effect_n the_o relation_n here_o mean_v be_v afford_v we_o by_o the_o follow_a passage_n take_v out_o of_o the_o voyage_n of_o mounseur_fw-fr de_fw-fr mont_n into_o new-france_n whereof_o he_o go_v to_o be_v governor_n where_o the_o relator_n thus_o recite_v his_o observation_n about_o the_o eighteen_o day_n of_o june_n we_o find_v the_o sea-water_n during_o three_o day_n space_n very_o warm_a and_o by_o the_o same_o warmth_n our_o wine_n also_o be_v warm_a in_o the_o bottom_n of_o our_o ship_n yet_o the_o air_n be_v no_o hot_a than_o before_o and_o the_o 21_o of_o the_o say_a month_n quite_o contrary_a we_o be_v 2_o or_o 3_o day_n so_o much_o compass_v with_o mist_n and_o cold_a that_o we_o think_v ourselves_o to_o be_v in_o the_o month_n of_o january_n and_o the_o water_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v extreme_a cold_a which_o continue_v with_o we_o until_o we_o come_v upon_o the_o bank_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o say_a mist_n which_o outward_o do_v procure_v this_o cold_a unto_o we_o this_o effect_n he_o attribute_n to_o a_o kind_n of_o antiperistasis_n in_o the_o follow_a part_n of_o his_o narrative_a which_o i_o shall_v not_o now_o either_o transcribe_v or_o examine_v chap._n 3_o and_o thus_o much_o be_v brief_o note_v touch_v the_o upper_a region_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o requisite_a caution_n that_o may_v perhaps_o extend_v further_o than_o it_o be_v premise_v it_o remain_v that_o i_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o temperature_n of_o the_o low_a region_n which_o in_o one_o word_n be_v cold_a unless_o in_o some_o few_o place_n to_o be_v present_o mention_v for_o water_n be_v in_o its_o natural_a or_o most_o ordinary_a state_n a_o liquor_n who_o part_n be_v more_o slow_o agitate_a then_o those_o of_o man_n organ_n of_o feel_v must_v be_v upon_o that_o account_n cold_a as_o to_o sense_n and_o consequent_o it_o need_v not_o be_v strange_a that_o those_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v too_o remote_a to_o be_v sensible_o agitate_a by_o the_o sunbeam_n or_o wrought_v upon_o by_o the_o warmth_n which_o the_o air_n and_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n may_v from_o other_o cause_n receive_v shall_v be_v feel_v cold_a by_o those_o that_o descend_v into_o it_o unless_o in_o those_o few_o place_n where_o the_o coldness_n may_v be_v either_o expel_v or_o allay_v by_o hot_a spring_n or_o subterrestrial_a exhalation_n flow_v or_o ascend_v from_o the_o subjacent_a earth_n or_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o shore_n into_o the_o incumbent_n or_o adjacent_a part_n of_o the_o water_n to_o justify_v my_o ascribe_v of_o this_o coldness_n to_o the_o second_o or_o low_a region_n of_o the_o sea_n i_o shall_v now_o subjoin_v some_o relation_n i_o procure_v from_o person_n that_o have_v occasion_n to_o go_v down_o into_o it_o or_o otherways_o take_v notice_n of_o its_o temperature_n in_o very_a differ_a region_n of_o the_o world_n and_o at_o very_o unequal_a depth_n and_o first_o as_o to_o the_o temperature_n of_o the_o low_a region_n in_o the_o northern_a sea_n i_o have_v the_o opportunity_n to_o converse_v often_o and_o sometime_o to_o oblige_v a_o man_n bold_a and_o curious_a enough_o who_o for_o some_o year_n get_v the_o best_a part_n of_o his_o subsistence_n by_o descend_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o a_o engine_n who_o structure_n i_o elsewhere_o describe_v to_o seek_v for_o and_o recover_v good_n lose_v in_o shipwrack_v vessel_n this_o person_n i_o diligent_o examine_v about_o divers_a submarine_n phaenomena_n about_o which_o his_o answer_n may_v be_v elsewhere_o meet_v with_o and_o as_o to_o the_o temperature_n of_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o sea_n the_o knowledge_n of_o which_o be_v that_o alone_a that_o concern_v we_o in_o this_o place_n he_o several_a time_n complain_v to_o i_o of_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o deep_a water_n which_o keep_v he_o from_o be_v able_a to_o stay_v in_o it_o so_o long_o as_o he_o may_v have_v be_v put_v into_o a_o condition_n of_o do_v by_o the_o goodness_n of_o his_o engine_n for_o i_o remember_v that_o he_o relate_v to_o i_o that_o he_o stay_v once_o betwixt_o a_o hour_n or_o two_o at_o a_o depth_n that_o be_v no_o great_a than_o 14_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a upon_o the_o coast_n of_o sweden_n in_o a_o place_n that_o be_v near_o the_o shore_n and_o i_o afterward_o learn_v that_o he_o stay_v much_o long_o in_o a_o deep_a place_n use_n have_v probable_o make_v the_o cold_a more_o supportable_a to_o he_o he_o tell_v i_o then_o that_o about_o two_o year_n before_o he_o be_v engage_v by_o a_o good_a reward_n to_o go_v down_o with_o his_o engine_n to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n to_o fetch_v up_o some_o good_n of_o value_n out_o of_o a_o ship_n that_o have_v be_v cast_v away_o there_o within_o about_o a_o mile_n distance_n from_o a_o very_a little_a island_n and_o if_o i_o mistake_v not_o about_o 6_o mile_n from_o the_o shore_n he_o far_o answer_v i_o that_o though_o he_o feel_v it_o not_o at_o all_o cold_a on_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n his_o attempt_n be_v make_v in_o june_n yet_o about_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o ship_n it_o be_v so_o very_o cold_a that_o he_o feel_v it_o not_o so_o cold_a in_o england_n winter_n and_o frosty_a weather_n and_o he_o tell_v i_o that_o a_o excessive_a cold_a be_v there_o feel_v not_o only_o by_o he_o but_o by_o very_o sturdy_a man_n who_o invite_v by_o his_o example_n will_v needs_o also_o go_v down_o themselves_o to_o participate_v and_o promote_v the_o hope_v for_o discovery_n he_o tell_v i_o also_o that_o the_o upper_a water_n do_v but_o cool_a and_o refresh_v he_o but_o the_o deep_a he_o go_v the_o cold_o he_o feel_v it_o which_o be_v the_o more_o considerable_a because_o he_o have_v some_o time_n occasion_n to_o stay_v at_o 10_o fathom_n or_o even_o 80_o foot_n under_o water_n and_o i_o since_o find_v that_o he_o inform_v divers_a virtuoso_n that_o purposely_o consult_v he_o that_o he_o find_v the_o coldness_n of_o the_o water_n increase_v with_o its_o depth_n and_o give_v that_o for_o the_o reason_n why_o he_o can_v not_o stay_v so_o many_o hour_n as_o otherwise_o he_o may_v at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n add_v that_o before_o his_o engine_n be_v well_o fit_v he_o be_v once_o so_o cover_v over_o with_o it_o that_o he_o be_v force_v to_o touch_v the_o ground_n with_o his_o hand_n and_o foot_n and_o the_o neighbour_a part_n to_o which_o he_o find_v a_o coldness_n communicate_v by_o the_o fundus_fw-la he_o lean_v upon_o though_o the_o closeness_n of_o his_o disorder_a engine_n make_v the_o other_o and_o whilst_o he_o be_v in_o that_o posture_n upper_a part_n of_o his_o body_n of_o a_o very_a differ_a temper_n a_o inquisitive_a person_n of_o my_o acquaintance_n that_o make_v a_o long_a stay_n in_o the_o northern_a america_n at_o about_o two_o or_o three_o and_o forty_o degree_n of_o latitude_n and_o divert_v himself_o often_o with_o swim_v under_o water_n answer_v i_o that_o though_o he_o scarce_o remember_v himself_o to_o have_v dive_v above_o two_o fathom_n beneath_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o sea_n yet_o even_o at_o that_o small_a depth_n he_o observe_v the_o water_n to_o increase_v in_o coldness_n the_o low_a he_o descend_v into_o it_o which_o argue_v that_o though_o the_o sunbeam_n do_v often_o penetrate_v plentiful_o enough_o to_o carry_v light_n to_o a_o great_a depth_n under_o water_n yet_o they_o do_v not_o always_o carry_v with_o they_o a_o sensible_a heat_n and_o that_o at_o least_o in_o some_o place_n the_o upper_a region_n of_o the_o sea_n reach_v but_o a_o little_a way_n the_o coldness_n of_o the_o climate_n in_o these_o western_a part_n of_o europe_n and_o the_o want_n of_o considerable_a inducement_n to_o invite_v man_n to_o dive_v often_o to_o any_o great_a depth_n into_o our_o sea_n have_v keep_v i_o from_o be_v able_a to_o procure_v many_o observation_n about_o the_o temperature_n of_o their_o low_a region_n but_o upon_o the_o hot_a coast_n of_o africa_n and_o the_o east-indies_n the_o frequent_a invitation_n man_n have_v to_o dive_v for_o coral_n pearl_n and_o other_o submarine_n production_n have_v make_v it_o possible_a for_o i_o to_o get_v more_o numerous_a observation_n some_o of_o which_o i_o shall_v now_o annex_v chap._n 4._o meet_v with_o a_o person_n of_o quality_n who_o have_v be_v present_a at_o the_o sish_n of_o coral_n upon_o the_o shore_n of_o africa_n and_o who_o be_v himself_o practise_v in_o dive_v i_o inquire_v of_o he_o whether_o he_o find_v the_o sea_n upon_o the_o african_a coast_n to_o be_v much_o cold_a at_o a_o good_a depth_n then_o near_o the_o surface_n whereto_o he_o answer_v i_o that_o though_o he_o have_v seldom_o dive_v above_o three_o or_o four_o fathom_n deep_a yet_o at_o that_o depth_n he_o find_v it_o so_o much_o
