admirable effects for the root of Peony applyed to the head or hung about the neck doth cure the Epilepsy Mint put into milk hinders its coagulation and condensation into Cheese as it hath been proved by men of good credit The herb AEthiopis if Fliny speaks true cap. 4. lib. 26. Herba Ethlopidis will pull off Iron if it be touched which Matthiolus also asserts of the herb Lunary or Moon-wort which because it wresteth off Iron shoes from travelling horses is called by the Italians Sferra cavallo The Author of Libri sanitatis doth aver with Tribius that the Bird called Pye shutting the orifice of her nest can cause the doors to fly open onely by the touch of a certain herb some attribute this vertue onely to the Bird others to the herb Theophrastus a most skilfull Herbalist makes mention of a certain herb which so powerfully provokes to Lustfull Couplation that if the Noble Author speaks true it is more than credible that Nature hath devoted this to the cold and weak constitutions as the Nymphea to the lecherous Clymenum rubrum or Pile wort Herba Ficeria hath such power in curing the Piles that whoso carries with him the root of this herb shall be preserved safe from this Disease It is scarce credible that which Josephus writes of that admirable Plant which is called Bâ—ard from Baaran a Valley of Judaea which being sprung out of the earth doth cast out a certain bright fulgur and in the night shines like a burning Lamp which cannot be touched by any unless it be first wet with urine or womans blood for otherwise who ever toucheth it presently dyed but by the afore said sprinkling it may be cradicated by which it loses its destructive quality And that which was most wonderfull it cured Mad men and Demomacks which when the Inhabitants adjoyning perceived they very discreetly tyed a Dog fast to it which incited or compelled by hunger or called upon with much struggling pulled up the Plant. Many other Miracles doth God work in this his Foot stool the estimation whereof Experience alone doth teach Yet hath he produced nothing any way noxious to Mankinde to which he hath not ordained a convenient and wholsome Remedy Contrario contrarium Deus opponit for he opposes one Contrary to another and one Dissentany to another As to the herb Wolfs-bane he hath opposed Aristoloch Long. to Hemlock Smallidge seed to Henbane Garlick to Helmet-flower Radish-seed to a Viper wilde Bugloss to Scorpions Trefoile or Jasmine the root of which doth vindicate and preserve the Bearer from bitings by Scorpions or frees him from pain that is bitten his hands also that are anointed with the juice of May weed cannot be stung with Bees or Wasps It will not be beyond our scope here to take notice of the various natures of Plants for some are green and flourish in the middle of Winter as Wolfs-bane and black Hellebor other Plants in the Equinoctial or Spring tide others in the heat of Summer and some in Autumn at which time all others are for the most or greatest part deprived both of leaves and flowers CHAP. V. Of the matter of Medicaments and whence it proceeds THE principal differences of medicinal Ingredients as well forreign as domestick are taken either from their matter or faculties From the Matter which according to Dioscorides and Galen is three-fold whereupon three general differences of Medicaments do arise to wit drawn either from Plants Minerals or Animals In the first genus are contained all kinds of Plants Medicamenta en plantis sumpta their several parts and what is deduced from them as roots barks stalks woods boughs leaves flowers fruits seeds gums rosins juices drops liquors missel-dews mosses cottens nuts In the second are contained the Elements themselves as Fire Flame Smoke Air serene or turbid hot cold moyst or dry Water pleasant salt winy saltish clammy sulphurous tasting of Nitre Brass or Iron all kinds of Earth as Bole Terra Lemnia Mellitea Chymolia Rubrica Ampelitis Erithrea Ochra Creta and in a word all Minerals which are digged out of the Bowels of the Earth as the several kinds of Stones as the Lapis Ethites Cyaneus seu Lazuli Metalla septem Judaicus as also Metals which are acknowledged by all to be seven Gold Silver Tin Lead Iron Copper and Quicksilver according to the number of the Planets whence according to the Spagyrians they borrow their names These also are improperly referred to the Minerals Bistumen Petrol all kinds of Salts Calchanth and Amber In the third genus are contained all Animals whether Integrals Medicamenta ex animalibus sumpta or In-parts Integrals as an old Cock in pottage to make the belly laxative and to nourish the body a Swallow eaten for to quicken the eye sight a roasted Lark against the Collick Crab fishes for such as are in Consumptions old Scorpions against their bitings Cantharides for Ruptures Parts of Animals as the brains of Sparrows against Stimulum veneris Hairs brain against Tooth-ach in Children Fox lungs against the consumption of the Lungs Wolfs liver against the consumption of the Liver an Asses liver against the Epilepsy the intestines of a Wolf against the Collick passions the back of Stinci marini against the stifness of the Yard Goats blood against the Stone Partridge or Kites gall to clear the eyes Cran. Human. against the Falling sickness the bone in the heart of a Hart against doting or roving Boars tooth against the Plurisy an Elephants tooth to corroborate the heart Monoceros or Rhinoceros horns to infringe Poyson an Elks hoof against the Falling sickness There are also yet many other parts of Animals whence Medicaments are assumed as Marrow Suet the fat of Calves Harts Hogs Kids Ducks Capons and Geese the milk of Women Asses and Sheep Cheese Butter Curds Cream Whey Butter-milk Hens eggs Fish-shels the hairs and other excrements of Animals which we particularly prescribe in the composition of Medicaments in our Pharmacopoeia CHAP. VI. Of the faculties of Medicaments and how many sorts there be accordingly THE faculty of a Medicament is a certain efficient cause What the faculty of a Medicine is on which its action depends Gal. l. de plenitud lib. 1. de simp whence we gather that the faculties are answerable in number to the actions as it is demonstrable in Aloes and many other simple Medicaments Aloes facultas for Aloes hath a faculty of purging corroborating the Ventricle killing and expelling Worms and exiccating the humours of the head Every Medicament therefore as to its faculty is three-fold alterative purgative and corroborative That is said to be alterative which is either internally assumed or externally applyed and so doth work a manifest mutation on our bodies and that according to Fernelius either in temperament Tertia medicamentorum alterantium in matter or form whence arise three kinds of alterative Medicaments first that which impensly heats cools moystneth
water be coagmentated into the form of a liquid Electuary and kept in shops like other confections Its faculties will be more eximious if Precious-stones Unicorns-horn and Bezar-stone be added to it The Powder is easie to be made and the ingredients may be had It is miraculously efficacious in expugning venenate contagious Vires and pestilent diseases and in recreating and defending the principal parts CHAP. 15. Pulvis Antilyssos seu contra Rabiem or A Powder against the biting of a mad Dog D. J. Pal. â„ž of the leaves of Rue Vervine Sage Plantain Polypody common Wormwood Mint Mugwort Balm Betony S. Johns-wort the lesser Centaury of each m.j. let them be dryed and at last reducated into a fine Powder The COMMENTARY This alexiterial Powder I desumed from the famous Jul. Palmarius who wrote seven Books of contagious Diseases the eximious faculties and admirable effects of this Medicament not onely he but Dominus de Pyrou hath frequently and successfully experienced upon many from whom he confesses he had its first description for as many as were bitten with mad Dogs and used this were presently freed from imminent and incipient Hydrophoby if no part of the head above the teeth or cold member were abluted for then there were small hopes of remedy We call this Powder ANtilyssum because in arceating madness it is inferiour to none it cures wounds inflicted by mad Dogs and impedes that terrible symptome whereby those wretches are fearful of water The preparation of this famous Antidote is easie wherein these three things are chiefly observable First that the Simples be then collected when they are most vertuous to wit in the beginning or end of the Spring That they be not dryed either by the scorching Sun or in a moist place That when they are dry they be kept with this reserve that they be renovated annually There is no need that any great quantity of this eximious Powder be kept in Pharmacopolies for it is enough if half a pound thereof be reconded in a fit vessel for present use But its materials or simples should be kept in abundance artificially dryed inclosed in chartaceous bags and securely reposed that Flyes may not consparcate them nor Mice erode them and when exigence calls for them an equal weight of each should be pulverated and a whole or half dragm thereof given in the morning before meat in a spoon with twice as much Sugar or else in pottage or other convenient liquor as Wine Sider or else in Honey like an Opiate And although one or two dragms be a dosis sufficient for a very robust man yet three or four may sometimes be exhibited by such especially who have been bitten long before or are already begun to fear water This Powder is indeed very eximious but it would be more efficacious if the Powder of Pimpinel and burnt River-Crabfishes were mixed with it Its name Alyssum shews that it is justly preferred before all other of that sort for Galen and Dioscorides call it so because it cures madness and extinguishes its poyson But this plant is rare and known onely to few it is in aspect like Horehound but each genicle emits onely two crisped hoary and almost inodorate leaves spinous cups do verticularly circumvest its Caulicles I have often seen it in the Colledge-Garden in Paris There is another kinde in Germany called Echioides like Tizil in form but it is inferiour to that of Galens yet he that wants the one may substitute the other CHAP. 16. Crocus Martis or Mars his Saffron THis Medicament is so denominated partly from its matter as it is the filings of Steel or Iron dedicated to Mars and partly from its colour which resembles Saffron Its preparation is multifarious for every one prepares it after his own Model in which every one dissents from another whence some have neglected or disapproved of its preparation as useless and Rivierius exhibits the bare limature of Iron for true Saffron of Mars without ustion or ablution professing it to be safer and more efficacious in curing the foetid colours of Virgins but he that will follow the method of so rash a Periclitator shall be more formidable then the very diseases I finde two preparations of this Saffron more usual then the rest the first is vulgar and well known to Pharmacopolists who burn the filings of Steel twice or more in a crucible and wash it as oft partly in Vinegar partly in Rose-water or other fit liquor then dry it and make a subruse ponderous Powder which they call prepared Steel The second is used by the Chymists who make this ponderous Powder volarile whose preparation they thus effect sometimes they assume the limature of Steel sometimes of Iron or of both for the qualities are similar they burn it a day or two in their fire then they inject it into water and assume and keep what swims above and abjecting the water take what is in the bottom and inject it again into the reverberatory fire where they burn it as before and again dimit it into water what swims above they again take and keep what sinks to the bottom they again burn till it subside not but remain upon the superficies of the water which they collect dry and keep for special Chymical Martical Saffron Some make it thus They put the limature of Iron on a dish in a very hot fire and permit it to be red hot when it is cold they bray it laboriously in an Iron-Morter then wash it that the more sublime part may be separated with the water the crasser is again burned and brayed as before which they iterate seven or more times till all the limature become croceous Some wash the limature of Iron in Brine before they calcinate it and afterwards in Vinegar some macerate it in Urine others put Salt to it and others Tartar some burn it with Sulphur others turn it into Rubigo but as these preparations are too curious so are they needless and it is better to hold to one good way then hover doubtful amongst so many But the dust of Iron must be filed very small for this purpose that it may be better calcinated by the fire then it must be brayed afterwards demerged and much agitated in water and the supernatant part collected dryed with moderate heat and kept without further calcination the crasser part must be again immitted into the fire till the whole become volatile and then it is true Martial Saffron Alchymists make it also of other Metals for they have Saffron of Tinne Saffron of Venus but by how much they seem more perite Artificers by so much they are more imperite Medicks They say that Mars his Saffron roborates the liver and spleen Vires takes away the obstructions of the bowels and therefore cures the foetid colour of Virgins Of this and other Cordial Powders prudent Medicks make a Confection in form of a soft Electuary or Tabels called Diastomoma most efficacious in removing obstructions
sapours as such Medicaments as are sharp and bitter Next to the sharp sapour is the bitter Amarus sapor which proceeds from the assation of the subtil terrestrial parts and it hath not the power of corroding as the sharp but more cleansing than the saltish so that it trouble somely exasperates the tongue Paul Aegin cap. 1. lib. 7. Galen cap. 10. lib. 4. simplic and it is two-fold the one hot spoken of before which arises from the assation of terrestrial parts by which sweet things are made bitter either by concoction or by age the other cold which comes by vehement congelation as in Opium wild Succory Lettices Hemlock and some unripe Fruits or which comes from an inchoated or imperfect coction or rather from remiss heat which is accounted cold as the other from an intense heat for there is scarce any compound which is not endued with divers natures and qualities whence it is no wonder if Opium and Hemlock be partly hot and partly cold One scruple of Coloquintis may induce to two pounds weight of water bitterness but no heat unless it be very small and occult Yet Schegkius thinks that some are hot because of their bitterness and that they refrigerate by an occult virtue as Poppies and Succory lib. de occult medic facult Now a bitter sapour is such either simply as in Aloes or mixed with other sapours as in Wormwood to which a stypticity or astriction is annexed As also we may experience in many unripe Fruits which not having as yet attained their perfect magnitude are bitter sour but being mature they are bitter and withall sweet with a kinde of sourness Next to bitter and salt sapour Salsus which is not so dry because of its watry humidity wherewith its terrene substance is tempered Orib Gal. cap. 20. lib. 4. simplic Furthermore it cleanseth moderately yea it washeth the tongue more moderately than bitter sapours and it is pleasant enough to the tasters endued with some astrictive faculty yet not so much as to contract the tongue as the austere or acerb sapour Now this salt sapour is two-fold the one natural the other artificial Natural as in Salt Sea-water and many salt terrene substances Artificial as in Lee Lime and in Chymick Salts All sour sapour is cold of it self or so naturally as in those things Aridus whose cold temper is conjoyned with tenuity of substance as the juice of Limmons Oranges Sorrel and such like or so by accident as by putrefaction Act. cap. 1. tetr 1. serm by which means Wine is said to be sour yet not so absolutely for it hath some Acrimony in it self as Galen attesteth lib. 1. simplic Hence arises another division of sour sapour to wit into that which is exactly such as the sapours before mentioned and into that which is not exactly such but is conjoyned with some other sapour whether sweet bitter or sharp as four-sweet Fruits as Apples Prunes Mulberries Cherries Some Fruits have also bitterness joyned with their sourness as Persian Apples and some Cherries Vinegar partakes of Acrimony and a mixed quality as Galen saith c. 19. 21. 26. lib. 1. simplic because of its acquired heat yet its fourness exceeds its Acrimony as Acrimony exceeds sourness in Oils of Sulphur and Vitriol educed by Chymical Art which corrode and bite the tongue and taken alone do greatly calefy Furthermore sour sapour as to its impression upon the tongue it corrodes bites penetrates and exterges and all without calefaction unless it have some other quality mixed with it as Galen asserts cap. 2. lib. 4. simpl in which it differs from sharp sapour although sour sapours ferment the earth for the tenuity of their parts with heat produced by putrefaction The austere or styptick sapour doth moderately strain and exasperate the tongue and mouth Austerus and in some measure dry and refrigerate and it is very peculiar to many immature Fruits as to Quinces to the fruit of the Dog-tree and many Pears especially wild Pears The matter consists in a mean to wit partaker both of a terrestrial and watry nature in which frigidity is predominant Wherefore all austere sapours are frigid moderately astringing and repelling fluxes and it differs from an acerb sapour in that it is more humid and astringeth and exasperates less For Galen cap. 7. lib. 4. simplic saith that watry humidity doth much retund and dullify the strength of every sapour But when natural heat begins to domineer in the very matter and the watry matter mixed with the terrene hath attained to maturity then the austerity evinced and expelled dulcity succeeds in the same matter and so austere Fruits after mutation become sweet which mutation is not of the matter but quality Acerb sapour Acerbus sometimes called Pontick and Styptick differs from the austere sapour onely by reason of more or less Aet cap. 1. tetr 1. fer 1. for thereby it more grievously and strongly astringes and exasperates the tongue and mouth Aet cap. 4. lib. 2. because it consists more of dry and terrene matter not apertly partaking of watry humidity And in it cold with siccity is more predominant than heat for every acerb sapour is cold Now this sapour is most conspicuous in Gall nuts in unripe Medlars and sorb Apples Sweet sapour is mild and pleasant to the tast Dulcis and familiar and acceptable to the belly and stomack saith Galen c. 14. lib. 4. simpl com ad aphor 37. lib. 5. because it hath a mild calidity and laudable temper wherefore sweet things onely nourish and the Infant in the womb onely draws the sweetest blood Now sweet differs from oily because an oily sapour is less pleasant whereas otherwise their temperaments are one and their impressions on the tongue alike for that which is sweet lenifies and dilates the little fibres of the tongue takes away asperity and cleanses away whatever inheres to the tongue Now this sweet sapour is most apert in Sugar Honey Manna Liccorish Milk Reysons Jujubs and mature Fruits Theophrastus constitutes four species of this sapour to wit milky honey watry and winy The unctious or oily sapour is sweet and nourisheth as Galen saith cap. 9. lib. 4. simpl that whatsoever nourisheth is sweet or of a kinde of sweet sapour yet they are distinct for watry humidity is of sweet things aery of fat things whence it easily melts in the fire and is rather sauce than nutriment cap. 10. lib. 3. de Aliment for it lenifies and fills the exasperate parts of the tongue as Butter Marrow Oil. Now unctious sapour is such either exquisitely as all oily and fat things or moderately as the root of Mallows and Lillies The insipid or unsavoury sapour is next to swell Insipidus and it deflects more to frigidity by reason of its watry substance not well elaborated by its inbred heat and it is evident in things not perfectly concocted and cold for all
in both with a little if it be used for sapours sake with more if for conditures sake Whatsoever Aliments are desired to be medicinal Fartura if there be any apparent cavity in them it is stopped with Fruits Herbs or Roots wherewith Aliments are often stuffed Now many Aliments are stuffed before Assation or Elixation that they may be more gratefull to the palate and sometimes that they may more conduce to procure or keep sanity as when Polypody Capers dry Grapes Barley or other parts of Plants are included in the belly of a Capon or Goose An old Cock is wont to be stuffed with Barley that besides its faculty of subducing the belly wherein according to Galen and Oribasius it is effectual it may cleanse and nourish Night-caps are often quilted with Cephalical Powders put in a double linnen cloth the topical remedy of the form of a Buckler is prepared after the same manner but it receives roborating and stomachical Pouders such as are wont to be prescribed to the weakness of the belly But it is properly called Farture by which exenterated Animals and excavated Fruits are stuffed with medicamental or alimental things and sometimes with aromatical onely for jucundity sake CHAP. XXX Of Distillation DIstillation is an education of a watry or oily humour out of any thing by heat Distillatio quid And it is effected either by ascension or descension and that either by a humid or a dry heat Distillations by humid heat are made in Balneum Mariae or in a Vapour made of hot water Balneum Mariae Balneum Mariae aut maris as some say is a Vessel containing in it heat into which another vessel is put containing the matter to be distilled It was wont to be called Cucurbita Cucurbita or Boccia upon which is put another Vessel with a beak commonly called an Alembick or Capitel which are most strictly closed together with a glew made of Bran and whites of Eggs. Distillation in the vapour of hot water is also made in two vessels Balneum roris the one contains the matter to be distilled and in the other is put a long copper or brass vessel half full of water so that there is space enough left between the Cucurbita and the boyling water by the vapour of which carried upwards the matter to be distilled grows hot and suscitates the vapours to the beaked Capitel whence it descends into the Receiver Both these Bathes are described in various forms for every one Variae sunt formae balnei according to his minde changes innovates adds or detracts something rather form the elegancy of the Boccia than the facility of Distillation But in all of them the fire which is the efficient cause of Distillation must be made in such place that with little labour it may calefie the water in the Boccia Now the fire should be clear not smoky or filthy Ignis in distillatione qualis such as is made of Charcoal or Cannel and it must be so ordered that it neither be too potent and burn the matter nor so small as to be extinguished before the work be perfected Before the water begin to be cold let other be made hot or at least warm and calefied according to that degree of heat which the condition of the matter requires for some may be distilled with a benign vapour others with a more potent others best with warm water Integral fresh Plants or parts of them cut into pieces Plantarum distillatio are conveniently distilled in a humid Bath If they be dry they should be wet with some convenient liquor before Distillation for so the waters distilled do better retain the strength and faculties of the Plants though they cannot be so preserved because more excrementitious Yet many waters do not retain the sapours of the Plants because they so inhere in their terrestrial substance that they will not ascend with the most vehement heat The humid Bath is expedient in distilling waters the dry one if it may be called a Bath as it pleases most in educing oils and waters Balneum siccum Now it is properly called dry because no water is put under the Cucurbita but fire onely with dust sand or the filings of iron or steel sometimes interposed Which that it may be commodiously done Fornacis structura the furnace must be built with such industry that it may have a port open towards the bottome through which the ashes may be taken out which fall from the burning coals laid upon the little gridiron Above the gridiron there must be another port through which the coals may be immitted above the arch whereof must be inserted little iron beams or grates overthwart then above must be placed the brazen earthen or iron pan into which the Cucurbita is put and it must be buried sand or ashes being cast upon it then the beaked Capitel may be placed above it In the top of the furnace must be constituted certain holes or wind-passages through which the smoke may pass The use of a certain Instrument of Copper called an Alembick Alembicus is here requisite and frequent in whose inferiour cavity are contained iron beams sustaining the burning coals in its middle the â—occia in its superiour part the beaked Capitel in form of a Helmet and sometimes round with a Refrigeratory formed like a Cauldron that it might contain an abundant quantity of water which when it grows too hot is effunded by a cock placed towards its bottome and new water and cold is poured in again The beak in some Alembicks is very long and strait and oft times in some of the form of a serpent whence it is called a twining beak or worm that so it may be transferred through a Hogshead full of cold water whereby the water may be better congealed and tempered A certain Boccia made of glass Retorta vesica and crooked commonly called a Retort serves for that distillation which is made by sand or ashes as also another strait one which hath its name from a bladder of oval form made of glass or copper lined with tin which serves for distilling those things which are easily sublevated as roots seeds leaves flowers and suaveolent Spices such as are not so easily sublevated as farnesses rosins and gums are to be extolled and that more aptly in a Retort of very thick glass The forms of distilling are so many Varia distillandi formae and the instruments as also their matter so various that they can scarce be kept within certain Laws yet is this old custome still observed that Apothecaries do commonly distill young Plants and other Medicâ—ments in Pewter Alembicks or Leaden tinn'd within which are not so noxious as many fear yet them of Glass and Clay are better but they maâ—easily be broken and then useless Now such things as may not endure the vehemency of heat may be better distilled in Balneum Maria
