach_n and_o decay_n thing_n very_o prejudicial_a to_o the_o islet_n of_o this_o city_n and_o of_o san_n giorgio_n the_o obstruction_n of_o the_o drain_v which_o from_o the_o tower_n of_o tienne_n downward_o fall_v into_o the_o say_a channel_n to_o wit_n those_o of_o the_o sluice_n of_o goro_n and_o the_o drain_v of_o the_o meadow_n of_o ferrara_n and_o moreover_o the_o damage_n that_o will_v arise_v unto_o the_o say_v islet_n of_o s._n
giorgio_n and_o the_o valley_n of_o comachio_n by_o the_o water_n that_o shall_v enter_v into_o the_o goro_n or_o dam_n of_o the_o mill_n of_o belriguardo_n through_o the_o trench_n of_o quadrea_n which_o can_v be_v stop_v because_o they_o belong_v to_o the_o duke_n of_o modena_n who_o have_v right_a of_o divert_v the_o water_n of_o that_o place_n at_o his_o pleasure_n to_o the_o work_n of_o turn_v mill_n the_o great_a part_n of_o which_o objection_n other_o pretend_v to_o prove_v frivolous_a by_o say_v that_o its_o run_v there_o till_o at_o the_o last_o it_o be_v turn_v another_o way_n be_v a_o sign_n that_o it_o have_v make_v such_o a_o elevation_n of_o the_o line_n of_o its_o bed_n as_o it_o require_v deny_v that_o it_o need_v so_o great_a a_o declivity_n as_o be_v mention_v above_o and_o that_o for_o the_o future_a it_o will_v rise_v no_o more_o that_o the_o say_v drain_v and_o ditch_n do_v empty_a into_o the_o same_o whilst_o po_n be_v there_o so_o that_o they_o must_v needs_o 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its_o depose_n of_o mud_n yet_o will_v i_o not_o be_v the_o author_n that_o shall_v make_v a_o trial_n of_o it_o with_o so_o much_o hazard_n for_o have_v to_o satisfy_v myself_o in_o some_o particular_n cause_v a_o level_n to_o be_v take_v of_o the_o river_n l'amone_v senio_fw-la and_o santerno_fw-la by_o bernardino_n aleotti_n we_o find_v that_o they_o have_v more_o declivity_n by_o much_o than_o artist_n require_v as_o also_o the_o reno_n have_v from_o la_fw-fr botta_n de_fw-fr ghislieri_n to_o the_o chapel_n of_o vigarano_n for_o in_o the_o space_n of_o four_o mile_n its_o bottom-line_n fall_v five_o foot_n and_o five_o inch_n so_o that_o i_o hold_v it_o great_a prudence_n to_o depend_v upon_o that_o example_n than_o to_o go_v contrary_a to_o a_o common_a opinion_n especial_o since_o that_o the_o effect_n cause_v by_o reno_n itself_o do_v confirm_v i_o in_o the_o same_o for_o when_o it_o be_v forsake_v by_o the_o po_n after_o a_o few_o year_n either_o because_o it_o have_v choke_v 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water_n and_o sand._n three_o i_o be_o much_o trouble_v in_o the_o uncertainty_n of_o the_o success_n of_o the_o affair_n at_o the_o great_a expense_n thereto_o require_v for_o in_o regard_n i_o do_v not_o approve_v of_o let_v it_o in_o near_o to_o the_o fortress_n for_o many_o respect_n and_o carry_v it_o by_o la_fw-fr torre_n del_fw-it fondo_n to_o the_o mouth_n de_fw-fr masi_fw-la it_o will_v take_v up_o eight_o mile_n of_o double_a bank_n a_o thing_n not_o easy_a to_o be_v procure_v by_o reason_n that_o the_o ground_n lie_v under_o water_n but_o from_o the_o mouth_n de_fw-fr masi_fw-la unto_o codigoro_n it_o will_v also_o be_v necessary_a to_o make_v new_a scowring_n of_o the_o channel_n to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o water_n approach_v by_z wearing_z and_o carry_v away_o the_o earth_n on_o both_o shore_n may_v make_v a_o bed_n sufficient_a for_o its_o body_n the_o depth_n make_v for_o panaro_n not_o serve_v the_o turn_n as_o i_o conceive_v and_o if_o it_o shall_v suffice_v when_o can_v the_o people_n of_o ferrara_n hope_v to_o be_v reimburse_v and_o satisfy_v for_o the_o charge_n thereof_o four_o it_o serve_v as_o a_o argument_n with_o i_o to_o see_v that_o the_o very_a individual_a person_n concern_v in_o the_o remotion_n or_o diversion_n of_o the_o say_a torrent_n namely_o the_o bolognesi_n do_v not_o incline_v unto_o it_o and_o that_o the_o whole_a city_n of_o ferrara_n even_o those_o very_a person_n who_o at_o present_a receive_v damage_n by_o it_o can_v endure_v to_o hear_v thereof_o the_o reason_n that_o induce_v these_o last_o name_v to_o be_v so_o averse_a thereto_o be_v either_o because_o that_o this_o undertake_n will_v render_v the_o introduction_n of_o the_o water_n of_o main-po_n more_o difficult_a or_o because_o they_o fear_v the_o danger_n thereof_o the_o other_o decline_v the_o project_n either_o for_o that_o they_o know_v that_o reno_n can_v long_o continue_v in_o that_o course_n or_o because_o they_o fear_v that_o it_o be_v too_o much_o expose_v to_o those_o man_n revengeful_a cutting_n of_o it_o who_o do_v not_o desire_v it_o shall_v and_o if_o a_o man_n have_v any_o other_o way_n he_o ought_v in_o my_o opinion_n to_o forbear_v that_o which_o to_o such_o as_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o its_o removal_n be_v less_o satisfactory_a and_o to_o such_o as_o oppose_v it_o more_o prejudicial_a to_o conclude_v i_o exceed_o honour_v the_o judgement_n of_o cardinal_n capponi_n who_o have_v to_o his_o natural_a ability_n and_o prudence_n add_v a_o particular_a study_n observation_n and_o experience_n of_o these_o water_n for_o the_o space_n of_o three_o year_n together_o do_v not_o think_v that_o reno_n can_v go_v by_o volana_n to_o which_o agree_v the_o opinion_n of_o cardinal_n s._n marcello_n legate_n of_o this_o city_n of_o who_o for_o his_o exquisite_a understanding_n we_o ought_v to_o make_v great_a account_n but_o if_o ever_o this_o shall_v be_v resolve_v on_o it_o will_v be_v material_o necessary_a to_o unite_v the_o 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to_o carry_v it_o into_o main-po_n at_o stellata_fw-la for_o the_o reason_n that_o cardinal_n capponi_n most_o ingenious_o enumerate_v in_o a_o short_a but_o wellgrounded_n tract_n of_o his_o not_o because_o that_o indeed_o it_o will_v not_o both_o by_o purl_n and_o by_o breach_n occasion_n some_o inconvenience_n especial_o in_o the_o beginning_n but_o because_o i_o hold_v this_o for_o the_o incomodity_n of_o it_o to_o be_v a_o far_o less_o evil_a than_o any_o of_o the_o rest_n and_o because_o that_o by_o this_o mean_n there_o be_v no_o occasion_n give_v to_o they_o of_o ferrara_n to_o explain_v that_o they_o be_v deprive_v of_o the_o hope_n of_o ever_o see_v the_o po_n again_o under_o the_o wall_n of_o their_o city_n to_o who_o where_o it_o may_v be_v do_v it_o be_v but_o reason_n that_o satisfaction_n shall_v be_v give_v it_o be_v certain_a that_o po_n be_v place_v by_o nature_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o this_o great_a valley_n make_v by_o the_o apennine_n hill_n and_o by_o the_o alps_o to_o carry_v as_o the_o master-drain_n to_o the_o sea_n that_o be_v the_o grand_a receptacle_n of_o all_o water_n those_o particular_a stream_n which_o descend_v from_o they_o that_o the_o reno_n by_o all_o geographer_n strabo_n pliny_n solima_n mella_n and_o other_o be_v enumerate_v among_o the_o river_n that_o fall_v into_o the_o say_v po._n that_o although_o po_n shall_v of_o itself_o change_v its_o course_n yet_o will_v reno_n go_v to_o look_v it_o out_o if_o the_o work_v erect_v by_o humane_a industry_n do_v not_o obstruct_v its_o passage_n so_o that_o it_o neither_o be_v nor_o aught_o to_o seem_v strange_a if_o one_o for_o the_o great_a common_n good_a shall_v turn_v it_o into_o the_o same_o now_o at_o stellata_fw-la it_o may_v go_v several_a way_n into_o po_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o