cold_a than_o near_o the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n that_o he_o can_v not_o well_o endure_v the_o coldness_n of_o it_o and_o when_o i_o far_o ask_v he_o whether_o when_o he_o be_v let_v down_o to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o a_o great_a dive_v bell_n as_o he_o tell_v i_o he_o have_v be_v he_o feel_v it_o very_o cold_a though_o the_o water_n can_v not_o come_v immediate_o to_o touch_v he_o he_o reply_v that_o when_o the_o bell_n come_v first_o to_o the_o ground_n he_o find_v the_o air_n in_o it_o very_o cold_a though_o after_o he_o have_v stay_v a_o while_n there_o his_o breath_n and_o the_o steam_n of_o his_o body_n make_v he_o very_o hot_a that_o also_o at_o a_o great_a depth_n in_o those_o hot_a climate_n the_o sea-water_n be_v sensible_o cold_a may_v be_v thus_o make_v probable_a inquire_v of_o a_o famous_a sea-commander_n who_o have_v be_v upon_o the_o african_a coast_n to_o what_o depth_n he_o be_v wont_a to_o sink_v his_o bottle_n to_o preserve_v his_o wine_n any_o thing_n cool_a in_o that_o excessive_a hot_a climate_n he_o answer_v i_o that_o in_o the_o day_n time_n he_o keep_v it_o in_o a_o tolerable_a temper_n so_o as_o to_o be_v drinkable_a by_o keep_v it_o in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o ship_n and_o in_o sand_n but_o in_o the_o morning_n he_o have_v it_o cool_a enough_o by_o sink_v his_o bottle_n over_o night_n into_o the_o sea_n and_o let_v they_o hang_v all_o night_n at_o 20_o or_o 30_o fathom_n deep_a under_o water_n inquire_v also_o of_o a_o intelligent_a gentleman_n that_o be_v employ_v to_o the_o river_n of_o gambra_n &_o sail_v up_o 700_o mile_n in_o it_o in_o a_o small_a frigate_n whether_o he_o have_v observe_v that_o in_o the_o sea_n even_o of_o those_o hot_a climate_n wine_n may_v be_v preserve_v cool_a he_o tell_v i_o that_o it_o may_v and_o that_o by_o the_o mean_v i_o hint_v to_o he_o which_o be_v to_o let_v down_o when_o the_o ship_n come_v to_o a_o anchor_n in_o the_o evening_n several_a bottle_n full_a of_o wine_n they_o use_v that_o of_o madera_n exact_o stop_v to_o ten_o 12_o or_o 14_o fathom_n deep_a whence_o be_v the_o next_o morning_n draw_v up_o they_o find_v the_o wine_n cool_v and_o fresh_a as_o if_o the_o vessel_n have_v be_v in_o these_o part_n draw_v up_o out_o of_o a_o well_o provide_v it_o be_v present_o drink_v for_o if_o that_o circumstance_n be_v omit_v the_o heat_n of_o the_o air_n on_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o water_n will_v quick_o warm_v the_o liquor_n i_o remember_v too_o that_o have_v meet_v with_o a_o man_n of_o letter_n that_o sail_v to_o the_o east-indies_n in_o a_o portugal-caraet_a i_o learn_v by_o enquiry_n of_o he_o that_o it_o be_v the_o practice_n in_o that_o great_a vessel_n for_o the_o captain_n and_o other_o person_n of_o note_n whilst_o they_o pass_v through_o the_o torrid_a zone_n to_o keep_v their_o drink_n whether_o wine_n or_o water_n cool_a by_o let_v it_o down_o in_o bottle_n to_o the_o depth_n of_o 80_o 90_o anc_fw-la sometime_o an_o hundred_o fathom_n or_o better_a and_o let_v it_o stay_v there_o a_o competent_a time_n after_o which_o he_o tell_v i_o he_o find_v it_o to_o be_v exceed_o cool_a and_o refresh_a last_o to_o satisfy_v myself_o as_o far_o as_o i_o can_v to_o how_o great_a a_o depth_n the_o coldness_n of_o the_o sea_n reach_v meet_v a_o observe_a traveller_n who_o affair_n or_o curiosity_n have_v carry_v he_o to_o divers_a part_n both_o of_o the_o east_n and_o west-indies_n i_o inquire_v of_o he_o whether_o he_o have_v take_v notice_n of_o any_o extraordinary_a deep_a sounding_n in_o the_o vast_a sea_n to_o which_o be_v answer_v that_o some_o year_n ago_o sail_v to_o the_o east_n indies_n in_o a_o very_a great_a ship_n over_o a_o place_n on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o line_n that_o be_v suspect_v to_o be_v very_o deep_a they_o have_v the_o curiosity_n to_o let_v down_o 400_o fathom_n of_o line_n and_o find_v they_o need_v no_o less_o whereupon_o i_o inquire_v of_o he_o whether_o he_o have_v take_v notice_n of_o the_o temperature_n of_o the_o sound_a lead_n assoon_o as_o it_o be_v draw_v up_o to_o which_o he_o tell_v i_o that_o he_o and_o some_o other_o do_v and_o that_o the_o lead_v which_o be_v of_o the_o weight_n of_o about_o 30_o or_o 35_o l_o have_v receive_v so_o intense_a a_o degree_n of_o coldness_n as_o be_v very_o remarkable_a insomuch_o that_o he_o think_v that_o if_o it_o have_v be_v a_o mass_n of_o ice_n it_o can_v not_o have_v more_o vehement_o refrigerated_a his_o hand_n and_o when_o i_o ask_v in_o what_o climate_n this_o observation_n be_v make_v he_o tell_v i_o it_o be_v in_o the_o antarctick_a hemisphere_n but_o at_o a_o great_a distance_n from_o the_o line_n as_o indeed_o i_o conclude_v by_o some_o circumstance_n he_o mention_v to_o i_o that_o it_o be_v about_o the_o 35th_o degree_n of_o southern_a latitude_n chap._n 5._o these_o be_v the_o chief_a relation_n i_o have_v hitherto_o be_v able_a to_o procure_v about_o the_o temperature_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o if_o they_o be_v so_o confirm_v by_o other_o as_o that_o we_o may_v conclude_v they_o will_v general_o hold_v it_o will_v not_o be_v irrational_a to_o conceive_v that_o in_o reference_n to_o temperature_n those_o two_o fluid_n air_n and_o water_n may_v have_v this_o in_o common_a that_o where_o their_o surface_n be_v contiguous_a and_o in_o the_o neighbour_a part_n they_o happen_v to_o be_v sometime_o cold_a and_o sometime_o hot_a as_o the_o particle_n they_o consist_v of_o chance_v to_o be_v more_o or_o less_o agitate_a by_o the_o various_o reflect_a sunbeam_n or_o more_o or_o less_o affect_v by_o â—ther_a cause_n of_o heat_n but_o that_o part_n of_o the_o air_n which_o they_o call_v the_o second_o &_o be_v superior_a to_o the_o first_o as_o also_o the_o low_a region_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v more_o remote_a from_o the_o operation_n of_o those_o cause_n do_v retain_v their_o natural_a or_o more_o undisturbed_a temperature_n which_o as_o to_o we_o man_n be_v a_o considerable_a degree_n of_o coldness_n the_o agitation_n of_o their_o small_a part_n be_v usual_o in_o those_o region_n much_o inferior_a to_o that_o of_o the_o spirit_n blood_n &_o other_o part_n of_o our_o organ_n of_o feel_v so_o that_o the_o region_n of_o the_o water_n and_o air_n seem_v to_o answer_v one_o another_o but_o in_o a_o invert_v order_n of_o situation_n and_o the_o analogy_n may_v perhaps_o be_v carry_v further_o if_o i_o have_v time_n and_o opportunity_n to_o do_v it_o in_o this_o place_n and_o here_o i_o shall_v not_o dissemble_v that_o i_o be_v somewhat_o perplex_v by_o meeting_n with_o a_o traveller_n that_o have_v visit_v the_o east_n indian_a