garden_n about_o 2_o after_o ten_o night_n frost_n the_o ground_n in_o the_o garden_n be_v freeze_v about_o 6_o inch_n ½_n and_o that_o in_o the_o orchard_n be_v freeze_v 8_o ½_n or_o more_o eight_o day_n after_o it_o be_v freeze_v about_o a_o foot_n deep_a 5._o a_o pipe_n of_o glass_n 18_o inch_n long_o be_v thrust_v down_o into_o a_o hole_n in_o the_o ground_n the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n contain_v in_o it_o be_v level_a with_o the_o earth_n the_o next_o morning_n the_o whole_a capacity_n of_o the_o cylinder_n be_v freeze_v 3_o inch_n from_o which_o stick_v of_o ice_n a_o part_n of_o the_o cylinder_n be_v freeze_v 6_o inch_n deep_a but_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o water_n remain_v unfreeze_v the_o ground_n in_o the_o garden_n that_o night_n be_v freeze_v ten_o inch_n deep_a 6._o it_o have_v be_v observe_v that_o in_o moscow_n the_o ground_n in_o a_o garden_n be_v not_o freeze_v above_o two_o foot_n deep_a but_o capt._n james_n say_v in_o charlton-island_n he_o observe_v the_o 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_n and_o on_o the_o other_o ½_n part_v of_o the_o thickness_n of_o it_o 4._o plate_n of_o ice_n be_v lay_v upon_o a_o stool_n
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into_o a_o orderly_a and_o well_o contrive_v fabric_n chap._n iu_o consideration_n concern_v subordinate_a form_n as_o they_o be_v usual_o hold_v by_o several_a learned_a modern_a philosopher_n it_o be_v usual_o hold_v by_o several_a modern_a philosopher_n that_o beside_o the_o specific_a form_n of_o a_o body_n form_n the_o notion_n of_o modern_a philosopher_n concern_v subordinate_a form_n there_o be_v several_a subordinate_a form_n in_o determinate_a part_n of_o it_o subservient_fw-fr to_o that_o which_o be_v the_o common_a form_n of_o the_o whole_a substance_n and_o which_o upon_o the_o dissolution_n of_o a_o body_n become_v specific_a form_n themselves_o the_o specific_a form_n which_o preside_v over_o they_o before_o be_v destroy_v as_o when_o in_o a_o live_a animal_n the_o soul_n which_o be_v the_o specific_a form_n of_o that_o animal_n body_n be_v separate_v from_o it_o the_o form_n which_o be_v before_o lodge_v in_o every_o part_n as_o subordinate_a
have_v to_o stick_v to_o the_o pore_n of_o another_o whence_o some_o fluid_a body_n who_o part_n be_v not_o adapt_v so_o as_o to_o adhere_v to_o the_o pore_n of_o other_o body_n want_v that_o quality_n as_o quicksilver_n which_o slip_v over_o the_o surface_v of_o most_o body_n without_o stick_v to_o they_o though_o in_o respect_n of_o some_o as_o gold_n or_o tin_n it_o may_v be_v esteem_v fluid_fw-la since_o inasmuch_o as_o it_o dissolve_v they_o it_o have_v much_o the_o same_o virtue_n as_o liquid_n have_v in_o soften_a other_o substance_n and_o that_o humidity_n depend_v on_o a_o apt_a configuration_n of_o the_o part_n of_o matter_n and_o their_o congruity_n with_o the_o pore_n of_o other_o body_n be_v further_a evident_a since_o water_n itself_o in_o respect_n of_o some_o body_n be_v not_o moist_a as_o the_o feather_n of_o swan_n duck_n etc._n etc._n add_v to_o this_o that_o it_o be_v further_a observable_a that_o when_o the_o texture_n of_o a_o liquor_n be_v change_v it_o may_v 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it_o though_o separate_v by_o pore_n so_o small_a as_o to_o be_v undiscerned_a and_o though_o the._n vacuity_n betwixt_o the_o part_n of_o powder_a nitre_n be_v so_o large_a as_o to_o be_v discern_v by_o the_o eye_n yet_o when_o its_o corpuscle_n by_o the_o action_n of_o the_o fire_n be_v render_v more_o minute_n not_o only_a salt-petre_n but_o gold_n also_o be_v say_v to_o possess_v a_o less_o space_n and_o consequent_o must_v leave_v less_o vacuity_n betwixt_o their_o part_n and_o which_o be_v altogether_o invisible_a to_o the_o eye_n for_o which_o reason_n the_o body_n appear_v continuous_a determine_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o part_n of_o liquids_n various_o determine_v and_o that_o the_o particle_n of_o fluid_a body_n be_v in_o motion_n various_o determine_v appear_v from_o their_o effect_n since_o they_o not_o only_o penetrate_v but_o putrify_v some_o body_n and_o present_o dissolve_v they_o as_o when_o sugar_n be_v cast_v into_o water_n that_o sweet_a substance_n be_v dissolve_v and_o its_o part_n so_o much_o associate_v with_o those_o of_o the_o water_n as_o to_o be_v carry_v up_o to_o the_o top_n of_o it_o which_o be_v further_a observable_a in_o sea-water_n who_o salt_n upon_o evaporation_n swim_v at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o remain_a liquor_n and_o it_o be_v not_o less_o remarkable_a that_o a_o solution_n of_o gold_n in_o aquaregis_n will_v present_o tincture_n twenty_o time_n as_o much_o fair_a water_n and_o further_o that_o the_o particle_n of_o flame_n may_v be_v discern_v to_o move_v very_o fierce_o even_o by_o the_o eye_n be_v common_o know_v and_o further_o confirm_v both_o by_o their_o operation_n and_o the_o ray_n which_o every_o way_n expand_v themselves_o and_o strike_v against_o the_o neighbour_a body_n and_o that_o the_o air_n have_v its_o part_n in_o a_o constant_a motion_n various_o agitate_a we_o have_v ä_n great_a deal_n of_o reason_n to_o believe_v since_o we_o may_v easy_o discern_v whole_a swarm_n of_o mote_n swim_v up_o and_o down_o in_o the_o sunbeam_n and_o not_o only_o so_o but_o in_o clear_a sunshine_a day_n we_o may_v perceive_v on_o the_o wall_n of_o church_n and_o other_o spacious_a building_n certain_a obscure_a shade_n to_o quiver_n and_o tremble_v and_o we_o have_v yet_o a_o further_a instance_n in_o salt_n of_o tartar_n which_o after_o fusion_n be_v for_o a_o considerable_a time_n leave_v in_o a_o moist_a cellar_n will_v dissolve_v and_o put_v on_o the_o form_n of_o a_o clear_a liquor_n by_o imbibe_v the_o moistness_n of_o the_o circumambient_a air_n which_o penetrate_v and_o get_v into_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o salt_n by_o a_o intestine_a and_o powerful_a motion_n and_o it_o be_v further_a to_o be_v note_a that_o if_o in_o summer_n cold_a water_n be_v put_v into_o a_o glass_n the_o moist_a vapour_n which_o move_v about_o it_o will_v be_v condense_v on_o the_o outward_a side_n of_o the_o glass_n and_o appear_v in_o the_o form_n of_o dew_n those_o moist_a particle_n which_o swim_v in_o the_o air_n be_v by_o the_o perpetual_a motion_n of_o its_o part_n successive_o drive_v upon_o the_o external_n superficies_n of_o it_o in_o try_v of_o which_o experiment_n it_o be_v remarkable_a that_o the_o dew_n on_o the_o outside_n be_v not_o to_o be_v observe_v above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o liquor_n contain_v in_o it_o and_o these_o relation_n be_v the_o less_o to_o be_v wonder_v at_o if_o we_o consider_v that_o so_o weighty_a a_o body_n as_o lead_v may_v be_v raise_v in_o the_o form_n of_o smoke_n a_o considerable_a height_n into_o the_o air_n by_o the_o assistance_n of_o proper_a vessel_n place_v in_o a_o convenient_a furnace_n which_o smoke_n will_v be_v soon_o scatter_v and_o disperse_v by_o the_o various_a motion_n of_o aerial_a particle_n and_o this_o experiment_n do_v not_o only_o show_v that_o the_o part_n of_o air_n be_v in_o a_o perpetual_a motion_n but_o also_o how_o much_o the_o minuteness_n of_o they_o contribute_v to_o their_o fluidity_n and_o though_o quicksilver_n much_o exceed_v any_o other_o body_n in_o weight_n except_o gold_n yet_o it_o be_v minute_n part_n agitate_a and_o raise_v in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o vapour_n will_n like_o other_o small_a particle_n of_o matter_n glide_v to_o and_o fro_o in_o the_o air_n whence_o it_o have_v oftentime_o happen_v that_o in_o evaporate_n of_o it_o several_a piece_n of_o gold_n have_v be_v so_o whiten_v over_o with_o the_o fume_n of_o it_o as_o not_o to_o be_v get_v off_o again_o without_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o trouble_n but_o to_o make_v it_o almost_o visible_a that_o the_o part_n of_o liquid_a body_n be_v perpetual_o in_o a_o various_o determine_v motion_n mix_v a_o solution_n of_o unrefined_a silver_n in_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la with_o 15_o time_n its_o proportion_n of_o fair_a water_n decant_v or_o filtrate_v the_o clear_a mixture_n in_o which_o liquor_n the_o part_n of_o the_o silver_n be_v not_o in_o the_o least_o discern_v though_o upon_o immerge_v a_o copperplate_n into_o it_o the_o particle_n of_o that_o metal_n which_o before_o swim_v up_o and_o down_o in_o the_o mixture_n present_o adhere_v to_o the_o copper_n and_o crust_v it_o over_o with_o a_o metalline_a powder_n and_o if_o the_o copper_n plate_n remain_v in_o that_o liquor_n for_o a_o night_n the_o whole_a scatter_a corpuscle_n of_o silver_n will_v be_v collect_v together_o about_o they_o the_o liquor_n be_v tincture_v with_o a_o blue_a tincture_n by_o some_o part_n of_o the_o copper_n corrode_v and_o divide_v into_o part_n by_o the_o salt_n part_v of_o the_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la and_o to_o render_v this_o experiment_n still_o more_o useful_a i_o have_v observe_v that_o by_o let_v a_o piece_n of_o spiltre_n lie_v in_o this_o tincture_n for_o some_o day_n the_o copper_n particle_n be_v gather_v round_o about_o that_o also_o from_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o liquor_n which_o can_v not_o be_v be_v not_o the_o water_n in_o a_o perpetual_a intestine_a motion_n so_o that_o its_o part_n may_v by_o often_o change_v their_o place_n successive_o strike_v against_o the_o spelter_n and_o so_o leave_v the_o silver_n behind_o to_o this_o experiment_n may_v be_v add_v another_o which_o i_o have_v long_o since_o try_v when_o first_o i_o begin_v to_o consider_v the_o reason_n of_o fluidity_n i_o drop_v then_o into_o spirit_n of_o wine_n moderate_o deflegm_v a_o small_a quantity_n of_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n let_v it_o fall_v so_o far_o that_o it_o may_v by_o the_o force_n of_o it_o be_v break_v into_o small_a drop_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o tenacity_n be_v unapt_a to_o mix_v with_o the_o spirit_n will_v swim_v upon_o it_o and_o be_v move_v up_o and_o down_o various_o and_o irregular_o by_o the_o spirituous_a part_n of_o the_o liquor_n which_o strike_v against_o they_o in_o their_o ascension_n and_o whilst_o these_o spirituous_a part_n continue_v to_o exhale_v it_o be_v
relation_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o i_o have_v often_o observe_v a_o dulness_n and_o clearness_n to_o succeed_v each_o other_o in_o a_o diamond_n which_o i_o now_o have_v set_v in_o a_o ring_n with_o the_o former_a which_o change_n can_v be_v attribute_v to_o no_o manifest_a cause_n and_o i_o have_v observe_v no_o less_o suprize_v a_o change_n in_o the_o several_a degree_n of_o electricity_n which_o can_v not_o be_v effect_v by_o any_o cause_n that_o i_o can_v think_v of_o and_o i_o have_v be_v inform_v by_o one_o who_o have_v a_o certain_a hungarian_a diamond_n that_o it_o will_v acquire_v a_o much_o great_a degree_n of_o sprightness_n by_o lie_v some_o time_n in_o water_n from_o all_o which_o it_o appear_v that_o considerable_a change_n may_v be_v effect_v in_o diamond_n by_o agent_n which_o to_o sense_n operate_v very_o gentle_o and_o if_o diamond_n be_v generate_v in_o the_o earth_n as_o i_o have_v observe_v other_o stone_n to_o be_v it_o be_v reasonable_a to_o think_v that_o the_o 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will_v be_v break_v in_o piece_n they_o do_v also_o easy_o break_v upon_o the_o wheel_n and_o those_o that_o be_v not_o verse_v in_o the_o knowledge_n of_o stone_n may_v be_v easy_o deceive_v in_o they_o and_o the_o same_o author_n speak_v of_o another_o sort_n of_o diamond_n say_v that_o they_o sweat_v a_o sort_n of_o unctuous_a substance_n which_o be_v wipe_v off_o as_o often_o renew_v its_o appearance_n and_o to_o these_o i_o shall_v add_v a_o account_n of_o a_o ruby_n which_o be_v one_o of_o the_o hard_a diamond_n one_o of_o which_o a_o lady_n near_o relate_v to_o i_o wear_v upon_o her_o finger_n which_o will_v often_o change_v its_o lustre_n the_o cause_n of_o which_o can_v not_o be_v assign_v though_o these_o kind_n of_o phaenomena_n seem_v to_o be_v the_o effect_n of_o some_o internal_a motion_n in_o their_o part_n the_o part_n of_o diamond_n be_v capable_a of_o have_v their_o part_n put_v into_o motion_n without_o much_o difficulty_n but_o though_o it_o be_v hence_o evident_a that_o there_o be_v such_o a_o intestine_a motion_n of_o the_o part_n of_o diamond_n yet_o it_o may_v be_v think_v strange_a to_o find_v the_o like_a in_o so_o firm_a and_o compact_a a_o body_n as_o glass_n but_o that_o the_o part_n of_o glass_n be_v not_o always_o at_o rest_n i_o be_o induce_v to_o believe_v by_o the_o follow_a observation_n first_o that_o several_a plate_n of_o venice-glass_n have_v crack_v and_o break_v in_o piece_n when_o no_o external_a agent_n can_v have_v any_o sensible_a operation_n on_o they_o which_o i_o conceive_v to_o proceed_v from_o a_o redundancy_n of_o saline_n part_n which_o strive_v to_o fly_v away_o break_v the_o glass_n by_o their_o violent_a motion_n which_o conjecture_n i_o be_o confirm_v in_o since_o it_o be_v common_o observe_v motion_n the_o part_n of_o glass_n in_o motion_n that_o there_o be_v a_o saline_n substance_n adhere_v to_o the_o surface_n of_o these_o glass_n in_o cold_a moist_a wether_n and_o i_o have_v observe_v in_o a_o glass_n into_o which_o too_o much_o salt_n be_v put_v to_o make_v it_o diaphanous_a several_a crack_n and_o flaw_n which_o it_o get_v in_o the_o cold_a wether_n so_o that_o it_o rather_o appear_v to_o be_v a_o white_a than_o a_o glass-cup_n at_o a_o distance_n and_o i_o as_o well_o as_o those_o that_o deal_v much_o among_o glass_n have_v observe_v several_a to_o fly_v in_o piece_n when_o there_o be_v no_o outward_a agent_n to_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o such_o a_o effect_n and_o i_o be_o inform_v by_o a_o ingenious_a man_n who_o be_v master_n of_o a_o glass-house_n that_o near_o a_o three_o part_n of_o a_o parcel_n of_o glass_n fly_v in_o piece_n of_o their_o own_o accord_n after_o they_o have_v be_v keep_v for_o about_o five_o year_n pack_v up_o to_o which_o i_o may_v add_v several_a other_o instance_n to_o prove_v and_o illustrate_v the_o doctrine_n above-delivered_a for_o these_o phaenomena_n may_v be_v and_o be_v very_o natural_o account_v for_o by_o the_o corpuscular_a philosophy_n for_o suppose_v the_o particle_n of_o glass_n to_o be_v in_o a_o continual_a elastic_a endeavour_n to_o expand_v themselves_o and_o fly_v away_o and_o that_o several_a of_o those_o particle_n be_v get_v together_o it_o be_v no_o wonder_n that_o they_o break_v and_o dis-joint_n those_o part_n of_o the_o unite_a glass_n which_o be_v least_o able_a to_o resist_v and_o keep_v they_o from_o expansion_n and_o to_o countenance_v this_o explanation_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o several_a alkalizate_n or_o other_o small_a part_n of_o matter_n be_v enclose_v in_o the_o body_n of_o a_o glass_n it_o be_v always_o apt_a to_o break_v especial_o at_o that_o place_n from_o whence_o several_a crack_v spread_v themselves_o as_o from_o a_o centre_n but_o whether_o the_o elasticity_n of_o these_o part_n be_v promote_v by_o any_o subtle_a body_n which_o penetrate_v the_o glass_n i_o shall_v not_o now_o stay_v to_o examine_v but_o shall_v rather_o proceed_v to_o acquaint_v you_o that_o in_o a_o considerable_a space_n of_o time_n the_o texture_n of_o glass_n may_v be_v so_o alter_v as_o to_o be_v more_o unapt_a to_o give_v a_o free_a passage_n to_o aether_n itself_o or_o any_o other_o subtle_a body_n which_o can_v penetrate_v it_o before_o and_o consequent_o those_o body_n endeavour_v to_o make_v their_o way_n though_o oppose_v by_o its_o texture_n cause_n a_o proportionable_a crack_n or_o dissolution_n of_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o glass_n glass_n observation_n concern_v the_o intestine_a motion_n of_o the_o part_n of_o glass_n and_o to_o what_o we_o have_v deliver_v concern_v glass_n these_o observation_n be_v not_o altogether_o disagreeable_a viz._n first_o that_o it_o be_v a_o substance_n which_o by_o be_v rub_v easy_o become_v electrical_a which_o be_v a_o argument_n that_o the_o part_n of_o it_o may_v without_o any_o great_a difficulty_n be_v put_v into_o motion_n second_o the_o part_n of_o glass_n may_v fly_v asunder_o if_o the_o neighbour_a part_n be_v put_v into_o motion_n 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which_o the_o crack_v of_o glass_n may_v be_v account_v for_o to_o show_v that_o which_o soever_o of_o they_o we_o allow_v they_o will_v be_v proof_n of_o a_o intestine_a motion_n in_o the_o part_n of_o glass_n yet_o i_o will_v neither_o examine_v or_o determine_v which_o of_o they_o be_v rather_o to_o be_v rely_v on_o but_o shall_v only_o observe_v that_o the_o motion_n of_o their_o part_n must_v needs_o be_v very_o slow_a since_o it_o be_v so_o long_o before_o it_o show_v its_o effect_n and_o now_o to_o conclude_v though_o from_o what_o have_v be_v deliver_v it_o may_v be_v expect_v that_o i_o shall_v draw_v consequence_n to_o determine_v whether_o there_o be_v absolute_a rest_n in_o body_n or_o no_o i_o shall_v omit_v that_o and_o only_o intimate_v that_o it_o be_v not_o absurd_a to_o doubt_v nor_o improbable_a to_o
colour_n which_o phaenomena_n can_v by_o no_o mean_n be_v exhibit_v be_v not_o either_o some_o insensible_a corpuscle_n transmit_v in_o the_o form_n of_o effluvia_fw-la from_o those_o object_n or_o some_o other_o subtle_a particle_n of_o matter_n direct_v by_o local_a motion_n from_o the_o object_n to_o the_o paper_n and_o from_o thence_o to_o the_o eye_n phaenomena_n the_o establish_v law_n of_o the_o universe_n contribute_v to_o the_o produce_v of_o several_a phaenomena_n from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o establish_v law_n of_o the_o universe_n in_o a_o great_a measure_n contribute_v to_o the_o produce_v of_o several_a phaenomena_n which_o arise_v from_o the_o operation_n of_o insensible_a and_o unheeded_a cause_n for_o a_o further_a confirmation_n of_o which_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o if_o a_o bar_n of_o iron_n be_v hold_v in_o a_o perpendicular_a line_n so_o that_o the_o low_a end_n of_o it_o touch_v the_o northern_a point_n of_o a_o magnetical_a needle_n it_o will_v 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or_o size_n nor_o for_o as_o much_o as_o can_v be_v perceive_v by_o the_o eye_n lose_v none_o of_o its_o part_n yet_o by_o a_o invisible_a change_n of_o texture_n effect_v by_o the_o magnetical_a effluvia_fw-la of_o the_o earth_n it_o may_v alter_v its_o verticity_n according_a to_o the_o different_a posture_n it_o be_v permit_v to_o cool_v in_o and_o the_o like_a change_n i_o have_v observe_v in_o iron_n who_o verticity_n be_v alter_v by_o a_o change_n of_o texture_n wrought_v by_o so_o weak_a a_o agent_n as_o the_o earth_n to_o these_o we_o may_v add_v several_a instance_n in_o liquid_a body_n and_o first_o that_o though_o honey_n and_o water_n mix_v together_o in_o a_o undue_a proportion_n reserve_v each_o their_o distinct_a nature_n yet_o if_o four_o or_o five_o part_n of_o water_n be_v add_v to_o one_o part_n of_o honey_n by_o some_o subtle_a agent_n or_o other_o they_o be_v present_o ferment_v and_o unite_v into_o one_o common_a mass_n and_o i_o be_o assure_v by_o a_o merchant_n who_o live_v several_a year_n in_o the_o canary_n island_n that_o if_o a_o hogshead_n of_o wine_n close_o stop_v be_v violent_o roll_v along_o the_o texture_n of_o the_o liquor_n will_v be_v so_o change_v that_o if_o it_o be_v but_o about_o a_o month_n old_a one_o of_o the_o end_n will_v be_v burst_v out_o and_o the_o liquor_n lose_v another_o instance_n in_o which_o the_o texture_n of_o the_o body_n dispose_v it_o to_o be_v so_o powerful_o work_v upon_o we_o have_v in_o glass_n which_o upon_o a_o sudden_a removal_n from_o the_o fire_n into_o cold_a water_n be_v subject_a to_o fly_v in_o piece_n but_o a_o instance_n which_o be_v more_o remarkable_a be_v that_o a_o hot_a plate_n of_o copper_n be_v permit_v to_o cool_v upon_o some_o which_o be_v more_o moderate_o hot_a in_o the_o fire_n and_o thence_o remove_v upon_o a_o plate_n several_a piece_n like_o scale_n will_v fly_v off_o it_o when_o expose_v to_o the_o atmosphere_n and_o to_o conclude_v this_o chapter_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o the_o bolonian_a stone_n acquire_v such_o a_o admirable_a quality_n by_o calcination_n that_o by_o be_v place_v in_o the_o sunbeam_n for_o some_o time_n it_o get_v such_o a_o degree_n of_o luminousness_n as_o to_o retain_v it_o a_o considerable_a time_n when_o remove_v into_o the_o dark_a chap._n ii_o of_o cosmical_a suspicion_n the_o world_n about_o we_o be_v stock_v with_o such_o a_o variety_n of_o object_n and_o other_o thing_n too_o small_a or_o subtle_a to_o be_v discern_v it_o may_v not_o be_v unuseful_a upon_o some_o account_n to_o propose_v conjecture_n where_o the_o subject_a consider_v admit_v of_o no_o clear_a discovery_n first_o suspicion_n the_o first_o and_o first_o it_o be_v not_o without_o reason_n i_o suspect_v that_o beside_o those_o uniform_a part_n of_o matter_n of_o which_o the_o aether_n by_o some_o philosopher_n be_v think_v to_o consist_v there_o be_v also_o several_a other_o part_n of_o matter_n which_o be_v different_o dispose_v to_o work_v upon_o body_n according_a to_o the_o various_a texture_n of_o those_o body_n they_o chance_v to_o work_v upon_o or_o according_a to_o the_o different_a agent_n they_o chance_v to_o work_v concurrent_o with_o and_o this_o suspicion_n be_v not_o improbable_a since_o the_o inquisitive_a gilbert_n have_v not_o only_o discover_v the_o magnetical_a quality_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v diffuse_v on_o every_o side_n but_o also_o it_o be_v common_o know_v that_o upon_o the_o hunt_n of_o a_o deer_n several_a subtle_a effluvia_fw-la be_v leave_v behind_o in_o the_o air_n which_o we_o shall_v pass_v by_o unobserved_a be_v there_o not_o such_o creature_n as_o bloodhound_n endow_v with_o organ_n fit_v to_o receive_v those_o subtle_a steam_n second_o a_o second_o and_o it_o be_v not_o a_o little_a strange_a that_o several_a person_n shall_v have_v such_o peculiar_a temperament_n as_o to_o be_v able_a to_o discover_v
we_o consider_v the_o vast_a variety_n of_o body_n contain_v in_o and_o about_o our_o globe_n it_o can_v scarce_o be_v imagine_v that_o nature_n shall_v always_o keep_v to_o one_o constant_a and_o regular_a way_n of_o act_v but_o that_o in_o several_a particular_n she_o must_v deviate_v and_o operate_v various_o for_o not_o to_o mention_v that_o astronomer_n have_v observe_v even_o natural_a day_n to_o vary_v in_o length_n and_o have_v dispute_v much_o concern_v the_o anomalic_a assign_v to_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n apogeum_n the_o sun_n itself_o have_v be_v sometime_o observe_v to_o be_v even_o obscure_v by_o opacous_a matter_n as_o in_o caesar_n time_n and_o at_o the_o begin_n of_o augustus_n his_o government_n when_o the_o sun_n be_v for_o near_o a_o whole_a year_n obscure_v to_o which_o we_o may_v subjoin_v the_o number_n duration_n and_o vastness_n as_o well_o as_o motion_n of_o some_o comet_n and_o i_o be_o inform_v that_o in_o the_o northern_a hemisphere_n in_o that_o part_n of_o the_o galaxy_n which_o be_v not_o to_o be_v discern_v by_o we_o there_o be_v certain_a black_a and_o near_o the_o northern_a pole_n white_a cloud_n which_o move_v along_o with_o the_o galaxy_n in_o twenty_o four_o hour_n and_o these_o may_v be_v discern_v by_o those_o that_o sail_n 18_o degree_n south_n latitude_n but_o i_o shall_v not_o insist_v upon_o these_o as_o argument_n since_o i_o suspect_v those_o black_a cloud_n to_o be_v nothing_o but_o the_o azure_a sky_n appear_v through_o the_o galaxy_n and_o those_o white_a one_o to_o be_v only_a constellation_n like_o those_o of_o the_o galaxy_n or_o the_o belt_n of_o orion_n law_n nature_n may_v not_o always_o be_v exact_a in_o her_o law_n but_o have_v hint_v that_o nature_n may_v not_o always_o be_v exact_o regular_a in_o the_o motion_n of_o planet_n etc._n etc._n i_o shall_v here_o intimate_v that_o sometime_o we_o may_v think_v those_o motion_n which_o be_v periodical_a and_o return_v at_o set_a time_n irregular_a because_o we_o live_v not_o long_a enough_o to_o observe_v the_o frequent_a return_v of_o such_o change_n as_o we_o usual_o esteem_v prodigy_n in_o nature_n for_o it_o will_v as_o much_o be_v think_v strange_a to_o see_v tree_n blossom_n and_o fruit_n in_o the_o summer_n to_o a_o man_n that_o live_v but_o one_o year_n as_o several_a other_o phaenomena_n be_v strange_a to_o we_o who_o have_v not_o live_v long_o enough_o to_o have_v observe_v such_o phaenomena_n in_o their_o periodical_a turn_v before_o so_o before_o the_o different_a appearance_n of_o saturn_n have_v often_o be_v observe_v they_o be_v think_v prodigy_n but_o it_o be_v most_o remarkable_a that_o several_a star_n have_v periodical_o appear_v and_o disappear_v several_a time_n in_o the_o same_o place_n as_o have_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o girdle_n of_o andromeda_n and_o about_o the_o swan_n breast_n and_o another_o among_o the_o fix_a star_n in_o the_o whale_n neck_n these_o i_o say_v be_v most_o remarkable_a because_o they_o not_o only_o confirm_v what_o i_o have_v be_v say_v of_o the_o periodical_a appearance_n of_o some_o phaenomena_n but_o invalidate_n the_o philosophical_a system_n of_o some_o who_o allow_v of_o no_o vortices_fw-la beyond_o the_o concave_a surface_n of_o the_o firmament_n firmament_n vortices_fw-la beyond_o the_o concave_a surface_n of_o the_o firmament_n but_o if_o rather_o than_o to_o allow_v of_o vortices_fw-la beyond_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o firmament_n we_o will_v imagine_v the_o star_n which_o appear_v and_o disappear_v to_o have_v dark_a and_o light_a hemisphere_n which_o periodical_o turn_v towards_o our_o globe_n it_o will_v still_o be_v a_o argument_n to_o question_v the_o uniformity_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o some_o of_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o universe_n since_o at_o so_o vast_a a_o distance_n such_o considerable_a alteration_n be_v observable_a but_o to_o conclude_v this_o chapter_n it_o may_v be_v a_o question_n whether_o such_o prodigious_a change_n as_o be_v sometimus_fw-la observe_v may_v not_o by_o be_v frequent_o repeat_v become_v a_o custom_n and_o have_v a_o right_a to_o be_v reckon_v among_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n chap._n iii_o of_o the_o temperature_n of_o subterraneal_a region_n as_o to_o heat_n and_o cold._n for_o some_o reason_n have_v be_v unable_a to_o examine_v into_o the_o temper_n of_o the_o air_n in_o subterraneal_a region_n myself_o i_o shall_v rather_o give_v such_o a_o account_n of_o it_o as_o i_o have_v receive_v from_o several_a person_n grove_n the_o temper_n of_o the_o air_n in_o grove_n and_o first_o i_o shall_v relate_v a_o story_n of_o the_o temper_n of_o the_o air_n observe_v by_o a_o chemist_n who_o purposely_o travel_v into_o hungary_n which_o be_v the_o follow_v that_o go_v down_o into_o a_o grove_n at_o the_o first_o entrance_n of_o it_o he_o perceive_v the_o air_n sensible_o warm_a but_o present_o after_o for_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n in_o his_o descent_n he_o feel_v it_o considerable_o cold_a 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correspondent_a to_o the_o different_a season_n of_o the_o year_n viz._n winter_n and_o summer_n i._n the_o temperature_n of_o subterraneal_a region_n consider_v under_o certain_a proposition_n prop._n i._n these_o thing_n premise_v in_o general_n i_o shall_v now_o proceed_v to_o consider_v the_o particular_a region_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o four_o follow_a proposition_n proposition_n i._n the_o bound_n as_o well_o as_o temperature_n of_o the_o first_o region_n be_v very_o different_a the_o reason_n of_o both_o part_n of_o which_o proposition_n be_v plain_a since_o the_o sun_n beam_n must_v not_o only_o penetrate_v deep_a in_o the_o summer_n than_o the_o winter_n but_o also_o because_o the_o solidity_n or_o porousness_n of_o several_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n may_v dispose_v the_o soil_n to_o heat_n or_o coldness_n but_o to_o proceed_v it_o be_v remarkable_a that_o the_o uppermost_a region_n be_v much_o more_o temperate_a because_o both_o the_o violent_a impression_n of_o sun_n beam_n and_o rugged_a wind_n be_v keep_v off_o by_o the_o side_n of_o those_o subterraneal_a cavity_n and_o that_o the_o power_n of_o the_o sun_n beam_n be_v much_o weaken_a by_o those_o side_n be_v plain_a since_o by_o such_o like_a mean_n the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n may_v be_v so_o break_v as_o to_o preserve_v ice_n from_o thaw_v all_o summer_n and_o not_o only_o so_o but_o if_o those_o subterraneal_a cavity_n be_v sufficient_o guard_v with_o a_o cover_n of_o brick_n well_o clay_v over_o and_o be_v by_o that_o mean_n preserve_v from_o any_o intercourse_n with_o the_o external_n air_n it_o may_v be_v preserve_v without_o dig_v deep_a into_o the_o ground_n as_o be_v observe_v in_o the_o south_n part_n of_o france_n so_o that_o though_o the_o coldness_n of_o subterraneal_a cavity_n may_v conduce_v yet_o it_o be_v not_o altogether_o requisite_a to_o preserve_v ice_n from_o a_o thaw_v but_o the_o subterraneal_a region_n be_v not_o only_o preserve_v from_o excessive_a heat_n by_o prevent_v the_o intercourse_n of_o the_o internal_a and_o the_o external_n air_n but_o may_v be_v considerable_o lessen_v in_o such_o cavity_n as_o be_v considerable_o expose_v to_o the_o open_a air_n as_o i_o myself_o have_v observe_v in_o a_o iron_n mine_v not_o above_o twelve_o foot_n deep_a as_o as_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o this_o cold_a region_n of_o the_o air_n be_v not_o apt_a to_o be_v influence_v by_o external_a heat_n in_o the_o summer_n so_o neither_o be_v the_o hot_a region_n subject_a to_o be_v alter_v much_o by_o the_o external_a cold_a in_o winter_n which_o appear_v from_o the_o smoke_n of_o some_o spring_n in_o winter_n which_o be_v supply_v with_o water_n which_o have_v run_v a_o considerable_a depth_n in_o the_o ground_n or_o pass_v through_o some_o earth_n that_o be_v fit_o dispose_v to_o warm_v it_o in_o its_o passage_n but_o further_a that_o winter_n cold_a be_v much_o more_o
