find_v near_o the_o same_o place_n fig_n 11._o be_v a_o different_a sort_n of_o buccinum_fw-la from_o the_o former_a find_v likewise_o near_o hillbree-island_n in_o cheshire_n fig._n 12._o be_v a_o three_o sort_n of_o buccinum_fw-la find_v near_o the_o same_o place_n fig._n 13._o be_v a_o concha_n veneris_n find_v likewise_o upon_o that_o coast_n but_o most_o common_o in_o india_n fig._n 14._o be_v the_o white_a feather_a lead-ore_n find_v in_o the_o lead-mine_n in_o lancashire_n and_o cumberland_n the_o line_n you_o see_v be_v tubulcous_a and_o striate_v like_o those_o upon_o a_o cockle_n from_o which_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o metal_n as_o well_o as_o mineral_n have_v their_o various_a disport_n fig._n 15._o be_v a_o sort_n of_o iron-ore_n with_o several_a globular_a protuberance_n upon_o its_o superficies_n and_o for_o that_o reason_n vulgar_o call_v the_o button-ore_n fig._n 16._o be_v a_o fluor_fw-la or_o spar_n of_o quadrangular_a and_o several_a rhomboidal_a figure_n fig._n 17._o be_v a_o fluor_fw-la find_v in_o the_o lead-mine_n consist_v of_o irregular_a and_o triangular_a figure_n fig._n 18._o be_v a_o different_a kind_a of_o fluor_fw-la find_v also_o in_o those_o mine_n constitute_v six_o triangular_a figure_n in_o one_o equilateral_a quadrangle_n and_o another_o break_v off_o from_o the_o various_a contexture_n of_o which_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o imagine_v how_o those_o different_a representation_n of_o bone_n and_o shell_n find_v in_o rock_n may_v be_v account_v for_o fig._n 19_o be_v the_o buphthalmus_n or_o ox-eye_n describe_v in_o the_o book_n fig._n 20._o be_v one_o part_n of_o a_o bile-stone_n take_v out_o of_o the_o bladder_n of_o a_o ox._n fig._n 21._o be_v the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o same_o stone_n both_o of_o they_o resemble_v the_o bark_n of_o a_o tree_n in_o which_o the_o disport_n of_o nature_n be_v still_o further_o remarkable_a which_o i_o have_v now_o trace_v through_o mineral_n metal_n quadrupedes_fw-la and_o shell_n themselves_o i_o shall_v in_o another_o chapter_n proceed_v to_o more_o observation_n in_o mineral_n and_o some_o in_o fossil_a plant_n and_o human_a kind_a 4_o a_o explication_n of_o the_o cut_v contain_v in_o the_o four_o plate_n mark_v fig._n 4._o fig_n 1._o a_o cut_a of_o a_o indian_a canoe_o find_v upon_o the_o drain_n of_o martin-mere_a in_o lancashire_n it_o be_v very_o probable_a the_o britain_n be_v teach_v the_o use_n of_o these_o boat_n by_o the_o asiatic_o who_o inhabit_v among_o they_o the_o colony_n of_o which_o people_n we_o have_v before_o prove_v in_o these_o part_n it_o be_v find_v in_o the_o sludge_n under_o the_o water_n adjacent_a to_o a_o river_n now_o style_v ribbel_n former_o bellisama_n both_o which_o be_v phoenician_n and_o armenian_a word_n and_o likewise_o a_o rivulet_n branch_a from_o it_o style_v savig_a it_o be_v very_o likely_a those_o people_n in_o those_o day_n may_v make_v use_n of_o these_o boat_n in_o fish_v and_o pass_v river_n fig._n 2._o and_o 3._o these_o be_v find_v in_o a_o moss_n not_o very_o remote_a from_o the_o canoe_o the_o former_a be_v a_o stone_n like_o that_o of_o a_o whetstone_n the_o other_o a_o copper_n instrument_n not_o much_o unlike_o the_o head_n of_o a_o axe_n the_o like_a to_o these_o dr._n plot_v observe_v in_o staffordshire_n but_o not_o of_o so_o large_a a_o size_n he_o look_v upon_o they_o to_o be_v roman_a axe_n and_o that_o they_o may_v be_v lose_v in_o those_o day_n by_o the_o soldier_n in_o their_o pass_n the_o one_o he_o style_v the_o securis_fw-la lapidea_fw-la and_o the_o other_o the_o securis_fw-la cuprea_fw-la but_o since_o they_o be_v both_o of_o so_o small_a a_o size_n that_o it_o be_v not_o possible_a that_o a_o beast_n shall_v be_v slaughter_v by_o they_o as_o may_v be_v observe_v in_o those_o collect_v by_o he_o now_o in_o the_o musaeum_fw-la in_o oxford_n and_o further_o since_o that_o which_o he_o style_v the_o securis_fw-la cuprea_fw-la have_v not_o the_o shape_n of_o the_o roman_a securis_fw-la which_o i_o have_v frequent_o observe_v upon_o their_o sacrificing-altar_n i_o can_v but_o conclude_v that_o he_o be_v certain_o mistake_v and_o do_v rather_o look_v upon_o they_o to_o be_v indian_a instrument_n since_o the_o indian_n at_o this_o day_n make_v use_n of_o such_o a_o kind_n of_o a_o axe_n or_o securis_fw-la in_o form_v their_o canoe_n and_o bark_v their_o tree_n which_o at_o this_o day_n they_o call_v a_o tomahowke_n these_o therefore_o be_v find_v under_o ground_n near_o the_o same_o river_n where_o the_o canoe_n be_v to_o i_o it_o seem_v more_o probable_a that_o they_o be_v instrument_n make_v use_v of_o by_o the_o asiatic_a indian_n then_o reside_v in_o those_o part_n and_o for_o the_o stone_n to_o wit_n fig_n 2._o i_o only_o take_v it_o to_o be_v the_o cos_n or_o whetstone_n for_o the_o securis_fw-la these_o consider_v together_o i_o look_v upon_o they_o to_o be_v the_o great_a relic_n of_o antiquity_n in_o the_o universe_n and_o clear_o confirm_v to_o we_o what_o have_v be_v allege_v before_o in_o relation_n to_o the_o asiatic_a colony_n in_o these_o county_n fig._n 4._o the_o sepia_n or_o ink-fish_n he_o lie_v upon_o his_o back_n which_o show_v his_o spot_n which_o be_v not_o very_o unlike_a those_o of_o a_o trout_n the_o white_a speck_n show_v the_o bladder_n which_o contain_v the_o ink_n and_o the_o white_a line_n the_o ductus_n branch_a from_o it_o through_o which_o by_o contract_v the_o bladder_n he_o eject_v his_o ink_n and_o darken_v the_o water_n when_o he_o will_v hide_v or_o preserve_v himself_o and_o it_o be_v wonderful_a to_o observe_v the_o vast_a quantity_n of_o ink_n that_o one_o of_o these_o small_a fish_n will_v discharge_v i_o have_v write_v several_a letter_n with_o the_o ink_n which_o i_o press_v from_o the_o single_a bladder_n of_o only_a one_o of_o they_o fig._n 5._o show_v he_o dissect_v lie_v upon_o his_o back_n fig._n 6._o show_v he_o lie_v upon_o his_o back_n not_o dissect_v fig._n 7._o and_o 8._o the_o urtica_fw-la marina_n or_o piscis_fw-la vaginalis_fw-la describe_v before_o in_o the_o book_n fig._n 9_o the_o head_n of_o a_o young_a hippopotamus_n or_o sea-horse_n as_o he_o just_o show_v his_o head_n above_o water_n as_o a_o seaman_n describe_v he_o to_o i_o who_o see_v he_o but_o it_o be_v not_o very_a like_o that_o head_n find_v under_o moss_n in_o lancashire_n as_o will_v appear_v by_o the_o cut_n of_o it_o in_o the_o six_o plate_n a_o explication_n of_o the_o cut_v contain_v in_o the_o five_o plate_n mark_v fig._n 5._o the_o figure_n be_v the_o head_n of_o a_o stag_n of_o canada_n find_v eight_o yard_n within_o marle_n in_o lancashire_n with_o the_o vertebra_n of_o the_o neck_n adhere_v to_o the_o head_n one_o as_o large_a again_o as_o this_o be_v find_v four_o yard_n under_o the_o moss_n in_o the_o meal_n in_o the_o same_o county_n these_o creature_n be_v foreign_a to_o this_o island_n i_o think_v sufficient_o demonstrate_v the_o universality_n of_o the_o deluge_n but_o this_o be_v before_o full_o discuss_v in_o the_o book_n to_o that_o i_o refer_v you_o the_o explication_n of_o the_o head_n be_v include_v in_o the_o plate_n wherefore_o it_o need_v not_o to_o be_v insert_v here_o 5_o 6_o a_o explication_n of_o the_o cut_v contain_v in_o the_o six_o plate_n mark_v tab._n vi_o of_o fish_n fig_n 1._o be_v a_o sort_n of_o patella_n that_o lie_v betwixt_o the_o vertebra_n of_o the_o back_n of_o a_o whale_n this_o i_o find_v to_o be_v so_o by_o the_o skeleton_n of_o one_o which_o i_o late_o see_v in_o smithfield_n in_o london_n this_o bone_n be_v find_v near_o hillbree-island_n in_o cheshire_n the_o use_n of_o it_o i_o take_v to_o be_v twofold_a the_o first_o to_o facilitate_v the_o motion_n of_o that_o immense_a creature_n the_o second_o to_o prevent_v its_o vertebra_n from_o grind_v one_o upon_o another_o which_o do_v not_o this_o interpose_v probable_o they_o may_v do_v so_o admirable_a be_v the_o conduct_n of_o providence_n in_o the_o large_a creature_n in_o the_o universe_n as_o well_o as_o in_o the_o minute_a insect_n fig._n 2._o a_o sturgeon_n take_v in_o the_o mersey_n near_o warington_n in_o lancashire_n in_o a_o salmon-fishing_a belong_v to_o mr._n thomas_n patten_n of_o that_o town_n fig._n 3._o a_o seal_n or_o sea-calf_n call_v by_o the_o dutch_a seahound_n take_v in_o the_o river_n ribbel_n in_o lancashire_n near_o that_o pleasant_a seat_n call_v the_o bank_n the_o seat_n of_o that_o honour_a gentleman_n thomas_n fleetwood_n esq_n fig._n 4._o be_v a_o exact_a cutt_n of_o that_o hippopotamus_n or_o sea-horse-head_n dig_v up_o under_o moss_n in_o lancashire_n which_o i_o frequent_o see_v this_o be_v a_o creature_n peculiar_a to_o the_o south-sea_n and_o never_o be_v by_o any_o mariner_n whatever_o observe_v in_o these_o sea_n which_o encompass_v our_o island_n unless_o therefore_o
by_o a_o easy_a corruption_n may_v be_v reduce_v to_o britannia_n as_o to_o the_o brigantes_n it_o be_v reasonable_a to_o conclude_v a_o great_a part_n of_o they_o phoenician_n a_o people_n of_o syria_n very_o industrious_a improver_n of_o navigation_n since_o we_o have_v a_o remarkable_a river_n in_o lancashire_n call_v ribbel_n by_o ptolemy_n style_v bellisama_n which_o word_n undoubted_o he_o derive_v from_o the_o phoenician_n word_n belus_n and_o sama_n signify_v in_o that_o language_n the_o moon_n or_o goddess_n of_o heaven_n she_o be_v suppose_v to_o have_v a_o particular_a influence_n over_o water_n and_o at_o that_o time_n the_o deity_n they_o adore_v hence_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o before_o the_o greek_n trade_a into_o britain_n the_o phoenician_n have_v be_v there_o and_o no_o doubt_n discover_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o island_n since_o therefore_o a_o river_n in_o this_o country_n in_o those_o early_a day_n retain_v a_o phoenician_n name_n as_o the_o greek_a geographer_n ptolemy_n make_v it_o manifest_v it_o do_v to_o i_o it_o seem_v a_o undeniable_a conjecture_n to_o suppose_v that_o that_o name_n must_v be_v attribute_v to_o it_o from_o the_o people_n of_o that_o country_n viz._n phoenicia_n that_o reside_v near_o it_o probable_o in_o the_o pleasant_a and_o beautiful_a town_n now_o style_v preston_n to_o this_o we_o may_v introduce_v one_o reasonable_a allegation_n more_o that_o these_o people_n be_v of_o a_o asiatic_a origin_n that_o be_v from_o their_o manner_n of_o make_v war_n which_o be_v in_o manage_v their_o chariot_n as_o the_o eastern_a nation_n practise_v a_o custom_n not_o make_v use_n of_o in_o any_o european_a kingdom_n save_o this_o island_n only_o this_o julius_n caesar_n find_v upon_o his_o invasion_n of_o the_o isle_n which_o way_n of_o fight_v he_o have_v not_o meet_v with_o either_o in_o germany_n gaul_n belgium_n or_o other_o his_o conquer_a country_n to_o these_o may_v be_v add_v the_o reverse_n of_o a_o roman_a coin_n of_o asia_n minor_a which_o show_v the_o expertness_n of_o those_o people_n in_o navigation_n above_o all_o the_o world_n which_o may_v still_o more_o easy_o induce_v we_o to_o believe_v they_o be_v a_o great_a part_n of_o they_o a_o people_n of_o that_o nation_n but_o that_o will_v be_v explain_v in_o its_o proper_a place_n viz._n in_o the_o chapter_n of_o antiquity_n however_o thus_o far_o we_o may_v venture_v to_o conjecture_v since_o the_o asiatic_n be_v so_o great_a master_n of_o that_o art_n that_o they_o may_v easy_o transplant_v themselves_o hither_o for_o the_o further_a confirmation_n of_o what_o be_v here_o lay_v down_o i_o shall_v only_o produce_v one_o instance_n more_o and_o so_o close_a this_o head_n it_o be_v affirm_v by_o strabo_n and_o several_a other_o that_o the_o most_o northern_a part_n of_o britain_n be_v ancient_o style_v thule_n which_o at_o this_o day_n the_o scots_a term_n orkney_n and_o the_o latin_n orcades_n now_o thule_n be_v a_o phoenician_n word_n signify_v darkness_n by_o a_o easy_a train_n of_o thought_n we_o may_v reasonable_o infer_v the_o phoenician_n may_v give_v that_o name_n to_o those_o island_n either_o from_o the_o great_a shadow_n of_o their_o wood_n which_o be_v then_o numerous_a or_o the_o shortness_n of_o their_o day_n many_o of_o which_o be_v but_o five_o hour_n since_o therefore_o we_o may_v reasonable_o suppose_v the_o phoenician_n be_v in_o those_o more_o northern_a part_n to_o i_o there_o appear_v no_o difficulty_n to_o conceive_v how_o they_o may_v transplant_v themselves_o into_o lancashire_n and_o other_o county_n inhabit_a by_o the_o brigantes_n have_v now_o account_v for_o that_o river_n style_v by_o ptolemy_n bellisama_n and_o likewise_o make_v it_o high_o probable_a that_o the_o phoenician_n be_v in_o those_o part_n it_o remain_v in_o the_o last_o place_n that_o i_o assign_v some_o conjecture_n why_o afterward_o that_o river_n be_v call_v ribbel_n concern_v this_o the_o supposition_n be_v various_a some_o derive_v it_o from_o the_o greek_a verb_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o to_o i_o seem_v irrational_a since_o bel_n which_o be_v a_o phoenician_n word_n can_v be_v account_v for_o in_o the_o greek_a language_n other_o will_v make_v it_o british_a but_o i_o do_v not_o see_v how_o in_o that_o language_n that_o can_v be_v make_v out_o since_o in_o british_a avon_n or_o savon_n be_v the_o name_n for_o river_n which_o word_n can_v bear_v any_o relation_n to_o ribbel_v wherefore_o with_o submission_n to_o the_o more_o know_v in_o those_o language_n it_o be_v my_o thought_n that_o since_o from_o the_o precede_a topic_n we_o may_v reasonable_o infer_v the_o phoenician_n be_v in_o those_o part_n and_o cohabit_v with_o the_o britain_n who_o be_v a_o people_n of_o vast_a industry_n and_o experience_n in_o navigation_n may_v from_o their_o neighbour_n the_o persian_n with_o their_o colony_n send_v hither_o several_a of_o that_o country_n the_o persian_n as_o well_o as_o they_o in_o those_o day_n deify_v their_o river_n sometime_o still_v they_o heaven_n and_o the_o god_n and_o goddess_n of_o heaven_n wherefore_o arribel_n in_o the_o armenian_a language_n which_o be_v the_o language_n common_o speak_v in_o persia_n signify_v heaven_n thence_o ribbel_n may_v be_v account_v for_o and_o not_o otherwise_o so_o far_o as_o from_o the_o harmony_n of_o language_n i_o be_o able_a to_o conjecture_v the_o radical_a letter_n in_o the_o armenian_a tongue_n and_o in_o the_o river_n now_o style_v ribbel_n be_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n the_o same_o and_o the_o river_n then_o by_o those_o people_n be_v sometime_o style_v heaven_n i_o do_v not_o see_v how_o that_o consent_n of_o language_n and_o history_n can_v be_v reconcile_v but_o by_o suppose_v people_n from_o that_o country_n inhabit_v among_o the_o britain_n the_o more_o clear_o to_o illustrate_v that_o the_o brigantes_n be_v a_o mix_a people_n of_o phoenician_n and_o britain_n i_o shall_v produce_v but_o one_o instance_n more_o and_o upon_o that_o head_n not_o further_o presume_v upon_o the_o reader_n be_v patience_n the_o instance_n be_v take_v from_o a_o rivulet_n a_o branch_n of_o that_o river_n before_o treat_v of_o style_v ribbel_n this_o rivulet_n be_v at_o this_o day_n vulgar_o style_v savig_n now_o ig_a in_o the_o british_a language_n be_v a_o diminutive_a to_o show_v the_o distinction_n betwixt_o a_o river_n and_o a_o rivulet_n which_o be_v therefore_o add_v to_o avon_n which_o in_o that_o language_n signify_v a_o river_n afonig_n and_o savonig_n in_o the_o british_a language_n signify_v rivulet_n from_o thence_o may_v easy_o be_v account_v for_o the_o name_n of_o that_o rivulet_n now_o style_v savig_a since_o therefore_o in_o those_o part_n we_o find_v a_o mixture_n of_o phoenician_n armenian_n and_o british_a language_n we_o may_v thence_o make_v this_o reasonable_a corollary_n that_o those_o people_n live_v together_o and_o why_o they_o be_v style_v brigantes_n i_o presume_v may_v be_v account_v for_o from_o tacitus_n who_o very_o likely_a may_v take_v they_o to_o be_v a_o people_n from_o gaul_n or_o belgium_n that_o be_v from_o the_o brigantine_n rover_n and_o pirate_n since_o in_o those_o country_n to_o this_o very_a time_n the_o vessel_n common_o make_v use_n of_o for_o expedite_v sail_v be_v style_v brigantines_n the_o air_n for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v mild_a serene_a and_o healthful_a except_v on_o the_o fenny_a and_o maritime_a part_n of_o the_o county_n where_o they_o be_v frequent_o visit_v with_o malignant_a and_o intermit_a fever_n scurvy_n consumption_n dropsy_n rheumatism_n and_o the_o like_a occasion_v by_o sulphureous_a saline_n effluvia_fw-la sometime_o extreme_o foetid_v which_o i_o have_v frequent_o observe_v to_o be_v so_o before_o the_o approach_n of_o some_o extraordinary_a storm_n and_o it_o be_v most_o certain_a the_o inhabitant_n upon_o the_o sea_n coast_n from_o the_o hollow_a murmur_a noise_n which_o be_v frequent_o hear_v from_o the_o ocean_n and_o the_o offensive_a smell_v perceive_v from_o those_o coast_n will_v make_v as_o early_o and_o certain_a a_o prognostic_n of_o the_o change_n of_o wether_n as_o the_o modern_a virtuoso_n can_v do_v by_o their_o mercurial_a tube_n it_o be_v observable_a whilst_o this_o noise_n be_v hear_v in_o the_o ocean_n the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n be_v elevate_v after_o a_o unusual_a manner_n and_o upon_o the_o subside_v of_o the_o water_n it_o be_v observe_v the_o storm_n immediate_o succeed_v from_o which_o phaenomena_n it_o be_v reasonable_a to_o conclude_v the_o follow_a tempest_n to_o be_v occasion_v by_o eruption_n from_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n struggle_v with_o that_o mighty_a element_n till_o they_o have_v force_v their_o way_n through_o its_o immense_a body_n which_o afterward_o fly_v about_o in_o the_o circumambient_a atmosphere_n frequent_o occasion_n tempestuous_a commotion_n and_o sometime_o pestilential_a distemper_n these_o be_v the_o phaenomena_n which_o be_v almost_o each_o
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hang_v in_o aequilibrio_fw-la as_o the_o learned_a mr._n hobbs_n other_o that_o a_o large_a receptacle_n fill_v with_o water_n by_o subterraneous_a wind_n from_o the_o opposite_a part_n be_v blow_v over_o as_o legrand_n and_o other_o of_o the_o french_a virtuoso_n though_o mr._n hobbs_n hypothesis_n seem_v to_o carry_v the_o great_a stress_n of_o reason_n along_o with_o it_o yet_o at_o the_o same_o time_n if_o we_o consider_v the_o effect_n water_n have_v upon_o stone_n upon_o which_o it_o continual_o fall_v or_o run_v over_o in_o diminish_v its_o superficies_n or_o overturning_a those_o of_o a_o prodigious_a bigness_n upon_o flood_n or_o other_o eruption_n it_o will_v be_v as_o difficult_a to_o conceive_v how_o a_o stone_n shall_v be_v so_o exact_o poise_v in_o a_o aqueduct_v so_o long_a a_o space_n of_o time_n as_o this_o must_v needs_o have_v be_v so_o as_o to_o occasion_v a_o flux_n and_o reflux_n of_o the_o water_n as_o be_v observable_a in_o these_o fountain_n wherefore_o i_o shall_v venture_v to_o form_v a_o different_a hypothesis_n and_o that_o it_o may_v be_v perform_v with_o all_o the_o perspicuity_n so_o dark_a a_o matter_n will_v admit_v in_o the_o first_o place_n i_o will_v describe_v the_o spring_n and_o its_o situation_n as_o exact_o as_o i_o remember_v the_o most_o note_a spring_n of_o this_o nature_n be_v at_o gigleswig_n in_o yorkshire_n as_o abovementioned_a the_o well_o lie_v at_o the_o bottom_n of_o a_o mountain_n of_o a_o considerable_a height_n and_o be_v almost_o contiguous_a to_o a_o great_a road_n betwixt_o settle_n lancashire_n and_o westmoreland_n the_o diameter_n of_o the_o spring_n as_o i_o think_v be_v about_o a_o yard_n and_o the_o perpendicular_a near_o the_o same_o dimension_n the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n be_v not_o always_o certain_a be_v sometime_o only_o once_o again_o twice_o sometime_o thrice_o a_o hour_n and_o i_o think_v the_o water_n upon_o the_o flux_n may_v subside_o about_o three_o quarter_n of_o a_o yard_n and_o then_o you_o always_o hear_v a_o hollow_a gutle_a noise_n within_o the_o mountain_n as_o be_v above_o recite_v from_o these_o phaenomena_n it_o seem_v reasonable_a to_o conjecture_v that_o within_o the_o mountain_n be_v a_o considerable_a cavity_n implete_v with_o air_n from_o which_o the_o aqueduct_n that_o form_n the_o spring_n run_v and_o that_o those_o and_o their_o exit_n be_v but_o small_a and_o it_o be_v very_o probable_a from_o this_o cavity_n they_o do_v not_o run_v in_o direct_a but_o spiral_n line_n like_o those_o in_o a_o worm_n use_v in_o distillation_n now_o when_o the_o water_n that_o ascend_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n which_o compose_v these_o spring_n reach_v this_o cavity_n they_o must_v necessary_o as_o it_o fill_v gradual_o press_v the_o air_n into_o the_o spiral_n aqueduct_n and_o force_v it_o forward_o to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o aqueduct_v it_o be_v there_o then_o obstruct_a by_o the_o water_n in_o the_o well_o only_o a_o little_a air_n and_o water_n get_v vent_n raise_v 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but_o can_v easy_o quit_v it_o when_o any_o more_o reasonable_a be_v offer_v and_o more_o exact_o quadrate_v with_o the_o phaenomena_n of_o these_o spring_n now_o as_o these_o aqueduct_n be_v more_o or_o less_o spiral_n or_o of_o different_a dimension_n from_o the_o sinus_n within_o the_o mountain_n implete_v with_o air_n or_o as_o the_o spring_n that_o fill_v the_o dust_n with_o water_n be_v but_o easy_a or_o rapid_a so_o its_o probable_a the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n become_v so_o uncertain_a for_o in_o some_o it_o flow_v not_o once_o in_o several_a hour_n as_o in_o that_o call_v tideswell_n the_o water_n perhaps_o be_v sometime_o divert_v by_o other_o aqueduct_n and_o reach_v not_o the_o cavity_n or_o sinus_n within_o the_o mountain_n this_o may_v happen_v by_o several_a accident_n as_o the_o fall_n in_o of_o earth_n or_o pebble_n which_o for_o a_o time_n may_v divert_v the_o common_a course_n of_o the_o spring_n till_o by_o a_o continual_a currency_n it_o force_v its_o passage_n 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madam_n katherine_n preston_n daughter_n and_o heiress_n of_o thomas_n preston_n of_o holker_n esq._n though_o this_o digression_n be_v foreign_a to_o a_o natural_a history_n yet_o i_o hope_v the_o reader_n will_v pardon_v it_o since_o i_o can_v not_o well_o pass_v by_o so_o considerable_a a_o building_n some_o water_n we_o have_v which_o cast_v up_o marine_a shell_n as_o latham_n spa_n do_v former_o but_o that_o be_v troublesome_a to_o the_o drinker_n have_v be_v prèvent_v by_o lay_v millstone_n upon_o the_o spring_n so_o that_o the_o sand_n and_o shell_n can_v boil_v up_o so_o high_a as_o former_o this_o be_v one_o of_o the_o best_a sort_n of_o vitriolic_a chalybeates_n and_o be_v remote_a from_o the_o sea_n or_o any_o salt_n river_n whence_o therefore_o these_o shell_n come_v may_v be_v worth_a our_o enquiry_n and_o a_o clear_a decision_n of_o that_o may_v far_o illustrate_v those_o other_o marine_a shell_n find_v in_o marle_n as_o the_o echini_n cochleae_fw-la torcular_n whilk_n 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year_n as_o summer_n and_o winter_n they_o will_v vary_v very_o much_o in_o their_o current_n as_o to_o quantity_n which_o in_o several_a spring_n be_v not_o discernible_a second_o several_a spring_n be_v find_v in_o mine_n in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n deep_a than_o the_o dew_n and_o rains_n be_v suppose_v to_o descend_v three_o some_o country_n abound_v with_o spring_n where_o dew_n and_o rains_n be_v never_o know_v to_o fall_v from_o all_o these_o it_o be_v evident_a continual_a spring_n can_v never_o be_v imagine_v to_o be_v cause_v by_o rains_n and_o dews_n it_o remain_v therefore_o that_o they_o either_o proceed_v from_o the_o ocean_n or_o a_o subterraneous_a abyss_n the_o latter_a of_o these_o the_o learned_a dr._n woodward_n adhere_v to_o and_o can_v such_o a_o thing_n be_v make_v out_o his_o hypothesis_n will_v be_v undeniable_a but_o such_o a_o thing_n as_o a_o abyss_n be_v no_o where_o to_o be_v discover_v in_o nature_n and_o that_o what_o notion_n we_o have_v of_o it_o be_v only_o from_o moses_n that_o divine_a philosopher_n in_o what_o sense_n the_o inspire_a legislator_n may_v take_v the_o abyss_n we_o pretend_v not_o to_o determine_v whether_o the_o ocean_n in_o general_n or_o a_o subterraneous_a collection_n of_o water_n equal_a to_o it_o and_o keep_v a_o communication_n