Selected quad for the lemma: water_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
water_n	cold_a	hot_a	moist_a	5,078	5	10.3751	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A51660	Malebranch's Search after the truth, or, A treatise of the nature of the humane mind. Vol. II and of its management, for avoiding error in the sciences : to which is added, the authors defence against the accusations of Monsieur de la Ville : also, the life of Father Malebranch, of the oratory of Paris, with an account of his works, and several particulars of his controversie with Monsieur Arnaud Dr. of Sorbonne, and Monsieur Regis, professor in philosophy at Paris, written by Monsieur Le Vasseur, lately come over from Paris / done out of French from the last edition.; Recherche de la vérité. English	Malebranche, Nicolas, 1638-1715.; Sault, Richard, d. 1702.	1695 (1695)	Wing M316; ESTC R39697	381,206	555

of_o sensible_a idea_n there_o be_v hardly_o any_o body_n who_o discover_v that_o they_o be_v equivocal_a aristotle_n and_o the_o ancient_a philosopher_n have_v not_o so_o much_o as_o think_v of_o it_o as_o will_v easy_o be_v grant_v if_o we_o read_v any_o thing_n of_o their_o work_n and_o distinct_o know_v the_o cause_n why_o these_o term_n be_v equivocal_a for_o there_o be_v nothing_o more_o evident_a than_o that_o the_o philosopher_n have_v receive_v the_o contrary_a to_o what_o ought_v to_o be_v believe_v upon_o this_o subject_a for_o instance_n when_o they_o say_v fire_n be_v hot_a grass_n green_a sugar_n sweet_a etc._n etc._n they_o think_v with_o child_n and_o the_o vulgar_a that_o the_o fire_n contain_v what_o they_o feel_v when_o they_o warm_a themselves_o that_o herb_n have_v the_o same_o colour_n upon_o they_o as_o they_o believe_v they_o see_v and_o that_o sugar_n include_v the_o sweetness_n in_o it_o that_o we_o taste_v in_o eat_v and_o so_o of_o all_o thing_n which_o we_o see_v or_o feel_v it_o be_v impossible_a to_o doubt_v of_o this_o if_o we_o read_v their_o write_n they_o speak_v of_o sensible_a quality_n as_o of_o sensation_n they_o take_v heat_n for_o motion_n and_o thus_o because_o of_o the_o equivocation_n of_o term_n they_o confound_v the_o modification_n of_o body_n with_o the_o modification_n of_o spirit_n it_o be_v only_a since_o descartes_n that_o these_o confuse_a and_o indetermine_v question_n whether_o fire_n be_v hot_a herb_n green_a sugar_n sweet_a etc._n etc._n have_v be_v answer_v by_o distinguish_v the_o equivocation_n of_o sensible_a term_n which_o express_v they_o if_o by_o heat_n colour_n taste_v you_o mean_v such_o or_o such_o a_o motion_n of_o insensible_a part_n fire_n be_v hot_a herb_n green_a sugar_n sweet_a etc._n etc._n but_o if_o by_o heat_n and_o the_o other_o quality_n you_o mean_v what_o i_o feel_v near_o the_o fire_n what_o i_o see_v when_o i_o look_v upon_o herb_n etc._n etc._n fire_n be_v not_o hot_a nor_o herb_n green_a etc._n etc._n for_o the_o heat_n that_o we_o feel_v and_o colour_n which_o we_o see_v be_v only_o in_o the_o soul_n as_o i_o have_v prove_v in_o the_o first_o part_n of_o this_o book_n now_o as_o man_n think_v what_o they_o feel_v be_v the_o same_o thing_n as_o what_o be_v real_o in_o the_o object_n they_o think_v they_o have_v a_o right_a to_o judge_v of_o the_o quality_n of_o object_n by_o the_o sensation_n they_o have_v of_o they_o so_o they_o speak_v not_o two_o word_n without_o say_v something_o false_a nor_o ever_o speak_v any_o thing_n upon_o this_o matter_n which_o be_v not_o obscure_a and_o confuse_a as_o many_o follow_a reason_n will_v evince_v the_o first_o because_o all_o man_n have_v not_o the_o same_o sensation_n nor_o one_o man_n at_o different_a time_n or_o when_o he_o feel_v the_o same_o object_n by_o different_a part_n of_o his_o body_n what_o seem_v sweet_a to_o this_o man_n be_v bitter_a to_o another_o what_o be_v cold_a to_o this_o the_o same_o be_v hot_a to_o another_o what_o seem_v hot_a to_o one_o that_o be_v cold_a seem_v cold_a to_o the_o same_o person_n when_o he_o have_v warm_v himself_o or_o if_o he_o feel_v it_o in_o different_a part_n of_o his_o body_n if_o water_n seem_v hot_a to_o one_o hand_n it_o often_o seem_v cold_a to_o the_o other_o or_o to_o some_o part_n near_o the_o heat_n if_o wash_v therewith_o salt_n seem_v savoury_a to_o the_o tongue_n and_o sharp_a to_o a_o