thing_n which_o have_v not_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o by_o hydrostatician_n which_o be_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o sea-salt_n to_o its_o bulk_n of_o water_n which_o i_o have_v find_v to_o be_v almost_o as_o two_o to_o one_o and_o i_o likewise_o find_v that_o a_o piece_n of_o sal_fw-la gemm_n which_o be_v more_o pure_a and_o weighty_a than_o sea-salt_n be_v to_o its_o bulk_n of_o water_n about_o as_o 2_o 2_o 8_o to_o 1._o chap._n viii_o memoirs_fw-fr for_o the_o natural_a history_n of_o mineral_n water_n the_o use_n of_o mineral_n water_n be_v so_o universal_a and_o the_o method_n which_o some_o physician_n take_v to_o try_v they_o so_o slight_a that_o though_o i_o be_o satisfy_v it_o be_v difficult_a without_o experience_n to_o ascribe_v virtue_n to_o they_o à _fw-la priori_fw-la by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a variety_n of_o mineral_n which_o may_v impregnate_n they_o with_o particle_n of_o various_a and_o very_a different_a nature_n i_o can_v but_o think_v but_o that_o if_o we_o be_v furnish_v with_o a_o sufficient_a number_n of_o quaeres_fw-la and_o several_a method_n in_o order_n to_o a_o discovery_n of_o they_o more_o nice_a trial_n may_v much_o contribute_v to_o the_o clear_n up_o of_o a_o natural_a history_n of_o mineral_n water_n since_o by_o a_o competent_a number_n of_o experiment_n it_o may_v be_v hope_v that_o the_o nature_n of_o those_o metalline_a salt_n with_o which_o mineral_n water_n be_v impregnate_v may_v be_v discover_v wherefore_o i_o have_v lay_v down_o such_o sort_n of_o experiment_n that_o may_v be_v most_o easy_o try_v viz._n chief_o chemical_a one_o which_o may_v be_v make_v at_o home_n without_o the_o inconvenience_n of_o attend_v those_o mineral_n fountain_n from_o whence_o they_o spring_v and_o because_o my_o design_n be_v rather_o to_o improve_v physic_n by_o the_o follow_a observation_n than_o to_o entertain_v speculative_a naturalist_n i_o have_v chief_o make_v it_o my_o business_n in_o the_o follow_a paper_n to_o consider_v those_o water_n call_v acidulae_n rather_o than_o the_o other_o term_v thermae_n because_o the_o former_a be_v of_o more_o general_a use_n water_n the_o danger_n of_o a_o ill_a use_n of_o mineral_n water_n but_o perhaps_o some_o may_v think_v that_o the_o quares_n hereafter_o propound_v may_v be_v too_o troublesome_a and_o more_o than_o requisite_a since_o the_o use_v of_o mineneral_a water_n be_v think_v so_o innocent_a as_o to_o be_v of_o no_o ill_a consequence_n if_o unsuccesful_a to_o which_o it_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o though_o when_o skilful_o give_v they_o do_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o good_a yet_o they_o be_v as_o prejudicial_a if_o unskilful_o prescribe_v and_o therefore_o since_o there_o can_v be_v too_o much_o caution_n we_o can_v be_v too_o inquisitive_a to_o inform_v ourselves_o of_o their_o virtue_n for_o there_o may_v be_v a_o great_a many_o hide_a quality_n in_o they_o and_o they_o may_v be_v impregnate_v with_o several_a metalline_a property_n which_o may_v not_o be_v discover_v to_o the_o eye_n or_o by_o common_a trial_n beside_o be_v such_o experiment_n industrious_o prosecute_v they_o may_v help_v to_o discover_v several_a other_o quality_n in_o mineral_n water_n which_o be_v as_o yet_o unknown_a for_o from_o the_o follow_a experiment_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o earth_n which_o abound_v with_o mineral_n of_o a_o martial_a nature_n may_v be_v more_o apt_a to_o impregnate_n subterraneal_a water_n than_o we_o can_v otherwise_o imagine_v for_o upon_o pour_v of_o a_o tincture_n of_o gall_n filtrate_v through_o cap-paper_n upon_o file_n of_o steel_n gall_n the_o effect_n of_o file_n of_o steel_n in_o a_o tincture_n of_o gall_n the_o liquor_n in_o half_a a_o hour_n become_v opacous_a and_o almost_o as_o black_a as_o ink_n the_o like_a phaenomena_n to_o which_o be_v exhibit_v by_o steel_n in_o a_o infusion_n of_o brasil_n or_o log-wood_n make_v in_o common_a water_n to_o which_o we_o may_v add_v that_o several_a water_n have_v be_v discover_v under_o ground_n of_o very_o different_a taste_n some_o of_o which_o have_v be_v find_v to_o be_v corrosive_a and_o other_o as_o harmless_a be_v endow_v with_o several_a medicinal_a and_o useful_a quality_n and_o i_o be_o inform_v more_o particular_o of_o one_o which_o be_v a_o mine_n of_o coral_n in_o devonshire_n about_o 360_o foot_n deep_a in_o which_o be_v find_v a_o water_n very_o thick_a and_o red_a yet_o cool_a and_o diuretic_n and_o not_o in_o the_o least_o nauseous_a to_o the_o taste_n chap._n ix_o title_n propose_v for_o the_o natural_a history_n of_o mineral_n water_n consider_v whilst_o in_o their_o proper_a channel_n water_n query_n in_o order_n to_o a_o discovery_n of_o the_o virtue_n of_o mineral_n water_n in_o order_n to_o a_o natural_a history_n of_o mineral_n water_n they_o ought_v to_o be_v consider_n in_o three_o different_a capacity_n first_o as_o they_o be_v find_v in_o their_o natural_a receptacle_n second_o when_o draw_v up_o for_o use_n and_o three_o with_o respect_n to_o their_o effect_n on_o human_a body_n to_o the_o first_o of_o which_o head_n the_o follow_a quaeres_fw-la may_v be_v refer_v 1._o within_o the_o precinct_n of_o what_o climate_n or_o parallel_n and_o in_o what_o degree_n of_o latitude_n the_o mineral_n water_n be_v to_o be_v find_v 2._o to_o what_o point_n these_o water_n lie_v open_v most_o in_o their_o receptacle_n 3._o whether_o the_o ground_n in_o which_o they_o be_v find_v be_v a_o plain_a or_o how_o much_o it_o differ_v from_o a_o plain_a 4._o if_o the_o ground_n be_v upon_o a_o ascent_n how_o far_o they_o be_v from_o the_o botttom_n of_o that_o ascent_n 5._o whether_o a_o recrementitious_a substance_n adhere_v to_o stone_n long_o contiguous_a to_o these_o water_n 6._o whether_o subterraneal_a fire_n be_v near_o such_o water_n and_o what_o phaenomena_n such_o exhibit_v 7._o whether_o brimstone_n or_o salarmoniack_a etc._n etc._n be_v find_v about_o the_o vent_v of_o such_o subterraneal_a fire_n 8._o whether_o instead_o of_o subterraneal_a fire_n there_o be_v other_o adjacent_a aestuary_n and_o whether_o such_o be_v constant_a or_o intermit_a and_o if_o so_o whether_o periodical_a or_o irregular_a 9_o whether_o mineral_n fume_n of_o particular_a colour_n or_o smell_v arise_v from_o such_o aestuary_n 10._o of_o what_o temper_n the_o neighbour_a as_o well_o as_o the_o soil_n they_o pass_v through_o be_v of_o 11._o whether_o and_o of_o what_o nature_n those_o mineral_n be_v of_o which_o they_o pass_v through_o 12._o whether_o the_o mineral_n water_n be_v original_o fresh_a and_o derive_v their_o virtue_n from_o the_o soil_n they_o afterward_o pass_v through_o 13._o whether_o if_o it_o acquire_v its_o virtue_n so_o there_o be_v upon_o the_o impregnation_n any_o effervescence_n or_o whether_o any_o such_o effect_v succeed_v its_o mixture_n with_o another_o liquor_n 14._o whether_o there_o be_v a_o spring_n of_o a_o contrary_a nature_n near_o it_o viz._n as_o to_o heat_n and_o cold_a as_o it_o be_v observe_v in_o france_n 15._o whether_o a_o oily_a or_o bituminous_a inflammable_a substance_n float_v in_o it_o 16._o whether_o the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n or_o temperature_n of_o the_o wether_n alter_v they_o and_o what_o quality_n they_o lose_v or_o acquire_v by_o such_o for_o after_o rain_n i_o have_v observe_v such_o water_n incapable_a of_o turn_v a_o tincture_n of_o gall_n black_a but_o as_o to_o its_o medicinal_a virtue_n i_o have_v find_v that_o rain_n after_o long_a drought_n have_v rather_o increase_v than_o diminish_v their_o strength_n by_o dissolve_v and_o dilute_v those_o salt_n which_o be_v fix_v in_o the_o earth_n for_o want_v of_o a_o vehicle_n but_o if_o the_o water_n be_v weak_a and_o the_o rain_n much_o those_o salt_n be_v the_o more_o dilute_v render_v the_o water_n less_o effectual_a 17._o whether_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o water_n may_v be_v chemical_o and_o mechanical_o discover_v as_o also_o of_o what_o colour_n and_o weight_n and_o with_o what_o menstruum_v their_o salt_n may_v be_v mix_v and_o likewise_o what_o substance_n they_o will_v yield_v when_o expose_v to_o different_a degree_n of_o fire_n and_o what_o other_o chemical_a trial_n those_o as_o well_o as_o the_o caput_fw-la mortuum_n may_v undergo_v chap._n x._o contain_v title_n for_o the_o natural_a history_n of_o mineral_n water_n when_o draw_v out_o of_o their_o receptacle_n qeaery_n a_o continuation_n of_o qeaery_n 1._o whether_o the_o mineral_n water_n propose_v be_v actual_o hot_a or_o cold_a from_o whence_o we_o may_v judge_v from_o what_o depth_n those_o water_n rose_n and_o whether_o they_o be_v impregnate_v with_o a_o salt-peter_n or_o salarmoniack_a in_o their_o ascent_n and_o the_o several_a degree_n of_o heat_n or_o cold_a may_v be_v either_o try_v by_o immerge_v a_o thermoscope_n or_o by_o try_v whether_o they_o will_v coagulate_v oil_n of_o aniseed_n or_o melt_v butter_n 2._o of_o the_o specific_a gravity_n which_o be_v
light_n to_o proceed_v from_o some_o refraction_n from_o the_o glass_n darken_v within_o by_o those_o white_a steam_n second_o that_o since_o the_o air_n abound_v with_o part_n gross_a enough_o to_o appear_v in_o the_o sunbeam_n and_o to_o reflect_v the_o ray_n of_o light_n which_o rise_v from_o bonfire_n the_o reflection_n may_v proceed_v from_o some_o gross_a airy_a part_n within_o the_o receiver_n three_o the_o whiteness_n seem_v to_o proceed_v from_o the_o various_a surface_n of_o the_o airy_a part_n reflect_v one_o upon_o another_o like_a looking-glass_n so_o as_o to_o represent_v each_o other_o contiguous_a so_o water_n or_o egg_n beat_v to_o froth_n lose_v their_o transparency_n and_o appear_v white_a but_o further_o have_v immerse_v the_o neck_n of_o our_o receiver_n in_o water_n and_o set_v the_o pump_n on_o work_n the_o water_n be_v draw_v in_o through_o a_o small_a hole_n have_v its_o part_n so_o break_v that_o the_o receiver_n appear_v full_a of_o milk_n rather_o than_o water_n and_o if_o a_o piece_n of_o crystal_n be_v throw_v very_o hot_a into_o cold_a water_n it_o will_v crack_v and_o have_v so_o many_o new_a surface_n within_o appear_v white_a which_o thing_n be_v consider_v and_o weigh_v it_o may_v not_o be_v a_o improbable_a guest_n that_o the_o aforementioned_a phaenomena_n proceed_v from_o the_o part_n of_o the_o air_n displace_v as_o to_o their_o posture_n and_o situation_n as_o whilst_o in_o that_o motion_n to_o disturb_v their_o former_a continuity_n and_o transparency_n and_o this_o conjecture_n may_v be_v make_v probable_a by_o observe_v that_o the_o more_o air_n be_v include_v the_o more_o conspicuous_a be_v the_o whiteness_n but_o more_o especial_o by_o this_o viz._n that_o have_v exhaust_v the_o receiver_n and_o apply_v a_o glass_n bubble_n to_o the_o hole_n in_o the_o stop-cock_n so_o that_o there_o may_v be_v a_o communication_n betwixt_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o receiver_n and_o it_o upon_o the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n out_o of_o the_o receiver_n the_o air_n in_o the_o bubble_n be_v so_o disorder_v by_o so_o sudden_a a_o disilition_n of_o its_o part_n that_o it_o appear_v like_o milk_n but_o upon_o a_o sudden_a re-ingress_n of_o the_o air_n become_v transparent_a again_o but_o if_o it_o shall_v be_v object_v that_o the_o whiteness_n in_o water_n turn_v into_o bubble_n may_v proceed_v from_o the_o interposition_n of_o so_o heterogeneous_a a_o body_n as_o air_n i_o shall_v answer_v that_o i_o have_v in_o another_o place_n mention_v two_o volatile_a liquor_n which_o be_v mix_v produce_v a_o white_a consistent_a body_n though_o both_o the_o ingredient_n be_v transparent_a but_o have_v convey_v some_o smoke_n into_o our_o receiver_n and_o observe_v upon_o ply_v of_o the_o pump_n that_o the_o air_n remain_v in_o the_o pump_n become_v opacous_a we_o suspect_v that_o the_o reason_n why_o the_o former_a mention_a light_n sometime_o appear_v and_o sometime_o do_v not_o may_v proceed_v from_o some_o part_n of_o matter_n swim_v in_o the_o air_n more_o at_o one_o time_n than_o another_o which_o be_v dispose_v more_o to_o cause_v such_o reflection_n of_o the_o ray_n of_o light_a as_o to_o afford_v the_o forenamed_a phaenomenon_n which_o be_v render_v probable_a by_o observe_v that_o the_o receiver_n appear_v opaque_v when_o the_o smoke_n settle_v about_o the_o side_n of_o it_o and_o it_o may_v further_o be_v illustrate_v by_o what_o we_o mention_v before_o of_o our_o smoke_a liquor_n where_o the_o corpuscle_n of_o it_o be_v put_v into_o a_o new_a motion_n become_v opacous_a instead_o of_o transparent_a and_o if_o it_o shall_v be_v ask_v how_o the_o air_n shall_v abound_v with_o such_o various_a part_n of_o matter_n i_o must_v answer_v that_o it_o be_v not_o a_o unusual_a observation_n that_o the_o air_n undergo_v several_a and_o very_a frequent_a change_n for_o beside_o several_a instance_n which_o may_v be_v add_v the_o learned_a josephus_n acosta_n observe_v that_o in_o america_n there_o be_v wind_n which_o natural_o trouble_v the_o water_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o make_v it_o green_a and_o black_a other_o clear_a as_o crystal_n beside_o we_o observe_v that_o the_o pendula_fw-la as_o well_o as_o scale_n suspend_v in_o our_o receiver_n lose_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o their_o brightness_n upon_o draw_v out_o and_o let_v in_o the_o air._n and_o i_o once_o make_v a_o tincture_n of_o a_o certain_a metalline_a substance_n which_o will_v become_v turbid_v and_o clear_v successive_o for_o several_a time_n for_o which_o strange_a phaenomenon_n no_o reason_n can_v be_v give_v experiment_n xxxviii_o expansion_n of_o the_o freeze_a of_o water_n and_o its_o expansion_n have_v convey_v a_o glass_n vessel_n into_o our_o receiver_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o which_o be_v contain_v a_o cylinder_n fill_v with_o water_n and_o enclose_v with_o snow_n and_o salt_n upon_o ply_v of_o the_o pump_n the_o snow_n begin_v to_o melt_v a_o little_a fast_o than_o we_o expect_v and_o the_o receiver_n be_v pretty_a well_o exhaust_v the_o water_n in_o the_o cylinder_n begin_v to_o freeze_v so_o that_o in_o a_o little_a time_n the_o surface_n of_o the_o ice_n be_v above_o that_o of_o the_o water_n in_o which_o the_o snow_n and_o salt_n be_v dissolve_v and_o which_o swim_v about_o it_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n be_v concave_a and_o be_v hold_v betwixt_o the_o eye_n and_o the_o light_n appear_v full_a of_o bubble_n and_o it_o be_v not_o a_o little_a strange_a that_o there_o shall_v be_v so_o powerful_a a_o expansion_n in_o water_n freeze_v as_o not_o only_o to_o burst_v bottle_n in_o the_o wintertime_n but_o as_o i_o be_o inform_v to_o separate_v the_o solid_a part_n of_o metal_n so_o that_o bell-metal_n have_v be_v expose_v to_o the_o wet_a and_o that_o wet_a freeze_v in_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o metal_n it_o will_v fly_v in_o piece_n and_o cabeus_n in_o lib._n 4._o meteor_n aristot_n relate_v a_o no_o less_o memorable_a account_n of_o vessel_n make_v of_o stone_n which_o will_v fly_v asunder_o upon_o the_o expansion_n of_o the_o moisture_n lodge_v in_o their_o pore_n and_o freeze_v there_o where_o it_o be_v not_o a_o little_a strange_a that_o cold_a shall_v by_o freeze_a water_n cause_v it_o to_o swell_v whereas_o the_o effect_v it_o have_v upon_o the_o air_n be_v manifest_o to_o condense_a it_o experiment_n thirty-nine_o receiver_n a_o phaenomenon_n take_v notice_n of_o in_o the_o exhaust_a receiver_n have_v put_v the_o end_n of_o a_o glass_n tube_n into_o a_o oval_a glass_n so_o that_o it_o almost_o touch_v the_o bottom_n we_o cement_v it_o to_o the_o neck_n of_o that_o oval_a and_o then_o convey_v about_o six_o spoon_n full_a of_o water_n into_o the_o egg_n we_o blow_v it_o so_o full_a of_o air_n as_o to_o force_v the_o water_n into_o the_o pipe_n and_o to_o keep_v it_o suspend_v betwixt_o that_o air_n shut_v up_o in_o the_o viol_n and_o the_o external_a air_n this_o weatherglass_n represent_v by_o the_o fourteen_o figure_n be_v place_v in_o a_o 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be_v take_v notice_n of_o the_o one_o be_v that_o there_o be_v other_o way_n to_o vary_v colour_n speedy_o beside_o those_o we_o have_v take_v notice_n of_o by_o the_o help_n of_o liquor_n as_o in_o temper_v steel_n etc._n etc._n the_o second_o particular_a requisite_a to_o be_v note_v be_v that_o though_o a_o change_n of_o colour_n may_v be_v effect_v any_o one_o of_o the_o way_n abovementioned_a yet_o general_o at_o least_o three_o of_o they_o be_v at_o once_o concern_v semidiaphanous_a several_a body_n general_o esteem_v opacous_a semidiaphanous_a from_o what_o we_o have_v be_v discourse_v of_o the_o asperity_n of_o body_n in_o cause_v a_o reflection_n of_o the_o ray_n of_o light_n one_o will_v think_v that_o the_o substance_n themselves_o be_v perfect_o opacous_a and_o impenetrable_a by_o the_o ray_n of_o light_n and_o so_o contribute_v to_o the_o variety_n of_o colour_n reflect_v to_o the_o eye_n but_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o believe_v that_o even_o those_o body_n which_o we_o call_v insensible_a be_v compound_v of_o part_n still_o more_o minute_n who_o commissure_n be_v not_o utter_o impervious_a to_o the_o ray_n of_o light_n and_o that_o the_o body_n compound_v of_o those_o be_v in_o some_o degree_n diaphanous_a for_o in_o a_o dark_a room_n where_o the_o light_n be_v only_o permit_v to_o enter_v at_o one_o hole_n i_o have_v observe_v that_o those_o mote_n which_o be_v otherwise_o insensible_a in_o the_o beam_n of_o light_n will_v represent_v several_a vivid_n and_o florid_n colour_n like_o those_o of_o a_o rainbow_n or_o of_o sparkle_a fragment_n of_o diamond_n and_o as_o soon_o as_o that_o position_n which_o they_o have_v at_o that_o time_n in_o reference_n to_o the_o eye_n and_o the_o light_n be_v lose_v they_o cease_v to_o represent_v those_o colour_n though_o still_o remain_v visible_a so_o that_o from_o hence_o it_o appear_v that_o these_o small_a fragment_n of_o matter_n common_o repute_v opacous_a do_v not_o bare_o reflect_v but_o also_o refract_v the_o ray_n of_o light_n and_o it_o be_v not_o a_o phaenomenon_n altogether_o to_o be_v slight_v that_o water_n though_o a_o diaphanous_a body_n have_v a_o manifest_a power_n in_o refract_v the_o ray_n of_o light_n so_o that_o by_o pass_v through_o it_o they_o represent_v the_o lively_a colour_n of_o a_o rainbow_n and_o it_o be_v further_a observable_a that_o several_a body_n which_o be_v general_o esteem_v opacous_a appear_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n transparent_a when_o they_o be_v reduce_v into_o thin_a part_n and_o interpose_v betwixt_o the_o eye_n and_o a_o powerful_a light_n which_o be_v evident_a in_o thin_a plate_n of_o ivory_n thick_a leave_n of_o tree_n shell_n of_o fish_n and_o shave_n of_o wood._n and_o in_o a_o darken_a room_n i_o find_v that_o the_o substance_n of_o my_o hand_n be_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n transparent_a when_o it_o be_v hold_v betwixt_o my_o eye_n and_o the_o ray_n of_o light_n which_o come_v in_o at_o a_o small_a hole_n and_o not_o only_o white_a marble_n of_o a_o convenient_a thickness_n but_o lapis_fw-la specularis_fw-la or_o muscovite_n glass_n be_v divide_v into_o thin_a plate_n will_v be_v considerable_o transparent_a and_o even_o coral_n itself_o will_v manifest_v the_o same_o transparency_n if_o hold_v near_o the_o light_n but_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n i_o must_v own_v that_o have_v look_v upon_o mercury_n precipitate_v per_fw-la se_fw-la file_n of_o copper_n and_o steel_n the_o red_a calx_fw-la of_o lead_n and_o the_o red_a colour_n of_o vitriol_n they_o appear_v not_o to_o have_v the_o least_o transparency_n how_o far_o the_o transparency_n or_o semidiaphaneity_n of_o body_n may_v contribute_v to_o the_o variety_n of_o colour_n produce_v by_o they_o i_o shall_v not_o take_v upon_o i_o to_o determine_v since_o beat_v glass_n snow_n and_o ice_n who_o superficial_a part_n be_v manifest_o transparent_a represent_v not_o the_o lively_a colour_n which_o they_o do_v when_o convenient_o qualify_v by_o their_o bigness_n shape_n and_o texture_n but_o to_o draw_v a_o inference_n from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v of_o the_o cause_n of_o colour_n it_o appear_v that_o according_a to_o the_o hypothesis_n we_o have_v lay_v down_o body_n can_v only_o be_v say_v to_o be_v colour_v when_o place_v in_o the_o light_n but_o that_o according_a to_o the_o ancient_n if_o we_o take_v the_o sense_n of_o the_o word_n colour_n to_o mean_v only_o that_o disposition_n of_o the_o superficial_a surface_n of_o a_o body_n which_o enable_v it_o to_o modify_v the_o ray_n of_o light_n they_o may_v be_v say_v to_o have_v colour_n in_o the_o dark_a since_o they_o have_v that_o disposition_n which_o enable_v they_o to_o reflect_v the_o ray_n of_o light_n in_o such_o a_o form_n as_o to_o produce_v colour_n genuine_a the_o short_a duration_n of_o colour_n no_o argument_n of_o their_o not_o be_v genuine_a and_o from_o what_o
than_o the_o air._n among_o several_a trial_n make_v with_o these_o weather-glass_n the_o follow_v be_v remarkable_a have_v cause_v a_o glass-egg_n with_o a_o stem_n such_o as_o fig._n 1._o plate_n 1._o delineate_n to_o be_v blow_v at_o a_o lamp_n the_o stem_n be_v dip_v in_o water_n admit_v into_o it_o a_o cylinder_n of_o water_n about_o half_a a_o inch_n long_o which_o when_o the_o pipe_n be_v erect_v will_v subside_o to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o cylinder_n just_o where_o it_o rise_v from_o the_o egg_n and_o there_o it_o will_v stand_v but_o if_o the_o glass-egg_n be_v immerse_v whole_o in_o water_n or_o but_o half_a way_n in_o quicksilver_n the_o water_n will_v ascend_v up_o to_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o cylinder_n and_o subside_o again_o when_o take_v out_o in_o this_o experiment_n several_a time_n repeat_v i_o observe_v that_o when_o the_o glass-egg_n be_v sudden_o remove_v out_o of_o the_o water_n and_o immerse_v in_o the_o quicksilver_n the_o cylinder_n of_o water_n will_v be_v raise_v high_o but_o if_o it_o be_v first_o immerse_v in_o quicksilver_n and_o thence_o remove_v into_o water_n it_o will_v subside_o but_o not_o near_o so_o much_o as_o in_o the_o open_a air._n these_o trial_n be_v make_v the_o 26_o of_o june_n the_o wether_n be_v moderate_a but_o be_v repeat_v another_o day_n when_o it_o be_v windy_a and_o rainy_a the_o aqueous_a cylinder_n upon_o the_o immersion_n of_o the_o thermometer_n subside_v june_n 27_o in_o the_o morning_n the_o aqueous_a cylinder_n will_v subside_v when_o the_o thermometer_n be_v immerse_v in_o water_n but_o ascend_v when_o it_o be_v depress_v into_o mercury_n yet_o when_o the_o water_n have_v be_v keep_v in_o a_o warm_a room_n some_o time_n till_o it_o be_v as_o warm_v to_o the_o touch_n as_o the_o quicksilver_n they_o will_v both_o of_o they_o immediate_o raise_v the_o mercury_n in_o the_o pipe_n the_o like_a experiment_n be_v try_v in_o january_n in_o frosty_a wether_n the_o internal_a air_n be_v of_o a_o equal_a temper_n with_o the_o external_n when_o the_o thermometer_n be_v immerse_v in_o a_o shallow_a vessel_n of_o water_n the_o aqueous_a cylinder_n be_v raise_v half_a a_o inch_n and_o when_o it_o be_v immerse_v in_o a_o deep_a vessel_n it_o be_v raise_v as_o high_a again_o but_o soon_o subside_v when_o take_v out_o into_o the_o free_a air._n from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o we_o may_v be_v different_o inform_v of_o the_o degree_n of_o heat_n and_o cold_a when_o we_o employ_v our_o organ_n of_o touch_n and_o when_o we_o make_v use_v of_o proper_a instrument_n on_o this_o occasion_n i_o shall_v subjoin_v that_o not_o only_a water_n but_o moist_a vapour_n in_o the_o air_n may_v cause_v it_o to_o seem_v cold_o to_o our_o sensory_n than_o common_o weather-glass_n discover_v it_o to_o be_v and_o though_o it_o be_v general_o agree_v that_o a_o themometer_n only_o more_o exact_o measure_v the_o effect_n which_o cold_a have_v upon_o it_o and_o our_o sensory_n yet_o i_o myself_o have_v take_v notice_n that_o at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o wether_n have_v seem_v cold_a to_o i_o when_o the_o weatherglass_n agree_v not_o with_o the_o information_n my_o sense_n give_v i_o which_o that_o it_o do_v not_o proceed_v from_o my_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d be_v apparent_a since_o other_o be_v sensible_a of_o it_o at_o the_o same_o time_n from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v it_o appear_v that_o it_o be_v requisite_a to_o take_v notice_n when_o bird_n and_o other_o animal_n who_o perception_n be_v more_o delicate_a than_o we_o seem_v to_o be_v affect_v with_o cold_a and_o likewise_o to_o examine_v the_o degree_n of_o coldness_n as_o well_o by_o experiment_n as_o by_o the_o touch._n for_o a_o further_a confirmation_n of_o what_o i_o have_v deliver_v on_o this_o occasion_n i_o shall_v add_v what_o martinius_n in_o his_o piece_n of_o geography_n call_v atlas_n chinensis_n say_v speak_v of_o the_o air_n of_o that_o populous_a country_n his_o word_n be_v these_o ad_fw-la coeli_fw-la solique_fw-la temperiem_fw-la quod_fw-la attinet_fw-la majus_fw-la in_o hac_fw-la provincia_n frigus_fw-la est_fw-la quam_fw-la illius_fw-la poscat_fw-la poli_fw-fr altitudo_fw-la vix_fw-la enim_fw-la illa_fw-la excedit_fw-la gradum_fw-la secundum_fw-la supra_fw-la quadragesimum_fw-la &_o tamen_fw-la per_fw-la integros_fw-la quatuor_fw-la saepe_fw-la menses_fw-la flumina_fw-la omne_fw-la adeo_fw-la duro_fw-la concrescunt_fw-la gelu_fw-la ut_fw-la currus_fw-la equosque_fw-la ac_fw-la gravissima_fw-la etiam_fw-la onera_fw-la glacies_fw-la ferat_fw-la innoxie_n ac_fw-la securissime_fw-la transeant_fw-la exit_fw-la iis_fw-la etiam_fw-la ingentia_fw-la glaciei_fw-la frusta_fw-la excinduntur_fw-la quae_fw-la in_o futuram_fw-la aestatem_fw-la ad_fw-la delicias_fw-la servant_n his_o mensibus_fw-la omnes_fw-la nave_n ita_fw-la in_o ipsa_fw-la glacie_n defixae_fw-la sunt_fw-la ut_fw-la progredi_fw-la nequeant_fw-la ubicunque_fw-la illas_fw-la frigus_fw-la occupo_fw-la quod_fw-la certo_fw-la certius_fw-la circa_fw-la medium_n novembris_fw-la ingruere_fw-la solet_fw-la per_fw-la quatuor_fw-la illos_fw-la menses_fw-la immotae_fw-la ibi_fw-la perstare_fw-la coguntur_fw-la neque_fw-la enim_fw-la resolvitur_fw-la glacies_fw-la ante_fw-la martii_fw-la initium_fw-la haec_fw-la plerunque_fw-la glaciei_fw-la concretio_fw-la uno_fw-la fit_a die_v cum_fw-la non_fw-la nisi_fw-la pluribus_fw-la fiat_fw-la liquefactio_fw-la to_o which_o he_o add_v what_o be_v more_o for_o our_o present_a purpose_n omnino_fw-la illud_fw-la mirum_fw-la tantum_fw-la non_fw-la videri_fw-la aut_fw-la sentiri_fw-la illud_fw-la frigus_fw-la ut_fw-la europaeos_fw-la ad_fw-la bypocausta_fw-la subeunda_fw-la videatur_fw-la posse_fw-la cogere_fw-la aut_fw-la in_o europa_n ad_fw-la glaciem_fw-la producendam_fw-la sufficere_fw-la unde_fw-la ad_fw-la subterraneas_fw-la illic_fw-la exhalationes_fw-la pro_fw-la harum_fw-la rerum_fw-la causis_fw-la indagandis_fw-la omnino_fw-la recurrendum_fw-la est_fw-la etc._n etc._n but_o though_o i_o have_v urge_v the_o necessity_n and_o usefulness_n of_o weather-glass_n as_o preferable_a to_o the_o information_n we_o receive_v from_o our_o sense_n yet_o though_o they_o be_v not_o obnoxious_a to_o the_o same_o cause_n of_o uncertainty_n they_o be_v apt_a sometime_o to_o deceive_v we_o since_o in_o common_a weather-glass_n beside_o that_o the_o external_a or_o internal_a air_n may_v be_v rarify_v or_o condense_v by_o heat_n and_o cold_a the_o incumbent_a atmosphere_n be_v contiguous_a to_o the_o suspend_v liquor_n it_o may_v be_v boy_v up_o by_o a_o additional_a gravity_n as_o well_o as_o heat_n in_o the_o atmosphere_n and_o vice_n versâ_fw-la as_o we_o have_v experience_v by_o a_o statical_a baroscope_n who_o balance_n will_v turn_v with_o the_o 500th_o part_n of_o a_o grain_n and_o likewise_o by_o convey_v a_o common_a weatherglass_n into_o the_o bottom_n of_o a_o deep_a pit_n and_o at_o another_o time_n by_o raise_v it_o up_o to_o the_o top_n of_o a_o church_n or_o steeple_n and_o compare_v it_o at_o the_o same_o time_n with_o a_o more_o exact_a thermometer_n for_o by_o this_o method_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o rise_n and_o fall_v of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o common_a weatherglass_n depend_v not_o on_o the_o temperature_n of_o the_o air_n as_o to_o heat_n or_o cold_a but_o on_o the_o different_a altitude_n of_o the_o atmospherical_a pillar_n of_o air_n incumbent_n on_o the_o water_n but_o beside_o the_o gravity_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n there_o may_v be_v other_o cause_n of_o the_o ascent_n and_o descent_n of_o the_o liquor_n in_o common_a weather-glass_n as_o well_o as_o heat_n and_o cold._a for_o not_o to_o urge_v that_o though_o the_o height_n of_o the_o same_o atmospherical_a pillar_n of_o air_n shall_v seem_v unaltered_a the_o weatherglass_n remain_v in_o the_o same_o place_n yet_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n may_v be_v increase_v by_o the_o copious_a dispersion_n of_o vapour_n and_o heavy_a steam_n through_o the_o air_n and_o also_o may_v be_v diminish_v upon_o a_o precipitation_n of_o those_o by_o dew_n or_o rain_n which_o effect_n may_v perhaps_o be_v false_o attribute_v to_o different_a degree_n of_o heat_n or_o cold._n to_o be_v satisfy_v of_o the_o truth_n of_o what_o i_o have_v here_o hint_v i_o try_v the_o follow_a experiment_n i_o take_v two_o weather-glass_n of_o a_o more_o than_o ordinary_a length_n 3d._n see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 2d_o and_o 3d._n the_o division_n of_o one_o of_o which_o be_v half_a inch_n and_o those_o of_o the_o other_o not_o much_o less_o the_o one_o which_o be_v furnish_v with_o good_a spirit_n of_o wine_n see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 3._o be_v seal_v the_o other_o see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 2._o be_v not_o seal_v but_o be_v so_o contrive_v that_o the_o air_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o instrument_n may_v rise_v with_o heat_n and_o fall_v with_o cold._n in_o these_o thermoscope_n i_o observe_v that_o in_o that_o which_o be_v seal_v the_o liquor_n regular_o ascend_v in_o warm_a wether_n and_o subside_v in_o cold_a but_o in_o the_o other_o there_o be_v a_o little_a hole_n leave_v open_a at_o the_o top_n it_o be_v remarkable_a that_o though_o when_o the_o