hung a little lump of Leaven in the vessells they leave it for two or three dayes and then they drink it with great pleasure to expell thirst for this drink is sharp and sweet and most pleasant to their palates others boyle six pounds of honey in fifty pound of fountain-water and scum it well and then they dissolve an ounce and an half or two ounces of Leaven or Barm and put in the Barrell leaving a certain space as about two or three fingers breadth empty Apomel is not very watry and as in strength and vertue Apomeli it is equall to vinous Hydromel so hath it the same manner of preparation as we shall shew in our shop Amongst sweet potions is reckoned Oinomel Oinomel which is made of two parts of old wine and one of honey and sometimes of six parts of swee new wine and one of honey according to Oribasius Cap. 25. lib. 5. Collect. and because honey is of thin parts and most sweet those Medicaments that admit of its Commistion do conduce most to the attenuation coction and expurgation of grosse humours CHAP. IV. Of Syrups mixed with Honey THat which the Greeks call Oxymel and the Arabians Secanjabin The Apothecaries and not improperly call a tart sweet potion for it is a sower syrup made of water and honey or sweet wine and vinegar whence the taste recerves it as soure and sweet and as it hath a mixed and various sapour so hath it mixed virtues as by reason of the honey to the vinegar as of the vinegar to 〈…〉 for vinegar hath a purging faculty and it is Gal. l 1. Acetum esse calidum frigidum simpl 〈◊〉 2. Comp Med. loc cold and hot discussive repulsive and therefore Oxymel is commodious for hot cold diseases it cuts attenuates and cleanseth grosse and slimy humours it educes spittle Oxymelitis qualitas takes away obstructions it prepares cold humours for expulsion it moderates hot humours and quenches thirst for honey is averse to cold humours vineger to their lentour and water to heat and therefore causes that the honey be longer cocted better scummed and the vertue of the Oximel Mellis optimi nota better distributed as Messue his Interpreter well observes And the honey should not onely be very good sweet and sharp pale of colour neither too thick nor too watrish nor abounding with spume but the water also being a common solace both to the whole and sick as Galen saith Cap. 27. lib. de renum dignot Aquae bonitas qui dignoscatur Medicat and most necessary to all things ought to be most pure and good and it may be tryed so to be by taste sight and smell by tast as if it be free from all qualities indued with none by sight as if it be pure sincere and exquisitely cleere by smell as if nothing can be smelled therein which is in vitious waters and the vinegar also must necessarily be very good rather white than red Acetum quodnam optimum not stillatitious nor watrish but most sharp which hath a more potent faculty in cutting and attenuating Now that Oxymel is reckoned amongst Medicines is from vineger for it is not of them accounted sweet wine betwixt which Oxymel and Apomel takes place called by Serapis Acumel But because all vineger hath not the same vertue nor all men the same delight in its taste the same proportion of honey to vineger is not generally used for some would have more of vineger others more of honey whence Serapio thinks it should be made according to his mind that drinks yet the confection described by Mesue and Oribasius is most received and approved And it is made of one part of vineger Oxymelitis praeparatio two of water and four of honey and all are boyled together to the consistency of a more liquid syrup for if it be not perfectly cocted yet because of the honey it may be preserved long enough without corruption And this is called simple Oxymel in respect of that which is more compound which besides water honey and vinegar receives many roots and fruits whereof many formes are described by Nicolaus Myrepsus and later writers CHAP. V. Of Juices mixed with Honey HOney is the Countrey-mans sugar wherewith they often condite Cherries Goosberies and Pears Apothecaryes also not for want of sugar but by the Physicians advise confect certain juices fruits and flowers with honey and make them into Conserves Galenjabin Conserva Rosarum sapes and syrups conserves as honey of Roses called by the Arabians Geneljabin and by the Greeks Rhodomel which is made of one part of the flowers of red roses bruised and three parts of honey despumed Mel passulatum Sapes as honey of grapes which confected of one pound of dry grapes clensed and macerated for a whole day in three pounds of water then boyled to the half afterwards strained and mixed with an equall quantity of honey despumed syrups as another kind of honey of roses which is made of an equall quantity of despumed honey and red rose juice the Mercuriall honey or Mel Mercuriale is also confected after the like manner and cocted to the consistency of a thicker syrup And as the consistency of these conserves of roses is various so is their description and preparation for many take the same quantity of roses purged from their white and of honey as Mesue also did but they do not as he Rhodomel boyle them on the fire but expose them to the heat of the Sun Mel Rosatum foliatum for the space of ten or twelve dayes before they repose them in their shops thus also Rhodomel prepared without colature is called by some of a later stampe Mel Rosatum foliatum and by others Conserva mellis Rosarum But that which is confected of an equall part of the juice of red roses and of honey because of its sapour and consistency is called the syrrup of the honey of roses That same is a mean betwixt both because made partly of the leaves and juice of Roses with an equall weight of honey yet the former manner of confection is more approved after which manner also other Medicinall honeys are confected of other flowers Yet is it better that these be insolated than decocted with fire Cur prastet hac insolari quà m coqui because the odour of flowers being easily dissipable perishes and their qualities do not remain integrall after cocture but they will easily endure insolation which acting with a temperate and diuturnall heat not short and fervid better mixes such Medicaments yet that honey which is made of fresh roses is used to be cocted with a slow fire that which is made of dry roses should be insolated Now what way soever honey of roses is made whether of flowers integrall or broken it ought first a little to be calefied that it may be strained and it is called Mel Rosatum Colatum As
the heart of the waters of Bugloss Scabious Cardaus Sorrel Roses of each ℥ iij. spec diamarg. frigid Triasant of eachʒ j. ss Powder of Tormentill Gentian Dictamus and grains of Kermes of eachʒ ss with which besprinkle a linnen cloth and apply it hot to the region of the heart The Antients much commended the use of Scarlet cloth which is not approved of by the more recent because in its tincture it is infected with much Arsenick but I approve of it in poysonous diseases seeing poysons in such a case are often salutiferous CHAP. VII Of Lotion WE understand not by Lotion here a bath of cold water as Oribasius cap. 7. lib. 1. and Paulus cap. 51. lib. 1. do but the ablution of some particular member in some medicinal decoction to take away its filth correct its distemper digest its humour roborate its parts mitigate its dolour and to conciliate sleep This Decoction will by ablution of the head kill Lice ℞ Staves-acre ℥ ij Wormwood Tansy Betony A Lotion to kill lice the lesser Centanry of each m. ij Coloquintide seeds ℥ ss boyl them in a sufficient quantity of water till a third part be consumed and with a sponge wash his head This Lotion will denigrate the hairs of hoary heads which I prescribe to such old women as would not betray their age to their husbands by their whiteness ℞ The bark of Oke and Elm of each ℥ ij Galls ℥ ij the bark of Wallnuts lb. ss the leaves of the Pomegranate tree and Mirtle of each m. ss boyl them in a sufficient quantity of water adde thereunto Alum◠℥ ij Vitriol ℥ j. after the Colature wash the hairs therewith letting it dry in the Sun Yet Galen cap. 1. lib. 1. de comp med loc professes that he never exhibited any thing to such as adorned themselves for their own or others delight for this were all one as to paint a Sepulcher In times past men washed their heads more frequently than now adayes which caused of late this Proverb Wash your head never feet seldome hands often This Lotion made of the decoction of such Simples will mitigate calour and soporate the senses will by ablution of the feet therein conciliate sleep ℞ Lettice m. iij. Betony Water-lillyes of each m. ij Poppy flowers A Lotion to wash the feet to cause rest m. j. boyl them in water and wash the feet therewith CHAP. VIII Of an Embroche or Aspersion BY Embrochation we mean the irrigation of some part affected with some Oil Decoction or Liquor accommodated to the cure of that distemper distilled thereon like rain and hence Embroche from the Greek word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to rain This Medicament according to Aetius cap. 172. ser 3. tetr 1. is used when bathing is for some circumstances prohibited And as it is the decoction of Poppy and Chamemile it conduces much to such as are infested with night-watches feavers and delirations Archigenes seeing his Master Agathinus to rave because of his long wakes freed him both from his deliry and wakings by irrigating his head with much hot Oil. These irrigations seem to differ from foments onely in this that they are distilled upon the part from on high the foments being onely applyed thereunto by sponges cloaths or in bags Now according to Oribasius Prigatio cap. 23. lib. 9. we use irrigation onely when some inflammation must be resolved or ulcer suppurated Aspersion but aspersion in washing the face and in hot feavers and that in Summer with cold water in Winter with warmer Yet in more simple Feavers as also in the subversion of the stomack we use water mixed with vinegar in aspersion We use aspersions also to cure eyes infested with fluxes by the decoction of Basil which is most efficacious subjecting a dry sponge under the chin lest the water 〈◊〉 down to the breast An Embroche or Irrigation is compounded of Simples cocted i◠Wine Water Lees or Oil as this same for the Lethargy ℞ Embroche capitis Cyperus Calamus Aromaticus Orris Bay tree of each ℥ ss Sage Rosemary Penniroyal Calamint Staechados of each m. ss Squinant Coriander seed Cummin seed of eachʒ ij boyl these in three pints of water till the third part be consumed adde to the Colature Aqua vitae ℥ iij. besprinkle this on the head An Irrigation to conciliate sleep consists of Simples endued with quite contrary qualities and is thus made ℞ Lettice m. ij Water-lillyes white Roses of each m. j. Poppy flowers Betony of each m. ss boyl these and let the Colature be sprinkled on the head To Irrigation we may refer the Stillicide or Laver of medicated waters but it is not now our intention to treat thereof but will proceed CHAP. IX Of a Liniment ALiniment is of a middle consistency betwixt an Unguent and Oil being more liquid than an Unguent Linimenium quid and more crass than Oil for it admits of a very little Wax and Fat in its confection and therefore is not fluid without incalescence at the Fire or Sun Its basis i◠Oil whereunto sometimes is added a little of refinous Fat with Wax yet not so much but it still retains its soft consistency for a Liniment is nothing but a very soft Unguent to the confection whereof any Oil may be assumed so it be accommodated with faculties requisite to the intended scope And therefore almost every Liniment being paregorical and lenitive is confected either of simple Oil or of Oil of Almonds Violets or such like which will not excessively alter any temper as this same to abate the dolour of the side in a Pleurisy ℞ Oil of sweet Almonds ℥ ij ss fresh Butter ℥ j. Litus ad pleuritidem a little Wax to make it up into a Linctus anoint the side therewith Now to mitigate some dolour caused by a frigid humour some Oil must be assumed which is calid in the same degree that it may correct the humours distemper As on the contrary this Liniment made of refrigerating Oils will amend the distemper and asswage the dolour caused by a calid humour ℞ Oil of Water-lillyes ℥ ij ss Oil of Roses ℥ ss Waxʒ iij. Let them be melted for a Liniment ℞ Oil of Violets ℥ ii the musilidge of Marsh-mallow roots or Linsud ℥ i. a little Wax to make it a Liniment and apply it to the part affected This Liniment will mitigate a cold distemper ℞ Oil of Chamomile and Dill of each ℥ i. ss Ducks fat ℥ i. A Litus for a cold distemper Wax ʒ iii. let these be melted together and make a Liniment CHAP. X. Of Mucagines or Musliges BEcause there is often mention made of Mucagines which are either applyed alone or mixed with other Medicaments our Institution leads us now to speak a little thereof Now this Mucilage is efficacious in mollifying humectating and leniating some dolour as that same which is extracted from glutinous roots and seeds sometimes it digests and attracts as
can Pharmacopolies be without colatories of silk linen Canvas and Woolen some whereof are rare others dense and others indifferent and some again are new others almost worn and yet the newest are most used because the whole succe of the thing to be strained may by more valid compressure be educed without the fracture of the cloath But sometimes these sometimes the weaker are taken according to the consistency of the succes those that are of themselves tenuious need a denser strainer lest the tenuious part be not onely transmitted but some gross matter with it Those that are crass and viscid must he trajected through a rare strainer those of a middle consistency through a cloth of a middle density Crass and viscid succes require three things strong percolation more ample dilution and a rarer colatory or strainer they must also be calified before collation for so their density will be more rarified and they more easily transmeate yea many will not percolate at all unless they be very hot others when cold and some onely warm some need onely one colature others two and others more the first colature must be in a rare strainer the second in a dense one and the third in a more compact one that passage may be obstructed to all filth those that are of a liquid consistency if they be to be purcolated twice or thrice it may be done in the same strainer There are certain VVoolen Strainers of a long and pyramidall figure numerated amongst these colatories which they call Hippocrates his sleeves wherein the Hippocratical VVine is twice or thrice strained till it be clear These serve also for straining Melicras congealing salves and many decoctions that all extraneous matters may be separated from them and they remain sincere as we have shewed in our Institutions CHAP. 9. Of Furnaces SOme Furnaces serve onely for decoctions and receive Kettles Dishes Caldrons and other vessels wherein simples are cocted prepared and compounded others for distillations and receive Cucurbites Retorts Bladders Pots and other vessels accommodated to Distillations made either by Ascent or Descent Those that serve for decocting Medicaments are not of one sort for some are portatile and rotund made of molten or beaten Iron which as their inferiour parts stand upon three valid legs so doth their superiour emit three oblong auricles more prominent then the Furnaces lips whereon the Vessels to be calified are superimposed Their supream part is patulous like some gaping Morter into which coals are immitted a Gridiron or ferreous trabicles being supposited which may give way to the falling ashes which are afterwards extracted out of the posternal door structed for that purpose others are made of Clay and Bricks which are almost quadâ—ate fixed and immoveable standing upon no feet but within like the other Those which serve for distillations whether we look at the matter whereof or form wherein they are made are multifarious for some are made of Iron others of Copper others of Potters earth others of common clay Bricks and other businesses requisite to structure furthermore some are round as the Metalline Furnaces which have ears on both sides that they may be carried by others Quadrilaterous Pentagonous Multifarious fixed and immoveable wherein three Prothecaries are made the Inferiour the Superiour and the Middle The inferiour receives the ashes and is thence called the Cirerist or by the usual Chymical term Conistery whereinto a door opens by which the burning coals are ventilated by the wind the Pabulum suppeditated to the fire and the ashes extracted the middle Region of the Furnace wherein the fire is which is divided from the Conistery by a certain craticle is called Focus by the latter age for in it is the fomentation of the calour which califies the superimposed in the superiour Chamber of the Furnace which is variously formed according to the various magnitude and figure of the vessel imposed near that part where the Funary tube is are certain previations for the smoak to evade by But we have tradited the most usual description of a Furnace in our Institutions C. 31. Book 2. And as structure of the distillative Furnaces is various so is it in many elegant for some are built like a Tower like a Tortoise and Simple which onely contain one vessel others are structed with very much artifice and are manifold assurging with five or more â—â—ricles each one whereof contains a peculiar vessel thus one vessel may be full of hot water to distil by a bath another of ashes another of sand another of another matter according to the various scope of the Operator but I would have a Pharmacopoly filled with thus many Furnaces seeing it is made for Medicaments rather then Instruments CHAP. 10. Of Alembicks and Cucurbites AN Alembick in its larger acception complects Cucurbites Retorts Glass-pots and a certain Instrument of Copper with three feet and three partitions in the lowest wherof ashes have their place in the middle burning coals and in the highest a vessel covered with a rostrated capitel in form of a Cone and sometimes round with a refrigeratory formed like a small cup that it may hold more water which when it is hot may be effunded through a cock posited in its decline and other cold water affunded into it again But it s more angust signification denotes onely a certain beaked distillatory vessel joyned to another vessel contained in the superiour part of the furnace and such are our Alembicks of Lead Glass or Potters-clay whether uniform or acuminated above broad below like a bell whence they are so called yet some are capitated and round and often obvallated with a certain refrigerative vessel which they sometimes call a Capitel sometimes a Hat because as the Head is covered with a Hat so is that receptacle or vessel which contains the stillatitious matter whose various form alters its denomination covered with an Alembick It is sometimes call'd a Cucurbite sometimes a Bladder sometimes Boccia Matratium a Pot and other names But the Bell whether it be alone or set on the receptacle is called an Alembick whereof there are two main differences the one is beaked which emits a long channel propendent like the snout of an Elephant through which condensed vapours delabe into the supposited vessel the other wants this tube and is called a blind Alembick this is proper to the Chymists who use it in sublimation as the beaked one in distillation some of these have such a long tube that they can traject it through the middle of a hogs-head full of cold water which concretes and contemperates the delabing water better Many have a beak deflected like a Serpent or Worm which name it holds and is most accommodate to distil Aqua vitae which the Chymists call Elixir vitae The magnitude also and figure of the receptacles are various for some are very ample and bellied others so small that they exceed not the magnitude of a Walnut and these are destinated to Chymical
will educe clear water then incend it and you will have rubicund Oyl keep each apart They are special Medicaments for the cure of wounds Balsamum 5. Med. Florent or the fifth Balsam by the Medicks of Florence â„ž of Turpentine lb j. old Oyl â„¥ vj. Oyl of Bayes â„¥ iiij Cinamon Spikenard of each â„¥ ij new Tyles well boyled â„¥ viij Bray such as are to be brayed and distil them in an Alembick It moves Urine breaks stones kills worms helps the hissing of the ears the Palsey Cramp Gout and all dolours of the Junctures either by way of Potion or Unguent a small quantity thereof in a water fit for the affection may be drunk Balsamum 6. Euonymi or The sixth Balsam D. Euonym which is yet vulnerary â„ž of Turpentine â„¥ ss Olibanum â„¥ vj. Aloes Mastick Galangal Cinamon Saffron Nutmegs Cloves Cubebs of each â„¥ j. Gum of Ivy â„¥ ij Pulverate and mix them with Turpentine then put them in a glass Alembick and adde to them Camphyr and Amber-grise of eachÊ’ ij Distil them with a slow fire the first water will be white and clear and is called the Wine of Balsam the second is flave called Oyl the third croceous and that is the surest Balsam This Balsam is much commended for its excellent faculties for it is the most speedy collective of wounds sarcotical to hollow Ulcers and epulotical to all it is a sure help for the Palsey and imbecility of the Nerves Balsamum 7. vulgare or The seventh and vulgar Turpentine â„ž of Venetian Turpentine lb j. Gum-Elemni â„¥ v. common Rosine â„¥ iij. let these be melted together adding thereunto the powder of long Birthwort â„¥ ij Dragons-bloodÊ’ iij. repose it in a vessel to cool This Balsam is inferiour to none in perducing old or new Ulcers to sanity it especially cures the external diseases of the head it is easie to make Balsamum 8. admirabile or The eighth and admirable Balsam â„ž of the leaves and stowers of Tutsan or the grains of the leaves flowers or tops of S. Johns-wort the tops of both the Oaks of Jerusalem of the leaves of Ground-Ivy of each m. ss of both sorts of Sage and of Ground-pine of each m. ss Macerate them two dayes in lb ij of white and generous wine adde lb ij ss of old Oyl Boyl them on a slow fire till the wine be dissipated adde to the colature of Turpentine lb j. Olibanum â„¥ iiij Myrrhe â„¥ iij. Mastick Dragons-blood of each â„¥ ij Storax â„¥ j. Boyl them a little on a slow fire then repose them seven dayes in the Sun and repose them in an earthen or glass vessel for use This Balsam is not causlesly called The Wonderful one for many affections which contemn other Praesidies are miraculously cured by the adjument of this It presently cures any new Wound or Ulcer it heals also inveterate and dyepulotical ones it roborates the nerves cures trembling and palsey conduces to all external affections of the head especially cold ones it foments innate heat allayes frigid dolours and roborates the parts I could describe more but they are needless if these be in readiness Finis Libri Quarti The Apothecaries Shop OR ANTIDOTARY Of EXTERNAL MEDICAMENTS THE FIFTH BOOK Of Unguents and Cerecloths THE PREFACE UNguents were of old in such use and fame that he that handled or sold them solely or them and other Medicaments was called an Unguentary and Myropolist The Arabians often call Cerecloths and Salves Unguents as Dioscorides doth many odorate Oyls according to that of Hippocrates A Medick should be Unguented that is Perfumed that by the fragrant halite of his vesture he may purchase glory amongst the vulgar But now Unguents are in a more angust acceptance taken onely for those Medicaments which adhibited and illited onely on external parts are thought to auxiliate them when other Medicaments would either through their gravity burthen them or through their humidity hurt them and are olaginous of a middle consistence betwixt a Cerecloth and a Liniment as a Cerecloth is betwixt an Unguent and a Salve Now the proportion of Oyl in the confection of an Unguent is such that one ounce thereof responds to each dragm of Powder and two dragms of Wax So that there is four times as much Oyl as Wax and eight times as much Oyl as Powder And seeing heat makes the consistence of an Unguent softer and cold harder Myropolists used to mix more Oyl in Winter and less in Summer with their ingredients Now seeing there is much conformity betwixt a Cerecloth and an Unguent both consisting of the same Materials onely differing in proportion the Unguent receiving more Oyl and less Wax that it may be of a middle consistence betwixt a Liniment and a Cerecloth more spisse then the one and more liquid then the other We have determined to treat of them both in this Book In whose first Section we shall describe the most approved and usual Unguents in the second Cerecloths Now Unguents are either made with fire as those that admit Wax Rosines and decoctions of Simples or without fire as such as need onely nutrition and subaction as the crude Unguent and the Unguent of Quicksilver of which we shall in particular treat in this Book beginning with the Refrigerative The first whereof that occurs is the Unguent of Roses CHAP. 1. Unguentum Rosatum or The Unguent of Roses D. Mes â„ž Hogs-suet nine times washed in hot and cold water fresh red Roses of each lb iij. mingle them and let them be macerated seven days afterwards boyl them upon a gentle fire and let them be strained afterwards fresh Roses put in macerated boyled and strained as before afterwards pour upon it of the Juyce of red Roses lb j. ss Oyl of sweet Almonds lb ss boyl them upon a gentle fire till the Juyce be consumed and if in boyling you adde a little Opium it will be excellent to procure sleep The COMMENTARY That this Unguent may be duly confected the Hogs-grease should be accurately purged from its membranes nine times washed in warm water and nine times in cold that it may depose all its odour for so it will be more apt to receive any odour and easily admit of the fragrance of Roses Now the maceration of the Roses should be iterated that they may be more efficacious half as much of their succe and the sixth part of as much of the Oyl of Almonds as there is of grease should ingrede the colature according to Mesue But to three pounds of Hogs-grease we put a pound and an half of the succe of Roses and half a pound of the Oyl of Almonds Some in stead of the Oyl of Almonds put the Oyl of Roses or Omphacinum but then the Unguent will not open the pores of the skin nor permeate so quickly It may be made without any Oyl seeing it is liquid enough of it self and thus almost all Myropolists make it But it is better to have it too liquid with the Oyl of