coast_n near_o the_o famous_a cape_n of_o comory_n for_o ask_v he_o some_o question_n touch_v the_o neighbour_a sea_n i_o gather_v from_o his_o discourse_n that_o he_o conclude_v from_o that_o of_o some_o divers_a that_o the_o sea_n near_o ceylom_o be_v warm_a at_o the_o bottom_n then_o at_o the_o top_n and_o when_o i_o thereupon_o ask_v he_o whether_o this_o happen_v not_o in_o their_o winter_n he_o reply_v that_o it_o be_v indeed_o winter_n though_o not_o with_o we_o yet_o with_o they_o it_o occur_v indeed_o to_o my_o thought_n on_o this_o occasion_n that_o perhaps_o in_o a_o part_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n so_o near_o the_o line_n as_o about_o 80_o degree_n if_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o of_o a_o considerable_a depth_n the_o heat_n of_o the_o two_o not_o far_o distant_a shore_n of_o coromandell_n and_o ceylom_o may_v have_v no_o small_a influence_n upon_o the_o tempetature_n of_o the_o water_n i_o consider_v also_o which_o do_v not_o a_o little_a weigh_v with_o i_o that_o in_o divers_a part_n of_o the_o east-indies_n and_o even_o in_o a_o region_n border_v upon_o coromandell_n where_o a_o ingenious_a acquaintance_n of_o i_o live_v some_o year_n it_o have_v be_v observe_v that_o winter_n and_o summer_n be_v not_o so_o much_o discriminate_v by_o cold_a weather_n &_o hot_a as_o by_o very_a rainy_n weather_n and_o very_o dry_a nay_o in_o some_o place_n the_o sultry_a heat_n of_o the_o climate_n be_v more_o complain_v of_o in_o what_o they_o call_v their_o winter_n then_o their_o summer_n so_o that_o there_o will_v be_v no_o necessity_n to_o recur_v to_o a_o antiperistasis_n occasion_v by_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o winter_n i_o think_v too_o that_o it_o may_v perhaps_o be_v without_o absurdity_n suspect_v that_o as_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o this_o place_n have_v a_o peculiar_a constitution_n that_o fit_v it_o more_o than_o other_o for_o the_o copious_a production_n of_o pearl_n so_o there_o may_v be_v some_o peculiarity_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o subjacent_a soil_n or_o there_o may_v be_v
the_o air_n abroad_o be_v much_o heat_v at_o that_o time_n of_o the_o year_n which_o be_v in_o that_o season_n or_o at_o least_o very_a near_o it_o that_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v call_v the_o dogg-day_n chap._n four_o and_o as_o we_o have_v show_v that_o the_o subterraneal_a air_n even_o in_o the_o first_o region_n be_v usual_o much_o less_o heat_v than_o the_o superterrestriall_a air_n so_o we_o may_v also_o easy_o observe_v that_o that_o inferior_a air_n be_v caeteris_fw-la paribus_fw-la wont_a to_o be_v much_o less_o refrigerated_a by_o the_o grand_a efficient_n of_o intense_a cold_a than_o the_o superior_a air._n i_o will_v not_o urge_v on_o this_o occasion_n what_o i_o have_v observe_v by_o a_o sure_a way_n then_o for_o aught_o i_o know_v have_v be_v before_o practise_v about_o the_o smoke_n of_o some_o spring_n in_o frosty_a wether_n because_o i_o do_v not_o know_v but_o that_o those_o spring_n may_v have_v come_v from_o or_o pass_v a_o good_a way_n through_o some_o place_n very_o deep_a beneath_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o direct_o incumbent_a ground_n and_o perhaps_o from_o a_o soil_n peculiar_o fit_v to_o warm_v they_o whence_o the_o water_n may_v have_v derive_v a_o warmth_n considerable_a enough_o not_o to_o be_v quite_o lose_v till_o it_o begin_v to_o spring_v out_o of_o the_o ground_n where_o it_o need_v only_a not_o to_o be_v quite_o cold_a to_o appear_v to_o smoke_n the_o intense_a coldness_n of_o the_o air_n make_v those_o exhalation_n visible_a in_o frosty_a wether_n which_o will_v not_o be_v so_o in_o mild_a as_o be_v evident_a in_o a_o man_n breath_n which_o appear_v like_o a_o smoke_n in_o such_o weather_n though_o it_o be_v not_o visible_a in_o summer_n that_o therefore_o which_o i_o shall_v propose_v in_o favour_n of_o our_o observation_n be_v first_o take_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n which_o may_v persuade_v we_o that_o the_o subterraneal_a air_n be_v though_o comparative_o cool_v yet_o indeed_o moderate_o warm_a in_o summer_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v affect_v with_o winter_n cold_a so_o much_o as_o that_o contiguous_a to_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n from_o who_o immediate_a contact_n it_o be_v by_o a_o thick_a arch_n of_o earth_n if_o i_o may_v so_o call_v it_o defend_v and_o that_o the_o cold_a reign_v most_o in_o the_o free_a air_n and_o the_o superficial_a part_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n may_v appear_v by_o water_n beginning_n to_o freeze_v at_o the_o top_n not_o at_o the_o bottom_n to_o which_o reason_n from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n i_o shall_v add_v only_o this_o from_o experience_n that_o we_o see_v that_o in_o cellar_n that_o be_v arch_v and_o careful_o keep_v close_o from_o the_o communication_n of_o the_o outward_a air_n beer_n and_o other_o liquor_n may_v be_v keep_v from_o freeze_a in_o frosty_a and_o snowy_a wether_n as_o i_o have_v observe_v in_o a_o cellar_n that_o be_v but_o shallow_a but_o well_o arch_v in_o a_o winter_n that_o be_v sharp_a to_o a_o wonder_n and_o freeze_v strong_a liquor_n than_o beer_n in_o another_o cellar_n very_o near_o it_o that_o differ_v not_o much_o from_o it_o in_o depth_n but_o have_v not_o so_o thick_a and_o solid_a a_o roof_n and_o that_o not_o only_o here_o in_o england_n where_o the_o cold_a be_v less_o violent_a but_o even_o in_o russia_n itself_o where_o it_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v so_o extreme_a it_o reach_v not_o near_o so_o deep_a as_o one_o will_v think_v i_o learn_v by_o inquiry_n purposely_o make_v of_o a_o ingenious_a physician_n that_o live_v at_o moscow_n who_o answer_v i_o that_o other_o and_o he_o himself_o do_v in_o that_o city_n keep_v all_o the_o winter_n long_o not_o only_o their_o wine_n but_o their_o beer_n from_o freeze_a in_o cellar_n that_o be_v not_o above_o 12_o or_o 14_o foot_n deep_a but_o well_o cover_v above_o and_o careful_o line_v with_o plank_n of_o fir_n without_o any_o entrance_n but_o a_o small_a trap-door_n common_o at_o the_o top_n which_o be_v fit_v so_o exact_o to_o the_o orifice_n it_o be_v to_o close_v as_o to_o exclude_v as_o much_o as_o be_v possible_a all_o communication_n between_o the_o internal_a and_o external_a air_n that_o the_o latter_a may_v not_o affect_v the_o former_a with_o its_o coldness_n i_o have_v indeed_o suspect_v that_o in_o some_o cellar_n the_o comparative_a warmth_n we_o find_v there_o may_v be_v partly_o due_a to_o subterraneal_a exhalation_n that_o be_v pen_v up_o in_o they_o and_o perhaps_o too_o in_o some_o measure_n from_o the_o steam_n of_o the_o ferment_a or_o ferment_v liquor_n lodge_v in_o those_o place_n and_o i_o be_v somewhat_o confirm_v in_o this_o suspicion_n by_o a_o information_n my_o inquiry_n obtain_v from_o the_o new_o mention_v doctor_n who_o tell_v i_o upon_o his_o own_o observation_n that_o in_o one_o of_o the_o cellar_n he_o make_v use_v of_o at_o moscow_n have_v occasion_n to_o open_v the_o above_o mention_v trap-door_n after_o the_o cellar_n have_v for_o a_o good_a while_n be_v keep_v very_o close_o shut_v there_o come_v out_o at_o the_o vent_n that_o be_v thereby_o give_v a_o copious_a steam_n in_o the_o form_n of_o smoke_n which_o to_o they_o who_o have_v their_o body_n affect_v with_o the_o external_a air_n be_v very_o sensible_o warm_a and_o be_v almost_o unfit_a for_o respiration_n which_o circumstance_n increase_v my_o suspicion_n that_o there_o may_v be_v among_o these_o steame_n some_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o those_o that_o have_v be_v observe_v to_o come_v from_o ferment_a liquor_n especial_o wine_n and_o so_o abound_v in_o some_o cellar_n as_o almost_o