wound_n sugar_n seem_v sweet_a to_o the_o mouth_n and_o aloe_n extreme_o bitter_a but_o nothing_o be_v either_o sweet_a or_o bitter_a to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o of_o the_o sense_n so_o that_o when_o we_o say_v such_o a_o thing_n be_v cold_a sweet_a bitter_a it_o determine_v nothing_o certain_o the_o second_o because_o different_a object_n may_v produce_v the_o same_o sensation_n plaster_n bread_n snow_n sugar_n salt_n etc._n etc._n produce_v the_o same_o sensation_n of_o colour_n yet_o their_o whiteness_n be_v different_a if_o we_o judge_v otherwise_o of_o they_o than_o by_o the_o sense_n so_o when_o we_o say_v flower_n be_v white_a we_o say_v nothing_o distinct_o the_o three_o because_o the_o quality_n of_o body_n which_o cause_n in_o we_o sensation_n perfect_o different_a be_v almost_o the_o same_o and_o on_o the_o contrary_a those_o of_o which_o we_o have_v almost_o the_o same_o sensation_n be_v often_o very_o different_a there_o be_v scarce_o any_o difference_n in_o the_o quality_n of_o sweetness_n and_o bitterness_n that_o be_v in_o object_n and_o yet_o the_o sensation_n of_o they_o be_v essential_o different_a the_o motion_n which_o cause_n pain_n or_o titilation_n differ_v only_o as_o to_o the_o more_o or_o less_o and_o yet_o the_o sensation_n of_o titilation_n and_o pain_n be_v essential_o different_a on_o the_o contrary_a the_o sharpness_n of_o fruit_n differ_v not_o so_o much_o from_o bitterness_n as_o sweetness_n do_v and_o yet_o this_o quality_n be_v the_o most_o distant_a from_o bitterness_n that_o can_v be_v since_o it_o be_v requisite_a that_o a_o fruit_n which_o be_v sharp_a because_o it_o be_v too_o green_a must_v receive_v a_o great_a number_n of_o change_n before_o it_o grow_v bitter_a for_o be_v too_o much_o ripe_a or_o rot_a when_o fruit_n be_v too_o ripe_a they_o seem_v sweet_a and_o when_o they_o be_v a_o little_a too_o ripe_a they_o seem_v bitter_a bitterness_n and_o sweetness_n in_o fruit_n differ_v then_o only_o as_o to_o the_o more_o or_o less_o and_o that_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o some_o person_n think_v they_o sweet_a when_o other_o think_v they_o bitter_a for_o some_o there_o be_v who_o think_v aloe_n as_o sweet_a as_o honey_n it_o be_v the_o same_o with_o all_o sensible_a idea_n the_o term_n of_o sweet_a bitter_a salt_n sharp_a sour_a etc._n etc._n of_o red_a green_a yellow_a etc._n etc._n of_o such_o and_o such_o smell_v taste_n colour_n etc._n etc._n be_v therefore_o all_o equivocal_a and_o stir_v up_o no_o clear_a and_o distinct_a idea_n in_o the_o mind_n yet_o school_n philosopher_n and_o the_o vulgar_a judge_v of_o all_o the_o sensible_a quality_n of_o body_n only_o by_o the_o sensation_n they_o receive_v from_o they_o these_o philosopher_n not_o only_o judge_v of_o sensible_a quality_n by_o the_o sensation_n they_o receive_v of_o they_o but_o of_o thing_n by_o a_o consequence_n of_o the_o judgement_n they_o have_v make_v concern_v sensible_a quality_n for_o what_o sensation_n they_o have_v essential_o different_a from_o certain_a quality_n they_o believe_v be_v owe_v to_o a_o generation_n of_o new_a form_n which_o produce_v these_o imaginary_a difference_n of_o quality_n corn_n appear_v yellow_a hard_a etc._n etc._n flower_n white_a soft_a etc._n etc._n and_o from_o thence_o they_o conclude_v from_o the_o relation_n of_o their_o eye_n and_o hand_n that_o these_o be_v body_n essential_o different_a not_o consider_v of_o the_o manner_n whereby_o corn_n be_v change_v into_o flower_n yet_o flower_n be_v only_a corn_n break_v and_o ground_n as_o fire_n be_v only_a wood_n divide_v and_o agitate_a and_o ash_n the_o gross_a part_n of_o the_o wood_n separate_v without_o agitation_n and_o glass_n only_a ash_n whereof_o each_o part_n be_v polish_v and_o make_v a_o little_a round_a by_o the_o attrition_n cause_v by_o fire_n and_o so_o of_o other_o transmutation_n of_o body_n it_o be_v then_o evident_a that_o sensible_a term_n and_o idea_n be_v whole_o useless_a for_o a_o just_a propose_v and_o clear_a resolve_v of_o question_n or_o the_o discovery_n of_o truth_n yet_o be_v there_o no_o question_n however_o perplex_v by_o the_o equivocal_a term_n of_o the_o sense_n but_o aristotle_n and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o philosopher_n pretend_v in_o their_o