with_o it_o as_o dr._n woodward_n suppose_v wherefore_o we_o rather_o assert_v what_o the_o great_a aristotle_n suppose_v concern_v spring_n that_o they_o have_v their_o rise_n from_o the_o sea_n of_o this_o caesar_n have_v a_o clear_a demonstration_n when_o he_o invade_v this_o island_n and_o encamp_v upon_o the_o sea_n coast_n where_o by_o dig_v in_o the_o sand_n he_o be_v instant_o supply_v with_o a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o fresh_a water_n which_o by_o filter_v through_o the_o sand_n become_v sweet_a the_o saline_a particle_n stick_v in_o the_o sand._n a_o phaenomenon_n like_v to_o this_o be_v observe_v when_o that_o great_a general_n duke_n schomberg_n encamp_v upon_o a_o plain_n call_v the_o melt_v near_o hile-lake_n this_o grant_v then_o that_o spring_n have_v their_o rise_n from_o the_o ocean_n it_o be_v easy_a to_o imagine_v how_o they_o may_v bring_v up_o marine_a shell_n and_o unless_o this_o be_v allow_v i_o think_v the_o phaenomenon_n can_v otherwise_o be_v fair_o illustrate_v but_o how_o this_o become_v a_o mineral_n water_n be_v from_o the_o mineral_n bass_n from_o which_o it_o spring_v against_o this_o hypothesis_n there_o remain_v yet_o one_o material_a objection_n viz._n if_o fountain_n have_v their_o rise_n from_o the_o sea_n how_o come_v it_o to_o pass_v that_o there_o be_v spring_n upon_o the_o top_n of_o mountain_n which_o be_v high_a than_o the_o sea_n since_o it_o be_v evident_a from_o hydrostatic_a experiment_n water_n will_v not_o natural_o rise_v above_o its_o level_n to_o this_o i_o answer_v in_o the_o first_o place_n it_o be_v no_o wise_a demonstrable_a that_o there_o be_v any_o mountain_n high_o than_o the_o high_a part_n of_o the_o ocean_n since_o it_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v a_o globe_n of_o equal_a magnitude_n with_o the_o earth_n second_o grant_v it_o be_v so_o yet_o it_o be_v probable_a those_o mountain_n lie_v in_o the_o middle_a region_n a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o aqueous_a particle_n may_v be_v imbibe_v by_o the_o earth_n to_o produce_v spring_n there_o and_o yet_o this_o particular_a instance_n do_v no_o way_n invalidate_v the_o general_a hypothesis_n in_o which_o be_v mean_v the_o generality_n of_o spring_n and_o not_o each_o particular_a fountain_n it_o be_v true_a subterraneous_a eruption_n of_o water_n especial_o after_o earthquake_n as_o at_o port-royal_a in_o jamaica_n and_o at_o kirby_n in_o furness_n in_o lancashire_n have_v happen_v which_o have_v drive_v down_o house_n and_o rock_n of_o that_o magnitude_n that_o many_o team_n of_o ox_n can_v not_o move_v by_o which_o it_o may_v be_v conclude_v there_o be_v a_o subterraneous_a abyss_n of_o water_n to_o this_o i_o say_v it_o be_v not_o certain_a whether_o these_o come_v from_o the_o ocean_n or_o from_o a_o abyss_n and_o shall_v not_o therefore_o pretend_v to_o determine_v it_o but_o shall_v proceed_v to_o what_o i_o next_o propose_v and_o that_o be_v to_o treat_v of_o mineral_n water_n in_o do_v of_o which_o i_o begin_v with_o those_o impregnate_v with_o vitriol_n the_o vitriol_n spring_n in_o the_o kennel-pit_n at_o haigh_n when_o i_o first_o try_v it_o yield_v a_o ounce_n of_o vitriol_n from_o a_o quart_n of_o water_n nay_o it_o be_v so_o high_o implete_v with_o vitriol_n that_o any_o common_a alkaly_n will_v raise_v a_o fermentation_n with_o it_o and_o cause_v a_o precipitation_n the_o vitriol_n it_o yield_v be_v white_a for_o the_o great_a part_n though_o there_o be_v some_o green_a mix_v with_o it_o it_o be_v not_o now_o of_o that_o strength_n several_a fresh_a spring_n have_v break_v in_o which_o yet_o may_v easy_o be_v divert_v of_o this_o the_o rev_n d_o dr._n wroe_n our_o warden_n have_v be_v 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germination_n of_o the_o pyrite_n in_o our_o chalybeat_a water_n as_o they_o be_v common_o call_v to_o be_v like_o that_o of_o mint_n in_o bottle_n of_o water_n i_o hope_v the_o dr._n will_v pardon_v my_o infidelity_n till_o he_o give_v i_o better_a ground_n for_o it_o at_o which_o he_o have_v not_o yet_o offer_v any_o far_a than_o a_o capricious_a ipse_fw-la dixit_fw-la adjacent_a to_o a_o place_n call_v humblesco-green_a in_o a_o small_a farm_n in_o maudsley_n be_v a_o spring_n impregnate_v with_o sulphur_n and_o a_o marine_a salt_n the_o water_n be_v extreme_o foetid_v tinge_v silver_n a_o copper_n colour_n by_o its_o sulphur_n in_o distillation_n a_o quart_n of_o water_n yield_v half_o a_o ounce_n of_o sulphur_n salt_n this_o spring_n no_o question_n will_v answer_v all_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o sulphur_n water_n near_o knaseborough_n in_o yorkshire_n either_o as_o
to_o bathe_v or_o drink_v and_o no_o doubt_n by_o the_o addition_n of_o rock_n salt_n may_v be_v make_v a_o advantageous_a salt-work_n have_v coal_n so_o convenient_a the_o salt_n at_o the_o first_o boil_v be_v brown_a and_o foetid_v but_o dissolve_v and_o evaporate_v again_o make_v as_o good_a a_o salt_n as_o any_o i_o have_v see_v it_o spring_v out_o of_o bass_n and_o have_v i_o presume_v from_o that_o its_o sulphureous_a and_o saline_a particle_n the_o various_a kind_n of_o bass_n i_o shall_v discourse_v of_o in_o their_o proper_a place_n and_o there_o show_v how_o they_o be_v impregnate_v with_o different_a principle_n there_o be_v other_o spring_n that_o arise_v out_o of_o bass_n and_o be_v sulphureous_a and_o saline_a yet_o different_a from_o the_o former_a as_o st._n anne_n and_o the_o hot_a bath_n at_o buxton_n in_o derbyshire_n here_o the_o water_n be_v sulphureous_a and_o saline_a yet_o not_o foetid_v but_o very_o palatable_a because_o in_o these_o water_n the_o sulphur_n be_v not_o unite_v with_o any_o vitriolic_a particle_n or_o but_o very_o few_o saline_n it_o tinge_v not_o silver_n nor_o be_v purgative_n by_o reason_n its_o saline_a part_n be_v dispense_v in_o such_o small_a proportion_n which_o saline_a particle_n make_v up_o a_o compound_n salt_n constitute_v of_o a_o marine_a salt_n and_o the_o shall_v catharticum_n amarum_fw-la which_o indeed_o be_v the_o nitrum_fw-la calcarium_fw-la that_o impregnate_v epsom_n northall_n dulech_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o purging-water_n in_o those_o part_n these_o water_n if_o drink_v create_v a_o good_a appetite_n open_a obstruction_n and_o no_o doubt_n if_o mix_v with_o the_o chalybeat_a water_n that_o be_v there_o may_v answer_v all_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o bath_n water_n in_o somersetshire_n and_o that_o of_o st._n vincent_n near_a bristol_n so_o note_v for_o cure_v the_o diabetes_n of_o which_o i_o have_v see_v several_a instance_n in_o these_o part_n and_o likewise_o for_o cure_v of_o bloody_a 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floyer_n of_o lichfield_n that_o for_o your_o further_a satisfaction_n i_o refer_v you_o to_o his_o elaborate_a piece_n and_o shall_v only_o abridge_v those_o case_n he_o recite_v these_o hot_a bath_n spring_v out_o of_o a_o bass_n not_o unlike_a marble_n and_o it_o be_v pleasant_a to_o see_v in_o what_o bubble_n the_o sulphureous_a halitus_fw-la break_v out_o of_o its_o matrix_fw-la and_o impregnate_v the_o water_n after_o our_o worthy_a author_n have_v give_v we_o a_o most_o exact_a account_n of_o perspiration_n from_o his_o own_o and_z sanctorius_n observation_n in_o right_o consider_v which_o consist_v the_o basis_n and_o usefulness_n of_o all_o bathe_a in_o the_o first_o place_n he_o enumerate_v the_o mischief_n of_o the_o hot_a bath_n in_o his_o 2_o d_o part_n p._n 2._o i_o observe_v say_v he_o that_o many_o person_n come_v to_o the_o hot_a bath_n at_o bath_n without_o any_o good_a advice_n or_o they_o who_o come_v with_o it_o use_v it_o indiscreet_o and_o imprudent_o manage_v their_o bathe_v by_o use_v it_o without_o any_o due_a evacuation_n or_o continue_v it_o too_o long_o that_o they_o go_v from_o thence_o worse_o than_o they_o come_v some_o have_v inflame_v their_o blood_n and_o thicken_v its_o serum_n so_o as_o to_o renew_v their_o rheumatic_a pain_n other_o die_v of_o fever_n consumption_n convulsion_n bleed_v and_o imposthume_n instance_n of_o these_o i_o have_v see_v in_o several_a in_o these_o part_n but_o this_o point_n dr._n pierce_n be_v please_v to_o touch_v as_o tender_o as_o a_o hypothesis_n about_o the_o water_n of_o which_o he_o seem_v afraid_a but_o will_v have_v we_o rest_v satisfy_v without_o ask_v question_n and_o bring_v the_o ingenuity_n of_o the_o most_o polite_a part_n to_o a_o equal_a level_n with_o the_o most_o unthinking_a animal_n for_o my_o part_n i_o shall_v not_o fear_v to_o deliver_v my_o sentiment_n since_o i_o have_v no_o other_o end_n in_o it_o than_o to_o inform_v the_o world_n in_o the_o phaenomena_n i_o observe_v in_o nature_n and_o if_o these_o be_v expose_v one_o self_n to_o be_v throw_v at_o like_o a_o shrovetide_n cock_n as_o he_o observe_v if_o i_o escape_v the_o terrible_a blow_n of_o be_v neck_v and_o survive_v the_o combat_n the_o comb_n shall_v be_v at_o his_o service_n these_o instance_n as_o he_o proceed_v may_v convince_v all_o consider_a person_n that_o we_o ought_v not_o to_o use_v hot_a bath_n for_o pleasure_n especial_o where_o there_o be_v a_o fullness_n of_o humour_n and_o a_o hot_a constitution_n and_o since_o the_o follow_a accident_n frequent_o happen_v upon_o bathe_v they_o will_v certain_o overbalance_n all_o the_o pleasure_n of_o it_o the_o inconvenience_n he_o reckon_v be_v profuse_a sweat_v and_o haemorrhage_n apoplexy_n sleepiness_n vertigo_n convulsion_n asthma_n debility_n of_o the_o sight_n swoon_a a_o general_a lassitude_n and_o dejection_n of_o the_o appetite_n torpor_n of_o the_o mind_n and_o effeminacy_n of_o the_o flesh_n pag._n 4._o my_o journey_n to_o buxton_n this_o last_o year_n discover_v to_o i_o a_o bath_n very_o different_a to_o that_o at_o bath_n it_o be_v a_o very_a temperate_a one_o produce_v no_o sweat_v after_o it_o but_o rather_o a_o coldness_n and_o upon_o a_o due_a consideration_n i_o find_v the_o bath_n very_o useful_a in_o many_o case_n in_o which_o that_o of_o bath_n do_v injury_n as_o in_o comsumption_n hot_a scorbutic_a pain_n and_o all_o defluxion_n of_o humour_n and_o bleeding_n and_o all_o hot_a inordinate_a flatulency_n of_o the_o animal_n spirit_n in_o hysteric_a and_o hypochondriac_a case_n the_o far_a particular_n may_v be_v see_v at_o large_a in_o his_o three_o chapter_n to_o which_o i_o refer_v you_o as_o likewise_o to_o his_o extract_n out_o of_o dr._n jones_n and_o the_o observation_n annex_v to_o his_o ingenious_a treatise_n before_o i_o close_o the_o discourse_n of_o this_o bath_n it_o may_v be_v inquire_v why_o the_o sulphur_n in_o one_o bath_n tinge_v silver_n a_o copper_n colour_n as_o that_o at_o knarseborough_n and_o maudsley_n why_o other_o of_o a_o golden_a or_o yellowish_a colour_n as_o those_o in_o somersetshire_n and_o why_o other_o impregnate_v with_o sulphur_n thing_fw-mi not_o at_o all_o to_o these_o i_o answer_v where_o sulphur_n tinge_v a_o copper_n colour_n it_o be_v from_o the_o addition_n of_o a_o vitriolic_a salt_n as_o be_v common_a to_o observe_v from_o the_o solution_n of_o sulphur_n and_o vitriol_n but_o where_o a_o golden_a colour_n ensue_v it_o be_v from_o a_o great_a proportion_n of_o mineral_n sulphur_n and_o but_o little_a of_o vitriol_n as_o in_o the_o sulphur_n auratum_fw-la of_o antimony_n and_o the_o golden_a pyrite_n but_o where_o they_o thing_fw-mi not_o at_o all_o it_o be_v from_o sulphur_n only_o as_o that_o at_o buxton_n which_o seem_v to_o arise_v out_o of_o a_o bassy_n marble_n the_o water_n we_o shall_v next_o consider_v be_v the_o acidulae_n or_o those_o common_o call_v chalybeat_n with_o which_o these_o county_n abound_v the_o most_o note_n be_v those_o near_a lantham_n wigan_n stockport_n burnley_n bolton_n plumpton_n middleton_n strangeway_n near_o manchester_n lancaster_n larbrick_n chorley_n and_o of_o these_o stockport_n be_v much_o the_o strong_a these_o water_n spring_v out_o at_o the_o bottom_n of_o a_o great_a rock_n in_o strength_n be_v much_o the_o same_o in_o winter_n as_o summer_n which_o be_v a_o conveniency_n very_o few_o in_o england_n beside_o they_o have_v these_o water_n give_v as_o deep_a a_o tincture_n with_o gall_n as_o any_o i_o ever_o see_v and_o where_o chalybeat_n be_v indicate_v exceed_v those_o of_o knarseborough_n and_o tunbridge_n they_o will_v in_o twentyfour_o hour_n by_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n become_v insipid_a and_o then_o yield_v no_o tincture_n these_o water_n lie_v very_a light_n not_o heavy_a upon_o the_o stomach_n which_o be_v a_o convenience_n the_o drinker_n of_o knarseborough_n and_o tunbridge_n have_v not_o these_o water_n be_v impregnate_v
shoot_v into_o any_o regular_a crystal_n have_v a_o smell_n much_o like_o that_o of_o natural_a balsam_n which_o to_o i_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o scarlet_a sulphur_n that_o precipitate_v in_o the_o water_n by_o expose_v it_o to_o the_o air_n this_o water_n have_v a_o vitriolate_a taste_n and_o with_o gall_n yield_v a_o tincture_n of_o a_o agate_n colour_n have_v be_v experiment_a in_o scorbutic_a case_n and_o answer_v the_o desire_a end_n the_o hanbridge_n water_n a_o small_a spring_n which_o lie_v betwixt_o burnley_n and_o townley_n yield_v a_o natron_n or_o natural_a alcali_n as_o those_o bourbon_n water_n in_o france_n cite_v by_o monsieur_n du-closs_n and_o another_o alcalious_a salt_n which_o like_o a_o terebinthinate_a or_o resinous_n body_n will_v melt_v with_o a_o small_a degree_n of_o heat_n it_o be_v plain_a the_o reason_n why_o this_o salt_n melt_v by_o heat_n be_v only_o from_o a_o volatile_a bitumen_n unite_v with_o it_o for_o the_o salt_n be_v long_o keep_v in_o a_o glass_n vial_n will_v not_o melt_v by_o any_o moderate_a degree_n of_o heat_n but_o be_v then_o pure_o alcalious_a the_o bitumen_n be_v whole_o evaporate_v as_o i_o find_v in_o my_o observation_n at_o townley_n this_o water_n at_o the_o fountain_n with_o gall_n yield_v a_o tincture_n incline_v to_o a_o faint_a orange_n if_o keep_v any_o considerable_a time_n in_o glass_n bottle_n a_o perfect_a citrine_n contain_v the_o great_a quantity_n of_o natron_n of_o any_o in_o these_o part_n purge_n by_o stool_n and_o urine_n and_o be_v of_o great_a use_n in_o the_o stone_n and_o scurvy_n as_o have_v be_v find_v by_o several_a person_n who_o in_o those_o case_n have_v try_v they_o with_o great_a success_n the_o water_n near_o emmet_n which_o be_v about_o two_o mile_n distant_a from_o those_o forementioned_a water_n be_v of_o a_o vitriolate_a taste_n and_o sulphureous_a smell_n which_o with_o a_o solution_n of_o sublimate_n yield_v a_o white_a precipitate_v which_o no_o other_o water_n in_o those_o part_n will_v do_v nor_o any_o in_o france_n as_o the_o french_a virtuoso_n have_v observe_v and_o indeed_o only_a those_o at_o spada_n in_o germany_n and_o if_o so_o it_o may_v be_v high_o worth_a our_o time_n by_o frequent_a and_o strict_a trial_n both_o in_o case_n in_o physic_n and_o experiment_n in_o chemistry_n to_o find_v out_o the_o principle_n and_o use_v of_o it_o which_o may_v perhaps_o save_v we_o the_o expense_n of_o a_o tedious_a fatigue_n to_o spada_n at_o the_o same_o time_n i_o see_v there_o a_o salt_n prepare_v from_o a_o water_n in_o yorkshire_n which_o have_v exact_o the_o smell_n of_o hipposelinum_n or_o horse-parsley_n a_o phaenomenon_n never_o yet_o observe_v in_o any_o salt_n before_o this_o smell_n proceed_v from_o a_o certain_a proportion_n of_o bituminous_a saline_a and_o terrene_a particle_n for_o what_o remain_v after_o evaporation_n be_v of_o a_o yellowish_a colour_n and_o contain_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o terrene_a matter_n but_o the_o salt_n when_o separate_v be_v perfect_a concoct_v vitriol_n dr._n lister_n may_v here_o again_o be_v satisfy_v of_o his_o error_n for_o not_o only_o the_o water_n in_o lancashire_n but_o those_o likewise_o in_o yorkshire_n contain_v perfect_a concoct_v vitriol_n nay_o in_o the_o same_o coal-mine_n near_o burnley_n there_o be_v spring_n of_o perfect_a vitriol_n and_o under_o these_o other_o that_o contain_v natron_n or_o egyptian_a nitre_n as_o the_o abovementioned_a ingenious_a gentleman_n full_o demonstrate_v to_o i_o when_o i_o be_v last_o there_o another_o salt_n the_o say_a richard_n townley_n of_o townley_n esq_n show_v i_o which_o be_v perfect_a salt-petre_a prepare_v from_o a_o very_a rapid_a spring_n a_o gallon_n of_o which_o contain_v half_o a_o ounce_n of_o this_o salt_n which_o upon_o chrystallization_n shoot_v like_o salt-petre_a from_o india_n into_o long_a striae_fw-la and_o fulminate_v with_o sulphur_n this_o salt_n he_o have_v from_o a_o gentleman_n that_o discover_v the_o spring_n but_o at_o present_a conceal_v the_o place_n so_o that_o what_o myself_o and_o other_o have_v allege_v in_o affirm_v no_o water_n in_o england_n to_o contain_v salt-petre_a be_v erroneous_a let_v other_o retract_v when_o they_o think_v convenient_a for_o my_o part_n i_o fair_o own_o my_o error_n and_o from_o repeat_v observation_n can_v positive_o affirm_v there_o be_v no_o marine_a salt_n but_o what_o contain_v more_o or_o less_o of_o indian_a nitre_n but_o the_o proportion_n be_v so_o small_a and_o the_o method_n of_o prepare_v it_o so_o tedious_a it_o will_v not_o be_v of_o any_o far_a use_n than_o to_o satisfy_v the_o curious_a enquirer_n but_o the_o advantage_n that_o may_v accrue_v from_o the_o before_o recite_v spring_n may_v for_o aught_o i_o know_v be_v one_o of_o the_o great_a treasure_n as_o well_o as_o secret_n in_o nature_n the_o next_o mineral-water_n i_o shall_v consider_v be_v those_o spring_v out_o of_o bass_n and_o sulphureous_a only_o of_o these_o the_o most_o note_a be_v one_o near_o a_o place_n call_v inglewhite_n this_o spring_n out_o of_o a_o black_a bass_n which_o by_o calcination_n i_o find_v to_o contain_v sulphur_n the_o water_n have_v a_o very_a sulphureous_a smell_n as_o strong_a as_o that_o near_a harrigate_n in_o yorkshire_n but_o contain_v little_a or_o no_o salt_n which_o be_v the_o reason_n it_o be_v not_o purgative_n like_o that_o but_o by_o add_v the_o like_a proportion_n of_o common_a salt_n to_o it_o viz._n about_o a_o dram_n to_o a_o pint_n of_o water_n that_o inconvenience_n be_v remedy_v and_o then_o you_o have_v either_o sulphureous_a bath_n or_o purge_v water_n for_o my_o part_n i_o shall_v rather_o choose_v to_o add_v the_o bitter_a purge_a salt_n as_o be_v most_o agreeable_a have_v now_o examine_v all_o the_o various_a water_n spring_v out_o of_o bass_n we_o proceed_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o give_v account_n of_o saline_a sulphureous_a water_n arise_v out_o of_o other_o mineral_n and_o i_o shall_v begin_v first_o with_o the_o sulphur_n water_n near_o wigan_n call_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o that_o place_n the_o burning-well_a this_o be_v a_o very_a divert_v phaenomenon_n and_o for_o its_o rarity_n be_v visit_v by_o most_o person_n who_o curiosity_n lead_v they_o to_o natural_a inquiry_n it_o be_v about_o two_o mile_n from_o wigan_n in_o a_o village_n call_v aucliff_n in_o the_o ground_n of_o william_n mollineux_n of_o that_o place_n esq._n the_o well_o be_v at_o the_o bottom_n of_o a_o tree_n the_o water_n cold_a and_o without_o any_o smell_n when_o any_o person_n come_v to_o see_v it_o a_o man_n clear_v the_o well_o from_o all_o its_o water_n that_o do_v you_o will_v immediate_o hear_v a_o hiss_a noise_n in_o a_o corner_n of_o it_o and_o by_o hold_v a_o light_a candle_n near_o to_o it_o the_o sulphureous_a halitus_fw-la immediate_o take_v fire_n and_o afterward_o spread_v itself_o upon_o what_o water_n have_v issue_v in_o and_o it_o be_v only_o then_o indeed_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v call_v the_o burning-well_a it_o be_v observable_a though_o this_o sulphureous_a halitus_fw-la continual_o mix_v with_o water_n yet_o the_o water_n continue_v cold_a nor_o will_v it_o thing_fw-mi silver_n wherefore_o i_o imagine_v this_o halitus_fw-la be_v pure_o sulphureous_a consist_v only_o of_o oily_a inflammable_a particle_n without_o any_o mixture_n of_o vitriol_n or_o if_o any_o but_o inconsiderable_a and_o it_o be_v reasonable_a to_o suppose_v this_o kind_n of_o sulphur_n to_o impregnate_n the_o bath_n at_o buxton_n it_o be_v plain_a from_o these_o and_o the_o sulphur_n wells_n at_o maudsley_n and_o those_o at_o harrigate_n in_o yorkshire_n which_o be_v all_o sulphureous_a and_o yet_o all_o cold_a water_n that_o it_o be_v only_o by_o accident_n that_o sulphur_n water_n become_v hot_a viz._n by_o collision_n of_o the_o sulphureous_a particle_n when_o in_o the_o spiracle_n of_o the_o earth_n they_o have_v not_o a_o free_a open_a passage_n they_o beat_v and_o dash_v one_o upon_o another_o and_o by_o that_o collision_n grow_v hot_a as_o we_o may_v observe_v in_o the_o rub_n of_o the_o phosphorus_n which_o immediate_o take_v fire_n likewise_o in_o new_a hay_n and_o in_o wheel_n take_v fire_n by_o motion_n only_o for_o to_o imagine_v the_o heat_n of_o the_o bath_n to_o proceed_v from_o fermentation_n in_o the_o water_n or_o from_o subterraneous_a fire_n be_v no_o wise_a consistent_a with_o experience_n which_o after_o all_o our_o hypothesis_n must_v be_v the_o true_a touchstone_n of_o our_o reason_n the_o forego_v instance_n may_v convince_v the_o world_n that_o sulphureous_a particle_n grow_v hot_a without_o ignition_n and_o that_o there_o be_v sulphureous_a particle_n in_o all_o hot_a bath_n be_v abundant_o demonstrate_v but_o for_o a_o far_a illustration_n of_o this_o hypothesis_n take_v this_o follow_a experiment_n let_v some_o brimstone_n be_v set_v on_o fire_n in_o a_o glass_n body_n immediate_o upon_o its_o take_a flame_n stop_v