be_v much_o more_o uncertain_a which_o way_n of_o estimate_v weather-glass_n though_o it_o be_v not_o so_o certain_a as_o unquestionable_o to_o answer_v expectation_n yet_o it_o may_v be_v of_o advantage_n to_o come_v as_o near_o as_o we_o can_v to_o certainty_n but_o 2d_o consideration_n the_o 2d_o second_o there_o be_v unaccurateness_n in_o measure_v of_o cold_a by_o weather-glass_n which_o may_v be_v avoid_v yet_o be_v not_o since_o sufficient_a care_n be_v not_o take_v that_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o cylinder_n be_v exact_v all_o along_o from_o one_o end_n to_o another_o nor_o that_o there_o be_v a_o certain_a proportion_n betwixt_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o cylinder_n and_o that_o of_o the_o pipe_n beside_o open_a weather-glass_n may_v be_v more_o commodious_o contrive_v for_o thermometrical_a experiment_n than_o those_o that_o be_v common_o make_v use_n of_o 2._o see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 2._o see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 2._o in_o which_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o vial_n be_v so_o close_v with_o cement_n or_o wax_n that_o the_o external_n air_n have_v no_o communication_n with_o it_o but_o through_o the_o pipe_n upon_o a_o expansion_n or_o condensation_n of_o the_o internal_a air_n the_o liquor_n have_v much_o more_o room_n to_o rise_v and_o fall_v in_o than_o the_o pendulous_a liquor_n in_o ordinary_a glass_n where_o the_o quantity_n of_o air_n be_v much_o too_o small_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o cavity_n into_o which_o it_o must_v expand_v itself_o when_o rarify_v to_o make_v the_o rise_n or_o fall_v of_o the_o liquor_n in_o that_o to_o be_v so_o sensible_a enough_o but_o beside_o that_o this_o of_o we_o have_v this_o advantage_n that_o the_o quantity_n of_o air_n be_v great_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o cylinder_n and_o consequent_o the_o water_n have_v much_o more_o room_n to_o play_v up_o and_o down_o in_o it_o have_v this_o advantage_n further_o that_o it_o be_v much_o more_o convenient_a for_o our_o purpose_n since_o the_o ball_n of_o it_o may_v be_v immerse_v in_o body_n who_o coldness_n we_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o measure_n and_o consistent_a body_n as_o snow_n or_o ice_n may_v be_v more_o convenient_o heap_v about_o it_o than_o common_a weather-glass_n three_o man_n too_o confident_o conclude_v that_o if_o the_o liquor_n in_o a_o thermoscope_n rise_v a_o inch_n high_o to_o day_n consideration_n a_o three_o consideration_n than_o it_o be_v the_o day_n before_o and_o a_o inch_n high_o the_o next_o that_o the_o air_n must_v be_v as_o cold_a again_o the_o last_o day_n as_o it_o be_v the_o precede_a since_o it_o appear_v not_o though_o we_o shall_v allow_v that_o cold_a of_o itself_o contract_v the_o air_n that_o a_o double_a degree_n of_o cold_a must_v produce_v a_o double_a degree_n of_o condensation_n exact_o for_o beside_o that_o the_o different_a quantity_n of_o air_n contain_v in_o these_o instrument_n and_o the_o proportion_n of_o pipe_n as_o well_o as_o the_o degree_n of_o the_o expansion_n consider_v together_o be_v sufficient_a to_o render_v the_o hypothesis_n suspicious_a i_o be_o incline_v to_o believe_v that_o the_o condensation_n of_o the_o air_n and_o the_o ascent_n of_o the_o water_n depend_v on_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n as_o we_o shall_v in_o a_o little_a time_n make_v appear_v and_o then_o this_o computation_n will_v be_v find_v to_o be_v very_o fallacious_a for_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o show_v that_o the_o force_n require_v to_o compress_v air_n be_v in_o reciprocal_a proportion_n or_o thereabouts_o to_o the_o space_n comprehend_v the_o same_o proportion_n of_o air_n so_o that_o if_o a_o cylinder_n of_o four_o inch_n be_v able_a to_o resist_v a_o pressure_n equivalent_a to_o ten_o pound_n weight_n when_o it_o come_v to_o be_v compress_v into_o two_o inch_n a_o equal_a force_n superadd_v to_o the_o former_a will_v drive_v up_o that_o already_o compress_a air_n into_o half_a the_o space_n which_o be_v about_o a_o inch_n 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_n part_v of_o a_o grain_n light_a than_o before_o so_o that_o the_o water_n by_o condensation_n lose_v not_o above_o a_o 230th_o part_n of_o its_o former_a bulk_n how_o far_o it_o may_v be_v of_o use_n at_o sea_n to_o make_v such_o experiment_n as_o these_o and_o whether_o they_o may_v thereby_o learn_v to_o know_v by_o find_v the_o density_n of_o the_o water_n in_o several_a place_n what_o load_v to_o carry_v in_o their_o ship_n and_o what_o the_o water_n will_v be_v able_a to_o bear_v i_o shall_v leave_v other_o to_o judge_n but_o if_o such_o experiment_n be_v try_v in_o several_a part_n our_o seal_v weather-glass_n or_o that_o which_o contain_v the_o pendulous_a drop_n of_o water_n may_v be_v of_o use_n since_o they_o not_o be_v subject_a to_o be_v vary_v by_o the_o alteration_n in_o the_o atmosphere_n gravity_n and_o since_o they_o may_v be_v convenient_o carry_v from_o one_o country_n to_o another_o the_o different_a degree_n of_o cold_a in_o various_a region_n may_v be_v better_o estimate_v a_o register_n be_v keep_v of_o the_o degree_n the_o liquor_n or_o pendulous_a drop_n stand_v at_o such_o time_n as_o the_o trial_n be_v make_v and_o where_o and_o when_o expose_v to_o such_o a_o degree_n as_o be_v able_a to_o freeze_v to_o conclude_v this_o title_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o in_o make_v these_o experiment_n with_o the_o thermometer_n in_o which_o the_o pendulous_a water_n be_v contain_v the_o stem_n may_v for_o conveniency_n be_v hold_v either_o horizontal_a upward_o or_o perpendicular_a title_n v._o experiment_n concern_v the_o tendency_n of_o cold_a upward_o or_o downward_o vigorous_o what_o way_n or_o in_o what_o line_n cold_a act_n most_o vigorous_o that_o heat_n general_o act_v most_o powererful_o on_o body_n above_o it_o and_o that_o its_o tendency_n be_v upward_o be_v self-evident_a but_o to_o discover_v in_o what_o line_n cold_a act_n most_o vigorous_o and_o further_a we_o make_v the_o follow_a experiment_n a_o glass-bubble_n with_o water_n in_o it_o have_v a_o flat_a bottom_n be_v suspend_v within_o less_o than_o half_a a_o inch_n over_o a_o mixture_n of_o ice_n and_o salt_n but_o freeze_v not_o a_o bottle_n which_o contain_v a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n be_v hold_v under_o water_n it_o be_v case_v with_o ice_n especial_o about_o the_o bottom_n so_o that_o the_o action_n of_o cold_a seem_v chief_o to_o tend_v downward_o but_o i_o rely_v less_o upon_o this_o experiment_n because_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o when_o a_o frigorifick_a mixture_n be_v expose_v in_o a_o vial_n the_o ice_n on_o the_o outside_n be_v always_o opposite_a to_o the_o mixture_n not_o reach_v high_o or_o low_o than_o that_o mixture_n above_o half_a the_o breadth_n of_o a_o barleycorn_n and_o as_o the_o mixture_n dissolve_v and_o that_o which_o swim_v upon_o the_o dissolve_v part_n grow_v less_o and_o less_o so_o proportionable_o the_o circle_n of_o ice_n grow_v narrow_a on_o the_o outside_n till_o the_o mixture_n be_v whole_o dissolve_v and_o then_o the_o ice_n vanish_v and_o from_o a_o experiment_n short_o to_o be_v
be_v expect_v that_o i_o shall_v say_v something_o of_o the_o expansion_n of_o aqueous_a humour_n and_o also_o of_o the_o degree_n of_o the_o condensation_n of_o water_n and_o watery_a humour_n but_o as_o for_o the_o first_o i_o doubt_v whether_o there_o be_v any_o expansion_n except_o of_o the_o watery_a part_n of_o they_o but_o if_o it_o may_v be_v of_o any_o use_n to_o direct_v we_o in_o make_v a_o estimate_n of_o the_o different_a proportion_n they_o contain_v of_o phlegm_n or_o other_o more_o spirituous_a ingredient_n i_o will_v not_o discourage_v those_o who_o curiosity_n shall_v prevail_v with_o they_o to_o prosecute_v such_o experiment_n and_o as_o for_o the_o condensation_n of_o water_n by_o cold_a though_o perhaps_o in_o hot_a climate_n it_o may_v be_v considerable_a yet_o i_o have_v not_o find_v it_o very_o sensible_a in_o all_o the_o trial_n i_o have_v make_v here_o particular_n referrable_a to_o the_o x_o title_n 1._o a_o bolt-head_n who_o stem_n be_v 17_o inch_n above_o the_o water_n be_v seal_v up_o and_o place_v about_o 9_o hour_n in_o a_o frigorifick_a mixture_n the_o water_n ascend_v 15_o inch_n ½_n and_o afterward_o ½_n of_o ¼_n of_o a_o inch_n be_v neglect_v for_o a_o hour_n the_o seal_a end_n be_v blow_v off_o and_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o glass_n break_v in_o piece_n 2._o water_n free_v from_o air_n in_o our_o receiver_n and_o seal_v up_o in_o a_o round_a bolt-head_n in_o which_o the_o seal_a apex_n be_v about_o 5_o inch_n above_o the_o water_n afford_v a_o ice_n very_o free_a from_o bubble_n and_o have_v stand_v in_o a_o frigorifick_a mixture_n about_o 2_o hour_n it_o be_v raise_v 4_o inch_n and_o â
_n the_o conical_a apex_n be_v break_v with_o a_o noise_n and_o a_o seem_a smoke_n we_o find_v water_n unfreeze_v under_o the_o pipe_n and_o that_o the_o air_n be_v condense_v to_o a_o 20_o part_n of_o the_o space_n it_o possess_v before_o 3._o the_o globous_a part_n of_o a_o glass-egg_n 3_o inches_n diameter_n be_v fill_v with_o water_n and_o freeze_v from_o the_o bottom_n upward_o after_o it_o have_v be_v hermetical_o seal_v it_o rise_v 8_o ½_n inches_n the_o length_n of_o the_o whole_a stem_n be_v 10_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a but_o be_v a_o second_o time_n seal_v up_o and_o freeze_v with_o ice_n in_o it_o it_o wrought_v not_o 4_o inch_n above_o its_o first_o station_n title_n xi_o experiment_n touch_v the_o expansive_a force_n of_o freeze_a water_n water_n of_o the_o expansive_a force_n of_o freeze_a water_n 1._o to_o help_v we_o to_o make_v a_o estimate_n of_o the_o expansive_a force_n of_o freeze_a water_n we_o fill_v a_o pewter-bottle_n full_a of_o water_n it_o be_v large_a enough_o to_o hold_v half_o a_o pint_n in_o a_o frosty_a night_n it_o crack_v the_o bottle_n and_o the_o like_a success_n we_o have_v with_o freeze_a water_n in_o a_o pewter-box_n such_o as_o they_o keep_v salve_n in_o and_o we_o find_v the_o expansive_a force_n of_o frost_n so_o strong_a that_o it_o burst_v a_o bottle_n the_o thin_a part_n of_o which_o be_v 1_o 14_o of_o a_o inch_n and_o the_o thick_a â_o 86_o it_o also_o break_v a_o earthen_a bottle_n of_o flanders-metal_n the_o thin_a part_n of_o which_o be_v as_o thick_a as_o the_o strong_a of_o the_o other_o 2._o to_o make_v a_o more_o determinate_a estimate_n of_o the_o expansive_a force_n of_o frost_n we_o make_v use_v of_o a_o brass-cylind_a to_o which_o we_o adapt_v a_o plugg_n which_o fall_v a_o little_a way_n within_o the_o cylinder_n rest_v upon_o the_o edge_n of_o it_o the_o length_n of_o the_o cylinder_n be_v about_o 5_o inch_n and_o the_o breadth_n 1_o ¾_n the_o experiment_n make_v in_o this_o instrument_n be_v by_o fill_v it_o full_a of_o water_n and_o then_o lay_v 56_o pound_n weight_n upon_o the_o top_n of_o it_o and_o though_o it_o be_v a_o hard_a matter_n to_o cause_v the_o mixture_n to_o freeze_v yet_o we_o be_v at_o the_o last_o able_a to_o do_v it_o and_o then_o we_o observe_v that_o the_o expand_v ice_n lift_v up_o the_o one_o side_n of_o the_o low_a so_o high_a that_o the_o weight_n fall_v down_o but_o at_o another_o time_n it_o succeed_v so_o well_o that_o the_o low_a be_v uniform_o raise_v the_o breadth_n of_o a_o barleycorn_n upon_o a_o gentle_a thaw_v the_o superficial_a part_n be_v take_v out_o the_o ice_n appear_v full_a of_o bubble_n and_o in_o the_o morning_n when_o it_o begin_v to_o melt_v before_o the_o fire_n the_o weight_n be_v take_v off_o several_a drop_n of_o water_n dilate_v into_o numerous_a bubble_n issue_v out_o like_o a_o kind_n of_o froth_n 3._o another_o way_n we_o take_v to_o measure_v the_o expansive_a force_n of_o cold_a be_v by_o drive_v a_o wooden_a plugg_n so_o fast_o into_o the_o end_n of_o the_o brass-cylind_a that_o half_o a_o hundred_o weight_n and_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o hundred_o may_v be_v suspend_v at_o it_o without_o pull_v it_o out_o yet_o in_o two_o frosty_a night_n the_o expand_a water_n be_v able_a to_o raise_v it_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o inch._n 4._o there_o be_v one_o thing_n in_o these_o trial_n deserve_v to_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o viz._n that_o the_o expansion_n of_o air_n by_o heat_n be_v sufficient_a to_o make_v it_o possess_v 70_o time_n it_o be_v former_a space_n yet_o the_o utmost_a degree_n water_n by_o glaciation_n will_v extend_v itself_o to_o be_v a_o nine_o so_o that_o the_o former_a by_o expansion_n acquire_v 60_o time_n the_o space_n that_o water_n do_v take_v mersennus_n his_o account_n of_o the_o air_n be_v expansion_n to_o be_v true_a which_o come_v short_a of_o what_o we_o have_v show_v it_o capable_a of_o be_v expand_v to_o 5._o we_o endeavour_v likewise_o to_o measure_v the_o force_n of_o water_n expansion_n when_o congeal_v by_o enclose_v it_o in_o a_o iron-globe_n who_o diameter_n be_v about_o 3_o inch_n and_o which_o have_v a_o female_a screw_n continue_v from_o its_o cavity_n to_o the_o out_o side_n to_o which_o be_v adapt_v male_a a_o screw_n so_o close_o that_o we_o be_v force_v to_o use_v a_o vice_n to_o screw_v it_o in_o but_o our_o hope_n be_v frustrate_v the_o compactness_n of_o the_o metal_n as_o we_o suppose_v keep_v the_o liquor_n from_o freeze_a 6._o it_o will_v be_v worth_a while_n to_o consider_v the_o cause_n of_o so_o powerful_a a_o expansion_n since_o neither_o the_o cartesian_a nor_o the_o epicurean_a doctrine_n be_v able_a to_o explain_v this_o phaenomenon_n for_o the_o first_o only_o account_v cold_a to_o be_v a_o privation_n of_o heat_n and_o depend_v upon_o the_o recess_n of_o those_o subtle_a part_n which_o he_o suppose_v expansion_n to_o depend_v on_o according_a to_o he_o they_o shall_v rather_o continue_v a_o inactive_a mass_n than_o retain_v such_o a_o springyness_n and_o since_o according_a to_o epicurus_n expansion_n depend_v on_o a_o insinuation_n of_o frigorifick_a atom_n it_o may_v well_o be_v question_v how_o part_n of_o matter_n which_o have_v such_o a_o free_a entrance_n into_o such_o vessel_n shall_v not_o rather_o find_v as_o easy_a a_o passage_n out_o again_o as_o in_o without_o break_v they_o beside_o in_o several_a oil_n and_o other_o liquor_n which_o must_v receive_v those_o frigorifick_a atom_n we_o perceive_v not_o the_o least_o expansion_n at_o all_o but_o they_o be_v rather_o condense_v 7._o how_o great_a the_o expansive_a force_n of_o congeal_a wine_n milk_n urine_n and_o other_o liquor_n be_v i_o shall_v leave_v it_o to_o other_o to_o inquire_v and_o shall_v only_o take_v notice_n that_o undoubted_o it_o be_v considerable_a since_o in_o the_o dutch_a voyage_n to_o nova_n zembla_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o even_o iron-hoop_n be_v burst_v by_o the_o forcible_a expansion_n of_o include_v liquor_n and_o in_o russia_n it_o have_v be_v observe_v that_o though_o beer_n and_o wine_n will_v not_o burst_v wooden_a vessel_n yet_o glass_n and_o stone-vessel_n will_v be_v often_o break_v particular_n referrable_a to_o the_o xi_o title_n 1._o we_o take_v a_o brass-cylind_a 2_o inch_n diameter_n and_o have_v put_v a_o bladder_n with_o water_n tie_v close_o up_o in_o it_o so_o that_o upon_o expansion_n it_o can_v not_o get_v out_o into_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o cylinder_n we_o put_v a_o plugg_n into_o it_o upon_o which_o be_v place_v several_a weight_n which_o amount_v to_o 120_o pound_n yet_o the_o frigorifick_a mixture_n be_v apply_v to_o the_o cylinder_n the_o water_n expanded_a raise_v the_o plugg_n near_o half_a a_o inch_n and_o the_o experiment_n be_v repeat_v again_o the_o next_o day_n the_o freeze_a water_n raise_v 130_o pound-weight_n 2._o a_o iron-barrel_n 14_o inch_n long_o and_o â
_n of_o a_o inch_n in_o diameter_n who_o side_n be_v at_o the_o thick_a part_n 1_o 16_o and_o at_o the_o least_o â_o 16_o be_v fill_v with_o water_n and_o be_v bury_v in_o a_o mixture_n
snow_n to_o discover_v what_o liquor_n ice_n will_v be_v soon_o dissolve_v in_o we_o contrive_v to_o freeze_v water_n in_o a_o long_o cylinder_n which_o be_v loosen_v by_o apply_v a_o warm_a hand_n we_o divide_v some_o into_o piece_n ¼_n of_o a_o inch_n long_o and_o other_o into_o inch_n and_o our_o experiment_n be_v make_v with_o these_o cylindrical_a piece_n of_o ice_n in_o the_o first_o trial_n 1._o in_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n a_o cylindrical_a piece_n of_o ice_n of_o a_o inch_n in_o length_n last_v 5_o minute_n 2._o in_o spirit_n of_o wine_n 12_o minute_n 3._o in_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la 12_o ½_n 4._o in_o water_n 12_o minute_n 5._o in_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n about_o 44_o minute_n 6._o in_o air_n 64_o minute_n the_o second_o trial_n 1._o in_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n a_o inch_n of_o cylindrical_a ice_n last_v undissolve_v 3_o minute_n 2._o in_o spirit_n of_o wine_n 13_o minute_n 3._o in_o water_n 26_o minute_n 4._o in_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n 47_o minute_n 5._o in_o salad-oil_n 52_o minute_n 6._o in_o air_n 152_o minute_n 2._o we_o likewise_o think_v it_o worth_a while_n to_o try_v what_o difference_n there_o will_v be_v in_o the_o duration_n of_o piece_n of_o ice_n of_o the_o same_o bulk_n and_o figure_n but_o of_o different_a liquor_n as_o also_o whether_o attrition_n will_v contribute_v to_o the_o dissolution_n of_o ice_n which_o iobserved_a it_o do_v whence_o it_o appear_v that_o as_o the_o agent_n contiguous_a to_o ice_n be_v different_a they_o dissolve_v its_o texture_n soon_o or_o late_a and_o if_o snow_n or_o ice_n be_v keep_v in_o a_o place_n where_o neither_o the_o sun_n nor_o the_o air_n have_v much_o influence_n upon_o it_o it_o will_v continue_v a_o long_a time_n a_o appendix_n to_o the_o xvi_o title_n 1._o in_o confirmation_n of_o what_o be_v say_v in_o the_o close_a of_o this_o title_n i_o shall_v add_v the_o follow_a account_n of_o the_o italian_a conservatory_n send_v i_o by_o my_o ingenious_a friend_n mr._n j._n evelyn_n the_o snow-pit_n in_o italy_n etc._n etc._n be_v sink_v in_o the_o most_o solitary_a and_o cool_v place_n common_o at_o the_o foot_n of_o some_o mountain_n or_o elevate_a ground_n which_o may_v best_o protect_v they_o from_o the_o meridional_a or_o occidental_a sun_n 25_o foot_n wide_a at_o the_o orifice_n and_o about_o 50_o deep_a be_v esteem_v a_o competent_a proportion_n and_o though_o this_o be_v excavate_v in_o a_o conical_a form_n yet_o it_o be_v make_v flat_a at_o the_o bottom_n or_o point_n the_o side_n of_o the_o pit_n be_v so_o joyce_v that_o board_n may_v be_v nail_v upon_o they_o very_o close_o joint_v about_o a_o yard_n from_o the_o bottom_n be_v fix_v a_o strong_a frame_n or_o tresle_n upon_o which_o lie_v a_o wooden_a grate_n the_o top_n or_o cover_n be_v double_a thatch_a with_o reed_n or_o straw_n upon_o a_o copped_a frame_n or_o roof_n in_o one_o of_o the_o side_n whereof_o be_v a_o narrow_a door-case_n hip_v on_o like_o the_o top_n of_o the_o dormer_n and_o thatch_a to_o conserve_v snow_n they_o lay_v clean_a straw_n upon_o the_o grate_n or_o wattle_v so_o as_o to_o keep_v the_o snow_n from_o run_v through_o whilst_o they_o beat_v it_o to_o a_o hard_a cake_n of_o a_o icy_a consistence_n which_o be_v near_o one_o foot_n thick_a upon_o this_o they_o make_v a_o layer_n of_o straw_n and_o then_o snow_n and_o straw_n again_o and_o continue_v s.s.s._n till_o the_o pit_n be_v full_a and_o then_o lay_v straw_n or_o reed_n upon_o all_o they_o keep_v the_o door_n lock_v this_o grate_n be_v so_o contrive_v that_o the_o snow_n melt_v by_o any_o accident_n in_o lay_v or_o extraordinary_a season_n of_o wether_n it_o may_v drain_v away_o from_o the_o mass_n and_o sink_v without_o stagnate_n upon_o it_o which_o will_v accelerate_v the_o dissolution_n and_o therefore_o the_o bottom_n be_v but_o very_o slight_o steen_v etc._n etc._n 2._o and_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v by_o the_o dutchman_n in_o their_o voyage_n to_o nova_n zembla_n that_o in_o june_n the_o sun_n be_v not_o powerful_a enough_o to_o melt_v snow_n and_o even_o in_o warm_a climate_n where_o the_o reflection_n of_o the_o sunbeam_n be_v not_o so_o considerable_a snow_n continue_v unthaw_v all_o summer_n as_o upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o alps_o and_o other_o high_a mountain_n and_o capt._n james_n observe_v that_o in_o august_n ice_n that_o be_v keep_v in_o the_o sunbeam_n continue_v unmelted_a 8_o day_n or_o more_o and_o the_o same_o author_n observe_v that_o the_o very_a ground_n be_v freeze_v in_o june_n title_n xvii_o consideration_n and_o experiment_n concern_v the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la of_o the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la 1._o tho_o several_a sect_n of_o philosopher_n have_v dispute_v about_o a_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la some_o contend_v for_o earth_n other_o water_n other_o air_n and_o another_o sect_n for_o nitre_n yet_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o believe_v that_o there_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n as_o a_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la or_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d in_o which_o that_o quality_n principal_o reside_v and_o from_o whence_o all_o other_o body_n derive_v they_o no_o more_o than_o that_o there_o be_v a_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d or_o principle_n subject_a of_o residence_n for_o any_o other_o quality_n for_o if_o a_o intense_a degree_n of_o motion_n among_o the_o minute_n part_v of_o a_o body_n be_v sufficient_a to_o give_v it_o the_o quality_n of_o heat_n it_o may_v be_v enough_o to_o render_v a_o body_n cold_a that_o that_o motion_n be_v diminish_v upon_o a_o removal_n of_o its_o cause_n so_o that_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v whether_o cold_a be_v a_o positive_a or_o a_o privative_a quality_n frigidum_fw-la the_o earth_n not_o the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la 2._o indeed_o plutarch_n suppose_v the_o earth_n to_o be_v the_o summum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la but_o we_o daily_o see_v that_o it_o be_v freeze_v by_o the_o contiguous_a air_n communicate_v cold_a to_o it_o and_z by_o the_o interposition_n of_o another_o body_n may_v easy_o be_v preserve_v from_o that_o so_o the_o salt-works_a upon_o the_o marsh_n of_o the_o island_n xaintonge_n in_o france_n be_v preserve_v from_o the_o damage_n the_o frost_n will_v do_v they_o by_o let_v in_o water_n by_o sluice_n to_o overflow_v they_o beside_o be_v the_o earth_n the_o summum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la it_o may_v just_o be_v wonder_v why_o it_o congeal_v not_o the_o water_n contiguous_a to_o it_o soon_o than_o hail_v or_o snow_n in_o the_o air_n since_o terrene_a part_n of_o matter_n can_v be_v bring_v thither_o without_o some_o cause_n able_a to_o elevate_v they_o and_o perhaps_o to_o alter_v the_o quality_n of_o they_o not_o to_o mention_v those_o vulcano_n which_v argue_v the_o earth_n to_o abound_v with_o subterraneal_a fire_n and_o that_o in_o several_a place_n where_o there_o be_v no_o such_o vulcano_n as_o in_o deep_a mine_n those_o that_o work_v there_o find_v it_o very_o hot_a and_o troublesome_a and_o in_o deep_a well_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o water_n be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v freeze_v that_o it_o come_v up_o reak_a hot_a which_o can_v be_v suppose_v to_o proceed_v from_o the_o beam_n of_o the_o sun_n since_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v by_o mounseur_fw-fr de_fw-fr clave_n livre_fw-fr 11._o chap._n 8._o that_o in_o the_o southern_a country_n the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n penetrate_v not_o above_o six_o or_o seven_o foot_n deep_a and_o the_o subterraneal_a part_n be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v extreme_o cold_a that_o it_o be_v observe_v by_o miner_n that_o the_o low_a they_o dig_v the_o more_o vapour_n exhalation_n and_o heat_v they_o find_v and_o jo._n baptista_n morinus_n witness_n that_o in_o mine_n in_o hungary_n four_o hundred_o fathom_n deep_a after_o the_o descent_n of_o 80_o fathom_n it_o be_v always_o hot_a but_o whether_o these_o may_v proceed_v from_o subterraneal_a fire_n or_o a_o mixture_n of_o other_o body_n i_o shall_v not_o determine_v since_o i_o have_v see_v body_n actual_o cold_a mix_v together_o produce_v heat_n and_o i_o be_o tell_v that_o in_o some_o part_n of_o england_n they_o dig_v up_o a_o mineral_n which_o upon_o a_o addition_n of_o water_n only_o become_v hot_a and_o for_o a_o like_a reason_n perhaps_o those_o heat_n in_o the_o hungarian_a mine_n may_v be_v cause_v for_o that_o mineral_n steam_n ascend_v be_v evident_a since_o they_o have_v be_v observe_v in_o a_o perpendicular_a groave_fw-it not_o only_o to_o stinkâ_n but_o by_o their_o corrosive_a quality_n to_o corrode_v the_o wooden_a ladder_n and_o morinus_n himself_o tell_v we_o that_o descend_v into_o the_o golden_a mine_n at_o cremnitz_n the_o heat_n increase_v extreme_o as_o he_o descend_v which_o they_o attribute_v to_o a_o mine_n of_o smaragdine_n vitriol_n which_o lie_v under_o it_o of_o which_o kind_n of_o vitriol_n there_o be_v some_o even_o in_o the_o cold_a
and_o superficial_a region_n of_o the_o earth_n 3._o but_o if_o against_o what_o have_v be_v say_v it_o shall_v be_v allege_v that_o by_o the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la they_o only_o mean_v some_o earth_n mix_v with_o the_o common_a part_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n i_o shall_v be_v glad_a to_o know_v how_o we_o must_v discover_v this_o but_o though_o i_o have_v bring_v these_o argument_n against_o this_o common_a receive_v notion_n i_o can_v agree_v with_o gassendus_fw-la who_o think_v that_o the_o earth_n be_v no_o more_o cold_a than_o hot_a since_o it_o be_v natural_o a_o body_n who_o part_n be_v incline_v to_o rest_n it_o without_o the_o assistance_n of_o some_o extrinsic_a agent_n to_o put_v its_o part_n in_o motion_n must_v consequent_o affect_v our_o sensory_a with_o a_o great_a degree_n of_o coldness_n than_o air_n or_o water_n who_o part_n be_v more_o agitate_a 4._o and_o if_o those_o that_o argue_v for_o the_o earth_n be_v the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la have_v 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though_o gassendus_fw-la assert_v that_o body_n receive_v the_o impression_n of_o cold_a from_o nitrous_a exhalation_n swim_v in_o the_o air_n yet_o among_o all_o the_o experiment_n i_o have_v make_v to_o resolve_v nitre_n into_o vapour_n i_o have_v not_o find_v that_o it_o be_v able_a to_o effect_v more_o in_o the_o production_n of_o cold_a than_o other_o saline_n body_n and_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n be_v so_o far_o from_o have_v a_o actual_a coldness_n great_a than_o other_o body_n that_o it_o be_v potential_o hot._n and_o whether_o the_o exhalation_n of_o nitre_n will_v congeal_v water_n or_o not_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n i_o have_v observe_v will_v dissolve_v ice_n as_o soon_o almost_o as_o spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o though_o nitre_n mix_v with_o snow_n or_o ice_n may_v promote_v congelation_n yet_o it_o prove_v not_o that_o the_o part_n of_o nitre_n be_v frigorifick_a since_o the_o experiment_n will_v succeed_v with_o spirit_n of_o wine_n 10._o have_v say_v thus_o much_o of_o gassendus_fw-la his_o opinion_n we_o shall_v in_o the_o next_o place_n propose_v some_o experiment_n which_o will_v be_v a_o further_a confirmation_n of_o what_o we_o have_v be_v say_v 11._o rock-petre_n and_o ice_n be_v put_v into_o a_o bottle_n congeal_v the_o vapour_n on_o the_o outside_n but_o piece_n of_o salt-petre_n lay_v upon_o plate_n of_o ice_n dissolve_v it_o water_n be_v satiate_v with_o salt-petre_n and_o expose_v to_o the_o cold_a in_o a_o bottle_n break_v it_o several_a crystal_n of_o salt-petre_n have_v shoot_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o it_o from_o these_o experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o there_o be_v cold_o body_n than_o salt-petre_n and_o that_o it_o dissolve_v ice_n and_o it_o be_v rather_o hot_a than_o cold_a in_o respect_n of_o ice_n 12._o on_o a_o windy_a and_o a_o cloudy_a day_n have_v suspend_v a_o weatherglass_n in_o water_n satiate_v with_o salt-petre_n we_o observe_v that_o when_o it_o have_v stand_v a_o considerable_a time_n and_o be_v raise_v by_o the_o 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not_o freeze_v near_o so_o hard_a near_o the_o 79th_o degree_n as_o in_o the_o 73d_o and_o though_o nova_n zembla_n lie_v near_o 4_o 5_o and_o 6_o degree_n more_o southerly_a from_o the_o pole_n than_o greenland_n yet_o the_o latter_a have_v grass_n and_o tree_n and_o such_o beast_n as_o feed_v upon_o they_o whereas_o in_o nova_n zembla_n there_o be_v no_o grass_n and_o only_o such_o beast_n as_o feed_v on_o flesh_n to_o which_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o josephus_n acosta_n tell_v we_o that_o under_o the_o line_n when_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o the_o zenith_n and_o just_a enter_v into_o aries_n in_o march_n he_o feel_v himself_o very_o cold_a and_o he_o likewise_o tell_v we_o that_o under_o the_o burn_a zone_n in_o quitto_n and_o the_o plain_n of_o peru_n the_o air_n be_v temperate_a at_o potofi_n very_o cold_a and_o in_o aethiopia_n brasile_a and_o the_o moluccoe_n very_o hot._n and_o he_o observe_v further_a that_o snow_n lie_v on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o hill_n and_o that_o it_o be_v 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_n above_o the_o freeze_a mark_n but_o be_v remove_v into_o the_o garden_n it_o subside_v to_o the_o freeze_a mark_n but_o though_o the_o cellar_n be_v warm_a than_o the_o air_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o so_o warm_a as_o my_o chamber_n the_o weatherglass_n there_o stand_v two_o inch_n above_o the_o freeze_a mark_n in_o the_o morning_n before_o the_o fire_n be_v make_v and_o in_o the_o summer_n the_o tinged_a spirit_n ascend_v to_o the_o 8_o 9th_o and_o sometime_o almost_o to_o the_o ten_o mark._n 3._o the_o last_o night_n be_v render_v very_o cold_a by_o snow_n frost_n and_o wind_n this_o morning_n the_o weatherglass_n be_v remove_v into_o the_o garden_n the_o tinged_a spirit_n subside_v two_o division_n below_o the_o freeze_a mark_n yet_o the_o cellar_n do_v not_o become_v so_o much_o hot_a by_o a_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d but_o that_o oil_n of_o aniseed_n continue_v undissolve_v in_o it_o till_o the_o next_o morning_n though_o the_o moderate_a warmth_n of_o spring_n or_o autumn_n 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than_o that_o in_o greenland_n and_o further_o they_o observe_v that_o sail_v from_o greenland_n the_o compass_n first_o vary_v a_o point_n and_o then_o two_o and_o when_o they_o come_v near_o the_o pole_n the_o compass_n vary_v 4_o point_n and_o that_o towards_o the_o east_n the_o captain_n likewise_o tell_v i_o that_o they_o be_v trouble_v at_o sea_n sometime_o with_o thick_a fog_n some_o of_o which_o last_v half_o a_o day_n other_o a_o day_n and_o other_o a_o whole_a day_n and_o he_o likewise_o tell_v i_o that_o lie_v at_o anchor_n near_o bellsound_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o greenland_n near_o a_o very_a high_a rock_n he_o and_o some_o other_o get_v to_o the_o top_n of_o it_o which_o they_o judge_v to_o be_v half_o a_o mile_n high_a and_o when_o they_o come_v there_o they_o find_v the_o wether_n clear_a and_o the_o sky_n serene_a and_o so_o hot_a that_o they_o be_v force_v to_o strip_v themselves_o but_o below_o they_o can_v discern_v a_o thick_a fog_n which_o when_o they_o come_v down_o they_o find_v be_v very_o cold_a and_o dark_a a_o passage_n take_v out_o of_o the_o czars-doctor's_a letter_n 1._o at_o vologda_n in_o the_o north-east_n from_o moscow_n we_o find_v the_o cold_a wether_n in_o december_n not_o to_o last_v 3_o day_n but_o the_o rain_n be_v unusual_a and_o dangerous_a and_o for_o 30_o year_n past_o the_o winter_n have_v be_v so_o moderate_a that_o people_n be_v not_o freeze_v on_o the_o road_n in_o several_a posture_n but_o sometime_o they_o lose_v their_o nose_n and_o have_v their_o face_n freeze_v 2._o the_o warm_a the_o room_n be_v in_o the_o day_n the_o thick_a the_o hoar_a be_v at_o night_n upon_o the_o glass_n be_v sometime_o a_o inch_n thick_a and_o if_o it_o be_v a_o small_a frost_n the_o nail_n of_o the_o window_n and_o door_n will_v be_v tip_v with_o frost_n the_o falconer_n say_v that_o the_o bird_n creep_v under_o the_o snow_n at_o night_n bear_n make_v themselves_o cave_n against_o winter_n and_o i_o remember_v i_o keep_v one_o two_o day_n without_o meat_n or_o drink_n he_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n make_v a_o lather_n with_o his_o tongue_n and_o suck_v his_o paw_n 3._o a_o wind_n from_o the_o sea_n cause_v a_o thaw_v as_o well_o as_o at_o