book_n to_o resolve_v it_o without_o these_o distinction_n that_o we_o have_v give_v not_o consider_v they_o be_v equivocal_a through_o ignorance_n and_o error_n for_o instance_n if_o we_o demand_v of_o those_o who_o have_v pass_v their_o whole_a life_n in_o read_v the_o ancient_a philosopher_n or_o physician_n and_o who_o have_v entire_o espouse_v their_o sentiment_n whether_o water_n be_v moist_a fire_v dry_a wine_n hot_a the_o blood_n of_o fish_n cold_a if_o water_n be_v more_o crude_a than_o wine_n gold_n more_o perfect_a than_o quicksilver_n whether_o plant_n and_o beast_n have_v soul_n and_o a_o thousand_o other_o undetermined_a question_n they_o will_v easy_o answer_v without_o consult_v any_o thing_n but_o the_o impression_n these_o object_n have_v make_v upon_o their_o sense_n or_o what_o their_o memory_n have_v retain_v of_o their_o read_n they_o do_v not_o perceive_v that_o these_o term_n be_v equivocal_a they_o think_v it_o strange_a that_o they_o must_v define_v they_o and_o be_v impatient_a if_o we_o endeavour_v to_o discover_v to_o they_o that_o they_o go_v a_o little_a too_o fast_o and_o that_o their_o sense_n be_v deceive_v they_o will_v make_v distinction_n

thing_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n and_o be_v not_o easy_o contain_v in_o its_o own_o limit_n but_o in_o that_o of_o other_o water_n be_v a_o cold_a and_o moist_a element_n which_o gather_v thing_n together_o both_o of_o the_o same_o and_o of_o a_o different_a nature_n which_o be_v hot_a easy_o contain_v within_o its_o own_o bound_n but_o in_o that_o of_o other_o and_o in_o fine_a the_o earth_n cold_a and_o dry_a and_o therefore_o collect_v thing_n of_o the_o same_o and_o of_o a_o different_a nature_n which_o be_v not_o easy_o contain_v in_o its_o own_o bound_n and_o very_o difficult_o in_o that_o of_o other_o here_o the_o element_n be_v explain_v according_a to_o the_o sentiment_n of_o aristotle_n or_o according_a to_o the_o definition_n he_o have_v give_v of_o their_o chief_a quality_n and_o because_o if_o we_o will_v believe_v he_o the_o element_n be_v simple_a body_n whereof_o all_o other_o be_v compound_v the_o knowledge_n of_o these_o element_n and_o their_o quality_n must_v be_v most_o clear_a and_o distinct_a since_o all_o physics_n or_o the_o knowledge_n of_o sensible_a body_n which_o be_v compose_v of_o they_o aught_o to_o be_v deduce_v from_o thence_o let_v we_o see_v then_o what_o be_v defective_a in_o these_o principle_n first_o aristotle_n join_v no_o distinct_a idea_n to_o the_o word_n quality_n we_o know_v not_o whether_o by_o quality_n he_o mean_v a_o real_a be_v distinct_a from_o matter_n or_o only_o the_o modification_n of_o matter_n it_o seem_v sometime_o as_o if_o he_o mean_v it_o in_o one_o sense_n and_o sometime_o in_o another_o it_o be_v true_a in_o the_o eight_o chapter_n of_o category_n he_o define_v quality_n to_o be_v that_o which_o cause_v a_o thing_n to_o have_v such_o or_o such_o a_o name_n but_o that_o will_v not_o satisfy_v our_o demand_n second_o the_o definition_n he_o give_v of_o his_o four_o first_o quality_n heat_v cold_a moist_a and_o dry_v be_v all_o false_a or_o useless_a this_o be_v his_o definition_n of_o heat_n heat_n be_v that_o which_o assemble_v thing_n of_o a_o like_a nature_n first_o we_o do_v not_o see_v that_o this_o definition_n perfect_o explain_v the_o nature_n of_o heat_n although_o it_o shall_v be_v true_a that_o heat_n collect_v all_o thing_n of_o the_o same_o nature_n but_o second_o it_o be_v false_a for_o heat_n do_v not_o collect_v all_o thing_n of_o the_o same_o nature_n heat_n do_v not_o assemble_v the_o part_n of_o water_n it_o rather_o dissipate_v they_o into_o a_o vapour_n nor_o do_v it_o assemble_v the_o particle_n of_o wine_n or_o those_o of_o all_o other_o liquor_n or_o fluid_a body_n whatever_o nor_o even_o those_o of_o quicksilver_n on_o the_o contrary_a it_o resolve_v and_o separate_v all_o solid_a body_n and_o even_o fluids_n although_o of_o a_o different_a nature_n and_o if_o there_o be_v any_o who_o part_n fire_n can_v dissipate_v it_o be_v not_o because_o they_o be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n but_o because_o some_o be_v too_o gross_a and_o too_o solid_a to_o be_v raise_v by_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o part_n of_o fire_n in_o the_o three_o