the_o mouth_n of_o the_o glass_n and_o the_o flame_n expire_v yet_o by_o the_o sulphureous_a fume_n dash_v upon_o each_o other_o the_o side_n of_o the_o glass_n wax_v warm_a a_o certain_a signal_n this_o must_v needs_o be_v that_o where_o sulphureous_a particle_n be_v deny_v a_o passage_n or_o where_o they_o force_v their_o way_n through_o uneven_a sinuosity_n by_o beat_v upon_o and_o encounter_v one_o another_o a_o heat_n must_v be_v produce_v as_o be_v apparent_a by_o the_o sunbeam_n in_o convex_a glass_n and_o this_o be_v far_o confirm_v by_o the_o learned_a dr._n browne_n in_o his_o treatise_n of_o the_o mine_n in_o hungary_n in_o some_o place_n of_o the_o same_o mine_n it_o be_v extreme_o cold_a in_o other_o so_o intense_o hot_a that_o though_o his_o clothes_n be_v never_o so_o thin_a the_o heat_n will_v be_v troublesome_a to_o he_o the_o miner_n work_v all_o naked_a and_o eight_o hour_n be_v as_o much_o as_o most_o can_v endure_v the_o heat_n in_o these_o water_n can_v arise_v from_o fermentation_n because_o no_o fermentation_n can_v be_v discover_v in_o they_o nor_o by_o any_o experiment_n either_o in_o distillation_n precipitation_n or_o any_o other_o method_n can_v i_o ever_o observe_v such_o a_o contrariety_n of_o matter_n in_o they_o that_o one_o part_n will_v ferment_n upon_o another_o so_o as_o to_o cause_v any_o sensible_a heat_n from_o subterraneous_a fire_n they_o can_v proceed_v because_o in_o these_o part_v such_o be_v never_o know_v or_o be_v there_o any_o can_v not_o but_o discover_v themselves_o since_o no_o fire_n will_v burn_v without_o admission_n of_o air_n and_o there_o must_v likewise_o be_v flue_n and_o chasm_n whence_o they_o vent_v their_o smoke_n and_o feculent_a part_n but_o since_o none_o of_o these_o be_v ever_o disclose_v in_o these_o part_n it_o be_v not_o probable_a the_o bath_n shall_v grow_v hot_a by_o any_o such_o cause_n and_o when_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o bath_n may_v be_v sufficient_o explain_v by_o the_o collision_n of_o sulphureous_a particle_n what_o necessity_n be_v there_o we_o shall_v have_v recourse_n to_o any_o such_o unwarrantable_a hypothesis_n as_o a_o fermentation_n in_o the_o water_n or_o to_o subterraneous_a fire_n those_o two_o notion_n be_v late_o espouse_v by_o dr._n guidot_n and_o dr._n pierce_n of_o bath_n but_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o think_v those_o gentleman_n rather_o fancy_v than_o observe_v the_o phaenomena_n of_o nature_n for_o i_o be_o very_a well_o satisfy_v have_v they_o make_v strict_a inquiry_n into_o those_o water_n they_o will_v never_o have_v trouble_v the_o world_n with_o such_o chimerical_a hypothesis_n dr._n pierce_v indeed_o do_v not_o much_o trouble_v himself_o or_o the_o world_n with_o any_o scrutiny_n into_o the_o content_n of_o the_o bath_n or_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o heat_n of_o they_o but_o only_o give_v you_o a_o instance_n from_o savoy_n which_o be_v as_o remote_a as_o that_o place_n to_o his_o undertake_n and_o as_o for_o dr._n guidot_n he_o be_v so_o inconsistent_a with_o himself_o that_o unless_o he_o have_v the_o art_n of_o reconcile_a contradiction_n i_o be_o sure_a his_o thermae_n britannicae_n be_v not_o to_o be_v account_v for_o i_o do_v not_o speak_v this_o as_o any_o wise_a arrogate_a a_o great_a genius_n to_o myself_o or_o to_o lessen_v those_o worthy_a person_n but_o only_o from_o the_o phaenomena_n i_o have_v observe_v in_o nature_n and_o if_o they_o please_v to_o do_v the_o same_o i_o despair_v not_o of_o their_o pardon_n have_v now_o do_v with_o the_o sulphureous_a saline_a water_n in_o the_o next_o place_n i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o treat_v of_o saline_a one_o only_o as_o those_o at_o northwich_n namptwich_n middlewich_n dunham_n in_o cheshire_n and_o barton_n in_o lancashire_n various_a have_v be_v the_o notion_n concern_v the_o rise_n of_o these_o spring_n some_o imagine_v they_o proceed_v from_o the_o sea_n other_o from_o subterraneous_a rock_n of_o salt_n which_o have_v of_o late_a year_n be_v discover_v and_o first_o make_v useful_a by_o myself_o in_o refine_n that_o rock_n to_o a_o white_a granulated_a salt_n which_o be_v now_o practise_v in_o many_o place_n these_o spring_n sometime_o break_v out_o in_o the_o rock_n but_o often_o either_o above_n or_o under_o it_o some_o of_o they_o in_o a_o quart_n of_o water_n contain_v about_o seven_o or_o eight_o ounce_n of_o salt_n whence_o its_o plain_a that_o quatenus_fw-la salt-spring_n they_o proceed_v not_o from_o the_o sea_n because_o a_o quart_n of_o the_o best_a of_o that_o water_n afford_v seldom_o above_o a_o ounce_n and_o half_n of_o salt_n some_o of_o these_o spring_n will_v thing_fw-mi with_o gall_n but_o most_o refuse_v it_o whence_o its_o plain_a dr._n lister_n in_o his_o usual_a manner_n be_v much_o mistake_v in_o force_v the_o pyrite_n upon_o we_o it_o be_v true_a from_o the_o sulphureous_a smell_n that_o may_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o fermentation_n betwixt_o this_o salt_n and_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n that_o there_o be_v a_o sulphur_n contain_v in_o the_o salt_n but_o that_o no_o wise_a warrant_n a_o pyrite_n since_o that_o be_v a_o aggregate_v of_o different_a principle_n viz._n ochre_n and_o vitriol_n beside_o sulphur_n which_o body_n by_o the_o dr_n own_o confession_n salt_n do_v not_o contain_v which_o be_v the_o only_a true_a notion_n he_o lay_v down_o about_o those_o water_n and_o that_o he_o may_v assume_v as_o a_o observation_n of_o his_o own_o it_o be_v likewise_o observable_a that_o the_o salt_n make_v from_o the_o brine-spring_n and_o the_o rock-salt_n dissolve_v in_o fresh_a water_n that_o these_o salt_n will_v shoot_v into_o different_a figure_n whence_o it_o be_v evident_a the_o brine-spring_n proceed_v not_o from_o the_o rock_n of_o salt_n that_o be_v discover_v but_o from_o rock_n of_o salt_n that_o lie_v deep_o in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n beside_o in_o different_a spring_n i_o have_v observe_v the_o figure_n of_o the_o salt_n to_o differ_v as_o some_o in_o middlewich_n from_o those_o at_o northwich_n where_o by_o chrystallization_n they_o shoot_v into_o quite_o contrary_a figure_n so_o that_o the_o sal_fw-la mediterraneum_fw-la as_o the_o dr._n style_v it_o be_v like_a to_o lose_v its_o character_n nay_o rock-salt_n itself_o will_v never_o shoot_v into_o any_o regular_a figure_n at_o all_o whence_o it_o may_v be_v aver_v these_o salt-spring_n have_v not_o their_o saltness_n from_o any_o subterraneous_a rock_n of_o salt_n yet_o know_v it_o follow_v therefore_o if_o they_o be_v not_o saturate_v either_o from_o the_o sea_n or_o from_o subterraneous_a rock_n of_o salt_n we_o may_v then_o form_v another_o hypothesis_n and_o conclude_v they_o to_o arise_v from_o aerial_a saline_a particle_n impregnate_v a_o proper_a bass_n and_o so_o by_o various_a solution_n and_o impregnation_n keep_v a_o continual_a circulation_n and_o so_o constant_o supply_v we_o and_o what_o chief_o give_v umbrage_n to_o this_o be_v the_o renascence_n of_o marine_a salt_n which_o be_v so_o prodigious_o make_v out_o by_o untzerus_n in_o his_o account_n of_o those_o mountain_n of_o salt_n that_o supply_n russia_n persia_n mesopotamia_n media_n and_o those_o vast_a country_n which_o as_o he_o affirm_v every_o year_n vegetate_n and_o the_o place_n whence_o the_o salt_n be_v dig_v be_v the_o year_n follow_v as_o full_a of_o salt_n as_o before_o phaenomena_n like_v to_o this_o may_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o vitriol-stone_n near_o hesse-cassel_n and_o in_o those_o iron-mine_n belong_v to_o the_o duke_n of_o florence_n as_o be_v relate_v by_o fallopius_n beside_o the_o marine_a salt_n these_o spring_n do_v likewise_o contain_v the_o nitrum_fw-la calcarium_fw-la its_o observable_a the_o salt_n of_o some_o of_o these_o spring_n will_v not_o easy_o precipitate_v but_o a_o little_a alum_n and_o fresh_a butter_n will_v effect_v it_o and_o then_o it_o make_v a_o large_a grain_n and_o strong_a salt_n than_o any_o of_o the_o rest_n in_o the_o evaporation_n of_o these_o salt_n there_o be_v likewise_o observe_v a_o white_a sand_n which_o be_v throw_v to_o the_o corner_n of_o the_o pan_n and_o this_o by_o frequent_a evaporation_n and_o filtration_n i_o find_v to_o be_v the_o particle_n of_o the_o bass_n out_o of_o which_o these_o salt-spring_n arise_v the_o most_o note_a purging-water_n in_o these_o part_n be_v those_o in_o a_o village_n call_v rougham_n adjacent_a to_o the_o remarkable_a sand_n which_o be_v the_o great_a road_n into_o furnace_n nine_o mile_n in_o breadth_n and_o at_o each_o springtide_n entire_o cover_v with_o water_n these_o in_o calm_a wether_n afford_v we_o very_o pleasant_a travel_v but_o in_o tempestuous_a season_n no_o less_o dismal_a than_o we_o can_v suppose_v the_o wild_a desert_n of_o arabia_n from_o the_o bottom_n of_o a_o high_a rock_n near_o these_o the_o water_n issue_v forth_o in_o a_o very_a plentiful_a current_n it_o be_v a_o little_a brackish_a take_v inward_o it_o purge_v both_o by_o urine_n
and_o stool_n and_o no_o doubt_n by_o a_o due_a preparation_n of_o the_o body_n they_o become_v of_o extraordinary_a use_n in_o the_o scurvy_a worm_n crude_a digestion_n and_o distemper_n of_o that_o nature_n the_o water_n by_o evaporation_n at_o the_o last_o become_v lixivial_a and_o be_v then_o extreme_o brackish_a as_o the_o water_n evaporate_v there_o successive_o arise_v film_n at_o first_o radish_n and_o afterward_o of_o a_o grey_a colour_n these_o film_n will_v ferment_n with_o any_o acid_n and_o contain_v a_o little_a of_o a_o natural_a alcalious_a salt_n which_o i_o take_v to_o be_v the_o natron_n of_o the_o ancient_n the_o salt_n which_o remain_v after_o evaporation_n seem_v to_o be_v a_o marine_a but_o by_o frequent_a filtration_n and_o crystallization_n i_o find_v it_o likewise_o contain_v a_o bitter_a purge_a salt_n which_o be_v true_o dr._n lister_n nitrum_fw-la calcarium_fw-la and_o be_v that_o purge_a salt_n which_o impregnate_v epsom_n dullech_n northall_n and_o other_o purge_a water_n in_o england_n as_o be_v hint_v above_o beside_o the_o salt_n there_o likewise_o remain_v a_o greyish_a earth_n which_o will_v ferment_n with_o any_o acid._n when_o the_o water_n be_v evaporate_v to_o a_o lixivial_a colour_n if_o you_o then_o drop_v spirit_n of_o hartshorn_n into_o it_o it_o immediate_o make_v a_o coagulum_fw-la and_o precipitate_v which_o phaenomenon_n be_v only_o observable_a in_o those_o water_n that_o contain_v the_o shall_v catharticum_n amarum_fw-la which_o demonstrate_v that_o salt_n likewise_o to_o contain_v a_o natural_a acid_n and_o if_o in_o the_o like_a water_n you_o drop_v any_o acid_a spirit_n as_o that_o of_o sulphur_n and_o vitriol_n you_o will_v then_o perceive_v a_o very_a sulphureous_a smell_n from_o these_o it_o be_v plain_a these_o water_n contain_v three_o different_a sort_n of_o salt_n as_o the_o natron_n the_o marine_a and_o the_o shall_v catharticum_n amarum_fw-la likewise_o two_o sort_n of_o lapis_fw-la scissilis_fw-la either_o of_o which_o will_v ferment_n with_o a_o acid_n and_o sulphur_n too_o from_o a_o mixture_n of_o such_o principle_n as_o these_o what_o effect_n may_v not_o be_v hope_v for_o in_o scrofulous_a and_o leprous_a person_n and_o other_o distemper_n of_o that_o nature_n nay_o i_o have_v be_v assure_v by_o some_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n there_o that_o some_o person_n by_o drink_v these_o water_n have_v be_v recover_v from_o periodical_a epilepsy_n but_o again_o i_o say_v the_o body_n ought_v to_o be_v right_o prepare_v before_o the_o drink_n of_o they_o and_o that_o consumptive_a person_n ought_v not_o to_o meddle_v with_o they_o at_o least_o very_o spare_o some_o person_n by_o drink_v of_o these_o have_v be_v free_v from_o the_o jaundice_n other_o from_o quartan_a ague_n and_o in_o the_o pica_n virgin_n if_o the_o patient_n be_v not_o emaciate_v you_o may_v reckon_v it_o a_o specific_a by_o drink_v of_o these_o prodigious_a worm_n as_o the_o cucurbitae_fw-la the_o ascaride_n and_o bunch_n of_o worm_n have_v frequent_o be_v void_v and_o i_o do_v not_o think_v in_o that_o distemper_n the_o like_a to_o these_o be_v to_o be_v have_v there_o be_v other_o purging-water_n which_o arise_v out_o of_o a_o morass_n in_o a_o village_n call_v witherslack_n these_o water_n contain_v a_o marine_a and_o a_o bitter_a purge_a salt_n but_o be_v inferior_a to_o the_o former_a there_o be_v another_o purge_a water_n which_o spring_v out_o of_o the_o sand_n near_o a_o place_n call_v mine-end_a which_o be_v the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n wire_n this_o no_o doubt_n be_v the_o sea-water_n which_o filter_n through_o the_o sand_n but_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o shortness_n of_o the_o filtration_n the_o spring_n lie_v so_o near_o the_o river_n or_o the_o looseness_n of_o the_o sand_n the_o marine_a water_n be_v not_o perfect_o dulcify_v but_o retain_v a_o please_a brackishness_n not_o unlike_o that_o which_o be_v observable_a in_o the_o milk_n of_o a_o farrow_n cow_n or_o one_o that_o have_v conceive_a this_o water_n purge_v a_o little_a but_o be_v much_o inferior_a to_o either_o of_o the_o other_o these_o water_n give_v no_o tincture_n with_o gall_n though_o dr._n lister_n violent_o affirm_v all_o saline_a spring_n will_v do_v it_o these_o be_v the_o most_o note_a purging-water_n that_o i_o have_v see_v in_o these_o part_n i_o shall_v therefore_o in_o the_o next_o place_n proceed_v to_o those_o which_o may_v be_v rank_v among_o the_o acidulae_n but_o do_v likewise_o contain_v natron_n and_o those_o be_v the_o water_n near_o burnley_n and_o emmett_n which_o be_v first_o discover_v to_o i_o by_o that_o most_o learned_a and_o accomplish_v gentleman_n richard_n townley_n of_o townley_n esq_n the_o like_a to_o these_o mons._n du_fw-fr clos_n affirm_v be_v in_o several_a place_n in_o france_n for_o a_o full_a account_n of_o which_o i_o refer_v the_o reader_n to_o that_o ingenious_a author_n from_o the_o experiment_n make_v by_o the_o royal_a academy_n in_o paris_n in_o the_o bourbon-water_n and_o the_o parallel_a observation_n those_o in_o these_o part_n entertain_v we_o with_o we_o may_v make_v a_o probable_a conjecture_n of_o their_o principle_n and_o i_o think_v may_v safe_o affirm_v that_o in_o the_o case_n where_o those_o be_v proper_a these_o as_o a_o most_o natural_a succedaneum_n may_v be_v make_v use_n of_o and_o will_v i_o question_v not_o answer_v what_o intention_n may_v be_v expect_v from_o the_o former_a these_o water_n with_o gall_n give_v a_o citrine_n tincture_n and_o the_o gall_n immediate_o precipitate_v in_o white_a perpendicular_a line_n but_o you_o must_v note_v these_o experiment_n be_v make_v in_o the_o water_n remote_a from_o the_o fountain_n i_o evaporate_v several_a quart_n of_o the_o water_n and_o towards_o the_o latter_a end_n find_v it_o to_o have_v a_o little_a of_o a_o lixivial_a taste_n after_o the_o surface_n be_v cover_v with_o a_o thin_a greyish_a film_n this_o film_n consist_v of_o saline_n alcalious_a and_o terrene_a particle_n and_o will_v make_v a_o brisk_a fermentation_n with_o any_o acid_n afterward_o the_o salt_n rise_v in_o perpendicular_a line_n upon_o the_o side_n of_o the_o retort_n the_o like_a phaenomenon_n i_o observe_v in_o evaporate_n the_o water_n that_o come_v from_o nitria_n in_o egypt_n and_o the_o like_a may_v be_v observe_v in_o evaporation_n of_o other_o alcalious_a salt_n after_o the_o water_n be_v whole_o evaporate_v there_o stick_v to_o the_o side_n of_o the_o retort_n a_o greyish_a matter_n of_o a_o very_a lixivial_a taste_n and_o will_v ferment_n with_o any_o acid._n by_o filtration_n the_o earth_n be_v easy_o separate_v from_o the_o salt_n and_o then_o you_o have_v a_o natural_a alcalious_a salt_n the_o true_a natron_n of_o the_o ancient_n as_o be_v manifest_a from_o those_o specimen_n of_o egyptian_a nitre_n bring_v from_o nitria_n to_o the_o musaeum_fw-la at_o oxford_n by_o the_o learned_a dr._n h._n and_o likewise_o by_o the_o description_n of_o natron_n 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bury_n and_o another_o by_o the_o side_n of_o a_o rivulet_n near_o manchester_n these_o water_n superficial_o incrustate_n as_o the_o chemist_n call_v it_o stratum_fw-la super_fw-la stratum_fw-la be_v of_o a_o austere_a taste_n like_o those_o in_o yorkshire_n in_o evaporation_n they_o yield_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o a_o greyish_a earth_n that_o will_v ferment_n with_o a_o acid_n and_o some_o little_a proportion_n of_o salt_n by_o these_o phaenomena_n i_o do_v conjecture_v the_o terrene_a particle_n be_v dissolve_v in_o minimis_fw-la by_o the_o natural_a acid_n or_o as_o helmont_n call_v it_o the_o esurine_a spirit_n and_o when_o on_o the_o surface_n of_o any_o body_n they_o be_v unite_v they_o form_v these_o incrustation_n i_o be_o the_o far_o confirm_v in_o this_o hypothesis_n because_o i_o have_v observe_v petrefaction_n where_o only_o there_o can_v be_v a_o acid_n halitus_fw-la as_o in_o several_a plant_n and_o root_n adjacent_a to_o the_o petrefy_a water_n near_o knarseborough_n these_o
those_o luxuriant_a spring_n of_o acidulae_n that_o it_o will_v be_v impossible_a ever_o to_o make_v they_o serviceable_a if_o they_o lay_v not_o in_o this_o shelve_v posture_n for_o do_v they_o lie_v in_o a_o horizontal_n plane_n they_o will_v most_o common_o not_o be_v find_v under_o some_o hundred_o fathom_n and_o then_o the_o quantity_n of_o water_n will_v be_v too_o great_a for_o any_o engine_n to_o discharge_v it_o be_v therefore_o no_o doubt_n the_o wonderful_a providence_n of_o the_o almighty_a at_o the_o universal_a deluge_n in_o the_o disruption_n of_o the_o earth_n that_o as_o the_o psalmist_n term_v it_o they_o start_v aside_o like_o a_o break_a bow_n to_o remain_v as_o everlasting_a monument_n of_o his_o power_n as_o well_o as_o kindness_n to_o mankind_n and_o a_o far_a argument_n of_o his_o infinite_a goodness_n be_v that_o they_o be_v most_o common_o find_v in_o cold_a clime_n and_o not_o in_o those_o region_n where_o they_o have_v a_o more_o kindly_a influence_n of_o the_o sun_n to_o pretend_v to_o solve_v the_o posture_n of_o these_o in_o so_o great_a a_o confusion_n as_o be_v at_o the_o deluge_n by_o specific_a gravity_n be_v i_o think_v but_o to_o trifle_v in_o term_n for_o mechanical_o to_o account_v for_o these_o wonderful_a phaenomena_n will_v be_v a_o undertake_n equal_a to_o that_o genius_n who_o so_o easy_o discover_v a_o pacing-saddle_n or_o preserve_v antiphthisical_a air_n in_o bottle_n bring_v from_o montpellier_n in_o these_o mine_n it_o be_v plain_a no_o specific_a gravitation_n be_v observe_v for_o coal_n strata_n of_o marle_n coal_n slat_z in_o all_o the_o mine_n i_o have_v see_v always_o lie_v promiscuous_o for_o sometime_o you_o come_v to_o a_o stratum_fw-la of_o marle_n afterward_o to_o a_o stratum_fw-la of_o freestone_n ironstone_n or_o the_o pyrite_n then_o to_o a_o coal_n or_o kennel-mine_a then_o to_o a_o stratum_fw-la of_o several_a kind_n again_o and_o then_o to_o coal_n or_o kennel_n again_o and_o sometime_o to_o coal_n above_o they_o all_o from_o which_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o in_o their_o subsidence_n they_o be_v not_o determine_v to_o any_o specific_a gravitation_n but_o as_o dr._n more_o term_n it_o be_v sole_o govern_v by_o a_o hylarchic_a spirit_n these_o thing_n premise_v i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o the_o phaenomena_n frequent_o observe_v in_o they_o as_o the_o constituent_a principle_n of_o coal_n their_o mineral_n water_n damp_n and_o pyrite_n coal_n may_v be_v say_v to_o consist_v of_o bitumen_n or_o sulphureous_a part_n vitriolic_a and_o ferruginous_a sometime_o interlard_v with_o a_o mixture_n of_o ochre_n and_o terrence_n part_n the_o sulphureous_a particle_n be_v easy_o distinguishable_a by_o their_o burn_a viz._n by_o their_o smell_n and_o the_o azure_a colour_n of_o the_o flame_n the_o vitriolic_a part_n be_v prove_v two_o way_n first_o i_o have_v sometime_o see_v native_a vitriol_n in_o these_o mine_n second_o by_o distillation_n as_o more_o particular_o in_o the_o kennel_n near_o haigh_n from_o which_o by_o distillation_n in_o a_o retort_n will_v come_v over_o a_o very_a austere_a vitriolic_a water_n beside_o the_o spring_n that_o issue_n out_o of_o these_o do_v sometime_o afford_v we_o quantity_n of_o vitriol_n as_o i_o have_v before_o remark_v their_o ferruginous_a particle_n be_v discover_v in_o the_o cinder_n by_o their_o adhesion_n to_o the_o magnet_n which_o i_o take_v to_o be_v a_o pathognomonical_a symptom_n of_o iron_n in_o that_o case_n though_o dr._n lister_n be_v please_v to_o style_v it_o one_o of_o the_o pyrite_n but_o when_o the_o dr._n be_v frame_v a_o hypothesis_n he_o be_v no_o slave_n to_o his_o sense_n and_o by_o the_o same_o parity_n of_o reason_n he_o may_v put_v forth_o comment_n upon_o transubstantiation_n ocres_n frequent_o adhere_v to_o coal_n as_o do_v the_o bass_n and_o terrene_a part_n as_o to_o the_o pyrite_n that_o darling_n proteus_n of_o the_o dr._n which_o at_o a_o dead-lift_a help_v he_o to_o a_o solution_n of_o any_o phaenomenon_n and_o which_o have_v give_v he_o the_o character_n of_o a_o profound_a naturalist_n among_o several_a person_n perhaps_o because_o they_o be_v incapable_a to_o apprehend_v he_o nor_o indeed_o can_v i_o think_v he_o apprehend_v or_o believe_v himself_o those_o assertion_n he_o lay_v down_o concern_v this_o pythagorical_a gentleman_n the_o pyrite_n this_o pyrite_n be_v frequent_o find_v betwixt_o the_o lamellae_n of_o the_o coal_n and_o sometime_o in_o fissure_n and_o strata_n these_o by_o their_o configuration_n to_o the_o receptacle_n in_o which_o they_o be_v disclose_v appear_v to_o have_v once_o be_v fluid_a i_o have_v see_v some_o cubical_a other_o in_o pentagon_n and_o some_o roll_v up_o in_o magdalon_n and_o striate_v like_o cockle-shell_n in_o line_n exact_o like_o those_o a_o collection_n of_o these_o i_o have_v by_o i_o and_o design_v they_o for_o the_o musaeum_fw-la at_o oxford_n other_o i_o have_v see_v in_o the_o shape_n of_o the_o pectinites_n the_o pyrite_n consist_v of_o sulphur_n vitriol_n ochre_n metallick_n part_n as_o iron_n copper_n etc._n etc._n of_o this_o there_o be_v various_a sort_n as_o the_o aureus_n argenteus_n ferreus_fw-la cupreus_fw-la the_o sulphur_n be_v distinguishable_a in_o it_o by_o the_o detonation_n it_o make_v with_o nitre_n as_o likewise_o by_o the_o sulphureous_a smell_n which_o by_o collision_n may_v be_v observe_v in_o it_o the_o vitriol_n be_v know_v by_o its_o germination_n which_o it_o frequent_o emit_v expose_v in_o the_o air._n the_o ochre_n and_o metallick_n part_n be_v discover_v by_o calcination_n and_o fusion_n and_o of_o these_o i_o have_v see_v several_a essay_n these_o be_v the_o most_o note_a phaenomena_n i_o can_v ever_o observe_v in_o this_o minion_n of_o dr._n lister_n but_o if_o he_o will_v have_v great_a matter_n credit_v of_o it_o he_o sure_o write_v not_o what_o he_o have_v see_v but_o what_o he_o fancy_n let_v he_o first_o oblige_v the_o world_n with_o more_o ample_a and_o convince_a discovery_n of_o its_o merit_n otherwise_o why_o shall_v we_o attribute_n to_o it_o more_o than_o its_o value_n it_o may_v be_v free_o say_v of_o this_o as_o of_o most_o of_o the_o dr_n notion_n all_o be_v not_o gold_n that_o glister_v sparr_n there_o be_v of_o several_a sort_n but_o the_o most_o note_a may_v be_v reduce_v to_o these_o class_n the_o rhomboidal_a pellucid_n spar_n the_o sapphirine_n rhomboidal_a or_o azure_a spar_n the_o opace_fw-la azurine_n spar_n the_o alabastrites_n and_o the_o stalactite_n the_o pellucid_a irregular_a spar_n the_o diamond_n spar_n so_o denominate_v from_o its_o figure_n these_o all_o will_v run_v and_o be_v common_o make_v use_n of_o by_o the_o miner_n to_o run_v down_o their_o oar_n these_o be_v a_o composition_n of_o vitriolic_a salt_n sulphur_n and_o terrene_a particle_n the_o sulphur_n be_v discernible_a by_o calcination_n as_o be_v likewise_o the_o saline_n and_o terrene_a particle_n which_o be_v very_o austere_a and_o like_o a_o bowl_n will_v adhere_v to_o the_o tongue_n the_o rhomboidal_a spar_n be_v frequent_o find_v in_o the_o mine_n in_o derbyshire_n and_o be_v constitute_v with_o various_a lamellae_n which_o be_v all_o rhomboidal_a which_o figure_n no_o doubt_n proceed_v from_o a_o particular_a mixture_n of_o saline_n and_o terrene_a part_n sometime_o i_o have_v see_v sparr_n consist_v of_o various_a parallellogram_n these_o be_v pellucid_a like_o diamond_n and_o will_v cut_v glass_n and_o be_v frequent_o find_v in_o molehill_n at_o downham_n in_o lancashire_n these_o be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v by_o digging_z as_o i_o have_v be_v inform_v by_o several_a of_o the_o neighbour_a inhabitant_n from_o what_o depth_n therefore_o these_o earthy_a pioner_n do_v bring_v they_o up_o be_v uncertain_a they_o be_v call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o downham-diamond_n the_o sapphirine_n or_o azure_a spar_n be_v frequent_o find_v in_o copper_n and_o lead_v mine_n in_o lancashire_n and_o derbyshire_n some_o be_v more_o opace_fw-la than_o other_o which_o no_o doubt_n proceed_v from_o the_o different_a mixture_n of_o saline_n and_o earthy_a part_n the_o alabastrites_n and_o stalactite_n be_v find_v plentiful_o in_o those_o most_o note_a cavity_n pool_n hole_n and_o the_o devil_n be_v arse_n in_o the_o peak_n in_o derbyshire_n these_o be_v not_o so_o pellucid_a as_o the_o other_o therefore_o seem_v to_o contain_v a_o great_a proportion_n of_o terrene_a and_o less_o of_o saline_n particle_n the_o figure_n which_o these_o stalactite_n shoot_v into_o be_v wonderful_a and_o to_o a_o think_v man_n the_o most_o divert_v object_n in_o the_o universe_n in_o some_o place_n the_o cavity_n be_v scarce_o a_o yard_n deep_a in_o other_o a_o hundred_o fathom_n perpendicular_a of_o a_o most_o magnificent_a arch_n from_o the_o top_n of_o this_o vast_a roof_n there_o continual_o drop_v a_o water_n which_o form_n various_a lamellae_n of_o the_o stalactite_n in_o the_o shape_n of_o haycock_n lion_n man_n fretwork_n and_o several_a other_o divert_v