to_o stifle_v those_o that_o venture_v into_o those_o vault_n and_o to_o kill_v some_o of_o they_o outright_o which_o effect_n the_o long_a abode_n of_o subterraneal_a steam_n in_o stagnate_v air_n even_o in_o many_o place_n where_o no_o metalline_a oar_n at_o all_o not_o other_o noxious_a mineral_n have_v be_v find_v have_v enable_v that_o air_n to_o produce_v of_o which_o divers_a sad_a instance_n have_v be_v give_v within_o less_o than_o a_o mile_n of_o this_o place_n upon_o man_n first_o go_v down_o into_o pit_n or_o well_n that_o have_v not_o in_o a_o long_a time_n be_v open_v or_o make_v use_n of_o but_o this_o be_v here_o mention_v only_o upon_o the_o by_o nor_o have_v we_o any_o necessity_n to_o fly_v to_o subterraneal_a exhalation_n for_o the_o comparative_a warmth_n that_o good_a cellar_n in_o general_n afford_v in_o frosty_a weather_n since_o that_o phaenomenon_n may_v be_v account_v for_o by_o the_o reason_n former_o give_v that_o the_o closeness_n of_o the_o cavity_n and_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o side_n and_o roof_n keep_v it_o from_o be_v vehement_o affect_v with_o the_o cold_a of_o the_o ambient_fw-la air._n i_o know_v it_o be_v pretend_v that_o the_o warmth_n we_o speak_v of_o proceed_v from_o a_o antiperistasis_n but_o not_o now_o to_o engage_v in_o a_o controversy_n that_o will_v take_v up_o too_o much_o time_n it_o may_v here_o suffice_v to_o represent_v that_o in_o our_o case_n there_o appear_v no_o necessity_n of_o recur_v to_o it_o the_o phaenomenon_n be_v solvable_a by_o the_o region_n new_o cite_v which_o may_v be_v confirm_v by_o this_o experiment_n that_o in_o the_o vault_a cellar_n above_o mention_v wherein_o beer_n be_v keep_v from_o freeze_a in_o a_o almost_o prodigious_o sharp_a winter_n the_o include_v air_n though_o sensible_o warm_a to_o those_o that_o come_v out_o of_o the_o free_a air_n have_v not_o so_o intend_v its_o native_a heat_n as_o the_o assertor_n of_o antiperistasis_n will_v have_v expect_v be_v cold_o than_o the_o free_a air_n common_o be_v in_o that_o place_n not_o only_o in_o the_o heat_n of_o summer_n but_o in_o other_o season_n when_o the_o weather_n be_v temperate_a as_o i_o be_v assure_v by_o compare_v my_o own_o observation_n make_v at_o other_o time_n with_o the_o account_n bring_v i_o by_o a_o skilful_a person_n who_o i_o employ_v into_o that_o cellar_n at_o late_a hour_n in_o one_o or_o two_o of_o the_o sharp_a night_n of_o the_o forementioned_a cruel_a winter_n with_o the_o same_o excellent_a seal_a weatherglass_n that_o i_o have_v long_o keep_v suspend_v within_o a_o stone_n cast_v of_o that_o place_n chap._n v._n have_v say_v thus_o much_o about_o the_o earth_n uppermost_a region_n i_o now_o proceed_v to_o that_o which_o lie_v next_o beneath_o it_o who_o temperature_n i_o can_v so_o convenient_o give_v a_o account_n of_o in_o less_o than_o two_o proposition_n whereof_o the_o first_o be_v this_o proposition_n the_o first_o the_o second_o region_n of_o the_o earth_n seem_v to_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n cold_a in_o comparison_n of_o the_o other_o two_o this_o proposition_n may_v be_v confirm_v partly_o by_o reason_n and_o partly_o by_o experience_n and_o first_o it_o seem_v consonant_a to_o reason_n that_o since_o
the_o answer_n i_o receive_v from_o a_o very_a ingenious_a gentleman_n who_o live_v among_o mine_n and_o be_v not_o a_o little_a concern_v in_o some_o of_o they_o for_o have_v inquire_v of_o he_o what_o he_o have_v observe_v about_o the_o lie_a or_o not_o lie_v of_o the_o snow_n on_o the_o mineral_n soil_v near_o the_o place_n of_o his_o residence_n he_o reply_v that_o in_o some_o of_o they_o he_o do_v not_o take_v notice_n of_o any_o peculiar_a indisposition_n to_o let_v the_o ice_n and_o snow_n continue_v on_o they_o which_o i_o conceive_v may_v proceed_v either_o from_o the_o want_n of_o such_o mineral_n in_o the_o subjacent_a part_n as_o be_v then_o in_o the_o state_n of_o incalescence_n or_o else_o from_o this_o that_o according_a to_o what_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o observe_v about_o the_o snow_n on_o aetna_n the_o direct_a ascension_n of_o the_o hot_a steam_n be_v hinder_v by_o some_o layer_n of_o rock_n or_o other_o stone_n through_o which_o the_o steam_n can_v not_o penetrate_v or_o can_v do_v it_o but_o so_o slow_o as_o to_o loose_v their_o actual_a warmth_n by_o the_o way_n but_o this_o gentleman_n add_v that_o in_o other_o place_n near_o that_o of_o his_o abode_n and_o such_o as_o he_o know_v to_o have_v minerall-vein_n beneath_o they_o he_o observe_v that_o the_o snow_n nor_o the_o ice_n will_v scarce_o continue_v at_o all_o upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o ground_n even_o in_o a_o extraordinary_o cold_a winter_n it_o will_v be_v a_o considerable_a instance_n to_o our_o purpose_n if_o it_o be_v indeed_o true_a which_o some_o learned_a man_n have_v write_v that_o near_o the_o gold-mine_n in_o hungary_n the_o leaf_n of_o the_o tree_n especial_o those_o that_o respct_v the_o ground_n be_v oftentimes_o find_v ennoble_v with_o a_o golden-colour_n from_o the_o metalline_a exhalation_n of_o the_o gold-mine_n which_o one_o will_v think_v must_v by_o reason_n of_o their_o ponderousnesse_n need_v a_o considerable_a heat_n to_o elevate_v they_o especial_o into_o the_o open_a air._n but_o though_o doubt_v of_o this_o relation_n as_o not_o make_v by_o mineralist_n or_o accurate_a observer_n i_o inquire_v about_o it_o of_o a_o person_n who_o curiosity_n carry_v he_o purposely_o to_o visit_v those_o mine_n i_o be_v answer_v that_o he_o can_v not_o be_v a_o witness_n to_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o observation_n yet_o he_o tell_v i_o a_o observation_n which_o i_o else_o where_o mention_n that_o do_v not_o discountenance_v that_o tradition_n if_o it_o be_v object_v that_o what_o have_v hitherto_o be_v say_v about_o latent_fw-la fire_n and_o heat_n in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n will_v give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o warmth_n only_o of_o those_o place_n that_o be_v within_o teach_v of_o the_o action_n of_o such_o magazine_n of_o heat_n which_o probable_o may_v be_v want_v in_o many_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n i_o shall_v ready_o confess_v that_o as_o i_o first_o make_v this_o objection_n to_o myself_o so_o i_o do_v not_o yet_o discern_v it_o to_o be_v unreasonable_a and_o that_o for_o aught_o i_o know_v if_o man_n have_v occasion_n to_o dig_v as_o deep_a and_o be_v as_o far_o conversant_a in_o many_o other_o low_a place_n of_o the_o earth_n where_o there_o be_v no_o sign_n of_o mineral_n as_o they_o have_v do_v where_o the_o hope_n of_o actual_a discovery_n of_o vein_n of_o metal_n and_o other_o mineral_n worth_a work_n have_v invite_v they_o divers_a place_n in_o the_o three_o region_n of_o the_o earth_n will_v be_v meet_v with_o that_o will_v bedestitute_a of_o the_o warmth_n that_o have_v hitherto_o be_v general_o find_v in_o place_n of_o the_o same_o region_n that_o either_o abound_v with_o mineral_n themselves_o or_o be_v near_o some_o of_o the_o deep_a and_o latent_fw-la aestuary_n abovementioned_a and_o as_o for_o those_o part_n of_o the_o three_o region_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o man_n feel_v not_o only_o warm_a but_o troublesom_o hot_a that_o incommodious_a degree_n of_o heat_n seem_v not_o at_o least_o in_o some_o place_n to_o be_v derivable_a from_o the_o two_o above_o mention_v cause_n which_o must_v to_o produce_v so_o considerable_a a_o effect_n be_v assist_v by_o a_o three_o cause_n more_o potent_a than_o themselves_o which_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o incalescence_n there_o be_v produce_v in_o many_o mine_n and_o other_o place_n by_o the_o mutual_a action_n of_o the_o component_a part_n promote_v by_o water_n of_o immature_n and_o more_o loose_o