place_n heat_v indeed_o can_v neither_o assemble_v nor_o dissipate_v the_o part_n of_o any_o body_n whether_o homogeneous_a or_o heterogeneous_a for_o to_o assemble_v to_o separate_v or_o dissipate_v the_o part_n of_o any_o body_n it_o must_v move_v they_o now_o heat_n can_v move_v nothing_o or_o at_o least_o it_o be_v not_o evident_a that_o heat_n can_v move_v body_n for_o although_o we_o consider_v heat_n with_o all_o the_o attention_n possible_a we_o can_v only_o discover_v that_o it_o may_v communicate_v to_o body_n a_o motion_n which_o it_o have_v not_o in_o itself_o yet_o we_o see_v that_o fire_n move_v and_o separate_v the_o part_n of_o body_n that_o be_v expose_v to_o it_o it_o be_v true_a but_o it_o may_v be_v it_o be_v not_o from_o its_o heat_n for_o even_o it_o be_v not_o evident_a that_o it_o have_v any_o at_o all_o it_o be_v rather_o by_o the_o action_n of_o its_o part_n which_o be_v visible_o in_o a_o continual_a motion_n it_o be_v plain_a that_o the_o part_n of_o fire_n which_o strike_v against_o any_o body_n must_v communicate_v a_o part_n of_o their_o motion_n to_o it_o whether_o there_o be_v heat_n in_o fire_n or_o not_o if_o the_o part_n of_o this_o body_n be_v but_o a_o little_a solid_a and_o gross_a the_o fire_n can_v move_v they_o and_o make_v they_o slip_v one_o upon_o another_o in_o short_a if_o they_o be_v a_o mixture_n of_o subtle_a and_o gross_a one_o the_o fire_n can_v only_o dissipate_v those_o that_o it_o can_v push_v strong_a enough_o to_o separate_v entire_o from_o the_o rest_n thus_o fire_n can_v only_o separate_v they_o and_o if_o it_o assemble_v they_o it_o be_v mere_o by_o accident_n but_o aristotle_n pretend_v quite_o the_o contrary_n separation_n say_v he_o which_o some_o attribute_n to_o fire_n be_v only_o a_o resemble_v of_o thing_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n 2._o de_fw-fr gen_fw-la &_o corr_n l._n 2._o c._n 2._o for_o it_o be_v only_o by_o accident_n that_o fire_n dissipate_v thing_n of_o a_o different_a kind_n if_o aristotle_n have_v at_o first_o distinguish_v the_o sentiment_n of_o heat_n from_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o particle_n whereof_o the_o body_n we_o call_v heat_n be_v compose_v and_o have_v afterward_o define_v heat_v take_v for_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o part_n by_o say_v heat_n be_v that_o which_o agitate_v and_o separate_v the_o invisible_a part_n whereof_o visible_a body_n be_v compose_v he_o will_v have_v give_v a_o tolerable_a definition_n of_o heat_n nevertheless_o it_o will_v not_o perfect_o have_v content_v we_o because_o it_o will_v not_o precise_o have_v discover_v to_o we_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o hot_a body_n aristotle_n define_v coldness_n to_o be_v that_o which_o assemble_v body_n of_o the_o same_o or_o of_o a_o different_a nature_n this_o definition_n be_v good_a for_o nothing_o for_o it_o be_v false_a that_o cold_a assemble_v body_n to_o assemble_v they_o it_o must_v move_v they_o but_o if_o we_o consult_v reason_n it_o be_v evident_a cold_a can_v move_v nothing_o in_o effect_n by_o cold_a he_o mean_v either_o what_o we_o feel_v when_o we_o be_v cold_a or_o that_o which_o cause_v the_o sensation_n of_o cold._n now_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o the_o sensation_n of_o cold_a can_v move_v nothing_o since_o it_o can_v push_v nothing_o what_o it_o be_v that_o cause_n sensation_n we_o can_v doubt_v when_o we_o examine_v thing_n by_o our_o reason_n for_o it_o be_v only_a rest_n or_o a_o cessation_n from_o motion_n so_o cold_a in_o body_n be_v only_o a_o cessation_n from_o this_o sort_n of_o motion_n which_o accompany_v heat_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o if_o heat_n separate_v yet_o cold_a do_v not_o thus_o cold_a assemble_v neither_o thing_n that_o be_v of_o a_o like_a or_o different_a nature_n for_o what_o can_v push_v nothing_o can_v assemble_v nothing_o in_o a_o word_n as_o it_o do_v nothing_o it_o collect_v nothing_o aristotle_n judge_v of_o thing_n by_o the_o sense_n imagine_v cold_a be_v also_o positive_a as_o well_o as_o heat_n because_o the_o sensation_n of_o heat_n and_o cold_a be_v both_o real_a and_o positive_a and_o he_o also_o think_v that_o these_o two_o quality_n be_v active_a and_o indeed_o if_o we_o follow_v the_o impression_n