made of Apples Pomatum a drink made of Apples Ponderous weighty Pontian Wormwood see Wormwood Poplitis vena the vein of a mans ham behind the leg Populaeon an oyntment in the shops made of poplar Pores the skin is full of small unperceivable little holes whereby sweat and vapors exhale from the body Poros that matter which consolidateth the broken bones within Posca a kind of small houshold Wine mixed with Water in the press Potent powerful Potential that is any thing in quality hot or cold or burning opposed to actual as a red hot iron is actually burning Potible that which may be drunk Precided cut off Praecipitation is when bodies dissolved in Aqua fortis into Water and Mercury cast upon them and beaten into ashes they are made perfect medicines Praecipitated thrown headlong Praeforations stoppings Praeparation of humors is to make them fit for expulsion and consists in separating them from the mâ—ss of good bloud or in thickening them if they are too thin or in thinning them if too thick Praeposterous out of season unhandsome unseemly disorderly Praepetent strong effectual potent above or before others Praesidies auxiliary forces helps by the by Praesidy help comfort c. Pregnant big with child Prepuce the fore-skin of a mans yard which the Jewes used to cut off in Circumcision Praestigiators cozeners cheaters Preternatural contrary or besides the course of nature Privation God knows what it is there is no such thing in nature Probable likely to come to pass Procatarctick Causes the primary first working or moving Causes as in a Fever the next immediate moving Cause is putrefied Choller c. but the first working and occasional Cause was the patients taking cold or by swimming in cold water whereby the pores became shut and so the matter of the Disease inflamed by being pent up in the body Procerity height Procidentia Ani the falling down of the fundament which is very frequent in children Procidious ready to fall out Profligation the overthrowing driving away or bringing any thing to destruction Profluvio sanguinis ex naribus flux of bloud at the nose Profound deep subtilly learned Prognosis the fore-knowledge of a disease Prognosticks of diseases signs foretelling what will be the event of any particular disease or if the patient shall recover or not Projects cast forth Propomates all kind of drinks made with sugar and hony Prostates the kernels which keep the seed after the stones have flnish'd it Propriety a pain by propriety is when the cause of the pain is in the part pained as when the head-ach comes from the humors in the head it 's called a pain by propriety when it proceeds of vapors sent up from the stomach or any other part it 's called head-ach by consent or sympathy Protopium Wine new pressed out of the grape Protraction is the lengthening out of the disease and making it last long as most of those you call Doctors are wont to do to get the more fees from their patients purses Protrusion casting out Pryapismus an unnatural standing of the yard without any desire to generation Pseudo-medick a false physitian or counterfeit Empirick Psilothers medicines to take off hair from any part of the body Psora Plinit sera scabies a certain kind of scurvy itch so called Pterygium or Haw in the eyes called Unguis is a hard nervous little membrane which coms out of the great corner of the eye covers the white and after by continuance the black and covering the pupilla hindereth the sight Pthiriasis morbus pedicularis the louzy disease Ptisan a Decoction of Barly Pubes the hairy hillock above the privities in men and women the word signifies ripeness because that hair being grown out shews the party to be fit for Generation Pugil as much in quantity as may be taken up between the three fore fingers and the thumb Pulsation beating of the arteries in any part of the body Pulse beans pease vetches c. Pulverization bringing to pouder Pupil of the eye is the round black spot in the middle which we commonly call the sight or apple of the eye pulchritude beauty Pulverable hard things as oyster-shells brought to pouder Purgation is the clensing of impure liquor having a thick sediment and froth by Decoction Putrefaction dissolving or opening of mixed mineral bodies by a natural warmth and moist putrefaction viz. by horse dung and Balneum Mariae Putretude filthiness Purilence the dissolution of any thing into a thick slimy substance Pyramis a geometrical figure broad at bottom and growing less and less towards the top till it end in a point the Sepulchers of the Egyptian Kings were of this form and therefore called pyramides Pyroticks Causticks burning medicines as the name imports Q Quartation is the separation of gold and silver mixt together by four unequal parts Quinque-angular five corner'd Quinta Essentia is an absolute pure and well digested medicine drawn from any substance either animal vegetable or mineral Quittour matter Quotidiana a daily Ague commonly call'd a Quotidian Ague R Radical moisture the fundamental juyce of the body whereby the natural heat is nourished and preserveed as the flame in a Lamp is preserved by oyle Ramex varicosus a Rupture of swollen bones Ranula a swelling under the tongue in that part whereby it is bound to the ligament it is oftentimes so large that it is seen above the lower teeth Rarefaction making thin Rasion rasping shreding or fileing Recenseate reckon up Recency newness Recipient part is that part which receives the offending humor Recruted repaired restored made up it 's a term in the Art Military Rectification when the distilled liquor is oftentimes distill'd over again Redacted brought constrained reduced Reduced brought back again Reduction the restauration of any thing that hath suffered a change or alteration to its former condition Reduplicated often doubled or repeated Refaricated stuffed quilted Referted replenished well furnished Reflux flowing back again Reficiates amends comforts Refocilate refresh revive Refractions the breaking of the representations in visible objects it 's a term in Opticks Refragates contradicts gainsayes Refrigeration cooling Refrigeratory is in general any plate or vessel used for cooling particularly it is taken for a vessel like a pail placed about the head of an Alembeck of Copper or Pewter and is used to be filled with cold Water that so the Still-head may not grow hot but that the Spirits which in distillation ascend up may the more easily be made thick and turned back into the Receiver which otherwise would be dispersed and consumed Relax is used sometimes to signifie the loosening of the belly Relaxing flakening unbinding Remitted lessened abated eased pardoned Renovation a renewing Repelled driven away Repercussives medicines which are applied to drive back the humors from a diseased part Repletion too great an abundance or fulness of bloud and humors Reposed laid up to lie a great while Represses restrains Reptant creeping Repullulate bud or spring again Repurgation the purging of
mitigated The five opening roots after Lotion should be steeped in vineger Quinque radicum aperientium praeparatio that they might the easier cut viscid Phlegme and sooner deduce humors by the passage dedicated to the expelling of humor Nettle-seed Urticae semen quibus conveniat steeped in the decoction of the hearb Draconth and assumed helpes any stopping at the stomach for it is exceeding good for those that are troubled with stoppages It causes the throat and other parts by which it passeth to cease to burn or itch But purging ingredients and odoriferous spices are usually infused in Wine or Water or some suitable decoction or some distilled water or in juices extracted from vegerables according to the severall ends and purposes of the Doctor that they might lose their proper qualities and transmit them into the liquor thus Rhabarb and Agarick are wont to be infused not onely that their vertue might go into the liquor but that it might have a better and more effectuall operation of the body of him that assumes it The mixture of Vinum Hypocraticum is onely the infusion of Cinamon in the best Wine Vinum Hypocraticum with the dissolution of sugar so much as will dulcorate it There is also some Ginger mixed with it by the Apothecaries that it may the better content and please the drinkers palate So also Gummi Ammoniacum Gummorum infusio Galbanum Oppoponax and Sagapenum are macerated steeped or infused in Wine or Vineger to bring down their consistences that the filth mixed therewith may be separated from them by colature before they are to be used in the compositions of Electuaries or Plaisters or for other uses So flowers of Violets Roses and Water-Lillyes Florum Insusio are infused in warme water till their vertues be transmitted and the colature dulcorated with a sufficient quantity of sugar to bring it into the consistency of a syrup CHAP. VI. Of Humectation and other differences of Infusion HUmectation Infection or Triture are wont to be reduced to infusion or Immersion And Irrigation or Inspersion to Humectation for those Medicaments that are liquored with Vineger Milk Water or other humor grow moist or are humected that they may more comodiously and conveniently be used and commixed with others Now humectation What Medicaments need humectation is absolute necessary to all forraign Medicaments which being brought to us from far Regions are hard and dry their juice being evaporated and therefore we resartiate their native humidity or cherish and defend that small relique of it that is left by a light immersion or irrigation or oftentimes by reposing and keeping them in a coole place as when we lay and preserve Cassia in a cellar Venetian Treacle in a leaden pot c. that their vertues may not so soon be exhaled Many odoriferous simples also should be moistned The humâ—ctation of odours if they are ordered to be pulverized or grinded as Amber Bezoar Musk c. least the more subtill and odoriferous parts should fly away Humectation also is very necessary for the preservation of fruits and blaunching of them from their skins and hulls As Almonds that they may be enucleated are first to be scalded in hot water Pine nutâ—s and other fruits and nutts before they can be preserved must be steeped moistned and macerated in water that their acrimony and bitterness may be abated for any fruit that hath any apparant quality of acrimony by a frequent immersion in water or other liquor doth waxe more mild Camphire Colocynth Euphorbium How to powder Camphir Colocinth Euphorbium How to powder Mastick and many others that are to be pulverized must be besprinkled with a little oyl of Almonds or such other thing before their grinding and Mastich humected with a little rose-water which causeth it sooner to be pulverized and its vertue lesse expire or its subtler part be diminished by flying away Irrigation is reduced to humectation Irrigation which is as it were a little or sparing humectation for those that must be used dry ought to be irrigated or moistned with a gentle sprinkling that they may become more usefull and their vertues more retained CHAP. VII Of Nutrition MEdicaments in a rationall sense cannot well be said to be nourished but in a Philosophicall sense they may as when a medicament is augmented by the mutuall apposition of two three or more Medicaments which acretion the vulgar Apothecaryes call Nutrition and perchance it was indued with this name because it is as apparantly altered in mixing as Nutriment in nourishing Now nutrition is not unlike to Humectation Nutrition is Cosin-german to Huniectation for in both there must necessarily be mixed some liquor or other which in Humectation is copious but in Nutrition spare for in the latter the liquor must not be powred on with that quantity that the forther requires for when it is once irrigated or sprinkled it must be presently dryed and that either by the Sun or fire and againe moystned and dryed and so irrigated three or foure times Sarcocolla nutritia as the Gum Sarcocolla which is nourished with a womans or Asses milk but if macerated with a copious quantity thereof it presently dissolves and the milk will be soure before the Gumme can be dryed Alcumists usually nourish metalls by a congruent homour to the thing nourished prepared after an occult manner either that they may the sooner be melted or dissolved or nourished and augmented And so to the making up of the crude unguent which is prepared with one part of Litharge Triapharmacon foure of oyl and five of vineger the Litharge by a continuall beating is so nourished by the foresaid oyl and vineger that it growes to the consistency of an unguent without the help of fire or addition of other hard bodyes Many roots are irrigated sometime with Wine sometimes with other liquors that they may swell As Mirabolans with milk or with any other liquor correspondent to the Physicians purpose and intent So likewise Aloes is sometimes nourished with a decoction of Aromaticks The way to wash Aloes or some other fit and convenient liquor answerable to the doctors intent but oftner with the juice of hearbs leaves or flowers as with the juice of roses red or damask of red to roborate or damaske to purge both which do augment the aforesaid qualities and sometimes in the juice of Endive to mitigate the heat of the stomach but first it should be dissolved in some of the aforesaid juices afterwards dryed then pulverized againe washed and nourished with the same proportion of juice and dried as before and this reiterated so often till the Aloes have drunk in the determinated quantity of the juice or liquor CHAP. VIII Of Maceration Infection and digestion MAceration is so neere a kin to humectation that they are often used for one and the same manner of preparation for Medicaments are infunded humected and macerated for the self
such things as he would have to congeal as jelly as also such things as are after coction hard he reposes in his Shop as solid Electuaries dry Conserves and Plasters Now Refrigeration differs from Extinction in this that all things extinguished are refrigerated not on the contrary c. CHAP. XVI Of Putrefaction and Fermentation GAlen out of Aristotle observes cap. 9. lib. 2. de diff feb comm ad part 1. lib. 3. epid that Putrefaction proceeds alwayes from external heat in a humid matter as also the internal heat cocteth and corrupteth not So also whatever is in every part dry doth never apertly putrifie as we see neither Brick nor Gold nor Silver to putrifie And because things are putrid from an external heat Mensis Philosophicus Chymicorum Putrefaction is a kinde of Coction as when some medicamental matter is left in a Vial occinded in dung or as Alcumists say a Horses belly for they give feigned names to their feigned art for the space of thirty and sometimes forty dayes the last term whereof is called by them the Philosophical month and the Liquor of this Putrefaction menstruous or Putrefaction finished in a months space The Alcumists own this kinde of preparation Menstruum quid Chymicis as peculiar to themselves but Galen many years before they were hatched taught how to putrifie the Gem Calcitis and Litargie obruted with dung after they were put into a new pot with Vinegar And the Apothecaries also of our time have in this owned Galen who macerate and putrifie the branches of black Poplar for many months together either with Hogs grease for the confection of the Populeon Unguent or with Oil for the Medicine helping weariness Fermentation is not so proper to Medicaments Fermentatio as to Meats and Drinks for a lump of Dough is fermented or leavened that it may make more pleasant and wholsome Bread Wine and Beer are fermented when they grow cold and when there is a segregation of the sincere Suck or Juice Dregs or Faces Sirrups Conserves and Electuaries are also then fermented when new made they refrigerate in the Vessels Alcumists have their fermentation also which they sometimes call Vivification and sometimes Resuscitation for thereby they say that the matter perished is as it were resuscitated from the dead and acquires new virtues The vain Gold-mongers also promise that such a Fermentation will conduce to the transmutation of Metals but they never yet knew the matter of the Ferment nor the manner of its confection CHAP. XVII Of Dissolution MEdicaments are wont to be variously changed before they be exhibited for the most part when whole Medicaments will not serve they are prepared by some triture or dissolution in some liquor or other 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Now this dissolution is a certain triture whereby Medicaments as well simple as compound are dissolved in some fit humour to a moderate consistency and sometimes smaller sometimes thicker according to the Physicians purpose Now Medicaments are dissolved for many uses first Dissolutionis usus multiplex that they may be easily assumed secondly that they may more readily be compounded with others thirdly that they may sooner be distributed fourthly that they may penetrate into the part affected and if need be remain there as when liquid Medicaments are injected into the belly bladder intestines or any Ulcer in the body fifthly Medicaments are dissolved that they may afterwards be strained and that their virtues purged from excrements may sooner enter the inward parts Thus Medicaments which break the Stone Dithontriptica are dissolved sometimes in white Wine sometimes in the juice of Limmons in the water of Wall pelitory Radish-roots or such like that they may more easily permeate the holes of the reins and the passages of the ureters On the contrary such as are to be moved with the Spittle are to be dissolved in a thicker matter as in Conserves or Sirrup Anachartasis quomodo movonda that they may appear rather as a Medicine to be sucked than drunk And as Triture so also Infusion and oftentimes Calefaction are requisite to Dissolution for such as are hard pliant and viscid can scarce be dissolved till they be broken or steeped or calefied by the Sun or Fire Thus many Medicaments may be dissolved presently after Triture and many kinds of Earth others not without long agitation as all shels of Fishes and many more Some require both Maceration and Calfaction as many Gummes which before dissolution should be macerated with strong Vinegar Aqua vitae or strong Wine But Metals and Minerals cannot be dissolved in any juice or liquor Non quavis in quovis liquore dilui but in the juice of Limmons in Vinegar distilled or in such Watert as the Alcumists call strong Waters Any Medicament therefore is not dissolved in any liquor but in some fit and determinate one for Turpentine may lie a whole natural day in water or in a decoction and scarce be dissolved without some Eggs yolks be superadded In general Grease Marrow and Fatness are melted at the fire that they may be more easily dissolved and ingrede the composition of Unguents and Plaisters All kinds of odoriferous Medicaments are dissolved in cordial Waters or altering Waters for moyst medicinal Plaisters Pils or other Purges whether compound or simple are dissolved in Aqua vitae or other convenient Liquor by an artificial sedulity in drawing out their extracts Solid things also which neither can nor ought to be exhibited in that form are first to be broken and dissolved in some convenient liquor that they may more safely and easily be assumed CHAP. XVIII Of Liquation ALL Medicaments after due preparation thereunto may be dissolved but few can be melted for Stones may be burned Wood accended but in no wise melted because not congulated with cold Liquatio quid For saith Aristotle cap. 6. lib. 7. meteor Liquation is a solution of those things which are congealed by cold into a more liquid and fluent consistency by heat as Fatness Marrow Oil in winter and such like which with little cold are concreted and with little heat diffuded But such things as are concreted with diurnal cold are very hard to â—elt as Gold Brass and Iron the fusion whereof rather pertains to such as are exercised in Metals and not in Medicaments to an Artist and not a Philosopher Liquation differs from Dissolution Dissolutio non nisi fit cum humere in that Liquation is alwayes caused by heat and seldome or never with any humour Dissolutition alwayes with humours seldome with heat Lead is soon melted with heat Sulphur Pitch and Rosin sooner Salt Manna Sugar Gums of Ivy Prunes Juniper and other Trees are sometimes worked in hot water and so diffused that they may be dissolved The Alcumists have illustrated a Pyrothecny Quomodo metalla facile liquentur and have invented many things whereby the liquative or fusitive Art is enriched as
if any such thing be mixed with it may be separated by Colature Those that are thin as the juice of hearbs Lemmons and many fruits ought to be strained warme and often cold for so their terrestriall and grosser part remaines the purer and more sincere being transferred as it were fined from their dreggs But Milk and muddy waters are strained cold that haires if any be fallen thereinto may be separated from the one and mud from the other yet all that which makes the water muddy is oft separated from it by residence as we see in Cisternes where water stands Tent-wine also is three or more times strained cold in a linnen napkin very long and fine for procuring the more pleasant mixture and consistency of the Sugar wine and sweet spices wherewith it is compounded Some may not be strained unlesse very hot others cold others warme and many need onely one colation some two and some three till they grow cleer Apozemes are strained through common strainers sometimes through a woollen bag or linnen strainer but syrrups which are more gross because of the admixtion of honey sugar and their long coction cannot so easily transmeate and therefore require a thin linnen strainer Decoctions whereof unguents are made are strained after the same manner as also the unguents themselves liquified till some thick thing which hath escaped the stroke of the Pestell and the heat of the fire be segregated The thinner part of many Medicaments is segregated from the thicker by the other kind of colation called filtration Filtratio which apparation those Medicaments onely use which make up the compound called Virgins Milk or which expostulate onely some smaller and thinner substance of some Medicament for they assume linnen or woollen lists two or three fingers broad and very long and they dip the one end in the vessell wherein the Medicament to be strained is contained the other end reacheth to another vessell that stands below it and bending into it doth cast out by drop and drop that humour into it which it had continently drawn from the former vessell CHAP. XXVI Of Spumation WHen scum swimming upon a liquor is detracted Spuma quid either with a spoon or feather if it be small or by colature that same act is called Despumation because scum is a certain viscid juice including flatulency for all enumeration of scum proceeds from the mixture of two substances whereof the one is spirituall the other humid it is moved and disjected by a various agitation as Galen saith Comment ad Aphor. 43. lib. 2. therefore the segregation of scums is made by the whites of Eggs which by their lentor and viscidity coact and collect the scum as when juices of flesh many syrrups and Apozemes are in boyling cleansed from their scums But seeing motion and heat are the efficient causes of scum Spumae efficientes cnasae and nothing that is crude and not moved is covered with scum then despumation appertaines to such things as by agitation and coction ingender scum That Honey and Sugar may be cleansed from scum an equall and sometimes a double portion of liquor is put to them and in boyling the scum is taken off with a blunt spoon least together with the scum the liquor in which the concoction is made should be taken off but if despumation by this rule seem unperfect then adde to certain pound weights of liquor certain whites of eggs which assoone as they are hardened by continuall boyling they gather scum so that the segregation of it from the liquour will be very easy because in straining it will be left in the strainer together with the whites of the eggs the sincere and pure liquour onely transmitted If the honey be very impure it must be boyled in a treble portion of liquor till it come to half that the despumation may be perfect which rule will hold in scumming other very impure Medicaments Honey may be purged and cleansed from scum by it self Quando mel per se despumandum when it hath no aliene quality or when it cannot sustein so long coction without impairing its vertue as those things that are mixed with it for then it were better not to mixe it for despumations sake than to despume it with the mixture Sugar to be purged of scum ought so long to be boyled that after despumation that which was a pound before may remain no more than a pound though two or three ounces of liquor have been added to the coction Fruits that are to be preserved while they are boyled with sugar or as some do better boyle them in a portion of sugar are purged by some few scum onely with a spoon as things full cocted are with a linnen strainer for they are wont to be transmitted through a cloth extended and fastned with nailes at every corner that the scum and dreggs might be left above CHAP. XXVII Of Clarification CLarification is a purging of liquid Medicaments from their grosser matter for hereby they are more acceptable to the palate and may more easily be distributed Now many are clarified by themselves alone as when the more feculent settleth as the juice of Apples Oranges Lemmons Bugglosse Sorrell some by despumation others by colation some also by coction the white of eggs for the most part added sometimes also without these as when the juices of plants and fruits are cocted to the consumption of the third part and then stand two dayes till they grow cleere Clarificatio quot modis fiat whence clarification is effected five manner of ways by rest by colation by despumation by the mixtion of vinegar or some sharp matter and by the agitation and coction of whites of Eggs with the thing to be clarified For if decoctions and syrups partake of vinegar they will be more and more purged by themselves through the vertue of the vinegar And whites of eggs must be agitated with a spoon till they be all froathy then put to the syrups or decoctions which must be boyled again and when the scum is gathered about the whites of eggs by perfect coction then must the scum be artificially craded and separated either by common trajection which is through a four cornered cloath fastned at every corner with a nail or by a more peculiar colation which is through Hyppocrates his sleeve Colation should be iterated three or four times till the syrrup or decoction be plainly cleere Men of later times have made certain potions in the form of a Julep which with their consistency being very clear they cill them Clarers but such are made after the manners before nominated CHAP. XXVIII Of Aromatization ARomatization is an artificiall manner of preparation Aromatizatio quid whereby Medicaments are made more odoriferous and suaveolent to the better acceptation of the palate and heart and the greater strength and oblectation to the vitall and animall faculties For Medicaments subverting the ventricle are made lesse offensive if they