context_v mineral_n especial_o such_o as_o be_v of_o a_o marchasiticall_a nature_n that_o such_o a_o incalescence_n may_v by_o such_o a_o way_n be_v produce_v in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n i_o have_v elsewhere_o show_v in_o my_o discourse_n of_o subterraneal_a fire_n &_o heat_n by_o the_o example_n of_o such_o incalescence_n producible_a in_o mineral_n body_n here_o above_o ground_n that_o marchasite_n which_o for_o the_o most_o part_n abound_v in_o vitriol_n be_v body_n very_o fit_a to_o procure_v this_o subterraneal_a heat_n may_v be_v consirm_v not_o only_o by_o the_o sulphureous_a and_o saline_n part_n they_o abound_v with_o and_o by_o this_o that_o many_o of_o they_o may_v be_v wrought_v on_o as_o we_o have_v try_v both_o by_o simple_a water_n and_o even_o by_o moist_a air_n which_o argue_v the_o resolublenesse_n of_o their_o constitution_n but_o also_o by_o this_o that_o have_v purposely_o inquire_v of_o a_o gentleman_n that_o go_v out_o of_o curiosity_n to_o visit_v one_o of_o the_o deep_a hungarian_a mine_v he_o confirm_v to_o i_o what_o i_o have_v otherwise_o be_v inform_v of_o by_o answer_v i_o that_o in_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o mâ—ne_n he_o have_v gather_v vitriol_n that_o appear_v above_o ground_n to_o be_v of_o a_o golden_a nature_n and_o that_o in_o a_o cave_n that_o be_v on_o one_o side_n of_o the_o groove_n in_o the_o deep_a gold-mine_n near_o cremnitzo_n the_o corrosive_a smell_n be_v so_o strong_a and_o noxious_a that_o man_n have_v not_o dare_v to_o dig_v out_o the_o native_a gold_n it_o rich_o abound_v with_o be_v deter_v by_o the_o ill_a fate_n of_o liver_n that_o venture_v to_o work_v in_o it_o add_v that_o though_o he_o pass_v by_o it_o in_o great_a haste_n yet_o he_o can_v not_o avoid_v the_o be_v offend_v by_o the_o noisome_a exhalation_n and_o on_o this_o occasion_n it_o will_v not_o be_v i_o presume_v dislike_v if_o i_o illustrate_v what_o i_o be_v save_v of_o immature_n mineral_n by_o subjoin_v that_o have_v ask_v this_o chemist_n whether_o the_o vitriol_n he_o find_v very_o deep_a underground_n be_v all_o solid_a or_o some_o of_o it_o soft_a he_o affirm_v that_o as_o he_o gather_v it_o he_o find_v some_o of_o it_o soft_a and_o to_o satisfy_v my_o curiosity_n to_o know_v whether_o it_o continue_v that_o yield_a consistence_n he_o further_o tell_v i_o that_o it_o be_v soft_a in_o the_o deep_a part_n of_o the_o i_o but_o when_o he_o have_v bring_v it_o into_o the_o superterrestriall_a air_n it_o harden_v there_o and_o appear_v to_o have_v 9_o divers_a golden_a streak_n in_o it_o chap._n x._o one_o thing_n there_o be_v which_o must_v not_o be_v here_o omit_v though_o it_o will_v probable_o be_v great_a news_n to_o those_o that_o philosophise_v only_o in_o their_o study_n and_o have_v not_o receive_v information_n from_o any_o that_o visit_v the_o deep_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o phaenomenon_n be_v this_o that_o the_o digger_n in_o mine_n have_v find_v by_o unwelcome_a experience_n that_o in_o deep_a grooves_n the_o air_n unless_o ventilate_v and_o renew_v do_v in_o a_o short_a time_n become_v unfit_a for_o respiration_n have_v be_v put_v upon_o this_o expedient_a to_o sink_v at_o some_o convenient_a distance_n from_o the_o groove_n where_o the_o miners_n work_n another_o pit_n by_o some_o call_v a_o vent_n pit_n that_o usual_o tend_v direct_o downward_o though_o sometime_o it_o make_v angel_n to_o which_o our_o english-minemen_a do_v in_o several_a part_n of_o this_o kingdom_n give_v differ_v name_n whereof_o the_o most_o signisicant_a seem_v to_o be_v that_o give_v it_o in_o the_o leadmine_v of_o darbyshire_n where_o they_o call_v it_o a_o air-shaft_n and_o be_v wont_a to_o make_v it_o 40_o 50_o and_o sometime_o 80_o or_o 100_o pace_n off_o and_z as_o one_o of_o the_o chief_a and_o skilful_a miner_n there_o inform_v i_o as_o deep_o as_o the_o groove_n or_o well_o though_o i_o find_v that_o the_o best_a german_n and_o some_o english_a miner_n think_v a_o less_o depth_n will_v often_o suffice_v from_o this_o air-shaft_n to_o the_o groove_n the_o man_n work_v in_o there_o pass_v a_o channel_n or_o if_o i_o may_v so_o call_v it_o ventiduct_n to_o convey_v the_o air_n from_o the_o former_a to_o the_o latter_a which_o be_v that_o that_o agricola_n sometime_o for_o he_o employ_v not_o the_o term_n always_o in_o the_o same_o sense_n denote_v
ignorant_a and_o shall_v i_o fear_v long_o continue_v so_o for_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v with_o which_o observation_n i_o shall_v conclude_v that_o what_o have_v be_v hitherto_o discourse_v belong_v only_o to_o the_o temper_n of_o those_o subterraneal_a part_n to_o which_o man_n have_v be_v enable_v to_o reach_v by_o dige_v it_o be_v true_a indeed_o that_o some_o mine_n especial_o in_o germany_n and_o hungary_n be_v of_o a_o stupendous_a depth_n in_o comparison_n of_o the_o generality_n of_o we_o and_o of_o the_o more_o obvious_a cavity_n of_o the_o earth_n yet_o i_o find_v it_o boast_v in_o a_o discourse_n write_v purposely_o of_o the_o various_a mine_n in_o the_o world_n that_o the_o rich_a mine_n at_o sueberg_n be_v 400_o yard_n deep_a and_o they_o be_v scarce_o believe_v that_o relate_v one_o hungarian-mine_a which_o they_o visit_v to_o be_v 400_o sathom_n which_o though_o double_a the_o depth_n of_o the_o former_a reach_v not_o to_o half_a a_o mile_n but_o the_o deep_a of_o all_o the_o mine_n that_o i_o have_v as_o yet_o read_v or_o hear_v of_o from_o any_o credible_a relator_n be_v that_o which_o the_o experience_a agricola_n in_o the_o tract_n he_o call_v bermannus_n cap._n 12._o mention_n to_o be_v at_o cotteberg_n but_o this_o itself_o though_o it_o reach_v to_o above_o 500_o fathom_n that_o be_v 3000_o foot_n yet_o this_o prodigious_a depth_n do_v not_o much_o exceed_v half_o a_o mile_n &_o fall_v short_a of_o three_o quarter_n 13._o licet_fw-la variae_fw-la de_fw-la ambitu_fw-la tervae_fw-la opiniones_fw-la sint_fw-la nobis_fw-la tamen_fw-la propemodum_fw-la constet_fw-la esse_fw-la ipsam_fw-la milliarum_fw-la italiarum_n 26255_o quoth_v in_o maximo_fw-la ad_fw-la terrae_fw-la superficiem_fw-la circulo_fw-la respondeant_fw-la uni_fw-la gradui_fw-la milliaria_fw-la proximè_fw-la 73._o etc._n etc._n gassend_n instit_fw-la astronom_n lib_fw-la 2._o cap._n 13._o and_o how_o small_a a_o part_n be_v that_o of_o the_o whole_a depth_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n who_o semidiameter_n if_o we_o admit_v the_o recent_a account_n of_o the_o learned_a gassendus_fw-la reckon_v at_o 4177._o italian_n mile_n in_o comparison_n of_o which_o as_o i_o be_v say_v how_o small_a a_o thing_n be_v a_o depth_n that_o fall_v very_o short_a of_o a_o single_a mile_n finis_fw-la of_o the_o temperature_n of_o the_o submarine_n region_n as_o to_o heat_n and_o cold_a of_o the_o temperature_n of_o the_o submarine_n region_n as_o to_o heat_n and_o cold._a chap._n 1._o though_o the_o aristotelian_o who_o believe_v water_n and_o air_n to_o be_v reciprocal_o transmutable_a do_v thereby_o fancy_v a_o affinity_n between_o they_o that_o i_o be_o not_o yet_o convince_v of_o yet_o i_o ready_o allow_v of_o so_o much_o affinity_n betwixt_o those_o two_o fluid_a body_n as_o invite_v i_o after_o have_v treat_v of_o the_o temperature_n of_o the_o aerial_a region_n to_o say_v something_o of_o that_o of_o the_o submarine_n region_n which_o name_n of_o submarine_n though_o i_o know_v it_o may_v seem_v improper_a i_o therefore_o scruple_n not_o to_o make_v use_n of_o because_o even_o among_o the_o generality_n of_o learned_a man_n use_n have_v authorize_v the_o name_n of_o subterraneous_a place_n for_o as_o these_o be_v not_o by_o this_o name_n and_o indeed_o can_v in_o reason_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v beneath_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o only_o the_o superficial_a part_n of_o