of_o our_o sense_n we_o have_v reason_n to_o believe_v that_o cold_a be_v a_o very_a active_a quality_n since_o cold_a water_n congeal_v reassemble_v and_o in_o a_o moment_n harden_v melt_v gold_n or_o lead_n after_o a_o little_a be_v pour_v upon_o they_o although_o the_o heat_n of_o these_o metal_n be_v great_a enough_o to_o separate_v the_o part_n of_o any_o body_n they_o touch_v it_o be_v evident_a by_o what_o we_o have_v say_v of_o the_o error_n of_o the_o sense_n in_o the_o first_o book_n that_o if_o we_o rely_v only_o upon_o the_o sense_n to_o judge_v of_o the_o quality_n of_o sensible_a body_n it_o be_v impossible_a to_o discover_v any_o certain_a and_o undoubted_a truth_n which_o can_v serve_v as_o a_o principle_n to_o assist_v we_o in_o the_o knowledge_n of_o nature_n for_o by_o this_o method_n only_o we_o can_v discover_v what_o thing_n be_v hot_a and_o what_o cold_a for_o of_o many_o person_n who_o shall_v touch_v water_n that_o be_v lukewarm_a some_o of_o they_o will_v think_v it_o hot_a and_o other_o cold_a those_o that_o be_v of_o a_o hot_a constitution_n will_v think_v it_o cold_a and_o those_o that_o be_v of_o a_o cold_a will_v think_v it_o hot_a and_o if_o we_o suppose_v fish_n capable_a of_o sensation_n it_o be_v very_o probable_a they_o will_v think_v it_o hot_a when_o all_o man_n think_v it_o cold_a it_o be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o air_n it_o seem_v hot_a or_o cold_a according_a to_o the_o different_a disposition_n of_o the_o body_n that_o be_v expose_v

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be_v easy_o contain_v in_o its_o own_o limit_n but_o easy_o in_o the_o limit_n of_o other_o certain_o it_o be_v a_o very_a useful_a rule_n to_o discover_v if_o we_o have_v define_v term_n well_o and_o not_o to_o deceive_v ourselves_o in_o our_o reason_n only_o often_o to_o put_v the_o definition_n in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o thing_n define_v for_o by_o that_o mean_v we_o know_v whether_o the_o term_n be_v equivocal_a and_o the_o measure_n of_o the_o relation_n false_a and_o imperfect_a or_o if_o we_o reason_v consequent_o this_o be_v grant_v what_o can_v we_o say_v of_o the_o argument_n of_o aristotle_n which_o become_v a_o impertinent_a and_o ridiculous_a piece_n of_o nonsense_n when_o we_o make_v use_v of_o this_o rule_n and_o what_o must_v we_o say_v likewise_o of_o all_o those_o that_o reason_n

element_n not_o be_v clear_o know_v it_o be_v impossible_a to_o discover_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o body_n which_o be_v compose_v of_o they_o this_o philosopher_n say_v true_a that_o there_o be_v four_o element_n fire_n air_n water_n and_o earth_n but_o he_o do_v not_o clear_o know_v the_o nature_n of_o they_o he_o give_v no_o distinct_a idea_n of_o they_o nay_o he_o will_v not_o have_v his_o element_n to_o be_v compose_v of_o the_o fire_n air_n water_n and_o earth_n that_o we_o see_v for_o in_o short_a if_o it_o be_v so_o we_o shall_v at_o least_o have_v some_o knowledge_n of_o they_o by_o our_o sense_n it_o be_v true_a in_o many_o place_n of_o his_o work_n he_o endeavour_v to_o explain_v they_o by_o the_o quality_n of_o heat_n and_o cold_a humidity_n and_o dryness_n weight_n and_o lightness_n but_o this_o manner_n of_o explication_n be_v so_o impertinent_a and_o ridiculous_a that_o i_o can_v conceive_v how_o so_o many_o learned_a man_n shall_v be_v satisfy_v with_o it_o it_o be_v 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light_a of_o itself_o since_o it_o fall_v down_o when_o it_o be_v in_o the_o air_n but_o because_o the_o water_n which_o be_v more_o heavy_a make_v it_o ascend_v and_o bear_v it_o up_o if_o on_o the_o contrary_a we_o shall_v object_v to_o one_o who_o will_v maintain_v that_o all_o body_n be_v natural_o light_a that_o earth_n and_o water_n be_v heavy_a he_o will_v likewise_o answer_v that_o these_o body_n seem_v heavy_a because_o they_o be_v not_o so_o light_a as_o other_o which_o surround_v they_o that_o wood_n for_o instance_n seem_v heavy_a in_o the_o air_n not_o because_o it_o be_v heavy_a since_o it_o swim_v when_o it_o be_v in_o the_o water_n but_o because_o it_o be_v not_o so_o light_a as_o air._n it_o be_v therefore_o ridiculous_a to_o suppose_v these_o principle_n indisputable_a that_o body_n be_v heavy_a or_o light_a in_o