afterwards in hot ashes wherein as in the Bath some temperate and milde heat may be preserved and cherished not so in sand and filing dust for these will not be hot but with vehement heat wherefore they are used in educing Oils by distillation Now the waters distilled ought to be insolated for some dayes space in Vessels covered with a paper full of little holes Quomodo aquaedist llatae insolendae that the more pure and excrementitious portion may be resolved and that the impression of the fire which is wont to comitate waters distilled may be extracted CHAP. XXXII Of Distillation by descent DIstillation is made both by moyst and dry calour as well by ascent a descent By ascent when by the force of the heat of fire water or other body interposed the thinner part of the matter in the Cucurbita is elevated to the Capitel where condensed Varii distillationis per descensum modi by its weight it declines to the beak and runs into a vessel set under the beak And as the distillations by ascent are multifarious so also them by descent for one distillation is properly said to be by descent to wit when the humour educed without exaltation distils downwards another is by inclination another by transudation another by filtration That cannot properly be called Distillation nor referred to this place which is made without heat as by Expression or Colation Distillation by descent is sometimes made without heat Distillationem fiert interdum sine calore as when a bag filled with Myrrhe or Tartar is suspended in vapourish air or in a Wine cellar for these as many more long kept in a moyst place become tabid and as it were exude a pure juice which they emit into a vessel set under them Quomodo aqua educatur per descensum But it is made more frequently by fire by whose power not onely waters but also oils are educed by descent Thus the water of Roses and other Flowers may be well distiled A pot of copper brass or clay is taken and filled with Roses or other Flowers close covered with a head and a vessel full of coals is set under the body containing the Flowers out of which when they are calefied very good water will exude into the glass subjected But the fire is to be so ordered that the Flowers may not be burned and therefore many prudently put paper betwixt the vessel containing the fire and the Flowers for hereby they may better endure the heat But this manner of distilling as it is easy so is it common Some distill waters in dung or other putrid matter Distillatio in fimo but the Apothecary may easily want these modes who should be neat and prepare the most select remedies Distillatio in calore solis That distillation which is made in the heat of the Sun after this manner is more commendable A pot filled with Roses or other Flowers is firmly joyned to another pot set under it then it is exposed to the Sun for if its beams beat upon the upper pot very good water will distill into the lower But the distillation of Oils by descent is more difficult Oleorum distillatio per destensum and can scarce be effected without great preparation labour and time yet is it very familiar to the Alcumists who educe Oils by descent after many manners for they so prepare the vessels and instruments for distillation that they give no passage by ascent but the humour as it were melted and educed exudes downwards by drops Those Waters or Oils may be thus distilled which the ascending vapours would destroy or the potent spirits dissipate before they were brought to a consistency There are several modes of this distillation Distillatio per transudationem one is in a furnace by transudation whereby the humour provoked doth transude and falls by drops into the subjected vessel fire being placed above it Another is made by transudation but it is in the earth when a ditch is diffoded in the earth into which is put a pot to whose orifice is fitted and joyned the bottome of another pot full of little holes and the orifice of the upper pot is covered close in which pot is contained the matter to be distilled then the earth being adhibited both pots are interred even to the belly of the upper pot so that the conjunction is covered then the fire is put to by degrees according to the nature and condition of the matter to be distilled for a more solid matter requires greater heat less solid a lesser There is another distillation Distillatio per inclinationem which is a mean betwixt the distillation by ascent and that by descent which is by inclination in which there is a little elevation and afterwards a reflexion downwards It is also called a distillation by retortion because it is made in a bending Boccia in whose curvature the spirits united are compelled to descend into the receptacle placed below and well joyned to the crooked beak Now this retorted Boccia should lye in a furnace built accordingly the belly whereof must be buried in a pot wherein are ashes or sand and the beak must hang out through some hole or chink The retorted Boccia is wont to be used in distilling such things as ascend with difficulty Quandâ— re ortae in distilitationibus usurpandae as in the educing Oils out of Metals and Spirits out of Minerals to which most vehement heat is required and therefore heed must be taken lest the Retorts be burst therefore before they be set upon the fire they ought to be incrusted with clay marl or such convenient matter if nitrous matters be contained in them and they must immediately with ashes or sand be adhibited to the most violent fire But because we purpose not to relate Chymical Distillations nor their Matrals nor describe their Cucurbites Handles Vessels crooked round or long their Dishes Pots and Furnaces we will no further prosecute their precepts in distillation for they may be sooner and easier learned with practice and exercise than by description Alcumists prescribe not onely many Distillations but also other preparations as Sublimation Cohobation Exhalation Evaporation Exaltation and many more wherewith their Books are stuffed Sublimatio Cohobatio Caput mortuum Sublimation is when the Extract attains to the sublime part of the Vessel and subsists there Cobobation is when that which is educed is put again to the dead Head now the dead Head as it is taken by them is as it were dregs without juice or excrements voyd of any quality yet sometimes this is the matter of the Chymical Salt Exhalation is a dissipation of dry spirits in the air by heat Exhalatio Evaporatio Exaltatio Evaporation is a resolution of moyst spirits Exaltation doth not design the same thing that Sublimation doth for it is an artificial preparation whereby the matter is after some manner changed and brought to
that to one ounce of Oil be mixed one dram of Powder Olei proportio in unguentorum confectione and two drams of Wax or as Galen saith cap. 2. lib. 4. comp med gener that four times as much Oil as Wax be put in the confection of Unguents and eight times as much Oil as Powder that is to every ounce of Oil must be put a dram of Powder the matter whereof is educed out of dry Herbs Metals and Earth which is mixed with a cold Cerate and stirred with a Spatula till all lumps be levigated When Unguents receive dry juices we must pulverate and dissolve them when liquid and fluent we must mix them with the rest of the matter and by coction absume them Such as may should be pulverated very small as Roots Wood Rosines and sometimes Gums when dryer Such as may not should be beaten with a hot pestel till they be mollified or else dissolved in Vinegar or some fit liquor Such as are more humid as Turpontine should be instilled humid Herbs also and Animals or parts thereof that are scarce pulverable should be perfectly cocted in wine or such liquor till they be tabefied and their humidity almost absumed then must materials be mixed in the strained liquor according to the aforesaid proportion that the Unguent may be of a legitimate consistency wherein Oil and Wax do not onely afford form and a great part of the matter to the Unguent but conjoyn the efficacies of the other mixtures and preserve them longer Now Unguents are made one while by the fire Vnguentum crudum as all such as admit Wax another while onely by long subaction as such that receive no Wax as the crude Unguent or the Unguent of Lithargy which is made of Oil Vinegar and Lithargy coacted by the continual percussion of a pestel There are also differences of Unguents taken from their colour Vnguentarum varietates as green white yellow and orange colour from their effects as resumptive analeptical cleansing from their first qualities whence some are said to be hot as the Unguentum Apostolorum Aegyptiacum Martiatum Enula campane others cold as Unguentum Natritum others dry as Diapompholios desicca Rubruni others moystning as the Unguent of Roses But white Wax is more expetible to the confection of cold and yellow to the confection of hot Unguents But Apothecaries indistinctly take one while white another while yellow as the matter of either will afford more commodity Unguents are reposed in tin boxes Quibus vasis unguenta reponenda and sometimes in earthen pots well glazed and they will keep a whole year sometimes two or three CHAP. III. Of Medicaments of Wax or Ceratum CErata are often designed by Unguents Ceronea by Plaisters by Unguents because softer by Plaisters because harder Both so called because they admit of Wax as many Plaisters which are therefore indistinctly called Ceroneous Plaisters of them that apply Catagmatical Plaisters to all diseases bought in Unguentarians Shops so that Ceroneous Salves are so usual amongst the Vulgar that they call all Salves Ceroneous A certain man in Lutetia calls a certain Plaister Ceroneous which he applyed to all pains and diseases But Ceratum of which we now speak Ceratum quid is a Medicament of a middle consistency betwixt an Unguent and a Plaister not so solid as a Plaister nor so soft as an Unguent But every one augments or diminisheth the weight of Oil and makes this Ceratum either more liquid or more solid than an Unguent as he thinks fit And indeed if it were prepared after one and the same manner it would not be preserved so long safely Olei quantitas in Cerato non semper cadem for though any liquid thing may be easily concrete with cold and frosty weather and a solid Unguent soon melted in hot weather yet we mix more Oil and less Wax in Winter and more Wax and less Oil in Summer in Ceratum But when the constitution of the air is temperate and doth not much exceed the first qualities the fourth part of a pound of Wax or not much more or less should be put to one pound of Oil that the Ceratum may not melt or be thickned by the change of weather Yet it is seldome kept long in Apothecaries Shops because it may at any time and soon be made of Oil and Wax whence it is called Ceratum or more properly Cereole for such as besides Oil and Wax admit other ingredients is not so properly called Ceratum Santalinum and stomachical Ceratum and others which may presently be made as the matter requires of Plaisters melted with Oil when the part affected cannot endure the hardness of a Salve or Plaister Thus is a certain Ceratum called Acopa applyed to the weary nerves and muscles of those that are weak Thus may a Ceratum spread on leather cut according to the proportion of the place affected be applyed to the region of the spleen ventricle liver womb and to broken bones That which is applyed to the spleen must be long Ceratorum efformatio quoad rationem partis affectae and formed like a Neats tongue to the ventricle in form of a buckler and thus it must be proportioned and formed to other parts according to their form and figure In the confection of Cereole the Wax is cut small Cerclaei conficiendi modus and cast into the Oil and then melted on a slow fire after liquation it is taken off and forthwith mixed with a Spatula till it be compact then a little cold water poured on it is stirred again and washed by this percussion for the Ceratum thus compacted by the affusion of so much water as it can drink up and thus accurately madefied it is in Galens opinion cap. 6. lib. 1. de simpl med made more refrigerative and is good for all hot sores especially if it be removed as soon as it is heated Seeing fatness marrow and such like liquid things are added to the Ceratum improperly so called they must be mixed with it while cold as also the powders the proportion whereof to Oil is the same with that in Unguents They may be reposed in tin or clay vessels but it is better to have them new seeing they may soon be made at any time CHAP. IV. Of Plaisters THose topical Medicaments which are coacted into a more solid lump were called by the Arabians Cerota and by the antient Greeks Emplasta Gal. cap. 12. lib. 1. comp medic gen which the later sort for euphonies sake call Emplastra the letter r being added which being detracted their quality sounds not emplastrical but emplastical or emphractical as it were filling up or insartiating For an Emplaster super-induced upon a part seems to shut the pores and passages thereof by the viscidity of its substance and retain the halituous spirits and by constraining the heat of the part sometimes to move suppuration for its glewish substance doth not insinuate into
gently move the belly they are measured by drams if potently by scruples if they onely alter by whole or half ounces and when they make up a bath by pounds or handfulls In making Syrups of a great quantity they may be exhibited from â„¥ j. to â„¥ ij or â„¥ iij. in decoctions for one dosis from Ê’ ij to â„¥ ss or â„¥ j. or more or less according to the power of the roots If the decoction be made for many doses their quantity must be proportionately augmented When two three or more roots of the same or very like quality are prescribed a lesser quantity of each should be taken that all conjoyn'd may make up the quantity of one according to Rondolet Which should also be observed in all other Simples that are similar in quality if so be they equally conduce to the propugnating of one affection and roborating one part And briefly such as are indued with some acrimony or eximious faculty must be mixed in smal quantities such as weak and gentle in great The same rule should be observed in recent and dry herbs which are measured by one or more handfulls according to their faculty and the nature of the Medicament to be compounded for to some dosis we measure them by whole or half handfulls to a fomenting Medicine by two handfulls to a bath by more Or sometimes bundles of little flowers Flâ—res whether recent or dry as the flowers of Rosemary Violets Bugloss we measure sometimes by pugils sometimes by weight Great ones if recent as Lillies Roses by handfulls if arid by drams or ounces in scales All seeds Seâ—ina whether hot cold temperate sharp acerb bitter or ingratefull are librated by weight but they ingrede the composition in different quantities according to the different virtue or the Physicians scope Such as are most calid most frigid and narcotical if externally to be adhibited may be given from Ê’ ij to â„¥ j. if intrinsecally to be assumed from ℈ j. to Ê’ j. or a little more or less as the faculty is more or less potent Fruits Fructusnumerâ— pondere mâ—nsurantur as well as roots are different in magnitude and quality whereof various quantities are described which are known after several manners The least as Ribes and Barberries are prescribed by weight the greater as Sebesten and Plums by number some by both as Almonds Jujubs and dry Grapes Many which because of their greatness are not integrally requisite are cut into slices purged from their cores shells or stones and then measured by drams or ounces And that I may consummate all Liquids are prescribed by mâ—asure Solids by weight Fruits by number Leaves by maniples Flowers by pugils every ones dosis answering its quality I hold it superfluous further to prosecute the dosis measure or weight which should be taken of Woods Barks Pulse Animals or things thereunto pertaining since these may be discerned and judged of by their â—â—â—sistency and quality as also by what hath been already said CHAP. XI Of the reposition of Medicaments THat we might dilucidly explicate the accurate composition of Medicaments we have largely discussed the mannâ—r of their confection their basis form end and quantity of every Ingredient as also the reason of their equality or inequality Now it rests that the Medicaments thus composed be reposed in such places as may conduce to the preservation of their virâ—â—es integral Now a Medicament whether simple or compound for both must be kept must not be reposed in any but in a fit and convenient place that it be not altered and corrupted but kept in its perfect vigour till opportunity causes its delivery to such as it fits A Simple must first be selected and purged from filth and its excrementitious and useless parts and then dryed that it may be kept for humid things will not keep without moulding and putrefaction Herbs must be dryed in a shade Herbarum repositio or a place where the Sun scorches net yet not marcid but dry and voyd of fumes and dust and then bound in little bundles must be reposed in canvass or paper bags lest they take detriment by the aforesaid cumbrances Flowers must also be thus dryed reposed and so conserved Now Conservation and Reposition are related Dry and gross herbs take no harm from the rigour of cold but liquid and humid are casily condensed which appropinquating to heat are thereby brought to their pristine state Yet distilled waters by immoderate congelation lose much of their bonity and are often effused by the abruption of the glasses wherein they are reposed through the vehemency of cold unless the Confectioners care prevent it In January and February 1608. while I was distilling waters Saevitia Hyâ—mis anno 1608. the rigour of the winter was so vehement for six whole weeks together that it broke all my earthen glass tin and copper vessels though â—â—ry strong wherein I had put the waters And when bread was drawn hot from the oven it presently acquired a stony obdurateness â—oither were the wine-cellars free from frost And when the vehemency of the cold asswaged all the houses in Lutetia were white both within and without with horrid ice In which time many were vexed with the disease of the Lungs whereof very many dyed Fruits are repoled sometimes in Store-houses Frullum as Apples sometimes in Barrels as Plums often in glass or wooden Boxes closed with papers lest fumes or dust should alter them as Jujubs and also lest Flyes erode and spoyl them Seeds after siccation are reposed in glass or wood vessels Seminum and kept in a dry place Roots after purgation and are faction are reserved in wooden Boâ—â—â— or Chests Radicum wrapt sometimes in bombast if pretious as Chincaâ— Rhabarb lest the noxious quality of the air or edacity of heat spoyl their qualities and corrupt them Liquid juices are reposed in bottles Saceorum or other vessels with straitâ—rifices whereupon Oil must be diffused lest they be altered by the air Juices are also reposed in wooden Boxes or glass or earthen Vessels as also Water-drops Gums whole or parts of Animals and Minerals Liquors Liquâ—rum Oleorum Oils Liquidambar and Balsam are reposed in glass Bottles stopped with cork or wax and some bladder that they may not be dissipated by the air Turpentine may not onely be well reserved in an iron or glass Vessel but in a figuline also Some are best preserved in the highest part of the house some in the middle and some no where save in wine-cellars or such madid place as Cassia Compound Medicaments according to their different consisteacies and virtues require for their Cepositories different Vessels as Hydromel a Barrel Syrups Potters vessels and for carriage saâ—â— Boxes of white Iron or Tin as the Syrup of Mompelian Maiden-hair which reposed in such a vessel may be commodiously conveyeâ— to exotick regions solid Electuaries wooden Boxes liquid oâ—â— tin or earthen Vessels well leaded Powders