level_v that_o be_v take_v by_o my_o order_n of_o all_o which_o i_o shall_v best_o like_v the_o turn_n of_o it_o to_o la_fw-fr botta_n do_v ghislieri_n carry_v it_o above_o bondeno_n to_o the_o church_n of_o gambarone_fw-la or_o a_o little_a high_o or_o low_o as_o shall_v be_v judge_v least_o prejudicial_a when_o it_o come_v to_o the_o execution_n and_o this_o for_o two_o principal_a reason_n the_o one_o because_o that_o then_o it_o will_v run_v along_o by_o the_o confine_n of_o the_o church_n patrimony_n without_o separate_a ferrara_n from_o the_o rest_n of_o it_o the_o other_o be_v because_o the_o line_n be_v short_a and_o consequent_o the_o fall_n great_a for_o that_o in_o a_o space_n of_o ten_o mile_n and_o one_o three_o it_o fall_v twenty_o six_o foot_n more_o by_o much_o than_o be_v require_v by_o artist_n and_o will_v go_v by_o place_n where_o it_o can_v do_v but_o little_a hurt_n notwithstanding_o that_o the_o person_n interress_v study_n to_o amplify_v it_o incredible_o on_o the_o contrary_a there_o be_v but_o only_o two_o objection_n that_o be_v worthy_a to_o be_v examine_v one_o that_o the_o drain_v and_o ditch_n of_o s._n bianca_n of_o the_o channel_n of_o 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more_o water_n than_o be_v take_v away_o nay_o sometime_o whereas_o they_o have_v muddy_a water_n they_o will_v have_v clear_a nor_o need_v they_o to_o fear_v any_o rise_n and_o furthermore_o by_o this_o mean_v a_o very_a great_a quantity_n of_o ground_n will_v be_v restore_v to_o culture_n for_o the_o effect_n of_o all_o which_o the_o sum_n of_o 50._o thousand_o crown_n will_v go_v very_o far_o and_o will_v serve_v the_o turn_n at_o present_a touch_v those_o brook_n carry_v they_o a_o little_a far_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n to_o fill_v up_o the_o great_a cavity_n of_o the_o valley_n that_o we_o may_v not_o enter_v upon_o a_o vast_a and_o hard_a work_n that_o will_v bring_v with_o it_o the_o difficulty_n of_o other_o operation_n and_o so_o will_v hinder_v the_o benefit_n which_o these_o people_n expect_v from_o the_o paternal_a charity_n of_o his_o holiness_n to_o the_o right_n honourable_a monsignore_n d._n ferrante_n cesarini_n my_o treatise_n of_o the_o mensuration_n of_o run_v water_n right_o honourable_a and_o most_o noble_a sir_n have_v not_o a_o great_a prerogative_n than_o its_o have_v be_v the_o production_n of_o the_o command_n of_o pope_n vrban_n viii_o when_o his_o holiness_n be_v please_v to_o enjoin_v i_o to_o go_v with_o monsignore_n corsini_n in_o the_o visitation_n that_o be_v impose_v upon_o he_o in_o the_o year_n 1625._o of_o the_o water_n of_o ferrara_n bologna_n romagna_n and_o romagnola_n for_o that_o on_o that_o occasion_n apply_v my_o whole_a study_n to_o my_o service_n and_o duty_n i_o publish_v in_o that_o treatise_n some_o particular_n till_o than_o not_o right_o understand_v and_o consider_v that_o i_o know_v by_o any_o one_o although_o they_o be_v in_o themselves_o most_o important_a and_o of_o extraordinary_a consequence_n yet_o i_o must_v render_v thanks_o to_o your_o lordship_n for_o the_o honour_n you_o have_v do_v to_o that_o my_o tract_n but_o wish_v withal_o that_o your_o esteem_n of_o it_o may_v not_o prejudice_v the_o universal_a esteem_n that_o the_o world_n have_v of_o your_o honour_n most_o refine_a judgement_n as_o to_o that_o point_n which_o i_o touch_v upon_o in_o the_o conclusion_n namely_o that_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o velocity_n of_o run_v water_n supply_v the_o consideration_n of_o the_o misprint_v length_n omit_v in_o the_o common_a way_n of_o measure_v run_v water_n your_o lordship_n have_v command_v i_o that_o in_o favour_n of_o practice_n and_o for_o the_o perfect_a discovery_n of_o the_o disorder_n that_o common_o happen_v now_o adays_o in_o the_o distribution_n of_o the_o water_n of_o fountain_n i_o shall_v demonstrate_v that_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o velocity_n serve_v for_o the_o find_n of_o the_o length_n i_o have_v think_v fit_a to_o satisfy_v your_o command_n by_o relate_v a_o fable_n which_o if_o i_o do_v not_o deceive_v myself_o will_v make_v out_o to_o we_o the_o truth_n thereof_o insomuch_o that_o the_o rest_n of_o my_o treatise_n shall_v thereby_o also_o become_v more_o manifest_a and_o intelligible_a even_o to_o those_o who_o find_v therein_o some_o kind_n of_o obscurity_n in_o the_o day_n of_o yore_o before_o that_o the_o admirable_a art_n of_o weave_v be_v in_o use_n there_o be_v find_v in_o persia_n a_o vast_a and_o unvaluable_a treasure_n which_o consist_v in_o a_o huge_a multitude_n of_o piece_n of_o ermesin_n or_o damask_n i_o know_v not_o whether_o which_o as_o i_o take_v it_o amount_v to_o near_o two_o thousand_o piece_n which_o be_v of_o such_o a_o nature_n that_o though_o their_o breadth_n and_o thickness_n be_v finite_a and_o determinate_a as_o they_o use_v to_o be_v at_o this_o day_n yet_o nevertheless_o their_o length_n be_v in_o a_o certain_a sense_n infinite_a for_o that_o those_o two_o thousand_o piece_n day_n and_o night_n without_o cease_v issue_v out_o with_o their_o end_n at_o such_o a_o rate_n that_o of_o each_o piece_n there_o issue_v 100_o ell_n a_o day_n from_o a_o deep_a and_o dark_a cave_n consecrate_v by_o the_o superstition_n of_o those_o people_n to_o the_o fabulous_a arachne_n in_o those_o innocent_a and_o early_a time_n i_o take_v it_o to_o have_v be_v in_o that_o so_o much_o applaud_v and_o desire_v golden_a age_n it_o be_v leave_v to_o the_o liberty_n of_o any_o one_o to_o cut_v off_o of_o those_o piece_n what_o quantity_n they_o please_v without_o any_o difficulty_n but_o that_o felicity_n decay_v and_o degenerate_v which_o be_v altogether_o ignorant_a of_o meum_fw-la and_o tuum_fw-la term_n certain_o most_o pernicious_a the_o original_a of_o all_o evil_n and_o cause_n of_o all_o discord_n there_o be_v by_o those_o people_n strong_a and_o vigilant_a guard_n place_v upon_o the_o cave_n who_o resolve_v to_o make_v merchandise_n of_o the_o stuff_v and_o in_o this_o manner_n they_o begin_v to_o set_v a_o price_n upon_o that_o inestimable_a treasure_n sell_v the_o propriety_n in_o those_o piece_n to_o divers_a merchant_n to_o some_o they_o sell_v a_o right_a in_o one_o to_o some_o in_o two_o and_o to_o some_o in_o more_o but_o that_o which_o be_v the_o worst_a of_o all_o there_o be_v find_v out_o by_o the_o insatiable_a avarice_n of_o these_o man_n crafty_a invention_n to_o deceive_v the_o merchant_n also_o who_o come_v to_o buy_v the_o aforesaid_a commodity_n and_o to_o make_v themselves_o master_n some_o of_o one_o some_o of_o two_o and_o some_o of_o more_o end_n of_o those_o piece_n of_o stuff_n and_o in_o particular_a there_o be_v certain_a ingenuous_a machine_n place_v in_o the_o more_o secret_a place_n of_o the_o cave_n with_o which_o at_o the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o guard_n they_o do_v retard_v the_o velocity_n of_o those_o stuff_n in_o their_o issue_v out_o of_o the_o cave_n insomuch_o that_o he_o who_o ought_v to_o have_v have_v 100_o ell_n of_o stuff_n in_o a_o day_n have_v not_o above_o 50_o and_o he_o who_o shall_v hauâ—_n have_v 400_o enjoy_v the_o benefit_n of_o 50._o only_a and_o so_o all_o the_o rest_n be_v defraud_v of_o their_o right_n the_o surplusage_n be_v sell_v appropriate_v and_o share_v at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o corrupt_a officer_n so_o that_o the_o business_n be_v without_o all_o order_n or_o justice_n insomuch_o that_o the_o goddess_n arachne_n be_v displease_v at_o those_o people_n deprive_v every_o one_o of_o their_o benefit_n and_o with_o a_o dreadful_a earthquake_n for_o ever_o close_v the_o mouth_n of_o the_o cave_n in_o punishment_n of_o so_o much_o impiety_n and_o malice_n nor_o do_v it_o avail_v they_o to_o excuse_v themselves_o by_o say_v that_o they_o allow_v the_o buyer_n the_o breadth_n and_o thickness_n bargain_v for_o and_o that_o of_o the_o length_n which_o be_v infinite_a there_o can_v no_o account_n be_v keep_v for_o the_o wise_a and_o prudent_a priest_n of_o the_o sacred_a grotto_n answer_v that_o the_o deceit_n lie_v in_o the_o length_n which_o they_o be_v defraud_v of_o