their_o own_o nature_n on_o the_o contrary_a it_o be_v plain_a that_o all_o body_n have_v not_o the_o power_n of_o motion_n in_o themselves_o and_o that_o it_o be_v indifferent_a to_o they_o whether_o they_o be_v move_v upward_o or_o downward_o east_n or_o west_n north_n or_o south_n or_o any_o other_o way_n we_o can_v conceive_v but_o if_o according_a to_o aristotle_n there_o be_v four_o element_n such_o as_o he_o wish_v they_o to_o be_v two_o natural_o heavy_a and_o two_o naturally_n light_n viz._n fire_n air_n earth_n and_o water_n what_o consequence_n can_v we_o draw_v from_o thence_o to_o discover_v the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o universe_n these_o four_o element_n be_v not_o such_o fire_n air_n water_n and_o earth_n as_o we_o see_v they_o be_v quite_o different_a we_o know_v they_o not_o by_o our_o sense_n and_o still_o less_o by_o reason_n because_o we_o have_v no_o distinct_a idea_n of_o they_o i_o mean_v we_o know_v all_o natural_a body_n be_v compose_v of_o they_o since_o aristotle_n have_v say_v it_o but_o the_o nature_n of_o these_o compound_a body_n be_v unknown_a to_o we_o and_o we_o can_v discover_v they_o but_o by_o know_v the_o four_o element_n or_o simple_a body_n which_o compose_v they_o for_o we_o know_v the_o compound_n only_o by_o the_o simple_a fire_n aristotle_n say_v be_v natural_o light_a the_o ascend_a motion_n be_v simple_a therefore_o fire_n be_v a_o simple_a body_n since_o motion_n must_v be_v proportion_v to_o what_o it_o move_v natural_a body_n be_v compound_v of_o simple_a body_n therefore_o there_o be_v fire_n in_o all_o natural_a body_n but_o a_o fire_n which_o be_v not_o like_a to_o that_o we_o see_v for_o fire_n be_v often_o only_o in_o power_n in_o body_n which_o be_v compound_v of_o it_o what_o be_v it_o these_o periparetick_n discourse_v teach_v we_o that_o there_o be_v fire_n in_o all_o body_n either_o actual_a or_o potential_a that_o all_o body_n be_v compose_v of_o something_o which_o we_o do_v not_o see_v and_o who_o nature_n we_o be_v unacquainted_a with_o we_o see_v then_o that_o here_o be_v very_o much_o advance_v but_o if_o aristotle_n do_v not_o discover_v to_o we_o the_o nature_n of_o fire_n and_o the_o other_o element_n of_o which_o all_o body_n be_v compose_v probable_o we_o may_v imagine_v he_o have_v discover_v at_o least_o the_o chief_a quality_n and_o property_n of_o they_o we_o shall_v further_o examine_v what_o he_o say_v thereof_o he_o declare_v to_o we_o there_o be_v four_o principal_a quality_n which_o belong_v to_o the_o sense_n of_o feeling_n corrupu_o l._n 2._o c._n 2_o 3._o de_fw-fr gen_fw-la &_o corrupu_o heat_n cold_a moist_a and_o dry_a of_o which_o all_o other_o be_v compose_v in_o this_o manner_n he_o distribute_v these_o first_o quality_n to_o the_o four_o element_n to_o the_o fire_n he_o give_v heat_n and_o dryness_n to_o the_o air_n heat_v and_o moistness_n to_o the_o water_n coldness_n and_o humidity_n and_o to_o the_o earth_n coldness_n and_o dryness_n 2._o chap._n 2._o he_o affirm_v heat_n and_o cold_a to_o be_v active_a quality_n and_o dryness_n and_o humidity_n to_o be_v passive_a one_o he_o thus_o define_v heat_n that_o what_o collect_v thing_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n cold_a which_o assemble_v all_o thing_n either_o of_o the_o same_o or_o of_o a_o different_a kind_n moisture_n that_o which_o be_v not_o easy_o contain_v in_o its_o own_o bound_n but_o in_o foreign_a limit_n and_o dryness_n that_o which_o be_v easy_o contain_v in_o its_o own_o bound_n and_o not_o easy_o in_o the_o limit_n of_o the_o body_n that_o be_v about_o it_o thus_o according_a to_o aristotle_n fire_n be_v a_o hot_a and_o dry_a element_n it_o be_v therefore_o a_o element_n which_o collect_v thing_n of_o the_o same_o nature_n which_o be_v easy_o contain_v within_o its_o own_o limit_n and_o difficult_o in_o the_o limit_n of_o foreign_a body_n the_o air_n be_v a_o hot_a and_o moist_a element_n and_o therefore_o assemble_v