it_o so_o by_o the_o appellation_n of_o submarine_n region_n it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v suppose_v that_o the_o place_n so_o call_v be_v below_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n but_o only_o below_o the_o surface_n of_o it_o but_o to_o come_v from_o word_n to_o thing_n i_o presume_v it_o will_v not_o be_v expect_v that_o i_o that_o never_o pretend_v to_o be_v a_o diver_n shall_v give_v of_o the_o region_n i_o be_o to_o treat_v of_o a_o account_n build_v on_o my_o own_o observation_n and_o i_o hope_v it_o may_v gratify_v a_o reasonable_a curiosity_n about_o a_o subject_n of_o which_o classic_a author_n be_v so_o very_o silent_a and_o about_o which_o philosopher_n seem_v not_o so_o much_o as_o to_o have_v attempt_v any_o experiment_n for_o want_n of_o opportunity_n and_o mean_a to_o make_v they_o i_o offer_v the_o best_a information_n i_o can_v supply_v myself_o what_o by_o purposely_o converse_v with_o person_n that_o have_v dive_v some_o without_o and_o some_o by_o the_o help_n of_o engine_n to_o which_o i_o have_v add_v some_o report_n that_o i_o judge_v fit_a to_o be_v allow_v make_v i_o by_o person_n that_o have_v converse_v with_o the_o divers_a upon_o those_o african_a and_o indian-coast_n where_o the_o most_o famous_a and_o expert_a be_v think_v to_o be_v find_v and_o i_o the_o rather_o report_v the_o answer_n and_o relationsmy_a inquiry_n procure_v because_o the_o information_n they_o give_v we_o concern_v a_o subject_a considerable_a as_o well_o as_o vast_a about_o which_o nevertheless_o i_o among_o many_o other_o be_o not_o in_o a_o condition_n to_o satisfy_v at_o all_o my_o curiosity_n by_o trial_n of_o my_o own_o make_n and_o because_o also_o what_o i_o shall_v say_v will_v probable_o spoil_v the_o credit_n of_o the_o vulgar_a error_n that_o in_o all_o deep_a water_n of_o which_o the_o sea_n be_v the_o chief_a the_o lowermost_a be_v still_o the_o warm_a part_n unless_o in_o case_n that_o in_o some_o very_a hot_a climate_n or_o season_n the_o superficial_a one_o happen_v to_o be_v a_o little_a warm_v by_o the_o extraordinary_a or_o violent_a heat_n of_o the_o sun_n chap._n two_o though_o the_o air_n and_o the_o earth_n have_v be_v discriminate_v as_o to_o temperature_n into_o three_o region_n yet_o the_o information_n i_o have_v hitherto_o meet_v with_o invite_v i_o not_o to_o assign_v to_o the_o sea_n any_o more_o than_o two_o the_o former_a of_o which_o may_v be_v suppose_v to_o reach_v from_o the_o superficies_n of_o it_o as_o far_o downward_o as_o the_o manifest_a operation_n of_o the_o various_o reflect_v and_o refracted_a beam_n of_o the_o sun_n or_o other_o cause_n of_o warmth_n penetrate_v from_o which_o to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n the_o other_o region_n may_v be_v suppose_v to_o extend_v according_a to_o this_o division_n the_o limit_n of_o this_o upper_a region_n will_v not_o be_v always_o constant_a for_o in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n and_o other_o hot_a climate_n it_o will_v caeteris_fw-la paribus_fw-la be_v great_a than_o in_o the_o frigid_a zone_n or_o in_o the_o temperate_a zone_n and_o so_o it_o will_v be_v in_o summer_n then_o in_o winter_n and_o in_o hot_a weather_n then_o in_o cold_a suppose_v in_o these_o case_n the_o heat_n to_o come_v from_o the_o sun_n and_o air_n and_o not_o as_o sometime_o it_o may_v do_v from_o the_o subterraneal_a exhalation_n the_o same_o cause_n be_v likewise_o proper_a as_o it_o be_v manifest_a to_o alter_v the_o temperature_n as_o well_o as_o the_o bound_n of_o this_o region_n but_o this_o temperature_n may_v also_o be_v change_v in_o some_o few_o place_n by_o at_o least_o two_o other_o cause_n the_o one_o be_v the_o differ_a constitution_n of_o the_o soil_n that_o compose_v the_o shore_n which_o may_v affect_v the_o neighbour_a water_n if_o it_o do_v extraordinary_o abound_v with_o nitre_n loose_o contex_v marchasite_n or_o other_o substance_n capable_a considerable_o to_o increase_v or_o lessen_v the_o coldness_n of_o the_o water_n another_o though_o unfrequent_a cause_n may_v be_v the_o figure_n and_o situation_n of_o the_o less_o deep_a part_n of_o the_o shore_n which_o may_v in_o some_o sort_n reverberate_v the_o heat_n that_o proceed_v from_o the_o sun_n and_o upon_o such_o a_o account_n may_v either_o add_v to_o the_o warmth_n or_o allay_v the_o coldness_n that_o will_v else_o be_v find_v in_o the_o neighbour_a water_n for_o whatever_o the_o school_n be_v wont_a to_o teach_v about_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o attrition_n of_o air_n in_o the_o heat_n produce_v by_o the_o sun_n beam_n i_o have_v elsewhere_o show_v by_o experiment_n that_o those_o beam_n may_v considerable_o operate_v upon_o body_n place_v quite_o under_o water_n beside_o these_o two_o case_n that_o may_v occasion_v exception_n to_o the_o general_a observation_n i_o intimate_v by_o the_o word_n at_o least_o that_o there_o may_v be_v other_o because_o to_o mention_v now_o but_o one_o example_n though_o it_o seem_v probable_a from_o what_o i_o have_v elsewhere_o deliver_v concern_v the_o subterraneal_a fire_n and_o heat_n that_o may_v in_o some_o place_n be_v meet_v with_o even_o beneath_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n that_o the_o phaenomenon_n i_o be_o go_v to_o recite_v may_v be_v reduce_v to_o the_o cause_n new_o intimate_v yet_o i_o be_o not_o absolute_o certain_a but_o that_o in_o this_o case_n whereto_o some_o other_o may_v perhaps_o be_v find_v reseble_v some_o other_o cause_n than_o those_o hitherto_o mention_v may_v produce_v or_o concur_v to_o the_o
some_o subterraneali_n fire_n or_o heat_n beneath_o it_o which_o may_v occasion_v a_o unusual_a warmth_n in_o that_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n by_o which_o cherish_v warmth_n perhaps_o such_o abundance_n of_o shell_n fish_n teem_v with_o pearl_n may_v be_v invite_v to_o settle_v there_o rather_o than_o in_o any_o of_o the_o neighbour_a place_n but_o with_o all_o these_o conjecture_n i_o shall_v not_o have_v be_v so_o well_o satisfy_v as_o with_o the_o answer_n i_o afterward_o obtain_v by_o a_o gentleman_n who_o curiosity_n have_v carry_v he_o to_o be_v a_o assiduous_a spectator_n of_o the_o famous_a pearl-fishing_a near_o the_o island_n of_o manar_n between_o that_o and_o the_o coast_n of_o coromandell_n which_o reach_v near_o if_o not_o full_o to_o the_o cape_n of_o comoris_n for_o this_o person_n have_v have_v much_o conversation_n with_o the_o divers_a for_o pearl_n not_o only_o learn_v from_o they_o that_o they_o find_v the_o water_n very_o sensible_o cold_a at_o the_o bottom_n which_o in_o some_o place_n he_o estimate_v to_o be_v 80_o or_o 100_o fathom_n deep_a but_o observe_v divers_a of_o they_o at_o their_o return_n to_o the_o boat_n to_o be_v ready_a to_o shake_v with_o cold_a and_o hasten_v to_o the_o fire_n that_o be_v keep_v ready_a for_o they_o in_o little_a cabin_n upon_o the_o shore_n which_o relation_n be_v accompany_v with_o divers_a circumstance_n of_o credibility_n and_o argue_v the_o person_n that_o make_v it_o to_o have_v be_v acquaint_v with_o the_o report_n above_o mention_v and_o have_v meet_v with_o some_o that_o have_v dive_v in_o the_o place_n whereto_o it_o have_v relation_n make_v i_o conclude_v that_o as_o to_o that_o report_n hither_o something_o extraordinary_a have_v happen_v in_o that_o place_n or_o that_o there_o be_v some_o mistake_n of_o he_o to_o who_o it_o be_v make_v or_o that_o divers_a do_v not_o descend_v to_o a_o sufficient_o considerable_a depth_n if_o i_o have_v be_v furnish_v with_o opportunity_n i_o will_v have_v engage_v some_o ingenious_a navigator_n to_o examine_v the_o temperature_n of_o the_o submarine-region_n both_o of_o differ_v season_n of_o the_o year_n especial_o the_o hot_a part_n of_o summer_n and_o coldness_n of_o winter_n &_o with_o hermetical_o seal_a weatherglass_n