gratefull but unguents Pills Fotus and whatever is extrinsecally applicable that requires decoctions to their preparations may be decocted in any convenient humour whether bitter acerb salty or oyly if the condition of the disease or part affected postulate it But now we treat of that more speciall decoction Quarum decoctionum frequâ—ns usus which after percolation is assumed by the mouth either alone or mixed with other Medicaments dissolved of which sort is the common decoction of any Medicament and the pectorall decoction which no Medick can well be without Now every decoction is either small or much or indifferent according to the substance and strength of the Medicament which is to be cocted Quae parum aut multum decoqucnda for some must be decocted gently as having a rare sustance and weak and dissipable faculties others will sustain a 〈◊〉 valid decoction as consisting of a firm crass and dense substance and endued with faculties not so dissoluble others require a mode rate decoction whose substance and faculties are of a mean consistency thus Fruits would not be so little nor Flowers so much cocted as Roots When a Decoction is prescribed absolutely without the special designation of any liquor Aquae quantitas in decoctis parandis it ought to be made either in pure and simple water as fountain or river water or else in rain water the quantity whereof must respond to the quantity of the Simples to be cocted as near as may be without exuberance or defect for when Simples through coction depose their qualities into the water if it be copious and they few the decoction after percolation will retain be weak faculties As on the contrary if many Simples be cocted iâ— little water the decoction will be exhaled and dissipated and the Simples burned rather than brought to elixation which is acquired by moderate heat in an humour proportionate to the quantity and â—â—ture of the thing cocted Those that sustain the longest coction require more abundance of water the shorter the less many Simples require much so that those that are hard and require long coction should be demerged in water and covered two or three fingers therein Thus a certain measure of water cannot be defined but is often left to the Apothecaries judgement When a Decoction is to be made onely for one dosis Aquae quantitas pro dosi pa randa it 's enough to elixate a few Simples in half a pound of water on a slow fire till it be boyled to half if for two dosis then in a whole pound of water if for four in two pounds And thus may the quantity of water be augmented as the Simples are augmented There are furthermore three Decoctions very usual in making Medicines The first is called the common Decoction which is commonly used to the dissolution of Purgatives sometimes to the coction of Senny leaves and sometimes to the infusion of Simples The second is commonly called the pectoral Decoction because it is used to all such as bring adjument to the pectoral parts The third is the glysteral Decoction of which in its place All men do not describe their Confections alike but every 〈◊〉 adds or detracts something according to his judgement This is the most vulgar and usual description of the common Decoction â„ž of clean Barley p. j. of sweet Plums nu vj. of Raisons stoned Liquorice scraped an â— ss of Anise and Fennel seeds an Ê’ ij is winter Decoctio communis medicinae but in summer of the four greater cold seeds an Ê’ ij of the three cordial flowers an p. j. let the Decoction be made in two pound of water till half be consumed This Decoction percolated will be enough for four ordinary doses or three extraordinary The pectoral Decoction whereof is frequent use in pectoral affections is variously also prescribed but that which Rondeletius gave is thus amended by Bauderonius â„ž of whole Barley p. j. of Figs and Jujubs an nu vj. of Dactyls Decoctio pectoralis nu vj. of Raisons stoned and Liquorice an Ê’ ss of Hyssop pretty dry m. ss boyl them in lb. ij of rain or fountain water to the half Some substitute Sebestens for Jujubs others augment the quantity of Hyssop others adde Capillaries and Cordial Flowers but since their virtue is pectoral enough which are contained in the form prescribed there is no necessity of loading it with more especially considering that by how much more Simples go to the making of them up by so much is their making and assumption more difficult and so on the contrary CHAP. II. Of a Dosis THat certain and convenient quantity of any Medicament which is prescribed or rather given to a sick man at once or necessity compelling at twice is a Dosis for Dosis is Dation whereof there are as many varieties as there are differences in the nature or properties of Medicaments or Bodyes to which the Medicaments are offered Dosis medicamentorum varia For there is one Dosis of Liquids another of Solids and another of those that have a middle consistency Catharticks also are given in various Doses which having once entred into the body if they be too valid or exhibited in too great measure do not onely exagitate the superfluous humours but also the good and laudable and by griping the bowels hurt the faculties there inhering One Dosis also is given to children another to young men another to men of strength another to old men according to their several natures customes and strength The Dosis of Liquids is measured and given in ounces of Solids sometimes in grains often in drams and sometimes in ounces Altering Medicaments are seldome given by one ounce alone Alterantium medicamentorum dosis unless it be to children or else that they be endued with eximious and valid qualities as Aqua vitae Cinamon and those we call Imperial Their more usual Dosis consists of three or four ounces if they be exhibited in greater measure they cause loathings they subvert the ventricle and are insuccessfully excluded by vomit Roboratives especially liquid ones Roborantium dosis are given from one ounce to three or four solid ones are sometimes given by grains as the Powder of Monoceros sometimes by scruples and drams as Cordial Confections and many Antidotes Purgatives are measured and given after the same manner Purgantium some by three six or eight grains as Diacrydion and Stibium also which though it be immite and effrenous yet tamed and castigated by Art and exhibited by a prudent Physician often produces successfull effects And I see no reason why it may not be used in stead of better to the cure of a contumacious disease For if it be lawfull for mans subsidy to seek remedies from Vipers flesh Neotericorum in inveniendis remediis sedulitas and their very skin and excrements how can it be illegitimate to expect solace from those Medicaments which Neotericks sedulity have invented their
but its faculties are bettered by lotion or ustion Dioscorides teaches the manner qualities and effects of its ablution and ustion Ceruse is made of plates of Lead of which hereafter CHAP. 5. Of Brass BRass is dedicated to Venus from her Island Cyprus where it is copiously effoded and it is either of a golden colour and thence called Aurichalcum or redder and then it is called Brass absolutely This was of more use amongst the Ancients then either Gold Silver or Iron for the first money was of Brass And hence we have these occurrents Aerarium Publicum aes alienum questor erarius Their bellatory arms also were not of steel but brass as also their Statues and Temple-doors In Pharmacopolies we often meet with these terms Aes ustum fles aeris squama aeris aerugo but what every of these denotes all our Pharmaceutical lections will scarcely teach us Aes ustum or burnt Brass saith Dioscorides is made of the nails of broken ships imposed upon a crude earthen vessel a little Sulphur and as much Salt strewed under them all of them being besprinkled herewith and the vessels spirament daubed with a singular cement it is set on a furnace till they be cocted This aes ustum astringes exsiccates represses extenuates attracts purges Ulcers and brings them to a scar and emends the vices of the eyes Flos aeris or the flower of Brass is made when the Brass melted in the furnace delabes into certain receptacles through the necks of such fistuls as appertain thereunto and when cold water is infunded upon the burning Brass before it concrete into a hard mass for then this flos aeris in this sudden concretion and densation will erupt in a vapour which concreting also will fall down in small red grains like Millet which we take for flos aeris Squama aeris or the scales of Brass are made when Brass is smitten with hammers and those are the best which are excussed out of the same Brass that nails are made of those the worst which are made of vile and promiscuous or white Brass This squama eris astringes extenuates represses erodes stays arrels and brings Ulcers to scars CHAP. 6. Of Verdegrease VErdegrease is not onely of use to Painters but to Physicians also who mix it with many Medicaments for the cure of Ulcers as that Medicament which Galen calls Lite and more he describes This Verdegrease is not the flower of Brass as some think but a certain green rasure which exudes out of its plates wet with vinegar Dioscorides make two sorts hereof one the vulgar or simple Verdegrease the other worm-rust and that twofold the one fossile and the other factitious both whereof are rare for the one is either not sought or not found and the other not now made But the vulgar is copious and every-where venale which may be made many wayes but most usually thus Some sharp Vinegar must be infused into a Hogshead or other ample vessel whereon a brazen vessel must be inversly superimposed if it may be a concamerated one or if it be plain it must be so obstructed that there may not be any spiracle left after ten dayes let the cover be removed and the Verdegrease thereon eraded This way is also most usual one or more plates of brass are so suspended in a Hoshead containing Vinegar that they may not touch the Vinegar and the due dayes being expired the Verdegrease is deraded Moreover the same plates macerated in Vinegar will afford Verdegrease It is sharp Vires digestive and attractive it discusses not onely tender but hard flesh and it is not onely mordacious to the gust but to the very Ulcers If you adde a little of it to a large Searcloth the mixture will exterge without mordacity Many erre in ascribing a Sarcotical or Epulotical faculty to many Medicaments when they of themselves are not but become such by composition Galen CHAP. 7. Of Iron NOthing is more common nothing more useful and nothing more nocent then Iron for neither houses stables nor ships nor yet such things as respect mans vesture and aliment can be had or made without Iron seeing no labour is suscepted no work absolved without the adjument hereof for all Artificers need some Iron Instrument to their work All which I will not in special prosecute seeing it is notorious to every Rustick For not onely Plough-shares Saws Hatches Sickles Tongs and Needles but also Swords Spears Darts Arrows and Canon-bullets which beat down whole Cities and Fortresses killing men and perpetrating a thousand slaughters are made of Iron which Pliny not induring cries out we do not only use Iron at hand but send it to do our mischief at distance one while ejecting it out of Slings another-while of Cross-bowes and sometimes making it fly with feathers as though death were not swift enough but we must accelerate his feet with wings and arm him with Iron What if Pliny had seen our Canons and bellical torments wherewith we do not onely overthrow Cities and Walls but Rocks and Mounts But Iron is not the cause of these mischiefs but the wicked guiles of mans ingeny which puts that to ill use which in it self is good for it makes also wayes and passages whereby putrid blood is educed out of the veins corruption ejected out of the breast fragments of bones and other things that would molest the brain drawn out of the seull corrupt teeth evelled from the gums the oâ—daverous flesh of Ulcers removed a putrid member abscinded left it should draw the rest into its consort What needs more We cannot live without Iron for else we might effode Dens with our Nails in stead of Houses and car our Meat like Beasts There are two sorts of Iron one retains its name the other being more defaecated is called Steel There are two differences of the former the one may be melted and drawn of which they make many rustical instruments the other may be melted but not drawn being very fragil whereof they make molten Pots and other culinary instruments After which use Scaliger thinks it is not useless but may be molten again as also that same which he elswhere says onely mollifies for we see that both sorts may be melted by ardent heat yea some at Lutetia seek and buy the fragments of Iron Pots which they carry to the furnaces and melt over again Some say that Steel is nothing but Iron accurately defaecated and many boast That they can work Iron into Steel It hath its Latine name from Chalybo a Town in Assyria yet that of Damascus is most laudable for a Sword of that Steel will cut Iron There is a Powder made of Steel-dust which Alchymists call â—lars his Saffron but Iron-dust duly prepared is every whit as good We have treated of both in our Shop And as Brass hath its aerugo or Verdegrease so hath Iron its ferrugo or rust whereby it is eroded and absumed in lieu of its fault as it were of
Females he goes also more stoutly The Female Vipers are of a yellowish colour with an elated neck reddish eyes and lucent of an inverecund and fierce aspect their heads are broad their tails short macilent squamous and all a like gracile not gradually so their passages neerer their tails their bellies more prominent and their pace flower The Latines call it Vipera because Vi parit that is it is forced to bring forth or else because Vivum parit that is it brings forth living young contrary to the mode of other Serpents which first lay eggs and the Viper indeed procreates eggs like them of fishes but every egge hath a young living Viper involved onely in a membrane Yet it sometimes happens that the last seeking egress before the first and impatient of longer delay erodes his Parents belly and sides and so it is produced a Matricide but that as seldom happens as when the Male thrusts his head into the Females mouth in copulation the Female satiated with the sweetness of the pleasure obtruncabes the Male which I think is never When other Serpents in winter run into caverns Vipers onely absoond themselves under stones and depose their old age like other Reptiles Vipers are preferred before all other Serpents in the confection of this Theriack because when compounded of others its vertue is more tabifical Gal Cap. 10. Lib. de Theriaca The Heads and tails which contain the most virulent poyson must be abscinded for the Viper hath the most pernicious head of all venenate beasts Dioscorides holds it ridiculous that any set certain measure of the Head and tail should be prescinded The internals Spina Dorsi and the belly must likewise be abjected There are both in Italy and France very idoneous Vipers for this solemn confection as in the Pictavian fields whence many are brought to Paris of whose flesh we make Pastils and use their fat in Vigo his emplaster whose extraction and preparation is easie The fat must first be taken with its skins and washed in clear cold water till it be sincere then may the membranes be separated then must the fat be melted in a double vessel and continually agitated with a wooden stick when it is melted it must be percolated into cold water which may be abjected and the fat kept and reposed in a convenient vessel some wash it again that it may depose all its poyson I can scarce assent to their opinion who believe that such live long as eat Vipers flesh for it procreates very ill succe and digests and siccates vehemently so that they who eat it are grievously cruciated with thirst and thence cognominated Dipsades Galen saith that some are of opinion that such as are bitten by Vipers cannot be cured by drinking but will burst ere they can quench their thirst Galen proves by many Histories that Vipers conduce to the Leprous There was saith he a Leper in Asia who was foetid to look on and graveolent who at first was conversant and did eat with his companions till some of his company began to be inquinated and he of such a horrid and detestable a form as none could indure to look on him then they bound him in a Cottage neer the river and gave him daily aliment The next Summer about the rising of the Dog-star when a servant brought fragrant wine to the reapers and set the pot by the river-side when they came to drink the Boy poured out the wine into a cup and with the wine a dead Viper the reapers being therewithal afrighted quenched their thirst with water and sent the wine to the Leper pitying his condition and judging it better for him to die therewith then to live in that misery but he drinking thereof was unexpectedly cured his skin falling off like a shell from a locust And another event not much unlike this happened in Mysia not far from our City There was a rich man but Leprous who was in love with his maid that was beautiful but she hating so descormed a man clandestinely kept other lovers company the diseased in hopes of recovery betook himself to some Fountains of hot water wherewith the vicine parts abounded which were squalid and full of Vipers one whereof crept into his wine pot the wench perceiving that a Viper was there suffocated was glad she had such an opportunity put into her hands she then gives a cup of it to her Master who drinking of it was perfectly cured as the precedent Galen recenseates more stories whereby he proves that Vipers cure the Leprosie We have shewed in our Antidotary how it must be prepared before it ingrede the confection of the Theriack CHAP. 31. Of Scinks THe flesh of the Reins of this Beast is a special Antidote against poyson very efficacious to excite lust in men for it causes stiffness of the Yard whence it justly ingredes the confection of Diasatyrium It is a small four-footed Animal tected with small frequent and subluteous scales with a long head little thicker then its neck a high belly a round tayl like a Lizard but shorter and crooked towards the end with a grey line from its head to the end of its tayl Dioscorides saith It is the product either of Aegypt or India or of the Red-sea though it is seen in Lydia of Mauritania Some do erroneously take it for the Salamander Pliny calls it the Land-Crocodile for it very much resembles the Crocodile of Nilus But there is no proportion in their dimensions for this is alwayes small scarce exceeding a cubit in length whereas the Crocodile of Nilus attains two and twenty cubits and yet no term of his concretion though his original is from an Egge no bigger then a Gooses Egge He lives both upon the land and water his eyes are like Swines eyes his sight in the water is dull but out very quick This Animal alone except the Parrer moves his upper jaw he hath a small rongue adhering to his under-jaw his legs come out of his side his feet are small in reference to his body his claws strong his skin squamous crustaceous and impenetrable save under his belly which is soft This Animal lives sixty years layes sixty Egges in sixty dayes sits upon its Egges sixty dayes before young ones be excluded it hath sixty joynts in its backbone and as many teeth in its head as it will lye dayes in winter in some Cavern without meat The more curious Scrutator may have a fuller description of the Crocodile in Aristotle Pliny and later Writers who have lustrated Aegypt and the Oriental Coasts CHAP. 32. Of Scorpions THey make an Oyl of dead Scorpions infused in Oyl which they cognominate from the same for many uses in Medicine for by way of liniment it breaks and expels the stones in the Reâ—â—s and Bladder and moves Urine it cures the bitings of Vipers Serpents and other venenate Beasts if it be adhibited to the arm-holes and groins in time of Pestilence it will either preserve the user from
be made either with Honey or Sugar but that is better and more suave which admits of Sugar whereof Fernelius addes twice the quantity to the succe but the more usual way of confecting the compound admits of onely two pounds of Sugar as Mesue hints who in his own idiome calls Dulcoacid and Semi-mature fruits Muzae that is pleasant for then their sapour arrides the stomack He that hath the compound needs not the simple But if the Mint be dry its quantity is greater for it is enough that one pound ten ounces be cocted in the succes and as much Sugar added to this Colature for it will be very insuave if made as Mesue describes it It roborates the ventricle hinders heart-aches vomiting Vires sighing and belly-flux but the more compounded is better SECT II. Of Syrupes which may be made at any time IN the first Section we described in order such Syrupes as should be confected in the Spring Summer and Autumn for the end of the precedent season being one with the beginning of the consequent those Syrupes which are made in the end of the Spring may as well be made in the beginning of Summer so that I would not disterminate the former Thirty Syrupes into exact Sections yet we have given their description in such order as the collection of the Simples required placing those first which are made of the first flowers of the Spring those last which are made of fruits in Autumn and those in the middle which are made of flowers roots succes and decoctions in Summer But in this Section we shall onely exhibit such as are or may be made in Winter or other seasons CHAP. 1. Syr. Rosar siccan or Syrupe of dry Roses D. Fernel ℞ of dryed * * * Red Roses Roses lb j. Infuse them 24 hours in hot boyling water lb iiij in the expression mix of the finest sugar lb ij boyl it up to the corsistency of a syrupe The COMMENTARY Every one confects this syrupe after his own arbitration one while augmenting another while lessening the quantity of Roses sometimes iterating their maceration twice and sometimes oftner But no description can be more exact then this of Fernelius wherein is observed a due proportion of Roses to the water and of both to sugar and this syrupe confected with one maceration is all out as efficacious as any but red Roses must be selected not white or pale ones It stayes the belly-flux Vires roborates the internal parts gently deterges and agglutinates Ulcers asswages vomiting and cohibits Rheumatism CHAP. 2. Syrupus Reg. sive Alexand. c. or The Princely or Alexandrian Syrupe of old called The Julep of Roses ℞ of Damask Rose-water lb iij. Loaf-sugar lb ij boyl it gently to a Syrupe The COMMENTARY He that considers this syrupe's perspicuity would with Mesue call it a Julep its consistence a Syrupe and its suavity a syrupe for Alexander or some Prince for both Kings and delicate persons delight to use it It is easie to make and may be made at any time and no Pharmacopoly can well be without it though our Ancestors knew not of it being not of skill to elicite Rhodostagme or Rose-water Mesue describes another Julep of Roses made of their infusion after which manner two syrupes may be made one of pale Roses which is purgative and another of dry ones but neither of them are justly called Juleps This syrupe is cordial bechical roborative and alterative Vires helping the breast liver ventricle thirst and all ardour CHAP. 3. Syrupus de Absinthio or Syrupe of Wormwood D. Mes ℞ of dryed Roman Wormwood lb ss Roses ℥ ij Spikenardʒ iij. old white-wine Juyce of Quinces of each lb ij ss macerate them a whole day upon hot embers afterwards boyl them till half be consumed and to the Colature adde clarified honey lb ij to make it into a Syrupe The COMMENTARY Dry Pontian or Roman Wormwood must be taken and minutely incided that it may be infunded with Roses and Spikenard in generous Wine as Muskadine or the like in an Earthen vessel leaded 24 hours upon the hot ashes that done they must be fervefied once or twice afterwards honey or rather sugar must be added some make two sorts one of honey and vulgar wormwood the other of sugar and lesser wormwood Some make this syrupe of one half pound of green wormwood in three pounds of water cocted to the third adding to the colature clear generous and ancient white-wine and the best white honey of each one pound and coct them to the consistence of a syrupe Which-ever of these wayes it is made it is very ingrateful and thence many rightly diminish the quantity of the wormwood and augment the sugar for those things that would roborate the ventricle if ingrateful subvert it This syrupe roborates the stomack Vires helps concoction excites appetite discusses flatuosity opens the veins and moves urine CHAP. 4. Syrupus de Stoechade or Syrupe of Stoecados D. Fernel ℞ of the flowers of Stoecados ℥ iiij Thyme Calamint Origanum of each ℥ j. ss Sage Betony the flowers of Rosemary of each ℥ j. ss the seeds of Rue Piony and Fennel of eachʒ iij. boyl them in lb x. of water till half be consumed and to the Colature adde sugar and heney of each lb ij make it into a syrupe aromatize it with Cinemon Ginger sweet-Cane of each 〈◊〉 tyed up in a linen rag The COMMENTARY Mesue gives two descriptions of this syrupe in both which he puts Pepper and Bartram which being hotter are rejected by Fernelius and he addes certain cephalical Medicaments to wit Sage Betony Poeony and Rosemary that it may acquire the effect the Author intends This syrupe is cognominated from its Basis to wit Staecados whereunto the rest are adjoyned to acquire more cephalical and noble faculties Sylvius permits it to be made with sugar and not honey for the more delicate It conduces to many affections of the brain Vires as Mesue attests to which it would nothing confer if it were made after his description for Stoechas which he puts for its Basis is more hepatical or splenical then cephalical therefore Fernelius addes many cephalicals which make his syrupe conduce to the Epilepsie Cramp Trembling and all cold affections of the brain CHAP. 5. Syrupus de Glycyrrhiza or Syrupe of Liquorice D. Mes ℞ of Liquorice scraped and bruised ℥ ij white Maiden-hair ℥ j. dryed Hyssop ℥ ss macerate them a whole day in lb iiij of rain-rain-water then boyl them till half be consumed to the Colature adde of the best honey penidees and sugar of each lb ss Rose-water ℥ vj. and so boyl them into a syrupe The COMMENTARY Many do right in not cocting dry Liquorice long lest it grow bitter but put it in in the end of the coction they clarifie the Colature with Penidia Sugar and Honey then coct it to a syrupe adding thereunto some Rose-water before it be perfectly cocted which