of_o wood_n be_v push_v more_o by_o the_o water_n to_o the_o side_n of_o a_o than_o to_o the_o side_n of_o b_o therefore_o it_o must_v always_o advance_v towards_o it_o and_o because_o this_o impulsion_n be_v continual_a its_o motion_n must_v always_o increase_v but_o as_o i_o have_v already_o say_v the_o water_n be_v so_o far_o from_o facilitate_v its_o motion_n that_o it_o continual_o resist_v it_o and_o its_o resistance_n always_o diminish_v it_o and_o at_o last_o will_v make_v it_o perfect_o cease_v we_o must_v now_o prove_v that_o the_o piece_n of_o wood_n that_o be_v equal_o push_v by_o the_o little_a particle_n of_o the_o water_n that_o surround_v it_o have_v no_o motion_n or_o power_n at_o all_o that_o be_v capable_a to_o move_v it_o although_o it_o continual_o change_v its_o place_n and_o though_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n which_o encompass_n it_o be_v different_a at_o different_a time_n for_o if_o it_o be_v so_o that_o a_o body_n equal_o push_v on_o all_o side_n as_o this_o piece_n of_o wood_n be_v have_v no_o motion_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o it_o be_v only_o the_o foreign_a force_n that_o strike_v against_o it_o which_o communicate_v it_o since_o in_o the_o same_o time_n that_o this_o foreign_a force_n push_v it_o the_o water_n resist_v it_o and_o by_o little_a and_o little_o destroy_v the_o motion_n which_o be_v impress_v on_o it_o for_o by_o degree_n it_o cease_v to_o move_v it_o be_v certain_a at_o least_o to_o those_o who_o i_o speak_v to_o that_o there_o never_o be_v in_o nature_n more_o motion_n at_o one_o time_n than_o at_o another_o and_o that_o body_n in_o rest_n be_v move_v only_o by_o meet_v with_o some_o agitate_a body_n which_o communicate_v their_o motion_n to_o they_o from_o thence_o i_o conclude_v that_o a_o body_n which_o i_o suppose_v create_v perfect_o at_o rest_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o water_n will_v never_o receive_v any_o degree_n of_o motion_n from_o the_o little_a particle_n of_o water_n which_o surround_v it_o and_o continual_o strike_v against_o it_o provide_v they_o push_v it_o equal_o on_o all_o side_n because_o all_o these_o little_a particle_n which_o strike_v against_o it_o equal_o on_o all_o side_n reflect_v with_o all_o their_o motion_n they_o communicate_v none_o to_o it_o and_o consequent_o this_o body_n must_v always_o be_v consider_v as_o in_o rest_n and_o without_o any_o move_a power_n although_o it_o continual_o change_v its_o surface_n now_o the_o proof_n i_o have_v that_o these_o little_a part_n reflect_v thus_o with_o all_o their_o motion_n be_v that_o beside_o this_o that_o we_o can_v conceive_v the_o thing_n to_o be_v otherwise_o the_o water_n that_o touch_v this_o body_n must_v grow_v cold_a or_o even_o freeze_v and_o become_v very_o near_o as_o hard_o as_o the_o wood_n upon_o its_o surface_n since_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o particle_n of_o water_n will_v be_v equal_o distribute_v to_o the_o little_a part_n of_o the_o body_n they_o encompass_v but_o to_o accommodate_v myself_o to_o those_o that_o defend_v descartes_n sentiment_n i_o grant_v we_o must_v not_o consider_v a_o boat_n in_o the_o water_n as_o in_o rest_n i_o also_o allow_v that_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o water_n which_o be_v about_o it_o agree_v to_o the_o new_a motion_n that_o the_o waterman_n imprint_n on_o it_o although_o it_o be_v but_o too_o visible_a by_o the_o diminution_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o boat_n that_o it_o resist_v it_o more_o on_o the_o side_n it_o go_v to_o than_o from_o that_o whence_o it_o be_v push_v this_o suppose_a i_o say_v that_o from_o all_o the_o particle_n of_o water_n that_o be_v in_o the_o river_n there_o be_v according_a to_o descartes_n only_o those_o that_o immediate_o touch_v the_o boat_n on_o the_o side_n from_o whence_o it_o be_v push_v that_o can_v assist_v its_o motion_n 63._o art_n 63._o for_o according_a to_o this_o philosopher_n the_o water_n be_v fluid_a all_o the_o part_n of_o which_o it_o be_v compose_v act_n not_o together_o against_o the_o body_n we_o will_v move_v but_o only_o those_o that_o touch_v it_o conjoint_o bear_v upon_o it_o now_o those_o which_o be_v conjoint_o bear_v upon_o the_o boat_n and_o the_o waterman_n together_o be_v twenty_o time_n less_o than_o the_o boat_n principle_n see_v art_n 63._o of_o the_o second_o part_n of_o his_o principle_n it_o be_v therefore_o plain_a by_o the_o explanation_n that_o decartes_n have_v give_v in_o this_o article_n upon_o the_o difficulty_n we_o have_v to_o break_v a_o nail_n between_o our_o hand_n that_o a_o little_a body_n