burning-glass_n to_o concentre_v the_o ray_n of_o the_o moon_n i_o can_v neither_o perceive_v they_o cold_a or_o hot_a though_o sanctorius_n tell_v we_o that_o they_o be_v hot_a and_o that_o be_v concentre_v and_o cast_v upon_o the_o ball_n of_o a_o common_a weatherglass_n the_o water_n be_v sensible_o depress_v but_o since_o my_o glass_n for_o as_o much_o as_o i_o can_v gather_v from_o the_o narrative_a be_v better_a than_o he_o i_o must_v suspend_v my_o assent_n till_o further_a satisfy_v by_o experience_n for_o since_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o several_a of_o his_o scholar_n stand_v by_o to_o watch_v the_o event_n the_o effect_n may_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n depend_v on_o the_o warmth_n of_o their_o breath_n one_o particular_a referrable_a to_o the_o xxi_o title_n the_o samojede_v clothe_v themselves_o with_o renes_fw-la skin_n the_o hair_n be_v outward_a and_o i_o have_v find_v a_o pair_n of_o cangy_n warm_a than_o fur_a glove_n they_o be_v chief_o make_v use_n of_o for_o the_o 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water_n in_o a_o glass-vial_n but_o by_o all_o the_o shake_n we_o can_v not_o produce_v the_o least_o ice_n though_o whilst_o the_o nitre_n be_v dissolve_v the_o mixture_n be_v sensible_o cold_a and_o the_o same_o we_o have_v observe_v to_o happen_v upon_o a_o dissolution_n of_o common_a salt_n though_o the_o degree_n of_o cold_a be_v not_o sufficient_a for_o congelation_n which_o i_o be_v satisfy_v in_o by_o remove_v a_o thermoscope_n out_o of_o the_o mixture_n of_o nitre_n and_o water_n into_o water_n which_o be_v place_v in_o snow_n and_o salt_n for_o by_o that_o mean_v the_o liquor_n in_o the_o weatherglass_n subside_v in_o the_o latter_a about_o 3_o inch_n so_o that_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o think_v the_o learned_a cabaeus_n mistake_v crystal_n of_o nitre_n for_o ice_n it_o be_v believe_v by_o most_o watermen_n that_o the_o water_n begin_v to_o freeze_v at_o the_o bottom_n because_o they_o observe_v large_a piece_n of_o ice_n rise_v from_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o water_n but_o the_o truth_n of_o it_o be_v very_o reasonable_o question_v since_o we_o not_o only_o see_v that_o water_n in_o vessel_n but_o in_o well_n begin_v to_o freeze_v at_o the_o top_n and_o several_a argument_n in_o proof_n of_o the_o contrary_n may_v be_v find_v in_o our_o section_n of_o the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la and_o as_o for_o those_o piece_n of_o ice_n which_o they_o observe_v to_o emerge_n that_o phaenomenon_n may_v easy_o be_v solve_v without_o suppose_v the_o water_n to_o begin_v to_o freeze_v at_o the_o bottom_n for_o since_o the_o water_n which_o run_v along_o the_o side_n of_o the_o bank_n be_v freeze_v several_a stone_n may_v stick_v to_o it_o they_o by_o their_o weight_n may_v cause_v it_o to_o subside_n when_o it_o be_v partly_o loosen_a by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o the_o water_n by_o that_o rarifaction_n become_v light_a yet_o when_o the_o water_n above_o be_v cool_v and_o the_o water_n below_o be_v warm_a have_v melt_v the_o ice_n in_o some_o measure_n and_o 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and_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v that_o iron-instrument_n bring_v out_o of_o the_o cold_a into_o a_o warm_a room_n have_v be_v cover_v over_o with_o a_o white_a hoar_n and_o it_o be_v not_o only_o confirm_v by_o foreign_a artist_n but_o several_a here_o that_o cold_a have_v so_o great_a a_o effect_n on_o steel_n as_o to_o make_v several_a piece_n of_o metal_n more_o brittle_a than_o in_o the_o summer_n so_o that_o they_o be_v then_o force_v to_o work_v they_o another_o way_n and_o to_o give_v they_o a_o different_a temper_n cold._n hot_a water_n do_v not_o froze_v soon_o than_o cold._n it_o be_v a_o tradition_n and_o also_o teach_v by_o aristotle_n that_o hot_a water_n be_v soon_o freeze_v than_o cold_a to_o determine_v the_o matter_n i_o make_v the_o follow_a experiment_n cold_a water_n be_v expose_v to_o freeze_v in_o one_o porringer_n boil_a water_n cool_v in_o another_o and_o hot_a water_n in_o a_o three_o at_z 8_o a_o clock_z the_o cold_a water_n begin_v to_o freeze_v at_o ¼_n 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the_o mixture_n though_o consistent_a be_v cold_o than_o the_o fluid_a ingredient_n to_o try_v whether_o water_n be_v capable_a of_o compression_n we_o take_v a_o glass-ball_n with_o a_o long_a stem_n and_o fill_v it_o with_o water_n within_o two_o inch_n of_o the_o top_n then_o we_o hermetical_o seal_v it_o up_o and_o freeze_a it_o from_o the_o bottom_n upward_o in_o a_o frigorifick_a mixtre_n when_o the_o include_v air_n be_v compress_v as_o much_o as_o we_o think_v the_o glass_n will_v bear_v we_o nip_v off_o the_o apex_n and_o find_v that_o thereupon_o the_o air_n fly_v out_o and_o the_o water_n rise_v ¼_n of_o a_o inch_n above_o its_o former_a surface_n so_o that_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v compress_v â
_n of_o the_o length_n of_o the_o aqueous_a cylinder_n but_o whether_o this_o phaenomenon_n may_v be_v occasion_v by_o the_o spring_n of_o some_o latent_fw-la air_n in_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o water_n or_o whether_o it_o may_v be_v occasion_v by_o some_o springiness_n in_o the_o ice_n or_o whether_o the_o glass_n be_v before_o distend_v and_o now_o reduce_v to_o its_o former_a dimension_n occasion_v this_o phaenomenon_n i_o will_v not_o undertake_v to_o determine_v without_o further_a trial_n and_o to_o what_o have_v be_v observe_v in_o this_o experiment_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o if_o the_o apex_n be_v break_v off_o before_o the_o air_n be_v much_o compress_v it_o will_v cause_v no_o considerable_a noise_n and_o further_o when_o the_o experiment_n be_v a_o second_o time_n repeat_v with_o one_o of_o the_o same_o glass_n and_o the_o same_o liquor_n it_o will_v rise_v â
_n and_o ¼_n in_o the_o stem_n high_a than_o before_o upon_o break_v of_o the_o apex_n chap._n vi_o a_o examen_fw-la of_o antiperistasis_n as_o it_o be_v usual_o teach_v and_o prove_v antiperistasis_n argument_n allege_v in_o favour_n of_o a_o antiperistasis_n though_o the_o doctrine_n of_o antiperistasis_n be_v assert_v by_o aristotle_n and_o some_o of_o his_o follower_n urge_v reason_n and_o experience_n in_o favour_n of_o it_o yet_o from_o what_o follow_v it_o will_v appear_v that_o what_o be_v offer_v be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o maintain_v his_o doctrine_n for_o first_o it_o be_v reason_v in_o favour_n of_o it_o that_o nothing_o can_v be_v more_o requisite_a for_o the_o preservation_n of_o thing_n and_o more_o agreeable_a to_o the_o wisdom_n and_o goodness_n of_o nature_n than_o to_o furnish_v cold_a and_o heat_n with_o a_o self_n invigorate_n power_n which_o each_o of_o they_o may_v exert_v when_o encompass_v with_o the_o other_o and_o that_o nothing_o be_v more_o natural_a than_o for_o one_o quality_n when_o surround_v with_o a_o predominant_a one_o to_o retire_v into_o the_o innermost_a recess_n of_o that_o body_n where_o the_o force_n of_o it_o be_v increase_v a_o occasional_a exertion_n of_o that_o power_n be_v call_v antiperistasis_n but_o from_o reason_n to_o proceed_v to_o experience_n it_o be_v offer_v by_o the_o maintainer_n of_o a_o antiperistasis_n that_o in_o the_o summer_n when_o the_o low_a and_o uppermost_a region_n of_o the_o air_n be_v insupportable_o hot_a the_o cold_a fly_n to_o the_o middle_a region_n of_o it_o and_o there_o defend_v itself_o against_o the_o other_o two_o about_o it_o and_o as_o the_o cold_a remain_v in_o the_o middle_a region_n by_o virtue_n of_o a_o antiperistasis_n so_o lightning_n be_v but_o a_o explosion_n of_o exhalation_n pin_v up_o in_o the_o cold._n and_o to_o this_o it_o be_v further_o offer_v that_o the_o effect_n of_o antiperistasis_n be_v not_o only_o evident_a in_o the_o air_n but_o the_o earth_n itself_o for_o in_o the_o summer_n when_o the_o air_n above_o the_o earth_n be_v hot_a that_o in_o cellar_n to_o which_o the_o cold_a retreat_n be_v of_o a_o contrary_a quality_n and_o on_o the_o contrary_a in_o the_o winter_n when_o the_o air_n without_o be_v excessive_a cold_a that_o in_o vault_n and_o cellar_n be_v warm_a and_o even_o the_o water_n draw_v from_o wells_n be_v warm_a when_o at_o the_o same_o time_n rivers_n themselves_o be_v cover_v over_o with_o ice_n and_o to_o these_o thing_n it_o be_v further_o offer_v in_o favour_n of_o a_o antiperistasis_n that_o in_o deep_a pit_n as_o well_o as_o mine_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o air_n be_v troublesome_a hot_a in_o the_o winter_n and_o that_o it_o be_v further_o observe_v that_o the_o water_n in_o charlton-island_n have_v be_v observe_v to_o be_v much_o cold_o in_o june_n when_o ice_n swim_v in_o it_o than_o in_o december_n and_o that_o a_o well_o which_o furnish_v they_o with_o water_n in_o december_n afford_v none_o in_o july_n and_o further_o that_o in_o musco_n the_o cellar_n be_v able_a to_o defend_v they_o in_o winter_n from_o the_o excessive_a cold_a and_o that_o even_o in_o those_o gelid_a climate_n water_n draw_v out_o of_o well_n usual_o steam_v or_o smoke_n if_o agitate_a when_v new_o draw_v thus_o much_o be_v offer_v in_o favour_n of_o the_o doctrine_n of_o antiperistasis_n exmine_v those_o argument_n exmine_v it_o be_v answer_v on_o the_o contrary_a first_o as_o to_o the_o rational_a defence_n of_o it_o that_o there_o it_o no_o necessity_n that_o these_o two_o quality_n shall_v thus_o invigorate_v themselves_o there_o be_v no_o danger_n of_o they_o be_v lose_v out_o of_o the_o world_n since_o without_o the_o help_n of_o a_o antiperistasis_n there_o be_v several_a substance_n which_o be_v plentiful_o stock_v with_o matter_n to_o supply_v each_o quality_n beside_o according_a to_o the_o course_n of_o nature_n contrary_a quality_n rather_o destroy_v than_o preserve_v one_o another_o and_o even_o the_o peripatetic_n themselves_o allow_v that_o all_o agent_n act_v as_o much_o as_o they_o can_v and_o we_o have_v several_a instance_n in_o the_o northern_a country_n that_o the_o natural_a heat_n of_o animal_n be_v destroy_v and_o not_o increase_v by_o the_o help_n of_o cold_a and_o though_o it_o be_v common_o allege_v to_o show_v that_o contrary_n endeavour_v to_o shun_v each_o other_o that_o a_o drop_n of_o water_n fall_v upon_o a_o table_n keep_v in_o a_o globular_a form_n yet_o the_o reason_n of_o that_o seem_v only_o to_o be_v this_o viz._n that_o the_o specific_a gravity_n of_o the_o drop_n be_v not_o so_o far_o prevalent_a above_o its_o tenacity_n as_o to_o cause_v it_o to_o spread_v beside_o it_o be_v prevent_v partly_o by_o the_o ambient_fw-la pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n and_o that_o it_o be_v globous_a figure_n be_v not_o owe_v to_o its_o aversion_n to_o spread_v upon_o a_o dry_a body_n and_o its_o disposition_n to_o shun_v contrary_n be_v evident_a since_o it_o retain_v the_o like_a figure_n when_o mix_v with_o fluid_a oil_n and_o mercury_n on_o the_o contrary_a though_o it_o be_v apt_a to_o retain_v a_o globular_a figure_n upon_o a_o table_n yet_o if_o put_v upon_o gold_n it_o lose_v that_o figure_n antiperistasis_n whether_o the_o phaenomena_n of_o slack_v quicklime_n be_v a_o argument_n of_o antiperistasis_n but_o to_o pass_v by_o what_o reason_n may_v be_v offer_v against_o the_o doctrine_n of_o antiperistasis_n to_o proceed_v to_o examine_v what_o experiment_n and_o observation_n have_v be_v allege_v in_o favour_n of_o it_o i_o shall_v first_o observe_v that_o though_o the_o slack_n of_o quicklime_n with_o cold_a water_n be_v general_o look_v upon_o to_o be_v a_o effect_n of_o antiperistasis_n yet_o it_o appear_v otherwise_o since_o it_o will_v cause_v a_o much_o more_o violent_a ebullition_n if_o boil_a water_n be_v make_v use_n of_o instead_o of_o cold_a the_o part_n of_o the_o hot_a liquor_n be_v much_o more_o apt_a to_o penetrate_v and_o dissolve_v it_o and_o to_o set_v the_o igneous_a part_n at_o liberty_n for_o which_o reason_n spirit_n of_o salt_n cause_v still_o a_o strong_a ferment_n than_o hot_a water_n but_o to_o show_v further_o that_o water_n slack_v not_o lime_n because_o its_o coldness_n keep_v in_o and_o thereby_o invigorate_v the_o power_n of_o the_o igneous_a fiery_a part_n of_o the_o lime_n i_o put_v a_o piece_n into_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n which_o do_v not_o in_o the_o least_o dissolve_v it_o nor_o do_v spirit_n of_o wine_n though_o upon_o the_o removal_n of_o it_o into_o water_n it_o be_v present_o dissolve_v examine_v another_o argument_n examine_v another_o argument_n allege_v for_o a_o antiperistasis_n be_v the_o freeze_a of_o a_o pot_n to_o the_o top_n of_o a_o stool_n at_o the_o fire_n side_n by_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n but_o this_o experiment_n have_v likewise_o succeed_v where_o there_o be_v no_o fire_n near_o it_o can_v not_o be_v say_v that_o the_o effect_v depend_v upon_o the_o force_n of_o the_o fire_n invigorate_n the_o cold._n another_o experiment_n employ_v by_o the_o asserter_n of_o a_o antiperistasis_n be_v that_o if_o a_o pot_n of_o snow_n be_v set_v over_o the_o fire_n and_o a_o vial_n full_a of_o water_n be_v place_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o
the_o influence_n of_o subterraneal_a fire_n for_o which_o reason_n deep_a cellar_n be_v general_o warm_a and_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v that_o the_o deep_a mine_n in_o hungary_n be_v always_o the_o hot_a and_o though_o the_o upper_a region_n in_o some_o measure_n seem_v cold_a yet_o that_o may_v easy_o be_v cause_v by_o the_o predisposition_n of_o our_o sensory_n when_o out_o of_o the_o warm_a air_n we_o find_v it_o comparative_o cold_o in_o the_o top_n of_o the_o groove_n and_o in_o our_o ascent_n cold_o in_o respect_n of_o those_o region_n which_o be_v near_a the_o influence_n of_o subterraneal_a fire_n and_o that_o the_o low_a region_n be_v hot_a than_o the_o uppermost_a be_v not_o only_o evident_a from_o what_o have_v be_v elsewhere_o deliver_v but_o from_o what_o archbishop_n vpsal_n have_v observe_v in_o the_o deep_a mountain_n in_o poland_n from_o whence_o they_o dig_v rock-salt_n and_o though_o the_o heat_n of_o spring_n in_o the_o winter_n may_v be_v allege_v by_o some_o as_o a_o cause_n of_o antiperistasis_n yet_o it_o be_v easy_o otherwise_o explain_v since_o the_o subterraneal_a effluvia_fw-la of_o the_o earth_n as_o well_o as_o the_o comparative_a coldness_n of_o the_o air_n be_v sufficient_a to_o solve_v that_o phaenomenon_n and_o that_o the_o antiperistasis_n be_v not_o so_o powerful_a in_o the_o winter_n as_o to_o have_v any_o effect_n on_o the_o subterraneal_a part_n be_v evident_a since_o capt._n james_n tell_v we_o that_o he_o have_v a_o well_o which_o remain_v unfreeze_v all_o winter_n so_o that_o by_o break_v the_o ice_n on_o the_o top_n they_o can_v get_v fresh_a water_n and_o it_o be_v attest_v by_o a_o latin_a author_n that_o in_o or_o near_o the_o island_n hueena_n wherein_o the_o famous_a tycho_n build_v his_o vraniburgum_a there_o be_v one_o spring_n which_o be_v not_o freeze_v in_o winter_n and_o olaus_n magnus_n tell_v we_o that_o near_o nidrosia_n one_o of_o the_o chief_a city_n of_o norway_n there_o be_v a_o lake_n that_o in_o that_o northern_a region_n never_o freeze_v and_o josephus_n inform_v we_o of_o a_o hot_a spring_n in_o peru_n from_o whence_o the_o water_n issue_n out_o boil_v hot_a yet_o a_o spring_n which_o be_v just_a by_o it_o be_v cold_a as_o ice_n so_o that_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o soil_n through_o which_o body_n flow_v may_v have_v a_o considerable_a stroke_n in_o alter_v the_o temper_n of_o the_o water_n and_o to_o favour_v what_o i_o have_v say_v of_o the_o reason_n why_o spring_n steam_v in_o the_o summer_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o our_o breath_n as_o well_o as_o the_o steam_n of_o issue_n be_v visible_a in_o the_o winter_n though_o not_o discernible_a in_o the_o summer_n and_o the_o very_a steam_n of_o a_o labour_a man_n have_v be_v freeze_v on_o the_o outside_n of_o his_o waistcoat_n whilst_o he_o be_v work_v and_o it_o be_v common_o observe_v that_o the_o steam_n of_o a_o river_n be_v very_o apparent_a in_o the_o evening_n though_o not_o discernible_a at_o midday_n in_o summer_n and_o that_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o only_o heat_v by_o those_o subterraneal_a steam_n but_o that_o those_o meteor_n which_o we_o frequent_o see_v proceed_v from_o subterraneal_a effluvia_fw-la will_v be_v render_v probable_a by_o observe_v that_o miner_n usual_o foretell_v storm_n and_o alteration_n in_o the_o air_n by_o the_o damp_n which_o rise_v in_o their_o mine_n and_o in_o cornwall_n it_o be_v observe_v by_o the_o fisherman_n that_o those_o sulphureous_a exhalation_n which_o appear_v like_o fire_n up_o and_o down_o general_o precede_v considerable_a storm_n and_o the_o like_a have_v be_v observe_v on_o the_o coast_n of_o ireland_n when_o a_o black_a cloud_n like_o a_o barrel_n rise_v out_o of_o the_o water_n a_o violent_a storm_n present_o succeed_v and_o a_o anonymous_n writer_n tell_v we_o that_o in_o comitatus_fw-la zotiensis_n in_o hungary_n a_o clift_n of_o ground_n emit_v such_o steam_n that_o bird_n and_o cat_n or_o dog_n be_v hold_v over_o it_o be_v kill_v by_o the_o steam_n of_o it_o and_o the_o same_o author_n tell_v we_o that_o near_o the_o city_n buda_n there_o be_v such_o hot_a spring_n that_o the_o river_n danubius_n be_v not_o able_a to_o keep_v they_o cool_v and_o he_o tell_v we_o likewise_o that_o in_o the_o river_n istroganum_n they_o may_v discover_v hot_a spring_n by_o remove_v the_o sand_n with_o their_o foot_n and_o i_o be_o inform_v by_o credible_a witness_n that_o in_o the_o north_n of_o england_n there_o be_v a_o ditch_n which_o emit_v steam_n which_o be_v inflammable_a and_o probable_o there_o may_v be_v other_o place_n which_o emit_v such_o kind_n of_o effluvia_fw-la and_o afford_v matter_n for_o fiery_a meteor_n and_o wind_n and_o we_o be_v tell_v that_o not_o only_o in_o muscovy_n a_o tract_n of_o water_n a_o mile_n long_o continue_v unfreeze_v when_o the_o rest_n be_v and_o emit_v hot_a steam_n but_o olaus_n magnus_n tell_v we_o of_o a_o lake_n veter_fw-la which_o thaw_v with_o a_o considerable_a noise_n that_o as_o well_o as_o the_o river_n peking_n near_o china_n which_o thaw_v in_o one_o day_n begin_v at_o the_o bottom_n and_o so_o thaw_v upward_o and_o in_o these_o thaw_v it_o be_v observe_v that_o they_o be_v foretell_v by_o a_o great_a boil_a of_o the_o water_n first_o under_o the_o ice_n and_o that_o such_o effluvia_fw-la be_v detain_v from_o fly_v away_o and_o keep_v up_o in_o the_o earth_n may_v contribute_v to_o the_o heat_n of_o cellar_n appear_v further_o since_o in_o muscow_n when_o a_o cellar_n have_v be_v long_o keep_v shut_v when_o first_o the_o door_n be_v open_v the_o steam_n will_v affect_v the_o man_n so_o powerful_o as_o almost_o to_o suffocate_v they_o so_o that_o from_o hence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o retention_n of_o hot_a effluvia_fw-la depend_v on_o a_o constipation_n of_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o not_o on_o the_o disposition_n of_o hot_a vapour_n to_o fly_v away_o from_o their_o contrary_n since_o we_o see_v that_o they_o have_v no_o such_o disposition_n the_o vapour_n of_o a_o well_o rather_o disperse_v themselves_o in_o the_o air_n than_o fly_v away_o from_o it_o but_o to_o disprove_v the_o doctrine_n of_o antiperistasis_n further_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o a_o rod_n of_o iron_n which_o have_v a_o piece_n of_o iron_n fix_v to_o one_o end_n of_o it_o have_v that_o end_n make_v red_a hot_a and_o quench_v in_o cold_a water_n the_o heat_n do_v not_o recede_v into_o the_o other_o end_n to_o avoid_v the_o coldness_n of_o the_o water_n but_o a_o more_o convince_a experiment_n be_v that_o a_o weatherglass_n be_v suspend_v in_o a_o wide-mouthed_a glass_n in_o water_n when_o that_o glass_n be_v place_v in_o hot_a water_n the_o coldness_n of_o that_o in_o the_o wide-mouthed_a glass_n be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v drive_v upon_o the_o weatherglass_n that_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n do_v not_o in_o the_o least_o subside_n but_o when_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o external_n water_n be_v diffuse_v through_o the_o other_o it_o manifest_o rose_n and_o this_o experiment_n be_v try_v with_o warm_a water_n in_o the_o wide-mouthed_a glass_n and_o cold_a water_n about_o that_o the_o heat_n be_v not_o more_o intense_a about_o the_o weatherglass_n but_o when_o the_o cold_a have_v diffuse_v itself_o through_o the_o warm_a water_n the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n subside_v postscript_n though_o from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v it_o appear_v that_o the_o doctrine_n of_o antiperistasis_n be_v not_o without_o reason_n explode_v yet_o i_o shall_v suspend_v my_o judgement_n whether_o cellar_n be_v warm_a in_o the_o winter_n than_o the_o summer_n or_o not_o since_o the_o learned_a jesuit_n zucchius_n tell_v we_o that_o have_v suspend_v a_o weatherglass_n 3_o year_n in_o a_o cellar_n the_o water_n will_v rise_v in_o the_o winter_n and_o descend_v in_o the_o summer_n and_o another_o tell_v we_o that_o he_o know_v a_o well_o cold_o in_o summer_n than_o winter_n yet_o i_o be_o far_o from_o believe_v this_o observation_n universal_a since_o what_o have_v be_v say_v evince_n the_o contrary_a for_o though_o the_o superficial_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v subject_a to_o vary_v in_o their_o temperature_n as_o the_o wether_n influence_n they_o yet_o subterraneal_a cavity_n than_o be_v very_o deep_o be_v neither_o hot_a or_o cold_a in_o the_o winter_n or_o summer_n and_o though_o zucchius_n have_v undertake_v to_o measure_v it_o by_o the_o assistance_n of_o weather-glass_n yet_o since_o ordinary_a weather-glass_n be_v subject_a to_o be_v influence_v by_o the_o gravity_n of_o the_o air_n as_o well_o as_o the_o heat_n and_o cold_a of_o it_o and_o since_o some_o place_n be_v full_a of_o subterraneal_a vapour_n than_o other_o and_o consequent_o the_o sudden_a ascent_n of_o exhalation_n may_v present_o increase_v the_o weight_n of_o it_o i_o think_v the_o follow_a experiment_n make_v by_o the_o
learned_a maignan_n sufficient_a to_o balance_v what_o zucchius_n have_v deliver_v and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v deliver_v it_o in_o the_o author_n word_n expertus_fw-la ego_fw-la sum_fw-la say_v he_o thermometro_n fidelissimo_fw-la &_o a_o praecedente_fw-la hyeme_fw-fr in_fw-la sequentem_fw-la aestatem_fw-la prorsus_fw-la invariato_fw-it instructo_fw-la etiam_fw-la tali_fw-la aqua_fw-la nempe_fw-la in_o hoc_fw-la ipsum_fw-la ex_fw-la praescripto_fw-la trebellii_n ita_fw-la comparata_fw-la ut_fw-la non_fw-la exhaletur_fw-la neque_fw-la minuatur_fw-la expertus_fw-la inquam_fw-la sum_fw-la in_fw-la supradictis_fw-la optimis_fw-la cellis_fw-la vinariis_fw-la maximum_fw-la quod_fw-la ardentissima_fw-la aestate_fw-la fuit_fw-la frigus_fw-la non_fw-la adaequasse_fw-la illud_fw-la quod_fw-la ibidem_fw-la erat_fw-la brumali_fw-la tempore_fw-la ut_fw-la dixi_fw-la si_fw-la quidem_fw-la in_o tubo_fw-la vitrei_fw-la thermometri_n quatuor_fw-la circiter_fw-la palmos_fw-la longos_fw-la &_o in_fw-la octo_fw-la gradus_fw-la graduumque_fw-la minuta_fw-la diviso_fw-la aqua_fw-la hyeme_n ascendit_fw-la ad_fw-la gradus_fw-la 7_o cum_fw-la semisse_fw-la aestate_fw-la autem_fw-la vix_fw-la gradum_fw-la sextum_fw-la superavit_fw-la cùm_fw-la tamen_fw-la ad_fw-la sensum_fw-la multò_fw-la magis_fw-la vigerat_fw-la frigus_fw-la istud_fw-la aestivum_fw-la chap._n vii_o a_o examination_n of_o mr._n hobbes_n doctrine_n of_o cold._n cold._n mr._n hobbes_n doctrine_n of_o cold._n mr._n hobbes_n in_o his_o doctrine_n of_o cold_a tell_v we_o that_o the_o air_n be_v put_v into_o a_o expansive_a motion_n by_o the_o beam_n of_o the_o sun_n it_o be_v beat_v down_o upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n where_o find_v a_o resistance_n below_o it_o spread_v itself_o every_o way_n towards_o the_o pole_n and_o as_o the_o parallel_n circle_n grow_v close_o towards_o the_o pole_n so_o the_o air_n be_v straighten_a and_o more_o condense_a cause_n a_o great_a degree_n of_o cold._n to_o which_o he_o add_v that_o as_o the_o air_n move_v betwixt_o these_o paraller_n it_o rake_n upon_o the_o surface_n of_o water_n more_o or_o less_o as_o the_o air_n be_v more_o or_o less_o straighten_a by_o which_o mean_v the_o water_n not_o only_o tend_v towards_o its_o centre_n by_o its_o own_o gravity_n but_o be_v also_o condense_v by_o the_o rakeing_n pressure_n of_o the_o air_n the_o surface_n of_o it_o be_v first_o congeal_v and_o then_o it_o gradual_o descend_v and_o for_o a_o like_a reason_n when_o water_n be_v immerse_v in_o snow_n and_o salt_n the_o mixture_n melt_v those_o very_a part_n which_o lodge_v in_o the_o pore_n of_o it_o they_o rake_v against_o the_o side_n of_o the_o glass_n give_v it_o such_o a_o motion_n as_o when_o communicate_v to_o the_o water_n contain_v in_o it_o cause_v it_o to_o congeal_v and_o for_o a_o reason_n not_o unlike_o the_o former_a the_o particle_n of_o air_n contain_v in_o cloud_n be_v in_o their_o descent_n squeeze_v out_o rake_v the_o drop_n of_o water_n in_o 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see_v not_o how_o the_o air_n can_v beat_v upon_o
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nihil_fw-la agere_fw-la unde_fw-la ejus_fw-la motus_fw-la incutiatur_fw-la potest_fw-la but_o without_o suppose_v insensible_a matter_n to_o be_v in_o the_o least_o capable_a of_o proscecute_v or_o avoid_v what_o be_v hurtful_a to_o it_o this_o objection_n be_v easy_o answer_v for_o the_o reason_n why_o warm_a water_n feel_v hot_a and_o cold_a affect_v we_o upon_o immerge_v our_o hand_n in_o it_o be_v because_o the_o part_n of_o the_o one_o be_v more_o and_o the_o part_n of_o the_o other_o less_o agitate_a than_o those_o about_o the_o sensory_a and_o the_o motion_n of_o humour_n about_o our_o sensory_a be_v increase_v we_o feel_v a_o hot_a sensation_n and_o a_o cold_a one_o upon_o a_o privation_n of_o that_o motion_n five_o a_o five_o and_o though_o it_o be_v urge_v by_o some_o in_o favour_n of_o the_o positive_a nature_n of_o cold_a that_o water_n be_v freeze_v by_o external_o apply_v to_o the_o outside_n of_o a_o glass_n a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n yet_o to_o show_v that_o 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not_o that_o that_o act_v positive_o upon_o they_o but_o imbibe_v the_o moisture_n and_o i_o have_v see_v a_o cold_a liquor_n acquire_v a_o hardness_n its_o moisture_n be_v imbibe_v by_o a_o piece_n of_o bread_n immerse_v in_o it_o as_o also_o spirit_n of_o wine_n dephlegm_v by_o a_o mixture_n of_o salt_n of_o tartar_n without_o so_o much_o as_o heat_v the_o aqueous_a part_n find_v a_o more_o ready_a and_o easy_a passage_n into_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o alkaly_n than_o through_o the_o spiritous_a liquor_n and_o i_o know_v a_o saline_a body_n which_o when_o incorporate_v with_o water_n the_o water_n will_v leave_v this_o a_o consistent_a mass_n and_o be_v imbibe_v by_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o for_o a_o further_a illustration_n of_o the_o cartesian_a explication_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o camphire_n by_o float_v upon_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la will_v become_v a_o fluid_a oil_n and_o continue_v in_o that_o form_n till_o the_o subtle_a spirit_n which_o by_o pervade_v it_o keep_v 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same_o temper_n with_o it_o which_o appear_v by_o a_o weatherglass_n immerse_v
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effect_n of_o a_o mixture_n of_o salt_n of_o tartar_n and_o water_n will_v produce_v heat_n when_o mix_v again_o with_o that_o water_n which_o show_v that_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o fire_n be_v not_o requisite_a to_o impress_v upon_o all_o calcine_v body_n that_o will_v heat_n with_o water_n what_o pass_v for_o a_o empyreum_fw-la and_o this_o phaenomenon_n i_o be_o apt_a to_o believe_v proceed_v from_o a_o disposition_n of_o the_o texture_n of_o the_o salt_n be_v stock_v with_o store_n of_o igneous_a part_n which_o upon_o a_o ingress_n of_o water_n press_v into_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o body_n by_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v apt_a to_o break_v the_o texture_n of_o that_o body_n and_o to_o put_v they_o in_o motion_n so_o as_o to_o produce_v a_o sensible_a heat_n and_o that_o the_o ferment_n depend_v upon_o the_o peculiar_a texture_n of_o the_o salt_n i_o be_o persuade_v and_o a_o constipation_n of_o the_o pore_n of_o it_o since_o sal-armon_a dissolve_v in_o water_n and_o boil_v to_o a_o dry_a salt_n be_v not_o so_o much_o impregnate_v with_o fiery_a part_n as_o to_o cause_v a_o heat_n upon_o its_o mixture_n with_o water_n again_o but_o a_o considerable_a degree_n of_o cold_a and_o though_o one_o will_v expect_v a_o great_a cognation_n betwixt_o the_o particle_n of_o fire_n adhere_v to_o quicklime_n and_o spirit_n of_o wine_n whole_o inflammable_a yet_o the_o latter_a pour_v upon_o the_o former_a do_v not_o produce_v any_o sensible_a incalescence_n or_o dissolution_n of_o it_o and_o when_o this_o spirit_n be_v soak_v into_o it_o i_o pour_v water_n upon_o it_o without_o perceive_v the_o least_o heat_n or_o the_o lime_n break_v till_o within_o a_o few_o hour_n after_o so_o that_o the_o spirit_n be_v suck_v into_o the_o most_o capacious_a pore_n of_o the_o lime_n and_o associate_a with_o the_o water_n render_v it_o more_o unfit_a to_o