in_o order_n to_o the_o discovery_n of_o such_o particular_n as_o these_o whether_o there_o be_v in_o some_o sea_n any_o such_o vary_a difference_n of_o temperature_n as_o may_v invite_v we_o at_o least_o in_o some_o place_n to_o make_v more_o than_o two_o submarine_n region_n whether_o the_o submarine_n coldness_n do_v at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n or_o elsewhere_o either_o equal_a or_o surpass_v that_o degree_n which_o we_o here_o find_v sufficient_a to_o freezâ—_n common_a water_n whether_o the_o part_n of_o the_o sea-water_n be_v still_o the_o cold_o as_o they_o be_v the_o deep_a and_o whether_o or_o no_o this_o increase_n of_o coldness_n be_v regular_a enough_o to_o be_v reducible_a to_o any_o settle_a proportion_n but_o for_o the_o resolve_v of_o these_o and_o the_o like_a question_n i_o do_v not_o causelesse_o intimate_v that_o a_o seal_a weatherglass_n be_v to_o be_v employ_v for_o i_o take_v a_o common_a one_o to_o be_v altogether_o unfit_a for_o such_o purpose_n not_o only_o because_o the_o sea-water_n will_v mingle_v with_o such_o liquor_n as_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v employ_v in_o it_o for_o that_o inconveniency_n i_o can_v easy_o remedy_v by_o substitute_v as_o i_o have_v several_a time_n do_v in_o other_o case_n mercury_n instead_o of_o ordinary_a liquor_n but_o chief_o because_o the_o incumbent_a sea-water_n will_v gravitate_fw-la upon_o the_o restagnant_fw-la liquor_n of_o the_o weatherglass_n and_o thereby_o render_v its_o information_n false_a or_o uncertain_a according_a to_o what_o i_o have_v have_v occasion_n to_o observe_v in_o another_o tract_n whereto_o that_o there_o may_v not_o in_o this_o place_n be_v any_o need_n to_o recur_v i_o shall_v add_v a_o slight_a experiment_n that_o i_o make_v for_o the_o satisfaction_n of_o some_o ingenious_a man_n not_o wâ—ll_n acquaint_v with_o hydrostaticks_n or_o not_o right_o principled_a in_o they_o and_o this_o trial_n i_o shall_v the_o rather_o mention_v because_o many_o will_v not_o allow_v water_n to_o press_v upon_o meâ—cury_n immersd_v therein_o tâ—â—s_v be_v a_o far_o more_o ponderous_a liquor_n then_o that_o and_o other_o will_v expect_v that_o the_o include_v air_n have_v no_o place_n to_o escape_v out_o at_o shall_v resist_v the_o ascension_n of_o the_o subjacent_a mercury_n more_o than_o indeed_o it_o will_n we_o make_v then_o a_o small_a weatherglass_n differ_v from_o common_a one_o beside_o the_o bigness_n in_o that_o it_o be_v turnish_v with_o mercury_n instead_o of_o water_n and_o in_o that_o we_o employ_v to_o contain_v the_o stagnant_a mercury_n a_o glass_n vial_n with_o a_o narrow_a neck_n wherein_o by_o a_o piece_n of_o cork_n or_o two_o the_o stem_n of_o the_o glass_n ball_n be_v well_o fasten_v that_o this_o globula_fw-la put_v of_o the_o instrument_n may_v not_o be_v lift_v up_o when_o it_o be_v under_o water_n then_o have_v by_o apply_v cold_a water_n to_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o ball_n endeavour_v to_o reduce_v the_o air_n to_o the_o same_o temper_n with_o the_o water_n or_o at_o least_o to_o a_o approach_a degree_n of_o coldness_n and_o have_v take_v notice_n of_o the_o station_n of_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o shanck_n or_o stem_n above_o mention_v we_o do_v by_o string_n tie_v about_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o small_a vial_n let_v the_o instrument_n gentle_o down_o into_o a_o large_a tall_a glass_n body_n fill_v with_o fair_a water_n that_o the_o liquor_n and_o vessel_n be_v both_o transparent_a we_o may_v easy_o perceive_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o slender_a pipe_n by_o which_o mean_v it_o appear_v that_o as_o the_o thermometer_n descend_v deep_a and_o deep_o into_o the_o water_n the_o mercury_n be_v press_v up_o high_a and_o high_o in_o the_o stem_n and_o that_o it_o may_v not_o be_v suspect_v that_o this_o ascension_n proceed_v only_o or_o chief_o from_o the_o refrigeration_n of_o the_o air_n by_o the_o water_n i_o shall_v add_v to_o what_o i_o have_v just_a now_o note_v that_o though_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o water_n may_v well_o be_v suppose_v uniform_a as_o at_o least_o to_o sense_n yet_o the_o whole_a instrument_n be_v leisurely_o remove_v sometime_o to_o the_o upper_a surface_n of_o the_o water_n the_o like_a experiment_n we_o may_v have_v try_v with_o a_o thermoscope_n furnish_v with_o water_n and_o let_v into_o oil_n or_o with_o deliquated_a salt_n of_o tartar_n and_o pure_a spirit_n of_o wine_n instead_o of_o mercury_n and_o water_n if_o we_o have_v be_v furnish_v with_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o those_o liquor_n and_o have_v judge_v it_o to_o be_v requisite_a but_o this_o circumstance_n i_o think_v fit_a to_o admonish_v the_o spectator_n of_o that_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v expect_v that_o the_o mercury_n shall_v rise_v as_o much_o in_o proportion_n when_o it_o be_v for_o example_n a_o foot_n under_o water_n as_o when_o it_o be_v but_o two_o or_o three_o inch_n because_o according_a as_o the_o instrument_n be_v let_v down_o deep_o and_o the_o air_n crowd_v into_o a_o less_o room_n the_o spring_n of_o that_o compress_a air_n become_v the_o strong_a and_z make_v the_o more_o resistance_n which_o advertisement_n agree_v well_o with_o the_o experiment_n who_o other_o phaenomena_n i_o pass_v over_o as_o not_o pertinent_a to_o this_o place_n where_o i_o will_v only_o justify_v what_o i_o say_v of_o the_o unfitnesse_n of_o weather-glass_n make_v though_o with_o other_o liquor_n after_o the_o common_a way_n for_o make_v the_o submarine_n trial_n i_o propose_v but_o till_o such_o artificial_a observation_n can_v be_v obtain_v we_o may_v from_o what_o have_v be_v above_o deliver_v probable_o gather_v that_o though_o the_o lowermost_a of_o the_o submarine_n region_n be_v very_o sensible_o cold_a yet_o water_n at_o least_o that_o of_o the_o sea_n do_v not_o by_o these_o phaenomena_n appear_v to_o be_v the_o summum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la though_o i_o have_v be_v several_a time_n able_a to_o produce_v ice_n in_o salt-water_n yet_o i_o find_v not_o by_o any_o observation_n that_o there_o have_v be_v ice_n meet_v with_o and_o generate_v at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n under_o which_o the_o earth_n have_v be_v find_v unfrozen_a by_o our_o divers_a and_o appear_v to_o be_v soft_a at_o depth_n exceed_o surpass_v the_o great_a they_o have_v reach_v as_o be_v evident_a by_o the_o mudd_n gravel_n etc._n etc._n fetch_v from_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n by_o sound_a plummet_n let_v down_o to_o 80_o or_o 100_o fathom_n or_o even_o a_o depth_n whereof_o example_n may_v be_v meet_v with_o in_o the_o journals_n of_o navigator_n nâ—y_o my_o curiosity_n procure_v i_o this_o account_n from_o the_o