be_v capable_a of_o agitate_v a_o much_o great_a than_o itself_o for_o indeed_o our_o hand_n be_v not_o so_o fluid_a as_o water_n and_o when_o we_o will_v break_v a_o nail_n there_o be_v more_o part_n join_v together_o which_o act_n conjoint_o then_o in_o the_o water_n which_o push_v a_o boat_n but_o here_o be_v a_o more_o sensible_a experiment_n if_o we_o take_v a_o board_n well_o plain_v or_o some_o other_o very_o hard_a plane_n drive_v in_o it_o a_o nail_n halfway_n and_o set_v the_o plane_n in_o a_o incline_a position_n place_v a_o bar_n of_o iron_n a_o hundred_o time_n thick_a than_o the_o nail_n above_o it_o and_o suffer_v the_o bar_n to_o slide_v down_o i_o say_v this_o nail_n will_v not_o break_v and_o we_o must_v further_o observe_v that_o according_a to_o descartes_n all_o the_o part_n of_o this_o bar_n rest_n upon_o and_o conjoint_o act_v upon_o this_o nail_n for_o this_o bar_n be_v hard_a and_o solid_a if_o then_o there_o be_v no_o other_o cement_n than_o rest_n to_o unite_v the_o part_n of_o this_o nail_n the_o bar_n of_o iron_n be_v a_o hundred_o time_n great_a than_o the_o nail_n 50._o art_n 63._o art_n 50._o will_v according_a to_o descartes_n five_o rule_n and_o according_a to_o reason_n communicate_v some_o of_o its_o motion_n to_o the_o part_n of_o the_o nail_n it_o fall_v upon_o that_o be_v break_v it_o and_o pass_v beyond_o it_o although_o even_o this_o bar_n shall_v slide_v but_o very_o slow_o so_o that_o we_o must_v seek_v another_o cause_n than_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o part_n to_o make_v body_n hard_a or_o capable_a of_o resist_v the_o effort_n that_o we_o make_v when_o we_o will_v break_v they_o since_o rest_n have_v no_o power_n to_o resist_v motion_n and_o i_o believe_v these_o experiment_n suffice_v to_o show_v that_o the_o abstract_a proof_n we_o have_v bring_v be_v not_o false_a we_o must_v then_o examine_v the_o three_o thing_n we_o have_v before_o suppose_v may_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o strict_a union_n that_o be_v find_v between_o the_o part_n of_o hard_a body_n viz._n a_o invisible_a matter_n that_o environ_n they_o which_o be_v extreme_o agitate_a with_o much_o violence_n push_v the_o external_n and_o internal_a part_n of_o these_o body_n and_o compress_n they_o after_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o to_o separate_v they_o more_o force_n be_v necessary_a than_o this_o invisible_a and_o extreme_o agitate_a matter_n have_v it_o seem_v than_o i_o may_v reasonable_o conclude_v that_o the_o union_n of_o the_o constituent_a part_n of_o hard_a body_n depend_v upon_o the_o subtle_a matter_n which_o encompass_n and_o compress_n they_o since_o the_o two_o other_o thing_n that_o we_o can_v think_v to_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o union_n be_v not_o true_o so_o as_o we_o have_v already_o see_v for_o since_o i_o find_v resistance_n enough_o in_o break_v a_o piece_n of_o iron_n and_o that_o this_o resistance_n proceed_v neither_o from_o the_o iron_n nor_o the_o will_n of_o god_n as_o i_o think_v i_o have_v prove_v it_o must_v necessary_o proceed_v from_o some_o invisible_a matter_n which_o can_v be_v no_o other_o than_o that_o which_o immediate_o encompass_n and_o compress_n it_o nevertheless_o i_o shall_v further_o give_v some_o positive_a proof_n of_o this_o opinion_n after_o i_o have_v explain_v it_o more_o at_o large_a by_o some_o example_n take_v a_o globe_n of_o any_o hard_a metal_n which_o be_v hollow_a within_o cut_v it_o into_o two_o hemisphere_n and_o join_v these_o two_o hemisphere_n with_o a_o little_a wax_n at_o the_o place_n of_o their_o union_n and_o exhaust_v the_o air_n out_o of_o it_o these_o two_o hemisphere_n join_v one_o to_o the_o other_o after_o this_o manner_n if_o many_o horse_n be_v fasten_v to_o they_o some_o on_o one_o side_n and_o some_o on_o the_o other_o can_v not_o be_v separate_v by_o they_o suppose_v the_o magnitude_n of_o the_o hemisphere_n to_o be_v in_o proportion_n to_o the_o number_n of_o horse_n yet_o if_o we_o suffer_v the_o air_n to_o re-enter_v one_o person_n alone_o can_v separate_v they_o without_o any_o difficulty_n it_o be_v easy_a to_o conclude_v from_o this_o instance_n that_o what_o so_o strong_o unite_v these_o two_o hemisphere_n proceed_v from_o their_o be_v compress_v and_o surround_v