and_o so_o destroy_v that_o acidity_n of_o the_o blood_n that_o may_v occasion_v the_o distemper_n the_o next_o thing_n to_o be_v consider_v be_v the_o alum_n and_o vitriol-ore_n and_o of_o these_o there_o be_v various_a sort_n vitriol_n be_v a_o salt_n so_o denominate_v from_o its_o be_v like_o glass_n pellucid_n and_o of_o this_o there_o be_v three_o sort_n white_a red_a and_o green_n the_o red_a be_v find_v in_o the_o mine_n in_o hungary_n and_o the_o white_a and_o green_a in_o lancashire_n and_o derbyshire_n the_o green_a be_v either_o natural_a or_o artificial_a natural_a such_o as_o be_v that_o in_o the_o kennel-pit_n at_o haigh_n in_o lancashire_n and_o in_o some_o lead-mine_n near_o castleton_n in_o derbyshire_n artificial_a such_o as_o be_v prepare_v from_o the_o pyrite_n by_o calcination_n and_o fermentation_n of_o the_o green_a there_o be_v two_o sort_n the_o one_o spungy_a and_o the_o other_o solid_a but_o with_o gall_n all_o yield_v the_o same_o phaenomena_n of_o the_o white_a likewise_o be_v two_o sort_n the_o solid_a and_o the_o trichites_n the_o solid_a be_v find_v sometime_o in_o laminae_fw-la betwixt_o those_o of_o the_o mineral_n bass_n or_o shiver_n as_o the_o miner_n term_v it_o the_o trichites_n be_v a_o efflorescence_n from_o the_o oar_n in_o the_o form_n of_o hair_n and_o for_o that_o reason_n so_o style_v from_o the_o greek_a word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o signify_v a_o hair_n the_o oar_n of_o these_o be_v common_o bass_n and_o as_o i_o suppose_v have_v their_o pore_n so_o configurate_v as_o not_o to_o admit_v of_o other_o salt_n and_o with_o these_o salt_n we_o do_v imagine_v they_o may_v be_v impregnate_v from_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o the_o ascend_a effluvia_fw-la or_o by_o those_o particle_n which_o fall_v from_o the_o atmosphere_n as_o be_v evident_a from_o those_o stone_n near_o hess-cassel_n in_o germany_n which_o by_o expose_v they_o to_o the_o air_n afford_v at_o several_a time_n a_o great_a quantity_n of_o vitriol_n than_o the_o whole_a substance_n of_o the_o stone_n amount_v to_o the_o white_a vitriol_n be_v frequent_o find_v mix_v with_o alum_n which_o i_o suppose_v may_v give_v occasion_n to_o some_o to_o make_v no_o difference_n betwixt_o those_o salt_n but_o they_o may_v easy_o be_v distinguish_v for_o the_o vitriolic_a particle_n will_v spend_v themselves_o in_o efflorescence_n in_o the_o air_n but_o the_o alluminous_a remain_v fix_v and_o than_o it_o be_v and_o not_o till_o then_o that_o the_o alum_n ought_v to_o be_v prepare_v roch-allum_n we_o have_v at_o brindle_n and_o houghton_n in_o lancashire_n where_o great_a quantity_n may_v be_v make_v those_o part_n be_v most_o modious_a of_o any_o in_o the_o kingdom_n for_o this_o business_n since_o they_o may_v be_v so_o easy_o supply_v with_o that_o sea-plant_a which_o the_o arabian_n call_v kali_n and_o we_o in_o our_o idiom_n kolp_n alum_n as_o well_o as_o vitriol_n be_v most_o common_o find_v in_o bass_n and_o as_o we_o suppose_v may_v challenge_v the_o like_a production_n they_o differ_v likewise_o in_o their_o figure_n in_o chrystallization_n yet_o neither_o of_o they_o do_v at_o all_o time_n shoot_v into_o one_o and_o the_o same_o figure_n here_o one_o question_n of_o moment_n offer_v itself_o to_o our_o enquiry_n viz_o whether_o for_o no_o green_a and_o white_a vitriol_n be_v specifical_o different_a or_o only_o differ_v in_o colour_n as_o they_o be_v different_o saturate_v with_o some_o ore_n or_o mineral_n it_o be_v certain_a i_o have_v in_o the_o same_o mineral_n water_n observe_v both_o green_a and_o white_a vitriol_n and_o likewise_o out_o of_o the_o same_o over_o both_o green_a and_o white_a vitriol_n make_v their_o efflorescence_n wherefore_o it_o seem_v probable_a to_o i_o that_o these_o two_o be_v not_o specifical_o different_a but_o that_o the_o one_o consist_v of_o a_o more_o compact_a and_o close_a texture_n and_o the_o other_o of_o more_o loose_a particle_n i_o be_o far_a confirm_v in_o this_o opinion_n because_o i_o find_v that_o they_o will_v both_o turn_v black_a with_o gall_n and_o be_v both_o emetic_n the_o oar_n of_o vitriol_n be_v either_o marcasite_n or_o bass_n the_o method_n of_o make_v vitriol_n have_v be_v before_o recite_v both_o in_o the_o philosophical_a transaction_n and_o in_o a_o piece_n of_o mr._n ray_n i_o shall_v not_o therefore_o transgress_v on_o the_o patience_n of_o my_o reader_n as_o to_o marine_a salt_n they_o either_o make_v their_o efflorescence_n out_o of_o some_o kind_n of_o limb_n or_o bass_n as_o i_o have_v observe_v upon_o several_a wall_n in_o lancashire_n and_o upon_o the_o blue_a bass_n in_o cheshire_n sometime_o upon_o old_a wall_n may_v be_v observe_v salt-petre_a and_o oftentimes_o a_o alcalious_a fix_a salt_n which_o i_o take_v to_o be_v the_o natron_n of_o the_o ancient_n and_o which_o we_o likewise_o find_v in_o some_o water_n in_o lancashire_n as_o in_o those_o near_o townley_n and_o burnley_n if_o the_o use_v of_o this_o salt_n be_v full_o prosecute_v it_o will_v doubtless_o be_v of_o great_a benefit_n as_o far_o surpass_v all_o our_o artificial_a alcaly_n if_o we_o may_v judge_v of_o it_o either_o by_o the_o phaenomena_n observable_a in_o it_o or_o from_o those_o account_n which_o the_o ancient_n give_v of_o it_o as_o hypocrates_n and_o dioscorides_n and_o vauslebius_fw-la a_o modern_a author_n in_o his_o account_n of_o the_o plague_n at_o grand_a cairo_n assure_v we_o of_o the_o wonderful_a efficacy_n of_o this_o salt_n of_o which_o he_o himself_o be_v a_o eye-witness_n for_o though_o hundred_o in_o a_o week_n constant_o expire_v of_o the_o plague_n then_o rage_v yet_o so_o soon_o as_o the_o nitre_n fall_v which_o they_o know_v by_o the_o turgidness_n of_o the_o nile_n and_o the_o ferment_a and_o rise_v of_o the_o nitre-pit_n the_o sickness_n immediate_o cease_v polyd._n virgil_n inform_v we_o that_o the_o first_o invention_n of_o glass_n be_v by_o a_o accident_n which_o happen_v from_o this_o salt_n viz._n some_o merchant_n who_o have_v be_v at_o nitria_n a_o place_n in_o egypt_n where_o it_o be_v collect_v in_o great_a quantity_n take_v several_a large_a piece_n of_o natron_n on_o board_n their_o vessel_n and_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o go_v on_o shore_n for_o their_o diversion_n order_v some_o pile_n of_o it_o to_o be_v raise_v on_o the_o ground_n upon_o which_o they_o may_v fix_v their_o kettle_n as_o on_o furnace_n to_o boil_v their_o meat_n but_o when_o the_o fire_n grow_v to_o a_o intense_a heat_n the_o salt_n and_o sand_n flux_v together_o and_o run_v into_o a_o transparent_a glass_n a_o method_n not_o much_o unlike_a that_o which_o be_v practise_v from_o the_o ash_n of_o kali_n how_o far_o therefore_o it_o may_v be_v useful_a upon_o this_o account_n deserve_v our_o consideration_n rock_n of_o salt_n of_o a_o vast_a thickness_n be_v frequent_o find_v in_o cheshire_n some_o of_o they_o twenty-five_o yard_n or_o more_o thick_a but_o whence_o these_o come_v whether_o from_o the_o universal_a catastrophe_n of_o the_o world_n at_o the_o deluge_n or_o have_v be_v since_o form_v in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n admit_v our_o next_o enquiry_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o such_o a_o quantity_n of_o water_n will_v only_o dissolve_v such_o a_o proportion_n of_o salt_n nor_o will_v the_o salt_n after_o dissolution_n precipitate_v if_o then_o we_o imagine_v these_o rock_n to_o proceed_v from_o the_o deluge_n we_o must_v conclude_v that_o vast_a globe_n of_o water_n that_o drown_v the_o world_n to_o be_v more_o saturate_v with_o salt_n than_o any_o of_o the_o brine-spring_n in_o cheshire_n and_o if_o so_o the_o rock_n of_o salt_n have_v be_v universal_a over_o the_o world_n wherefore_o to_o i_o the_o most_o rational_a conjecture_n be_v that_o upon_o the_o rupture_n of_o the_o strata_n of_o the_o earth_n island_n of_o those_o salt-rock_n float_v in_o the_o flood_n and_o so_o for_o a_o considerable_a time_n may_v be_v toss_v to_o and_o fro_o undissolve_v and_o in_o that_o general_a confusion_n upon_o the_o subside_v of_o the_o water_n may_v settle_v with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o mine_n and_o mineral_n and_o so_o have_v continue_v in_o the_o posture_n we_o find_v they_o ever_o since_o i_o have_v before_o demonstrate_v that_o the_o brine-spring_n do_v not_o proceed_v from_o the_o rock_n of_o salt_n that_o be_v already_o discover_v but_o from_o the_o rock_n that_o lie_v deep_o in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o it_o may_v be_v from_o none_o at_o all_o because_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o salt_n be_v different_a i_o shall_v not_o therefore_o insist_v further_o upon_o that_o point_n but_o pass_v on_o to_o what_o i_o next_o propose_v and_o that_o be_v to_o give_v a_o account_n of_o alum_n and_o its_o various_a oar_n alum_n may_v be_v divide_v into_o three_o class_n the_o roch_n the_o feather_a and_o the_o trichites_n the_o which_o
creature_n but_o pretend_v that_o beside_o the_o eight_o person_n include_v in_o the_o ark_n og_n the_o king_n of_o basan_n be_v preserve_v but_o to_o these_o i_o reply_v that_o whoever_o consider_v those_o prodigious_a mountain_n of_o marine_a shell_n in_o ireland_n virginia_n the_o east_n and_o west-indies_n can_v but_o conclude_v that_o they_o be_v deposit_v there_o by_o the_o deluge_n and_o then_o consider_v the_o height_n of_o the_o mountain_n and_o the_o vast_a remoteness_n of_o the_o place_n one_o from_o another_o that_o the_o deluge_n must_v be_v universal_a also_o but_o this_o particular_a be_v full_o discourse_v of_o in_o a_o precede_a chapter_n the_o three_o opinion_n relate_v to_o a_o deluge_n be_v that_o of_o the_o scholastics_n who_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o enoch_n who_o they_o say_v at_o that_o time_n live_v in_o paradise_n be_v not_o involve_v in_o the_o deluge_n but_o since_o the_o holy_a writ_n be_v silent_a in_o that_o matter_n and_o that_o neither_o the_o egyptian_a chaldee_n hebrew_n or_o greek_a version_n of_o the_o old_a testament_n take_v any_o notice_n of_o that_o opinion_n i_o can_v but_o conclude_v it_o erroneous_a and_o unwarrantable_a there_o be_v a_o four_o opinion_n of_o the_o jew_n who_o maintain_v that_o not_o only_o a_o few_o person_n but_o whole_a nation_n never_o feel_v the_o effect_n of_o this_o great_a inundation_n but_o that_o the_o jew_n only_o and_o other_o inhabitant_n in_o palestine_n perish_v in_o it_o but_o what_o have_v be_v say_v in_o answer_n to_o the_o precede_a opinion_n may_v serve_v for_o this_o there_o be_v a_o five_o rank_n who_o affirm_v that_o there_o be_v a_o total_a destruction_n of_o mankind_n at_o the_o deluge_n yet_o so_o as_o that_o the_o whole_a terrestrial_a globe_n be_v not_o overwhelm_v by_o the_o water_n which_o opinion_n be_v found_v on_o two_o other_o hypothesis_n viz._n that_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o flood_n the_o earth_n remain_v for_o the_o great_a part_n desolate_a and_o without_o inhabitant_n and_o that_o all_o the_o water_n in_o the_o universe_n be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o cause_v so_o general_a a_o deluge_n abraham_n mylius_n pretend_v to_o demonstrate_v that_o if_o all_o the_o water_n of_o the_o universe_n have_v be_v send_v down_o upon_o the_o earth_n they_o can_v not_o have_v cover_v the_o top_n of_o the_o high_a mountain_n isaac_n vossius_fw-la approve_v of_o both_o these_o hypothesis_n but_o since_o from_o the_o vast_a bed_n of_o marine_a shell_n even_o upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o high_a mountain_n it_o be_v undeniable_o evident_a that_o the_o high_a mountain_n be_v cover_v it_o thence_o follow_v that_o the_o deluge_n must_v be_v universal_a and_o that_o mylius_n and_o vossius_fw-la be_v both_o mistake_v the_o six_o and_o last_o be_v those_o that_o have_v choose_v the_o true_a opinion_n and_o maintain_v that_o the_o deluge_n be_v universal_a both_o in_o respect_n to_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n and_o its_o inhabitant_n because_o the_o motive_n that_o induce_v god_n be_v universal_a god_n complain_v that_o the_o imagination_n of_o man_n heart_n be_v only_o evil_a continual_o his_o threat_n likewise_o be_v universal_a i_o will_v destroy_v man_n who_o i_o have_v create_v from_o the_o face_n of_o the_o earth_n both_o man_n and_o beast_n and_o every_o creep_a thing_n and_o the_o fowl_n of_o the_o air_n for_o it_o repent_v i_o that_o i_o have_v make_v they_o hence_o therefore_o it_o be_v evident_a from_o the_o holy_a scripture_n and_o from_o the_o phaenomena_n in_o natural_a history_n that_o there_o be_v a_o deluge_n and_o that_o this_o deluge_n be_v universal_a too_o wherefore_o i_o can_v but_o admire_v that_o the_o great_a st._n austin_n shall_v be_v so_o far_o mistake_v as_o to_o affirm_v that_o there_o be_v not_o the_o least_o footstep_n of_o the_o deluge_n either_o in_o the_o greek_a or_o latin_a writer_n since_o the_o contrary_n be_v so_o clear_o demonstrate_v by_o hugo_n grotius_n i_o shall_v now_o in_o the_o last_o place_n lie_v down_o some_o hypothesis_n concern_v the_o quality_n in_o plant_n and_o so_o close_a this_o chapter_n and_o by_o draw_v a_o parallel_n betwixt_o chemical_a preparation_n and_o the_o quality_n in_o physical_a herb_n endeavour_v to_o give_v a_o rationale_n of_o their_o effect_n but_o this_o have_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n be_v attempt_v by_o pechlinius_fw-la wedelius_n sr._n john_n floyer_n and_o other_o i_o shall_v but_o brief_o treat_v upon_o that_o head_n and_o that_o in_o the_o follow_a method_n first_o by_o give_v a_o account_n of_o emetic_n and_o the_o rationale_n of_o their_o quality_n afterward_o of_o cathartic_a or_o purgative_n plant_n antiscorbutic_n balsamic_n diuretic_n antistrumatics_n stomachic_n cardiac_n antihydropics_a anticterics_n antepileptics_n restringent_n opiate_n paragoric_n alexipharmac_n the_o emetic_a plant_n be_v only_o two_o squill_n and_o asarum_n and_o both_o be_v of_o a_o bitter_a and_o nauseous_a taste_n first_o therefore_o we_o shall_v inquire_v into_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o bitterness_n in_o these_o and_o then_o how_o that_o become_v emetical_a bitterness_n consist_v in_o rigid_a pungent_a and_o inflexible_a particle_n point_v upon_o terrene_a one_o hence_o the_o point_n by_o their_o continual_a irritation_n contract_v the_o fibre_n of_o the_o stomach_n and_o still_o press_v it_o by_o their_o inflexibility_n at_o length_n they_o throw_v it_o into_o convulsion_n and_o so_o become_v emetical_a or_o vomit_v thus_o we_o see_v in_o a_o solution_n of_o silver_n in_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n that_o the_o point_n of_o the_o corrode_a spirit_n be_v sheathe_v in_o the_o metallic_fw-la particle_n it_o not_o only_o become_v extreme_o bitter_a but_o likewise_o emetical_a the_o like_a may_v be_v observe_v by_o pour_v spirit_n of_o nitre_n upon_o the_o lapis_fw-la calaminaris_n and_o doubtless_o thus_o it_o be_v that_o the_o leave_n of_o asarum_n be_v so_o famous_a a_o errhine_n and_o of_o so_o great_a use_n in_o inveterate_a headache_n viz._n their_o acrid_a saline_a particle_n continual_o press_v the_o gland_n of_o the_o nostril_n force_v they_o to_o discharge_v that_o acrid_a serum_n which_o occasion_n that_o distemper_n the_o most_o note_a cathartic_n be_v buckthorn_n monk_n rhubarb_n elder_a damask_n rose_n iris_n soldanella_n spurge_n mezereon_o buckthorn_n be_v extreme_o bitter_a and_o afford_v a_o oil_n and_o a_o pungent_a spirit_n neither_o of_o which_o be_v bitter_a or_o in_o the_o least_o purgative_n whence_o it_o seem_v evident_a to_o i_o that_o its_o bitterness_n and_o purge_v quality_n consist_v in_o its_o saline_a particle_n be_v strict_o unite_v with_o terrene_a one_o and_o so_o by_o that_o mean_n contract_v the_o fibre_n of_o the_o bowel_n they_o become_v purgative_a rose_n iris_n and_o the_o rest_n be_v likewise_o bitter_a but_o they_o all_o differ_v in_o their_o pungency_n mezereon_o spurge_n and_o iris_n be_v both_o emetic_n and_o cathartic_a which_o sometime_o not_o only_a cauterise_n the_o coat_n of_o the_o stomach_n but_o the_o skin_n itself_o if_o external_o apply_v no_o doubt_v but_o by_o due_a correction_n these_o may_v be_v make_v most_o noble_a medicine_n and_o the_o likely_a method_n to_o effect_v this_o as_o far_o as_o i_o can_v conjecture_v will_v be_v by_o obtund_v their_o saline_a particle_n by_o the_o lapis_fw-la calaminaris_n or_o some_o such_o alcaly_a or_o if_o their_o virtue_n consist_v in_o a_o acrid_a alcaly_a a_o proper_a acid_n may_v be_v think_v on_o and_o i_o think_v it_o will_v be_v high_o worth_a our_o while_n to_o make_v strict_a inquiry_n into_o these_o matter_n that_o be_v the_o likely_a method_n to_o bring_v we_o to_o a_o certainty_n in_o the_o practice_n of_o physic_n before_o i_o close_o this_o head_n i_o shall_v only_o offer_v two_o experiment_n and_o then_o proceed_v the_o first_o be_v concern_v aloe_n which_o by_o be_v infuse_v in_o spirit_n of_o wine_n lose_v its_o purgative_n quality_n but_o yet_o retain_v its_o bitterness_n the_o second_o be_v concern_v a_o solution_n of_o aloe_n which_o be_v inject_v into_o the_o vein_n of_o a_o dog_n will_v inevitable_o purge_v he_o from_o which_o observation_n natural_o arise_v this_o question_n whether_o cathartic_n effect_v their_o end_n in_o the_o first_o passage_n or_o by_o work_v elective_a in_o the_o mass_n of_o blood_n as_o the_o physician_n style_v it_o i_o affirm_v the_o former_a and_o to_o the_o first_o experiment_n make_v this_o reply_n the_o volatile_a acrid_a saline_a particle_n in_o the_o aloe_n be_v dissolve_v by_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n it_o must_v of_o necessity_n for_o the_o reason_n before_o allege_v be_v deprive_v of_o its_o purgative_a quality_n yet_o so_o as_o still_o to_o retain_v its_o bitterness_n because_o it_o be_v probable_a some_o saline_a particle_n be_v so_o envelop_v with_o the_o oily_a and_o terrene_a one_o that_o a_o separation_n be_v not_o easy_o make_v perhaps_o not_o without_o distillation_n or_o calcination_n so_o that_o the_o aloe_n in_o
some_o measure_n may_v retain_v its_o bitterness_n yet_o be_v deprive_v of_o its_o purge_a quality_n to_o the_o second_o i_o reply_v thus_o a_o solution_n of_o aloe_n be_v inject_v into_o the_o mass_n of_o blood_n it_o be_v most_o probable_a its_o particle_n be_v again_o separate_v from_o the_o blood_n by_o the_o conglomerate_v gland_n of_o the_o bowel_n it_o be_v not_o therefore_o that_o they_o work_v elective_a in_o the_o mass_n of_o blood_n but_o by_o their_o contract_n of_o the_o bowel_n upon_o their_o separation_n for_o it_o be_v undeniable_o evident_a that_o several_a purge_n will_v operate_v before_o they_o can_v possible_o be_v suppose_v to_o have_v mix_v with_o the_o mass_n of_o blood_n in_o the_o next_o place_n anti-scorbutics_a may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v either_o bitter_n acrid_n or_o nitrous_a plant_n the_o bitter_n be_v lapathum_fw-la acutum_fw-la mountain-sage_a and_o water-trefoil_n and_o these_o all_o afford_v a_o oil_n and_o acid_a spirit_n and_o a_o fix_a alcalious_a salt_n but_o the_o salt_n in_o the_o great_a proportion_n next_o to_o that_o the_o oil_n and_o then_o the_o spirit_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o these_o herb_n by_o their_o saline_n and_o oily_a particle_n attenuate_v the_o serum_n of_o the_o blood_n coagulate_v by_o its_o acid_n restore_v it_o to_o its_o due_a circulation_n and_o be_v for_o that_o reason_n of_o great_a use_n in_o antiscorbutic_a case_n the_o acrid_n be_v the_o cress_n asarum_fw-la scurvygrass_n and_o radish_n and_o do_v all_o of_o they_o afford_v oil_n and_o volatile_a alcalious_a salt_n wherefore_o for_o the_o reason_n before_o allege_v they_o may_v proper_o be_v style_v anti-scorbutics_a the_o nitrous_a be_v the_o aparine_a vetch_n ground-ivy_n and_o nettle_n these_o all_o yield_v a_o volatile_a nitrous_a essential_a salt_n as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o the_o freeze_a of_o their_o depurated_a juice_n and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o by_o temper_v and_o dilute_v the_o bilious_a particle_n in_o the_o blood_n they_o allay_v those_o scorbutic_a heat_n and_o be_v of_o great_a use_n in_o violent_a bleed_v particular_o ground-ivy_n which_o by_o its_o saline_a particle_n not_o only_o deterse_n and_o quit_v the_o breast_n from_o a_o oppressive_a phlegm_n but_o likewise_o by_o its_o balsamic_n consolidate_n balsamic_n do_v all_o of_o they_o afford_v terebinthinate_a oil_n and_o the_o chief_a among_o these_o be_v st._n john'swort_n herb_n robert_n tutsal_n and_o pennywort_n diuretic_n be_v general_o anti-scorbutics_a and_o those_o be_v treat_v of_o before_o i_o shall_v not_o enlarge_v far_o on_o that_o head_n cardiac_n be_v either_o mild_a acid_n that_o temper_v too_o volatile_a a_o bile_n which_o continual_o irritate_v the_o spirit_n as_o in_o several_a fever_n and_o of_o this_o sort_n be_v woodsorrel_n berberry_n raspberry_n and_o the_o like_a or_o those_o that_o yield_v volatile_a aromatic_a oil_n and_o so_o disentangle_v the_o spirit_n struggle_v in_o a_o viscid_n serum_n and_o of_o this_o sort_n be_v butter-burr_n angelico_n eringo_n balm_n and_o the_o like_a antistrumatics_n be_v whitlow-grass_n herb_n robert_n stink_v gladdon_n and_o dropwort_n and_o no_o doubt_n but_o they_o effect_v their_o end_n by_o terebinthinate_a particle_n since_o most_o of_o they_o emit_fw-la effluvia_fw-la of_o that_o nature_n which_o doubtless_o correct_v the_o acid_n that_o make_v the_o gland_n scrofulous_a by_o coagulate_v the_o lympha_fw-la as_o may_v be_v observe_v in_o scrofulous_a gland_n antihydropics_a as_o alterative_n be_v in_o the_o class_n of_o anti-scorbutics_a stomachic_n for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v bitter_n i_o shall_v not_o enlarge_v further_o on_o they_o anticterics_n consist_v of_o volatile_a acrid_a particle_n which_o attenuate_v a_o feculent_n bile_n and_o the_o chief_a of_o these_o be_v celandine_n pilewort_n and_o mad_a pectoral_o be_v maidenhair_n fern_n and_o bitter_n the_o two_o first_o be_v nitrous_a opiate_n and_o paregoric_n be_v the_o white_a and_o red_a poppy_n and_o cowslip_n but_o how_o these_o bridle_n the_o impetuous_a tumult_n of_o the_o spirit_n shall_v be_v account_v for_o in_o its_o proper_a place_n paeony_n &_o misleto_n be_v antepileptic_n and_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o think_v that_o it_o be_v by_o a_o mucilage_n which_o contain_v a_o volatile_a alcalious_a salt_n that_o they_o be_v of_o use_n in_o that_o case_n viz._n by_o the_o innate_a heat_n of_o the_o stomach_n and_o bowel_n the_o salt_n sublime_v from_o the_o mucilage_n and_o be_v there_o immediate_o imbibe_v by_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o nerve_n and_o hence_o they_o become_v of_o use_n in_o convulsive_a case_n whereas_o other_o volatile_a salt_n be_v spend_v before_o they_o can_v reach_v the_o nerve_n restringent_n be_v all_o of_o they_o either_o of_o a_o mucilaginous_a or_o austere_a taste_n as_o comfry_n horse-tail_n sloe_n etc._n etc._n the_o one_o by_o shethe_v the_o acid_n which_o make_v a_o disruption_n of_o the_o vessel_n and_o the_o other_o by_o austere_a vitriolic_a particle_n pursue_v they_o up_o no_o doubt_n effect_v their_o ends._n the_o poisonous_a plant_n it_o be_v plain_a consist_v sometime_o of_o saline_n corrode_a acrimonious_a particle_n such_o as_o inflame_v and_o sometime_o sphacelate_v the_o stomach_n and_o contract_v the_o branch_n of_o the_o par_fw-fr vagum_fw-la and_o then_o produce_v tremor_n and_o convulsion_n as_o be_v evident_a in_o the_o dissection_n of_o those_o creature_n that_o have_v be_v poison_v with_o these_o herb_n of_o this_o sort_n be_v the_o cicuta_fw-la aquatica_fw-la ranunculus_fw-la flammeus_fw-la solanum_fw-la lethale_fw-mi aconitum_n hyemale_a etc._n etc._n some_o poisonous_a plant_n be_v of_o a_o narcotic_a quality_n as_o poppy_n and_o henbane_n these_o be_v of_o a_o bitter_a taste_n and_o no_o doubt_n contain_v a_o volatile_a acrid_a salt_n which_o by_o fix_v its_o point_n upon_o the_o fibrillae_n of_o the_o brain_n and_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o nerve_n occasion_n a_o corrugation_n in_o they_o and_o by_o that_o mean_n hinder_v a_o separation_n of_o the_o animal_n spirit_n from_o the_o mass_n of_o blood_n and_o consequent_o their_o dispensation_n into_o the_o various_a part_n of_o the_o body_n hence_o they_o be_v take_v in_o too_o great_a a_o quantity_n become_v poisonous_a lettuce_n likewise_o melon_n and_o cucumber_n consist_v of_o a_o mucilaginous_a water_n doubtless_o entangle_v the_o animal_n spirit_n and_o hinder_v their_o expansion_n hence_o by_o be_v too_o liberal_o take_v the_o whole_a oeconomy_n of_o the_o body_n be_v disorder_v the_o spirit_n recede_v like_o the_o sunbeam_n which_o be_v screen_v by_o thick_a interpose_v cloud_n leave_v all_o in_o darkness_n a_o appendix_n to_o the_o chapter_n of_o plant_n have_v complete_v my_o hypothesis_n concern_v the_o vegetation_n of_o sea-plant_n i_o shall_v in_o the_o next_o place_n propose_v some_o conjecture_n about_o the_o vegetation_n of_o river_n and_o land-plant_n and_o give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o experiment_n on_o all_o side_n and_o add_v some_o trial_n which_o i_o prove_v myself_o and_o among_o the_o rest_n offer_v my_o own_o sentiment_n the_o most_o material_a hypothesis_n relate_v to_o this_o topic_n be_v reduce_v to_o two_o the_o one_o assert_v that_o vegetation_n be_v from_o earth_n the_o other_o from_o water_n only_o a_o suffragan_n to_o the_o latter_a be_v the_o l_o d_o bacon_n nat._n hist._n cent._n 5._o par._n 411._o where_o he_o assert_n that_o for_o nourishment_n of_o vegetable_n water_n be_v all_o in_o all_o that_o the_o earth_n only_o keep_v the_o plant_n upright_o and_o guard_v it_o from_o too_o great_a heat_n or_o cold._n other_o in_o this_o hypothesis_n be_v more_o positive_a as_o the_o hon_fw-fr ble_fw-fr mr._n boyle_n helmont_n and_o his_o follower_n these_o back_n their_o assertion_n with_o the_o two_o subsequent_a experiment_n the_o first_o be_v that_o concern_v mint_n and_o several_a other_o plant_n which_o prosper_v and_o thrive_v great_o in_o water_n the_o other_o which_o you_o have_v in_o the_o sceptical_a chemist_n write_v by_o mr._n boyle_n be_v as_o follow_v take_v a_o certain_a quantity_n of_o earth_n bake_v it_o in_o a_o oven_n then_o weigh_v it_o and_o have_v include_v it_o in_o a_o earthen_a pot_n well_o water_v make_v choice_n of_o some_o fit_a plant_n as_o a_o pompion_n which_o be_v first_o careful_o weigh_v and_o set_v in_o it_o there_o let_v it_o grow_v continue_v to_o water_v it_o till_o it_o be_v much_o advance_v in_o bigness_n then_o take_v it_o up_o and_o though_o the_o bulk_n and_o weight_n of_o the_o plant_n be_v much_o great_a than_o at_o first_o yet_o the_o earth_n will_v be_v find_v little_a or_o nothing_o diminish_v in_o weight_n therefore_o it_o may_v be_v conclude_v that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o earth_n but_o water_n that_o nourish_v and_o be_v convert_v into_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o plant._n thus_o far_o likewise_o proceed_v the_o ingenious_a dr._n woodward_n but_o have_v the_o dr._n give_v we_o a_o full_a account_n of_o his_o sentiment_n on_o those_o author_n he_o may_v likewise_o have_v