Honey despumed lb iij. Vinegar of Squills lb ij boyl them in an earthen pipkin to the consistency of a liquid Syrupe The COMMENTARY The Medick Marcellus makes it after another manner by superadding water For he takes of Squils lb j. Fountain-water lb iiij loyl them to a pinte and half and so let it stand a whole day close covered afterwards press it out and to the expression adde as much Vinegar with lb iij. of the best Honey let it be again gently boyled to a fit consistency Mervardus also and Bern. Dissennius think it cannot be made without water to which opinion some assent who mix twice as much water with this as with the Simple Oxymel But Sylvius saith this is needless seeing the Honey is first cocted and despumed in water and the Vinegar legitimately prepared with Scilla and the Acetum is thus made one pound of the segments of Scilla trajected on a thread and dried in a shade is macerated in eight pounds of white-Wine the mixture is insolated in either a Glass-vessel or an earthen one well glazed with an angust orifice by the space of forty days in the hot Sun then it is strained and the segments being ejected and the Liquorice preserved which was of more use heretofore then now There are many and various wayes of making it but the description we have given is most usual and agrees with that which Paulus Aegineta gives of it There are also many wayes of making Oxymel Scilliticum but Democrates Julian and the rest make it more compound but these are neglected and no where made therefore omitted by us It incides crass humours Vires takes away obstructions caused by crass humours impacted on the lungs and cures the Epilepsie Vertigo Cephalalgia and Hemitrania CHAP. 3. Oxymel Compositum or Compounded Oxymel â„ž of the roots of Smallage Fennel Parsly Butchers-broom Asperagrass of each â„¥ ij the seeds of Smallage and Fenâ—el of each â„¥ j. boyl them all in lb xij of water in the clarified Colature mix of the best Honey lb iiij white-wine Vinegar lb j. coct it into a liquid Syrupe The COMMENTARY The compounded Oxymel is made like the simple Oxymel Stilliticum one simple and usual Vinegar is here substituted in stead of the other Praepositus makes a certain compounded aromatical Oxymel and another potently diuretical mixing with the one many Aromata's with the other Grass-Orris and Radish-roots but these may be added when use calls for it and no other composititious Oxymel kept in shops The quantity of Honey is not determined by Authors because it is sometimes to be made more acrimonious at other times sweeter But if we should define the quantity we would make it in a mean betwixt acritude and sweetness It incides Vires attenuates and absterges viscid and pituitous humours frees the liver spleen and bowels from obstructions expels the sand of the reins and bladder and moves urine CHAP. 4. Hydromel vinosum simplex or Simple vinous Hydromel â„ž of the best Honey lb x. pluvial or fluvial water lb lx boyl them together till an egge will swim at top then insolate it and preserve it The COMMENTARY If this Receipt like not any one he may take water and coct it to the absumption of its third part accurately absterging and abjecting the spume for thus the more dissipable part of the water being vanished the remnant will have a consistence like a liquid Syrupe its sapour will be sweet and the coction fit for conservation Many Medicaments mutuate their basis and appellations from Honey as Mulsam or Mede Hydromel both aqueous and vinous Oxymel and many other Medicinal Honeys of the succes of Plants as Rhodomel or Honey of Roses Honey of Violets Mercury Raisins Rosemary and Anacardium Mede consists onely of Water and Honey mixed in a different proportion and that is called dilute Mede that admits but of little Honey How to make Mede and very much water For we make Mede saith Oribasiâ—â— when we mix much water with Honey and coct them till they cease to emit spume for then the spume must be taken off But the quantity of Honey must be augmented for pituious humours both to alter the peccant humour and to conciliate a more grateful gust Oribasius was out when he thought that Mede should be made of Wine and Honey and Melicrass of Honey and Water for they are both one Though Mesue calls Melicrass Oxymel and gives two descriptions thereof the one consists of Wine and Honey the other besides these two admits of many Aromata's as Cloves Cinamome sweet-Cane Mace and the like which by some he assenting thereto is called a Condite But this kinde of Potion which consists of Wine and Honey is called Oinomel Oinomel it is sometimes confected of two parts of old Wine and one of Honey and sometimes of five parts of new Wine and one of Honey which when cold is reposed into Hogs-heads Oribasius C. 25. L. 5. Collectorum Simple and vulgar Hydromel is prepared just as Melicratum so that they differ onely in name not in substance yet Galen saith Melicratum or Mede should be made of rain-rain-water and Hydromel of fountain-water Apomeli is made also after the like manner for according to Galen it may be made of rain or any water so it be pure and Honey expressed from the comb which must be so long cocted together till spume cease to exurge which must be taken off as soon as it emerges for so it will depose its acrimony The Ancients called it syrupe of Honey-combs Philagrius gives a better description to a better Apomelie thus Let some Combs full of the best Honey be strongly pressed betwixt ones hands and let a portion of the honey expressed be injected into four times as much pure water and let the Honey-Combs be also immerged and washed in the water that they may depose all their Honey then let the water be strained then cocted over a luculent fire and well despumed let it then be taken off and frigefie and let what-ever swims upon be abjected then boyl it again and despume it which iterate thrice and when it is at last frigefied and purged from its excrements inject this Apomeli into an Earthen or Wooden Vessel Aqueous Hydromel is scarce ever preserved in shops but presently made when use calls for it but the vinous is often confected by the Medicks advice and kept in Citizens houses as some Nectar more precious then Malmsey for it potently cocts frigid humours moves expectoration roborates the stomack hinders crudities helps concoction moves appetite discusses flatuosity mitigates cholical dolours moves urine and very much profits cold constitutions The English were wont to make a more composititious vinous Hydromel which they called Metegla Metegla which received less of Honey but more Aromata and Leaven which is thus confected â„ž of the best and most refined Honey lb x. of the clearest spring-spring-water lb lx boyl them together till a third part be
wherewith they mix the Powder of Worms But I had rather make it thus ℞ of Steel well preparedʒ ij Cinamonʒ ss the species for the Electuary of the three Sanders and de Gemmis of each ℈ j. the Powder of Dictamus ℈ ss with Sugar dissolved in Balm-water ℥ iiij of which make Tablets ofʒ iij. weight or ℥ ss one whereof take in the morning fasting They used to put more Sugar to Cordial Tabels but then they are less efficacious THE SECOND PART Of Powders necessary to be had in Shops IN the former part of this Section we have tradited onely most select Cordial Powders omitting onely such whose qualities were affine and similar whose descriptions were ungrounded and use disapproved Now in this second part we shall treat of such as being more frigid and sweeter are not as the former Aromatical but Bechical and Thoracical for they are convenient for the Cough of the Lungs and all Thoracical affections CHAP. 17. Pulvis Diaireos simplex ℞ of Florentine Orris ℥ ss Sugar-candy Pul. Diatrag. frigid of eachʒ ij make of them all a Powder to be kept for use The COMMENTARY The Author of this Powder is most uncertain but its use most frequent it should be conveniently excepted in Sugar duly cocted in the white of an Egge clarified with Coltsfoot-water and concinnated into Tabels or Lozenges Each ounce of Powder must have a pound of Sugar yea they sometimes put two ounces of Sugar to one dragm of Powder and the Electuary thus made is more grateful but less efficacious as on the contrary when each dragm of Powder receives an ounce of Sugar The manner of its preparation is so easie that it needs no further description It stayes the distillation of the Jaws Vires attenuates cocts and expectorates crass humours There is another composition of Diaireos denoted by Solomons name which being harder to make more insuave and no whit more efficacious is seldome made CHAP. 18. Pulvis Diatragacanthi frigidi or The Powder of cold Diatragacanthum D. Myrep ℞ of Penidees ℥ iij. Gum Thraganth ℥ j. Gum Arabickʒ x. Starch ℥ ss the seeds of white Poppyʒ iij. of the four greater cool seeds Liquorice of eachʒ ij Camphyr ℈ ss make of these a Powder The COMMENTARY This Powder hath its name and basis from Tragacanthum which in its composition is most prepollent It receives many Bechical viscid refrigerative and lenitive simples whereunto Myrepsus its Author addes Nettle-seed as very accommodate for the attenuation and expurgation of crass humours which because it makes the compound both in colour and sapour ingrateful is by Neotericks omitted others supplying its faculty better It is kept either in form of a Powder as the rest or of a tabulated Electuary each ounce of Powder admitting of a pound of Sugar It helps all hot affections of the lungs and breast Vires conduces much to such as are macilent or consumed it cures the Pleurisie asperity of the tongue and jaws and cocts and expectorates spittle CHAP. 19. Pulvis Diapendit sine speciebus or The Powder of Penidees without species D.N. Myreps ℞ of Penidees ℥ ij Pine-nuts sweet Almonds decorticated white Poppy-seed of eachʒ iij. the Juyce of Liquorice Gum Thraganth Arabick the four greater cool seeds Starch of eachʒ j. ss Camphyr gr viij make of them all a Powder The COMMENTARY Diapenidion is made either without species as in this form or with them when Cinamon Cloves and Ginger are added thereto as Myrepsus its Author describes it and the said species Almonds Poppy-seed and Liquorice-juyce are put in equal weight It is kept either in form of a Powder or of a solid Electuary which by the Authors advice may be thus made Three ounces of Violers must be macerated and cocted in a pound of water till the water be of a violaceous colour one pound of Sugar must be cocted in the colature to the consistence of a solid Electuary wherewith whilst hot the Penidees and other levigated simples must be so mixed and subacted that the mass may acquire a solid form whereof tabels or Rhombodies may be concinnated and reposed for use All with one consent confect Penidees thus but few agree in the proportion of the simples for each one changes their weight this we have delivered is the most usual form This Powder conduces very much to those that are infested with a cough Vires pleurisie difficulty of breathing asperity of jaws hoarseness and many vices of the lungs If it be made with the species besides the enumerated effects it also incides attenuates and cocts viscid crass and cold humours preparing them for expectoration CHAP. 20. Confectio de Rebecha ℞ of the Powder of Diaireos cold Diatraganth of eachʒ ij Powder of Liquorice ℥ ss Sugar-candyʒ iij. and with Gum Thraganth dissolved in rose-Rose-water make a Paste of which Rolls The COMMENTARY Though this confection be of an unknown Author yet it is most usual grateful for sapour and commendable for effects The Powders whereof it consists are indeed kept severally till they be mixed with Tragacanthum solved in Rose-water or other convenient liquor or else coacted with Sugar cocted in some idoneous humour into a mass whereof Pastills or Bacills may be formed We anumerate it amongst Bechical Powders because it is of the same use and consistence Some think this consection is called Rebecha from Bechia for it is Bechical some ignorant fellow reading Rebechi for ℞ Bechi in some ancient Medicks receipt gave the name to this Confection which is now called Rebecha It cures such as cough Vires breathe difficultly spit corrupt blood are infested with the Peurisie asperity of the tongue and jaws and hoarseness CHAP. 21. Of Penidees PEnidees are much commended amongst bechical and arteriacal Medicaments which consist but of a few ingredients for they are made of Sugar and Barley-water mixed in such proportion and so cocted that a mass expurges thence of such solidity that it is tractable not adhering to ones fingers but easily ducible into long or short crass or small threads which that it may be duly effected the mass while hot is adduced reduced and drawn upon a ferreous hook affixed to the Beam till it be dealbated and severall figures made out of those threads Bulcasis the Author of this Compound made it of pure water Sugar and Honey mixed with as much Oyl of bitter Almonds But now we take Barley-water omit Honey and onely anoint the hands of the subacter and the Marble on which it is projected with Oyl The shop-men call this Medicament Alphenicum from the whiteness it contracts by subaction and duction It cures the cough hoarseness and asperity of the artery moves Vires cocts and excludes spittle and helps all affections of the Lungs and Breast SECT II. Of liquid Antidotes THere are of the Powders described and other Cordial and Alexiterial ones diluted in some idoneous liquor certain soft confections made which we sometimes call Liquid Antidotes
dry or moist the dry distillation is made in a furnace sometimes by the intervent of Coals sometimes of Sand and sometimes of hot ashes the humid is made in St. Maries Bath Now there are as many varieties of Baths and Furnaces as there are different wayes of distillation so that they can scarce be complected But now we shall briefly explicate how the most usual Oyls are elicited CHAP. 7. Oleum de Lateribus or Oyl of Bricks LEt inveterate Bricks broken into small pieces be burned on accended coals till they be red-hot then inject and dimit them into clear and old Oyl till they be filled therewith then beat them into powder and put the powder in a vitreous Cucurbite on which impose a rostrated Alembick and place it in a furnace duly structed accend the fire underneath it and keep the Oyl that flows from it The Bricks that are made of old earth should be selected as best which should be broken into crasser pieces of the weight of Ê’ vj. or â„¥ j. which after ignition must be extinguished in clear antique Oyl or Oyl of Rosemary if it may be spared and pulverated very small then injected into a vitreous Cucurbite well adapted to the furnace and bedaubed with clay that the powder may therein calefie by the fire under it and exude this Oyl which is diversly denominated for some Medicks call it rightly Oyl of Bricks others improperly Artificial Petreol in opposition to the Natural which distils spontaneously out of Rocks others by a more special Nomenclature call it The Holy Divine and Blessed Oyl The Alchymists do more arrogantly call it The Oyl of Magisteries and the Philosophers Oyl whom therefore Sylvius derides because they onely call themselves Philosophers in their daily speech and writings affirming themselves the sole Philosophers seeking that nominally which they cannot attain really This Oyl extenuates penetrates digests Vires and absumes all excrementitious matter conduces to the cold affections of the Spleen Reins Bladder Nerves Uterus and Articles it cures also the Lethargie Palsey and Epilepsie It is hot in the third degree and by so much more efficacious by how much more antique CHAP. 8. Oleum Vitrioliâ— or Oyl of Vitriol TEn or twelve pounds of Vitriol may be injected into a vitreous vessel obduced with clay and set on the fire till its phlegm be extilled then it should be taken off and brayed and purged from its phlegm which should be again iterated till no phlegm would emanate but the spirits leap out then should it be taken off the fire and its red calx taken pulverated and imposed in a crooked or rather straight Cucurbite whereunto an ample Recipient should be adapted and diligently conjoyned with clay and the Oyl distilled by a luculent fire continuing both night and day when all is cold the whole Liquor exempted and imposed in a vitreous vial first the insipid water then the acid which they call Oyl may be segregated from the sediment If this Oyl be often imbrued in its phlegm or the circulation of the spirit of wine it will be sweet for Alchymists mix an equal quantity of this and this Oyl then they digest and evoke them out of a singular Vial till the Alome being separated from the Sulphur of the Chalcantum the Oyl remain sweet Vitriol affords many several Medicinal Remedies as Spirits Oyl both acid and sweet Salt Colchotar and a certain thing the Chymists call Balsam The Spirit of Vitriol differs from its Oyl in its preparation tenuity and active vertue for it is the more subtile liquor of Vitriol or that I may speak in their own language the quintessence thereof which is made after many manners as thus The Vitriol is agitated very much with the vehement heat of the fire within its straight Vial so that that which distils upon the pulverated earth which they call Colchotar is alwayes resunded and at length by the vehemency of the fire propelled through the crooked glass and this is the most efficacious Spirit Some distil water and Oyl together out of the best Vitriol which are crasser Spirits which they purge from their dregs till they be attenuated into subtiler Spirits But they are better elicited while they are driven through a new Alembick by affunding the extillatitious liquor alwayes upon the dead head and then circulating it a whole week The common Oyl of Vitriol is educed after this vulgar manner A certain quantity of natural and good Cyprian Vitriol is taken calcinated in a vessel of Copper till it be quite red and its phlegm dissipated then it is brayed and included in a Cucurbite obduced with clay irrigated with Aqua-vitae and so left for a day then it is collocated and setled in a furnace duly structed and at first a modorate then a vehement fire accended under it that all its liquor may extil which after refrigeration is put in a small Cucurbite coarctated with a capitel and so its aqueous liquor stills in S. Maries Bath and its pure Oyl remains in the bottome of the vessel which is again put into another Cucurbite circumcinged with accended fire that it may be better and more throughly purged It s colour is more or less red or white as its efficacy and calour is more or less moderate â„¥ iij. of Oyl may be elicited out of lb j. of rubefied Vitriol All the qualities of the Oyl of Vitriol are so intense Vires that it cannot be assumed alone but mixed with some water decoction or fit conserve and though it be exceeding hot yet a few drops thereof mixed with much water become acid and both grateful and useful to the Feverish It penetrates by its tenuity carries the water to remote parts removes obstructions arceates putretude recreates the bowels and conduces much to the Pestilence Epilepsie Palsey and Strangury It doth not infect the simple decoction of Roses but the Syrupe of Violets with a purpureous and elegant acid sapour for a few drops thereof cast into an ounce of the said Syrupe will make it from violaceous purpureous CHAP. 9. Oleum Sulphuris or Oyl of Sulphur LEt a broad dish be so supposited to a suspended Campana that their brims may be distant about three fingers and let a vessel containing Sulphur which hath not yet suffered fire be put in the bottome of the dish and accended and agitated with a red-hot Iron when that is absumed let more be set on and ignited as before that out of its copious vapour erected into the Campana a concrete oleous liquor may delabe into the dish Some take an equal quantity of Sulphur and Pumice or Flint-stone brayed and putting the mixture into a crooked Cucurbite adhibit it to a moderate fire and educe most excellent Oyl thence Oyl of Sulphur is educed many more wayes for some adde Spirit of VVine to pulverated Sulphur and accend them when the water is absumed they bray the Sulphur and mix sand with it including them in a Vial and eliciting Oyl by
a slow fire Some adde Calx others Tartar and others Salt but that is best which is educed out of Sulphur solely and that next which is educed without these things The Oyl of Sulphur is not onely profitable for external applications as to deablate the teeth deleate cutaneous foedities Vires and cure venereous Ulcers but is also introsumed for the expulsion of such diseases as arise from flatulency or frigid crass and putrid matter it also much conduces in the Pestilence Epilepsie difficulty of breathing and many other affections of the Lungs if it be taken in water or some fit decoction it cures the tooth-ach if the dolorous tooth be but touch'd therewith It infects the infusion of Roses with its praetubrous colour if a few drops of it be injected thereinto CHAP. 10. Oleum Mellis or Oyl of Honey LEt a fit quantity of good Honey be injected into a Boccia with a third or fourth part of Sand then let a rostrated capitel be fitted on it and fire accended below it or else hot ashes or sand set about it that Oyl may be elicited Sand or brayed Flint-stones are mixed with the Honey in the eduction of its Oyl because else the whole Honey would ascend by the heat of the fire which should be luculent therefore the Cucurbite and Recipient vessel should be incrustated with clay and the rostrated capitel ever and anon covered with cold wet clothes The liquor that flows first is not the same with that that flows next for the first is as it were white water the second somewhat red and oleous they are sometimes kept a part for several uses but if they be mixed together the bath will segregate them by extilling the more aqueous and retaining the more oleous part It cures the Podagry and Wounds Vires it causes hair to grow well and thick and infects it with a red colour CHAP. 11. Oleum Cerae or Oyl of Wax LEt some quantity of odorate Virgin-wax be melted and mixed with a third part of brayed Flint-stones or sand purged from filth When the mixture is cold let it be put into a straight Ampulla covered with a rostrated capitel let its fire be at first slow afterwards more luculent that the Oyl may be educed We have selected this as the shortest and easiest of all those wayes by which this efficacious Oyl is educed yet if any would make it otherwise let him project the odorate liquefied wax into water eight or ten times alwayes agitating it with his hands and then put it in the Retort and educe its Oyl by fire or hot ashes Now if you would not have it so spisse for it is of the spissitude of Butter iterate its distillation twice or thrice and it will be liquid and fluxile An Oyl may be after the same manner educed out of the Gumme Elemni most accommodate for the cure of Wounds yea Oyl may after the same manner be educed out of Fat 's by the addition of brayed Flint Sand or broken Bricks CHAP. 12. Oleum Terebinthinae or Oyl of Turpentine THe Oyl of Turpentine may be drawn either in a straight or crooked Cucurbite with Sand purged from dust and a fire accended under it at first slow afterwards more valid The Oyl that comes first out is clear and tenuious the second more crass and aureous each should be reposed by it self Some adde to three pounds of Turpentine one handful of Salt and a little Aqua-vitae these confusedly mixed and included in a Boccia emit Oyl by the help of fire The Oyl of Turpentine is introsumed to cure Asthma Vires Empyema difficulty of breathing the Stone cholical dolour and frigid and flatulent affections It is externally adhibited to cure Nerves that are sautiated or labour under any distemper and to fill wounds with flesh agglutinate them and draw them to scars It extinguishes Quicksilver which is then good for the French Disease CHAP. 13. Oleum Caryophyllorum or Oyl of Cloves LEt a fit quantity of Cloves be macerated twelve hours or a whole day in Rain-water in a straight or retorted Boccia well occurated that nothing may expire then let the capitel be set on it and it moved with hot ashes to extil Oyl which may afterwards be sejoyned from the water This Oyl may also be easily educed by an Alembick of Copper artificially structed as also by descent like the Oyl of Guaiacum some adde a part of stillatitious wine to the Cloves It s excellent faculties make it a good substitute for Opobalsamum for being introsumed it recreates the principal parts and spirits arceates putretude dissipates flatulency opens the passages digests cold humours and dissipates melancholical succe extrinsecally adhibited it cures new wounds and old Ulcers it emends the corruption of bones and allayes Tooth-ach arising from a cold cause Oyl of Mâ—ce may be extilled after the same manner it calefies and digests frigid humours roborates the ventricle helps concoction moves appetite and much more benefits the user The Oyl of Cinamome is educed with more labour and cost for one pound thereof extils not above Ê’ j. of Oyl but its excellency equalizes it with natural Opobalsamum almost The Oyl of Nutmeg is extilled as that of Mace and exhibited to and for the same uses as also the Oyl of Nutmegs by expression CHAP. 14. Oleum Anisi or Oyl of Anise-seed LEt a pound or more or less of Anise-seed be contunded and macerated some hours in eight or ten times as much water then let it be put in a Copper Alembick with a vicine Refrigeratory then let it be distilled first with a moderate afterwards a more valid fire then segregate the Oyl from the water When the Water and Oyl thus ascend and descend together into the Receptacle they must be sejoyned which may be done by a certain instrument like a Tunnel whereinto the whole liquor must be injected which must be so collocated that the acuminated and angust part thereof which should be obturated with wax may hang downwards and so the water will occupy the lowest and the Oyl the highest place the wax then being rubbed off and the hole opened the water will run out and the Oyl stay It cures the cholical dolour arising from flatulency and cold Vires it conduces also to the Tympany inflation of the belly crudities acid belching and rumbling of the Guts Oyls may by this Art be educed out of the seeds of Petroseline Fennel Dauces and Cumin which coming from affine Plants have affine qualities CHAP. 15. Oleum de Spica or Oyl of Spike LEt the greater Spike or latifolious Lavender be macerated in white odorate wine distilled through an Alembick and then its oleous liquor segregated from its watry and kept This Oyl is seldome used alone but often mixed with other especially Topical Medicaments as the Vigonian salve and is adhibited to many more uses besides Medicinal ones The Oyl of Thyme is educed by the same artifice whether it be intrinsecally