in_o that_o the_o velocity_n of_o the_o stuff_n be_v retard_v as_o it_o issue_v out_o of_o the_o cave_n and_o although_o the_o total_a length_n of_o the_o piece_n be_v infinite_a for_o that_o it_o never_o cease_v come_v forth_o and_o so_o be_v not_o to_o be_v compute_v yet_o nevertheless_o its_o length_n consider_v part_n by_o part_n as_o it_o come_v out_o of_o the_o cave_n and_o be_v bargain_v for_o continue_v still_o finite_a and_o may_v be_v one_o while_o great_a and_o another_o while_n lesser_a according_a as_o the_o piece_n be_v constitute_v in_o great_a or_o lesser_a velocity_n and_o he_o add_v withal_o that_o exact_a justice_n require_v that_o when_o they_o sell_v a_o piece_n of_o stuff_n and_o the_o propriety_n or_o dominion_n therein_o they_o ought_v not_o only_o to_o have_v ascertain_v the_o breadth_n and_o thickness_n of_o the_o piece_n but_o also_o to_o have_v determine_v the_o length_n determine_v its_o velocity_n the_o same_o disorder_n and_o confusion_n that_o be_v represent_v in_o the_o fable_n do_v come_v to_o pass_v in_o the_o history_n of_o the_o distribution_n of_o the_o water_n of_o conduit_n and_o fountain_n see_v that_o they_o be_v sell_v and_o buy_v have_v regard_n only_o to_o the_o two_o dimension_n i_o mean_v of_o breadth_n and_o height_n of_o the_o mouth_n that_o discharge_v the_o water_n and_o to_o remedy_v such_o a_o inconvenience_n it_o be_v necessary_a to_o determine_v the_o length_n in_o the_o velocity_n for_o never_o shall_v we_o be_v able_a to_o make_v a_o guess_n at_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o body_n of_o run_v water_n with_o the_o two_o dimension_n only_o of_o breadth_n and_o height_n without_o length_n and_o to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o whole_a business_n may_v be_v reduce_v to_o a_o most_o easy_a practice_n by_o which_o the_o water_n of_o aqueduct_n may_v be_v buy_v and_o sell_v just_o and_o with_o measure_n always_o exact_a and_o constant_a first_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o water_n ought_v diligent_o to_o be_v examine_v which_o the_o whole_a principal_n *_o pipe_n discharge_v in_o a_o time_n certain_a as_o for_o instance_n in_o a_o hour_n in_o half_a a_o hour_n or_o in_o a_o less_o interval_n of_o time_n for_o know_v which_o i_o have_v a_o most_o exact_a and_o easy_a rule_n and_o find_v that_o the_o whole_a principal_a pipe_n discharge_v v._n g._n a_o thousand_o tun_n of_o water_n in_o the_o space_n of_o one_o or_o more_o hour_n in_o sell_v of_o this_o water_n it_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v utter_v by_o the_o ordinary_a and_o false_a measure_n but_o the_o distribution_n be_v to_o be_v make_v with_o agreement_n to_o give_v and_o maintain_v to_o the_o buyer_n ten_o or_o twenty_o or_o a_o great_a number_n of_o tun_n as_o the_o bargain_n shall_v be_v make_v in_o the_o space_n of_o a_o hour_n or_o of_o some_o other_o set_v and_o determinate_a time_n and_o here_o i_o add_v that_o if_o i_o be_v to_o undertake_v to_o make_v such_o a_o adjustment_n i_o will_v make_v use_n of_o a_o way_n to_o divide_v and_o measure_v the_o time_n with_o such_o accurateness_n that_o the_o space_n of_o a_o hour_n shall_v be_v divide_v into_o four_o six_o or_o eight_o thousand_o part_n without_o the_o least_o error_n which_o rule_n be_v teach_v i_o by_o my_o master_n sign_n galileo_n galilaei_n chief_a philosopher_n to_o the_o most_o serene_a grand_a duke_n of_o tuscany_n and_o this_o way_n will_v serve_v easy_o and_o admirable_o to_o our_o purpose_n and_o occasion_n so_o that_o we_o shall_v thereby_o be_v able_a to_o know_v how_o many_o quart_n of_o water_n a_o aqueduct_v will_v discharge_v in_o a_o give_v time_n of_o hour_n month_n or_o year_n and_o in_o this_o manner_n we_o may_v constitute_v a_o cock_n that_o shall_v discharge_v a_o certain_a and_o determinate_a quantity_n of_o water_n in_o a_o time_n give_v and_o because_o daily_a experience_n show_v we_o that_o the_o spring_n of_o aqueduct_n do_v not_o maintain_v they_o always_o equal_o high_a and_o full_a of_o water_n but_o that_o sometime_o they_o increase_v and_o sometime_o decrease_v which_o accident_n may_v possible_o procure_v some_o difficulty_n in_o our_o distribution_n therefore_o to_o the_o end_n that_o all_o manner_n of_o scruple_n may_v be_v remove_v i_o conceive_v that_o it_o will_v be_v convenient_a to_o provide_v a_o cistern_n according_a to_o the_o occasion_n into_o which_o there_o may_v always_o fall_v one_o certain_a quantity_n of_o water_n which_o shall_v not_o be_v great_a than_o that_o which_o the_o principal_a pipe_n discharge_v in_o time_n of_o drought_n when_o the_o spring_n be_v bare_a of_o water_n that_o so_o in_o this_o cistern_n the_o water_n may_v always_o keep_v at_o one_o constant_a height_n then_o to_o the_o cistern_n so_o prepare_v we_o be_v to_o fasten_v the_o cock_n of_o particular_a person_n to_o who_o the_o water_n be_v sell_v by_o the_o reverend_a apostolic_a chamber_n according_a to_o what_o have_v be_v observe_v before_o and_o that_o quantity_n of_o water_n which_o remain_v over_o and_o above_o be_v to_o be_v discharge_v into_o another_o cistern_n in_o which_o the_o cock_n of_o the_o water_n for_o public_a service_n and_o of_o those_o which_o people_n buy_v upon_o particular_a occasion_n be_v to_o be_v place_v and_o when_o the_o business_n shall_v have_v be_v bring_v to_o this_o pass_n there_o will_v likewise_o a_o remedy_n be_v find_v to_o the_o so_o many_o disorder_n that_o continual_o happen_v of_o which_o for_o brevity_n sake_n i_o will_v instance_n in_o but_o four_o only_a which_o concern_v both_o public_a and_o private_a benefit_n as_o be_v in_o my_o judgement_n the_o most_o enormous_a and_o intolerable_a the_o first_o inconvenience_n be_v that_o in_o the_o common_a way_n of_o measure_v dispense_n and_o sell_v the_o water_n of_o aqueduct_n it_o be_v not_o understand_v neither_o by_o the_o buyer_n nor_o seller_n what_o the_o quantity_n true_o be_v that_o be_v buy_v and_o sell_v nor_o can_v i_o ever_o meet_v with_o any_o either_o engineer_n or_o architect_n or_o artist_n or_o other_o that_o be_v able_a to_o decipher_v to_o i_o what_o one_o or_o two_o or_o ten_o inch_n of_o water_n be_v but_o by_o our_o above_o declare_a rule_n for_o dispense_n the_o water_n of_o aqueduct_n we_o may_v very_o easy_o know_v the_o true_a quantity_n of_o water_n that_o be_v buy_v or_o sell_v as_o that_o it_o be_v so_o many_o tun_n a_o hour_n so_o many_o a_o day_n so_o many_o in_o a_o year_n etc._n etc._n the_o second_o disorder_n that_o happen_v at_o present_a in_o the_o distribution_n of_o aqueduct_n be_v that_o as_o the_o business_n be_v now_o govern_v it_o lie_v in_o the_o power_n of_o a_o sordid_a