observe_v that_o they_o not_o only_o take_v plant_n and_o put_v they_o in_o the_o earth_n prepare_v as_o he_o recite_v it_o but_o likewise_o the_o seed_n of_o cucumber_n and_o pompion_n which_o acquire_v their_o due_a magnitude_n and_o yet_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o diminish_v in_o weight_n these_o experiment_n indeed_o consider_v the_o minuteness_n of_o the_o seed_n of_o those_o fruit_n with_o the_o largeness_n of_o their_o size_n when_o grow_v to_o perfection_n and_o yet_o no_o decrease_n of_o the_o earth_n may_v give_v they_o very_o pregnant_a reason_n for_o their_o conjecture_n but_o these_o i_o shall_v examine_v in_o their_o place_n the_o other_o hypothesis_n be_v that_o of_o the_o ancient_n which_o dr._n woodward_n assert_n for_o the_o confirmation_n of_o which_o the_o dr._n have_v offer_v the_o follow_a experiment_n common_a spearmint_n be_v set_v in_o spring_n water_n the_o plant_v weigh_v when_o put_v in_o july_n 20_o the_o just_a 27_o grain_n when_o take_v forth_o october_n 5_o the_o 42_o gr._n so_o that_o in_o the_o space_n of_o 79_o day_n it_o have_v gain_v in_o weight_n 15_o gr._n the_o whole_a water_n expend_v during_o the_o 79_o day_n amount_v to_o 2558_o gr._n and_o consequent_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o water_n take_v up_o be_v 170_o 8_o â—5_n as_o much_o as_o the_o plant_n have_v get_v in_o weight_n common_a spearmint_n be_v set_v in_o rain-water_n the_o mint_n weigh_v when_o put_v in_o 28_o gr._n ¼_n when_o take_v out_o gr._n 45_o ¼_n have_v gain_v in_o 79_o day_n gr._n ½_n the_o dispendium_fw-la of_o the_o water_n gr._n 3004_o which_o be_v 171_o 23_o 35_o as_o much_o as_o the_o plant_n have_v receive_v in_o weight_n common_a spearmint_n be_v set_v in_o thames_n water_n the_o plant_n when_o put_v in_o weigh_n gr._n 28_o when_o take_v forth_o gr._n 54_o so_o that_o in_o 77_o day_n it_o have_v gain_v 26_o gr._n the_o water_n expend_v amount_v to_o gr._n 2493_o which_o be_v 92_o 21_o 26_o time_n as_o much_o as_o the_o additional_a weight_n of_o the_o mint_n solanum_fw-la or_o nightshade_n be_v set_v in_o spring-water_n the_o plant_v weigh_v when_o put_v in_o gr._n 49_o when_o take_v out_o 106_o have_v gain_v in_o 77_o day_n 57_o gr._n the_o water_n expend_v during_o the_o say_a time_n be_v 3708_o gr._n which_o be_v 65_o 3_o 7_o time_n as_o much_o as_o the_o augment_v of_o the_o plant_n this_o specimen_fw-la have_v several_a bud_n upon_o it_o when_o first_o set_v in_o the_o water_n these_o in_o some_o day_n become_v fair_a and_o flower_n which_o be_v at_o length_n succeed_v by_o berry_n lathyris_n sea-cataputia_n gerhardi_fw-la be_v set_v in_o spring_n water_n it_o weigh_v when_o put_v in_o gr._n 98_o when_o take_v forth_o gr._n 101_o â—â—â—_o the_o additional_a weight_n for_o this_o whole_a 77_o day_n be_v gr._n 3_o 〈…〉_o the_o quantity_n of_o water_n spend_v upon_o it_o during_o the_o time_n be_v gr._n 2501_o which_o be_v 714_o 4_o 7_o time_n as_o much_o as_o the_o plant_n be_v augment_v it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o the_o orifice_n of_o these_o glass_n be_v cover_v with_o parchment_n perforate_v with_o a_o hole_n adapt_v to_o the_o stem_n of_o the_o plant._n mint_n be_v set_v in_o hyde-parke_n conduit_n water_n which_o weigh_v when_o put_v in_o 127_o gr._n when_o take_v forth_o 255_o gr._n the_o whole_a quantity_n of_o water_n expend_v upon_o this_o plant_n amount_v to_o 14190_o gr._n the_o plant_n have_v run_v up_o two_o foot_n in_o height_n and_o have_v shoot_v one_o considerable_a collateral_a branch_n to_o the_o fibrillae_n of_o the_o root_n adhere_v a_o terrestrial_a matter_n mint_n be_v set_v in_o hyde-parke_n conduit_n water_n in_o which_o be_v dissolve_v a_o ounce_n and_o half_a of_o common_a garden-earth_n the_o mint_n weigh_v when_o put_v in_o 76_o gr._n when_o take_v out_o 244_o gr._n water_n expend_v be_v gr._n 10731._o mint_n be_v set_v in_o hyde-parke_n water_n with_o the_o same_o quantity_n of_o garden-mould_n as_o the_o former_a the_o mint_n weigh_v when_o put_v in_o 92_o gr._n when_o take_v out_o 376_o gr._n the_o water_n expend_v be_v 14950_o gr._n the_o earth_n in_o both_o these_o glass_n be_v very_o sensible_o and_o considerable_o waste_v it_o leave_v a_o green_a substance_n here_o as_o above_o mint_n be_v set_v in_o hyde-park_n water_n distil_v off_o in_o a_o great_a still_o the_o mint_n weigh_v when_o put_v in_o 114_o gr._n when_o take_v out_o 155_o gr._n water_n dispend_v be_v 8803_o gr._n this_o plant_n be_v pretty_a kind_o have_v two_o small_a collateral_a branch_n and_o several_a root_n with_o terrestrial_a matter_n adhere_v to_o they_o the_o water_n be_v pretty_a thick_a have_v many_o and_o numerous_a terrestrial_a particle_n swim_v in_o it_o and_o some_o sediment_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o glass_n this_o glass_n have_v none_o of_o the_o green_a matter_n abovementioned_a in_o it_o the_o residue_n of_o the_o water_n remain_v in_o the_o still_o be_v very_o turbid_v high_o colour_v and_o red_a like_o ordinary_a beer_n the_o mint_n weigh_v when_o put_v into_o this_o water_n 31_o gr._n water_n expend_v 4344_o gr._n this_o plant_n be_v very_o lively_a and_o have_v send_v out_o six_o collateral_a branch_n and_o several_a root_n i_o take_v hyde-park_n conduit_n water_n in_o which_o be_v dissolve_v a_o dram_n of_o nitre_n the_o mint_n set_v in_o this_o sudden_o begin_v to_o wither_v and_o decay_v and_o die_v in_o a_o few_o day_n as_o likewise_o do_v two_o more_o sprig_n that_o be_v set_v in_o it_o successive_o in_o another_o glass_n i_o dissolve_v a_o ounce_n of_o garden-mould_n and_o a_o dram_n of_o nitre_n and_o in_o a_o three_o half_a a_o ounce_n of_o wood-ash_n and_o a_o dram_n of_o nitre_n but_o the_o plant_n in_o these_o succeed_v no_o better_a than_o in_o the_o former_a in_o other_o glass_n be_v dissolve_v several_a sort_n of_o earth_n clay_n marles_n and_o variety_n of_o manure_n mint_n be_v set_v in_o distil_a water_n and_o other_o experiment_n i_o make_v of_o several_a kind_n in_o order_n to_o get_v light_n and_o information_n what_o hasten_v or_o retard_v what_o promote_v and_o impede_v vegetation_n but_o these_o do_v not_o belong_v to_o the_o head_n that_o i_o be_o now_o upon_o in_o hyde-park_n conduit_n water_n i_o fix_v a_o glass_n tube_n about_o 10_o inch_n long_o the_o boar_n about_o one_o six_o of_o a_o inch_n in_o diameter_n fill_v with_o very_o fine_a and_o white_a sand_n which_o i_o keep_v from_o fall_v down_o out_o of_o the_o tube_n into_o the_o vial_n by_o tie_v a_o thin_a piece_n of_o silk_n over_o that_o end_n of_o the_o tube_n which_o be_v downward_o upon_o the_o immersion_n of_o the_o low_a end_n of_o it_o the_o water_n by_o little_a and_o little_o ascend_v to_o the_o upper_a orifice_n of_o the_o tube_n and_o yet_o in_o all_o the_o 56_o day_n it_o stand_v thus_o a_o very_a inconsiderable_a quantity_n of_o water_n have_v go_v off_o viz._n scarce_o 20_o grain_n though_o the_o sand_n continue_v moist_a to_o the_o very_a top_n to_o the_o last_o the_o water_n impart_v a_o green_a tincture_n to_o the_o sand_n quite_o to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o tube_n and_o in_o the_o vial_n it_o have_v precipitate_v a_o greenish_a sediment_n mix_v with_o black_a to_o the_o bottom_n and_o side_n of_o the_o tube_n as_o far_o as_o it_o be_v immerse_v in_o water_n adhere_v pretty_a much_o of_o the_o green_a substance_n describe_v above_o from_o these_o experiment_n the_o dr._n draw_v these_o corollary_n that_o earth_n and_o not_o water_n be_v the_o matter_n that_o constitute_v vegetable_n that_o improvement_n by_o nitron_n and_o alcalizates_n be_v only_o by_o the_o saline_a particle_n attenuate_v the_o earthly_a one_o and_o prepare_v they_o to_o be_v carry_v up_o by_o the_o water_n and_o dispose_v of_o into_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o plant_n that_o water_n serve_v only_o as_o a_o vehicle_n to_o the_o terrestrial_a matter_n which_o form_v vegetable_n and_o do_v not_o itself_o make_v any_o addition_n to_o they_o now_o if_o i_o mistake_v not_o if_o we_o must_v make_v earth_n a_o mere_a simple_a body_n and_o that_o to_o be_v the_o matter_n only_o that_o be_v convert_v into_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o plant_n this_o hypothesis_n will_v labour_v under_o more_o difficulty_n than_o the_o former_a if_o according_a to_o the_o doctor_n be_v notion_n the_o saline_a particle_n contribute_v no_o far_o than_o in_o prepare_v this_o mould_n for_o we_o may_v undoubted_o assure_v ourselves_o that_o the_o manchinello_n in_o the_o west-indies_n that_o irresistible_a and_o deceive_a poison_n must_v needs_o consist_v of_o more_o body_n than_o earth_n alone_o otherwise_o how_o come_v its_o fruit_n to_o be_v so_o fatal_a that_o not_o only_o the_o eat_v of_o it_o be_v present_a death_n but_o the_o very_a eat_n of_o the_o creature_n that_o have_v feed_v upon_o it_o produce_v
the_o same_o effect_n nay_o even_o the_o drop_n of_o rain_n that_o fall_v from_o its_o leave_n be_v of_o so_o poisonous_a a_o nature_n as_o to_o blister_v and_o inflame_v the_o skin_n here_o doubtless_o be_v more_o than_o a_o bare_a contexture_n of_o earth_n and_o without_o question_n the_o most_o corrode_a sulphureous_a and_o penetrate_a particle_n we_o can_v have_v any_o idea_n of_o beside_o be_v vegetation_n from_o earth_n alone_o i_o can_v see_v how_o one_o plant_n can_v be_v distinguish_v from_o another_o wherefore_o to_o i_o it_o seem_v rational_a to_o infer_v that_o the_o body_n which_o the_o dr._n call_v earth_n consist_v of_o as_o many_o different_a body_n as_o that_o which_o the_o chemist_n call_v water_n so_o that_o from_o either_o of_o these_o two_o body_n simple_o consider_v as_o such_o it_o be_v equal_o absurd_a to_o derive_v vegetation_n but_o these_o two_o body_n do_v indisputable_o consist_v of_o variety_n of_o corpuscle_n e._n g._n saline_n terrene_a aerial_a and_o bituminous_a and_o as_o the_o vessel_n in_o plant_n by_o their_o various_a orifice_n and_o contexture_n admit_v of_o different_a proportion_n of_o these_o so_o according_o the_o plant_n be_v different_o modify_v and_o from_o their_o different_a digestion_n and_o proportion_n receive_v its_o form_n colour_n substance_n and_o virtue_n and_o by_o this_o hypothesis_n we_o may_v account_v for_o plant_n physical_a poisonous_a fragrant_a foetid_v and_o of_o other_o kind_n hence_o jalop_n and_o scamony_n a_o sort_n of_o spurge_n in_o the_o west-indies_n by_o their_o resinous_a saline_a particle_n become_v purgative_a and_o if_o take_v in_o too_o large_a quantity_n poisonous_a the_o same_o may_v be_v affirm_v of_o laureola_fw-la aloe_n spurge_n senna_n and_o agaric_n it_o be_v manifest_a from_o the_o dissection_n of_o those_o creature_n to_o which_o nightshade_n nux_fw-la vomica_fw-la calculus_fw-la indicus_n and_o water-hemlock_n be_v give_v that_o the_o poison_n of_o these_o consist_v in_o acrimonious_a saline_a particle_n corrode_a and_o inflame_v the_o stomach_n of_o which_o the_o learned_a wafer_n give_v we_o various_a instance_n other_o by_o exalt_a sulphur_n quit_v from_o saline_a particle_n doubtless_o become_v fragrant_a aromatic_a and_o cordial_a be_v by_o their_o size_n and_o figure_n which_o we_o presume_v to_o be_v spherical_a the_o more_o ready_o adapt_v to_o assist_v the_o animal_n spirit_n by_o their_o activity_n when_o these_o sulphur_n become_v point_v with_o salt_n it_o be_v most_o likely_a that_o the_o plant_n become_v foetid_v and_o unpleasant_a as_o the_o stink_a garden_n orach_n and_o herb_n robert_n i_o may_v likewise_o account_v for_o the_o heat_n blistering_n and_o other_o quality_n of_o herb_n but_o those_o be_v in_o part_n do_v before_o and_o not_o proper_o within_o the_o verge_n of_o this_o undertake_n i_o shall_v not_o recapitulate_v but_o to_o the_o ingenious_a sr._n john_n floyer_n of_o lichfield_n on_o that_o head_n refer_v the_o curious_a in_o who_o work_n they_o may_v find_v variety_n of_o experiment_n on_o those_o subject_n i_o must_v confess_v that_o the_o experiment_n which_o dr._n woodward_n have_v make_v relate_v to_o vegetation_n be_v exact_a as_o well_o as_o learned_a he_o have_v beside_o the_o dispendium_fw-la of_o the_o water_n in_o so_o many_o day_n full_o demonstrate_v the_o plant_n to_o have_v gain_v a_o considerable_a weight_n which_o he_o affirm_v to_o have_v be_v from_o earth_n but_o then_o as_o i_o affirm_v before_o the_o question_n be_v what_o he_o call_v earth_n for_o if_o by_o that_o he_o mean_v a_o pure_a simple_a element_n viz._n a_o body_n consist_v only_o of_o one_o size_n and_o figure_n than_o from_o what_o have_v be_v hint_v before_o it_o be_v as_o absurd_a to_o deduce_v vegetation_n from_o that_o as_o from_o water_n i_o shall_v only_o beg_v leave_n to_o add_v a_o experiment_n or_o two_o and_o so_o conclude_v i_o take_v the_o seed_n of_o nymphaea_n or_o water-lil_o when_o full_a ripe_a and_o put_v they_o in_o glass_n vial_n in_o which_o they_o continue_v twelve_o month_n i_o add_v fresh_a water_n to_o they_o as_o the_o other_o evaporate_v the_o seed_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o both_o vial_n stand_v erect_v and_o emit_v a_o pellucid_a mucilage_n which_o stand_v in_o opposite_a globule_n near_o the_o upper_a end_n of_o the_o seed_n the_o water_n deposit_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o green_a and_o earthy_a matter_n but_o the_o seed_n never_o vegetate_v or_o sprout_v at_o all_o though_o this_o be_v a_o water_n plant._n from_o this_o experiment_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o beside_o earth_n and_o water_n bare_o consider_v as_o such_o other_o body_n be_v necessary_a to_o the_o vegetation_n of_o various_a plant_n and_o probable_o to_o this_o a_o fat_a sulphureous_a ouze_n in_o which_o it_o usual_o grow_v and_o have_v root_n of_o a_o immense_a magnitude_n some_o i_o have_v see_v as_o thick_a as_o the_o thigh_n of_o a_o man_n which_o be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o pond_n at_o tabley_n in_o cheshire_n when_o it_o be_v drain_v where_o the_o remain_a earth_n or_o mud_n which_o be_v black_a and_o foetid_v be_v whole_o overspread_v with_o they_o this_o instance_n i_o think_v may_v fair_o serve_v to_o illustrate_v the_o hypothesis_n that_o i_o have_v lay_v down_o concern_v the_o vegetation_n of_o plant_n to_o these_o may_v be_v add_v those_o extraordinary_a improvement_n make_v by_o chandler_n ash_n consist_v of_o oily_a and_o saline_a particle_n as_o likewise_o the_o impost_n of_o malpighius_n prepare_v with_o a_o infusion_n of_o sheep_n dung_n pigeon_n dung_n and_o a_o small_a quantity_n of_o nitre_n of_o which_o i_o see_v a_o instance_n the_o last_o year_n at_o edgecroft_n in_o lancashire_n by_o which_o from_o a_o four_o part_n of_o seed_n in_o the_o most_o barren_a part_n of_o the_o field_n i_o see_v a_o very_a luxuriant_a crop_n it_o may_v do_v well_o for_o our_o gentry_n who_o inhabit_v their_o country_n seat_n and_o husbandman_n thorough_o to_o consider_v this_o since_o the_o right_a application_n of_o it_o to_o a_o proper_a soil_n may_v be_v of_o so_o great_a advantage_n and_o who_o know_v what_o this_o even_o in_o the_o most_o cold_a and_o barren_a ground_n may_v effect_v which_o hitherto_o for_o the_o great_a part_n have_v lie_v useless_a but_o beside_o what_o be_v here_o offer_v their_o interest_n may_v be_v a_o more_o incite_v argument_n to_o induce_v they_o to_o trial_n of_o this_o nature_n but_o can_v there_o be_v have_v a_o more_o ample_a demonstration_n of_o this_o hypothesis_n than_o even_o from_o water_n and_o earth_n themselves_o how_o common_a be_v it_o to_o observe_v earth_n by_o be_v long_o pen_v up_o to_o emit_v sulphureous_a effluvia_fw-la hence_o we_o have_v foetid_v smell_v by_o open_v of_o ditch_n and_o sluice_n and_o hence_o probable_o it_o be_v that_o in_o consumptive_a case_n from_o plough_v ground_n that_o have_v for_o a_o considerable_a time_n be_v pasture_n many_o person_n have_v receive_v benefit_n which_o must_v assure_o proceed_v from_o sulphureous_a benign_a particle_n loosen_v from_o their_o cell_n and_o convey_v to_o the_o mass_n of_o blood_n which_o by_o their_o activity_n obtund_v the_o saline_a particle_n that_o make_v the_o coagulum_fw-la and_o in_o short_a prevent_v the_o putrefaction_n which_o bring_v on_o a_o phthisis_fw-la or_o consumption_n and_o as_o to_o water_n nothing_o be_v more_o common_a than_o it_o to_o grow_v nauseous_o foetid_v by_o long_o keep_v which_o phaenomenon_n sufficient_o evince_v the_o existence_n of_o sulphureous_a particle_n in_o that_o element_n beside_o some_o sulphureous_a water_n in_o four_o day_n by_o be_v close_o stop_v become_v extreme_o foetid_v as_o st._n ann_n at_o buxton_n in_o derbyshire_n which_o expose_v to_o open_a air_n alter_v not_o at_o all_o nor_o have_v the_o least_o ungrateful_a smell_n the_o reason_n be_v because_o those_o sulphureous_a effluvia_fw-la which_o have_v spend_v themselves_o in_o a_o free_a air_n be_v now_o force_v by_o their_o confinement_n to_o unite_v with_o saline_a particle_n and_o thence_o by_o their_o point_n grate_v upon_o the_o organ_n and_o be_v foetid_v and_o offensive_a it_o be_v likewise_o to_o be_v observe_v that_o if_o these_o sulphureous_a particle_n be_v pen_v up_o in_o any_o aquaduct_n that_o then_o by_o their_o collision_n upon_o one_o another_o they_o become_v excessive_a hot_a hence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o hot_a bath_n at_o aix_n la_fw-fr chappel_n in_o the_o bishop_n of_o leige_n country_n be_v cause_v by_o retard_v the_o hot_a spring_n with_o a_o stoppel_n and_o in_o a_o little_a time_n after_o by_o give_v it_o vent_v the_o water_n be_v render_v very_o hot_a and_o even_o too_o intense_a to_o be_v endure_v this_o instance_n far_o confirm_v our_o hypothesis_n concern_v the_o heat_n in_o bath_n and_o by_o this_o phaenomenon_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o if_o the_o same_o essay_n be_v put_v in_o practice_n at_o buxton_n the_o bath_n there_o may_v be_v bring_v to_o any_o
a_o great_a measure_n depend_v upon_o the_o magnitude_n and_o number_n of_o their_o pore_n and_o according_a to_o those_o various_o subside_v conformable_a to_o these_o phaenomena_n be_v moses_n history_n of_o the_o creation_n where_o in_o the_o first_o chapter_n of_o genesis_n he_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o earth_n be_v without_o form_n and_o void_a and_o darkness_n be_v upon_o the_o face_n of_o the_o deep_a and_o that_o the_o spirit_n of_o god_n move_v upon_o the_o face_n of_o the_o water_n but_o these_o last_o word_n be_v more_o apt_o express_v by_o junius_n and_o tremellius_n those_o two_o great_a master_n of_o the_o hebrew_n language_n who_o from_o the_o hebrew_n text_n translate_v it_o not_o movebat_fw-la but_o spiritus_fw-la dei_fw-la incubabat_fw-la superficiei_fw-la aquarum_fw-la that_o be_v the_o spirit_n of_o god_n brood_a upon_o the_o face_n of_o the_o water_n a_o metaphor_n take_v from_o a_o fowl_n hatch_n her_o young_a one_o the_o explication_n of_o which_o text_n further_a evince_n that_o at_o the_o creation_n before_o any_o thing_n be_v reduce_v to_o form_n this_o globe_n be_v a_o immense_a liquid_a consist_v of_o all_o sort_n of_o particle_n hence_o not_o only_o from_o phaenomena_n in_o nature_n but_o likewise_o from_o divine_a writ_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o these_o prodigious_a mountain_n be_v the_o subsidence_n of_o a_o fluid_a wherefore_o how_o rugged_a soever_o these_o may_v appear_v to_o the_o eye_n yet_o even_o these_o if_o we_o pry_v into_o their_o innermost_a recess_n undeniable_o evidence_n the_o power_n of_o nature_n and_o the_o existence_n of_o a_o omnipotent_a be_v so_o that_o though_o there_o be_v not_o a_o universal_a dissolution_n of_o their_o strata_n at_o the_o deluge_n as_o be_v before_o manifest_v yet_o to_o account_v for_o the_o various_a phaenomena_n observable_a in_o those_o mountain_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o they_o must_v once_o have_v be_v fluid_a body_n and_o successive_o indurate_v into_o these_o hard_a consistence_n by_o their_o own_o gravity_n and_o the_o heat_n and_o salt_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n upon_o the_o recede_a of_o the_o water_n as_o moses_n clear_o evince_v in_o the_o same_o chapter_n where_o god_n say_v let_v the_o water_n under_o the_o heaven_n be_v gather_v together_o into_o one_o place_n and_o let_v the_o dry_a land_n appear_v and_o it_o be_v so_o and_o the_o evening_n and_o the_o morning_n be_v the_o first_o day_n which_o bring_v i_o to_o a_o small_a digression_n in_o inquire_v what_o in_o those_o antediluvian_n age_n be_v mean_v by_o a_o day_n a_o hour_n or_o a_o year_n the_o latin_a word_n hora_n have_v be_v judge_v by_o some_o to_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o greek_a word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o signify_v to_o limit_v or_o bind_v because_o it_o be_v the_o measure_n of_o time_n so_o in_o mathethematics_n come_v the_o word_n horizon_n because_o that_o terminate_v the_o sight_n but_o macrobius_n and_o pausanias_n both_o allege_v that_o its_o original_n be_v owe_v to_o the_o egyptian_n because_o the_o sun_n in_o their_o language_n be_v style_v horum_fw-la the_o septuagint_a interpreter_n will_v have_v it_o indifferent_o to_o express_v a_o short_a space_n of_o time_n hence_o in_o st._n luke_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v use_v for_o suppertime_n some_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o hour_n ancient_o signify_v the_o four_o season_n of_o the_o year_n hence_o the_o greek_a annal_n call_v they_o their_o hori_n and_o their_o writer_n horographici_fw-la some_o there_o be_v that_o think_v the_o greek_n call_v that_o part_n of_o time_n a_o hour_n wherein_o the_o dog-star_n arise_v hence_o galen_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr alimentis_fw-la call_v those_o horean_a fruit_n which_o spring_v up_o at_o that_o time_n wherein_o the_o dog-star_n arise_v in_o general_a by_o a_o hour_n the_o ancient_n have_v signify_v a_o age_n and_o by_o the_o twelve_o hour_n old_a age_n as_o some_o will_v have_v it_o hence_o in_o that_o dialogue_n of_o marcus_n crassus_n and_o the_o k._n of_o galatia_n come_v that_o expression_n what_o man_n say_v he_o be_v not_o thou_o now_o arrive_v at_o the_o twelve_o hour_n and_o yet_o talk_v of_o build_v a_o new_a city_n but_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o think_v this_o might_n rather_o be_v metaphorical_o speak_v because_o in_o the_o computation_n of_o time_n for_o the_o great_a part_n so_o many_o hour_n terminate_v the_o artificial_a day_n it_o may_v therefore_o not_o unapt_o be_v compare_v to_o the_o period_n of_o old_a age._n herodotus_n relate_v that_o the_o grecian_n from_o the_o egyptian_n receive_v the_o use_n of_o the_o pole_n the_o gnomon_n