or extrinsecally adhibited it conduces to cold effects There may be a certain Liquor extracted from Pearls brayed macerated in Lemmon-juyce or distilled vinegar solved pulverated madefied with rain-Rain-water and artificially distilled But the work and cost exceeding its worth we judge it not necessary for Shops CHAP. 16. Olea Metallorum or Oyls of Metals ALchymists do not onely out of Plants and Minerals but of Metals also exhibit certain Oyls by much art labour and mixtion yet they are not so eximious as they would make them for no Metals almost except Gold and Silver are afine to our nature and the Oyls of these do little good But g rant we that the tincture or else some Liquor educed or acquired from Salnitre distilled Vinegar Spirit of Wine Aqua-fortis or any or all of these as also from the succe of Lemmons should bring any help to other Medicaments yet in themselves they are not eximious But whatever they be they may not be introsumed without damage neither are their effects more then ancipitous when extrinsecally adhibited which Hieronymus Rubeus seems to confess who was a most perite Alchymist They may saith he being extrinsecally applyed by a perite Medick profit but I dare not prove their vertue by introsumption because they are drawn from acute waters and the force of the fire hath invested them with a quality very pernicious to the bowels upon which account I much suspect many Remedies that Paracelsus extols and many write That all those that introsumed his Metalline Remedies though they found some help at first thereby dyed within a years space A prudent Apothecary then should not spend his time nor waste his substance in reducing Metals to Powder macerating them in vinegar solving them elaborating them with the Salt of Tartar Nitre or other artificial mixture seeing those Medicaments they usually keep in their shops are sufficient for Pharmacy Here I will not disprove the use of certain Oyls educed by distillation for the abigations of such diseases as yield not to ordinary Medicaments For seeing an ill knot must have a hard wedge if the accustomed remedy will not end the fault we may without a Piacle betake out selves to more artificial extractions we have therefore here given the description of certain useful and moderate Oyls which the prudent Medick may sometimes use And as we have neglected many more educed by distillation so we have also omitted many elicited by expression and impression as superfluous and seldom used as the Oyl of Costus the Indian Nut of Frogs Pepper and the like which were rather invented for ostentation then necessity An Appendix to the Oyls Of Balsams BAlsam in a general signification denotes the Wood Succe and Fruit of a certain peregrine Tree in it s more special signification onely the Succe thereof which the Greeks call Opobalsamum The Alchymists do wrongfully wrest the name of Balsams to their Tinctures Oyls Liquors Quintessences and Extractions Medicks also too licentiously though not improperly name some crass and red Liquors confected with much art and mixture and indued with eximious faculties Balsams but they should be rather called Antibalsams or Balsameols which name they mutuate for Turpentine which is as it were the Basis from which all Aromatical and Rosinous Mixtures which are analogous to Balsams have their odours colours and faculties They are most commonly made by inclinative Distillation in a Retort wherein the aqueous liquor is at first extolled and then it delabes laterally through the neck of the Retort into the Receptacle the oleous comes next the third is crass like Honey Some Balsams are made without distillation they including some Medicaments a month or two in a fit Ampulla in horse-dung which they call the Belly or other place till they be macerated diluted and purified Thus the water that is collectedof Elm-leaves when the worms within are abjected Turpentine Oyl of S. Johns-wort and a little Gumme-Elemni included in an Ampulla concorporated and insolated or otherwise somented become a Balsam most efficacious and accommodate for many uses for it cures Ulcers though Dysepulotical and Malign and all Wounds quickly Balsamum primum D. Mes or The first Balsam of D. Mes falsly attributed to Guidon â„ž choyce Myrrhe Hepatick Aloes Spikenard Dragons blood Frankincense Mumy Opoponax Bdellium Carpobalsamum Ammoniacum Sarcocolla Saffron Mastick Gumme-Arabick liquid Storax of eachÊ’ ij Ladanum Castoreum of eachÊ’ ij ss MoschÊ’ ss Turpentine the weight of them all Let the dry ingredients be brayed macerated in wine and percolated then let all be mixed together with Turpentine the whole mixture put in an Alembick out of which the fire will at first force a tenuious liquor and then a crass and flave one which is the best Balsam The description of this Balsam is desumed from its Author Mesue who recenseates its faculties to admiration It is good saith he for all things and if a dead body be anointed therewith it putrefies not it strengthens the Soul and Nature It roborates the Nerves removes cold distempers excites and foments native heat conciliates strength to the Members If the back-bone be anointed therewith it miraculously cures the Palsey and Stupour in such affections as hinder speech a little of it immitted into the ears and nose or holden under the tongue of the speechless will quickly help him Petrus Apponensis calls this Balsam The Medicament of Medicaments for the speedy roboration of the heart and restitution of strength Balsamum 2. D. Hollerii or The second Balsam D. Holler â„ž Olibanum Mastick of each â„¥ ij Aloes-wood â„¥ j. Cloves Galangal Cinamon Setwel Nutmeg Cubebs of eachÊ’ vj. Myrrhe Aloes Ladanum Sarcocolla Castoreum of each â„¥ ss Bayberries Pine-nuts of eachÊ’ vj. Orris round Birthwort Dittany the greater Comfrey of each â„¥ j. Gumme-Elemni Opoponax Benzoin of each â„¥ ij Juyce of Ground-pine and Cowslips of each â„¥ ij Turpentine the weight of them all Concorporate and distil all in an Alembick water will first extil then that which is more oleous and last the crassest The Author saith This Balsam roborates the Nerves cures Stupour and Palsey it helps all frigid distempers and excites native heat Balsamum 3. vulnerarium or The third Balsam which is vulnerary â„ž of Venetian and Cyprian Turpentine of each â„¥ iij. Gum-Elemni Olibanum of each â„¥ ij Aloes Myrrhe Mastick Benzoin Bole-armeniack Dragons-blood of each â„¥ ss Aqua-vitae â„¥ iiij These confusedly mixed and included in a Retort extil a Balsam which yields to none in agglutinating wounds and filling them with flesh it also roborates the Nerves foments the innate heat of the part makes the scar not nodous and emends distempers Balsamum 4. D. Fallopii or The fourth Balsam of D. Fallop which is also vulnerary â„ž of clear Turpentine lb ij Linseed Oyl lb j. Rosine of the Pine-tree â„¥ vj. Frankincense Myrrhe Aloes Mastick Sarcocolla of each â„¥ ij Mace Saffron Lignum Aloes of each â„¥ ij Put all into a Retort let your fire be at first moderate and it
places deleates foetid scars takes away the redness of the eyes and cures cutaneous affections CHAP. 26. Unguentum Spleniticum or An Oyntment for the Spleen ℞ Oyl of Capers of Jasmine of each ℥ ix fresh Butter lb ss Juyce of Bryony and Sowbread of each lb ss Gum-Ammoniacum dissolved in Vinegar ℥ ij of the Powder of the bark of Tamarisk Ashton-keyes Ceterach white Willowseed of each ℥ j. Cumin-seedʒ ij new Wax as much as will suffice to body it into an Unguent The COMMENTARY Many are infested with the tumour of their Spleen others with its induration without any great tumour and others with both all of them have gravity and gripings in their Hypochondria tumours in their left sides difficulty of breathing and prave and plumbeous colours black and turgid veins towards their Spleens inflation of feet and lying on the left side is grievous to them This Unguent adhibited to the regions of their Spleens after general Praesidies will much profit for it is malactical or mollitive resolvative apertive roborative and splenetical whence it hath that name It should not therefore be omitted but seeing its use is salubrious should be kept in Pharmacopolies For its preparation let the Oyls and Butter boyl on a slow fire with the succes till the succes be dissipated then mix dissolved Ammoniack with them then the Powders afterwards the Wax and make an Unguent whereunto adde some Oyl of Spike which by its tenuity will cause better permeation for the rest and emend the Unguents odour CHAP. 27. Unguentum Neapolitanum or The Neapolitan Unguent ℞ of Hogs-suet washed in the Juyce of Sage lb j. Quicksilver killed ℥ iiij Oyl of Bayes Chamomile and Worms of each ℥ ij of Spike ℥ j. ss Aqua-vitae ℥ j. yellow Wax ℥ ij Turpentine washed in the Juyce of Enula-campane ℥ iij. Powder of Ground-pine and Sage of each ℈ ij mingle them The COMMENTARY I wish that Medicks would speak of the venereous disease and its cure without injury to any Nation For many ignorant of its original cause and nature referre it to such from whom they received it whether justly or injustly Hence some call it the Spanish others the Italian and others the French disease But the French being men that will not put up an injury hearing the disease imposed on them which they had rightly called the Indian or Venereous Pox they called both the disease and its remedy Italian because the Italians had wronged them first and sometimes the Indian for the Spaniards brought it first out of India into Italy whence the French taking Neapolis brought home this Neapolitan fruit But to my purpose This Indian Unguent may serve in stead of very many of that name which are unduly confected of Swines-fat and Quicksilver and sometimes a few simples unduly united and kept in many Pharmacopolies whereby the diseased in stead of help gets the Palsey Stupour and Trembling But this we have described consists of many things that hinder such affections that roborate the Nerves extinguish the malign and peccant quality of the humours and resolve the humours propelling many by sputation Some adde Petreol and Euphorbium which being exceeding hot and tenuious may help cold natures but they much harm the bilious and temperate Some also adde Mithridate and the Theriack but we omit them as not alexiterial to this disease but Quicksilver is very efficacious if duly prepared as we have elsewhere demonstrated For the preparation of this Unguent the wax must first be melted on a moderate fire with the Oyls then Aqua-vitae added to them which must be agitated and calefied till the water be exhaled then incorporate them with Quicksilver Fat and Turpentine whereunto adde the Powders and subact all into an Unguent That the Quicksilver may be duly prepared it should first be trajected through a woollen cloth that its plumbago may be segregated then extinguished with jejune and sound spittle for being thus tamed it is fitter for this confection then when extinct in the succe of Henbane and Lemmons though the Grease and Turpentine take away much of its ferity It s malign quality may be very well castigated in the Oyl of Turpentine duly prepared It cures the flux of the mouth or the exputation of virulent humours through the mouth if after purgation the parts be twice or thrice anointed therewith We have neglected many Unguents described in vulgar Antidotaries because their use is either not approved of or disallowed of or their faculties respondent to and contained in these we have described For he that hath the Styptical Unguent or Aregon of Fernelius needs not the Unguent of Comitissa and Arthanita SECT II. Of Cerecloths AS Cerecloths are in the middle betwixt Unguents and Salves so we describe them in the middle They are called Cerata because they admit of Wax as also Ceronea which are now made of such solidity that they differ not from Salves but are taken indiscriminately by Chirurgeons who call such as repose broken or disjoynted bones Ceroneous Salves But Cerata in a more angust acceptation denote an external Medicament aggregated of Oyl Wax the parts of Plants Animals Metals and Minerals to a middle consistence betwixt Unguents and Salves for they admit of more Wax then Unguents and less then Salves Now the proportion of Wax to Oyl in Unguents is of two dragms and an half to one ounce in Cerata of two dragms and a half to an ounce in Salves twice thrice or four times as much Wax as Oyl which proportion varies according to the different mixtion of other Ingredients and the season they are confected in for where there is required much of Powders there must be more where little there less Oyl in Summer also less Oyl is requisite then in Winter so that it is in the perite Artists power to change augment or lessen the quantity of Wax and Oyl and as Cerone is used for an Emplaister so is Ceratum for an Unguent for their preparation commixtion and spissitude are almost one yea a Ceratum is sometimes more liquid then an Unguent CHAP. 1. Ceratum refrigerans Gal. or The cooling Cerate of Galen ℞ of white Wax ℥ j. Oyl of Roses ℥ iiij melt them together and pour on a little coldwater keeping it continually stirring at the last adding Vinegar ℥ ss make it into a Cerate The COMMENTARY There is not amongst all compound and euporistical Medicaments one more frequent or simple then this described and celebrated by Galen which some call an Unguent some Ceratum Album and some Ceratum refrigerans Galeni You may thus make it Divide the wax into pieces melt it in the Oyl of Roses not perfectly explicated take it from the fire and transfuse it into another vessel and when it is cold and moderately concreted affund cold water upon it and agitate it which iterate till the mixture will take no more whereunto if you adde a little thin white-wine Vinegar it will be more humectative and refrigerative Galen advises when
it should be made very refrigerative to put the succes of Lettice Nightshade Sempervive and such refrigerants to it But this needs not be done but when the time of use calls for it these may be added for it is better to have it made in the shops after the most simple form It cures Inflammations S. Anthonies fires Pimples Carbuncles Vires red Swellings and all hot distempers It also much helps the Feverish if it be put upon their Hypochondria CHAP. 2. Ceratum Santalinum or The Cerate of Sanders D. Mes â„ž of Rose-leavesÊ’ xij red SandersÊ’ x. white and yellow of each â„¥ vj. Bole-armeniackÊ’ vij white Wax washedÊ’ xxx IvoryÊ’ vij CamphyrÊ’ ij Oyl of Roses lb j. make into a Cerate The COMMENTARY The Pharmacopolist that wants Sugar is not so derisible as he that wants this Ceratum whose continual and happy use sufficiently nobilitate it It is from Wax called Ceratum from Santals Santalinum You may make it thus First pulverate all the Santals together the Roses Bole-armeniack Ivory and Camphyr apart then mix the Wax with the Oyl that they may be liquefied on a slow fire when they are confusedly melted and a little cold wash them thrice or more in rose-Rose-water whereunto adject the said powders yet in such method that the Camphyr be last put in then agitate subact and unite all into the consistence of a Ceratum We have put crude not burnt Ivory for Spodium and why we have so done hath been frequently shewed It allayes the inflammations exustions and hot distempers of the Ventricle Liver and other parts with much efficacy CHAP. 3. Ceratum Stomachicum or A Cerate for the Stomach taken out of Mes â„ž Roses Mastick of eachÊ’ x. dryed WormwoodÊ’ vij ss SpikenardÊ’ v. Wax â„¥ ij Oyl of Roses â„¥ ix make it according to Art into a Cerate The COMMENTARY This Ceratum of Mesue's being more efficacious then those two which Galen describes it is more usual and frequent in shops For its preparation melt the Wax and Oyl when cold wash them oft in rose-Rose-water melt them again and wash them in equal portions of the succe of Quinces and of black austere wine with a little Vinegar which may be well omitted In the mean-while pulverate the Roses and VVormwood together Mastick and Spikenard apart then confusedly mix all the powders with the wax and Oyl duly washed and subact them into a legitimate spissitude Galen to whom Mesue attributes its description gives it otherwise therefore the invention of the description or at least of the better description is due to Mesue It it called Stomachical because it conduces to that part for it foments the heat of the stomack and of the whole Ventricle helps concoction dissipates flatulency cocts crude humours moves appetite and stayes vomiting but it should and must be extended all over the region of the stomack and sometimes the whole Ventricle for it roborates that also and makes it more prompt and apt to perform its office CHAP. 4. Ceratum Oesypatum Gal. tributum D. Mes â„ž Oesypi â„¥ x. Oyl of Camomile Orris of each lb ss Wax â„¥ iiij Mastick Turpentine of each â„¥ j. Rosine â„¥ ss SpikenardÊ’ ij ss SaffronÊ’ j. ss Ammoniacum â„¥ j. Storax â„¥ ss make it into a Cerate according to Art The COMMENTARY Mesue describes three Cerata's whereof we select this one attributed to Galen as most efficacious and usual which yet Rondeletius by the addition of Ammoniack and Storax hath made more effectual for thus confected it performs those effects which the descriptions of Pilagrius and Paulus pollicitate Wherefore he that hath this may be without the others It is called Oesypatum from its Basis Oesypum which you may thus extract Take a fit quantity of wooll evelled from the necks bellies and privities of sheep macerate it eight hours in hot water agitate it all the while with a stick then servefie it on the fire till it depose its fatness into the water extract and violently express the wooll and then transfuse the water from one vessel to another with much force that it may eructate much spume which collect and repose in a vessel apart iterate the transfusion in the hot Sun till all the fat spume be collected which wash and agitate in pure water till its filth be segregated and the last water remain limpid and the fatness leave no acrimony on the tongue then put it in a dense earthen pot and keep it in a cold place It is emollitive resolvative calefactive and anodynous The Ceratum you may thus confect first pulverate the Saffron Mastick Spikenard and Storax apart then mix their powders together macerate Ammoniack in Vinegar melt it and coct it to the consistence of Honey then liquefie the wax in Oyl take them from the fire and put therein Oesypum dissolved Ammoniack and Turpentine together then agitate and subact all the powders together that they may acquire due spissitude It mollifies resolves digests and allayes dolours and thence conduces to the hard tumours of the Liver Spleen Uterus Nerves Articles and other parts Authors describe other external Medicaments under the name of Cerata which being of a harder consistence we shall prosecute in our next Book of Salves Mesue describes some softer then these which are seldome or never made Finis Libri Quinti The Apothecaries Shop OR ANTIDOTARY Of EXTERNAL MEDICAMENTS THE SIXTH BOOK Of Emplaisters THE PREFACE BOth the Matter and Vertue of Unguents and Salves are one their consistence different which in the one is soft and liquid in the other crass and solid which are therefore made into Rolls and Bacils of a fingers length and crassitude and sometimes much more and not reposed in vessels like Unguents but involved in papers and so kept in Pharmacopolies That they may acquire that crassitude they admit of more Wax and less Oyl then Unguents as twice thrice and sometimes four times as much Wax as Oyl which quantity of Wax must be augmented or lessened according to the quantity of Rosines and concrete succes as also the quantity of Oyl as the dosis of Fat 's Grease and Marrow may ingrede the confection Now Salves are confected of the parts of Plants and Animals of Minerals and Metals some whereof give onely the body and consistence without any great vertue as Wax common Oyl Quicksilver and some Rosines others with matter give also vertue and efficacy as Minerals Plants and the other Ingredients All Salves do not admit of Wax and Rosines but receive Ladanum Frankincense and other things for their matter Some also are made without Wax and fire whose materials are Honey viscid Succes Cream and the like concreted to a due spissitude as the Salve of Bread-Crusts and Bayberries and the like This order must be observed in confecting Salves first the Wax must be melted in Oyl then the liquors succes and Mucagines mixed therewith and cocted on a slow fire till the aqueous humidity be exhaled then must the Fat 's
expose to the air that it may dry and repose for use This Cloth is partly Sarcotical partly Collective and Epulotical that is it generates flesh agglutinates siccates and heals wounds and Ulcers it stayes fluxions and roborates the parts whereunto it is adhibited He that would have more descriptions of Sparadrappes may reade the last Chapter of the second Section of our fifth Book of Institutions There may as many Sparadrappes be made by Art as Emplaisters We have omitted some few Salves as such as we could either not approve of or disallow of or else such as were more then supplyed in those we have described For the use of the Salves of Barbary and Diaphoenician is quite decayed the Apostolical Salve is seldome made and he that hath the Divinum may well be without it as he that hath Oxycroecum without Ceroneum We have given the best and most useful not onely of Salves but also of other Medicaments for internal assumption and external adhibition All which if an Apothecary will make and keep in his Shop he shall not want any thing for the expugnation of Diseases Finis Libri Sexti AN APPENDIX Of some Medicinal Waters made by Art BEsides simple distilled Waters some others are kept in Pharmacopolies more compositious whose use is commendable in many things and that not onely in external adhibitions but internal assumptions also to correct distempers roborate the parts and erect the faculties Of which sort these are the most usual and eximious which lest any thing necessary should be wanting we have here subjoyned beginning with such as are introsumed Aqua Theriacalis or A Theriacal Water ℞ of the roots of Enula-campane Tormentil Angelica Masterwort of each ℥ j. Cypress Orris of eachʒ vj. Setwel the Pills of Citron and Orange Cinamon Cloves the seeds of Carduus Ivy-berries and Juniper of each ℥ ss Dittany Scordium Balm Marigolds of each m. ss Macerate them a whole day upon hot embers in a vessel well covered with lb vj. of white-wine the next day adde of the decoction of Goats-beard Betony and Water-lillies lb ij afterwards boyl them a little upon a gentle fire In which dissolve Treacle ℥ iiij afterwards put them into an Alembick and distil it in a Bath There is no Theriacal and Alexiterial Water better Vires or more efficacious then this for it doth not onely recreate the faculties but oppugn and extinguish all pestilent and venenate qualities It cures the Syncope Palpitation Swounding Vertigo Lethargie Epilepsie Apoplexy and Palsey Aqua Theriacalis alia or Another Theriacal Water more easie to make ℞ of the roots of Enula-campane Angelica of each ℥ iiij Carduus-seed Cloves Juniper-berries of each ℥ j. Scordium Vipers Bugloss Goatheard Marjoram Balm Betony of each m.j. boyl them in water to lb iiij in which infuse for a whole day and half Mithridate and Treacle of each ℥ ij put them into an Alembick and distil of the water according to Art Its faculties are affine to but more imbecile then those of the former not onely Pharmacopolists but also any one may make it for it consists but of a few things and they easily compassable Aqua Cinamomi or Cinamon-Water ℞ of the best Cinamon bruised lb ss of the best Rose-water and generous white-wine of each lb j. mingle them letting them stand in a fit vessel for two dayes well covered afterwards distilled off according to Art and let the Water be preserved All do not consent about the proportion of Cinamon to Wine and Rose-water for some put twice as much wine and four times as much Rose-water as Cinamon others put water and wine in equal quantity wherein they macerate Cinamon and distil the whole which is the most usual and best way This water accelerates Birth expels Secunds moves fluors recreates the faculties and discusses flatulency Aqua vulgo Clareta dicitur or The Water commonly called A Claret ℞ of Mace Cloves Cinamon of each ℥ j. Galangal ℥ ss Cardamomes Squinant of eachʒ ij Gingerʒ ss infuse them in Aqua-vitae lb j. in a Bath for 24 hours the waters of Wormwood and Roses of each lb ss Sugar ℥ viij let them be trajected three or four times thorow Hippocrates his Sleeve and make thereof a Claret which keep in a fit Bottle It roborates the stomach helps coction discusses flatulency corrects the cold distemper of the nutritive parts restitutes the hearts strength and erects the faculties Claretc alia or Another Claret ℞ of the roots of both Pyonies Missletoe of each ℥ ij the wood of Bayes and Lentisk of each ℥ ss the flowers of Betony Sage and Rosemary of each p. ij macerate them a whole day in lb j. ss of white-wine and lb ss of Balm-water and afterwards distilled and in the distilledwater macerate Cinamon ℥ j. Sugar-Candy ℥ v. which strain and keep This doth most admirably help for the cure of the Epilepsie Lethargie Palsey Apoplexy and other cold affections of the Brain and Nerves Clareta alia or Yet another Claret ℞ of the Waters of Balm and Coltsfoot Put the sugar in a bladder and hang the bladder in water and it will dissolve it of each lb ss infuse therein a whole night Enula-campane ℈ ij Orrisʒ j. Cinamon ℈ iiij make an expression and filtrate it adding dissolved or liquid Sugar-Candy ℥ iij. which after a little insolation put up It hath an excellent faculty in curing difficulty of breathing coughs from a cold cause and 〈…〉 for it incides attenuates cocts and moves spittle The ardent Syrupe is made of Sugar diluted in Aqua-vitae accended for after its conflagration the liquor that is left is oleous and of the spissitude of a Syrupe Clareta vulgaris or The vulgar Claret ℞ of the best Aqua-vitae lb ss of red Rose-water ℥ iiij Sugar ℥ iij. Cinamon ℥ j. traject them three or four times through Hippocrates his Sleeve and make thereof a Claret This Claret is most grateful recreating the heart and principal parts fomenting innate calour and discussing flatulency Aqua contra Calculum or A Water against the Stone ℞ of the roots of Smallage Restharrow Sea-holly Radish cut in slices of each ℥ ij Bean-cods ℥ iij. all the Saxifrages Sea-Rattlegrass Pimpinel Bishopweed tops of Marshmallows of each m. ij Winter-cherries Red Cicers the seed of Grumwel of each ℥ ij Citrons cut orbicularly num iij. macerate them a whole day in a sufficient quantity of white-wine afterwards distil it and put to the distilled water a little Oyl of Vitriol to make it more acid to the gust This water is eximious in breaking and expelling the Stone moving Urine and Fluors accelerating Birth attenuating viscid humours and removing obstructions two spoonfuls or thereabouts according to the age and strength of the assument should be taken in the morning fasting or long after meat Aqua ad Gonorrheam or A Water for the flux of Sperm ℞ of Bears-breech Garden-dock cut small tops of Marshmallows of each m.ij. the flowers of Water-Lillies m.i j.