penetrate_v the_o minute_a pore_n and_o to_o dissolve_v the_o lime_n experiment_n v._n quicklime_n be_v immerse_v in_o spirit_n of_o wine_n in_o a_o retort_n and_o the_o spirit_n and_o phlegm_n draw_v off_o the_o remain_a quicklime_n instead_o of_o be_v slack_v be_v a_o more_o fiery_a substance_n than_o before_o for_o if_o a_o piece_n of_o it_o be_v throw_v into_o water_n it_o will_v hiss_v like_o a_o coal_n and_o heat_v the_o liquor_n which_o property_n it_o retain_v several_a week_n be_v keep_v close_o from_o the_o air._n whence_o it_o appear_v how_o much_o the_o texture_n of_o quicklime_n and_o the_o association_n of_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n improve_n that_o texture_n contribute_v to_o the_o phaenomena_n offord_v by_o quicklime_n and_o that_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n be_v associate_v with_o the_o quicklime_n be_v probable_a since_o part_v of_o it_o become_v a_o spiritless_a phlegm_n and_o i_o have_v observe_v quicklime_n and_o spirit_n of_o wine_n sometime_o to_o come_v over_o in_o white_a fume_n to_o which_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o in_o such_o distillation_n the_o odour_n of_o the_o spirit_n have_v not_o only_o be_v change_v but_o its_o taste_n render_v more_o fiery_a and_o brisk_a but_o the_o success_n be_v not_o always_o the_o same_o be_v diversify_v according_a to_o difference_n of_o the_o quicklime_n which_o may_v be_v more_o or_o less_o calcine_v or_o the_o stone_n may_v be_v of_o a_o different_a nature_n itself_o experiment_n vi._n but_o to_o proceed_v to_o other_o experiment_n which_o show_v that_o heat_n may_v be_v produce_v mechanical_o a_o nail_n hasty_o hammer_v grow_v hot_a the_o part_n of_o the_o metal_n be_v by_o that_o force_n vehement_o and_o various_o determine_v though_o the_o hammer_n and_o anvil_n be_v not_o warm_a so_o that_o hence_o it_o appear_v that_o it_o be_v not_o requisite_a a_o calorifick_a body_n shall_v be_v hot_a itself_o the_o hammer_n be_v able_a though_o cold_a to_o warm_v the_o iron_n it_o beat_v upon_o and_o so_o the_o head_n of_o a_o nail_n grow_v hot_a when_o it_o can_v pierce_v no_o deep_o into_o wood_n the_o force_n of_o the_o beat_a hammer_n be_v not_o spend_v in_o depress_v the_o nail_n but_o put_v the_o resist_a part_n into_o agitation_n experiment_n vii_o and_o once_o i_o cause_v a_o piece_n of_o iron_n to_o be_v beat_v by_o three_o smith_n till_o it_o grow_v so_o hot_a as_o to_o kindle_v sulphur_n upon_o it_o experiment_n viii_o and_o that_o heat_n may_v be_v produce_v by_o percussion_n and_o attrition_n appear_v further_a since_o iron_n grow_v hot_a by_o be_v boil_v a_o knife_n by_o whet_v a_o brass_n nail_n by_o be_v rub_v and_o flint_n by_o be_v strike_v together_o experiment_n ix_o to_o show_v that_o heat_n may_v be_v produce_v without_o the_o attrition_n of_o contiguous_a air_n i_o place_v pitch_n under_o water_n and_o by_o the_o sunbeam_n cast_v into_o a_o focus_n by_o a_o burn_a glass_n upon_o it_o it_o be_v not_o only_o melt_v but_o seem_v to_o boil_v and_o smoke_n experiment_n x._o the_o powder_n of_o slack_v quicklime_n wash_v from_o its_o salt_n be_v mix_v with_o salarmoniack_a and_o melt_v together_o the_o cold_a mass_n be_v put_v into_o a_o glass_n upon_o a_o affusion_n of_o water_n grow_v too_o hot_a to_o be_v touch_v with_o one_o hand_n though_o the_o salarmoniack_a itself_o in_o water_n produce_v cold._n experiment_n xi_o salarmoniack_a and_o file_n of_o steel_n be_v sublime_v together_o the_o caput_fw-la mortuum_n in_o which_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o salt_n remain_v instead_o of_o increase_v the_o coldness_n of_o water_n be_v pour_v upon_o it_o several_a month_n after_o the_o caput_fw-la mortuum_n be_v first_o lay_v up_o give_v the_o water_n a_o notable_a degree_n of_o heat_n experiment_n xii_o equal_a part_n of_o antimony_n and_o salarmoniack_a be_v sublime_v with_o several_a degree_n of_o heat_n in_o a_o glass-vessel_n we_o obtain_v three_o several_a substance_n which_o be_v several_o powder_v the_o caput_fw-la mortuum_n which_o be_v like_o antimony_n be_v put_v into_o water_n in_o which_o a_o thermoscope_n be_v immerse_v scarce_o raise_v the_o liquor_n sensible_o but_o the_o yellow_a sublimate_n which_o consist_v of_o the_o sulphureous_a flower_n of_o antimony_n and_o the_o more_o volatile_a salt_n of_o the_o salarmoniack_a cause_v the_o weatherglass_n in_o another_o parcel_n of_o water_n to_o descend_v a_o quarter_n of_o a_o inch_n and_o the_o low_a sublimate_n which_o be_v black_a be_v put_v into_o a_o three_o parcel_n of_o water_n the_o liquor_n in_o the_o weatherglass_n subside_v near_o three_o inch_n but_o the_o like_a experiment_n be_v try_v with_o the_o caput_fw-la mortuum_n of_o minium_n and_o salarmoniack_a it_o neither_o cause_v the_o liquor_n in_o the_o weatherglass_n to_o rise_v or_o fall_v but_o the_o sublimate_n raise_v from_o these_o ingredient_n cause_v the_o liquor_n to_o subside_o a_o little_a experiment_n xiii_o whether_o solvent_n dissolve_v mineral_n and_o cause_n that_o heat_v observable_a in_o their_o action_n by_o any_o antipathy_n betwixt_o the_o mineral_n and_o the_o menstruum_fw-la or_o whether_o it_o do_v not_o rather_o proceed_v from_o the_o violent_a agitation_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o metal_n either_o dissolve_v by_o the_o insinuation_n of_o its_o part_n into_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o metal_n or_o by_o obstruct_v the_o passage_n of_o some_o aethereal_a matter_n through_o those_o pore_n which_o want_v its_o usual_a course_n dissolve_v the_o metal_n by_o force_v a_o new_a way_n i_o shall_v not_o undertake_v to_o determine_v but_o have_v agitate_a oil_n of_o vitriol_n with_o four_o time_n its_o weight_n of_o water_n thereby_o it_o obtain_v a_o sensible_a heat_n from_o which_o experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o heat_v produce_v by_o mineral_n depend_v not_o on_o a_o conflict_n of_o acid_n and_o alkaly_n since_o water_n be_v void_a of_o either_o of_o those_o chemical_a quality_n experiment_n fourteen_o if_o a_o piece_n of_o wet_a ice_n be_v throw_v into_o a_o viol_n which_o before_o contain_v oil_n of_o vitriol_n the_o oil_n mix_v with_o the_o water_n dissolve_v the_o ice_n and_o cause_v a_o strong_a fermentation_n and_o a_o violent_a heat_n experiment_n xv._o half_n a_o ounce_n of_o spirit_n of_o wine_n be_v mix_v with_o a_o ounce_n of_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n acquire_v a_o considerable_a degree_n of_o heat_n present_o and_o almost_o most_o fill_v the_o bottle_n with_o fume_n and_o the_o bottle_n grow_v so_o hot_a at_o the_o last_o that_o i_o can_v not_o hold_v it_o in_o my_o hand_n the_o like_a succeed_v only_o in_o a_o more_o remiss_a degree_n with_o common_a brandy_n and_o also_o with_o aqua_fw-la vitæ_fw-la experiment_n xvi_o though_o the_o chemist_n teach_v that_o the_o incalescence_n of_o body_n depend_v on_o a_o antipathy_n of_o the_o mix_a body_n yet_o i_o find_v a_o intense_a heat_v ensue_v the_o mixture_n of_o part_n of_o the_o same_o body_n viz._n calcine_v colcothar_n and_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n experiment_n xvii_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n and_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n mix_v together_o produce_v a_o considerable_a degree_n of_o heat_n experiment_n xviii_o a_o ounce_n of_o rectify_v petroleum_n be_v mix_v with_o a_o equal_a weight_n of_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n the_o former_a liquor_n seem_v to_o work_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o this_o like_o a_o menstruum_fw-la upon_o metal_n the_o fume_n of_o the_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n rise_v into_o the_o ol._n petrae_fw-la and_o the_o mutual_a re-action_n of_o both_o the_o liquor_n cause_v a_o moderate_a warmness_n and_o we_o have_v almost_o the_o like_a success_n with_o petroleum_n and_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n but_o in_o these_o last_o mention_v trial_n spirit_n of_o salt_n make_v use_v of_o instead_o of_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n have_v no_o such_o considerable_a effect_n experiment_n xix_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n cause_v a_o considerable_a effervescence_n upon_o file_n of_o steel_n especial_o if_o they_o be_v soak_v in_o water_n and_o it_o will_v grow_v sensible_o hot_a with_o lime_n oyster-shell_n chalk_n lapis_n calaminaris_n etc._n etc._n experiment_n xx._n oil_n of_o vitriol_n grow_v hot_a with_o cherry_n and_o likewise_o with_o raisin_n of_o the_o sun_n beat_v in_o a_o mortar_n as_o well_o as_o with_o several_a other_o vegetable_a substance_n and_o very_o considerable_o with_o crumb_n of_o white_a bread_n experiment_n xxi_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n cause_v a_o considerable_a heat_n if_o mix_v with_o mince_a flesh_n experiment_n xxii_o though_o sea-salt_n impart_v a_o coldness_n to_o water_n yet_o with_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n it_o cause_v heat_n yet_o with_o sal_fw-la armon_n part_n of_o which_o consist_v of_o common_a salt_n it_o produce_v a_o coldness_n experiment_n xxiii_o common_a sulphur_n acquire_v a_o heat_n by_o attritition_n and_o emit_v sulphureous_a steam_n copious_o so_o that_o sulphur_n itself_o as_o well_o as_o other_o body_n owe_v its_o heat_n to_o local_a motion_n experiment_n xxiv_o equal_a part_n
that_o for_o that_o reason_n i_o call_v it_o the_o icy_a noctiluca_n but_o though_o general_o it_o be_v colourless_a and_o transparent_a yet_o some_o small_a piece_n be_v opake_v and_o of_o various_a colour_n compare_v with_o each_o other_o 2._o this_o noctiluca_n be_v heavy_a in_o specie_fw-la than_o water_n and_o though_o consistent_a yet_o not_o so_o hard_a as_o common_a ice_n but_o it_o be_v brittle_a and_o may_v be_v spread_v upon_o a_o solid_a body_n like_o the_o unmelted_a tallow_n of_o a_o candle_n it_o may_v be_v melt_v in_o hot_a liquor_n without_o waste_n but_o in_o the_o air_n a_o great_a part_n of_o it_o will_v be_v consume_v as_o to_o sense_n it_o be_v cold_a but_o be_v of_o such_o a_o texture_n that_o it_o easy_o become_v hot_a upon_o agitation_n 3._o when_o hold_v in_o the_o air_n it_o yield_v a_o vivid_n light_n if_o wet_v over_o and_o when_o first_o expose_v to_o the_o air_n it_o not_o only_o shine_v but_o emit_v store_n of_o effluvia_fw-la as_o long_o as_o it_o be_v keep_v there_o when_o it_o be_v immerse_v in_o water_n it_o cease_v to_o shine_v and_o also_o to_o smoke_v but_o as_o soon_o as_o it_o be_v take_v out_o it_o begin_v afresh_o and_o if_o part_v be_v immerse_v and_o part_n above_o water_n the_o latter_a will_v shine_v vivid_o though_o the_o other_o will_v not_o immerse_v the_o quality_n of_o water_n in_o which_o it_o have_v be_v immerse_v 4._o the_o water_n in_o which_o this_o noctiluca_n have_v be_v sometime_o immerse_v have_v a_o strong_a and_o penetrant_fw-la taste_n like_o a_o mixture_n of_o brine_n and_o spirit_n of_o salt_n and_o relish_v a_o little_a of_o vitriol_n be_v hold_v in_o a_o small_a concave_a vessel_n of_o silver_n over_o light_a coal_n and_o ash_n it_o evaporate_v very_o slow_o and_o will_v not_o shoot_v into_o crystal_n nor_o afford_v a_o dry_a salt_n but_o coagulate_v into_o a_o substance_n like_o a_o jelly_n or_o the_o white_n of_o egg_n which_o will_v be_v easy_o melt_v by_o heat_n when_o keep_v on_o a_o hot_a fire_n it_o will_v first_o boil_v and_o then_o make_v a_o crackle_v noise_n and_o the_o explosion_n will_v be_v accompany_v with_o flash_n of_o fire_n and_o light_n which_o if_o they_o be_v small_a be_v general_o blue_a like_a flame_n of_o sulphur_n but_o more_o vivid_n and_o sometime_o bluer_n but_o the_o great_a flake_n appear_v yellow_a and_o very_a luminous_a and_o these_o phaenomena_n appear_v likewise_o for_o some_o time_n after_o the_o vessel_n be_v take_v off_o when_o this_o matter_n be_v almost_o melt_v by_o heat_n if_o it_o be_v permit_v to_o cool_v it_o acquire_v a_o rosinous_a consistence_n and_o tinge_v the_o flame_n of_o a_o candle_n blue_a by_o the_o fire_n work_v upon_o it_o it_o acquire_v a_o garlic_n smell_v and_o be_v leave_v in_o the_o air_n all_o night_n it_o turn_v to_o a_o liquor_n almost_o as_o strong_a as_o spirit_n of_o salt_n be_v put_v upon_o the_o fire_n again_o it_o will_v afford_v the_o same_o phaenomena_n as_o before_o but_o some_o of_o the_o matter_n which_o before_o break_v out_o in_o flash_n sometime_o rise_v only_o in_o the_o form_n of_o smoke_n of_o a_o rank_a smell_n and_o though_o the_o quantity_n of_o this_o matter_n be_v small_a yet_o it_o afford_v flash_n plentiful_o for_o a_o hour_n not_o what_o liquor_n it_o will_v be_v dissolve_v in_o and_o what_o not_o it_o will_v not_o dissolve_v in_o cold_a water_n though_o the_o water_n will_v be_v thereby_o impregnate_v so_o crocus_n metallorum_fw-la impregnates_fw-la wine_n or_o water_n without_o have_v its_o bulk_n diminish_v it_o ferment_v not_o with_o spirit_n of_o sal-armon_a nor_o do_v it_o lose_v its_o luminous_a virtue_n but_o will_v shine_v when_o expose_v to_o the_o air_n again_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n when_o cold_a will_v not_o dissolve_v it_o but_o when_o hot_a will_v melt_v it_o and_o it_o will_v lie_v at_o the_o bottom_n of_o so_o heavy_a a_o liquor_n aqu._n fortis_fw-la have_v not_o visible_a effect_n on_o it_o nor_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n when_o cold_a but_o the_o latter_a be_v hot_a it_o whole_o vanish_v in_o a_o night_n time_n without_o make_v any_o alteration_n in_o the_o oil_n be_v put_v into_o oil_n of_o clove_n and_o melt_v by_o a_o fire_n when_o it_o be_v cool_v and_o the_o vial_n unstop_v it_o yield_v not_o only_o a_o light_n that_o be_v render_v more_o acceptable_a to_o the_o stander-by_n by_o its_o grateful_a smell_n and_o the_o like_v succeed_v with_o oil_n of_o clove_n in_o which_o liquor_n when_o impregnate_v with_o the_o noctiluca_n it_o be_v observable_a that_o the_o vial_n be_v open_v in_o a_o dark_a place_n it_o will_v yield_v a_o flash_n of_o flame_n very_o vivid_v which_o will_v last_v a_o minute_n and_o sometime_o if_o a_o candle_n be_v in_o the_o room_n the_o shine_a fluid_n will_v appear_v of_o a_o pleasant_a blueish_a colour_n and_o another_o thing_n observable_a be_v that_o the_o light_n will_v vanish_v whilst_o store_n of_o white_a fume_n remain_v upon_o the_o liquor_n as_o if_o the_o light_n chief_o depend_v on_o the_o fine_a and_o pure_a part._n in_o oil_n of_o mace_n it_o do_v not_o appear_v luminous_a nor_o in_o oil_n of_o aniseed_n this_o noctiluca_n continue_v in_o spirit_n of_o wine_n a_o considerable_a time_n undiminish_a 6._o this_o noctiluca_n be_v include_v in_o rectify_v spirit_n of_o wine_n be_v partly_o dissolve_v and_o leave_v some_o earthly_a part_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o liquor_n but_o do_v not_o discolour_v it_o upon_o unstop_v the_o vial_n no_o light_n appear_v but_o be_v drop_v into_o cold_a water_n the_o drop_n be_v kindle_v by_o it_o but_o those_o flash_n immediate_o disappear_v the_o water_n not_o be_v luminous_a which_o phaenomenon_n lest_o it_o shall_v be_v think_v to_o be_v a_o effect_n of_o antiperistasis_n i_o drop_v the_o impregnated_a spirit_n upon_o hot_a water_n and_o find_v that_o the_o same_o phaenomenon_n succeed_v and_o this_o noctiluca_n diffuse_v its_o virtue_n so_o far_o that_o one_o grain_n impregnate_v a_o thousand_o of_o spirit_n of_o wine_n as_o for_o the_o reason_n why_o these_o flash_n so_o sudden_o disappear_v it_o may_v proceed_v from_o a_o sudden_a dispersion_n of_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o spirit_n through_o the_o water_n and_o the_o avolition_n of_o the_o luciferous_a matter_n so_o camphire_n dissolve_v in_o spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o drop_v upon_o cold_a water_n be_v leave_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o it_o the_o spirit_n be_v immediate_o disperse_v through_o the_o liquor_n experiment_n discover_v a_o strange_a subtlety_n of_o part_n in_o the_o glacial_n noctiluca_n have_v dissolve_v a_o grain_n of_o our_o noctiluca_n in_o a_o drachm_n of_o spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o add_v gradual_o fifty_o time_n its_o weight_n of_o water_n the_o noctiluca_n render_v the_o whole_a light_n when_o shake_v in_o the_o dark_a so_o that_o one_o grain_n render_v 100000_o time_n its_o weight_n of_o liquor_n luminous_a and_o what_o be_v more_o strange_a be_v that_o not_o only_o the_o steam_n appear_v luminous_a but_o the_o light_n seem_v in_o some_o measure_n diffuse_v through_o the_o whole_a water_n which_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o believe_v proceed_v from_o the_o exhalation_n which_o shine_v through_o that_o diaphanous_a water_n though_o when_o the_o glass_n be_v shake_v the_o whole_a mass_n appear_v luminous_a and_o the_o experiment_n be_v further_o prosecute_v a_o grain_n of_o the_o noctiluca_n dissolve_v in_o alkohol_n of_o wine_n and_o shake_v in_o water_n it_o render_v 400000_o time_n its_o weight_n luminous_a throughout_o and_o at_o another_o trial_n i_o find_v that_o it_o impregnate_v 500000_o time_n its_o weight_n which_o be_v more_o than_o one_o part_n of_o cochineel_n can_v communicate_v its_o colour_n to_o the_o utmost_a be_v 125000_o part_n of_o water_n in_o which_o experiment_n â
_n of_o the_o noctiluca_n be_v undissolve_v and_o have_v we_o to_o the_o aforementioned_a estimate_n add_v the_o proportion_n of_o the_o illuminate_v ambient_fw-la air_n the_o expansion_n of_o this_o noctiluca_n will_v have_v be_v incomparable_o great_a than_o the_o abovementioned_a number_n denote_v but_o to_o demonstrate_v further_o the_o strange_a subtlety_n of_o our_o noctilucal_n matter_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o three_o grain_n of_o our_o noctiluca_fw-la be_v place_v upon_o a_o flat-bottomed_a glass_n that_o be_v broad_a at_o the_o top_n than_o the_o bottom_n and_o shallow_a that_o the_o matter_n may_v be_v more_o full_o expose_v to_o the_o air_n it_o be_v place_v in_o a_o shelve_v posture_n that_o upon_o its_o resolution_n in_o the_o moist_a air_n it_o may_v present_o run_v down_o and_o not_o hinder_v the_o free_a evaporation_n of_o the_o remain_a matter_n the_o vessel_n be_v thus_o place_v all_o the_o fragment_n about_o ten_o a_o clock_n at_o night_n begin_v to_o shine_v brisk_o and_o continue_v to_o do_v so_o till_o reduce_v to_o very_o small_a part_n so_o
have_v say_v i_o shall_v add_v that_o i_o have_v not_o only_o see_v a_o fly_n in_o shape_n and_o size_n much_o like_o a_o grass-hopper_n enclose_v in_o solid_a amber_n but_o various_o and_o curious_o colour_v with_o his_o wing_n display_v and_o i_o have_v see_v white_a amethist_n in_o which_o there_o appear_v to_o be_v several_a line_n some_o of_o a_o brownish_a and_o some_o of_o a_o red_a colour_n which_o look_v like_o hair_n some_o lie_a parallel_n to_o each_o other_o and_o other_o more_o incline_v and_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o believe_v that_o even_o diamond_n be_v not_o void_a of_o particle_n of_o heterogeneous_a matter_n which_o be_v countenance_v not_o only_o by_o odd_a cloud_n which_o i_o have_v see_v in_o a_o great_a many_o of_o they_o but_o the_o different_a specific_a gravity_n of_o those_o of_o the_o same_o water_n the_o difference_n amount_v to_o a_o carrot_fw-la betwixt_o diamond_n of_o the_o size_n of_o two_o ordinary_a pease_n but_o beside_o what_o have_v be_v already_o 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that_o they_o be_v not_o the_o heavy_a as_o may_v be_v hydrostatical_o discover_v but_o perhaps_o against_o what_o we_o have_v say_v it_o may_v be_v urge_v first_o that_o the_o figure_n of_o these_o crystal_n be_v so_o curious_a that_o a_o plastic_a or_o seminal_a power_n seem_v requisite_a to_o the_o form_n of_o they_o which_o be_v it_o requisite_a it_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o that_o plastic_a power_n may_v be_v lodge_v in_o fluid_a as_o well_o as_o solid_a substance_n since_o the_o solid_a part_n of_o animal_n body_n as_o well_o as_o plant_n be_v form_v of_o liquid_a substance_n but_o that_o the_o figure_n of_o these_o crystal_n may_v be_v owe_v to_o a_o apt_a convension_n and_o coalition_n of_o fluid_a particle_n may_v be_v argue_v hence_o viz._n since_o common_a salt_n by_o the_o help_n of_o oil_n of_o sulphur_n or_o of_o vitriol_n and_o water_n will_v shoot_v into_o crystal_n with_o point_n like_o diamond_n and_o not_o unlike_o native_a crystal_n in_o shape_n and_o 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rhomhus_n or_o lozenge_n compose_v of_o a_o multitude_n of_o flat_a and_o extreme_o thin_a plate_n but_o have_v imitate_v such_o by_o art_n and_o i_o have_v observe_v that_o though_o general_o crystal_n of_o silver_n form_n flake_n seem_o simple_a like_o scale_n of_o fish_n yet_o when_o they_o have_v shoot_v leisurely_o they_o be_v geometrical_o enough_o shape_v and_o make_v up_o of_o thin_a flake_n stick_v one_o to_o another_o and_o tin-glass_n which_o natural_o consist_v of_o a_o multitude_n of_o shine_v and_o polish_a flake_n will_n though_o beat_v to_o powder_n and_o melt_v upon_o its_o refrigeration_n form_n several_a broad_a and_o shine_a flake_n which_o lie_v one_o upon_o another_o across_o each_o other_o at_o various_a angle_n as_o the_o matter_n happen_v in_o several_a portion_n to_o be_v various_o refrigerated_a and_o the_o like_a instance_n may_v be_v observe_v in_o some_o mixture_n of_o copper_n iron_n and_o other_o mineral_n and_o very_o conspicuous_o in_o good_a regulus_n martis_n stellatus_fw-la who_o internal_a structure_n appear_v upon_o break_v of_o it_o to_o be_v make_v up_o of_o shine_a flake_n almost_o of_o a_o specular_a polish_v and_o though_o whilst_o we_o be_v look_v on_o some_o concretes_n the_o stony_a stiriae_fw-la in_o some_o place_n have_v a_o streaky_a and_o in_o other_o a_o angular_a configuration_n yet_o i_o have_v see_v several_a of_o they_o make_v up_o of_o part_n confuse_o jumble_v together_o and_o if_o there_o be_v a_o due_a disposition_n in_o the_o component_n part_n to_o such_o configuration_n they_o may_v be_v bring_v to_o concretes_n in_o a_o far_o short_a time_n than_o any_o one_o will_v expect_v or_o believe_v so_o that_o a_o solution_n of_o silver_n be_v heat_v hot_a and_o remove_v sudden_o into_o cold_a water_n one_o may_v not_o only_o very_o easy_o but_o plain_o see_v the_o silver_n shoot_v with_o one_o naked_a eye_n but_o even_o a_o strong_a solution_n of_o salarmoniack_a or_o some_o urinous_a spirit_n be_v spread_v upon_o the_o outside_n of_o a_o glass_n in_o which_o a_o frigorifick_a mixture_n be_v contain_v will_v in_o less_o than_o a_o minute_n of_o a_o hour_n be_v coagulate_v into_o crystal_n of_o a_o determinate_a figure_n according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o liquor_n that_o afford_v it_o but_o if_o against_o these_o instance_n it_o be_v urge_v that_o though_o they_o be_v take_v from_o saline_a body_n which_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n dispose_v to_o convene_v into_o smooth_a surface_n and_o angular_a shape_n and_o be_v easy_o wrought_v on_o by_o external_n cold_a yet_o it_o may_v seem_v strange_a that_o the_o figure_n of_o a_o mould_n or_o womb_n shall_v alter_v the_o internal_a construction_n of_o solid_a mineral_n and_o gem_n but_o that_o it_o may_v be_v evident_a since_o though_o tin-glass_n consist_v of_o several_a smooth_a and_o bright_a plane_n which_o sometime_o meet_v and_o sometime_o lie_v across_o each_o other_o at_o very_o different_a angle_n yet_o have_v beat_v a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o it_o to_o powder_n and_o when_o it_o be_v melt_v cast_v it_o into_o iron_n mould_v who_o cavity_n be_v each_o a_o inch_n in_o diameter_n it_o form_v a_o bullet_n which_o when_o vary_o break_v seem_v to_o be_v make_v up_o of_o a_o multitude_n of_o shine_a plane_n so_o shape_v and_o place_v that_o they_o wrought_v every_o way_n like_o so_o many_o radius_n of_o a_o sphere_n tend_v from_o a_o centre_n to_o the_o circumference_n so_o that_o they_o seem_v gradual_o to_o decrease_v as_o they_o be_v remove_v further_a and_o further_o from_o the_o circumference_n but_o if_o the_o melt_a tin-glass_n be_v permit_v to_o cool_v in_o a_o crucible_n the_o harden_a matter_n will_v form_v several_a plane_n irregular_o and_o confuse_o associate_v together_o and_o the_o like_a experiment_n be_v try_v with_o regulus_n of_o antimony_n it_o succeed_v though_o not_o so_o uniform_o as_o with_o tin-glass_n
be_v to_o work_v upon_o contribute_v much_o to_o their_o effect_n appear_v from_o the_o effect_n of_o lightning_n for_o i_o have_v see_v two_o tall_a drink_a glass_n so_o alter_v in_o their_o shape_n by_o the_o influence_n of_o lightning_n that_o the_o one_o be_v a_o little_a widen_v near_o the_o bottom_n and_o the_o other_o so_o far_o bend_v that_o it_o stand_v awry_o the_o beam_n of_o lightning_n be_v able_a in_o the_o twinkle_n of_o a_o eye_n to_o melt_v glass_n though_o in_o glass_n furnace_n the_o fire_n be_v sometime_o before_o it_o can_v produce_v that_o effect_n and_o i_o once_o see_v lead_v melt_v by_o lightning_n which_o leave_v the_o glass_n unaffected_a and_o likewise_o other_o combustible_a stuff_n that_o be_v near_o it_o and_o though_o it_o leave_v these_o thing_n untouched_a yet_o it_o throw_v down_o part_n of_o a_o wall_n belong_v to_o the_o house_n by_o pass_v through_o it_o and_o it_o be_v a_o common_a observation_n that_o thunder_n either_o by_o give_v a_o determinate_a concussion_n to_o the_o air_n or_o transmit_v some_o effluvia_fw-la turn_v beer_n sour_a but_o have_v seal_v some_o up_o in_o glass_n hermetical_o the_o thunder_n be_v not_o able_a to_o affect_v the_o liquor_n contain_v in_o they_o and_o it_o be_v a_o common_a practice_n to_o prevent_v beer_n from_o sour_v upon_o storm_n of_o thunder_n to_o place_v chafing-dish_n of_o coal_n under_o the_o barrel_n the_o sulphureous_a steam_n be_v by_o that_o mean_n so_o alter_v as_o either_o not_o to_o be_v able_a to_o penetrate_v the_o barrel_n or_o not_o able_a to_o alter_v the_o liquor_n another_o way_n by_o which_o considerable_a effect_n be_v cause_v by_o effluvia_fw-la be_v by_o exciting_a such_o a_o motion_n in_o the_o body_n they_o work_v upon_o as_o to_o make_v one_o part_n of_o it_o act_n upon_o another_o instance_n of_o which_o may_v be_v bring_v from_o inanimate_a body_n as_o well_o as_o live_a one_o since_o some_o vigorous_a lodestone_n destroy_v the_o attractive_a virtue_n of_o a_o excite_v needle_n in_o a_o trice_n or_o give_v it_o a_o virticity_n quite_o contrary_a to_o the_o former_a without_o touch_v it_o and_o these_o magnetical_a emission_n which_o must_v needs_o be_v very_a minute_n since_o they_o be_v subtle_a enough_o to_o penetrate_v glass_n be_v able_a to_o take_v up_o a_o considerable_a weight_n of_o iron_n so_o that_o i_o have_v see_v a_o light_n one_o which_o will_v take_v up_o eighty_o time_n its_o weight_n but_o the_o chief_a instance_n i_o shall_v now_o insist_v on_o be_v those_o wrought_v upon_o animal_n for_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o our_o organ_n of_o smell_a be_v chief_o affect_v by_o such_o minute_n particle_n of_o matter_n as_o the_o fine_a odour_n consist_v of_o nor_o do_v they_o always_o affect_v we_o as_o odour_n since_o violent_a smell_n whether_o stink_a or_o sweet_a be_v able_a to_o cause_n very_o troublesome_a headache_n and_o the_o smell_n of_o a_o very_a please_a perfume_n may_v produce_v in_o a_o humane_a body_n which_o before_o be_v well_o and_o strong_a both_o faintness_n swoon_v loss_n of_o sensible_a respiration_n intumescence_n of_o the_o abdomen_fw-la seem_v epilepsy_n convulsive_a motion_n of_o the_o limb_n etc._n etc._n and_o i_o have_v a_o salarmoniack_a which_o will_v in_o a_o little_a time_n remove_v hysterick_n fit_v and_o recover_v people_n who_o by_o the_o bystander_n be_v judge_v to_o fall_v down_o in_o epileptical_a fit_n which_o sudden_a effect_n seem_v to_o depend_v on_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o genus_fw-la nervosum_fw-la but_o beside_o these_o effect_n of_o odorous_a body_n upon_o woman_n i_o know_v a_o man_n of_o a_o strong_a body_n and_o a_o sanguine_a constitution_n who_o will_v be_v put_v into_o a_o violent_a headache_n by_o the_o smell_n of_o musk_n and_o another_o to_o who_o the_o smell_n of_o rose_n be_v as_o offensive_a and_o i_o know_v a_o lady_n who_o will_v present_o swoon_v at_o the_o smell_n of_o rose_n if_o they_o be_v not_o speedy_o remove_v and_o as_o these_o slight_a smell_n have_v prove_v offensive_a so_o it_o be_v not_o much_o less_o considerable_a that_o the_o smell_n of_o salarmoniack_a cure_v the_o headache_n beside_o the_o aforementioned_a effect_n of_o effluvia_fw-la it_o be_v observe_v that_o woman_n have_v miscarry_v upon_o the_o stink_n of_o a_o candle_n careless_o extinguish_v and_o i_o not_o only_o know_v a_o gentleman_n who_o will_v vomit_v upon_o the_o smell_n of_o coffee_n but_o a_o physician_n who_o will_v vomit_v and_o purge_v if_o he_o do_v but_o smell_n at_o electuarium_fw-la lenitivum_fw-la and_o i_o know_v another_o who_o the_o smell_n of_o the_o grease_n which_o be_v about_o the_o wheel_n of_o a_o hackney-coach_n will_v make_v sick_a and_o cause_n to_o vomit_v if_o it_o do_v but_o pass_v by_o he_o and_o not_o only_a smoke_n be_v offensive_a to_o the_o eye_n and_o lung_n but_o the_o invisible_a steam_n of_o salarmoniack_a and_o beside_o the_o aforementioned_a instance_n of_o the_o effect_n of_o effluvia_fw-la upon_o the_o genus_fw-la nervosum_fw-la i_o shall_v add_v one_o of_o their_o effect_n on_o the_o humour_n for_o i_o know_v a_o apothecary_n who_o upon_o the_o smell_n of_o rose_n have_v such_o a_o colliquation_n of_o humour_n in_o his_o head_n that_o they_o set_v he_o a_o cough_n make_v he_o run_v at_o the_o nose_n and_o give_v he_o a_o sore_a throat_n and_o also_o by_o a_o affluence_n of_o humour_n make_v his_o eye_n sore_o and_o as_o effluvia_fw-la may_v be_v enable_v to_o perform_v several_a thing_n on_o the_o account_n of_o the_o structure_n of_o particular_a body_n so_o they_o may_v effect_v several_a thing_n by_o virtue_n of_o the_o fabric_n and_o law_n of_o the_o universe_n for_o body_n by_o effluvia_fw-la may_v be_v render_v fit_a to_o be_v wrought_v on_o by_o light_a magnet_n the_o atmosphere_n gravity_n or_o some_o other_o catholic_n agent_n of_o the_o universe_n and_o to_o what_o instance_n have_v already_o be_v give_v of_o body_n work_v upon_o other_o place_v at_o a_o distance_n i_o may_v add_v the_o effect_n of_o contiguous_a body_n as_o bloodstone_n cornelian_o nephritick_n son_n lapis_fw-la malacensis_fw-la and_o some_o annulet_n and_o other_o solid_a substance_n external_o apply_v by_o physician_n as_o cantharides_n etc._n etc._n chap._n vi_o of_o the_o determinate_a nature_n of_o effluvium_n effluvium_n of_o the_o determinate_a nature_n of_o effluvium_n though_o aristotle_n and_o his_o follower_n have_v only_o distinguish_v the_o exhalation_n of_o this_o globe_n into_o those_o which_o he_o call_v fume_n and_o which_o rise_v from_o the_o earth_n he_o term_v hot_a and_o dry_a and_o those_o vapour_n which_o rise_v from_o the_o water_n which_o he_o call_v hot_a and_o moist_a in_o these_o word_n ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d yet_o beside_o these_o slight_a difference_n since_o the_o earth_n contain_v several_a body_n which_o have_v each_o of_o they_o distinct_a atmosphere_n we_o may_v probable_o conceive_v they_o to_o have_v their_o distinct_a and_o determinate_a nature_n and_o even_o in_o fluid_a body_n heterogeneous_a part_n may_v swim_v which_o notwithstanding_o their_o fluidity_n may_v retain_v their_o determinate_a nature_n since_o rock-allom_n and_o salt-petre_n be_v dissolve_v together_o in_o water_n upon_o a_o gentle_a evaporation_n will_v each_o of_o they_o shoot_v into_o crystal_n of_o their_o respective_a and_o determinate_a nature_n and_o that_o effluvia_fw-la retain_v their_o determinate_a nature_n though_o so_o small_a as_o to_o swim_v in_o the_o air_n or_o water_n appear_v since_o upon_o their_o reunion_n they_o be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n with_o the_o body_n that_o emit_v they_o as_o water_n raise_v in_o vapour_n condense_n again_o into_o drop_n of_o water_n and_o quicksilver_n in_o distillation_n if_o it_o be_v raise_v with_o a_o convenient_a fire_n will_v almost_o all_o be_v find_v in_o the_o receiver_n in_o the_o form_n of_o run_v mercury_n and_o if_o when_o chemist_n be_v either_o make_v a_o amalgama_n or_o force_v the_o mercury_n away_o from_o it_o by_o the_o fire_n they_o hold_v a_o piece_n of_o gold_n in_o their_o mouth_n it_o will_v be_v white_a as_o if_o it_o be_v silver_v over_o and_o not_o only_a sulphur_n but_o camphire_n sublime_v in_o close_a vessel_n unite_v into_o a_o substance_n of_o the_o same_o nature_n as_o the_o other_o and_o though_o a_o body_n be_v compound_v of_o a_o metal_n and_o another_o mineral_n and_o two_o or_o three_o salt_n yet_o upon_o the_o purification_n of_o the_o mixture_n from_o its_o grosser_n part_n if_o the_o remain_a and_o fine_a part_n be_v minute_n enough_o and_o fine_o shape_v the_o whole_o liquor_n will_v ascend_v and_o yet_o in_o the_o receiver_n altogether_o recover_v its_o pristine_a form_n of_o a_o transparent_a fluid_fw-la compose_v of_o differ_v saline_n and_o mineral_n part_n which_o be_v evident_a in_o the_o distillation_n of_o butter_n or_o oil_n of_o antimony_n very_o well_o rectify_v for_o this_o liquor_n