mason_n to_o take_v unjust_o from_o one_o and_o give_v undeserved_o to_o another_o more_o or_o less_o water_n than_o belong_v to_o they_o of_o right_a and_o i_o have_v see_v it_o do_v of_o my_o own_o experience_n but_o in_o our_o way_n of_o measure_v and_o distribute_v water_n there_o can_v no_o fraud_n be_v commit_v and_o put_v the_o case_n that_o they_o shall_v be_v commit_v it_o be_v a_o easy_a matter_n to_o know_v it_o and_o amend_v it_o by_o repair_v to_o the_o tribunal_n appoint_v three_o it_o happen_v very_o often_o and_o we_o have_v example_n thereof_o both_o ancient_a and_o modern_a that_o in_o dispense_n the_o water_n after_o the_o common_a and_o vulgar_a way_n there_o be_v sometime_o more_o water_n dispend_v than_o there_o be_v in_o the_o register_n in_o which_o there_o will_v be_v register_v as_o they_o say_v two_o hundred_o inch_n for_o example_n and_o there_o will_v be_v dispense_v two_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o inch_n or_o more_o which_o passage_n happen_v in_o the_o time_n of_o nerva_n the_o emperor_n as_o giulio_n frontano_n write_v in_o his_o 2._o book_n de_fw-fr aquaductibus_fw-la vrbis_fw-la romae_fw-la where_o he_o observe_v that_o they_o have_v in_o commentariis_fw-la 12755._o quinary_n of_o water_n and_o find_v that_o they_o dispense_v 14018._o quinary_n and_o the_o like_a error_n have_v continue_v and_o be_v in_o use_n also_o modern_o until_o our_o time_n but_o if_o our_o rule_n shall_v be_v observe_v we_o shall_v incur_v no_o such_o disorder_n nay_o there_o will_v always_o be_v give_v to_o every_o one_o his_o share_n according_a to_o the_o holy_a end_n of_o exact_a justice_n which_o that_o unicuique_fw-la quod_fw-la suum_fw-la est_fw-la as_o on_o the_o contrary_a it_o be_v manifest_a that_o his_o divine_a majesty_n hate_v and_o abominate_v pondus_fw-la &_o pondus_fw-la mensura_fw-la &_o mensura_fw-la as_o the_o holy_a ghost_n speak_v by_o the_o mouth_n of_o solomon_n in_o the_o proverb_n chap._n 20._o pondus_fw-la &_o pondus_fw-la mensura_fw-la &_o mensura_fw-la utrumque_fw-la abominabile_fw-la est_fw-la apud_fw-la deum_fw-la and_o therefore_o who_o be_v it_o that_o see_v not_o that_o the_o way_n of_o divide_v and_o measure_v of_o water_n common_o use_v be_v express_o
against_o the_o law_n of_o god_n since_o that_o thereby_o the_o same_o measure_n be_v make_v sometime_o great_a and_o sometime_o lesser_a a_o disorder_n so_o enormous_a and_o execrable_a that_o i_o shall_v take_v the_o boldness_n to_o say_v that_o for_o this_o sole_a respect_n it_o ought_v to_o be_v condemn_v and_o prohibit_v likewise_o by_o human_a law_n which_o shall_v enact_v that_o in_o this_o business_n there_o shall_v be_v employ_v either_o this_o our_o rule_n or_o some_o other_o that_o be_v more_o exquisite_a and_o practicable_a whereby_o the_o measure_n may_v keep_v one_o constant_a and_o determinate_a tenor_n as_o we_o make_v it_o and_o not_o as_o it_o be_v now_o to_o make_v pondus_fw-la &_o pondus_fw-la mensura_fw-la &_o mensura_fw-la and_o this_o be_v all_o that_o i_o have_v to_o offer_v to_o your_o most_o illustrious_a lordship_n in_o obedience_n to_o your_o command_n reserve_v to_o myself_o the_o give_v of_o a_o more_o exact_a account_n of_o this_o my_o invention_n when_o the_o occasion_n shall_v offer_v of_o reduce_v to_o practice_n so_o holy_a just_a and_o necessary_a a_o reformation_n of_o the_o measure_n of_o run_v water_n and_o of_o aqueduct_n in_o particular_a which_o rule_n may_v also_o be_v of_o great_a benefit_n in_o the_o division_n of_o the_o great_a water_n to_o overflow_n ground_n and_o for_o other_o use_n i_o humble_o bow_v your_o most_o devote_a and_o most_o oblige_a servant_n d._n benedetto_n castelli_n abb._n casin_n finis_fw-la a_o table_n of_o the_o most_o observable_a matter_n in_o this_o treatise_n of_o the_o mensuration_n of_o run_v water_n a_o abatement_n of_o a_o river_n in_o different_a and_o unequal_a diversion_n be_v always_o equal_a which_o be_v prove_v with_o 100_o syphon_n page_n 75_o arno_n river_n when_o it_o rise_v upon_o a_o land-flood_n near_o the_o sea_n one_o three_o of_o a_o brace_n it_o rise_v about_o pisa_n 6._o or_o 7._o brace_n 82_o b_o banks_n near_o to_o the_o sea_n low_o than_o far_o from_o thence_o corollary_n fourteen_o 16_o brent_n river_n divert_v from_o the_o lake_n of_o venice_n and_o its_o effect_n 64_o brent_n suppose_v insufficient_a to_o remedy_v the_o inconvenience_n of_o the_o lake_n and_o the_o falsity_n of_o that_o supposition_n 67_o brent_n and_o its_o benefit_n in_o the_o lake_n 70_o its_o deposition_n of_o sand_n in_o the_o lake_n how_o great_a it_o be_v 78_o 79_o bridge_n over_o river_n and_o how_o they_o be_v to_o be_v make_v appendix_n viii_o 20_o burana_n river_n its_o rise_n and_o fall_v in_o panaro_n 110_o c_o castelli_n apply_v himself_o to_o this_o study_n by_o order_n of_o urban_n viii_o 2_o channel_n of_o navigation_n in_o the_o valley_n of_o bologna_n and_o its_o inconvenience_n 99_o carry_v into_o the_o po_n of_o ferrara_n and_o its_o benefit_n ibid._n ciampoli_n a_o lover_n of_o these_o observation_n of_o water_n 3_o d_o difficulty_n of_o this_o business_n of_o measure_v water_n 2_o disorder_n that_o happen_v in_o the_o distribution_n of_o the_o water_n of_o aqueduct_n and_o their_o remedy_n 113_o distribution_n of_o the_o water_n of_o fountain_n and_o aqueduct_n appendix_n x._o 22_o distribution_n of_o water_n to_o overflow_n ground_n appendix_n xi_o 23_o 69_o 70_o diversion_n of_o reno_n and_o other_o brook_n of_o romagna_n advise_v by_o p._n spernazzati_n to_o what_o end_n it_o be_v 100_o drain_v and_o ditch_n the_o benefit_n they_o receive_v by_o cut_v away_o the_o weed_n and_o reed_n appendix_n ix_o 21_o drain_v and_o sewer_n obstruct_v in_o the_o diversion_n of_o reno_n into_o main_a po_n and_o a_o remedy_n for_o the_o same_o 110_o e_z engineer_n unversed_a in_o the_o matter_n of_o water_n 2_o erour_n find_v in_o the_o common_a way_n of_o measure_v run_v water_n 68_o 69_o error_n inderive_v the_o water_n of_o acqua_fw-la paola_n appendix_n ii_o 17_o 18_o error_n of_o bartolotti_n 86_o 87_o error_n of_o engineer_n in_o the_o derivation_n of_o chenel_n corollary_n xii_o 12_o error_n of_o engineer_n in_o measure_v of_o reno_n in_o po._n appendix_n iii_o ibid._n error_n of_o other_o engineer_n contrary_a to_o the_o precedent_n appendix_n iu._n ibid._n error_n of_o giovanni_n fontana_n in_o measure_v water_n corollary_n xi_o 9_o error_n of_o giulio_n frontino_n in_o measure_v the_o water_n of_o aqueduct_n appendix_n i._o 17_o error_n commit_v in_o cut_v the_o bank_n at_o bondeno_n in_o the_o swell_n of_o po_n corollary_n xiii_o 81_o f_o fen_n pontine_n drain_v by_o pope_n sixtus_n quintus_fw-la with_o vast_a expense_n 92_o the_o ruin_n and_o miscarriage_n thereof_o 93_o tardity_n of_o the_o principal_a channel_n that_o drain_v they_o cause_n of_o the_o drown_v ibid._n they_o be_v obstruct_v by_o the_o fishing-wears_a which_o swell_v the_o river_n 94_o water_n of_o fiume_n sisto_n which_o flow_v in_o great_a abundance_n into_o the_o evacuator_fw-la of_o the_o say_a fen_n 94_o 95_o remedy_n to_o the_o disorder_n of_o those_o fen_n 95_o 96_o fontana_n giovanni_n his_o error_n in_o measure_v water_n corollary_n xi_o 9_o fiume_n morto_fw-la whether_o it_o ought_v to_o fall_v into_o the_o sea_n or_o into_o serchio_n 79_o let_v into_o serchio_n and_o its_o inconvenience_n 79_o 80_o the_o dangerous_a rise_n of_o its_o water_n when_o to_o be_v expect_v 