and_o the_o twelve_o part_n of_o the_o day_n and_o the_o original_n of_o that_o use_v among_o the_o egyptian_n be_v because_o their_o priest_n in_o those_o day_n be_v accustom_v twelve_o time_n a_o day_n to_o make_v a_o noise_n to_o their_o cynocephalus_n and_o cicero_n take_v notice_n of_o such_o a_o ceremony_n to_o serapis_n from_o which_o it_o seem_v clear_a that_o a_o hour_n in_o those_o day_n be_v the_o same_o as_o now_o in_o the_o computation_n of_o time_n and_o that_o dial_n of_o ahaz_n where_o the_o miracle_n be_v wrought_v of_o the_o sun_n be_v go_v back_o ten_o degree_n seem_v to_o confirm_v that_o the_o jew_n in_o those_o day_n compute_v time_n in_o the_o like_a manner_n for_o all_o interpreter_n agree_v those_o degree_n be_v the_o indices_fw-la of_o such_o part_n of_o the_o day_n and_o the_o description_n that_o pancirollus_n give_v we_o of_o a_o instrument_n among_o the_o ancient_a roman_n far_o evince_v the_o truth_n of_o this_o hypothesis_n they_o take_v say_v he_o a_o vessel_n make_v of_o glass_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o which_o be_v a_o narrow_a hole_n do_v about_o with_o gold_n lest_o the_o water_n shall_v wear_v it_o away_o on_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o vessel_n be_v draw_v a_o right_a line_n have_v the_o 12_o hour_n set_v upon_o it_o after_o which_o they_o fill_v the_o vessel_n with_o water_n which_o issue_v drop_n by_o drop_n out_o of_o the_o little_a hole_n they_o thrust_v a_o cork_n into_o the_o water_n fasten_v to_o a_o little_a wand_n the_o end_n of_o which_o point_v at_o the_o first_o hour_n and_o as_o the_o water_n decrease_v at_o the_o second_o and_o three_o hour_n and_o so_o on_o this_o the_o greek_n call_v clepsydra_n from_o all_o which_o both_o from_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o jew_n egyptian_n greek_n and_o roman_n it_o be_v most_o probable_a that_o the_o antediluvian_o compute_v time_n as_o we_o do_v now_o and_o that_o noah_n very_o likely_o transmit_v those_o instruction_n down_o to_o his_o posterity_n the_o next_o thing_n therefore_o to_o be_v consider_v be_v to_o illustrate_v what_o be_v mean_v by_o day_n day_n by_o all_o nation_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o kind_n the_o one_o natural_a the_o other_o artificial_a the_o one_o consist_v of_o twelve_o the_o other_o of_o twentyfour_o hour_n have_v therefore_o full_o explain_v what_o the_o ancient_n mean_v by_o hour_n i_o need_v not_o far_o to_o insist_v upon_o this_o point_n i_o shall_v then_o proceed_v to_o explain_v what_o be_v mean_v by_o a_o year_n the_o word_n annus_fw-la or_o year_n in_o the_o three_o ancient_a language_n be_v derive_v from_o a_o thing_n that_o turn_v round_o or_o a_o circle_n for_o so_o much_o the_o hebrew_n word_n do_v signify_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d hence_o the_o egyptian_n represent_v the_o year_n by_o a_o snake_n bite_v its_o tail_n but_o whether_o a_o lunar_a or_o solar_a year_n be_v mean_v by_o the_o patriarch_n be_v next_o to_o be_v consider_v the_o turk_n and_o arabian_n use_v the_o lunar_a year_n and_o the_o same_o custom_n be_v observe_v in_o tartary_n siam_n japan_n peru_n and_o in_o other_o place_n but_o kepler_n allege_v that_o the_o jew_n after_o their_o departure_n out_o of_o egypt_n use_v only_o the_o solar_a year_n the_o patriarch_n say_v he_o use_v the_o egyptian_a year_n of_o 365_o day_n and_o divide_v they_o into_o 12_o month_n and_o it_o be_v certain_a the_o jewish_a year_n until_o the_o grecian_a monarchy_n be_v whole_o solar_a that_o all_o their_o month_n save_o the_o last_o consist_v of_o 30_o day_n and_o josephus_n write_v that_o there_o be_v no_o innovation_n in_o their_o rite_n as_o to_o their_o year_n wherefore_o from_o the_o afore-recited_n authority_n and_o likewise_o from_o the_o jewish_a and_o egyptian_a hieroglyphical_a representation_n of_o a_o year_n it_o be_v high_o reasonable_a to_o conclude_v that_o the_o year_n speak_v of_o by_o the_o patriarch_n be_v solar_a year_n or_o 12_o month_n in_o which_o the_o sun_n perfect_v its_o course_n in_o the_o zodiac_n so_o that_o what_o some_o have_v offer_v to_o prove_v a_o hour_n or_o month_n to_o be_v a_o year_n among_o the_o ancient_n be_v groundless_a and_o be_v only_o a_o metaphorical_a allusion_n to_o a_o custom_n very_o frequent_a in_o the_o
eastern_a country_n to_o conclude_v from_o all_o the_o recite_v phaenomena_n if_o we_o will_v but_o appeal_v to_o our_o sense_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o moses_n narrative_a of_o the_o deluge_n be_v not_o only_o the_o most_o true_a but_o the_o most_o complete_a i_o can_v therefore_o but_o admire_v at_o the_o theorist_n and_o mr._n whiston_n who_o affirm_v that_o before_o the_o deluge_n there_o be_v no_o mountain_n in_o the_o first_o place_n the_o argument_n they_o offer_v be_v no_o way_n conclusive_a but_o bare_o hypothetical_n a_o mere_a beg_n of_o the_o question_n they_o have_v indeed_o supply_v we_o with_o polite_a scheme_n and_o witty_a allegory_n and_o where_o they_o do_v not_o by_o dint_n of_o reason_n convince_v we_o like_o siren_n by_o their_o wit_n they_o charm_v we_o but_o it_o be_v not_o paint_v that_o can_v long_o preserve_v the_o feature_n after_o that_o be_v once_o discover_v the_o face_n appear_v more_o deform_v i_o can_v no_o more_o think_v the_o world_n before_o the_o 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water_n in_o continue_a cataract_n for_o forty_o day_n and_o night_n in_o so_o strange_a a_o convulsion_n i_o say_v from_o the_o recite_v phaenomenon_n we_o may_v form_v some_o inadequate_a idea_n how_o that_o terrible_a destruction_n be_v accomplish_v and_o since_o we_o be_v treat_v of_o flood_n i_o think_v it_o a_o pardonable_a digression_n if_o i_o give_v a_o account_n of_o a_o spout_v see_v by_o my_o brother_n within_o these_o two_o year_n in_o his_o voyage_n to_o virginia_n the_o figure_n of_o it_o as_o he_o affirm_v be_v like_o a_o spire-steeple_n invert_v and_o hang_v for_o a_o considerable_a time_n from_o the_o cloud_n to_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o sea_n it_o afterward_o divide_v and_o then_o the_o sea_n be_v in_o a_o most_o violent_a commotion_n which_o be_v observe_v by_o the_o flower_a of_o the_o water_n as_o he_o style_v it_o the_o low_a pillar_n hang_v for_o a_o considerable_a time_n upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n but_o at_o length_n vanish_v the_o upper_a part_n from_o the_o cloud_n remain_v long_a his_o conjecture_n be_v that_o the_o spout_n be_v not_o a_o column_n of_o water_n that_o ascend_v out_o of_o the_o sea_n but_o a_o cloud_n only_o that_o hang_v down_o to_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n and_o he_o give_v these_o reason_n for_o it_o first_o because_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o pillar_n continue_v much_o long_o than_o the_o low_a part_n after_o its_o division_n in_o the_o second_o place_n before_o the_o spout_n appear_v the_o air_n be_v extreme_o dark_a and_o by_o that_o the_o seaman_n predict_v the_o appearance_n of_o a_o spout_n what_o former_a account_n we_o have_v of_o spout_n in_o author_n be_v different_a from_o this_o whether_o therefore_o there_o may_v be_v various_a sort_n of_o spout_n i_o shall_v not_o determine_v as_o be_v foreign_a to_o this_o undertake_n dampier_n confirm_v
this_o account_n by_o the_o description_n which_o he_o give_v we_o of_o a_o spout_n in_o his_o first_o volume_n pag._n 451._o he_o say_v it_o be_v a_o small_a ragged_a piece_n or_o part_n of_o a_o cloud_n hang_v down_o about_o a_o yard_n seem_o from_o the_o black_a part_n thereof_o common_o it_o hang_v down_o slope_v from_o thence_o or_o sometime_o appear_v with_o a_o small_a bend_n or_o elbow_n in_o the_o middle_n i_o never_o see_v any_o hang_v perpendicular_o down_o it_o be_v small_a at_o the_o low_a end_n seem_v no_o big_a than_o one_o arm_v but_o it_o be_v full_a towards_o the_o cloud_n from_o whence_o it_o proceed_v when_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n begin_v to_o work_v you_o shall_v see_v the_o sea_n for_o about_o 100_o pace_n in_o circumference_n foam_n and_o move_v gentle_o round_a till_o the_o whirl_a motion_n increase_v and_o then_o it_o fly_v upward_o in_o a_o pillar_n about_o 100_o pace_n in_o compass_n at_o the_o bottom_n but_o lessen_v gradual_o upward_o to_o the_o 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capt._n record_n of_o london_n bind_v for_o the_o coast_n of_o guinea_n in_o a_o ship_n of_o 300_o tun_n and_o 16_o gun_n call_v the_o blessing_n when_o he_o come_v into_o the_o latitude_n of_o 7_o or_o 8_o degree_n north_n he_o see_v several_a spout_n one_o of_o which_o come_v direct_o towards_o the_o ship_n and_o he_o have_v no_o wind_n to_o get_v out_o of_o the_o way_n of_o the_o spout_n make_v ready_a to_o receive_v it_o by_o furl_v his_o sail_n it_o come_v on_o very_o swift_a and_o break_v a_o little_a before_o it_o reach_v the_o ship_n make_v a_o great_a noise_n and_o raise_v the_o sea_n round_o it_o as_o if_o a_o great_a house_n or_o some_o such_o thing_n have_v be_v cast_v into_o the_o sea_n the_o fury_n of_o the_o wind_n still_o last_v and_o take_v the_o ship_n on_o the_o starboard-bow_n with_o such_o violence_n that_o it_o snap_v off_o the_o boltsprit_fw-fr and_o foremast_n both_o at_o once_o and_o blow_v the_o ship_n all_o along_o ready_a to_o overset_a it_o but_o the_o 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woodward_n in_o his_o philosophical_a essay_n allege_v to_o these_o i_o will_v only_o add_v a_o instance_n or_o two_o more_o which_o may_v easy_o slip_v a_o undiscerning_a eye_n and_o though_o the_o observation_n to_o some_o may_v seem_v trivial_a yet_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o the_o matter_n when_o right_o consider_v carry_v weight_n along_o with_o it_o and_o may_v just_o challenge_v our_o enquiry_n i_o have_v in_o some_o part_n several_a league_n from_o the_o ocean_n two_o yard_n within_o marle_n see_v stone_n of_o a_o considerable_a magnitude_n most_o exact_o divide_v yet_o adapt_v to_o that_o height_n of_o symmetry_n and_o nice_a proportion_n of_o part_n when_o join_v that_o no_o tally_n nor_o the_o most_o curious_o divide_v body_n can_v more_o exact_o close_v their_o fissure_n and_o in_o a_o horizontal_a line_n betwixt_o these_o 8_o or_o 10_o yard_n of_o marle_n interpose_v consider_v therefore_o that_o those_o stone_n in_o all_o probability_n be_v original_o but_o one_o the_o distance_n betwixt_o they_o and_o their_o depth_n in_o the_o marl_n it_o must_v sure_o be_v most_o consonant_a to_o reason_n to_o conclude_v that_o they_o be_v only_o split_v not_o dissolve_v in_o that_o unaccountable_a hurry_n at_o the_o deluge_n and_o embalm_v there_o to_o perpetuate_v its_o veracity_n betwixt_o these_o be_v often_o to_o be_v find_v marine_a shell_n which_o sufficient_o evidence_n this_o hypothesis_n nor_o have_v we_o those_o disport_n only_o of_o shell_n and_o fossil_a plant_n in_o body_n that_o be_v impregnate_v with_o spar_n alabaster_n bitumen_n and_o the_o pyrite_n but_o likewise_o other_o phaenomena_n of_o the_o like_a nature_n particular_o at_o the_o kennel-pit_n at_o haigh_n in_o lancashire_n in_o several_a slate_n of_o which_o i_o have_v see_v long_a parallel_n cylinder_v join_v together_o and_o run_v in_o direct_a line_n imprint_v in_o solid_a stone_n twice_o the_o length_n of_o a_o man_n finger_n and_o the_o breadth_n or_o more_o of_o his_o hand_n a_o evident_a demonstration_n that_o this_o firm_a substance_n must_v original_o be_v a_o fluid_a which_o allow_v it_o will_v be_v no_o difficulty_n to_o account_v for_o the_o various_a representation_n of_o shell_n and_o vegetable_n these_o be_v first_o communicate_v to_o i_o by_o that_o honour_a and_o learned_a lady_n the_o lady_n guise_n mother_n to_o the_o present_a lady_n bradshaw_n of_o haigh_n but_o far_a to_o demonstrate_v that_o solid_n be_v original_o fluid_n a_o more_o convince_a instance_n can_v be_v produce_v than_o in_o the_o stone_n call_v buphthalmos_n or_o ox-eye_n so_o style_v from_o the_o analogy_n it_o bear_v to_o that_o organ_n in_o this_o there_o be_v a_o pibble_n of_o a_o sable_a colour_n include_v in_o a_o alabaster_n spar_n and_o the_o spar_v so_o strict_o adhere_v to_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o pibble_n without_o the_o least_o unevenness_n and_o compose_v so_o exact_o a_o convex_a figure_n like_o that_o of_o a_o eye_n that_o it_o be_v impossible_a they_o shall_v come_v into_o that_o shape_n but_o as_o the_o chemist_n term_v it_o in_o statu_fw-la fluoris_fw-la these_o be_v find_v on_o the_o seacoast_n in_o lancashire_n and_o wirehal_o in_o cheshire_n chap._n vii_o of_o fish_n the_o curious_a here_o have_v a_o large_a field_n of_o philosophy_n to_o range_v in_o since_o both_o the_o sea_n and_o river_n in_o these_o county_n present_v we_o almost_o with_o a_o infinite_a variety_n of_o these_o creature_n i_o shall_v not_o expatiate_v upon_o each_o particular_a species_n of_o fish_n but_o only_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o most_o remarkable_a which_o have_v occur_v to_o my_o observation_n in_o the_o sea_n river_n pond_n and_o meers_n the_o sea_n frequent_o afford_v we_o seal_n or_o seacalve_n and_o those_o of_o different_a magnitude_n they_o be_v often_o throw_v up_o in_o salt-river_n form_v by_o the_o tide_n some_o i_o have_v see_v eight_o some_o twelve_o foot_n long_o but_o these_o be_v most_o common_a in_o the_o baltic_a ocean_n where_o the_o russes_z take_v they_o in_o great_a quantity_n the_o method_n be_v very_o remarkable_a they_o general_o go_v out_o in_o great_a number_n to_o hunt_v they_o sometime_o they_o find_v three_o or_o four_o thousand_o together_o bask_v themselves_o upon_o the_o ice_n these_o than_o they_o surround_v which_o when_o the_o seacalve_n discern_v they_o pile_v themselves_o upon_o a_o heap_n as_o it_o be_v probable_a by_o that_o mean_n to_o break_v the_o ice_n and_o quit_v themselves_o from_o the_o enemy_n which_o they_o sometime_o do_v and_o frequent_o so_o bend_v the_o ice_n that_o they_o be_v oblige_v to_o wade_v to_o a_o considerable_a depth_n to_o attack_v they_o so_o remarkable_a be_v the_o principle_n of_o self-preservation_n in_o all_o creature_n whatever_o their_o food_n be_v upon_o fish_n but_o i_o find_v by_o one_o
such_o a_o bed_n the_o oyster_n and_o lobster_n be_v very_o common_a and_o likewise_o the_o shrimp_n and_o praw_v the_o prawn_n be_v a_o fish_n not_o much_o unlike_o the_o shrimp_n but_o much_o large_a and_o far_o better_a meat_n and_o in_o my_o thought_n the_o most_o please_a of_o any_o shellfish_n whatever_o it_o generate_v in_o egg_n and_o of_o these_o it_o deposits_n a_o infinite_a number_n which_o by_o a_o clammy_a matter_n it_o fasten_v to_o the_o rock_n and_o pile_n they_o one_o upon_o another_o till_o they_o look_v like_o a_o pyramid_n invert_v and_o hang_v like_o icicle_n on_o the_o verge_n of_o a_o penthouse_n we_o have_v the_o best_a and_o large_a cockle_n in_o england_n here_o and_o muscle_n in_o that_o number_n that_o upon_o the_o seacoast_n they_o manure_v their_o ground_n with_o they_o the_o pearl-muscle_n be_v very_o common_a which_o lead_v i_o to_o give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o germination_n of_o pearl_n the_o formation_n of_o the_o shell_n of_o muscle_n i_o have_v observe_v from_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o pin_n head_n to_o 2_o inch_n in_o length_n and_o find_v in_o their_o first_o formation_n that_o the_o shell_n be_v pellucid_a but_o afterward_o as_o the_o lamellae_n be_v constant_o form_v they_o become_v opaque_fw-la their_o substance_n at_o first_o seem_v to_o i_o to_o be_v a_o gluten_n throw_v off_o from_o the_o fish_n and_o indurate_v by_o the_o air_n as_o the_o fish_n grow_v in_o bigness_n it_o still_o emit_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o this_o and_o so_o the_o shell_n continual_o increase_v till_o it_o arrive_v to_o its_o full_a hardness_n and_o maturity_n in_o these_o shell_n and_o likewise_o in_o oyster-shell_n i_o have_v frequent_o find_v pearl_n some_o just_a appear_v through_o the_o innermost_a lamellae_n other_o half_a through_o some_o hang_n like_o fruit_n upon_o a_o pedestal_n other_o drop_v from_o the_o mother_n of_o pearl_n and_o stick_v on_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o fish_n whence_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o pearl_n be_v not_o form_v by_o dews_n as_o some_o have_v observe_v nor_o within_o the_o fish_n as_o other_o but_o in_o the_o shell_n itself_o i_o find_v the_o pearl_n as_o well_o as_o the_o shell_n to_o consist_v of_o various_a laminae_fw-la wrap_v one_o within_o another_o and_o betwixt_o the_o mater_fw-la perlarum_fw-la and_o the_o pearl_n i_o can_v never_o observe_v any_o extraordinary_a difference_n only_o i_o think_v the_o pearl_n make_v a_o great_a fermentation_n with_o a_o acid_n whence_o it_o be_v most_o probable_a that_o the_o most_o volatile_a part_n of_o the_o mater_fw-la perlarum_fw-la protrude_v itself_o from_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o laminae_fw-la and_o so_o constant_o press_v forward_o till_o it_o force_v its_o passage_n into_o the_o shell_n itself_o and_o so_o form_v the_o pearl_n they_o be_v general_o of_o a_o spherical_a figure_n make_v so_o i_o conjecture_v by_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o shell_n these_o pearl_n be_v of_o great_a use_n in_o physic_n and_o do_v the_o people_n industrious_o apply_v themselves_o to_o the_o get_n of_o they_o considerable_a quantity_n may_v be_v acquire_v at_o a_o less_o price_n than_o crab_n eye_n which_o they_o infinite_o surpass_v though_o they_o be_v genuine_a but_o for_o the_o most_o part_n they_o be_v adulterate_v and_o instead_o of_o crab_n eye_n we_o have_v mere_o a_o composition_n of_o chalk_n and_o mucilage_n or_o perhaps_o tobacco-pipe_n clay_n to_o the_o infinite_a prejudice_n of_o the_o patient_n from_o what_o have_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o germination_n of_o pearl_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o what_o christophorus_n sandius_n from_o hamburgh_n transmit_v to_o the_o royal_a society_n at_o london_n must_v necessary_o be_v a_o mistake_n which_o that_o the_o reader_n may_v more_o easy_o apprehend_v i_o shall_v transcribe_v the_o account_n he_o give_v to_o that_o learned_a body_n and_o leave_v it_o to_o any_o unprejudiced_a person_n to_o judge_v of_o his_o error_n since_o any_o of_o the_o most_o curious_a may_v any_o day_n in_o the_o year_n in_o the_o river_n wire_n near_o hambleton_n in_o lancashire_n have_v a_o full_a demonstration_n to_o the_o contrary_n the_o first_o letter_n run_v thus_o be_v translate_v by_o the_o publisher_n of_o the_o philosophical_a transaction_n march_v 25._o a._n d._n 1674._o touch_v the_o origin_n of_o pearl_n of_o which_o i_o former_o give_v a_o intimation_n be_v please_v to_o receive_v the_o follow_a account_n the_o pearl-shell_n in_o norway_n and_o elsewhere_o do_v breed_v in_o sweet_a water_n their_o shell_n be_v like_a to_o those_o which_o common_o be_v call_v muscle_n but_o they_o be_v large_a the_o fish_n in_o they_o look_v like_o a_o oyster_n and_o it_o produce_v a_o great_a cluster_n of_o egg_n like_o those_o of_o crayfish_n some_o white_a some_o black_a which_o latter_a will_v yet_o become_v white_a the_o outer_a black_a coat_n be_v take_v off_o these_o egg_n when_o ripe_a be_v cast_v out_o and_o be_v cast_v out_o they_o grow_v and_o become_v like_o those_o that_o cast_v they_o but_o sometime_o it_o happen_v that_o one_o or_o two_o of_o these_o egg_n stick_v fast_o to_o the_o side_n of_o the_o matrix_fw-la and_o be_v not_o void_v with_o the_o rest_n these_o be_v feed_v by_o the_o oyster_n against_o its_o will_n and_o they_o do_v grow_v according_a to_o the_o length_n of_o time_n into_o pearl_n of_o different_a bigness_n and_o imprint_v a_o mark_n both_o in_o the_o shell_n and_o fish_n by_o the_o situation_n conform_v to_o its_o figure_n upon_o which_o i_o can_v but_o remark_n in_o the_o follow_a manner_n and_o indeed_o in_o do_v that_o can_v scarce_o confine_v myself_o within_o the_o rule_n of_o decency_n there_o be_v not_o one_o true_a line_n in_o the_o whole_a letter_n for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n they_o do_v not_o always_o breed_v in_o fresh_a but_o likewise_o in_o salt_n water_n as_o be_v evident_a in_o the_o river_n wire_n where_o the_o water_n be_v continual_o salt_n and_o when_o the_o tide_n flow_v little_o less_o brackish_a than_o the_o sea_n itself_o in_o the_o second_o place_n the_o shell_n be_v not_o only_o like_o that_o of_o a_o muscle_n but_o the_o fish_n also_o be_v a_o real_a muscle_n and_o not_o a_o oyster_n in_o the_o three_o place_n in_o those_o fish_n never_o any_o egg_n be_v discern_v consequent_o it_o be_v not_o possible_a that_o the_o pearl_n shall_v be_v the_o egg_n of_o the_o fish_n but_o on_o the_o contrary_a it_o be_v demonstrable_a by_o the_o instance_n above-recited_n that_o the_o pearl_n be_v various_a protrusion_n from_o the_o laminae_fw-la of_o the_o shell_n and_o those_o i_o have_v observe_v as_o well_o in_o the_o black_a as_o in_o the_o crystalline_a laminae_fw-la have_v frequent_o see_v black_a pearl_n as_o well_o as_o the_o crystalline_a one_o which_o be_v so_o many_o envelopment_n of_o the_o mother_n of_o pearl_n four_o by_o what_o be_v allege_v it_o be_v evident_a that_o these_o be_v not_o feed_v by_o the_o oyster_n against_o its_o will_n and_o that_o they_o do_v not_o any_o far_o imprint_v a_o mark_n into_o the_o shell_n than_o by_o drop_v out_o of_o it_o but_o indeed_o after_o that_o they_o do_v common_o leave_v a_o bruise_v there_o by_o which_o you_o may_v easy_o discern_v how_o many_o pearl_n have_v vegetate_v from_o each_o particular_a shell_n a_o phaenomenon_n not_o much_o unlike_o this_o i_o once_o observe_v at_o oxford_n in_o a_o water-rat_n that_o be_v pregnant_a upon_o a_o dissection_n of_o she_o for_o by_o open_v the_o ovaria_n we_o find_v as_o many_o knot_n in_o those_o as_o there_o be_v young_a one_o in_o the_o uterus_fw-la his_o second_o letter_n be_v date_v the_o 27._o of_o february_n 1674._o and_o be_v as_o follow_v as_o to_o the_o authority_n i_o have_v to_o assert_v such_o a_o origin_n of_o pearl_n as_o i_o have_v do_v in_o my_o former_a i_o here_o declare_v that_o a_o certain_a dane_n call_v henricus_n arnoldi_n a_o ingenious_a and_o veracious_a person_n have_v by_o his_o own_o experience_n find_v it_o so_o at_o christiania_n in_o norway_n do_v in_o that_o manner_n relate_v it_o to_o i_o as_o i_o impart_v it_o to_o you_o he_o have_v with_o great_a seriousness_n assure_v i_o of_o the_o truth_n thereof_o beside_o the_o thing_n seem_v high_o probable_a neither_o do_v any_o considerable_a objection_n appear_v against_o it_o if_o i_o shall_v chance_v to_o go_v into_o those_o part_n or_o at_o least_o into_o the_o country_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o brunswick_n where_o also_o pearl_n be_v find_v not_o inferior_a to_o the_o oriental_a once_o of_o the_o same_o size_n i_o shall_v not_o fail_v to_o endeavour_v to_o make_v the_o observation_n myself_o from_o what_o have_v be_v before_o observe_v it_o be_v plain_a his_o hypothesis_n be_v not_o probable_a and_o that_o there_o be_v unanswerable_a objection_n against_o it_o so_o that_o his_o very_a all_o centre_v only_o in_o a_o relation_n