part_n without_o alter_v the_o blood_n yet_o when_o once_o it_o have_v cause_v a_o change_n in_o it_o the_o blood_n itself_o as_o it_o successive_o circulate_v through_o that_o part_n may_v in_o some_o measure_n act_n specifical_o upon_o it_o and_o though_o a_o medicine_n may_v communicate_v to_o the_o blood_n particle_n of_o matter_n so_o modify_v that_o they_o may_v not_o immediate_o relieve_v the_o part_n by_o either_o strengthen_n it_o or_o cause_v the_o distemper_a matter_n to_o be_v carry_v off_o by_o a_o gentle_a irritation_n yet_o it_o may_v do_v it_o by_o both_o these_o way_n as_o when_o rhubarb_n be_v take_v it_o not_o only_o purge_v the_o liver_n of_o choler_n but_o strengthen_v the_o tone_n of_o the_o part_n by_o its_o astringency_n and_o osteocalla_n be_v observe_v to_o be_v a_o specific_a by_o promote_a the_o generation_n of_o a_o callus_fw-la to_o cement_v break_a bone_n prop._n v._o sometime_o a_o specific_a medicine_n may_v act_v v._n prop._n v._n by_o produce_v in_o the_o mass_n of_o blood_n such_o a_o disposition_n as_o may_v enable_v nature_n by_o correct_v expel_v or_o other_o fit_a way_n to_o surmount_v the_o morbific_a matter_n or_o other_o cause_n of_o the_o disease_n and_o this_o be_v agreeable_a enough_o with_o what_o most_o modern_n hold_v viz._n that_o distemper_n chief_o depend_v upon_o the_o temper_n and_o ill_a constitution_n of_o the_o humour_n and_o a_o change_n in_o the_o humour_n may_v be_v effect_v by_o furnish_v the_o blood_n with_o some_o sort_n of_o active_a corpuscle_n which_o may_v agitate_v and_o ferment_n it_o and_o to_o quicken_v the_o circulation_n of_o the_o blood_n upon_o which_o occasion_n it_o may_v be_v necessary_a to_o advertise_v that_o the_o medicine_n usual_o make_v use_n of_o for_o that_o purpose_n be_v very_o hot_a there_o be_v several_a constitution_n of_o patient_n and_o several_a other_o circucumstance_n upon_o which_o account_n they_o do_v more_o harm_n by_o their_o heat_n than_o good_a by_o their_o spirituousness_n beside_o the_o sluggishness_n and_o want_n of_o fermentation_n in_o the_o blood_n may_v proceed_v from_o cause_n which_o this_o sort_n of_o medicine_n will_v not_o correct_v for_o i_o have_v try_v that_o a_o vinous_a spirit_n will_v not_o dissolve_v blood_n which_o be_v a_o little_a dry_a nor_o draw_v a_o tincture_n from_o it_o though_o a_o urinous_a spirit_n present_o do_v so_o that_o a_o specific_a medicine_n in_o such_o a_o case_n may_v perform_v what_o be_v intend_v without_o the_o inconvenience_n which_o other_o medicine_n be_v liable_a to_o for_o we_o know_v that_o experience_a physician_n call_v some_o medicine_n cold_a cordial_n as_o sorrel_n which_o have_v a_o acid_n taste_n and_o it_o be_v possible_a sometime_o those_o humour_n which_o make_v the_o blood_n sluggish_a may_v not_o be_v of_o a_o cold_a but_o a_o hot_a nature_n in_o which_o case_n hot_a remedy_n may_v rather_o increase_v than_o diminish_v their_o ill_a effect_n as_o if_o the_o white_a of_o a_o egg_n be_v reduce_v to_o water_n by_o beat_v spirit_n of_o wine_n will_v instead_o of_o diminish_v increase_v its_o viscidity_n and_o i_o once_o prepare_v a_o vegetable_a substance_n which_o upon_o a_o addition_n of_o wine_n become_v much_o more_o viscous_a than_o before_o but_o to_o proceed_v a_o specific_a medicine_n may_v alter_v the_o mass_n of_o blood_n by_o contribute_v to_o its_o tenacity_n without_o respect_n to_o its_o fermentation_n for_o if_o the_o blood_n be_v too_o thick_a it_o can_v ready_o pass_v through_o the_o small_a capillary_a vessel_n by_o which_o circulation_n be_v in_o a_o great_a mean_n retard_v as_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n if_o it_o be_v too_o thin_a it_o get_v out_o of_o the_o capillary_a vessel_n and_o first_o stagnate_v and_o then_o putrify_v but_o these_o ill_a consequence_n may_v be_v prevent_v by_o such_o medicine_n as_o either_o on_o the_o one_o hand_n divide_v the_o part_n of_o the_o blood_n and_o make_v they_o more_o minute_n or_o on_o the_o other_o such_o as_o associate_v they_o and_o stick_v they_o together_o another_o way_n by_o which_o a_o specific_a medicine_n may_v rectify_v the_o state_n of_o the_o blood_n be_v by_o work_v so_o upon_o the_o heart_n as_o to_o make_v it_o transmit_v blood_n more_o advantageous_o and_o that_o either_o by_o corroborate_n its_o fibre_n or_o dissolve_v some_o ill_a distemper_a matter_n that_o obstruct_v the_o contraction_n of_o it_o and_o that_o a_o small_a alteration_n in_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o heart_n may_v do_v much_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o circulation_n of_o the_o blood_n will_v be_v easy_o grant_v by_o any_o one_o that_o do_v but_o consider_v what_o insensible_a agent_n actuate_v it_o and_o that_o the_o almost_o insensible_a obstruction_n of_o circulation_n produce_v considerable_a effect_n in_o the_o body_n be_v evident_a from_o the_o effect_n of_o sorrow_n which_o present_o put_v the_o whole_a body_n out_o of_o order_n and_o also_o from_o the_o effect_n of_o joy_n or_o shame_n both_o of_o which_o promote_v the_o circulation_n of_o the_o blood_n and_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v that_o joy_n have_v have_v so_o sudden_a and_o considerable_a a_o effect_n as_o to_o take_v off_o the_o sharpness_n of_o hunger_n and_o that_o medicine_n may_v affect_v the_o heart_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n i_o be_o incline_v to_o believe_v especial_o since_o i_o know_v a_o lady_n who_o be_v so_o affect_v upon_o the_o smell_n of_o perfume_a glove_n that_o the_o blood_n fly_v into_o her_o face_n and_o put_v such_o a_o colour_n into_o it_o as_o if_o she_o have_v blush_v and_o if_o the_o state_n of_o the_o blood_n may_v be_v thus_o alter_v it_o may_v much_o contribute_v to_o the_o removal_n of_o some_o very_a troublesome_a distemper_n induce_v for_o want_n of_o a_o due_a circulation_n of_o the_o blood_n prop._n vi_o sometime_o a_o specific_a remedy_n may_v unite_v with_o the_o peccant_a matter_n and_o compose_v a_o quid_fw-la nutrum_fw-la which_o may_v be_v less_o offensive_a to_o nature_n though_o not_o so_o easy_o expel_v and_o this_o seem_v to_o i_o to_o be_v the_o most_o genuine_a effect_n of_o a_o specific_a medicine_n and_o when_o peccant_a acid_n be_v lodge_v in_o the_o spleen_n or_o any_o other_o part_n less_o sapid_a alkaly_n may_v unite_v with_o they_o without_o create_v any_o manifest_a disturbance_n and_o form_n a_o harmless_a liquor_n as_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la by_o be_v digest_v and_o distil_v with_o a_o very_a ardent_a spirit_n lose_v its_o corrosive_a acidity_n and_o ill_a scent_n and_o become_v a_o harmless_a sweet_a and_o fragrant_a liquor_n and_o i_o know_v one_o who_o relieve_v a_o nephritick_n patient_n with_o the_o use_n of_o inflammable_a spirit_n and_o i_o have_v elsewhere_o show_v that_o spirit_n of_o wine_n act_v not_o upon_o all_o acid_v uniform_o but_o various_o according_a to_o the_o nature_n and_o proportion_n of_o the_o acid._n and_o spirit_n of_o wine_n mix_v with_o rectify_a spirit_n of_o urine_n will_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n take_v off_o the_o corrode_a quality_n of_o it_o and_o compose_v a_o salt_n which_o be_v weak_a than_o the_o spirit_n and_o be_v sublime_v or_o reduce_v to_o a_o liquor_n become_v a_o good_a medicine_n and_o with_o a_o little_a skill_n will_v make_v a_o very_a good_a menstruum_fw-la in_o several_a chemical_a experiment_n a_o few_o grain_n of_o glass_n of_o antimony_n take_v inward_o will_v both_o vomit_n and_o purge_v but_o if_o instead_o of_o spirit_n of_o wine_n we_o make_v use_v of_o that_o of_o vinegar_n and_o when_o by_o digestion_n the_o liquor_n be_v sufficient_o impregnate_v it_o be_v abstract_v antimonial_a and_o acetous_a corpuscle_n will_v emerge_n several_a grain_n of_o which_o may_v be_v take_v without_o either_o vomit_v or_o purge_v from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o all_o corrector_n be_v not_o to_o be_v esteem_v alkaly_n since_o acid_n themselves_o prove_v to_o be_v corrector_n too_o and_o after_o a_o like_a manner_n not_o improbable_o the_o poison_n of_o animal_n and_o other_o may_v be_v subdue_v and_o it_o be_v not_o improbable_a that_o by_o a_o combination_n of_o a_o distemper_a humour_n with_o a_o medicine_n a_o salutiferous_a liquor_n may_v be_v form_v and_o though_o sometime_o a_o medicine_n be_v alter_v before_o it_o come_v to_o the_o part_n affect_v yet_o that_o alteration_n may_v render_v it_o medicinal_a a_o instance_n of_o the_o former_a we_o have_v in_o the_o preparation_n of_o mercurius_n dulcis_fw-la where_o by_o unite_n poison_n with_o quicksilver_n a_o efficacious_a medicine_n be_v make_v and_o a_o illustration_n of_o the_o latter_a may_v be_v bring_v from_o that_o odour_n which_o it_o give_v to_o the_o urine_n of_o the_o person_n who_o take_v it_o different_z from_o any_o smell_n it_o have_v of_o itself_o before_o and_o though_o against_o what_o have_v be_v be_v say_v for_o specific_a medicine_n some_o may_v offer_v that_o there_o be_v some_o which_o be_v only_o
the_o more_o their_o fluidity_n be_v increase_v body_n a_o fluid_n may_v be_v obtain_v from_o a_o consistent_a body_n and_o here_o it_o may_v not_o be_v unseasonable_a to_o inquire_v how_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o a_o transparent_a liquor_n shall_v be_v draw_v from_o such_o brittle_a body_n as_o common_a salt_n i_o know_v it_o be_v usual_o allege_v that_o the_o fire_n only_o separate_v the_o moist_a from_o the_o dry_a part_n but_o since_o body_n already_o calcine_v or_o melt_v must_v needs_o by_o the_o action_n of_o the_o fire_n have_v their_o moist_a part_n likewise_o so_o separate_v it_o be_v rather_o probable_a that_o the_o fire_n only_o divide_v their_o part_n and_o put_v they_o into_o a_o violent_a agitation_n by_o which_o they_o be_v raise_v in_o the_o form_n of_o vapour_n which_o fall_v into_o the_o receiver_n condense_a into_o a_o fluid_a who_o part_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o shape_n and_o size_n be_v apt_a for_o motion_n continue_v to_o move_v up_o and_o down_o and_o so_o preserve_v that_o body_n in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o fluid_a the_o motion_n of_o the_o air_n or_o of_o some_o interpose_a body_n concur_v to_o preserve_v the_o part_n of_o that_o in_o motion_n likewise_o and_o that_o the_o air_n abound_v with_o part_n perpetual_o in_o a_o various_a motion_n will_v appear_v by_o and_o by_o other_o some_o body_n more_o easy_o preserve_v fluid_a than_o other_o but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n that_o a_o much_o great_a degree_n of_o motion_n be_v requisite_a to_o preserve_v some_o body_n in_o a_o fluid_a form_n than_o other_o be_v plain_a since_o several_a body_n will_v be_v freeze_v with_o one_o degree_n of_o cold_a with_o which_o other_o will_v not_o and_o though_o the_o watery_a part_n of_o wine_n in_o some_o country_n will_v freeze_v yet_o the_o spirituous_a corpuscle_n of_o the_o same_o liquor_n remain_v untouched_a and_o though_o it_o be_v evident_a by_o the_o help_n of_o good_a weather-glass_n that_o cold_a condense_n the_o air_n yet_o it_o be_v never_o so_o far_o condense_v as_o to_o become_v ice_n because_o the_o perpetual_a motion_n concur_v with_o the_o minuteness_n and_o shape_n of_o its_o part_n they_o be_v always_o in_o a_o agitation_n requisite_a to_o keep_v it_o in_o that_o form_n and_o it_o be_v not_o improbable_a but_o that_o the_o part_n of_o salt_n be_v very_a minute_n since_o from_o experiment_n before_o mention_v it_o appear_v that_o spirit_n of_o salt_n and_o urine_n will_v unite_v into_o a_o salarmoniack_a and_o it_o be_v further_o confirm_v since_o common-salt_n mix_v with_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la will_v dissolve_v gold_n as_o well_o as_o spirit_n of_o salt_n join_v with_o the_o latter_a and_o though_o crude_a nitre_n itself_o be_v mix_v with_o spirit_n of_o salt_n the_o result_a mixture_n will_v supply_v the_o place_n of_o a_o aqua_fw-la regis_fw-la and_o i_o be_o inform_v that_o that_o a_o chemist_n in_o holland_n draw_v no_o less_o than_o fourteen_o ounce_n of_o spirit_n from_o a_o pound_n of_o salt_n a_o whitish_a clay_n be_v make_v use_n of_o instead_o of_o the_o common_a caput_n mortuum_n and_o that_o when_o he_o have_v dephlegm_v the_o spirit_n twelve_o ounce_n remain_v very_o high_o rectify_v which_o may_v be_v something_o in_o favour_n of_o beguinus_n who_o pretend_v to_o have_v get_v a_o pound_n of_o spirit_n from_o a_o pound_n of_o salt_n but_o it_o may_v be_v a_o question_n whether_o the_o fluidity_n of_o these_o body_n may_v not_o in_o part_n proceed_v from_o the_o action_n of_o the_o fire_n work_v upon_o some_o part_n of_o the_o concrete_a since_o a_o phlegm_n or_o water_n may_v be_v obtain_v from_o rectify_v spirit_n so_o as_o to_o change_v part_n of_o it_o into_o a_o moist_a body_n like_o water_n and_o this_o will_v rather_o be_v think_v probable_a if_o we_o consider_v and_o believe_v what_o the_o famous_a helmont_n say_v viz._n that_o he_o can_v reduce_v oil_n and_o salt_n into_o insipid_a water_n fluidity_n the_o figure_n of_o the_o part_n of_o body_n as_o well_o as_o their_o size_n contribute_v to_o tseir_v fluidity_n without_o the_o help_n of_o that_o noble_a alkahest_n which_o will_v render_v gross_a body_n whole_o liquid_a and_o here_o it_o be_v requisite_a to_o add_v that_o it_o be_v not_o only_o the_o size_n of_o the_o part_n of_o body_n that_o endue_v they_o with_o a_o disposition_n to_o fluidity_n but_o also_o their_o shape_v and_o i_o be_o the_o more_o confirm_v in_o this_o opinion_n because_o have_v distil_v oil_n of_o olive_n in_o a_o glass-retort_n per_fw-la se_fw-la near_o a_o three_o part_n of_o it_o be_v coagulate_v in_o the_o receiver_n into_o a_o whitish_a substance_n not_o very_o much_o unlike_o butter_n where_o the_o distil_a substance_n which_o usual_o be_v fluid_a though_o draw_v from_o solid_a concretes_n be_v on_o the_o contrary_a in_o this_o experiment_n a_o consistent_a one_o yield_v by_o a_o liquid_a for_o which_o no_o other_o reason_n can_v be_v give_v but_o that_o the_o shape_n of_o the_o liquid_a part_n be_v so_o alter_v as_o to_o become_v unfit_a for_o motion_n but_o to_o return_v to_o the_o reason_n of_o fluidity_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o in_o pour_v of_o sand_n corn_n flower_n apple_n walnut_n etc._n etc._n out_o of_o a_o sack_n that_o that_o aggregate_v of_o body_n who_o part_n be_v the_o least_o appear_v most_o like_a liquid_n and_o it_o be_v common_o observe_v that_o whites_n of_o egg_n by_o be_v beat_v with_o a_o whisk_n present_o lose_v their_o clamminess_n and_o viscidity_n and_o be_v reduce_v to_o a_o thin_a and_o fluid_a substance_n their_o part_n be_v break_v asunder_o and_o more_o minutely_o divide_v and_o i_o have_v observe_v that_o that_o jelly_n which_o be_v by_o the_o vulgar_a thought_n to_o fall_v from_o a_o star_n by_o be_v a_o long_a time_n digest_v in_o a_o well-stopped_a glass_n become_v a_o permanent_a liquor_n again_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o when_o silver_n be_v to_o be_v cast_v in_o mould_v and_o to_o receive_v the_o curious_a and_o fine_a impression_n of_o hair-line_n the_o metal_n be_v not_o only_o to_o be_v pour_v in_o very_o hot_a but_o to_o be_v keep_v a_o considerable_a time_n in_o fusion_n before_o it_o be_v thin_a enough_o to_o run_v into_o those_o line_n and_o to_o take_v exact_a impression_n of_o they_o from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o body_n already_o fluid_a may_v become_v more_o fluid_a and_o the_o like_a instance_n may_v be_v bring_v from_o other_o body_n as_o turpentine_n oil_n etc._n etc._n and_o if_o what_o helinont_a assert_n of_o the_o liquor_n alkahest_n be_v true_a viz._n that_o it_o will_v turn_v all_o substance_n whether_o mineral_n metal_n plant_n or_o animal_n into_o a_o fluid_a substance_n of_o a_o equal_a weight_n with_o each_o other_o than_o it_o follow_v that_o to_o divide_v a_o body_n into_o part_n small_a enough_o be_v enough_o to_o make_v it_o fluid_a and_o to_o this_o i_o must_v add_v that_o considerable_a change_n may_v be_v effect_v mere_o by_o a_o long_a digestion_n in_o vessel_n well_o stop_v and_o place_v in_o a_o convenient_a heat_n 2._o the_o second_o requisite_a to_o constitute_v a_o fluid_a body_n be_v that_o it_o shall_v have_v considerable_a vacuity_n or_o pore_n betwixt_o the_o part_n of_o it_o fluidity_n porousness_n in_o body_n requisite_a to_o their_o fluidity_n for_o if_o there_o be_v no_o such_o space_n the_o part_n be_v put_v into_o motion_n will_v not_o have_v space_n to_o continue_v it_o in_o nor_o can_v one_o particle_n by_o the_o impulse_n of_o another_o be_v force_v to_o give_v way_n but_o before_o i_o proceed_v it_o will_v be_v requisite_a here_o to_o note_n that_o by_o space_n i_o will_v not_o be_v think_v to_o mean_a vacuity_n proper_o so_o call_v but_o that_o there_o be_v no_o such_o substance_n betwixt_o they_o which_o will_v obstruct_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o more_o solid_a part_n this_o caution_n be_v premise_v i_o shall_v to_o illustrate_v this_o second_o requisite_a observe_v that_o snow_n which_o be_v of_o a_o open_a and_o slight_a texture_n before_o it_o be_v compress_v may_v soon_o be_v squeeze_v into_o so_o close_a and_o compact_a a_o lump_n as_o to_o resist_v a_o very_a strong_a pressure_n the_o air_n which_o before_o be_v interpose_v betwixt_o the_o part_n of_o it_o be_v press_v out_o again_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o when_o water_n be_v close_v up_o in_o a_o bladder_n and_o want_v its_o liberty_n to_o move_v in_o a_o yield_n and_o free_a medium_fw-la the_o part_n thus_o confine_v together_o resist_v impression_n like_o a_o solid_a body_n and_o this_o experiment_n i_o the_o rather_o make_v use_n of_o than_o a_o bladder_n distend_v with_o air_n because_o the_o distension_n of_o that_o may_v partly_o be_v attribute_v to_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o include_v air._n fluidity_n how_o such_o vacuity_n contribute_v of_o fluidity_n but_o it_o be_v further_a to_o be_v
observe_v that_o though_o such_o vacuity_n be_v necessary_a to_o constitute_v fluid_a body_n yet_o they_o be_v only_o so_o to_o use_v school-term_n as_o removens_fw-la prohibens_fw-la i._n e._n they_o prevent_v the_o inconvenience_n which_o must_v be_v the_o consequence_n of_o a_o plenitude_n viz._n want_v of_o liberty_n to_o move_v or_o in_o other_o word_n as_o they_o dispose_v the_o part_n of_o a_o body_n to_o yield_v to_o each_o other_o motion_n and_o here_o i_o will_v note_n that_o though_o in_o most_o liquid_a body_n this_o doctrine_n may_v take_v place_n yet_o i_o conceive_v it_o not_o altogether_o absurd_a to_o question_v whether_o matter_n may_v not_o be_v so_o exquisite_o agitate_a and_o divide_v as_o to_o fill_v up_o these_o vacuity_n and_o to_o be_v squeeze_v into_o any_o figure_n as_o occasion_n require_v but_o not_o to_o spend_v time_n in_o examine_v this_o point_n at_o the_o present_a i_o shall_v proceed_v fluidity_n a_o perpetual_a motion_n if_o part_v requisite_a to_o fluidity_n 3._o to_o the_o principal_a and_o last_o requisite_a in_o modify_v a_o fluid_a body_n which_o be_v that_o all_o the_o particle_n of_o a_o fluid_a body_n shall_v be_v separately_z and_o various_o move_v up_o and_o down_o either_o by_o virtue_n of_o some_o subtle_a matter_n diffuse_v through_o their_o substance_n or_o a_o inherent_a quality_n of_o their_o own_o for_o the_o difference_n betwixt_o solid_a and_o fluid_a body_n seem_v to_o consist_v in_o this_o viz._n that_o the_o part_n of_o solid_n be_v at_o rest_n and_o not_o so_o apt_a to_o yield_v to_o the_o pressure_n of_o one_o finger_n as_o the_o part_n of_o liquids_n be_v which_o be_v in_o motion_n since_o the_o latter_a be_v already_o agitate_a to_o and_o fro_o it_o be_v much_o more_o easy_a to_o guide_v that_o motion_n than_o to_o put_v the_o part_n of_o a_o body_n into_o motion_n who_o part_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o motion_n must_v be_v at_o rest_n till_o move_v by_o a_o agent_n powerful_a enough_o to_o put_v 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experiment_n salt-petre_n then_o may_v become_v a_o fluid_a body_n either_o by_o have_v the_o particle_n of_o it_o dissolve_v in_o water_n so_o that_o they_o may_v move_v up_o and_o down_o and_o to_o give_v way_n to_o the_o impression_n of_o a_o external_n agent_n as_o the_o other_o part_n of_o that_o liquid_a do_v or_o it_o may_v put_v on_o a_o liquid_a form_n by_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n in_o a_o moist_a cellar_n where_o by_o run_a per_fw-la deliquium_fw-la the_o salt-petre_n will_v be_v dissolve_v and_o put_v on_o so_o far_o the_o form_n of_o a_o liquid_a as_o to_o have_v all_o its_o part_n in_o a_o agitation_n sufficient_a to_o rank_v it_o among_o fluid_a body_n but_o salt-petre_n may_v put_v on_o a_o liquid_a form_n without_o the_o addition_n of_o a_o liquid_a body_n as_o first_o it_o may_v be_v reduce_v to_o so_o fine_a a_o powder_n as_o to_o resemble_v a_o liquid_a in_o the_o pour_v of_o it_o out_o of_o one_o vessel_n into_o another_o beside_o the_o other_o requisite_n of_o a_o fluid_a body_n viz._n that_o it_o have_v vacuity_n betwixt_o its_o part_n and_o that_o they_o may_v be_v easy_o put_v into_o motion_n only_o they_o differ_v from_o the_o part_n of_o liquid_n in_o some_o respect_n since_o the_o powder_n have_v not_o its_o part_n always_o in_o motion_n beside_o the_o vacuity_n be_v more_o sensible_a but_o notwithstanding_o if_o by_o the_o force_n of_o fire_n each_o of_o these_o part_n be_v again_o subdivide_v those_o insensible_a corpuscle_n be_v violent_o agitate_a make_v up_o a_o fluid_a body_n so_o the_o particle_n of_o metal_n be_v by_o the_o same_o agent_n separate_v and_o put_v into_o motion_n do_v not_o only_o move_v various_o one_o among_o another_o but_o be_v sometime_o toss_v a_o considerable_a height_n into_o the_o air._n and_o not_o only_a fire_n but_o some_o other_o body_n which_o be_v sensible_o cold_a may_v provide_v the_o texture_n and_o motion_n of_o their_o part_n be_v right_o dispose_v reduce_v several_a substance_n to_o a_o liquid_a form_n so_o camphire_n put_v on_o the_o form_n of_o a_o oil_n when_o swim_v upon_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la and_o when_o salt-petre_n be_v by_o the_o action_n of_o fire_n endow_v with_o a_o fluid_a form_n it_o be_v equal_o a_o fluid_a as_o when_o incorporate_v with_o water_n there_o be_v very_o little_a difference_n betwixt_o these_o two_o state_n of_o nitre_n only_o that_o in_o the_o former_a the_o agent_n which_o keep_v the_o nitrous_a part_n in_o motion_n be_v more_o volatile_a and_o brisk_a and_o divide_v it_o into_o small_a part_n without_o make_v a_o addition_n to_o its_o bulk_n but_o perhaps_o it_o will_v be_v a_o scruple_n whether_o the_o powder_n of_o nitre_n be_v a_o imperfect_a fluid_n when_o pour_v out_o or_o rather_o like_o a_o heap_n of_o sand_n not_o reduce_v to_o a_o permanent_a state_n of_o fluidity_n to_o remove_v this_o scruple_n we_o may_v take_v powder_n of_o alabaster_n or_o instead_o of_o it_o plaster_n of_o paris_n and_o we_o shall_v find_v that_o by_o put_v it_o into_o a_o hot_a vessel_n by_o the_o continue_a action_n of_o the_o fire_n the_o part_n of_o that_o powder_n will_v be_v so_o agitate_a and_o by_o the_o assistance_n of_o the_o more_o spirituous_a part_n keep_v in_o motion_n as_o to_o boil_v and_o emit_v steam_n like_o a_o fluid_a body_n and_o altogether_o resemble_v a_o coherent_a substance_n yet_o if_o it_o be_v remove_v from_o the_o fire_n it_o again_o subside_v in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o powder_n though_o for_o once_o again_o it_o will_v assume_v the_o form_n of_o a_o liquid_a if_o expose_v to_o a_o competent_a degree_n of_o fire_n yet_o when_o the_o ebullition_n of_o the_o part_n of_o it_o be_v most_o violent_a if_o a_o small_a portion_n of_o it_o be_v throw_v upon_o a_o piece_n of_o paper_n it_o appear_v to_o be_v nothing_o but_o a_o very_a fine_a powder_n from_o whence_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o fluidity_n depend_v on_o a_o vehement_a and_o various_a agitation_n of_o part_n which_o fluidity_n the_o same_o body_n may_v be_v deprive_v of_o by_o lose_v that_o intestine_a motion_n on_o what_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o part_n of_o fluids_n depend_v on_o and_o thus_o it_o brief_o appear_v how_o much_o motion_n contribute_v to_o the_o fluidity_n of_o body_n and_o here_o though_o it_o will_v be_v very_o desirable_a to_o determine_v what_o be_v the_o essential_a cause_n of_o that_o motion_n yet_o since_o it_o be_v a_o matter_n of_o too_o much_o intricacy_n it_o be_v by_o some_o hold_v to_o be_v inherent_a in_o matter_n and_o by_o other_o to_o be_v promote_v by_o impulse_n i_o shall_v rather_o pass_v it_o by_o than_o enter_v upon_o a_o examination_n of_o those_o two_o point_n especial_o since_o there_o will_v be_v the_o same_o necessity_n of_o discuss_v other_o which_o equal_o relate_v to_o the_o cartesian_a principle_n it_o may_v therefore_o suffice_v in_o short_a that_o neglect_v the_o unintelligible_a doctrine_n of_o substantial_a form_n we_o rather_o ascribe_v it_o to_o those_o catholic_n affection_n of_o matter_n motion_n shape_n and_o situation_n but_o to_o omit_v what_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o deliver_v concern_v these_o catholic_n affection_n of_o matter_n we_o shall_v observe_v what_o this_o experiment_n further_o afford_v we_o we_o be_v therefore_o to_o take_v notice_n that_o there_o be_v a_o difference_n remarkable_a betwixt_o a_o fluid_a and_o a_o body_n which_o have_v a_o quality_n of_o wet_n body_n which_o be_v contiguous_a to_o they_o since_o every_o wet_a body_n be_v fluid_a but_o not_o vice_fw-la versâ_fw-la for_o air_n flame_n melt_v liquor_n or_o salt-petre_n though_o fluid_a be_v all_o void_a of_o a_o wet_n quality_n quality_n humidity_n a_o relative_n quality_n whence_o we_o be_v lead_v to_o consider_v that_o humidity_n be_v but_o a_o relative_n quality_n depend_v on_o the_o congruity_n that_o one_o body_n