81_o its_o inconvenience_n when_o it_o be_v high_a in_o level_a than_o serchio_n and_o why_o it_o rise_v most_o on_o the_o seacoast_n at_o such_o time_n at_o the_o wind_n make_v the_o sea_n to_o swell_v 83_o g_o galileo_n galilaei_n honourable_o mention_v page_z 2_o 28_o his_o rule_n for_o measure_v the_o time_n 49_o h_n height_n vide_fw-la quick_a height_n different_a make_v by_o the_o same_o stream_n of_o a_o brook_n or_o torrent_n according_a to_o the_o divers_a velocity_n in_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o river_n corollary_n i._n 6_o height_n different_a make_v by_o the_o torrent_n in_o the_o river_n according_a to_o the_o different_a height_n of_o the_o river_n corollary_n ii_o ibid._n k_o knowledge_n of_o motion_n how_o much_o it_o import_v 1_o l_o lake_n of_o perugia_n and_o he_o observation_n make_v on_o it_o appendix_n xii_o 42_o lake_n of_o thrasimenus_n and_o consideration_n upon_o it_o a_o letter_n write_v to_o sig._n galileo_n galilaei_n 28_o lake_n of_o venice_n and_o consideration_n upon_o it_o 63_o 73_o low_a water_n which_o let_v the_o bottom_n of_o it_o be_v discover_v 64_o the_o stoppage_n and_o choke_n of_o the_o port_n a_o main_a cause_n of_o the_o disorder_n of_o the_o lake_n and_o the_o grand_a remedy_n to_o those_o disorder_n what_o it_o be_v 66_o lake_n and_o meers_n along_o the_o sea-ccosts_a and_o the_o cause_n thereof_o 65_o length_n of_o water_n how_o it_o be_v to_o be_v measure_v 70_o m_o measure_n and_o distribution_n of_o water_n appendix_n v._n 18_o measure_n of_o river_n that_o fall_v into_o other_o difficult_a coral_n x._o 9_o measure_n of_o the_o run_v water_n of_o a_o channel_n of_o a_o height_n know_v by_o a_o regulator_n of_o a_o measure_n give_v in_o a_o time_n assign_v proposition_n i._o problem_n i_o 50_o measure_n of_o the_o water_n of_o any_o river_n of_o any_o greatness_n in_o a_o time_n give_v proposition_n v._o problem_n iii_o 60_o measure_n that_o show_v how_o much_o water_n a_o river_n discharge_v in_o a_o time_n give_v 48_o mole-hole_n motion_n the_o principal_a subject_n of_o philosophy_n 1_o mud._n vide_fw-la sand._n n_o navigation_n from_o bologna_n to_o ferrara_n be_v become_v impossible_a till_o such_o time_n as_o reno_n be_v divert_v 101_o navigation_n in_o the_o lake_n of_o venice_n endanger_v and_o how_o restore_v 65_o 70_o p_o perpendicularity_n of_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n to_o the_o upper_a superficies_n of_o it_o 37_o perpendicularity_n of_o the_o bank_n to_o the_o bottom_n 37_o perugia_n vide_fw-la lake_n pontine_n vide_fw-la fen_n port_n of_o venice_n malamocco_n bondolo_n and_o chiozza_n choke_v up_o for_o wâ—nt_n of_o water_n in_o the_o lake_n 65_o proportion_n of_o unequal_a section_n of_o equal_a velocity_n and_o of_o equal_a section_n of_o unequal_a velocity_n axiom_n iu._n and_o v._o 38_o proportion_n of_o equal_a and_o unequal_a quantity_n of_o water_n which_o pass_v by_o the_o section_n of_o different_a river_n proposition_n ii_o 39_o proportion_n of_o unequal_a section_n that_o in_o equal_a time_n discharge_v equal_a quantity_n of_o water_n proposition_n iii_o 41_o proportion_n wherewith_o one_o river_n fall_v into_o another_o vary_v in_o height_n proposition_n iu_o 44_o proportion_n of_o the_o water_n discharge_v by_o a_o river_n in_o the_o time_n of_o flood_n to_o the_o water_n discharge_v in_o a_o equal_a time_n by_o the_o say_a river_n before_o or_o after_o the_o flood_n proposition_n v._n 44_o proportion_n of_o the_o height_n make_v by_o two_o equal_a brook_n or_o stream_n fall_v into_o the_o same_o river_n proposition_n vi_o 45_o proportion_n of_o the_o water_n which_o a_o river_n discharge_v increase_a in_o quick-height_n
by_o the_o addition_n of_o new_a water_n to_o that_o which_o it_o discharge_v after_o the_o increase_n be_v make_v proposition_n iu._n theor._n ii_o 54_o proportion_n of_o a_o river_n when_o highâ—â—_n to_o itself_o when_o low_o coral_n i._o 55_o q_o quantity_n of_o run_v water_n be_v never_o certain_a if_o with_o the_o vulgar_a way_n of_o measure_v they_o their_o velocity_n be_v not_o consider_v 32_o quantity_n of_o water_n which_o be_v discharge_v by_o a_o river_n answer_v in_o equality_n to_o the_o velocity_n and_o time_n in_o which_o they_o be_v discharge_v axiom_n i_o two_o iii_o 38_o quick-height_n of_o a_o river_n what_o it_o be_v definition_n v._n 48_o r_o reason_n of_o the_o proverb_n take_v heed_n of_o the_o still_a water_n coral_n vi_o 7_o reason_n of_o monsignore_n corsini_n against_o the_o diversion_n of_o reno_n into_o the_o po_n of_o volano_n 105_o reason_n of_o cardinal_n capponi_n and_o monsig_n corsini_n for_o the_o turn_n of_o reno_n into_o main_n po._n 106_o two_o objection_n on_o the_o contrary_a and_o answer_n to_o they_o 104_o &_o 105_o what_o ought_v to_o be_v the_o proportion_n of_o the_o height_n of_o reno_n in_o reno_n and_o of_o reno_n in_o po._n 110_o regulator_n what_o it_o be_v definition_n iu_o 48_o relation_n of_o the_o water_n of_o bologna_n and_o ferrara_n by_o monsignore_n corsini_n 100_o reno_n in_o the_o valley_n and_o its_o bad_a effect_n 100_o 101_o two_o way_n to_o divert_v it_o 103_o the_o facility_n and_o utility_n of_o those_o way_n ibid._n the_o difficulty_n object_v 104_o reply_n to_o bartolotti_n touch_v the_o danger_n of_o turn_a eiume_n morto_n into_o serchio_n 83_o retardment_n of_o the_o course_n of_o a_o river_n cause_v by_o its_o bank_n appendix_n vii_o 19_o rise_n make_v by_o floodgate_n but_o small_a appendix_n xiii_o 26_o river_n that_o be_v shallow_a swell_v much_o upon_o small_a shower_n such_o as_o be_v deep_o rise_v but_o little_a upon_o great_a flood_n corollary_n iii_o 6_o river_n the_o high_o they_o be_v the_o swift_a ibid._n rivers_z the_o high_o they_o be_v the_o less_o they_o increase_v upon_o flood_n 49_o river_n when_o they_o be_v to_o have_v equal_a and_o when_o like_a velocity_n ibid._n river_n in_o fall_v into_o the_o sea_n form_n a_o shelf_n of_o sand_n call_v cavallo_n 65_o five_o river_n to_o be_v divert_v from_o the_o lake_n of_o venice_n and_o the_o inconvenience_n that_o will_v ensue_v thereupon_o 74_o 75_o a_o river_n of_o quick-height_n and_o velocity_n in_o its_o regulator_n be_v give_v if_o the_o height_n be_v redouble_v by_o new_a water_n it_o redouble_v also_o in_o velocity_n proposition_n ii_o theorem_fw-la i_o 51_o keep_v the_o proportion_n of_o the_o height_n to_o the_o velocity_n corollary_n 52_o saint_n sand_n and_o mud_n that_o enter_v into_o the_o lake_n of_o venice_n and_o the_o way_n to_o examine_v it_o 76_o sea_n agitate_a and_o drive_v by_o the_o wind_n stop_v up_o the_o port_n 64_o 65_o section_n of_o a_o river_n what_o they_o be_v definition_n i._n 37_o section_n equal_o swift_a what_o they_o be_v definition_n ii_o ibid._n section_n of_o a_o river_n be_v give_v to_o conceive_v other_o equal_v to_o they_o of_o different_a breadth_n height_n and_o velocity_n petition_n 38_o section_n of_o the_o same_o river_n and_o their_o proportion_n to_o their_o velocity_n coral_n i._o 42_o section_n of_o a_o river_n discharge_v in_o any_o whatsoever_o place_n of_o the_o say_a river_n equal_a quantity_n of_o water_n in_o equal_a time_n proposition_n i._n 39_o sile_z river_n what_o mischief_n it_o threaten_v divert_v from_o the_o lake_n 74_o spirting_n of_o water_n grow_v big_a the_o high_o they_o go_v coral_n xvi_o 16_o stream_n of_o river_n how_o they_o increase_v and_o vary_v coral_n i._o 6_o stream_n retard_v