year_n subsist_v only_o on_o root_n and_o fish_n and_o never_o go_v to_o bed_n but_o be_v now_o dead_a what_o far_o may_v be_v say_v in_o relation_n to_o the_o char_n be_v communicate_v to_o i_o by_o my_o honour_a friend_n and_o relation_n sr._n daniel_n fleming_n of_o rydall_a in_o the_o county_n of_o westmoreland_n winder-mere_a say_v he_o according_a to_o the_o english_a saxon_n be_v windal-mee_a which_o some_o think_v to_o be_v so_o denominate_v from_o the_o great_a wind_n frequent_a there_o other_o from_o its_o wind_a and_o turn_v in_o and_o out_o and_o other_o from_o a_o person_n be_v name_n as_o well_o as_o that_o of_o thurston-mee_a now_o call_v coningston-water_n in_o lancashire_n and_o that_o of_o ulfe_n now_o style_v uls-water_n in_o cumberland_n which_o be_v both_o near_a thereunto_o which_o make_v the_o last_o conjecture_n the_o most_o probable_a this_o lough_n lake_n or_o mere_a be_v about_o a_o mile_n in_o breadth_n and_o ten_o mile_n in_o length_n with_o great_a variety_n of_o crooked_a bank_n which_o afford_v a_o agreeable_a prospect_n it_o be_v in_o several_a place_n of_o a_o great_a depth_n and_o produce_v many_o kind_n of_o fish_n as_o the_o char_n salmon_n pike_n bass_n perch_n eel_n etc._n etc._n this_o lake_n by_o some_o be_v place_v in_o lancashire_n but_o by_o other_o in_o westmoreland_n which_o be_v the_o more_o likely_a since_o the_o fishery_n thereof_o belong_v to_o the_o barony_n of_o kendal_n a_o town_n of_o great_a trade_n particular_o for_o cotton_n and_o the_o most_o note_a in_o that_o county_n this_o mere_a be_v the_o large_a in_o england_n and_o look_v as_o if_o it_o be_v pave_v or_o flag_v at_o the_o bottom_n with_o square_a stone_n a_o sight_n divert_v enough_o in_o fish_v our_o learned_a clarenceux_n be_v impose_v upon_o when_o he_o be_v inform_v that_o the_o char_n be_v a_o fish_n peculiar_a to_o winder-mere_a since_o in_o coningston-mee_a within_o five_o mile_n a_o char_n much_o fair_a and_o more_o serviceable_a be_v catch_v the_o char_n be_v a_o sort_n of_o fish_n about_o a_o quarter_n long_o somewhat_o like_o a_o trout_n and_o general_o red_a belly_a there_o be_v three_o sort_n the_o male_a which_o be_v large_a with_o a_o red_a belly_n but_o the_o flesh_n thereof_o somewhat_o white_a have_v a_o soft_a roe_n and_o be_v call_v the_o milting-char_n the_o female_a char_n be_v large_a but_o not_o so_o red-bellyed_a the_o flesh_n be_v very_o red_a within_o be_v full_a of_o hard_a roe_n or_o spawn_n which_o our_o philosopher_n in_o their_o discovery_n sufficient_o demonstrate_v to_o be_v the_o ova_fw-mi or_o egg_n of_o the_o fish_n which_o be_v fecundate_v by_o a_o milk_n inject_v on_o they_o by_o the_o male_a and_o perfect_v by_o the_o kind_a influence_n of_o the_o sun_n the_o ova_n thus_o impregnate_v be_v bury_v by_o the_o female_a in_o sludge_n or_o sand_n near_o the_o adjacent_a bank_n and_o so_o receive_v invigoration_n these_o be_v common_o call_v the_o rove_a char_n the_o three_o sort_n have_v no_o roe_n be_v common_o call_v the_o geld_v char._n these_o char_n differ_v from_o the_o welsh_a torgough_n a_o fish_n take_v in_o carnarvan-shire_n and_o the_o switzerland_n rentel_n these_o be_v probable_o the_o same_o with_o the_o case_n a_o sort_n of_o fish_n something_o like_o the_o char_n but_o spaw_v at_o a_o different_a time_n and_o catch_v in_o the_o river_n brathy_n that_o run_v into_o winder-mere_a the_o char_n be_v not_o to_o be_v catch_v by_o angle_a or_o any_o other_o method_n but_o by_o net_n they_o keep_v general_o in_o the_o deep_a part_n of_o the_o water_n and_o be_v most_o common_o catch_v in_o the_o cold_a wether_n when_o the_o bank_n be_v cover_v with_o snow_n the_o char_n never_o swim_v out_o of_o the_o mere_a but_o the_o case_n be_v take_v in_o divers_a river_n the_o river_n reke_v be_v remarkable_a for_o eel_n which_o i_o think_v i_o may_v affirm_v to_o be_v the_o fat_a in_o england_n and_o indeed_o to_o that_o degree_n of_o fatness_n that_o they_o almost_o 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be_v not_o strong_a enough_o to_o hold_v up_o the_o salt_n it_o be_v general_o cover_v with_o a_o thin_a film_n so_o i_o suppose_v in_o the_o evaporation_n of_o natron_n some_o particle_n of_o the_o water_n be_v fly_v away_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o sal_fw-la marine_n branch_v one_o into_o another_o and_o so_o incrustate_n upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n in_o this_o hypothesis_n i_o be_v the_o far_o confirm_v by_o this_o experiment_n i_o take_v some_o of_o the_o natron_n and_o dissolve_v it_o in_o water_n and_o set_v it_o to_o evaporate_v and_o i_o find_v that_o the_o salt_n do_v not_o incrustate_n upon_o the_o water_n till_o three_o part_n of_o the_o water_n be_v evaporate_v it_o do_v not_o therefore_o seem_v probable_a that_o all_o the_o nitre_n come_v from_o the_o bottom_n to_o the_o top_n and_o so_o condense_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n but_o that_o they_o incrustate_v when_o the_o saline_a particle_n branch_v one_o into_o another_o some_o of_o the_o aqueous_a part_n be_v exhale_v the_o reason_n why_o its_o volatile_a alkaly_n in_o evaporation_n do_v not_o fly_v quite_o away_o be_v because_o it_o be_v hold_v there_o by_o the_o sal_fw-la marine_n the_o next_o thing_n to_o be_v consider_v be_v its_o use_n in_o physic_n by_o pliny_n it_o be_v commend_v in_o ulcer_n and_o inflammation_n palsy_n in_o the_o tongue_n consumption_n colic_n haemorhagy_n purulent_a ear_n and_o intermit_a fever_n by_o galen_n it_o be_v say_v desiccat_fw-la &_o digerit_fw-la multo_fw-la autem_fw-la majus_fw-la ejus_fw-la spuma_fw-la by_o agricola_n its_o prescribe_a in_o the_o same_o case_n commend_v as_o a_o cephalic_a of_o wonderful_a success_n in_o the_o gripe_a of_o the_o gut_n intermit_a fever_n and_o the_o leprosy_n mathiolus_n commend_v it_o in_o the_o same_o case_n by_o hypocrates_n it_o be_v commend_v when_o the_o menstrua_fw-la be_v obstruct_v and_o again_o say_v he_o purgat_fw-la humores_fw-la albos_fw-mi convenit_fw-la in_o abortionibus_fw-la ubi_fw-la 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agriculture_n and_o in_o treat_v of_o this_o i_o think_v it_o convenient_a to_o premise_v one_o phaenomenon_n which_o it_o afford_v in_o evaporation_n when_o the_o salt_n have_v spread_v themselves_o over_o the_o water_n in_o a_o ice_n those_o thin_a plate_n after_o a_o while_n will_v break_v and_o ascend_v in_o perpendicular_a line_n to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o glass_n i_o do_v say_v therefore_o that_o nitre_n may_v be_v say_v to_o fertilise_v the_o ground_n after_o this_o manner_n it_o be_v volatile_a particle_n be_v by_o some_o subterraneous_a fire_n or_o else_o by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n they_o do_v quick_o ascend_v into_o the_o small_a tube_n of_o the_o plant_n and_o by_o their_o elastic_a nature_n carry_v along_o with_o they_o or_o force_v before_o they_o those_o particle_n which_o as_o they_o different_o convene_v constitute_v the_o different_a part_n of_o the_o plant._n but_o this_o conjecture_n will_v be_v make_v
and_o burst_v the_o vessel_n as_o be_v above_o recite_v one_o thing_n in_o this_o kind_n of_o dropsy_n be_v worthy_a our_o take_a notice_n of_o that_o the_o patient_n be_v not_o disturb_v with_o thirst_n the_o urine_n in_o quantity_n and_o quality_n laudable_a the_o appetite_n rather_o too_o crave_v than_o deject_a no_o pain_n invade_v save_v that_o of_o bear_v about_o so_o heavy_a a_o mass_n of_o water_n and_o this_o sort_n of_o dropsy_n be_v more_o incident_a to_o woman_n than_o man_n and_o though_o it_o have_v hitherto_o be_v mistake_v for_o a_o timpanite_n it_o be_v true_o a_o dropsy_n of_o the_o peritonaeum_fw-la the_o lymphduct_n of_o which_o membrane_n be_v burst_v and_o its_o glandule_n high_o tumify_v hence_o and_o no_o otherwise_o ensue_v the_o timpanite_n as_o shall_v be_v render_v apparent_a by_o the_o follow_a history_n for_o a_o far_a confirmation_n i_o refer_v you_o to_o nuck_v ettmullerus_n and_o juncken_a from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o ascite_v and_o anasarca_n may_v be_v easy_o deduce_v wherefore_o i_o shall_v not_o insist_v long_o on_o their_o aetioligy_n but_o shall_v proceed_v to_o illustrate_v our_o hypothesis_n in_o the_o follow_a case_n the_o first_o shall_v be_v of_o mr._n john_n leeds_n bachelor_n of_o physic_n who_o practise_v many_o year_n in_o this_o town_n of_o manchester_n he_o be_v seize_v with_o the_o black_a jaundice_n upon_o which_o ensue_v a_o ascite_v and_o anasarca_n no_o endeavour_n be_v want_v to_o relieve_v he_o and_o no_o method_n of_o physic_n unessayed_a to_o cope_v with_o the_o disease_n but_o in_o vain_a general_o belove_v and_o now_o as_o general_o lament_v he_o expire_v through_o the_o whole_a course_n of_o his_o distemper_n his_o digestion_n be_v good_a his_o thirst_n little_a or_o nothing_o at_o which_o i_o wonder_v his_o urine_n but_o small_a yet_o for_o colour_n and_o consistence_n like_o brumswick_n mum_o with_o a_o black_a sediment_n his_o body_n be_v emaciate_v and_o his_o 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bilious_a dropsy_n and_o challenge_n no_o original_a either_o from_o the_o stomach_n inflame_v or_o the_o conglobate_a gland_n indurated_a but_o only_o from_o a_o feculent_a bile_n obstruct_v both_o the_o glandule_n of_o the_o liver_n and_o its_o lymphatic_a vessel_n how_o the_o bile_n become_v thus_o degenerate_v be_v before_o explain_v the_o next_o instance_n parallel_v to_o this_o be_v of_o lieutenant_n colonel_n john_n williams_n in_o her_o late_a majesty_n regiment_n of_o dragoon_n he_o be_v seize_v with_o the_o black_a jaundice_n at_o his_o quarter_n in_o manchester_n the_o same_o ominous_a symptom_n ensue_v as_o in_o the_o precede_a case_n he_o swell_v gradual_o in_o the_o belly_n his_o urine_n in_o colour_n and_o quantity_n as_o be_v above_o recite_v yet_o his_o digestion_n be_v laudable_a enough_o and_o his_o thirst_n not_o troublesome_a the_o ascite_v and_o anasarca_n come_v on_o a_o pace_n all_o our_o attempt_n in_o the_o physical_a way_n give_v only_o some_o interval_n of_o ease_n alleviate_v indeed_o but_o remove_v not_o the_o main_a obstruction_n for_o several_a week_n he_o keep_v regular_o to_o a_o course_n of_o physic_n and_o diet_n towards_o the_o end_n of_o his_o distemper_n his_o cough_n be_v violent_o tedious_a and_o the_o swell_n of_o his_o thigh_n and_o leg_n fatigue_v he_o with_o a_o constant_a uneasiness_n insomuch_o that_o all_o rest_v interrupt_v even_o life_n itself_o grow_v burdensome_a thus_o every_o day_n decline_v his_o manly_a soul_n at_o length_n take_v flight_n about_o twenty_o four_o pint_n of_o water_n be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o abdomen_fw-la the_o omentum_fw-la be_v not_o so_o much_o consume_v as_o in_o mr._n leeds_n the_o stomach_n spleen_n and_o all_o the_o other_o viscera_n be_v genial_a enough_o except_o the_o liver_n where_o the_o same_o scene_n be_v represent_v to_o we_o as_o before_o and_o from_o whence_o unquestionable_o all_o that_o tragic_a series_n of_o mortal_a symptom_n arise_v it_o be_v easy_a to_o account_v for_o many_o more_o of_o the_o like_a case_n where_o the_o same_o unhappy_a train_n of_o consequence_n attend_v but_o these_o be_v particular_a dissection_n i_o fair_o in_o they_o appeal_v to_o a_o demonstration_n i_o shall_v now_o descend_v to_o illustrate_v my_o hypothesis_n of_o the_o lymphatic_a dropsy_n by_o the_o follow_a instance_n mrs._n heywood_n live_v at_o the_o road_n near_o manchester_n age_a about_o fifty_o eight_o for_o four_o year_n be_v afflict_v with_o the_o tympany_n all_o along_o she_o eat_v her_o food_n and_o digest_v it_o will_v be_v clear_a and_o free_a from_o thirst_n her_o urine_n be_v plentiful_a enough_o nor_o be_v her_o countenance_n any_o way_n alter_v from_o a_o healthful_a complexion_n and_o save_v for_o the_o increase_n of_o the_o tumour_n of_o the_o abdomen_fw-la she_o be_v other_o wise_a very_o hearty_a and_o sprightly_a she_o have_v go_v through_o all_o the_o class_n of_o physic_n but_o alas_o the_o numerous_a prescript_n of_o a_o multitude_n of_o physician_n be_v all_o unsuccessful_a her_o case_n be_v send_v up_o to_o the_o london_n physician_n where_o different_a opinion_n direct_v different_a method_n whether_o they_o have_v not_o right_o the_o case_n state_v to_o they_o or_o that_o the_o distance_n of_o place_n preclude_v their_o nice_a observation_n i_o can_v be_v positive_a but_o all_o endeavour_n be_v in_o vain_a her_o belly_n still_o increase_n to_o the_o magnitude_n of_o a_o large_a globe_n she_o sink_v beneath_o the_o load_n full_o seventy_o pint_n of_o water_n the_o great_a part_n very_o viscous_a be_v discharge_v from_o the_o cavity_n the_o muscle_n of_o the_o abdomen_fw-la be_v all_o emaciate_v and_o the_o omentum_fw-la total_o consume_v the_o peritonaeum_fw-la be_v full_o five_o inch_n thick_a who_o duplicature_n form_v a_o very_a large_a sacculus_fw-la all_o replete_v with_o schirrou_n glandule_n high_o tumify_v and_o pellucid_a vesicules_n as_o big_a as_o the_o common_a bunch_n of_o grape_n the_o liquor_n contain_v in_o these_o bladder_n be_v like_o the_o whites_n of_o egg_n clear_a and_o gelatinous_a the_o stomach_n spleen_n liver_n mesentery_n as_o much_o as_o i_o can_v perceive_v of_o they_o be_v in_o a_o pure_a natural_a state_n nor_o be_v the_o ovaria_n implete_v with_o those_o vesicules_n but_o appear_v very_o sound_a these_o be_v the_o most_o remarkable_a thing_n to_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o and_o doubtless_o the_o case_n be_v what_o be_v general_o call_v a_o timpany_n which_o notwithstanding_o if_o we_o will_v but_o credit_v our_o eye_n arise_v neither_o from_o a_o tetanus_n of_o the_o stomach_n nor_o as_o the_o ancient_n will_v have_v it_o from_o the_o flatness_n or_o vapour_n of_o the_o abdomen_fw-la but_o mere_o from_o the_o lymphatic_a vessel_n of_o the_o peritonaeum_fw-la distend_v and_o burst_v i_o have_v two_o case_n send_v i_o by_o the_o learned_a dr._n griffith_n who_o reside_v at_o warrington_n in_o lancashire_n in_o the_o year_n 1696._o since_o remove_v to_o dublin_n the_o one_o be_v in_o all_o circumstance_n like_o the_o last_o mention_v so_o i_o shall_v forbear_v to_o relate_v it_o in_o the_o other_o the_o uterus_fw-la prove_v to_o be_v the_o seat_n of_o the_o tumour_n from_o whence_o about_o sixteen_o pint_n of_o very_a putrid_a water_n be_v emit_v his_o account_n may_v be_v see_v at_o large_a in_o my_o 54_o exercitationes_fw-la print_v at_o oxford_n from_o all_o which_o it_o be_v abundant_o demonstrable_a that_o this_o lymphatic_a dropsy_n arise_v from_o the_o lympha_fw-la render_v viscid_n by_o saline_n particle_n for_o do_v it_o proceed_v from_o the_o inflammation_n of_o the_o bowel_n or_o glandule_n the_o patient_n will_v assure_o be_v afflict_v with_o thirst_n and_o complain_v of_o heat_n whereas_o neither_o be_v a_o grievance_n yet_o mistake_v i_o not_o as_o if_o i_o imagine_v every_o lymphatic_a dropsy_n to_o arise_v from_o the_o peritonaeum_fw-la i_o only_o assert_v that_o dropsy_n which_o be_v common_o call_v the_o timpany_n the_o other_o
but_o in_o dry_a wether_n and_o we_o may_v reasonable_o suppose_v there_o be_v a_o great_a number_n of_o boat_n of_o all_o fort_n belong_v to_o so_o large_a a_o fort_n and_o city_n the_o anchor-hill_n so_o call_v be_v as_o it_o be_v a_o little_a dock_n or_o hithe_n for_o the_o building_n or_o repair_v they_o and_o that_o the_o anchor_n ring_n and_o nail_n there_o find_v be_v only_o for_o then_o use_v and_o not_o for_o ship_n they_o be_v far_o too_o little_a either_o for_o ship_n of_o burden_n or_o war._n we_o can_v right_o make_v out_o what_o legion_n of_o the_o roman_n be_v plant_v here_o by_o any_o of_o the_o noble_a ruin_n we_o disclose_v however_o by_o what_o have_v be_v discover_v both_o the_o antiquity_n and_o grandeur_n of_o the_o place_n will_v be_v clear_o represent_v and_o our_o modern_a observation_n be_v no_o small_a supplement_n to_o the_o more_o ancient_a one_o where_o mr._n cambden_n and_o other_o have_v save_v i_o the_o trouble_v i_o shall_v fair_o name_v they_o in_o order_n and_o in_o conclusion_n add_v my_o own_o the_o first_o inscription_n mr._n cambden_n take_v notice_n of_o be_v at_o salisbury-hall_n on_o the_o pedestal_n of_o a_o pillar_n which_o be_v as_o follow_v deo_fw-la marti_fw-la et_fw-la victoriae_n dd._n augg_n et_fw-fr cc_o nn._n and_o in_o the_o wall_n adjoin_v to_o it_o be_v another_o stone_n with_o the_o portraiture_n of_o cupid_n and_o another_o little_a image_n and_o in_o the_o backside_n of_o it_o be_v this_o inscription_n seoseam_fw-la rolnason_n osalvedn_n al._n q._n q._n sar_n brevenm_fw-la bedianis_fw-la antoni_fw-la we_o meg_n vi_o i_fw-mi domv_fw-la eliter_fw-la these_o mr._n cambden_n suppose_v to_o be_v british_a name_n of_o place_n but_o i_o do_v not_o see_v how_o that_o can_v be_v make_v out_o but_o rather_o look_v upon_o they_o to_o be_v the_o name_n of_o officer_n in_o a_o wing_n of_o the_o sarmatian_n al._n q._n q._n sar_n denote_v the_o ala_fw-la sarmatum_fw-la or_o a_o wing_n of_o the_o sarmatians_n of_o which_o tacitus_n give_v a_o full_a account_n osalvedn_n may_v probable_o signify_v oswald_n town_n the_o noble_a family_n of_o the_o osbaldstones_n still_o reside_v there_o so_o that_o these_o name_n may_v not_o only_o be_v british_n but_o likewise_o roman_n and_o sarmatian_a his_o next_o account_n be_v of_o a_o fair_a altar_n with_o this_o inscription_n this_o matribus_n m._n ingenvi_n we_o a'siaticvs_n *_o dec_n al._n ast_n ss_z ll._n m._n the_o signification_n of_o which_o as_o cambden_n himself_o be_v silent_a so_o i_o refer_v it_o to_o other_o antiquary_n to_o discuss_v however_o upon_o my_o be_v last_o at_o oxford_n i_o receive_v there_o the_o satisfaction_n to_o find_v that_o juno_n and_o diana_n be_v constant_o call_v by_o the_o roman_n deae_fw-la matres_fw-la and_o the_o further_a explication_n of_o this_o altar_n be_v that_o ingenuis_fw-la a_o asiatic_n one_o of_o the_o decuriones_fw-la of_o the_o asturian_n wing_n dedicate_v this_o altar_n to_o the_o mother_n goddess_n juno_n and_o diana_n another_o little_a altar_n he_o see_v cast_v out_o among_o the_o rubbish_n with_o this_o inscription_n pacife_n ro_n marti_fw-la elegaur_fw-la basilius_n posv_v it_o exit_fw-la vo_o to_o this_o altar_n from_o its_o smallness_n mr._n cambden_n take_v to_o have_v be_v some_o poor_a man_n altar_n to_o carry_v about_o with_o he_o and_o to_o have_v be_v for_o offer_v incense_n salt_n and_o flower_n but_o to_o i_o this_o interpretation_n seem_v more_o reasonable_a from_o the_o very_a word_n themselves_o at_o length_n that_o elegaurba_n doubtless_o a_o commander_n there_o dedicate_v this_o altar_n to_o mars_n after_o some_o signal_n overthrow_n of_o the_o enemy_n and_o thence_o peace_n ensue_v he_o style_v he_o pacifero_fw-la but_o who_o this_o elegaurba_n be_v or_o what_o country_n man_n i_o pretend_v not_o to_o determine_v he_o speak_v also_o of_o another_o stone_n dig_v up_o with_o the_o portraiture_n of_o a_o naked_a man_n on_o horseback_n without_o bridle_n or_o saddle_n brandish_v his_o spear_n with_o both_o hand_n and_o insult_v over_o a_o naked_a man_n prostrate_v who_o hold_v out_o before_o he_o a_o kind_n of_o square_a piece_n between_o the_o horse_n and_o the_o person_n prostrate_v stand_v the_o letter_n d._n m._n under_o the_o prostrate_a man_n be_v gal._n sarmata_n there_o be_v other_o letter_n too_o deface_v to_o guess_v at_o one_o will_v imagine_v say_v he_o both_o from_o the_o former_a inscription_n and_o this_o that_o be_v find_v many_o year_n ago_o that_o a_o wing_n of_o the_o sarmatae_n have_v their_o station_n here_o his_o terris_fw-la tegitur_fw-la ael_n matrona_fw-la qv_fw-la vix_fw-la an._n xxviii_o m_o ii_o d_o viii_o et_fw-la m._n julius_n maximus_n fil._n vix_fw-la a_fw-la vi._n m_o iii_o d_o xx._n et_fw-fr cam_n pania_fw-la dubba_n mater_fw-la vix_fw-la an._n l._n julius_n maximus_n alae_n sar_n coniux_n coniugi_n incomparabili_fw-la et_fw-la filio_fw-la patri_fw-la pientis_fw-la simo_n et_fw-la socerae_fw-la tena_n cissimae_fw-la memoriae_fw-la p._n this_o inscription_n as_o i_o take_v it_o may_v be_v thus_o translate_v aael_n a_o matron_n who_o live_v 28_o year_n two_o month_n and_o eight_o day_n in_o this_o earth_n lie_v entomb_v and_o marcus_n julius_n maximus_n her_o son_n who_o live_v six_o year_n three_o month_n and_o twenty_o day_n and_o campania_n dubba_o her_o mother_n who_o live_v fifty_o year_n julius_n maximus_n and_o alae_n a_o sarmatian_a wife_n to_o her_o incomparable_a husband_n erect_v this_o to_o perpetuate_v the_o memory_n of_o simo_n the_o son_n of_o a_o pious_a father_n and_o his_o father_n in_o law_n now_o the_o word_n asiaticus_n in_o the_o inscription_n beginning_n with_o this_o matribus_fw-la and_o in_o that_o precede_a it_o beginning_n with_o seoseam_n and_o in_o this_o last_o of_o all_o that_o word_n sar_n be_v repeat_v it_o make_v it_o more_o probable_a to_o i_o that_o sarmatia_n be_v a_o part_n of_o asia_n and_o likewise_o part_v of_o europe_n contain_v poland_n russia_n muscovy_n and_o most_o of_o tartary_n from_o which_o vast_a country_n the_o phoenician_n be_v a_o industrious_a and_o trade_a people_n transplant_v several_a colony_n hither_o and_o on_o the_o portraiture_n of_o the_o naked_a man_n these_o word_n gal._n sarmata_n be_v find_v too_o do_v far_a illustrate_v these_o people_n call_v brigantes_n reside_v here_o to_o be_v for_o a_o great_a part_n asiatic_o of_o which_o mr._n camden_n take_v no_o notice_n thus_o far_o and_o no_o far_a mr._n camden_n proceed_v in_o the_o antiquity_n of_o this_o note_a station_n but_o as_o to_o the_o ancient_a name_n of_o the_o place_n he_o say_v ptolemy_n style_v it_o rigodunum_n and_o that_o be_v corrupt_v from_o ribodunum_n may_v not_o be_v unlike_o ribbochester_n it_o be_v his_o opinion_n likewise_o the_o town_n of_o preston_n call_v so_o from_o the_o religious_a quasi_fw-la priest_n town_n spring_v from_o the_o ruin_n of_o this_o remarkable_a city_n which_o may_v be_v ruin_v by_o war_n or_o earthquake_n i_o shall_v now_o acquaint_v the_o reader_n with_o my_o own_o observation_n make_v in_o this_o present_a year_n 1699_o when_o i_o be_v upon_o the_o place_n which_o give_v i_o a_o new_a and_o different_a prospect_n of_o matter_n above_o what_o he_o have_v recite_v the_o first_o remarkable_a piece_n of_o antiquity_n i_o take_v notice_n of_o be_v a_o fortification_n call_v anchor-hill_n because_o anchor_n have_v sometime_o be_v find_v there_o under_o ground_n with_o ring_n and_o nail_n of_o small_a vessel_n roman_a paterae_n of_o a_o metal_n like_o that_o of_o our_o china_n teapot_n with_o the_o effigy_n of_o wolf_n and_o flower_n upon_o they_o and_o at_o the_o bottom_n of_o some_o these_o letter_n fab._n pro._n which_o doubtless_o must_v be_v in_o the_o time_n when_o some_o one_o of_o the_o fabii_n be_v proconsul_n or_o procurator_n from_o anchor-hill_n there_o go_v a_o way_n to_o preston_n and_o a_o road_n to_o lancaster_n where_o there_o be_v another_o fortification_n and_o a_o roman_a wall_n another_o road_n likewise_o direct_v to_o mancunium_n or_o manchester_n where_o be_v a_o fortress_n call_v the_o giant_n or_o torquins_n castle_n and_o doubtless_o that_o be_v their_o highway_n to_o devona_n or_o chester_n where_o the_o twenty_o legion_n style_v valens_n and_o victrix_n be_v fix_v chester_n be_v then_o a_o blockade_n to_o the_o britain_n in_o wales_n not_o far_o from_o this_o fortification_n call_v anchor-hill_n at_o ribchester_n i_o see_v a_o common-shore_n and_o a_o floor_n compose_v of_o roman_a tile_n which_o absolute_o demonstrate_v the_o river_n there_o be_v never_o navigable_a for_o have_v it_o be_v so_o that_o city_n must_v unavoidable_o have_v be_v under_o water_n together_o with_o in_o that_o country_n common_o call_v the_o field_n from_o its_o resemblance_n to_o a_o field_n be_v all_o champaign_n near_o this_o shoar_n i_o see_v a_o pillar_n about_o seventeen_o inch_n diameter_n with_o letter_n upon_o it_o but_o those_o in_o a_o great_a