liquor_n draw_v off_o be_v not_o equal_a to_o that_o of_o the_o oil_n and_o i_o be_o further_a confirm_v in_o this_o opinion_n because_o i_o have_v observe_v several_a crystal_n sometime_o to_o adhere_v to_o the_o side_n of_o a_o glass_n in_o which_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n be_v contain_v which_o be_v again_o resolve_v when_o expose_v to_o the_o open_a air_n into_o the_o pristine_a form_n of_o oil_n but_o it_o may_v be_v further_o urge_v as_o a_o argument_n against_o the_o divisibility_n of_o fluid_a body_n into_o such_o fluid_a part_n that_o if_o it_o be_v so_o all_o body_n will_v be_v equal_o dispose_v to_o insinuate_v themselves_o into_o the_o pore_n of_o other_o body_n and_o it_o will_v not_o happen_v that_o one_o body_n shall_v be_v more_o incline_v than_o another_o fluidity_n motion_n as_o well_o as_o minuteness_n of_o part_n requisite_a to_o fluidity_n it_o be_v not_o indeed_o to_o be_v deny_v but_o that_o a_o fluid_a body_n may_v be_v divide_v into_o very_o small_a part_n 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etc._n be_v the_o effect_n of_o saline_a part_n for_o though_o salt_n have_v a_o power_n to_o curdle_n milk_n and_o coagulate_v other_o humour_n yet_o the_o harden_v property_n of_o it_o be_v not_o the_o effect_n of_o any_o inexplicable_a quality_n inherent_a in_o it_o but_o of_o the_o shape_n and_o motion_n of_o the_o particle_n which_o constitute_v it_o which_o by_o insinuate_v themselves_o into_o the_o pore_n of_o a_o body_n and_o stick_v several_a part_n together_o do_v like_o a_o wire_n fasten_v they_o one_o to_o another_o but_o notwithstanding_o the_o saline_a part_n of_o a_o body_n may_v thus_o contribute_v to_o the_o solidity_n of_o it_o yet_o it_o be_v not_o a_o ingredient_n altogether_o necessary_a since_o the_o part_n of_o a_o body_n may_v be_v so_o interweave_v and_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o figure_n and_o contexture_n be_v so_o dispose_v to_o union_n as_o to_o form_v a_o solid_a body_n without_o the_o association_n of_o a_o saline_a ingredient_n beside_o it_o may_v be_v urge_v that_o salt_n themselves_o may_v easy_o be_v reduce_v into_o fluid_a substance_n by_o a_o mixture_n of_o water_n and_o several_a of_o they_o as_o salt_n of_o tartar_n etc._n etc._n will_n without_o the_o addition_n of_o any_o other_o body_n bare_o by_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n be_v render_v fluid_fw-la but_o not_o to_o insist_v upon_o these_o instance_n i_o shall_v rather_o desire_v to_o know_v what_o salt_n can_v be_v suppose_v to_o insinuate_v itself_o into_o and_o cause_n solidity_n in_o mercury_n when_o it_o coagulate_v in_o the_o fume_n of_o lead_n or_o what_o access_n of_o saline_a part_n can_v be_v imagine_v in_o the_o preparation_n of_o mercury_n precipitate_v per_fw-la se_fw-la and_o it_o may_v as_o well_o be_v question_v how_o any_o saline_a body_n can_v penetrate_v the_o fine_a and_o subtle_a pore_n of_o glass_n when_o in_o a_o cold_a night_n the_o water_n contain_v in_o it_o be_v freeze_v and_o be_v turn_v to_o so_o consistent_a a_o substance_n as_o ice_n and_o it_o may_v be_v likewise_o note_v that_o though_o the_o shell_n of_o hen_n egg_n be_v soft_a when_o first_o lay_v yet_o they_o present_o harden_v without_o the_o addition_n of_o any_o other_o saline_a ingredient_n and_o that_o this_o effect_n can_v be_v whole_o attribute_v to_o the_o influence_n of_o the_o air_n it_o may_v be_v urge_v that_o it_o have_v oftentimes_o be_v observe_v that_o shell_n have_v be_v find_v hard_o several_a time_n in_o the_o very_a body_n of_o the_o hen_n before_o they_o be_v lay_v but_o that_o which_o i_o look_v upon_o to_o be_v a_o more_o convince_a argument_n be_v that_o in_o egypt_n where_o egg_n be_v hatch_v by_o the_o influence_n of_o a_o moderate_a external_a heat_n that_o fluid_a substance_n be_v change_v into_o several_a part_n of_o very_o different_a degree_n of_o consistency_n without_o the_o addition_n of_o any_o other_o body_n or_o the_o accession_n of_o a_o new_a salt_n but_o further_a i_o shall_v make_v use_n of_o argument_n draw_v from_o the_o concession_n of_o the_o most_o eminent_a of_o their_o own_o writer_n for_o in_o transmute_v of_o quicksilver_n into_o gold_n by_o a_o white_a or_o red_a tincture_n the_o quantity_n of_o it_o be_v only_o a_o grain_n to_o a_o pound_n of_o quicksilver_n it_o may_v just_o be_v demand_v how_o so_o small_a a_o quantity_n shall_v change_v six_o or_o seven_o thousand_o time_n its_o weight_n whereas_o even_o that_o grain_n be_v not_o altogether_o saline_a part_v of_o it_o be_v a_o sulphureous_a substance_n and_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o helmont_n affirm_v upon_o his_o own_o as_o well_o as_o the_o experience_n of_o raymond_n lul_n that_o if_o the_o alkahost_n be_v draw_v from_o quicksilver_n the_o fluid_a mercury_n will_v be_v so_o coagulate_v as_o to_o be_v capable_a of_o be_v reduce_v into_o a_o powder_n though_o not_o the_o least_o of_o the_o saline_a liquor_n be_v leave_v behind_o and_o i_o be_o credible_o inform_v that_o the_o present_a duke_n of_o holstein_n have_v by_o he_o a_o certain_a glass_n spirit_n of_o urine_n which_o in_o cold_a wether_n shoot_v into_o crystal_n and_o in_o warm_a dissolve_v into_o a_o limpid_a liquor_n which_o spirit_n be_v not_o otherwise_o prepare_v than_o by_o cohobate_v the_o distil_a spirit_n so_o often_o till_o the_o whole_a saline_a urinous_a substance_n be_v bring_v over_o unite_v together_o into_o one_o mass_n and_o for_o a_o further_a confirmation_n of_o the_o doctrine_n by_o we_o deliver_v to_o these_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v that_o if_o so_o much_o as_o juice_n of_o lemmons_n fall_v into_o a_o cauldron_n of_o sacharine_n syrup_n it_o keep_v the_o whole_a mass_n from_o thicken_a into_o a_o sugar_n and_o this_o be_v confirm_v both_o by_o the_o french_a publisher_n of_o the_o natural_a and_o moral_a history_n of_o the_o american_n island_n call_v les_fw-fr isles_n antilles_n histor_n moral_a cap._n 5._o and_o also_o by_o gulielmus_fw-la piso_n histor_n nat._n &_o med._n brasil_n l._n 4._o c._n 1._o the_o latter_a of_o which_o express_v himself_o in_o these_o word_n si_fw-la momentum_fw-la succi_fw-la limonis_fw-la vel_fw-la acidi_fw-la quid_fw-la injiciatur_fw-la sacchari_fw-la consistentiam_fw-la nunquam_fw-la acquiret_fw-la sed_fw-la in_o totum_fw-la perditur_fw-la and_o it_o may_v be_v further_o observe_v to_o our_o present_a purpose_n that_o in_o make_v of_o sugar_n the_o juice_n squeeze_v out_o of_o the_o cane_n be_v usual_o first_o depurate_v in_o large_a vessel_n of_o copper_n from_o whence_o it_o be_v remove_v into_o vessel_n of_o a_o less_o size_n in_o order_n to_o a_o far_a depuration_n where_o we_o be_v to_o note_v also_o that_o whilst_o it_o remain_v in_o the_o large_a vessel_n they_o usual_o add_v very_o strong_a lees_n to_o promote_v depuration_n and_o when_o the_o depurated_a liquor_n be_v remove_v to_o the_o small_a vessel_n it_o be_v the_o custom_n to_o add_v oil_n or_o butter_n to_o preserve_v the_o liquor_n and_o to_o prevent_v it_o from_o boil_a over_o which_o preparation_n piso_n take_v notice_n of_o together_o with_o the_o abovementioned_a author_n the_o word_n of_o the_o former_a be_v these_o observatu_fw-la dignum_fw-la si_fw-la oleum_fw-la majoribus_fw-la inderetur_fw-la ahenis_fw-la in_fw-la quibus_fw-la liquor_n primus_fw-la caldo_fw-la dictus_fw-la purificatur_fw-la saccharo_fw-la conficiendo_fw-la planè_fw-la foret_fw-la ineptus_fw-la vicissim_fw-la si_fw-la minoribus_fw-la lixivium_fw-la sicut_fw-la majoribus_fw-la infundatur_fw-la aequè_fw-la impossibile_fw-it saccharum_fw-la conficere_fw-la the_o fluidity_n and_o firmness_n of_o body_n depend_v so_o much_o upon_o the_o peculiar_a texture_n of_o the_o matter_n which_o constitute_v they_o rather_o than_o on_o a_o saline_a substance_n to_o these_o authority_n for_o a_o further_a confirmation_n of_o our_o hypothesis_n i_o shall_v add_v a_o few_o experiment_n of_o my_o own_o and_o first_o have_v prepare_v a_o liquor_n not_o much_o inferior_a in_o saltness_n to_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la and_o then_o put_v
and_o cool_v in_o another_o though_o cold_a water_n drop_v upon_o the_o hot_a glass_n will_v crack_v it_o yet_o it_o will_v not_o have_v the_o same_o effect_n on_o the_o cool_a part_n of_o the_o glass_n from_o which_o and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o experiment_n contain_v in_o this_o capter_n it_o be_v apparent_a that_o the_o part_n of_o solid_n be_v not_o so_o much_o in_o a_o state_n of_o rest_n as_o of_o tension_n and_o compression_n to_o confirm_v which_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o a_o experience_a artist_n show_v i_o a_o lump_n of_o matter_n consist_v of_o a_o great_a many_o agat_n lodge_v in_o a_o cement_n much_o hard_a than_o ordinary_a stone_n which_o agat_n he_o affirm_v will_v sometime_o when_o take_v out_o of_o the_o cement_n endeavour_n to_o expand_v themselves_o so_o powerful_o as_o to_o fly_v in_o piece_n in_o a_o little_a time_n after_o viii_o the_o reason_n why_o languid_a local_a motion_n viii_o prop._n viii_o and_o its_o effect_n be_v so_o much_o overlook_v be_v because_o we_o be_v too_o apt_a to_o take_v notice_n only_o of_o the_o visible_a impression_n of_o one_o body_n against_o anowithout_n observe_v the_o intestine_a motion_n of_o minute_n part_n to_o prove_v this_o proposition_n i_o shall_v offer_v the_o follow_a experiment_n and_o first_o have_v turn_v a_o key_n in_o a_o brass_n stop_v cock_n a_o considerable_a time_n till_o the_o metal_n by_o frequent_a attrition_n become_v hot_a i_o observe_v it_o at_o the_o last_o so_o to_o swell_v as_o to_o stick_v fast_o like_o a_o wedge_n so_o that_o it_o can_v not_o be_v move_v till_o the_o metal_n be_v again_o cool_a and_o a_o experience_a workman_n have_v inform_v i_o that_o in_o make_v such_o instrument_n before_o the_o key_n can_v right_o be_v adapt_v to_o the_o cavity_n it_o be_v to_o fit_v he_o be_v force_v to_o cool_v it_o several_a time_n in_o water_n to_o take_v down_o the_o expansion_n effect_v by_o the_o heat_n to_o this_o experiment_n it_o may_v be_v add_v that_o the_o part_n of_o a_o drinking-glass_n will_v be_v put_v into_o motion_n by_o draw_v one_o finger_n round_o the_o brim_n and_o that_o so_o violent_a as_o to_o toss_v several_a drop_n of_o the_o water_n contain_v in_o it_o a_o considerable_a height_n into_o the_o air_n and_o a_o drinking-glass_n artificial_o cut_v by_o a_o spiral_n line_n be_v dextrous_o invert_v and_o shake_v will_v have_v its_o part_n so_o manifest_o vibrate_v up_o and_o down_o as_o to_o acquire_v a_o quarter_n of_o a_o inch_n in_o length_n without_o any_o evident_a injury_n to_o the_o glass_n and_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v by_o one_o who_o make_v use_v of_o harden_v steel_n instrument_n to_o turn_v iron_n and_o shake_v off_o the_o protuberance_n of_o that_o metal_n that_o in_o a_o little_a time_n it_o will_v acquire_v such_o a_o heat_n and_o so_o lose_v its_o temper_n as_o to_o look_v blue_a or_o yellowish_a if_o it_o be_v not_o timely_o dip_v in_o a_o convenient_a liquor_n to_o keep_v it_o cool_v to_o this_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o have_v two_o or_o three_o time_n bend_v a_o bar_n of_o tin_n in_o my_o hand_n backward_o and_o forward_o i_o find_v upon_o the_o break_v of_o it_o that_o the_o internal_a part_n have_v acquire_v a_o considerable_a degree_n of_o heat_n from_o which_o experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o attrition_n of_o part_n without_o a_o manifest_a percussion_n be_v able_a to_o cause_v a_o sensible_a heat_n and_o that_o not_o only_o hard_a but_o soft_a body_n may_v do_v so_o too_o i_o shall_v add_v the_o follow_a experiment_n to_o evince_v which_o be_v that_o a_o artist_n have_v only_o rub_v optick-glass_n with_o putree_n upon_o a_o piece_n of_o leather_n to_o polish_v they_o tell_v i_o that_o they_o acquire_v such_o a_o degree_n of_o heat_n as_o sometime_o to_o crack_v though_o i_o be_o not_o unapt_a to_o think_v that_o such_o a_o effect_n may_v as_o well_o be_v attribute_v to_o a_o peculiar_a motion_n of_o the_o part_n of_o glass_n which_o be_v too_o violent_a since_o from_o the_o aforementioned_a vibration_n of_o the_o part_n of_o a_o drinking-glass_n it_o appear_v that_o they_o may_v be_v put_v into_o a_o considerable_a degree_n of_o motion_n without_o heat_n and_o that_o by_o a_o very_a easy_a friction_n such_o body_n may_v acquire_v a_o tremulous_a motion_n appear_v from_o the_o follow_a experiment_n viz._n have_v suffer_v melt_v brimstone_n to_o cool_v in_o a_o vessel_n who_o cavity_n be_v concave_a i_o rub_v the_o convex_a superficies_n of_o the_o brimstone_n upon_o a_o cushion_n for_o some_o time_n and_o find_v by_o apply_v my_o ear_n to_o it_o that_o the_o part_n of_o the_o brimstone_n be_v put_v into_o such_o a_o vibrate_v motion_n as_o to_o continue_v a_o crackle_n noise_n for_o some_o time_n after_o the_o friction_n be_v discontinue_v to_o which_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o have_v rub_v two_o stone_n take_v out_o of_o the_o bladder_n together_o i_o find_v they_o to_o yield_v a_o strong_a urinous_a smell_n and_o not_o only_a sulphur_n will_v emit_v sulphureous_a steam_n by_o rub_v it_o upon_o cloth_n but_o diamond_n themselves_o will_v acquire_v a_o considerable_a degree_n of_o electricity_n and_o i_o have_v one_o by_o i_o which_o if_o rub_v will_v appear_v luminous_a in_o the_o dark_a and_o that_o it_o may_v further_o appear_v that_o a_o peculiar_a modification_n of_o motion_n may_v contribute_v to_o the_o various_a effect_n produce_v by_o it_o i_o shall_v observe_v that_o those_o stone_n which_o italian_a glassman_n make_v use_v of_o afford_v spark_n of_o fire_n by_o collision_n but_o if_o moderate_o rub_v together_o they_o emit_v fetid_a exhalation_n from_o whence_o probable_o proceed_v those_o offensive_a steam_n emit_v by_o glass_n and_o what_o be_v most_o remarkable_a and_o to_o our_o purpose_n be_v though_o glass_n when_o red-hot_a emit_v no_o such_o effluvia_fw-la yet_o if_o two_o piece_n be_v dexterous_o rub_v together_o they_o will_v send_v forth_o steam_n copious_a enough_o and_o fetid_a and_o to_o show_v how_o brisk_a the_o motion_n of_o the_o part_n of_o inorganical_a body_n be_v and_o how_o soon_o they_o communicate_v motion_n to_o one_o another_o we_o need_v but_o consider_v how_o the_o tremulous_a motion_n of_o a_o bell_n be_v continue_v successive_o round_o it_o and_o how_o all_o that_o time_n it_o communicate_v that_o motion_n to_o the_o air_n about_o it_o for_o that_o the_o part_n of_o it_o be_v so_o successive_o keep_v in_o motion_n appear_v from_o that_o tremble_v motion_n which_o may_v be_v perceive_v by_o one_o finger_n and_o it_o be_v further_o confirm_v because_o a_o solution_n of_o the_o continuity_n much_o deaden_n and_o cause_v the_o sound_n to_o be_v much_o short_a and_o that_o the_o air_n receive_v its_o undulate_a motion_n from_o the_o impress_n of_o the_o bell_n all_o that_o time_n appear_v if_o one_o finger_n or_o some_o other_o body_n be_v apply_v to_o it_o which_o stop_v that_o tremulous_a motion_n and_o that_o the_o motion_n in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o bell_n be_v very_o brisk_a be_v evince_v from_o what_o be_v general_o affirm_v viz._n that_o if_o a_o string_n be_v tie_v about_o a_o bell_n so_o as_o to_o check_v the_o tremulous_a motion_n upon_o the_o strike_n of_o the_o clapper_n it_o will_v break_v some_o part_n be_v more_o agitate_a than_o other_o so_o that_o the_o disproportionate_a motion_n compare_v with_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o other_o part_n surmount_v their_o cohesion_n they_o must_v consequent_o fly_v asunder_o and_o as_o a_o further_a argument_n that_o the_o part_n of_o the_o bell_n be_v so_o agitate_a i_o put_v file_n of_o steel_n and_o drop_v of_o water_n into_o a_o hand-bell_n and_o observe_v that_o upon_o the_o impulse_n of_o a_o key_n the_o water_n shiver_v and_o the_o file_n have_v likewise_o such_o a_o motion_n give_v to_o their_o part_n as_o enable_v they_o to_o dance_v up_o and_o down_o but_o to_o put_v a_o end_n to_o these_o observation_n i_o shall_v only_o intimate_v that_o from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v it_o may_v appear_v what_o considerable_a effect_n may_v be_v cause_v by_o the_o unheeded_a motion_n of_o invisible_a part_n of_o matter_n which_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v ascribe_v to_o other_o less_o intelligible_a cause_n chap._n xvii_o a_o supplement_n to_o the_o former_a chapter_n of_o the_o great_a effect_n of_o languid_a and_o unheeded_a local_a motion_n to_o illustrate_v what_o have_v be_v deliver_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n i_o shall_v add_v the_o follow_a observation_n and_o first_o that_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o air_n may_v act_v on_o body_n due_o predispose_v at_o a_o great_a distance_n appear_v from_o what_o the_o learned_a borellus_n de_fw-fr vi_fw-la percussionis_fw-la prop._n cxi_o relate_v viz._n that_o be_v at_o tauromenium_n in_o sicily_n about_o thirty_o mile_n from_o mount_n aetna_n when_o it_o first_o break_v out_o it_o be_v observable_a
dispose_v to_o influence_n the_o superficial_a region_n of_o the_o earth_n than_o the_o hot_a one_o which_o lie_v under_o it_o appear_v from_o reason_n itself_o and_o may_v be_v further_o confirm_v by_o observe_v that_o even_o water_n in_o freeze_a losââ_n its_o fluidity_n and_o put_v on_o the_o form_n of_o ice_n first_o in_o those_o part_n which_o be_v most_o contiguous_a to_o the_o air_n and_o subject_a to_o the_o influence_n of_o external_n cold_n and_o it_o be_v observe_v not_o only_o in_o england_n but_o also_o in_o russia_n that_o if_o wine_n or_o beer_n be_v keep_v in_o a_o cellar_n well_o roof_v over_o and_o about_o twelve_o foot_n deep_a it_o may_v be_v preserve_v from_o freeze_a notwithstanding_o the_o violence_n of_o external_a cold_a where_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o warmth_n of_o those_o vault_n do_v not_o only_o depend_v on_o the_o exclusion_n of_o external_n air_n but_o also_o on_o the_o steam_n of_o those_o ferment_a liquor_n together_o with_o some_o subterraneal_a steam_n which_o be_v gather_v there_o and_o hinder_v from_o fly_v away_o proposition_n ii_o ii_o prop._n ii_o but_o to_o proceed_v to_o the_o second_o proposition_n which_o may_v be_v comprise_v in_o the_o two_o follow_a member_n as_o first_o first_o member_n the_o first_o that_o the_o temper_n of_o the_o second_o region_n of_o the_o earth_n seem_v to_o be_v cold_a than_o that_o above_o or_o that_o below_o it_o this_o be_v both_o confirm_v by_o observation_n already_o cite_v and_o also_o by_o reason_n by_o the_o latter_a because_o the_o earth_n be_v a_o body_n compound_v of_o part_n less_o agitate_a than_o those_o about_o our_o sensory_a they_o must_v consequent_o cause_v a_o sensation_n of_o cold_a cold_a why_o the_o middle_a region_n be_v cold_a and_o why_o that_o region_n shall_v have_v its_o part_n less_o agitate_a than_o those_o about_o it_o be_v plain_a because_o it_o lie_v remote_a both_o from_o the_o influence_n of_o external_n as_o well_o as_o subterraneal_a heat_n but_o here_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o though_o i_o say_v the_o middle_a region_n be_v cold_a yet_o i_o will_v only_o be_v understand_v to_o mean_v a_o comparative_a coldness_n for_o i_o by_o no_o mean_n think_v that_o region_n to_o be_v possess_v with_o the_o most_o intense_a degree_n of_o coldness_n since_o neither_o ice_n or_o snow_n have_v be_v ever_o observe_v to_o be_v find_v in_o it_o and_o though_o it_o be_v comparative_o cold_a than_o those_o region_n about_o it_o yet_o that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o cold_a may_v be_v hence_o argue_v because_o it_o be_v observe_v in_o the_o summer_n that_o the_o exhalation_n which_o steam_n from_o the_o middle_a region_n be_v sensible_o warm_a at_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o grove_n which_o they_o can_v not_o be_v be_v the_o middle_a region_n through_o which_o they_o pass_v extreme_o cold_a proposition_n the_o second_o member_n of_o the_o second_o proposition_n but_o to_o pass_v to_o the_o second_o member_n of_o this_o second_o proposition_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o in_o several_a place_n which_o may_v be_v refer_v to_o this_o middle_a region_n the_o temperature_n of_o the_o air_n be_v different_a at_o the_o same_o season_n of_o the_o year_n which_o be_v evident_a both_o from_o reason_n and_o experience_n and_o first_o from_o experience_n it_o have_v be_v learn_v by_o those_o who_o have_v often_o be_v in_o those_o hungarian_a mine_n as_o well_o as_o some_o here_o in_o england_n and_o indeed_o if_o we_o consider_v the_o different_a heat_n in_o different_a climate_n but_o more_o peculiar_o the_o difference_n in_o soil_n it_o will_v not_o be_v less_o consonant_a to_o reason_n for_o the_o soil_n may_v be_v more_o or_o less_o porous_a and_o compact_a soyl._n the_o different_a temper_n of_o subterraneal_a region_n may_v be_v vary_v by_o the_o soyl._n and_o may_v have_v different_a substance_n mix_v with_o it_o or_o run_v through_o it_o which_o may_v alter_v the_o temper_n of_o it_o for_o there_o be_v not_o always_o that_o regular_a order_n in_o nature_n which_o be_v in_o our_o thought_n of_o she_o since_o salt_n marchasite_n and_o mineral_n be_v disperse_v through_o the_o middle_a as_o well_o as_o the_o low_a region_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o may_v by_o impregnate_v those_o fluid_n which_o run_v through_o the_o earth_n cause_n different_a refrigerate_a effluvia_fw-la to_o affect_v various_a part_n of_o the_o same_o region_n as_o if_o in_o one_o place_n it_o be_v impregnate_v with_o nitre_n and_o in_o another_o with_o marchasitical_a earth_n the_o coldness_n of_o the_o former_a must_v render_v that_o part_n of_o the_o region_n the_o cold_a of_o the_o two_o beside_o the_o temper_n of_o they_o may_v differ_v upon_o the_o account_n of_o the_o soil_n itself_o which_o vary_v according_a to_o the_o several_a degree_n of_o its_o maturity_n so_o that_o for_o these_o reason_n the_o temper_n of_o effluvia_fw-la may_v be_v different_a in_o the_o same_o place_n at_o one_o time_n from_o what_o they_o be_v at_o another_o in_o the_o same_o place_n not_o to_o mention_v those_o difference_n which_o it_o may_v undergo_v by_o several_a other_o accident_n and_o the_o subterraneal_a effluvia_fw-la which_o ascend_v more_o or_o less_o from_o the_o low_a region_n and_o before_o i_o leave_v this_o proposition_n it_o may_v be_v necessary_a to_o advertise_v that_o the_o different_a degree_n of_o heat_n or_o cold_a in_o the_o several_a region_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o easy_o discover_v by_o those_o thermoscope_n which_o be_v usual_o make_v use_n of_o to_o distinguish_v such_o difference_n because_o the_o pillar_n of_o air_n which_o press_v upon_o the_o liquor_n may_v differ_v in_o its_o pressure_n according_a to_o the_o length_n of_o it_o it_o be_v long_o and_o consequent_o heavy_a the_o low_a it_o descend_v but_o to_o pass_v to_o the_o three_o region_n comprise_v in_o the_o follow_a proposition_n iii_o prop._n iii_o viz._n that_o the_o temper_n of_o the_o three_o region_n be_v warm_a which_o warmth_n vary_v in_o several_a place_n that_o it_o be_v warm_a and_o that_o that_o heat_n vary_v in_o several_a place_n i_o think_v be_v sufficient_o attest_v by_o the_o several_a person_n that_o have_v go_v down_o into_o those_o mine_n but_o as_o for_o the_o cause_n of_o it_o those_o be_v not_o so_o easy_o discover_v for_o i_o be_o not_o a_o little_a incline_v to_o suspect_v that_o consider_v the_o closeness_n of_o those_o cavity_n in_o which_o they_o work_v the_o effluvium_n of_o their_o own_o body_n and_o of_o the_o metal_n they_o work_v in_o may_v in_o some_o measure_n contribute_v to_o it_o fire_n the_o effect_n of_o subterraneal_a fire_n but_o to_o pass_v by_o this_o suspicion_n i_o shall_v rather_o brief_o intimate_v that_o i_o conceive_v the_o earth_n to_o be_v stock_v with_o store_n of_o subterraneal_a fire_n and_o that_o several_a calorifick_a quality_n be_v carry_v up_o through_o cleft_n and_o vein_n in_o the_o earth_n cause_n a_o sensible_a heat_n to_o be_v diffuse_v through_o the_o whole_a and_o that_o there_o be_v such_o steam_n appear_v manifest_o from_o those_o damp_n which_o be_v often_o observe_v in_o grove_n not_o only_o in_o england_n but_o germany_n bohemia_n hungary_n etc._n etc._n which_o be_v sometime_o so_o bituminous_a and_o sulphureous_a in_o smell_n as_o to_o be_v apt_a to_o take_v actual_a fire_n but_o one_o thing_n i_o must_v intimate_v here_o which_o be_v that_o though_o i_o be_o induce_v to_o believe_v for_o some_o reason_n this_o argument_n valid_a yet_o i_o be_o not_o without_o a_o suspicion_n that_o notwithstanding_o the_o aptness_n which_o these_o exhalation_n have_v to_o take_v flame_n yet_o even_o several_a cold_a steam_n may_v rise_v from_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o may_v acquire_v heat_n in_o the_o upper_a region_n for_o we_o see_v that_o several_a substance_n which_o be_v apt_a enough_o to_o take_v flame_n have_v not_o the_o least_o sensible_a heat_n in_o their_o part_n before_o nay_o be_v so_o far_o from_o that_o that_o salt-petre_n which_o be_v so_o apt_a to_o flame_n will_n by_o be_v dissolve_v in_o water_n add_v a_o considerable_a degree_n of_o coldness_n to_o it_o and_o the_o like_a may_v be_v observe_v in_o spirit_n of_o wine_n who_o spirit_n though_o easy_o inflammable_a affect_v not_o the_o touch_n with_o the_o least_o heat_n if_o raise_v in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o vapour_n but_o that_o which_o incline_v i_o to_o be_v of_o the_o opinion_n just_o now_o mention_v be_v that_o not_o only_a morinus_n but_o several_a other_o have_v observe_v the_o exhalation_n of_o mine_n considerable_o hot_a in_o summer_n time_n and_o the_o experience_a agricola_n have_v oserve_v that_o the_o mineral_n steam_n which_o pervade_v the_o earth_n be_v so_o powerful_a as_o not_o to_o permit_v a_o horefrost_n to_o lie_v upon_o the_o ground_n which_o they_o lie_v under_o and_o the_o like_a have_v be_v
the_o temperature_n of_o the_o low_a region_n these_o thing_n in_o short_a be_v premise_v concern_v the_o upper_a region_n i_o shall_v now_o proceed_v to_o the_o low_a which_o be_v cold_a the_o part_n of_o water_n be_v in_o a_o less_o violent_a agitation_n than_o our_o sensory_a and_o that_o the_o low_a region_n be_v sensible_o cold_a be_v not_o only_a consonant_n to_o reason_n but_o also_o confirm_v by_o the_o observation_n of_o those_o who_o have_v dive_v a_o considerable_a depth_n not_o only_o in_o the_o northern_a sea_n in_o africa_n and_o america_n but_o it_o be_v also_o further_o evince_v by_o what_o be_v common_o practise_v at_o sea_n viz._n to_o let_v down_o bottle_n of_o wine_n into_o the_o sea_n all_o night_n which_o by_o be_v immerse_v in_o the_o water_n will_v acquire_v a_o considerable_a degree_n of_o coldness_n and_o i_o be_o also_o inform_v by_o a_o observe_v traveller_n that_o have_v let_v down_o about_o 400_o fathom_n of_o line_n with_o about_o 30_o pound_n of_o lead_n at_o it_o thirty_o five_o degree_n north_n latitude_n beyond_o the_o line_n the_o lead_n when_o draw_v up_o be_v as_o cold_a as_o ice_n from_o which_o instance_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o air_n and_o water_n so_o far_o agree_v that_o the_o part_n of_o they_o be_v put_v into_o motion_n by_o external_n cause_n they_o acquire_v each_o a_o considerable_a degree_n of_o warmth_n but_o be_v remove_v and_o separate_v from_o those_o cause_n put_v on_o a_o contrary_a quality_n so_o that_o the_o air_n and_o water_n seem_v chief_o in_o this_o respect_n to_o differ_v viz._n in_o their_o invert_v order_n but_o further_o from_o what_o have_v be_v deliver_v it_o appear_v that_o though_o the_o submarine_n region_n be_v sensible_o cold_a the_o near_a the_o bottom_n yet_o their_o cold_a region_n do_v not_o by_o any_o of_o the_o aforementioned_a phaenomena_n appear_v to_o be_v the_o summum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la for_o though_o i_o have_v several_a time_n freeze_a salt-water_n yet_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v that_o there_o be_v the_o least_o ice_n generate_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n since_o from_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o great_a ocean_n 35_o degree_n south_n latitude_n grey_a sand_n have_v be_v bring_v up_o where_o the_o water_n be_v no_o less_o than_o two_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o fathom_v deep_a but_o yet_o there_o be_v one_o caution_n to_o be_v add_v which_o make_v this_o observation_n the_o less_o to_o be_v rely_v on_o which_o be_v that_o one_o reason_n why_o no_o ice_n be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n may_v be_v the_o unaptitude_n of_o salt-water_n more_o than_o of_o fresh_a to_o be_v congeal_v it_o require_v a_o much_o great_a degree_n of_o cold_a to_o freeze_v salt-water_n than_o fresh_a chap._n v._o relation_n about_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n unequal_a the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n very_o rough_a and_o unequal_a that_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v usual_o salt_n and_o cold_a be_v a_o very_a common_a observation_n but_o be_v desirous_a to_o be_v more_o nice_o inform_v about_o what_o occur_v in_o that_o region_n i_o have_v be_v tell_v by_o several_a who_o have_v in_o long_a voyage_n fathom_v in_o several_a place_n that_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v rough_a with_o considerable_a inequality_n and_o precipice_n so_o that_o in_o a_o small_a space_n a_o little_a depth_n of_o the_o sea_n have_v increase_v to_o a_o hundred_o fathom_n and_o decrease_v as_o sudden_o there_o be_v likewise_o find_v several_a other_o inequality_n and_o hill_n observe_v in_o place_n about_o 30_o or_o 20_o fathom_n deep_a where_o a_o line_n of_o 16_o fathom_n will_v upon_o the_o next_o cast_v require_v 35_o or_o 40_o to_o reach_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o like_a observation_n i_o have_v receive_v from_o several_a experience_a mariner_n among_o which_o i_o transcribe_v the_o follow_a account_n from_o some_o note_n leave_v in_o england_n by_o one_o who_o have_v make_v a_o voyage_n to_o the_o east-indies_n the_o account_n be_v this_o february_n 12._o after_o our_o observation_n see_v the_o ground_n under_o we_o we_o heave_v the_o lead_n and_o have_v but_o 19_o fathom_n rocky_a ground_n then_o hale_v by_o n.n._n e._n the_o wind_n at_o n.w._n and_o find_v our_o water_n to_o shoal_n from_o 19_o to_o 10_o and_o 8_o fathom_n hard_a coral_n ground_n then_o sudden_o deepn_v again_o from_o 8_o to_o 20_o and_o 22_o fathom_v sandy_n ground_n and_o then_o sudden_o see_v rock_n under_o we_o where_o we_o have_v but_o 7_o fathom_n and_o the_o next_o cast_v 14_o fathom_v again_o and_o so_o have_v run_v n._n n._n e._n from_o 6_o in_o the_o morning_n till_o 12_o at_o noon_n about_o 19_o mileswe_n deepn_v our_o water_n from_o 16_o to_o 25_o and_o the_o next_o cast_v no_o ground_n with_o 35_o fathom_n of_o line_n water_n the_o gravitation_n of_o the_o water_n but_o beside_o the_o inequality_n to_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n there_o be_v several_a other_o thing_n to_o be_v observe_v among_o which_o the_o gravitation_n of_o the_o water_n be_v remarkable_a and_o though_o it_o be_v dispute_v among_o philosopher_n whether_o there_o be_v such_o gravitation_n or_o not_o yet_o that_o there_o be_v appear_v from_o several_a experiment_n and_o first_o if_o a_o glass-cylind_a with_o one_o end_n open_a be_v immerge_v in_o a_o glass-vessel_n it_o may_v be_v observe_v that_o as_o the_o cylinder_n be_v press_v low_a the_o air_n by_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o water_n will_v be_v squeeze_v high_a and_o high_o the_o water_n rise_v gradual_o below_o it_o in_o the_o cylinder_n and_o the_o like_a have_v be_v observe_v by_o several_a person_n who_o have_v dive_v in_o a_o diving-bell_n not_o only_o in_o the_o northern_a sea_n but_o upon_o the_o coast_n of_o africa_n where_o as_o the_o bell_n go_v deep_a and_o deep_o the_o air_n become_v more_o compress_v and_o the_o water_n according_o rise_v high_o and_o high_o in_o the_o bell._n and_o sometime_o the_o pressure_n have_v be_v observe_v to_o be_v so_o powerful_a that_o i_o have_v be_v inform_v by_o one_o who_o let_v down_o a_o glass-vial_n into_o the_o sea_n near_o the_o straight_n mouth_n that_o have_v let_v it_o sink_v about_o 40_o fathom_n it_o be_v burst_v in_o piece_n by_o the_o outward_a pressure_n of_o the_o water_n to_o which_o he_o add_v that_o have_v let_v down_o a_o aeolipile_n of_o metal_n and_o sink_v it_o about_o 60_o fathom_n he_o observe_v when_o it_o be_v draw_v up_o that_o the_o side_n be_v in_o several_a place_n bruise_v and_o compress_v by_o the_o violent_a pressure_n of_o the_o water_n storm_n the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n not_o disturb_v in_o storm_n another_o thing_n observable_a in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v that_o though_o the_o violence_n of_o storm_n may_v disturb_v it_o where_o it_o be_v shallow_a yet_o where_o it_o be_v considerable_o deep_a the_o near_a the_o bottom_n the_o more_o calm_a and_o undisturbed_a it_o be_v and_o this_o have_v be_v confirm_v 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bengala_n former_o call_v sinus_n gangeticus_n and_o it_o have_v elsewhere_o be_v observe_v that_o in_o considerable_a storm_n the_o sea_n have_v not_o be_v disturb_v over_o the_o depth_n of_o 4_o fathom_n stagnate_v the_o water_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n almost_o stagnate_v and_o to_o these_o observation_n i_o may_v add_v have_v i_o sufficient_a evidence_n to_o build_v upon_o that_o have_v inquire_v whether_o upon_o ebb_a and_o flow_v of_o tide_n the_o motion_n of_o the_o water_n be_v continue_v to_o the_o bottom_n i_o have_v be_v tell_v by_o some_o that_o it_o do_v almost_o stagnate_n and_o by_o other_o that_o the_o current_n of_o the_o water_n above_o be_v different_a from_o the_o tendency_n of_o that_o below_o but_o not_o to_o rely_v upon_o these_o relation_n