sober_a commander_n of_o a_o ship_n that_o come_v this_o year_n from_o the_o remote_a part_n of_o the_o great_a ocean_n that_o at_o about_o 35_o degree_n of_o southern_a latitude_n the_o tallow_n with_o which_o his_o sound_a lead_n be_v anoint_v bring_v he_o up_o gray_a sand_n from_o the_o immense_a depth_n of_o no_o less_o than_o two_o hundred_o &_o twenty_o fathom_n but_o to_o this_o observation_n it_o be_v just_a to_o annex_v this_o caution_n that_o we_o can_v safe_o conclude_v from_o man_n find_v no_o ice_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n that_o the_o cold_a there_o can_v be_v very_o intense_a for_o as_o i_o have_v find_v by_o more_o than_o one_o relation_n sea_n relation_n note_n aboat_n the_o saltness_n of_o the_o sea_n elsewhere_o recite_v that_o whatever_o the_o school_n surmise_v the_o sea_n be_v at_o least_o as_o salt_n at_o the_o bottom_n as_o at_o the_o top_n so_o i_o have_v more_o than_o once_o try_v that_o salt_n water_n will_v without_o freeze_a admit_v a_o much_o great_a degree_n of_o cold_a then_o be_v necessary_a to_o turn_v fresh_a water_n into_o ice_n finis_fw-la relation_n about_o the_o bottom_z of_o the_o sea._n relation_n about_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n the_o first_o section_n i_o do_v not_o pretend_v to_o have_v visit_v the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n but_o since_o none_o of_o the_o naturalist_n who_o writing_n i_o have_v yet_o meet_v with_o have_v be_v there_o any_o more_o than_o i_o and_o it_o be_v great_a rarity_n in_o these_o cold_a part_n of_o europe_n to_o meet_v with_o any_o man_n at_o all_o that_o have_v have_v at_o once_o the_o boldness_n the_o occasion_n the_o opportunity_n and_o the_o skill_n to_o penetrate_v into_o those_o conceal_a and_o dangerous_a recess_n of_o nature_n much_o less_o to_o make_v any_o stay_n there_o i_o presume_v it_o will_v not_o be_v unpleasant_a if_o about_o a_o subject_n of_o which_o though_o none_o of_o those_o very_o few_o naturalist_n that_o write_v any_o thing_n at_o all_o write_v otherwise_o then_o by_o hear-say_n i_o recite_v in_o this_o place_n what_o i_o have_v learn_v by_o enquity_n from_o those_o person_n that_o among_o the_o many_o navigator_n and_o traveler_n i_o have_v have_v opportunity_n to_o converse_v with_o be_v the_o likely_a to_o give_v i_o good_a information_n about_o these_o matter_n it_o will_v be_v needless_a here_o to_o take_v notice_n that_o the_o sea_n be_v usual_o cold_a and_o salt_n at_o the_o bottom_n nor_o to_o repeat_v those_o other_o thing_n that_o i_o have_v already_o deliver_v in_o other_o discourse_n i_o shall_v therefore_o begin_v what_o i_o have_v to_o say_v in_o this_o by_o relate_v that_o one_o of_o the_o chief_a thing_n that_o i_o be_v solicitous_a to_o inquire_v after_o about_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v the_o inequality_n i_o suppose_v to_o 〈◊〉_d in_o the_o soil_n for_o though_o the_o surface_n of_o thâ—_n sea_n when_o it_o be_v not_o agitate_a by_o the_o wind_n appear_v very_o plain_a and_o level_v and_o though_o it_o be_v indeed_o at_o least_o iâ—_n this_o or_o that_o particular_a sea_n spherical_a and_z physical_o speak_v concentricall_a to_o the_o earth_n yet_o i_o can_v not_o think_v it_o probable_a for_o reason_n not_o necessary_a to_o be_v here_o discourse_v of_o that_o the_o bottom_n the_o superficies_n of_o the_o ground_n or_o of_o the_o vess_n will_v that_o contain_v it_o shall_v be_v either_o flat_a or_o level_n or_o regular_o concave_a to_o satisfy_v myself_o about_o this_o matter_n i_o inquire_v of_o a_o person_n that_o have_v visit_v the_o famous_a pearl_n fish_v at_o the_o little_a island_n of_o manar_n near_o the_o rich_a isle_n of_o ceylon_n in_o the_o east_n indies_n and_o have_v by_o his_o stay_n there_o much_o opportunity_n to_o see_v divers_a at_o their_o work_n and_o converse_v with_o they_o by_o the_o answer_n of_o this_o man_n who_o be_v a_o scholar_n i_o learn_v that_o the_o divers_a have_v assure_v he_o that_o they_o find_v the_o floor_n of_o the_o sea_n if_o i_o may_v so_o call_v it_o in_o divers_a place_n exceed_o unequal_a in_o some_o place_n be_v flat_a in_o other_o asperate_v with_o crabby_a rock_n a_o considerable_a height_n and_o elsewhere_o sink_v into_o precipitous_a depth_n in_o which_o they_o find_v it_o very_o cold_a beside_o the_o recite_v testimony_n of_o the_o divers_a i_o inquire_v of_o several_a pilate_n and_o other_o navigator_n that_o have_v make_v long_a voyage_n what_o gradual_a or_o abrupt_a inequality_n they_o have_v observe_v at_o their_o sounding_n in_o very_a neighbour_a place_n it_o be_v easy_a to_o be_v gather_v from_o thence_o whether_o the_o sea_n be_v there_o uniform_o deep_a or_o do_v at_o least_o with_o some_o regularity_n alter_v its_o depth_n by_o degree_n or_o whether_o as_o i_o suspect_v there_o be_v not_o at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o seâ—_n â—illy_a place_n and_o steep_a praecipice_n and_o perhaps_o deep_a valley_n or_o well_n as_o we_o observe_v in_o the_o discover_a part_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n by_o these_o inquiry_n i_o obtain_v several_a observation_n whereof_o the_o most_o material_a be_v those_o that_o follow_v first_o a_o ancient_a sea-commander_n that_o have_v many_o year_n frequent_v africa_n and_o the_o indies_n tell_v i_o as_o other_o have_v do_v before_o that_o when_o they_o sail_v in_o the_o ocean_n very_o far_o from_o sight_n of_o land_n they_o do_v not_o often_o put_v themselves_o to_o the_o trouble_n of_o sound_a but_o that_o as_o far_o as_o they_o have_v sound_v he_o have_v usual_o find_v the_o depth_n of_o the_o sea_n to_o increase_v or_o decrease_v gradual_o without_o very_o great_a irregularity_n except_v some_o place_n instance_v particular_o in_o the_o excavation_n that_o make_v the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n within_o sight_n of_o the_o cape_n of_o good_a hope_n where_o though_o for_o the_o most_o part_n he_o find_v the_o water_n to_o deepen_v more_o and_o more_o as_o he_o sail_v far_o from_o the_o shore_n yet_o in_o one_o place_n he_o and_o other_o have_v meet_v with_o a_o bank_n as_o he_o conceive_v it_o to_o be_v at_o a_o considerable_a distance_n from_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n so_o that_o though_o when_o they_o be_v as_o they_o imagine_v near_o the_o edge_n of_o that_o bank_n they_o find_v but_o a_o moderate_a number_n of_o fathom_n yet_o when_o sail_v a_o very_a little_a way_n far_o they_o have_v go_v beyond_o it_o they_o find_v the_o sea_n of_o a_o immense_a depth_n in_o short_a i_o gather_v from_o his_o answer_n that_o in_o the_o great_a sea_n he_o have_v find_v for_o the_o most_o part_n the_o ground_n at_o the_o bottom_n to_o fall_v away_o by_o degree_n but_o near_o the_o shore_n that_o be_v within_o a_o moderate_a number_n of_o league_n he_o observe_v in_o divers_a place_n that_o the_o submarine_n ground_n be_v very_o unequal_a and_o have_v as_o it_o be_v hill_n and_o praecipice_n a_o man_n of_o letter_n that_o have_v sail_v both_o to_o the_o east_n and_o west_n indies_n and_o in_o divers_a other_o region_n beside_o and_o have_v make_v some_o of_o his_o voyage_n in_o ship_n of_o such_o great_a burden_n as_o oblige_v the_o mariner_n to_o be_v very_o frequent_a and_o careful_a in_o sound_v inform_v i_o that_o some_o time_n at_o considerable_a distance_n from_o shore_n he_o have_v observe_v the_o sea_n to_o be_v 20_o 30_o or_o perhaps_o 40_o fathom_n deep_o when_o they_o cast_v the_o sound_a lead_n from_o one_o side_n of_o the_o ship_n than_o it_o have_v be_v just_a before_o when_o they_o have_v sound_v from_o the_o other_o and_o from_o other_o thing_n that_o he_o tell_v i_o i_o find_v myself_o much_o confirm_v in_o the_o above_o propose_a opinion_n hear_v of_o a_o sea-captain_n of_o extraordinary_a skill_n in_o maritine_n affair_n that_o be_v come_v home_o this_o year_n from_o east-india_n his_o reputation_n make_v i_o endeavour_v to_o have_v a_o little_a conference_n with_o he_o about_o the_o subject_n of_o this_o discourse_n but_o his_o occasion_n hasten_v he_o to_o another_o place_n before_o i_o can_v send_v to_o he_o i_o procure_v from_o the_o chief_a person_n that_o employ_v he_o a_o sight_n of_o some_o note_n touch_v his_o last_o voyage_n which_o he_o have_v leave_v with_o they_o hope_v to_o sin_v there_o something_o at_o least_o about_o the_o sounding_n of_o so_o accurate_a a_o seaman_n and_o according_o i_o meet_v with_o a_o passage_n very_o pertinent_a to_o my_o purpose_n and_o worthy_a to_o be_v here_o transcribe_v febr._n 12._o after_o our_o observation_n he_o mean_v a_o former_a one_o very_o agreeable_a to_o this_o see_v the_o ground_n under_o we_o we_o heave_v the_o lead_n and_o have_v but_o 19_o fathom_n rocky_a ground_n then_o hale_v by_o n.n._n et._n the_o wind_n at_o n.w._n and_o find_v our_o water_n to_o shoal_n from_o 19_o to_o 10_o and_o 8_o fathom_v