and_o the_o effect_n thereof_o coral_n ix_o 8_o t_o table_n of_o the_o height_n addition_n and_o quantity_n of_o water_n and_o its_o use_n 56_o thrasimenus_n vide_fw-la lake_n time_n how_o it_o be_v measure_v in_o these_o operation_n of_o the_o water_n 49_o torrent_n increase_v at_o the_o increase_n of_o a_o river_n though_o they_o carry_v no_o more_o water_n than_o before_o coral_n iv._o 6_o torrent_n when_o they_o depose_v and_o carry_v away_o the_o sand._n coral_n v._o 7_o torrent_n and_o their_o effect_n in_o a_o river_n 6_o 7_o torrent_n that_o fall_v into_o the_o valley_n or_o into_o po_n of_o valano_n and_o their_o mischief_n prevent_v by_o the_o divert_v of_o reno_n into_o main_n po._n 100_o tiber_n and_o the_o cause_n of_o its_o inundation_n coral_n viii_o 8_o five_o valley_n of_o bologna_n and_o ferrara_n their_o inundation_n and_o disorder_n whence_o they_o proceed_v 97_o velocity_n of_o the_o water_n show_v by_o several_a example_n 3_o its_o proportion_n to_o the_o measure_n 5_o velocity_n equal_a what_o they_o be_v 47_o velocity_n like_a what_o they_o be_v 47_o 48_o velocity_n of_o water_n know_v how_o they_o help_v we_o in_o find_v the_o length_n 113_o a_o fable_n to_o explain_v the_o truth_n thereof_o ibid._n venice_n vide_fw-la lake_n use_v of_o the_o regulator_n in_o measure_v great_a river_n consideration_n i._n 60_o w_n water_n fall_v why_o they_o disgross_v coral_n xvi_o 16_o water_n how_o the_o length_n of_o they_o be_v measure_v 70_o water_n that_o be_v employ_v to_o flow_v ground_n how_o they_o be_v to_o be_v distribute_v 19_o 53_o 54_o water_n to_o be_v carry_v in_o pipe_n to_o serve_v aquaduct_n and_o conduit_n how_o they_o be_v to_o be_v measure_v 15_o 116_o way_n to_o know_v the_o rise_n of_o lake_n by_o raines_n 28_o way_n of_o the_o vulgar_a to_o measure_v the_o water_n of_o rivers_n 68_o wind_n gun_n and_o portable_a fountain_n of_o vincenzo_n vincenti_fw-la of_o urbino_n 11_o wind_n contrary_a retard_v and_o make_v river_n increase_v coral_n vii_o 8_o the_o end_n of_o the_o table_n of_o the_o second_o part_n of_o the_o first_o tome_n copernicus_n repute_v the_o earth_n a_o globe_n like_a to_o a_o planet_n celestial_a substance_n that_o be_v in_o alterable_a and_o elementary_a that_o be_v alterable_a be_v necessary_a in_o the_o opinion_n of_o aristotle_n aristotle_n make_v the_o world_n perfect_a because_o it_o have_v the_o threefold_a dimension_n aristotle_n demonstration_n to_o prove_v the_o dimension_n to_o be_v three_o and_o no_o more_o the_o number_n three_o celebrate_v among_o the_o pythagorian_n omne_fw-la totum_fw-la &_o perfectum_fw-la or_o solid_a plato_n hold_v that_o humane_a understanding_n partake_v of_o divinity_n because_o it_o understand_v number_n the_o mystery_n of_o pythagorick_a number_n fabulous_a de_fw-fr papyrio_fw-la pâ—aetextato_fw-la gellius_n 1._o 2._o 3._o a_o geometrical_a demonstration_n of_o the_o triple_a dimension_n in_o physical_a proof_n geometrical_a exactness_n be_v not_o necessary_a part_n of_o the_o world_n be_v two_o according_a to_o aristotle_n celestial_a and_o elementary_a contrary_n to_o one_o another_o local_a motion_n of_o three_o kind_n right_a circular_a &_o mix_v circular_a and_o straight_a motion_n be_v simple_a as_o proceed_v by_o simple_a line_n ad_fw-la medium_n à _fw-fr 〈◊〉_d &_o circa_fw-la medium_n the_o definition_n of_o nature_n either_o imperfect_a or_o unseasonable_a produce_v by_o aristotle_n the_o helix_fw-la about_o the_o cylinder_n may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v a_o simple_a line_n aristotle_n accommodate_v the_o rule_n of_o architecture_n to_o the_o frame_n of_o the_o world_n and_o not_o the_o frame_n to_o the_o rule_n right_o motion_n sometime_o simple_a and_o sometime_o mix_v according_a to_o arist._n the_o circular_a line_n perfect_a according_a to_o aristotle_n and_o but_o the_o right_n imperfect_a and_o why_o the_o world_n be_v suppose_v by_o the_o author_n to_o be_v perfect_o ordinate_a straight_o motion_n impossible_a in_o the_o world_n exact_o ordinate_a right_o motion_n nature_n infinite_a motion_n by_o a_o right_a line_n natural_o impossible_a nature_n attempt_v not_o thing_n impossible_a to_o be_v effect_v right_o motion_n may_v perhaps_o be_v in_o thâ—_n first_o chaos_n right_o motion_n be_v commodious_a to_o range_v in_o order_n thing_n out_o of_o order_n mundane_a body_n move_v in_o the_o begin_n in_o a_o right_a line_n and_o afterward_o circular_o according_a to_o plato_n plato_n thus_o do_v he_o covert_o and_o modest_o style_v himself_o throughout_o this_o work_n a_o movable_a be_v in_o a_o state_n of_o rest_n shall_v not_o move_v unless_o it_o have_v a_o inclination_n to_o some_o particular_a place_n the_o movable_a accelerate_v its_o motion_n go_v towards_o the_o place_n whither_o it_o have_v a_o inclination_n the_o movable_a pass_v from_o rest_n go_v through_o all_o the_o degree_n of_o tardity_n rest_v the_o infinite_a degree_n of_o tardity_n the_o movable_a do_v not_o accelerate_v save_v only_o as_o it_o approach_v near_a to_o we_o term_n nature_n to_o introduce_v in_o the_o movable_a a_o certain_a degree_n of_o velocity_n make_v it_o move_v in_o a_o right_a line_n vniform_a
fiorentini_n weariness_n more_o to_o be_v fear_v in_o the_o starry_a sphere_n than_o in_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n some_o in_o argue_v first_o fix_n in_o their_o mind_n the_o conclusion_n believe_v by_o they_o and_o then_o adapt_v their_o reason_n to_o that_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o water_n in_o ebb_v and_o flow_v not_o interrupt_v by_o rest_n rest_n pertiche_a venetiani_n venetiani_n pertiche_a venetiani_n venetiani_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d he_o take_v 〈◊〉_d firmament_n 〈◊〉_d the_o sâ—arry_a sphere_n and_o not_o as_o we_o vulgar_o receive_v the_o word_n the_o method_n observe_v by_o clar._n in_o confute_v the_o astronomer_n and_o by_o salviatus_n in_o confute_v he_o the_o great_a and_o least_o elevation_n of_o the_o new_a star_n differ_v not_o from_o each_o other_o more_o than_o the_o polar_n altitude_n the_o say_a star_n be_v in_o the_o firmnment_n firmnment_n 〈◊〉_d astronomical_a instrument_n be_v very_a subject_n to_o error_n error_n here_o the_o latin_a version_n be_v erroneous_a make_v it_o a_o forty_o part_n of_o etc._n etc._n etc._n traguardi_fw-it in_o have_v not_o be_v hitherto_o prove_v by_o any_o whether_o the_o world_n be_v finite_a or_o infinite_a the_o demonstration_n of_o aristotle_n to_o prove_v that_o the_o universe_n be_v finite_a be_v all_o nullify_v by_o deny_v it_o to_o be_v movable_a aristotle_n make_v that_o point_n to_o be_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o universe_n about_o which_o all_o the_o celestial_a sphere_n do_v revolve_v a_o question_n be_v put_v in_o case_n that_o if_o aristotle_n be_v force_v to_o receive_v one_o of_o two_o proposition_n that_o make_v against_o his_o doctrine_n which_o he_o will_v admit_v it_o be_v more_o rational_a that_o the_o orb_n contain_v and_o the_o part_n contain_v do_v move_v all_o about_o one_o centre_n than_o uâ—on_o divers_a if_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n be_v the_o 〈…〉_z that_o about_o which_o the_o planet_n move_v the_o sun_n and_o not_o the_o earth_n be_v place_v in_o it_o observation_n from_o whence_o 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big_a than_o the_o whole_a grand_a orb._n tycho_n his_o argument_n ground_v upon_o a_o false_a hypothesis_n