Foxes lungs pag. 449 Frankincense pag. 381 Froggs pag. 462 463 Frontals pag. 198 Their various forms pag. 199 Fruits how to keep them pag. 146 A Frontal mitigating pain and conciliating sleep pag. 119 Fumatory pag. 334 Furnace how to be built pag. 89 Their various use Ibid. G. GAlls pag. 392 Galanga pag. 272 Galbanum pag. 401 Galens father had bitter honey pag. 101 His opinion concerning the purgative faculty pag. 12 Gargarisms what they are pag. 161 A Gargarism to purge flegm from the brain Ibid. A cleansing Gargarism Ib. For Venereous ulcers in the throat Ibid. When they are to be used Ibid. Gems pag. 419 Genitals of a Hart. pag. 454 Gentian pag. 300 Germander pag. 326 Ginger its description where the best grows its vertues pag. 270 Girasola pag. 420 Gith pag. 328 Glysters their use pag. 183 Glyster-decoction how long it may be kept Ibid. Who was their first inventor Ibid. Those that have no fats purge stronger pag. 184 A carminative Glyster Ib. A Glyster for the Apoplexie pag. 184 For the Dysentery Ibid. Goats suet pag. 444 Goats hoof pag. 161 Goats blood its preparation pag. 442 Gourds their difference pag. 241 Gold is good and evil pag. 426 Its vertues pag. 427 Gold glue pag. 399 Goose-grease pag. 446 A superstitious opinion about it Ibid. Goose-grass pag. 361 Goose-berry-tree pag. 386 Gossipium pag. 362 Gradation pag. 92 Grain what it is pag. 135 Granate pag. 415 Grass its kindes pag. 303 Vertues pag. 304 Knotgrass pag. 349 Grief what it is pag. 113 Its effects Ibid. Gromel pag. 323 Grapes pag. 385 Ground-pine pag. 326 Guaiacum its differences and vertues pag. 288 How long it should be macerated pag. 59 Gum what it is pag. 394 How gums are to be infused pag. 56 Gum-Arabick pag. 395 Traganth pag. 396 Elemni pag. 383 Ivy. pag. 403 Gypsum what it is pag. 422 H. HAEmatites pag. 419 Hare burnt is good for the Stone pag. 67 A Hare that had Horns pag. 443 Sea-Hare Ibid. Hares Blood Ibid. Harts-pizle dried its vertues pag. 16 Harts-flesh burnt expels stones Ibid. Harts tears pag. 454 Harts heart-bone Ibid. Harts marrow pag. 443 Hartwort pag. 299 Its varieties vertues pag. 300 Hemina pag. 137 Haxagion pag. 135 Hartichoak pag. 333 How to preserve their stalks pag. 345 Hellebore its kindes pag. 265 Vertues Ibid. Hemionitis pag. 236 Henbane its kindes and vertues pag. 349 Hepaticks pag. 19 Hepatiorum pag. 356 Hepatica Ibid. Herbs where they are to be kept pag. 145 Capillary Herbs pag. 150 Whence they have their name Ibid. Emollitive Herbs pag. 151 How Herbs are to be dried pag. 145 Hermodactyls used in the Shops pag. 262 How they differ from Ephemerus and Colchicus Ibid. Hiera Picra whence it hath its name pag. 111 Why Galen called it so pag. 112 The variety of descriptions thereof pag. 113 Hiera Picra Galeni or Galens Hiera pag. 567 Hiera Picra cum Agarico or Hiera with Agarick pag. 568 Hiera Pachij Ibid. Hiera Diacolocynthidos pag. 569 Hieracia pag. 243 Hipocistus pag. 391 Hippocrates Wine pag. 56 Hypolapathum pag. 253 356 Hispidula pag. 363 Honey pag. 224 The first inventor of it pag. 100 How the best may be known pag. 225 When it is to be despumed by it self pag. 84 What bodies it will preserve pag. 99 Honey of Fruits pag. 225 Bitter Honey pag. 100 Anacardian Honey how it is made pag. 78 Honey of Rosemary pag. 531 Of Mercury pag. 532 Of Raisons pag. 102 Of Roses pag. 530 Of Violets pag. 531 Hogs grease pag. 445 Hoglice pag. 204 Honeysuckles pag. 338 Hops pag. 359 Hordeat what it is pag. 164 Horehound pag. 318 Hounds-tongue pag. 348 Housleek pag. 351 Humectation is a kin to Infusion pag. 57 For what Med. it is useful Ibid. Humor that is cold and gross will be but slowly purged pag. 141 Hyachinthus pag. 415 Hydragogous pag. 28 Hydragoge Eximium pag. 565 Hydrolapathum pag. 356 Hydromel what is to be understood by its name pag. 100 What proportion of Honey to water in Hydromel Ibid. Hydromel Melicratum and Mulsum are the same Ibid. Hydromel of the country mans Ibid. Hydromel vinosum simp or simple vinose pag. 528 Hydromel Ibid. Hypercatharticks pag. 28 Hypnoticks pag. 29 Hypocaust what it is pag. 188 What must be done before going into it Ibid. Hypoplomon pag. 344 Hyssop pag. 329 I. JAsper pag. 419 Imbution what it is pag. 53 Indian Leaf pag. 285 Induration what pag. 75 Infection pag. 59 Infusion how it is made pag. 56 Its use Ibid. Insess its materials and use pag. 186 187 An Insess to asswage the pain of the reins Ibid. To allay the Cholick pag. 187 Insipid pag. 39 Insolation what pag. 71 Intinct Green pag. 77 Intybolachanum pag. 243 Intybum Ibid. Joseph had Pharmacy in great esteem pag. 3 Irrigation what pag. 192 Irrigation provoking sleep Ibid. It may be reduced to Humectation pag. 57 Iron the kindes thereof pag. 430 It is not evil in it self pag. 431 Its rust Ibid. Isinglass how it is made pag. 452 Judaicus Lapis pag. 400 Juice what it is pag. 394 How it may be kept long without putrefaction pag. 78◠How to repose them pag. 146 Juice of Liquorish pag. 392 How it is made pag. 393 Juices mixt with Honey pag. 102 Jujubees pag. 381 Julep what it is pag. 166 Its dose pag. 167 How it differs from a Syrupe and Apozeme Ibid. A Julep conciliating sleep pag. 167 Julepus Ziziphorum pag. 166 Juniper Berries pag. 391 Ivory pag. 454 Gum of Ivy. pag. 403 K. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 pag. 31 Kathareiticon Ibid. Keiri pag. 309 Kermes Berries what pag. 283 Their vertues Ibid. Their Juice pag. 284 Kings ancient care of the health of their Armies pag. 2 Kings in time past did prepare Med. Ibid. Knotgrass pag. 349 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 pag. 31 L. LAcca what it is pag. 393 Lacryma of the Ethiopian Olive pag. 383 Laddanum what it is pag. 391 Ladies Rose pag. 247 Lake of Sodom pag. 403 Lapis Bezoardicus whence it hath its name where it is generated how to know it pag. 457 Lapis Caliminaris pag. 433 Lapis Heraclius pag. 417 Lapis Judaicus pag. 420 Lapis Lazuli pag. 417 The difference between it and Lapis Armenij Ibid. Lapis Nephriticus pag. 420 Lapis 〈◊〉 Ibid. Lapis Selenites Ibid. Laranna pag. 383 Larix pag. 258 Laserpitium pag. 399 400 Laudanum pag. 595 Lavender greater pag. 286 Lead its sorts and vertues pag. 428 How to wash it pag. 54 How to powder it pag. 62 How to burn it pag. 69 Leeks pag. 307 Leopards bane pag. 330 Lemond pag. 370 How to candy their peels pag. 543 Lentisk pag. 384 Lettice pag. 241 Why so called its differences and vertues Ibid. It may be both aliment and poyson pag. 5 How to preserve their stalks pag. 545 Libisticum pag. 299 Liccorish pag. 392 Its Juice pag. 393 Lice the principle of it is fire and water pag. 217 Ligula pag. 136 Lillies pag. 250 Lilly Convalli Ibid. Limation
unsavoury Aliments are pituitous Gal. cap. 46. lib. 2. de facult aliment but is more properly observable in Water Citrul Gourds and such like for it affects the tongue with no manifest quality neither is it properly a sapour but rather a privation of sapour as the name shews The Latins call it fatuum that is foolish or unsavoury because it moves the sense with no manifest quality it leaves an impression much like to that of Hydraeolean CHAP. XIX What election of Medicaments may be made by Sapours THE preservation of our nature consists in sanity and sanity in temperament from which those sapours that recede more are to be adjudged more malign and those that more agree to our nature are more wholsome Now of sapours sharp and bitter are most unacceptable and averse to our nature sweet familiar and gratefull Wherefore by how much a purging Medicament recedes more from sharp and bitter sapours by so much it is less noxious For those that are exactly sharp are to be thought worst and most nocent Exacte acria pessima as Enphorbium and Thymelea which by reason of their acrimony and vehement heat exulcerate the bowels Next to these are sharp and bitter sapours as the juice of Buckthornberry After these that which is exactly bitter as wild Gourds and the juice of wild Cucumbers called Elaterium Those which are both sharp and bitter Acria amara Aloen venas occludere and also styptical as Aloes which contrary to Serapio rather shuts than opens the veins are not so ill and they are less ill that are both sharp and styptical as Epithymus Diosc cap. 24. lib. 3. Gal. cap. 4. lib. 5. meth Pint. cap. 4. lib. 27. Bitter and styptical are least of all ill Amara styptica as Rhabarb and Sea-wormwood for although bitter things putrifie least and do not generate Worms yet those that are exactly such since they are not fit to be eaten of any Creature much less of Man Galen attesting the same cap. 9. lib. 4. simpl by how much any sapour is less bitter by so much the rather it is to be chosen Now of good and wholsome sapours Dulcia saluberrima the sweet ones are most wholsome as Cassia Manna Honey Licorish Jujubs Secondly the unsavoury are next to these as Mallows Sorrel Violets Thirdly both sweet and sharp as Prunes Tamarinds Fourthly sweet and bitter as Polypody Fifthly sweet bitter and styptical as Roses for those that have astriction are adjudged most wholsome And therefore where Nature hath not given astriction to purging Medicaments Art adds it CHAP. XX. Of the time when Medicaments are to be gathered how long their virtue lasts and in what time it is most valid THat disposition of a Medicament which is extrinsecally acquired and which gives better knowledge to their selection proceeds either from the time wherein they are to be gathered or from the place where they are deposited As to the time three things are worthy to be known first when they ought to be gathered secondly to what time their virtue remains perfect thirdly in what time they are better and more usefull for some are better new than old others better old than new others best in the middle of the time As to the first Quo tempore colligenda meâ—â—aâ—â—nta we affirm that Medicaments are then to be gathered when their virtue is better and more usefull But nevertheless all parts of Plants are not equally and at one time and season effectual and wholsome For Roots should be gathered at one time Stalks at another Leaves at another Flowers and Fruits Seeds Juices and Gums at another time And so Roots should be gathered in several seasons of the year Quovis tempove quaedam radices colligenda not in Autumn only as is asserted by Dioscorides Avicenna and many others Nor also in the Spring alone as Saladinus would have them but some may be effoded and gathered at any time to wit such as are alwayes vegetive and juicy although the stalks be dry as the roots of Bugloss Sorrel Licorish Saint Christophers herb Smallage Butchers broom Cyperus Sow bread Lillies Mallows and many more Others as soon as their leaves are fallen at which time the virtue of the Plant goes into the root and then the humour is more throughly cocted than at other times as Enula campana Angelicae Peony Briony Bugloss Others are to be pulled up and gathered ere the virtue of the Plant be diffused into branches leaves flowers and seed as Polypody Flower-de-luce Saint Maries seal Gentian Ragwort And some are best to be gathered in Spring and Autumn as the roots of Mallows and Lillies Eringes Galangal Sour-dock Radish many more which have store of natural Juice in them But the stocks and stalks are to be gathered when they are perfect leaves and flowers before they fall of themselves for then for the most part they are perfect Fruits when they are ripe the juices of herbs and leaves while young branches are sprouting out Gums are to be drawn and pressed out of the stalks gashed while it is fresh in the beginning of the Spring or beginning of Summer while the juice ascends into the stalk And all Medicaments by Dioscorides advice are to be gathered when the Heavens are clear Now how long the virtue of purging altering De duratione virtutis medicamentorum or roborating Medicaments endure cannot definitely be shewed and determined upon For since that every thing hath its proper age and a peculiar antiquity or recency consists in several Medicaments the time of duration is not the same in all for Rhabarb will keep fresh potent and valid three years others decay sooner as of roots such as have thin substances as the root of Valerian Asarum Ragwort which are efficacious and valid onely one year Some endure five or six years as Aristolochy Butchers-broom Cypetus others ten years as the greater Centaury and according to Threophrastus others thirty years as Hellebore others forty years as black Chameleon and some a hundred as Elaterium and if the same Author speaks true Elaterium hath been found of two hundred years old which was very good and pretious Therefore we can scarce determine in general for what season or time the virtue of a Medicament especially purging is efficacious but onely specially of some and several seeing we shall discourse in our Officina Pharmacopolarum particularly of these wherein we shall most largely declare and treat of the composition of Medicaments Yet may this rule be laid down as general if not altogether Quando vis medicamentorum praestantior yet for the most part true That all Medicaments consisting of a thin and rare substance and all such as abound in much humidity continue but a short time efficacious but those that are gross and solid and less humid endure longer because their virtue cannot so easily exolve and perish The third thing remains yet unapplyed to wit at what
Linctus for it is assumed by little and little as it were by licking or sucking that by staying and lingering in the passage it may deerre into the breast or at least its cough-curing virtue may reach the cavities of the Breast and the grisles of the Lungs concoct Spittle and cause its exclusion which by the strength of nature may easily be done after concoction of the humour by a Vomit or Expectoration upwards Now they are not onely exhibited in a morning upon a fasting stomack but also at evening and sometimes betwixt meals to several effects and for several intentions and according to the matter intention and quality whereof the Medicaments consist for they are given to leniate deterge incrassate incide expectorate and stay blood Eclegms also according to the Antients may be made of Medicaments of any sapour yet very bitter and very sharp Medicaments we do not approve of for this use for besides that ingratefull sense they bring to the palate they exasperate the hollow artery and the jaws and greatly molest the lungs yet are souâ— ones sometimes prescribed for the attenuation of gross humours But use hath so far prevailed that in the confecture of CoughcuÃing Eclegms it is almost a Law that nothing but sweet Ingredients should make up the Compound as juice of Liccorish Pines Jujubs Sugar-candy Dragaganth and such like Electuaries mixed in Honey or some fit Syrup But if the condition of any affection preternaturally require bitter or sharp Ingredients then must they be mixed with the other Medicaments in a less quantity both that they may be more easily assumed and also that in altering the humour contained they may not hurt the part containing Quae eclegmata conveniant Asthmaticis Such Lohochs as these are for their notable faculty in inciding and opening commended to the pursy and such as breath difficultly because of gross humours in their Lungs An Eclegm should be assumed upon a stick of Liccorish a little beaten or out of some little measure and holden in the mouth till it melt of its own accord and till it slide down the mouth of the stomack or insinuate it self into the Artery subjected They are reposed in earthen vessels leaded and may be kept a whole year without impairing their virtues Yet such as in their Confecture receive Almonds or Nuts as they grow mouldy sooner so do their faculties sooner fail and decay There is to be sold in Shops a certain Electuary somewhat liquid for Glisters and it is made of one pound of the decoction of Violets Malva the herb Mercury Pelitory of the wall Beets and Wormwood with the same weight of the Pitch of Cassia and Honey despumed which being thicker than any Syrup and borrowing its colour and virtue from Cassia is called Lohoch of Cassia Lohoch cassia CHAP. XI Of Electuaries in general SUch Medicaments as externally applyed can cure any Poyson whether within the body or inflicted on the body by some bite are by the Greeks called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and those 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which introsumed help many grievous affections The Latins do not onely retain and confound both these names but also denote them by the name of Electuary to us for the Antients called them Antidotes the later men Electuaries Whereof according to their different consistency there be two kinds the one solid which Apothecaries make into little pieces which they call Lozenges the other more liquid made and formed into the consistency of an opiate But if according to Galen the difference of Antidotes or Electuaries be taken from their quality and vertues some are assumed because of deadly Medicaments others are prevalent against venemous beasts others are prescribed to diseases contracted by ill victualls and some are accommodated to all these uses which may not only be wholsomley introsumed but also externally applyed as Triacle Mithridate Electuaries according to their different solidity are called Dry and Tabulated Electuaria sicca ac tabulata or Liquid which have the consistency of an opiate a mean betwixt an Eclegme and Pills as all Antidotes whose powders are subactd with sape honey or wine which put to sugar righly prepared and agitated with a woodden pestell do acquire the just consistency of a solid Electuary So that wine and the same Electuary may be formed liquid or solid according to the adjection of sugar or honey with artificiall mixtion yet they can scarce be brought to a solid Consistency which admit of the extract of Cassia and the inner part of fruits The proportion of honey to powders in liquid Electuaries should be the same with sugar to them in dry and solid Electuaries which is that to one pound of honey or sugar should be mixed three ounces of Powder yet either may be increased or diminished as the power of the Antidote is requisite to be more valid or more weak for by how much more sugar or honey is added to the powders by so much is the Electuary weaker and by how much the lesse by so much the stronger In purging Lozenges one dramme of powder should be mixed with an ounce of sugar cocted in water or some juice to a consistency somewhat more solid than a syrup in Cord all Lozenges two ounces of sugar often go to one dram of powder the quantity whereof should be by so much lesser by how much the quality is stronger and the sapour more ingratefull But Physicians should define a just quantity of sugar or honey Medicorum error for while they prescribe onely according to their custome as much as will serve of either indefinitly they leave the Apothecary doubtfull in making the Electuary and they commit the sick persons safety to his judgement for he may make the strength of the Medicament more weak or more intense as he pleases and you shall scarce find two Apothecaryes who put the same proportion of sugar or honey to the same remedy when the quantity is not prescribed In the Confecture of the liquid Antidote Electuarium liquidum faciendi modus the honey is washed with a little water and boyled by little and little on a moderate fire and despumed till the water or other liquor be exhaled then it is taken off the fire and before it be absolute cold three ounces of the mixed powders are sprinkled upon the honey every pound of honey so prepared requires three ounces of Powder and then they are mixed with a woodden postell till the mixture be equall The weight of honey should not be changed because of the mixture of the pulpe of Cassia Tamarinds or Manna Dactyls and Almonds or other fruits for in confecting an Electuary of a Legitimate consistency the weight of dry powders must be answerable to the sape honey or sugar A soft Electuary should not be reposed in a box before it be thoroughly cold least its superiour part be extrinsecally incrusted in a certain Membrane it is betetr to let it be fermented and the
crassitude equall Sugar also must be prepared before it receive powders for it should be dissolved in stillatitious water or other fit liquour Electuarium siccum faciendi modus and then be despumed and boyled softly on a fire till it be thicker than 〈◊〉 syrup and till a drop thereof will not dilate it self and after a little refrâ—geration the severall species must be by little and little added confounded and mixed with a Spatula till it have got its whoâ—e solidity and equability then it must be laid on a marble before it be cold and with the Spatula dilated and planed when it is cold it may be cut into Lozenges square or round of one two or three dramms weight which after they be brought to the hardness of sugar must be laid in boxes or Chests Of what consistency soever the Electuary be whether solid or soft it preserves the strength of the simples well and long Yet doth the soft preserve it longer than the solid because its humidity being greater it more constraines the faculty of the Medicaments and hinders them from being dissipated by the air By how much an Electuary is more gratefull to the Palate by so much the sooner doth its energy and faculty decay for its efficacie will scarce endure a year bitter and ingratefull will endure two or three years and the Antidote against wild beasts bitings or poysons sometimes ten years without damage CHAP. XII Of Hiera HIerae differ little from the Opiate Hiera pierae unde habeant nomen Opiates from liquid Electuaries for they have all the same consistency and often the same purging faculty yet Electuaries and Opiates do sometimes purge neither molesting the belly nor displeasing the palate with their sapour but Hierae besides their purging faculty which they alwayes have are very bitter and unacceptable which their name shewes for they are called Picrae for their exceeding bitterness as Hiera i. e. holy for their excellent effects They are compounded of loosening and bitter yet Medicaments good for the stomack which incide and gently purge grosse and flegmatick humours out of the first region of the body Hiera picra Galeni dâ—citur quod eam emendarit and especially those that are called Galens Hierae because changed and mended by him Cap. 11. lib. 8. comp med local which saith he are the best remedy for the Melanchollicke affections of the belly for many stomachicall Maladyes have been cured by him in one day therewith for since Aloes is mixed hereunto which is very good for the stomack and Cynamon which is effectuall in opening exterging and attenuating for it is of very thin parts they may be exhibited usefully for all grosse and viscous humours Quib us conveniat quibus non and all affections about the belly and stomach proceeding from vicious juice but not if they proceed from a sharp fever Hiera whose faculty is to calefy and exiccate may not be securely used in those fevers whereby humours are accended in the vessells and whereby the whole body is inflamed though by Galens advice they may safely be used in fevers that are not vehement there are besides Galens Picrae Hierae variae descriptae Hierae variously described various compositions which from their effects are called Hierae and from their sapours Picrae as from that matter which in composition quantitie or qualitie is preheminent one Hiera is called the Colloquintidan Hiera others are confected under the names of Logadius Pacchus or Myrepfius either because they first invented their compositions or else altered augmented and corrected them The descriptious composition and powers of every one shall be largely treated of taught and explained in our book tearmed the shop some Hierae have their purgative power onely from Aloes and that not potent and Galen cap. 2. lib. 4. de loc affect saith that they scarce condescend to the places about the Liver unlesse they be taken in a more ample weight they may be commodiously given for the suffusion or web in the eye because they rather educe noxious humours from the brain than from the stomack but such as admit of Coloquintida or Agarick or both or scammony do potently move the belly and draw hurtfull humours from all the parts of the body and purge them out CHAP. XIII Of Opiates in general OPiates are reckoned amongst liquid Electuaries and so called because they have Opium in their mixture or from their similitude to Hypnoticall Medicaments or from their consistency presently after their inspâ—ssation or peradventure from their Colour which in Opium or the juice of black poppy and in liquid Antidotes whether Cordiall or opening is the same And although the Ancients call those Medicaments onely Opiates too strictly which admit of Opium in their mixture of what consistency soever whether solid as the Alcumists Ladanum and Pills of Cynoglosson or soft as the Roman Philonium yet are they in a larger sense taken for any soft Confections Cordiall altering Opiatarum appellatio amplissima purging or narcoticall whether they admit Opium as Antidotes against venemous beasts or they consist only in cordial and altering ingredients as Alkermes and the confection of violets or of purging ingredients as Triphera Diaprunum and such like which are oftner called by the names of Electuaries and Confections than Opiates Now Opiates were invented by Physicians of ancient note Gal. Opiatae cur inventae cap. 2. lib. 2. de loc affect Aet c. 12. lib. 2. de sign caus diut morb to leniate the rigour of griefes for griefe being a sad passion Dolor quid grievous to nature and hard to be indured it doth variously exagitate humours corrupt the blood accend a fever and deject the spirits Ejus affectus so that the Physician is sometimes compelled to relinquish the former disease that he may cure this great symptome with these presidies which though they take not away the cause of the disease yet they so refresh the senses and spirits by conciliating ease and sleepe that the strength of the symptomes being debated they may afterwards extrude the causes of the disease more easily The vehemencie therefore of grief is to be deceived Doloris vehementia desperationis interdum parens sometimes with Narcoticall Medicaments which is sometimes so prevalent that it drives men to that Madnesse that they had rather dye than live and therefore lay violent hands upon themselves Galen hath observed Cap. 5. lib. 7. comp med loc such vehehement vexations and torments in Coâ—icall dolours Confectiones Coliâ—ae which might be leniated by severall Medicaments that he described certain Narcoticall Opiates and left them to posterity which he called Colical confections which may mitigate the vehemency of the symptome stay the motion of humours and stupify the senses hence they are called Narcoticall opiates because they bring to the parts a certain necrosy or mortification and they are called Annodyna i. e. grief-absolving Medicines because