have_v such_o a_o tooth_n though_o scarce_o so_o ponderous_a in_o manchester_n yet_o it_o weigh_v two_o pound_n and_o a_o half_n have_v be_v find_v in_o derbyshire_n with_o a_o skull_n and_o limb_n resemble_v those_o of_o a_o man_n report_v to_o have_v be_v find_v with_o it_o though_o those_o be_v long_o since_o lose_v the_o tooth_n itself_o be_v a_o surprise_n to_o many_o beholder_n who_o after_o their_o superficial_a eye_v it_o conclude_v it_o absolute_a bone_n and_o stand_v amaze_v at_o its_o bulk_n and_o weight_n when_o in_o truth_n it_o be_v only_o a_o sparry_n substance_n impress_v with_o such_o a_o form_n for_o do_v we_o not_o daily_o discover_v the_o form_n of_o plant_n and_o the_o seem_a beak_n of_o bird_n effigy_n of_o the_o bone_n of_o beast_n and_o fish_n all_o of_o solid_a stone_n why_o nature_n therefore_o shall_v be_v tie_v up_o only_o to_o these_o and_o not_o in_o her_o sport_n and_o interlude_n divert_v herself_o and_o mankind_n with_o humane_a shape_v i_o can_v see_v no_o reason_n for_o i_o shall_v now_o first_o begin_v with_o the_o bath_n at_o buxton_n but_o have_v sufficient_o treat_v in_o a_o precede_a chapter_n of_o hot_a bath_n in_o general_a the_o cause_n of_o their_o heat_n and_o their_o uses_n i_o will_v refer_v the_o reader_n thereto_o and_o here_o first_o give_v you_o the_o distich_n of_o verse_n make_v by_o mary_n queen_n of_o scot_n who_o honour_v this_o place_n with_o her_o presence_n as_o mr._n cambden_n have_v they_o buxtona_n quae_fw-la calidae_fw-la celebrabere_fw-la nomine_fw-la lymphae_fw-la forte_n mihi_fw-la posthac_fw-la non_fw-la adeunda_fw-la vale._n farewell_o buxton_n who_o fame_n thy_o bath_n shall_v ever_o tell_v who_o i_o perhaps_o shall_v see_v no_o more_o farewell_o that_o these_o bath_n be_v eminent_a in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o roman_n be_v most_o certain_a lucan_n and_o other_o acquaint_v we_o they_o be_v extraordinary_a hot_a the_o high_a road_n call_v the_o roman_a bath-gate_n as_o mr._n cambden_n say_v 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continual_o drop_v a_o sparry_n water_n which_o like_o that_o in_o poole's_n petrify_v within_o the_o arch_n be_v several_a small_a building_n where_o the_o poor_a sort_n of_o people_n inhabit_v and_o i_o can_v not_o but_o fancy_v they_o to_o be_v like_o the_o troglydite_n or_o cunicular_a man_n describe_v by_o dr._n brown_n that_o live_v not_o like_a man_n but_o rabbit_n from_o this_o arch_n i_o pass_v to_o a_o water_n which_o almost_o close_v with_o the_o rock_n however_o this_o water_n may_v be_v pass_v and_o then_o the_o arch_n open_v again_o when_o you_o come_v to_o very_o large_a bank_n of_o sand_n at_o the_o three_o water_n the_o rock_n close_v and_o be_v impassable_a any_o far_o mam-tor_n be_v another_o thing_n remarkable_a in_o the_o peak_n this_o be_v a_o high_a hill_n near_o castleton_n under_o which_o there_o be_v several_a lead_n mine_n this_o hill_n be_v almost_o perpetual_o shiver_v down_o earth_n and_o great_a stone_n yet_o never_o visible_o grow_v less_o and_o have_v 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not_o then_o but_o by_o a_o thoroughobservation_n of_o those_o and_o the_o argument_n before_o premise_a to_o satisfy_v the_o unbiased_a from_o what_o continent_n this_o island_n be_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n inhabit_a the_o word_n be_v not_o many_o but_o be_v as_o follow_v the_o moon_n some_o armenian_n pronounce_v lune_fw-fr other_o luce_z other_o lucen_n note_v here_o that_o lune_fw-fr be_v the_o name_n of_o that_o river_n from_o which_o the_o county_n of_o lancaster_n be_v denominate_v a_o great_a river_n some_o pronounce_v keat_n other_o gait_n some_o kear_n other_o kent_z where_o observe_v that_o the_o name_n of_o two_o great_a water_n upon_o kent_n sands_n be_v kear_n and_o kent_n wherefore_o for_o any_o person_n to_o derive_v the_o name_n of_o those_o place_n as_o mr._n cambden_n and_o other_o do_v from_o the_o saxon_a word_n can_v denote_v a_o corner_n to_o i_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o manifest_a error_n and_o i_o do_v with_o a_o great_a deal_n more_o reason_n surmise_n that_o they_o be_v the_o small_a relic_n of_o the_o asiatic_a colony_n this_o to_o be_v insert_v after_o the_o three_o book_n errata_fw-la in_o the_o three_o book_n pag._n 10._o l._n 16._o after_o aelius_n deal_n the_o comma_n p._n 14._o l._n 16._o for_o 1692_o r._n 1612._o p._n 38._o l._n 19_o for_o wallingham_n r._n walsingham_n p._n 46._o l._n 22._o before_o the_o six_o instead_o of_o after_o the_o comma_n shall_v be_v before_o ibid._n l._n 30._o for_o chisnel_n r._n chisnalle_n p._n 68_o l._n 17._o for_o principii_fw-la r._n principi_fw-la p._n 69._o l._n 4._o for_o tribunae_fw-la r._n tribunitiae_fw-la p._n 72._o l._n 3._o for_o there_o r._n then_o p._n 74._o l._n 10._o for_o lotium_n r._n lorium_n p._n 90._o l._n 20._o for_o underneath_o judea_n r._n judea_n underneath_o p._n 89._o l._n 5._o after_o peacock_n put_v a_o comma_n p._n 95._o l._n 1._o for_o vii_o r._n vi_o tab_n i._o a_o explanation_n of_o the_o cutts_n tab_n i._o 1._o a_o ruby_n find_v at_o ribchester_n in_o lancashire_n as_o the_o earth_n shelve_v down_o near_o the_o riverside_n a_o signet_n doubtless_o of_o some_o eminent_a roman_a the_o figure_n be_v mars_n hold_v a_o banner_n in_o the_o lefthand_n with_o a_o scutum_fw-la or_o target_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o it_o in_o the_o right-hand_n a_o thunderbolt_n this_o doubtless_o be_v one_o of_o the_o genii_n of_o the_o place_n 2._o a_o signet_n find_v near_o standish_n in_o lancashire_n in_o a_o copper_n urceolus_fw-la with_o two_o hundred_o roman_a coin_n and_o two_o gold_n ring_n of_o the_o equites_fw-la aurati_fw-la or_o roman_a knight_n these_o be_v find_v by_o a_o countryman_n as_o he_o be_v plough_v the_o figure_n be_v mars_n lean_v with_o his_o lefthand_n upon_o a_o spear_n hold_v in_o his_o right-hand_n a_o victoriola_n or_o small_a victory_n with_o a_o target_n at_o his_o right-foot_n 3._o a_o idol_n find_v near_o up-holland_n in_o lancashire_n by_o a_o countryman_n as_o he_o be_v plough_v this_o i_o take_v to_o be_v victory_n the_o genius_n of_o that_o place_n 4._o a_o altar_n dedicate_v to_o the_o genius_n of_o the_o place_n find_v at_o chester_n 5._o a_o altar_n to_o jupiter_n dig_v up_o at_o chester_n 6._o a_o altar_n to_o coccius_n nerva_n dig_v up_o at_o ribchester_n 7._o another_o altar_n find_v at_o ribchester_n dedicate_v by_o some_o asiatic_a one_o of_o the_o decurion_n of_o the_o asturian_n wing_n 8._o another_o side_n of_o the_o altar_n at_o chester_n dedicate_v to_o the_o genius_n of_o the_o place_n 9_o a_o altar_n to_o caligula_n find_v at_o ribchester_n 10._o a_o altar_n to_o apollo_n find_v at_o ribchester_n hold_v his_o plectrum_fw-la in_o his_o right-hand_n point_v with_o his_o left_a to_o a_o quiver_n upon_o his_o soldier_n on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o altar_n be_v two_o of_o his_o priest_n in_o their_o habit_n sacrifice_v to_o he_o hold_v the_o head_n of_o a_o ox_n in_o their_o hand_n 11._o the_o vessel_n in_o which_o the_o coin_n be_v find_v near_o standish_n in_o lancashire_n 12._o a_o roman_a discus_fw-la or_o sacrificing-cup_n find_v at_o ribchester_n when_o one_o of_o the_o fabii_n be_v proconsul_n or_o propraetor_n 13._o the_o bottom_n of_o a_o sacrificing-vessel_n 14._o the_o same_o both_o these_o probable_o belong_v to_o some_o private_a soldier_n 15._o a_o small_a altar_n find_v at_o ribchester_n 16._o a_o piece_n of_o a_o simpuvium_n 17._o a_o simpuvium_n out_o of_o which_o they_o drink_v by_o small_a draught_n as_o they_o sacrifice_v to_o their_o go_n 18._o the_o finger_n of_o a_o copper_n statue_n dig_v up_o at_o ribchester_n 19_o a_o piece_n of_o a_o roman_a tile_n take_v out_o of_o the_o common-shore_n at_o ribchester_n 20._o a_o roman_a pillar_n several_a yard_n under_o ground_n at_o ribchester_n 21._o the_o ring_n of_o a_o boat_n find_v under_o ground_n at_o the_o place_n call_v anchor-hill_n in_o ribchester_n 22._o a_o piece_n of_o the_o top_n of_o a_o roman_a urn_n find_v at_o ribchester_n 23._o one_o of_o the_o roman_a fibulae_fw-la find_v at_o ribchester_n 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copper_n both_o find_v at_o chester_n 9_o the_o horn_n of_o the_o rein-deer_n find_v under_o the_o altar_n at_o chester_n tab_n ii_o tab_n 3_o ribchester_n and_o lancaster_z coin_n a_o explication_n of_o the_o cut_v contain_v in_o the_o plate_n mark_v tab._n 3._o fig_n 1._o aug_n germ._n cos._n this_o be_v a_o coin_n of_o augustus_n germanicus_n who_o have_v be_v consul_n the_o reverse_n be_v erase_v fig._n 2._o hadrianus_n the_o letter_n on_o the_o reverse_n be_v augus_n denote_v augustus_n a_o title_n assume_v by_o most_o of_o the_o emperor_n the_o letter_n s._n c._n denote_v senatus_n consultum_fw-la the_o figure_n be_v naked_a stand_n hold_v in_o the_o right-hand_n a_o cornucopia_n i_o take_v the_o figure_n to_o be_v quies_n a_o goddess_n among_o the_o roman_n fig._n 3._o ael_n adrianus_n the_o figure_n be_v stand_v with_o two_o infant_n
year_n observable_a i_o hasten_v to_o more_o unusual_a accident_n and_o first_o shall_v begin_v with_o those_o of_o lightning_n and_o thunder_n and_o other_o appearance_n in_o the_o heaven_n about_o eight_o year_n ago_o in_o a_o small_a village_n call_v elswick_n upon_o a_o sunday_n about_o three_o of_o the_o clock_n in_o the_o afternoon_n happen_v a_o terrible_a tempest_n of_o lightning_n and_o thunder_n which_o produce_v very_o dismal_a effect_n the_o particular_n of_o it_o be_v these_o after_o several_a amaze_a clap_n of_o thunder_n and_o dreadful_a flash_n of_o lightning_n at_o last_o strike_v through_o the_o air_n a_o blaze_n not_o much_o unlike_a that_o of_o a_o artificial_a serpent_n it_o take_v its_o course_n into_o a_o chimney_n and_o beat_v down_o the_o brick_n outward_o seem_v to_o burst_v like_o a_o squib_n upon_o the_o ground_n and_o afterward_o cloud_v the_o house_n with_o fume_n which_o have_v exact_o the_o smell_n of_o sulphur_n a_o man_n lie_v in_o the_o range_v of_o the_o chimney_n be_v kill_v and_o lay_v as_o if_o he_o have_v be_v sleep_v the_o bench_n upon_o which_o he_o lay_v be_v split_v under_o he_o and_o under_o that_o a_o hound-bitch_n kill_v near_o to_o he_o be_v sit_v the_o wife_n of_o the_o house_n with_o a_o little_a child_n upon_o her_o knee_n the_o mother_n afterward_o be_v wear_v away_o with_o the_o fluor_fw-la albus_n and_o the_o child_n fall_v into_o the_o rickets_o which_o distort_v the_o spine_n and_o after_o some_o year_n be_v confine_v to_o his_o bed_n die_v of_o that_o distemper_n behind_o a_o table_n several_a person_n be_v sit_v and_o from_o among_o four_o or_o five_o only_o one_o be_v strike_v off_o his_o seat_n into_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o room_n and_o be_v for_o some_o time_n paralytic_a in_o his_o low_a part_n but_o i_o afterward_o by_o a_o due_a course_n of_o physic_n and_o bleed_v and_o blister_v he_o immediate_o upon_o the_o accident_n restore_v he_o to_o his_o former_a health_n another_o gentleman_n sit_v in_o a_o chair_n near_o he_o be_v strike_v out_o of_o it_o and_o lay_v upon_o the_o ground_n in_o most_o violent_a torture_n in_o which_o i_o see_v he_o but_o by_o bleed_v and_o blister_v in_o some_o day_n recover_v he_o in_o the_o outward_a porch_n be_v sit_v several_a person_n and_o a_o young_a man_n kill_v out_o of_o the_o midst_n of_o they_o none_o of_o the_o rest_n be_v injure_v or_o sensible_a of_o any_o disturbance_n only_o one_o woman_n perceive_v a_o waft_v like_o a_o gust_n of_o wind_n under_o her_o coat_n but_o receive_v no_o damage_n in_o the_o room_n above_o i_o observe_v the_o follow_a phaenomena_n the_o chamber_n door_n be_v throw_v off_o the_o hinge_n into_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o room_n the_o curtain_n of_o the_o bed_n be_v singe_v and_o its_o two_o diagonal_a post_n split_v in_o piece_n the_o window_n though_o fix_v firm_a in_o a_o brickwall_n be_v force_v from_o their_o station_n but_o no_o glass_n break_v upon_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o glass_n i_o observe_v a_o black_a 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they_o produce_v these_o wonderful_a effect_n i_o do_v judge_n be_v not_o in_o the_o power_n of_o human_a understanding_n but_o in_o general_a by_o the_o symptom_n in_o the_o instance_n recite_v we_o may_v conclude_v there_o be_v a_o total_a dissipation_n of_o the_o animal_n spirit_n and_o a_o coagulation_n of_o the_o blood_n wherefore_o bleed_v and_o epispastics_n if_o any_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v do_v must_v certain_o be_v the_o method_n that_o ought_v to_o be_v take_v many_o more_o instance_n of_o this_o kind_n may_v be_v produce_v but_o it_o have_v never_o be_v my_o temper_n to_o swell_v a_o book_n with_o unnecessary_a quotation_n or_o to_o transgress_v so_o far_o upon_o the_o reader_n as_o to_o tire_v out_o his_o patience_n with_o instance_n of_o author_n tend_v to_o the_o same_o purpose_n unless_o something_o occur_v that_o may_v clear_o and_o full_o evidence_n the_o truth_n of_o a_o hypothesis_n or_o some_o wise_a conduce_v to_o the_o good_a of_o mankind_n if_o therefore_o this_o history_n be_v comprise_v in_o a_o small_a volume_n than_o perhaps_o some_o may_v expect_v let_v such_o be_v satisfy_v it_o be_v for_o the_o reason_n allege_v and_o as_o that_o hitherto_o have_v be_v so_o shall_v still_o continue_v my_o resolution_n mock-sun_n or_o parhelii_fw-la and_o moon-bow_n have_v be_v observe_v in_o this_o country_n but_o as_o they_o have_v not_o happen_v in_o this_o generation_n i_o shall_v pass_v they_o over_o and_o proceed_v to_o give_v a_o account_n of_o some_o damp_n which_o infect_v the_o air_n in_o which_o no_o creature_n can_v live_v it_o be_v observable_a in_o several_a cellar_n especial_o against_o hot_a wether_n a_o suffocate_a damp_n arise_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n this_o be_v usual_o most_o violent_a when_o any_o quantity_n of_o strong_a liquor_n be_v ferment_v in_o this_o i_o have_v see_v candle_n extinguish_v creature_n render_v lethargic_a asthmatical_a and_o their_o tongue_n loll_v out_o and_o salivate_a and_o boy_n throw_v into_o swound_n or_o deliquium_n the_o time_n i_o stay_v in_o the_o damp_n which_o exceed_v not_o one_o minute_n i_o find_v a_o very_a unaccountable_a chillness_n seize_v my_o spirit_n and_o be_v sensible_a of_o a_o universal_a weakness_n be_v deep_o asthmatical_a and_o can_v abide_v it_o no_o long_o this_o be_v remove_v by_o open_v the_o cellar-window_n and_o put_v fire_n into_o the_o place_n which_o will_v not_o burn_v till_o vent_v first_o be_v give_v of_o this_o i_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o treat_v more_o full_o in_o the_o discourse_n of_o mineral_n damp_n wherefore_o shall_v in_o this_o place_n pass_v it_o over_o the_o next_o thing_n remarkable_a be_v hailstone_n of_o which_o the_o year_n 1697._o afford_v we_o a_o pregnant_a instance_n the_o wind_n blow_v high_a at_o northwest_n happen_v a_o violent_a storm_n of_o hail_o several_a stone_n be_v nine_o inch_n in_o circumference_n other_o be_v six_o seven_o and_o eight_o in_o this_o storm_n several_a rook_n be_v kill_v in_o their_o nest_n some_o hare_n upon_o their_o seat_n vast_a quantity_n of_o glass_n break_v and_o all_o kind_n of_o cattle_n in_o a_o general_a consternation_n before_o the_o storm_n happen_v several_a bird_n be_v take_v up_o never_o before_o that_o time_n see_v in_o these_o part_n from_o this_o its_o probable_a to_o conjecture_v the_o tempest_n arise_v from_o the_o more_o remote_a northern_a clime_n and_o spend_v itself_o when_o it_o come_v into_o a_o warm_a climate_n but_o be_v drive_v by_o the_o wind_n for_o it_o be_v observable_a it_o be_v almost_o force_v direct_o cross_v the_o county_n in_o a_o direct_a line_n from_o the_o sea_n coast_n allow_v nitrous_a saline_n particle_n to_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o snow_n and_o hail_n it_o be_v easy_a to_o solve_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o phaenomena_n by_o allege_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o those_o particle_n collect_v in_o the_o atmosphere_n at_o those_o time_n when_o these_o storm_n invade_v we_o wherefore_o i_o shall_v not_o form_v unnecessary_a scheme_n of_o reason_v upon_o that_o matter_n but_o proceed_v to_o what_o i_o next_o design_n and_o that_o be_v to_o give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o various_a alteration_n observe_v in_o quicksilver_n upon_o its_o surface_n in_o the_o different_a temper_n of_o the_o air_n and_o shall_v then_o close_v this_o chapter_n the_o learned_a mr._n boyle_n in_o his_o hydrostatic_a experiment_n and_o linus_n and_o torricellius_n in_o they_o upon_o top_n and_o at_o the_o bottom_n of_o mountain_n have_v sufficient_o demonstrate_v by_o the_o quicksilver_n ascend_v the_o high_a by_o how_o much_o the_o more_o it_o be_v immerse_v in_o water_n and_o likewise_o by_o rise_v high_o in_o the_o valley_n than_o on_o the_o top_n of_o mountain_n the_o ascend_v of_o it_o in_o the_o weather-glass_n to_o be_v by_o pressure_n the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n in_o those_o case_n
be_v much_o great_a and_o consequent_o the_o pressure_n more_o to_o these_o i_o shall_v add_v what_o have_v be_v observe_v by_o our_o learned_a warden_n the_o rev_n d_o dr._n wroe_n who_o for_o several_a year_n have_v keep_v a_o exact_a diary_n of_o the_o weatherglass_n he_o always_o observe_v the_o quicksilver_n upon_o its_o ascend_n to_o alter_v its_o surface_n insomuch_o as_o in_o very_o dry_a wether_n to_o become_v perfect_o convex_a and_o upon_o a_o alteration_n of_o the_o air_n to_o a_o wet_a temper_n to_o alter_v to_o a_o plain_a surface_n and_o in_o extreme_a wet_a wether_n to_o a_o perfect_a concave_n the_o mercurial_a particle_n hang_v on_o the_o side_n of_o the_o glass_n by_o this_o it_o shall_v seem_v that_o beside_o the_o ascent_n make_v by_o the_o pressure_n there_o be_v another_o also_o make_v by_o the_o intestine_a fermentation_n of_o the_o quicksilver_n and_o in_o this_o i_o be_o the_o far_o confirm_v since_o quicksilver_n in_o glass_n tube_v hermetical_o seal_v have_v be_v observe_v to_o rise_v and_o fall_v which_o can_v not_o be_v be_v the_o ascent_n by_o pressure_n whole_o upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o quicksilver_n contain_v in_o the_o cup._n another_o thing_n remarkable_a in_o the_o air_n be_v the_o expose_v open_o dry_v leave_n of_o tobacco_n which_o in_o the_o hot_a day_n do_v soon_o grow_v moist_a for_o which_o no_o other_o reason_n can_v be_v assign_v but_o the_o exhalation_n in_o hot_a wether_n be_v far_o great_a and_o consequent_o the_o aqueous_a particle_n more_o numerous_o range_v in_o the_o atmosphere_n and_o this_o i_o take_v to_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o the_o drop_n of_o rain_n be_v then_o usual_o large_a and_o perhaps_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n the_o bigness_n of_o hailstone_n may_v in_o some_o measure_n be_v solve_v cheshire_n a_o county_n palatine_n and_o among_o other_o thing_n famous_a for_o its_o earl_n who_o have_v a_o palatine_a jurisdiction_n belong_v to_o they_o and_o all_o the_o inhabitant_n hold_v of_o they_o as_o in_o chief_a and_o be_v under_o a_o sovereign_a allegiance_n and_o fealty_n to_o they_o as_o they_o to_z the_o king_n this_o county_n be_v ancient_o inhabit_a by_o part_n of_o the_o cornavii_n the_o air_n there_o may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v more_o healthful_a and_o mild_a than_o in_o lancashire_n this_o county_n not_o so_o much_o abound_v with_o fen_n salt-marsh_n and_o mosses_n what_o be_v say_v more_o of_o the_o air_n in_o lancashire_n may_v serve_v as_o to_o this_o place_n and_o as_o to_o its_o far_a antiquity_n the_o follow_a account_n may_v be_v add_v according_a to_o sir_n thomas_n elliot_n the_o first_o name_n give_v to_o this_o city_n be_v neomagus_n so_o call_v from_o magus_n son_n of_o samothe_n son_n of_o japhet_n its_o founder_n see_v lambert_n pag._n 17_o the_o about_o 240_o year_n after_o the_o flood_n be_v this_o account_n true_a for_o aught_o i_o know_v it_o may_v stand_v in_o competition_n with_o the_o most_o antique_a city_n in_o the_o universe_n its_o second_o name_n be_v caerleon_n see_v albion_n mareoticus_n so_o nominate_v from_o leon_n vaur_n or_o gaver_n who_o as_o some_o will_v have_v it_o be_v a_o giant_n in_o albion_n and_o one_o of_o its_o restorer_n the_o reason_n of_o this_o conjecture_n i_o suppose_v may_v in_o some_o measure_n be_v ground_v upon_o the_o follow_a history_n i._n e._n upon_o a_o giant_n be_v skull_n be_v dug_n up_o in_o pepper-street_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o bone_n upon_o the_o britain_n come_v over_o and_o settle_v there_o it_o be_v afterward_o call_v caerleil_n and_o afterward_o caerleir_n because_o these_o two_o british_a king_n be_v enlarger_n and_o beautifier_n of_o it_o according_a to_o jackson_n stow_n and_o other_o before_o the_o arrival_n of_o the_o roman_n here_o it_o be_v probable_a this_o city_n be_v call_v genuina_fw-la or_o gunia_n as_o will_n more_o full_o appear_v from_o the_o inscription_n of_o a_o votive_a altar_n dig_v up_o in_o this_o city_n and_o dedicate_v to_o jupiter_n tanar_n that_o be_v in_o the_o welsh_a language_n the_o thunderer_n which_o language_n it_o be_v likely_a the_o roman_n may_v make_v use_n of_o in_o this_o inscription_n to_o demonstrate_v their_o conquest_n over_o the_o britain_n after_o the_o roman_n have_v fix_v here_o their_o conquer_a legion_n style_v valens_n &_o victrix_n it_o be_v then_o style_v caerlheon_n caerlegion_n or_o as_o it_o be_v otherwise_o common_o call_v ardourdwy_n and_o caer_n by_o way_n of_o excellence_n as_o mr._n cambden_n observe_v to_o distinguish_v it_o from_o the_o other_o caerleon_n or_o caerusk_n in_o south_n wales_n the_o latin_a historian_n style_v it_o cestria_n that_o be_v a_o castris_fw-la which_o the_o roman_n have_v fix_v there_o and_o leincestria_n that_o be_v the_o city_n of_o the_o legion_n it_o have_v likewise_o be_v style_v as_o be_v evident_a from_o the_o roman_a tile_n dig_v up_o there_o deunana_n deva_n and_o devana_n civitas_n and_o these_o name_n i_o presume_v to_o be_v attribute_v to_o it_o from_o its_o proximity_n to_o the_o river_n dee_fw-mi in_o late_a age_n it_o be_v style_v legan-chester_n lege-cestre_a but_o in_o these_o day_n west-chester_n or_o chester_n as_o the_o greek_n express_v it_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v to_o denote_v its_o preference_n to_o dorchester_n or_o rochester_n by_o ptolemy_n it_o be_v sometime_o call_v oxcellum_fw-la uxcellum_fw-la plegimundham_n and_o leogria_n or_o locrine_n land_n of_o which_o the_o three_o first_o denote_v no_o more_o as_o hollingshed_n observe_v in_o the_o first_o volume_n of_o his_o chronicle_n of_o england_n than_o a_o rock_n a_o island_n or_o place_n of_o strong_a defence_n by_o which_o we_o may_v easy_o observe_v that_o this_o be_v the_o boundary_a of_o king_n locrinus_n kingdom_n westward_o this_o be_v the_o chief_a city_n of_o the_o ordovices_n before_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o roman_n as_o most_o of_o our_o ancient_a historian_n do_v affirm_v those_o people_n be_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o north_n wales_n the_o greatness_n of_o this_o ancient_a city_n be_v still_o the_o more_o conspicuous_a from_o those_o stately_a remain_n of_o its_o ruin_n i_o mean_v the_o subterraneous_a vault_n in_o cellar_n through_o freestone_n rock_n the_o entrance_n into_o they_o be_v range_v into_o several_a angle_n and_o by_o what_o i_o can_v learn_v from_o the_o description_n of_o the_o catacomb_n in_o italy_n we_o may_v reasonable_o conclude_v these_o to_o have_v be_v make_v for_o the_o same_o purpose_n this_o instance_n sufficient_o demonstrate_v the_o greatness_n of_o the_o roman_a power_n at_o chester_n and_o likewise_o that_o it_o be_v probable_a since_o by_o their_o conquer_a legion_n there_o they_o have_v block_v up_o the_o britain_n in_o wales_n that_o they_o be_v resolve_v not_o only_o to_o keep_v incorporate_v while_o live_v but_o likewise_o to_o preserve_v even_o their_o very_a ash_n together_o in_o these_o passage_n have_v be_v find_v several_a roman_a coin_n as_o i_o have_v be_v inform_v which_o more_o full_o illustrate_v these_o vault_n to_o have_v be_v heathen_a and_o not_o those_o subterraneous_a passage_n make_v use_v of_o by_o the_o monk_n which_o may_v be_v observe_v in_o various_a monastery_n this_o may_v be_v see_v in_o a_o cellar_n in_o bridge-street_n belong_v to_o mr._n john_n minshull_n derbyshire_n be_v ancient_o inhabit_a by_o the_o coritani_n who_o these_o be_v as_o well_o as_o the_o cornavii_n be_v uncertain_a the_o air_n in_o the_o peak_n of_o that_o country_n be_v more_o subject_a to_o rains_n and_o wind_n than_o in_o lancashire_n and_o cheshire_n and_o it_o be_v not_o unpleasant_a to_o see_v the_o cloud_n ride_v after_o the_o side_n of_o the_o mountain_n which_o by_o dash_v upon_o they_o be_v frequent_o force_v down_o in_o shower_n and_o by_o the_o sudden_a rarefaction_n of_o the_o meteor_n in_o the_o air_n pen_v up_o betwixt_o the_o hill_n and_o the_o cloud_n and_o get_v vent_n in_o the_o space_n betwixt_o the_o hill_n i_o think_v may_v fair_o illustrate_v why_o wind_n be_v in_o those_o part_n so_o frequent_a but_o this_o will_v be_v more_o easy_o conceive_v if_o we_o consider_v those_o artificial_a wind_n which_o be_v make_v by_o a_o aeolipile_n which_o instrument_n it_o be_v give_v i_o the_o first_o hint_n of_o dulcify_a salt-water_n which_o experiment_n i_o show_v to_o the_o university_n of_o oxford_n some_o year_n before_o mr._n fitz-gerald_n have_v a_o patent_n for_o do_v it_o who_o communicate_v this_o experiment_n to_o he_o i_o know_v not_o but_o it_o be_v most_o certain_a it_o be_v not_o his_o own_o have_v now_o give_v account_n of_o what_o be_v most_o remarkable_a in_o the_o air_n i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o consider_v the_o next_o element_n and_o that_o be_v water_n but_o before_o i_o enter_v upon_o that_o must_v beg_v leave_n to_o add_v two_o remarkable_a observation_n the_o first_o be_v to_o illustrate_v the_o elasticity_n of_o