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of_o the_o earth_n motion_n impossible_a to_o be_v reduce_v to_o practice_n by_o art_n reason_n renew_v of_o the_o particnlar_a accident_n observe_v in_o the_o ebbing_n and_o flow_n second_o cause_n why_o in_o small_a sea_n and_o in_o lake_n there_o be_v no_o ebbing_n and_o flow_n the_o reason_n give_v why_o the_o ebbing_n and_o flow_n for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v every_o six_o hour_n the_o cause_n why_o some_o sea_n though_o very_o long_o suffer_v no_o ebb_a and_o flow_v ebb_n and_o flow_n why_o great_a in_o the_o extremity_n of_o gulf_n and_o least_o in_o the_o middle_a part_n why_o in_o narrow_a place_n the_o course_n of_o the_o water_n be_v more_o swift_a than_o in_o large_a a_o discussion_n of_o 〈…〉_z â—abstruce_a 〈…〉_z observe_n 〈…〉_z ebb_a and_o â—â—â—wing_v the_o cause_n why_o in_o some_o narrow_a channel_n we_o see_v the_o sea-water_n run_v always_o one_o way_n way_n or_o current_n the_o hypothesis_n of_o the_o earth_n mobility_n take_v in_o favour_n of_o the_o
christianus_n ita_fw-la noverit_fw-la ut_fw-la cirtissima_fw-la ratione_fw-la vel_fw-la experientiâ_fw-la teneat_fw-la turpe_fw-la autem_fw-la est_fw-la nimis_fw-la &_o perniciosum_fw-la ac_fw-la maxim_n cavendum_fw-la ut_fw-la christianum_fw-la de_fw-la his_fw-la rebus_fw-la quasi_fw-la secundum_fw-la christianas_n litteras_fw-la loquentem_fw-la ita_fw-la delirare_fw-la quilibet_fw-la infidelis_fw-la audiat_fw-la ut_fw-la quem_fw-la admodum_fw-la dicitur_fw-la toto_fw-la caelum_fw-la errare_fw-la conspiciens_fw-la risuntenere_fw-la vix_fw-la possit_fw-la &_o non_fw-la tam_fw-la molestum_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la errans_fw-la homo_fw-la derideretur_fw-la sed_fw-la quod_fw-la auctores_fw-la nostri_fw-la ab_fw-la this_fw-mi qui_fw-la foris_fw-la sunt_fw-la talia_fw-la sensisse_fw-la creduntur_fw-la &_o cum_fw-la magno_fw-la exitio_fw-la corim_n de_fw-fr quorum_fw-la salute_v satagimus_fw-la tanquam_fw-la indocti_fw-la reprehenduntur_fw-la atque_fw-la respuuntur_fw-la cum_fw-la enim_fw-la quemquam_fw-la de_fw-la numero_fw-la christianorum_fw-la eaiâ—re_fw-la quam_fw-la ipsi_fw-la optime_fw-la norunt_fw-la deprehenderint_fw-la &_o vanam_fw-la sententiam_fw-la svam_fw-la de_fw-la nostris_fw-la libris_fw-la asserent_fw-la quo_fw-la pacto_fw-la illis_fw-la libris_fw-la credituri_fw-la sunt_fw-la de_fw-fr resurrectione_n mortuorum_fw-la &_o de_fw-fr spe_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la eternae_fw-la regnoque_fw-la celorum_fw-la quando_fw-la de_fw-la his_fw-la rebus_fw-la quas_fw-la jam_fw-la experiri_fw-la vel_fw-la indubitatis_fw-la rationibus_fw-la percipere_fw-la potuerunt_fw-la fallaciter_fw-la putaverint_fw-la esse_fw-la conscriptos_fw-la conscriptos_fw-la quid_fw-la enim_fw-la molestiae_fw-la tristiaeque_fw-la ingerant_fw-la prudentibus_fw-la fratribus_fw-la tenerarâ—j_fw-la praesumpiores_fw-la satis_fw-la dici_fw-la non_fw-la potest_fw-la cum_fw-la si_fw-la quando_fw-la de_fw-fr falsa_fw-la &_o prava_fw-la opinion_n sua_fw-la reprehendi_fw-la &_o convinci_fw-la caeperint_fw-la ab_fw-la iis_fw-la qui_fw-la nostrorum_fw-la librorum_fw-la auctoritate_fw-la &_o apertissima_fw-la falsitate_fw-la dixerunt_fw-la eosdnm_fw-la libros_fw-la sanctos_fw-la unde_fw-la id_fw-la probent_fw-la proffer_v conantur_fw-la vel_fw-la etiam_fw-la memoriter_fw-la quae_fw-la ad_fw-la testimonium_fw-la uâ—lere_fw-la arbitrantur_fw-la multa_fw-la inde_fw-la verba_fw-la pronunciant_fw-la non_fw-la intelligentes_fw-la neque_fw-la quae_fw-la loquuntur_fw-la neque_fw-la de_fw-la quibus_fw-la affirmant_fw-la if_o this_o passage_n seem_v harsh_a the_o reader_n must_v remember_v that_o i_o do_v but_o translate_v translate_v 〈…〉_z on_o it_o be_v own_o axis_n axis_n lux_fw-la ejus_fw-la colligit_fw-la convertitque_fw-la ad_fw-la se_fw-la omne_fw-la quae_fw-la videntur_fw-la quae_fw-la moventur_fw-la quae_fw-la illustrantur_fw-la quae_fw-la calescunt_fw-la &_o uno_fw-la nomine_fw-la ea_fw-la quae_fw-la ab_fw-la ejus_fw-la splendore_fw-la continentur_fw-la itaque_fw-la sol_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d dicitur_fw-la quod_fw-la omne_fw-la congreget_fw-la colligatque_fw-la dispersa_fw-la dispersa_fw-la si_fw-mi enim_fw-la sol_fw-la hic_fw-la quem_fw-la videmus_fw-la eorum_fw-la quae_fw-la sub_fw-la sensum_fw-la cadunt_fw-la essentias_fw-la &_o qualitates_fw-la quaeque_fw-la multa_fw-la sint_fw-la ac_fw-la dissimiles_fw-la tamen_fw-la ipse_fw-la qui_fw-la unus_fw-la est_fw-la aequaliterque_fw-la lumen_fw-la fundit_fw-la renovat_fw-la alit_fw-la tuetur_fw-la perficit_fw-la dividit_fw-la conjungit_fw-la fovet_fw-la faecunda_fw-la reddit_fw-la auget_fw-la mutat_fw-la firmat_n edit_n movet_fw-la vitaliaque_fw-la facit_fw-la omne_fw-la &_o unaquaque_fw-la res_fw-la huius_fw-la universitatis_fw-la pro_fw-la captu_fw-la svo_fw-la unius_fw-la atque_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la solis_fw-la est_fw-la particeps_fw-la causasque_fw-la multorum_fw-la quae_fw-la participent_fw-la in_fw-la se_fw-la aequabiliter_fw-la anticipatas_fw-la habet_fw-la certe_fw-la majori_fw-la raticne_fw-la etc._n etc._n solemn_a stetisse_fw-la dum_fw-la adhuc_fw-la in_o hemisphaerio_fw-la nostro_fw-la supra_fw-la scilicet_fw-la horizontem_fw-la existeret_fw-la cajetan_n in_o loco_fw-la loco_fw-la or_o pole_n pole_n gen._n chp._n 〈◊〉_d v._n 1._o 1._o psal._n 24._o 2._o 2._o psal._n 137._o 1._o 1._o chap._n 1._o v._n 4_o to_o 9_o psal._n 104._o v_o 5._o 5._o shelter_n shelter_n officium_fw-la officium_fw-la in_o vita_fw-la ejus_fw-la ejus_fw-la follower_n of_o that_o learned_a king_n hypothesis_n hypothesis_n that_o be_v 5000_o mile_n eight_o of_o these_o make_v a_o italian_a or_o english_a mile_n of_o a_o 1000_o pace_n every_o pacâ—_n contain_v 5._o foot_n foot_n chap._n 1._o v._n 4._o the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n not_o against_o scripture_n faith_n be_v more_o certain_a than_o either_o sense_n or_o reason_n reason_n 2_o pet._n 1._o 19_o 19_o or_o primum_fw-la mobile_n mobile_n cardan_n de_fw-fr rerum_fw-la vaâ—iet_fw-la lib._n 1._o cap._n 1._o 1._o p._n clavius_n in_o ultima_fw-la suor_fw-la operum_fw-la editione_n the_o author_n first_o theological_o dâ—fendeâ—h_v the_o â—arths_n mobility_n approve_v by_o â—ary_a of_o the_o modern_n modern_n or_o in_o sole_fw-la posuit_fw-la tabernaculum_fw-la suum_fw-la according_a to_o the_o translation_n our_o author_n follow_v in_o spherical_a body_n deorsum_fw-la be_v the_o centre_n and_o sursum_fw-la the_o circumference_n hell_n be_v in_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n not_o of_o the_o world_n heaven_n and_o earth_n be_v always_o 〈◊〉_d oppose_v to_o each_o other_o after_o the_o day_n of_o judgement_n the_o earth_n shall_v stand_v immovable_a immovable_a circa_n cardines_fw-la coeli_fw-la luke_n 16._o alia_fw-la sunt_fw-la notiora_fw-la nobis_fw-la alia_fw-la notiora_fw-la natura_fw-la vel_fw-la secundum_fw-la se_fw-la arist_n lib._n 1._o phys._n phys._n aut_fw-la ad_fw-la umbram_fw-la which_o be_v real_o the_o great_a light_n in_o heaven_n the_o sun_n moon_n and_o star_n be_v one_o &_o the_o same_o thing_n the_o earth_n be_v another_o moon_n or_o star_n why_o the_o sun_n seem_v to_o we_o to_o move_v &_o not_o the_o earth_n aeneid_n 3._o 3._o eccles._n c._n 1._o v_o ult_n ult_n chap._n 3._o v._n 11._o 11._o 1_o cor._n c._n 4._o v._n 5._o 5._o 1_o cor._n c._n 13._o v._n 12._o 12._o 1_o john_n c._n 3._o v._n 2._o 2._o 1_o cor._n c._n 13._o v._n 12._o 12._o ecclesiast_n 15._o 3._o 3._o 1_o cor._n c._n 2._o v._n 2._o 2._o isa._n c._n 48._o v._n 17._o 1_o thess._n 4._o joshua_n c._n 10._o ver_fw-la 12._o 12._o expect_a isa._n c._n 38._o v._n 8._o â—_o several_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n according_a to_o copernicus_n the_o earth_n secundum_fw-la totum_fw-la be_v immutable_a though_o not_o immovable_a the_o earth_n can_v secundum_fw-la totum_fw-la remove_v out_o of_o its_o natural_a place_n the_o natural_a place_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o moon_n be_v a_o aetherial_a body_n the_o earth_n centre_n keep_v it_o in_o its_o natural_a place_n gravity_n and_o levity_n of_o body_n what_o it_o be_v all_o celestial_a body_n have_v gravity_n and_o levity_n compressive_a motion_n proper_a to_o gravity_n the_o extensive_a to_o levity_n heaven_n be_v not_o compose_v of_o a_o five_o essence_n differ_v from_o the_o matter_n of_o inferior_a body_n nor_o yet_o a_o solid_a or_o dense_a body_n but_o rare_a rare_a dell_fw-it macchie_n solarj_n solarj_n vnius_fw-la corporis_fw-la simplicis_fw-la unus_fw-la est_fw-la motus_fw-la simplex_fw-la et_fw-la huic_fw-la dua_fw-la species_n rectus_n &_o circularis_fw-la rectus_n duplex_fw-la à _fw-la medio_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la medium_n primus_fw-la levium_fw-la ut_fw-la aeris_fw-la &_o ignis_fw-la secundus_fw-la gravium_fw-la ut_fw-la aquae_fw-la &_o terra_fw-la circularis_fw-la quy_a circa_fw-la medium_n competit_fw-la coelo_fw-la quod_fw-la neque_fw-la est_fw-la grave_n neque_fw-la leave_n arist._n de_fw-fr coelo_fw-la lib._n 1._o 1._o vide_fw-la copernicum_fw-la de_fw-la revolutionibus_fw-la coelest_n simple_a motion_n peculiar_a to_o only_o simple_a body_n right_o motion_n belong_v to_o imperfect_a body_n and_o that_o be_v out_o of_o their_o natural_a place_n right_o motion_n can_v be_v simple_a right_o motion_n be_v ever_o mix_v with_o the_o circular_a circular_a aequabilis_fw-la aequabilis_fw-la even_o circular_a motion_n be_v true_o simple_a and_o perpetual_a circular_a motion_n belong_v to_o the_o whole_a body_n and_o the_o right_n to_o its_o part_n circular_a and_o right_a motion_n coincedent_n and_o may_v consist_v together_o in_o the_o same_o body_n the_o earth_n in_o 〈◊〉_d sense_n it_o may_v 〈…〉_z be_v say_v 〈…〉_z the_o low_a 〈◊〉_d of_o the_o world_n christ_n in_o his_o incarnation_n true_o descend_v from_o heaven_n and_o in_o his_o ascension_n true_o ascend_v into_o heaven_n 2_o cor._n c._n 12._o v._n 3._o whether_o in_o the_o body_n or_o out_o of_o the_o body_n i_o can_v tell_v the_o sun_n be_v king_n heart_n and_o lamp_n of_o the_o world_n himself_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d absolute_o independent_a the_o aenigma_fw-la of_o plato_n plato_n circa_n omniâ—m_fw-la regem_fw-la sunt_fw-la omne_fw-la &_o secunda_fw-la circa_fw-la secundum_fw-la et_fw-la tertia_fw-la circa_fw-la tertium_fw-la vide_fw-la theodo_fw-la de_fw-fr graec._n affect_v curate_n lib._n 2._o sâ—euch_n lib._n de_fw-fr parennj_n philoso_n eccles._n c._n 1._o 2._o 3._o and_o almost_o thoout_a thoout_a quod_fw-la fiunt_fw-la vel_fw-la sunt_fw-la sub_fw-la sole_a heaven_n according_a to_o copernicus_n be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o most_o tenuous_a aether_n but_o different_a from_o paradise_n which_o surpass_v all_o the_o heaven_n heaven_n exod._n 25._o 31._o 31._o my_o author_n follow_v the_o vulgar_a translation_n which_o have_v a_o eligance_n in_o some_o thing_n beyond_o we_o cite_v the_o word_n thus_o fancy_n candelabrum_fw-la ductile_a de_fw-la auro_fw-la mundissimo_fw-la hastile_fw-fr ejus_fw-la &_o calamos_fw-la &_o sphaerulas_n ac_fw-la lilia_n ex_fw-la ipso_fw-la procedentia_fw-la procedentia_fw-la verse_n 12._o 12._o or_o sphere_n sphere_n though_o our_o author_n speak_v here_o positive_o of_o nine_o month_n etc._n etc._n father_n be_v not_o agree_v about_o the_o period_n of_o this_o planet_n nor_o that_o of_o mercury_n as_o you_o may_v see_v at_o large_a in_o ricciolus_n almage_a nov_fw-mi tom._n 1._o part_n 1._o l._n 7._o sect_n 3._o i_o 11._o num_fw-la 11._o page_n 627._o where_o he_o make_v venus_n to_o consummate_v her_o revolution_n in_o near_o 225_o day_n or_o 7_o 12_o mon._n and_o mercury_n in_o about_o 88_o day_n or_o 3_o month_n in_o which_o he_o follow_v kepl._n in_o epitome_n astronom_n p._n 760._o 760._o vers_fw-la 33_o 34._o 34._o 1_o king_n c._n 7._o v._n 49._o 2_o chron._n c._n 4._o vers_fw-la 7._o 7._o exod._n 28._o 33_o 34_o &_o 39_o v_o 24_o 25_o 26._o 26._o sap._n c._n 18._o v._n 24._o 24._o exod._n c._n 28._o v._n 6_o 9_o 17_o 36._o 36._o or_o totus_fw-la orbis_n terrarum_fw-la as_o the_o vulgar_a translation_n have_v it_o it_o numb_a c._n 20._o v._n 5._o 5._o joel_n c._n 1._o v._n 12._o 12._o hagg._n c._n 2._o v._n 19_o 19_o deut._n c._n 8._o v._n 8._o 8._o 1_o king_n c_o 7._o v_o 20._o &_o 2_o king_n c._n 25._o v._n 17._o &_o 2_o chro._n c._n 3._o v._n 15_o 16._o etc._n etc._n 4._o v._n 12._o 13._o &_o jerem._n c._n 52._o v._n 21_o 22._o 22._o gen._n c._n 1._o v._n 1._o 1._o psal._n 67._o v._n 6_o 7._o 7._o psal._n 9_o v_o 5_o 6._o 6._o institutionum_fw-la omnium_fw-la doctrâ—narum_fw-la doctrâ—narum_fw-la de_fw-fr oraculis_fw-la oraculis_fw-la de_fw-fr divinatiâ—-ne_a artificiosa_fw-la artificiosa_fw-la de_fw-fr divinatiâ—-ne_a naturali_fw-la cosmologica_n cosmologica_n nella_n continuatione_fw-la dell_fw-it nuntio_fw-la siderio_fw-la siderio_fw-la lâ—ttera_fw-mi all_o p._n abbaâ—â—_n d._n b._n castelli_n d'aâ—cetro_n li._n 3._o decemb._n 16_o 9_o 9_o de_fw-fr motu_fw-la aquanâ—_n â—ib_fw-la 2._o prop._n 37._o p._n 191._o 191._o and_o as_o be_v at_o large_a demonstrate_v by_o that_o most_o excellent_a and_o honourable_a personage_n mr._n boil_v in_o the_o industrious_a experiment_n of_o his_o pneumatical_a engine_n engine_n artesia_n artesia_n commentarius_fw-la bear_v many_o sense_n but_o in_o this_o place_n signify_v a_o certain_a register_n of_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o several_a public_a aquiduct_n of_o rome_n which_o word_n i_o find_v frequent_o use_v in_o the_o law-book_n of_o ancient_a civilian_n and_o by_o errogation_n we_o be_v to_o understand_v the_o distribution_n or_o deliver_v out_o of_o those_o store_n of_o water_n water_n a_o coin_n of_o pope_n julius_n worth_n six_o penny_n penny_n or_o sluice_n sluice_n in_o pregadi_n a_o particular_a council_n the_o senators_z of_o which_o have_v great_a authority_n authority_n a_o venice_n brace_n be_v 11_o 16_o of_o our_o yard_n yard_n a_o river_n of_o that_o name_n name_n i._o savii_n dell_fw-it '_o acque_fw-la a_o particular_a council_n that_o take_v care_n of_o the_o lake_n and_o other_o aquatic_a affair_n affair_n he_o here_o intend_v the_o demonstration_n follow_v at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o first_o book_n book_n deep_o deep_o lib._n 1._o 1._o the_o country_n or_o province_n lie_v round_o the_o city_n heretofore_o call_v latium_n latium_n or_o lordship_n lordship_n the_o pope_n exchequer_n exchequer_n polesine_n be_v a_o plat_n of_o ground_n almost_o surround_v with_o bog_n or_o water_n like_o a_o island_n island_n people_n of_o ferrara_n ferrara_n in_o channel_n make_v by_o hand_n hand_n the_o inch_n of_o these_o place_n be_v somewhat_o big_a than_o we_o we_o of_o adriano_n adriano_n larghezza_fw-it but_o misprint_v