small_a part_n and_o raise_v in_o the_o form_n of_o vapour_n by_o heat_n yet_o it_o be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v turn_v into_o air_n that_o in_o chemical_a distillation_n it_o fall_v down_o into_o the_o receiver_n in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o liquor_n and_o likewise_o volatile_a spirit_n and_o salt_n though_o their_o part_n swim_v up_o and_o down_o in_o the_o receiver_n for_o some_o time_n yet_o the_o former_a present_o condense_a into_o a_o liquor_n and_o the_o latter_a into_o salt_n and_o further_o it_o may_v again_o be_v urge_v that_o though_o the_o part_n of_o water_n may_v be_v put_v in_o such_o a_o agitation_n as_o in_o some_o measure_n to_o counterfeit_v the_o form_n of_o air_n yet_o since_o the_o quick_a coalition_n of_o those_o part_n into_o a_o fluid_a form_n argue_v the_o impossibility_n of_o give_v they_o a_o due_a texture_n requisite_a to_o add_v to_o air_n the_o springiness_n observable_a in_o it_o it_o be_v a_o strong_a argument_n against_o the_o possibility_n of_o effect_v such_o a_o change_n and_o that_o a_o bare_a motion_n and_o agitation_n of_o part_n be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o add_v springiness_n to_o a_o body_n appear_v from_o the_o forego_n experiment_n concern_v a_o piece_n of_o match_n include_v in_o our_o receiver_n where_o the_o agitate_a part_n of_o smoak_n be_v by_o no_o mean_n capable_a of_o hinder_v the_o expansion_n of_o the_o bladder_n contain_v in_o it_o and_o though_o josephus_n acosta_n tell_v we_o that_o grate_v of_o iron_n have_v be_v so_o much_o corrode_v in_o the_o air_n as_o to_o be_v turn_v into_o a_o substance_n which_o will_v crumble_v into_o powder_n like_o parch_a straw_n and_o though_o the_o accurate_a varenius_n have_v observe_v in_o the_o issand_n call_v azore_n that_o by_o the_o sharpness_n of_o the_o air_n even_o the_o tile_n of_o the_o house_n have_v be_v corrode_v yet_o be_v they_o no_o argument_n that_o such_o corrosive_a humour_n may_v put_v on_o the_o form_n of_o air_n since_o such_o phaenomena_n may_v be_v account_v for_o by_o the_o mixture_n of_o corrosive_a steam_n mix_v with_o it_o which_o be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v endow_v with_o the_o true_a quality_n of_o air_n that_o they_o may_v notwithstanding_o they_o be_v mix_v with_o the_o air_n retain_v their_o own_o nature_n which_o be_v evident_a in_o sublime_v of_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a and_o i_o have_v have_v a_o subtle_a saline_n body_n which_o will_v not_o only_o rise_v itself_o retain_v its_o own_o nature_n but_o will_v also_o raise_v the_o substance_n of_o gold_n along_o with_o it_o who_o part_n will_v also_o retain_v their_o own_o nature_n and_o stick_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o receiver_n like_o pure_a gold_n i_o remember_v that_o once_o have_v tie_v a_o bladder_n to_o the_o neck_n of_o a_o aeolipile_n when_o the_o water_n be_v force_v out_o into_o it_o so_o as_o to_o distend_v it_o we_o slip_v it_o off_o and_o have_v tie_v it_o close_o put_v it_o into_o our_o receiver_n where_o we_o observe_v that_o upon_o the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n it_o be_v considerable_o expanded_a and_o though_o the_o bladder_n when_o take_v out_o of_o the_o receiver_n continue_v in_o the_o cold_a for_o some_o time_n yet_o the_o include_v substance_n continue_v near_o as_o full_o distend_v but_o notwithstanding_o the_o plausibleness_n of_o this_o experiment_n i_o can_v not_o but_o suspect_v that_o the_o distension_n rather_o proceed_v from_o the_o air_n which_o upon_o the_o first_o work_v of_o the_o aeolipile_n come_v out_o with_o it_o than_o from_o any_o part_n of_o the_o water_n convert_v into_o air._n but_o to_o proceed_v to_o what_o may_v be_v allege_v to_o countenance_v the_o change_n of_o water_n into_o air_n if_o a_o good_a aeolipile_n be_v place_v upon_o hot_a coal_n the_o water_n will_v sometime_o spring_v three_o or_o four_o foot_n high_a into_o the_o air_n and_o when_o take_v off_o the_o fire_n will_v continue_v to_o emit_v copious_a stream_n and_o if_o when_o it_o be_v take_v from_o the_o fire_n almost_o empty_a the_o neck_n be_v immerse_v in_o water_n as_o soon_o as_o it_o begin_v to_o suck_v in_o water_n it_o will_v raise_v store_n of_o bubble_n which_o seem_v to_o proceed_v from_o water_n too_o much_o expanded_a by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o aeolipile_n and_o if_o when_o that_o aeolipile_n be_v almost_o full_a of_o water_n a_o live_a coal_n be_v hold_v before_o the_o neck_n it_o will_v manifest_o be_v kindle_v by_o very_o vehement_a steam_n which_o flow_v out_o of_o it_o which_o will_v have_v the_o more_o powerful_a effect_n the_o near_a the_o coal_n be_v hold_v to_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o aeolipile_n but_o since_o by_o hold_v a_o knife_n before_o these_o steam_n they_o will_v be_v condense_v upon_o it_o into_o water_n and_o thence_o appear_v not_o so_o much_o to_o have_v acquire_v the_o nature_n of_o air_n as_o to_o have_v their_o part_n put_v into_o a_o violent_a motion_n i_o shall_v add_v a_o relation_n from_o the_o industrious_a kircher_n of_o a_o famous_a hudraulick_n engine_n 15_o see_v figure_n the_o 15_o which_o he_o make_v by_o the_o order_n of_o innocent_a the_o ten_o the_o account_n of_o it_o in_o his_o own_o word_n be_v the_o follow_v cum_fw-la eodem_fw-la tempore_fw-la quo_fw-la haec_fw-la scripsi_fw-la summi_fw-la pont._n innocentii_fw-la x._o mandato_n organi_fw-la hydraulici_fw-la in_o horto_fw-la quirinali_fw-la constituendi_fw-la cura_fw-la mihi_fw-la commendata_fw-la esset_fw-la aeoliam_fw-la cameram_fw-la insigni_fw-la sane_fw-la successu_fw-la construi_fw-la jussimus_fw-la ea_fw-la quae_fw-la sequitur_fw-la ratione_fw-la erat_fw-la longitudo_fw-la seu_fw-la altitudo_fw-la camerae_fw-la a_o h_n quinque_fw-la pedum_n latitudine_fw-la tres_fw-la fere_n ex_fw-la lateribus_fw-la constructa_fw-la in_fw-la medio_fw-la duo_fw-la continebat_fw-la diaphragmata_fw-la c_o d_o &_o e_o f_o in_o modum_fw-la cribri_fw-la pluribus_fw-la foraminibus_fw-la pertusi_fw-la paulò_fw-la infrà _fw-la canalis_fw-la g_o aquam_fw-la advehens_fw-la inserebatur_fw-la in_fw-la h_n eidem_fw-la epistomium_fw-la parabat_fw-la exitum_fw-la aqua_fw-la itaque_fw-la per_fw-la canalem_fw-la g_o maximo_fw-la impetu_fw-la ruens_fw-la vehementissimum_fw-la ventum_fw-la mox_fw-la intus_fw-la excitabat_fw-la qui_fw-la ventus_fw-la nimiâ_fw-la humiditate_fw-la imbutus_fw-la ut_fw-la purior_fw-la âxiret_fw-la sicciorque_fw-la diaphragmata_fw-la illa_fw-la in_o cribri_fw-la modum_fw-la pertusa_fw-la ordinata_fw-la sunt_fw-la intra_fw-la haec_fw-la enim_fw-la aquae_fw-la vehemens_fw-la agitatio_fw-la rupta_fw-la fractaque_fw-la aerem_fw-la puriorem_fw-la per_fw-la canalem_fw-la a_o subtiliorem_fw-la emittebat_fw-la verum_fw-la cum_fw-la postea_fw-la inventum_fw-la sit_fw-la aerem_fw-la plus_fw-la aequo_fw-la humidum_fw-la interioribus_fw-la organi_fw-la meatibus_fw-la maximum_fw-la detrimentum_fw-la infer_v hinc_fw-la ut_fw-la aer_fw-la aquosus_fw-la siccissimam_fw-la consistentiam_fw-la acquireret_fw-la ordinavimus_fw-la canalem_fw-la plumbeum_fw-la q_o r_n in_o haelicem_fw-la contortum_fw-la vasi_n s_n aliquantulum_fw-la capaciori_fw-la in_o modum_fw-la vrnae_fw-la efformato_fw-la insertum_fw-la intra_fw-la urnam_fw-la enim_fw-la plumbeam_fw-la &_o canalem_fw-la tortuosum_fw-la illisus_fw-la aer_fw-la humidus_fw-la ita_fw-la ab_fw-la omni_fw-la aquositate_fw-la defaecabatur_fw-la ut_fw-la ex_fw-la furno_n in_fw-la organum_fw-la derivatus_fw-la dici_fw-la potuerit_fw-la urna_fw-la s_n canalis_fw-la tortuosi_fw-la q_o r_n ultimum_fw-la orificium_fw-la z_o inseritur_fw-la anemothaecae_fw-la organi_fw-la et_fw-la hunc_fw-la modum_fw-la organis_fw-la hydraulicis_fw-la omnium_fw-la aptissimum_fw-la reperi_fw-la and_o i_o rather_o cite_v this_o account_n because_o it_o be_v deliver_v as_o kircher_n own_o observation_n and_o have_v i_o when_o i_o be_v at_o rome_n take_v notice_n of_o these_o engine_n and_o find_v that_o the_o effluviae_n which_o blow_v the_o organ_n be_v not_o again_o condense_v into_o water_n i_o shall_v be_v apt_a to_o believe_v it_o not_o impossible_a to_o turn_v water_n into_o air_n it_o be_v altogether_o impossible_a that_o the_o air_n lodge_v in_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o water_n shall_v supply_v so_o large_a a_o quantity_n of_o air_n as_o be_v requisite_a to_o blow_v the_o organ_n i_o therefore_o be_v induce_v to_o think_v that_o it_o may_v proceed_v from_o some_o part_n of_o the_o water_n put_v into_o a_o very_a brisk_a motion_n since_o i_o have_v observe_v as_o i_o pass_v betwixt_o lion_n and_o geneva_n that_o the_o river_n of_o rhone_n be_v on_o a_o sudden_a straighten_a betwixt_o two_o rock_n which_o be_v so_o near_o that_o a_o man_n may_v stand_v with_o one_o foot_n upon_o one_o and_o the_o other_o foot_n upon_o the_o other_o some_o part_n of_o the_o water_n be_v put_v into_o so_o violent_a a_o motion_n as_o to_o be_v raise_v into_o the_o air_n a_o considerable_a height_n and_o at_o a_o distance_n to_o appear_v like_o a_o mist_n though_o i_o must_v confess_v it_o difficult_a to_o conceive_v how_o such_o vapour_n shall_v pass_v through_o a_o leaden_a pipe_n of_o such_o a_o length_n since_o we_o see_v that_o vapour_n be_v condense_v into_o liquids_n in_o a_o much_o less_o time_n in_o the_o head_n of_o alembic_n and_o the_o neck_n of_o aeolipile_n when_o once_o the_o motion_n of_o their_o
omnipotence_n matter_n shall_v be_v so_o extend_v as_o without_o any_o addition_n to_o alter_v its_o dimension_n and_o though_o our_o author_n take_v two_o way_n to_o explicate_v his_o notion_n either_o upon_o a_o supposition_n of_o the_o part_n of_o matter_n be_v indivisible_a or_o divisible_a in_o infinitum_fw-la yet_o since_o he_o explicate_v it_o neither_o of_o those_o way_n so_o clear_o as_o to_o make_v it_o intelligible_a i_o must_v confess_v i_o can_v acquiesce_v in_o they_o nor_o be_v the_o difficulty_n at_o all_o make_v less_o by_o assert_v that_o matter_n may_v be_v virtual_o so_o extend_v as_o to_o possess_v more_o space_n than_o be_v circumscribe_v by_o it_o since_o a_o virtual_a extension_n be_v as_o unintelligible_a as_o extension_n without_o the_o term_n virtual_o join_v with_o it_o for_o since_o he_o seem_v to_o allow_v the_o part_n of_o matter_n to_o be_v indivisible_a it_o rather_o prejudices_fw-la the_o doctrine_n of_o rarefaction_n as_o teach_v by_o aristotle_n than_o explain_v it_o since_o it_o be_v inconsistent_a to_o think_v that_o a_o body_n who_o part_n be_v circumscribe_v by_o a_o certain_a space_n shall_v fill_v a_o large_a space_n without_o be_v divide_v and_o remove_v out_o of_o the_o former_a nor_o do_v it_o at_o all_o explain_v or_o render_v the_o aristotelian_a doctrine_n of_o rarefaction_n to_o say_v that_o matter_n may_v by_o omnipotence_n be_v so_o order_v as_o to_o possess_v adaequate_o double_a the_o space_n it_o do_v before_o since_o in_o natural_a philosophy_n it_o be_v not_o dispute_v what_o god_n can_v do_v but_o what_o he_o have_v do_v but_o beside_o the_o difficulty_n in_o our_o author_n doctrine_n of_o rarefaction_n there_o be_v no_o less_o in_o the_o condensation_n which_o his_o funiculus_fw-la suppose_v for_o since_o he_o allow_v of_o no_o vacuity_n in_o it_o it_o be_v impossible_a the_o part_n of_o it_o shall_v be_v bring_v near_a than_o to_o touch_v one_o another_o without_o a_o penetration_n of_o dimension_n which_o be_v whole_o disallow_v of_o and_o by_o no_o mean_n to_o be_v admit_v in_o nature_n for_o be_v that_o allow_v two_o or_o three_o thousand_o body_n may_v be_v contain_v in_o a_o space_n which_o every_o one_o of_o they_o by_o itself_o will_v fill_v which_o be_v altogether_o unintelligible_a chap._n xviii_o a_o consideration_n concern_v some_o trial_n of_o the_o torrecellian_a and_o other_o experiment_n '_o at_o the_o top_n and_o foot_n of_o a_o hill_n hill_n the_o height_n of_o mercury_n suspend_v at_o the_o top_n of_o a_o hill_n for_o a_o further_a proof_n against_o our_o adversary_n doctrine_n and_o for_o a_o confirmation_n of_o we_o i_o shall_v add_v the_o follow_a experiment_n and_o first_o the_o famous_a pecquet_n mention_n a_o experiment_n make_v by_o monsieur_n pascal_n at_o the_o foot_n of_o a_o mountain_n 3000_o foot_n high_a where_o when_o he_o ascend_v 150_o fathom_n the_o mercury_n in_o the_o cylinder_n be_v not_o buoy_v up_o so_o high_a as_o at_o the_o bottom_n by_o two_o inch_n and_o a_o quarter_n and_o at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o hill_n it_o want_v 3_o inch_n of_o that_o station_n which_o it_o be_v suspend_v at_o at_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o hill_n which_o be_v a_o strong_a argument_n against_o our_o adversary_n the_o difference_n plain_o appear_v to_o depend_v on_o the_o different_a length_n of_o the_o atmospherical_a cylinder_n which_o be_v able_a to_o weigh_v up_o the_o mercury_n at_o the_o bottom_n than_o the_o top_n of_o the_o hill_n and_o gassendus_fw-la tom._n 1._o p._n 211._o relate_v that_o the_o like_a be_v observe_v 5_o time_n on_o the_o hill_n at_o auvergne_n and_o a_o very_a note_a virtuoso_fw-la mr._n j._n ball_n as_o well_o as_o that_o ingenious_a gentleman_n mr._n townley_n have_v observe_v the_o like_a in_o england_n and_o it_o be_v by_o the_o last_o name_v likewise_o observe_v that_o the_o mercury_n include_v in_o the_o top_n of_o the_o cylinder_n be_v not_o able_a to_o depress_v the_o mercury_n near_o so_o much_o at_o the_o bottom_n as_o at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o hill_n but_o to_o discover_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n and_o its_o spring_n without_o go_v up_o to_o the_o top_n of_o such_o high_a mountain_n we_o make_v use_v of_o the_o follow_a wether_n glass_n suspending_a water_n in_o the_o pipe_n instead_o of_o mercury_n the_o instrument_n be_v a_o glass_n with_o a_o broad_a foot_n and_o a_o narrow_a neck_n a_o b_o and_o a_o slender_a pipe_n of_o glass_n c_z d_o which_o be_v open_a at_o both_o end_n and_o so_o place_v that_o the_o low_a end_n be_v not_o far_o from_o the_o bottom_n a_o b_o and_o be_v so_o close_o cement_v at_o the_o neck_n a_o second_o see_v fig._n the_o first_o plate_n the_o second_o as_o to_o prevent_v the_o internal_a air_n i_o i_o from_o communicate_v with_o external_n k_o k_o unless_o it_o be_v through_o the_o pipe_n c_z d_o and_o have_v conveige_v water_n h_n h_n into_o the_o glass_n ab_fw-la which_o be_v pretty_a large_a and_o have_v blow_v so_o much_o air_n into_o the_o bottle_n as_o to_o raise_v the_o water_n in_o the_o tube_n above_o the_o vessel_n upon_o the_o lead_v of_o westminster_n abby_n when_o the_o air_n be_v think_v to_o be_v equal_o cold_a and_o condensed_a within_o the_o bottle_n as_o without_o we_o mark_v the_o station_n of_o the_o water_n f_o and_o let_v it_o down_o by_o a_o string_n to_o the_o ground_n the_o water_n subside_v a_o inch_n where_o its_o station_n e_z be_v mark_v and_o the_o vessel_n draw_v up_o again_o the_o water_n be_v raise_v to_o the_o mark_n f_o again_o which_o experiment_n be_v again_o try_v have_v the_o like_a success_n and_o afterward_o the_o top_n of_o the_o tube_n be_v break_v we_o let_v it_o down_o within_o the_o church_n the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o pipe_n be_v at_o g_z a_o inch_n above_o the_o water_n in_o the_o glass_n where_o i_o observe_v that_o the_o air_n so_o depress_v it_o when_o it_o come_v to_o the_o bottom_n as_o to_o force_v the_o water_n out_o of_o the_o pipe_n into_o the_o glass_n several_a bubble_n break_v through_o into_o the_o capacity_n of_o the_o glass_n and_o this_o glass_n be_v draw_v up_o to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o church_n again_o the_o water_n be_v manifest_o raise_v in_o the_o tube_n again_o from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o atmosphere_n gravitates_fw-la more_fw-mi caeteris_fw-la paribus_fw-la the_o near_a the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o the_o experiment_n be_v repeat_v we_o find_v that_o as_o the_o height_n at_o which_o it_o be_v try_v varied_a so_o the_o elevation_n or_o depression_n do_v another_o particular_a which_o may_v be_v a_o further_a confirmation_n of_o our_o hypothesis_n be_v that_o which_o be_v mention_v by_o monsieur_n paschal_n viz._n that_o a_o football_n be_v weak_o blow_v and_o carry_v to_o the_o top_n of_o a_o hill_n swell_v more_o and_o more_o as_o it_o be_v carry_v high_o and_o as_o gradual_o grow_v lank_a when_o it_o be_v carry_v down_o the_o hill_n again_o from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o as_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v long_a or_o short_a it_o make_v a_o great_a gravitation_n and_o pressure_n upon_o the_o bladder_n to_o this_o i_o shall_v add_v a_o experiment_n send_v to_o dr._n croon_n by_o a_o learned_a professor_n of_o gresham_n college_n second_o see_v fig._n the_o sec._n plate_n the_o second_o which_o be_v the_o follow_v have_v observe_v that_o in_o the_o weatherglass_n a_o b_o represent_v by_o the_o second_o figure_n which_o be_v about_o two_o foot_n long_o the_o water_n be_v suspend_v in_o the_o pipe_n about_o thirteen_o inch_n above_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o external_n water_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o hallifax_n hill_n but_o be_v carry_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o hill_n it_o subside_v a_o inch_n and_o a_o quarter_n to_o the_o point_n d_o the_o internal_a air_n a_o c_z which_o be_v take_v in_o at_o the_o bottom_n dilate_v itself_o at_o the_o top_n further_o by_o c_z d_o in_o which_o experiment_n the_o descent_n be_v much_o more_o considerable_a than_o what_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v in_o such_o a_o small_a ascent_n by_o the_o bare_a pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n diminish_v the_o reason_n appear_v to_o be_v the_o expansion_n of_o that_o air_n include_v in_o the_o top_n of_o the_o weatherglass_n as_o well_o as_o the_o shorten_v of_o the_o atmospherical_a cylinder_n chap._n xix_o experiment_n concern_v the_o measure_n of_o the_o force_n of_o the_o spring_n of_o air_n compress_v and_o dilate_a to_o make_v it_o evident_a that_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o air_n be_v able_a to_o do_v much_o more_o than_o we_o have_v attribute_v to_o it_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o its_o spring_n and_o weight_n we_o try_v the_o follow_a experiment_n measure_v the_o air_n be_v condensation_n measure_v have_v pour_v mercury_n into_o a_o glass-tube_n which_o consist_v of_o
high_a octob._n 16._o 77._o three_o ounce_n of_o bruise_a grape_n be_v include_v in_o a_o exhaust_a receiver_n large_a enough_o to_o contain_v 30_o ounce_n of_o water_n with_o half_a a_o ounce_n of_o spirit_n of_o wine_n octob._n 17._o the_o mercury_n do_v not_o ascend_v much_o octob._n 18._o it_o be_v not_o a_o inch_n high_a jan._n 2._o 18._o the_o receiver_n be_v quite_o full_a and_o some_o of_o the_o liquor_n as_o it_o be_v pour_v out_o produce_v bubble_n in_o some_o turpentine_n about_o the_o orifice_n which_o break_v outward_o though_o spirit_n of_o wine_n promote_v the_o generation_n of_o air_n in_o vacuo_fw-la yet_o in_o the_o open_a air_n it_o hinder_v it_o see_v the_o ii_o viii_o and_o fourteen_o exp._n art_n ii_o experiment_n vii_o july_n 19_o 78._o mu_o express_v must_v from_o must_v bruise_a grape_n be_v put_v into_o a_o receiver_n when_o it_o be_v 10_o month_n old_a the_o 21._o the_o mercury_n be_v no_o high_o 23._o it_o be_v raise_v 3_o inch_n 24._o raise_v 5_o inch_n 25._o in_o the_o morning_n it_o be_v 104_o in_o the_o evening_n 137_o and_o the_o must_v make_v its_o way_n out_o 26._o more_o must_v get_v out_o the_o air_n be_v further_o expanded_a but_o the_o mercury_n be_v suspend_v at_o the_o same_o height_n 27._o the_o screw_n be_v leave_v open_a half_o the_o must_v get_v out_o from_o thence_o it_o appear_v that_o by_o keep_v grape_n for_o some_o time_n their_o fermentative_a virtue_n become_v more_o powerful_a experiment_n viii_o jan._n 30._o boil_a apple_n be_v put_v into_o receiver_n apple_n from_o boil_a apple_n with_o and_o without_o sugar_n they_o both_o present_o fill_v they_o full_a of_o air._n jan._n 31._o raw_n apple_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o receiver_n in_o one_o of_o which_o be_v put_v a_o three_o part_n of_o sugar_n and_o the_o other_o without_o feb._n 10._o the_o former_a have_v yield_v some_o air._n feb._n 14._o the_o raw_a apple_n and_o sugar_n raise_v the_o mercury_n 30_o inch_n those_o which_o be_v boil_a raise_v it_o two_o inch_n in_o the_o other_o receiver_n we_o have_v no_o air_n generate_v feb._n 18._o in_o the_o receiver_n in_o which_o the_o raw_a apple_n and_o sugar_n be_v enclose_v the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v 56_o inch_n the_o boil_a apple_n and_o sugar_n raise_v it_o 3._o the_o raw_a apple_n have_v yield_v little_a but_o in_o that_o which_o be_v almost_o full_a the_o apple_n be_v very_o little_o ferment_v but_o of_o a_o very_a pleasant_a taste_n feb._n 21._o the_o cover_n be_v break_v and_o the_o apple_n and_o sugar_n have_v lose_v some_o of_o their_o juice_n but_o they_o be_v not_o rot_a march_v 1_o in_o the_o great_a receiver_n in_o which_o raw_a apple_n be_v shut_v up_o the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v 25_o inch_n in_o the_o little_a one_o not_o above_o 7._o where_o boil_a apple_n and_o sugar_n be_v contain_v it_o be_v raise_v 9_o inch_n march_n 8._o in_o the_o large_a one_o it_o be_v 29._o in_o the_o less_o 22_o ½_n that_o where_o the_o boil_a apple_n be_v stay_v at_o 9_o inch_n march_n 17._o some_o juice_n get_v out_o of_o the_o large_a receiver_n in_o the_o less_o the_o mercury_n stand_v at_o 67_o inch_n and_o the_o boil_a apple_n and_o sugar_n raise_v it_o 15_o inch_n from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o sugar_n and_o the_o largeness_n of_o the_o receiver_n as_o well_o as_o the_o crudity_n of_o the_o fruit_n contribute_v to_o the_o production_n of_o air._n article_n ii_o several_a way_n to_o hinder_v the_o production_n of_o air._n experiment_n i._n decemb._n 20._o 78._o dough_n make_v without_o leaven_n dough._n from_o dough._n but_o with_o the_o same_o meal_n with_o breadcorn_n be_v enclose_v in_o a_o receiver_n where_o the_o heat_n of_o a_o fire_n keep_v it_o warm_a than_o at_o midsummer_n in_o 10_o hour_n it_o yield_v no_o air_n so_o that_o if_o doughty_n be_v once_o too_o cold_a it_o hinder_v its_o fermentation_n for_o the_o future_a which_o i_o the_o rather_o believe_v because_o doughty_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o the_o summer_n present_o generate_v air._n experiment_n ii_o may_v 23._o three_o ounce_n of_o doughty_n leaven_v be_v enclose_v in_o a_o receiver_n large_a enough_o to_o hold_v 50_o ounce_n of_o water_n i_o put_v spirit_n of_o wine_n to_o it_o may_v 24._o the_o mercury_n be_v three_o inch_n high_a may_v 26._o the_o change_n be_v small_a may_v 27._o none_o at_o all_o may_v 29._o none_o at_o all_o june_n 2._o it_o ascend_v a_o little_a june_n 14._o not_o at_o all_o decemb._n 14._o be_v take_v out_o it_o smell_v subacid_n and_o be_v put_v into_o a_o empty_a receiver_n it_o swell_v so_o much_o as_o to_o take_v up_o twice_o as_o much_o space_n as_o before_o with_o a_o gentle_a ebullition_n may_v 23._o the_o same_o quantity_n be_v of_o doughty_n shut_v up_o without_o spirit_n of_o wine_n may_v 24._o the_o mercury_n be_v 19_o ½_n inch_n high_a may_v 26._o it_o be_v height_n be_v 38._o may_v 27._o no_o alteration_n decemb._n 14._o it_o continue_v at_o the_o same_o height_n and_o the_o dough_n smell_v subacid_a from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o spirit_n of_o wine_n prevent_v the_o generation_n of_o it_o in_o the_o last_o experiment_n experiment_n iii_o august_n 29._o pear_n pear_n from_o pear_n and_o a_o mercurial_a gage_n be_v close_v up_o in_o a_o receiver_n fill_v with_o water_n such_o a_o quantity_n of_o air_n be_v press_v in_o as_o be_v able_a to_o raise_v the_o mercury_n 26_o inch_n high_o than_o it_o use_v to_o be_v in_o a_o little_a time_n they_o be_v all_o make_v like_o a_o pultis_fw-la for_o consistence_n aug._n 30._o in_o 24_o hour_n the_o mercury_n be_v depress_v a_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a aug._n 31._o it_o remain_v at_o the_o same_o height_n sept._n 1._o they_o begin_v to_o yield_v air_n the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v to_o 27_o inch_n sept._n 2._o in_o 24_o hour_n it_o be_v raise_v 8_o inch_n high_o sept._n 3._o the_o height_n of_o the_o mercury_n be_v 17_o digit_n high_o the_o height_n be_v 52_o inch_n sept._n 4._o the_o mercury_n be_v buoy_v up_o 7_o inch_n further_o rest_v at_o 59_o inch_n sept._n 5._o the_o height_n of_o the_o mercurial_a tube_n be_v 64_o inch_n and_o a_o pear_n break_v in_o the_o receiver_n be_v turn_v black_n sept._n 6._o it_o be_v raise_v 3_o digit_n and_o ¼_n high_o than_o what_o be_v usual_a sept._n 7._o it_o be_v 3_o digit_n low_a and_o rest_v again_o at_o 64_o inch_n sept._n 8._o this_o day_n the_o mercury_n subside_v to_o 58_o inch_n sept._n 9_o it_o be_v raise_v up_o 3_o digit_n high_o again_o and_o be_v suspend_v at_o 67_o digit_n sept._n 10._o in_o 24_o hour_n it_o be_v raise_v 1_o ½_n high_o be_v suspend_v at_o 69_o inch_n sept._n 11._o it_o descend_v to_o 67_o digit_n again_o the_o night_n be_v very_o cold_a sept._n 12._o no_o alteration_n happen_v at_o all_o sept._n 13._o it_o subside_v further_o to_o 64_o digit_n the_o cold_a be_v sharp_a sept._n 14._o it_o be_v 70_o digit_n high_a sept._n 16._o it_o subside_v to_o 69._o sept._n 19_o it_o stand_v at_o the_o same_o height_n sept._n 20._o it_o be_v raise_v again_o to_o 71._o sept._n 23._o it_o subside_v to_o 69._o octob._n 1_o it_o be_v buoy_v up_o again_o to_o 75_o digit_n octob._n 3_o on_o the_o 2_o there_o be_v no_o alteration_n to_o day_n it_o stand_v at_o 70_o the_o wether_n be_v exceed_o cold_a octob._n yesterday_o the_o mercury_n remain_v at_o the_o same_o height_n but_o this_o day_n be_v rainy_n it_o rise_v again_o to_o 75._o octob._n 7._o the_o wether_n be_v the_o same_o the_o mercury_n be_v at_o a_o stand_n octob._n 10._o this_o day_n it_o subside_v to_o 69_o inch_n the_o rainy_n weather_n continue_v octob._n 12._o to_o day_n it_o be_v depress_v to_o 65_o inch_n cold_a wether_n come_v on_o again_o octob._n 13._o it_o be_v 64_o inch_n high_a octob._n 14_o it_o be_v 69_o digit_n high_a octob._n 15_o it_o be_v 74_o digit_n high_a octob._n 24_o it_o be_v 68_o inch_n the_o season_n be_v cold_a nou._n 2._o it_o be_v 64._o the_o cold_a more_o violent_a nou._n 5._o the_o mercury_n be_v 80_o ½_n inch_n high_a the_o cold_a more_o moderate_a nou._n 2._o it_o be_v 65_o inch_n high_a it_o be_v sharp_a frosty_a wether_n nou._n 27._o it_o be_v 68_o inch_n high_a a_o thaw_v come_v on_o dec._n 6._o it_o be_v 61_o inch_n high_a the_o wether_n be_v very_o frosty_a from_o the_o former_a experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o fruit_n yield_v not_o air_n plentiful_o when_o violent_o compress_v in_o the_o air_n the_o air_n afford_v when_o they_o be_v compress_v not_o be_v â
_n of_o what_o they_o yield_v in_o the_o empty_a receiver_n but_o that_o the_o cold_a may_v concur_v to_o hinder_v the_o generation_n of_o air_n will_v be_v evident_a from_o the_o follow_a
26_o inch_n high_a aug._n 13_o the_o height_n of_o it_o be_v 33_o aug._n 14_o the_o height_n of_o it_o be_v 36_o aug._n 15_o the_o height_n of_o it_o be_v 39_o aug._n 16_o the_o height_n of_o it_o be_v 41_o ½_n aug._n 17_o the_o height_n be_v 44_o aug._n 11_o the_o height_n be_v 47_o aug._n 19_o the_o height_n be_v 50_o the_o air_n be_v transmit_v and_o the_o goosberry_n take_v out_o they_o have_v lose_v their_o colour_n and_o almost_o all_o their_o acidity_n they_o produce_v air_n very_o regular_o except_o a_o little_a fast_o when_o some_o part_n have_v be_v draw_v out_o experiment_n vii_o sept._n 12._o grape_n crude_a grape_n crude_a grape_n be_v put_v into_o a_o receiver_n with_o as_o much_o air_n as_o raise_v mercury_n 3_o digit_n sept._n 13_o the_o height_n be_v 5_o sept._n 14_o the_o height_n be_v 10_o sept._n 16_o the_o height_n be_v 17_o sept._n 17_o the_o height_n be_v 19_o sept._n 19_o the_o height_n be_v 23_o sept._n 20_o the_o height_n be_v 25_o sept._n 22_o the_o height_n be_v 30_o it_o be_v stop_v with_o a_o screw_n sept._n 23_o the_o height_n be_v 3_o ½_n sept._n 24_o the_o height_n be_v 32_o sept._n 26_o the_o height_n be_v 34_o ½_n sept._n 27_o the_o height_n be_v 36_o ¼_n sept._n 28_o the_o height_n be_v 36_o ¼_n sept._n 29_o the_o height_n be_v 37_o ¼_n sept._n 30_o the_o height_n be_v 37_o ¼_n oct._n 2_o the_o height_n be_v 39_o ½_n oct._n 4_o the_o height_n be_v 39_o ½_n oct._n 5_o the_o height_n be_v 40_o ½_n oct._n 7_o the_o height_n be_v 41_o ½_n oct._n 8_o the_o height_n be_v 42_o ½_n oct._n 15_o the_o height_n be_v 46_o nou._n 2_o the_o height_n be_v 54_o nou._n 5_o the_o height_n be_v 58_o jan._n 10_o the_o height_n be_v 70_o there_o be_v no_o sensible_a alteration_n in_o the_o gage_n when_o the_o frost_n be_v most_o severe_a though_o the_o grape_n and_o their_o juice_n be_v freeze_v sept._n 21._o the_o grape_n be_v little_o alter_v and_o the_o mercury_n not_o much_o high_a the_o receiver_n be_v open_v and_o the_o grape_n though_o more_o pungent_a have_v not_o lose_v their_o taste_n but_o their_o juice_n preserve_v its_o red_a colour_n hence_o it_o appear_v that_o grape_n yield_v not_o all_o their_o air_n in_o a_o little_a time_n experiment_n viii_o august_n 10._o 77._o vacuo_fw-la pear_n in_o vacuo_fw-la pear_n cut_v in_o two_o be_v include_v in_o a_o vacuum_n about_o evening_n the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v 10_o digit_n aug._n 11_o it_o rise_v to_o 20_o aug._n 13_o it_o rise_v to_o 38_o aug._n 14_o it_o rise_v to_o 48_o aug._n 15_o it_o rise_v to_o 55_o aug._n 16_o it_o rise_v to_o 60_o aug._n 17_o it_o rise_v to_o 68_o air_n be_v transmit_v it_o subside_v to_o 53_o ½_n aug._n 18_o the_o height_n be_v 61_o aug._n 19_o the_o height_n be_v 64_o aug._n 20_o the_o height_n be_v 70_o aug._n 21_o the_o height_n be_v 72_o air_n be_v transmit_v it_o stand_v at_o 61._o aug._n 22_o the_o height_n be_v 68_o aug._n 23_o the_o height_n be_v 74_o aug._n 24_o the_o height_n be_v 79_o aug._n 25_o the_o height_n be_v 81_o air_n be_v transmit_v it_o sink_v to_o 61._o aug._n 26_o the_o height_n be_v 56_o soem_n get_v out_o be_v transmit_v it_o sink_v to_o 52._o aug._n 27_o the_o height_n be_v 60_o aug._n 28_o the_o height_n be_v 68_o aug._n 29_o the_o height_n be_v 75_o aug._n 30_o the_o height_n be_v 83_o aug._n 31_o the_o height_n be_v 88_o sept._n 1_o the_o height_n be_v 93_o sept._n 2_o the_o height_n be_v 100_o sept._n 3_o the_o height_n be_v 89_o some_o air_n get_v out_o sept._n 4_o the_o height_n be_v 100_o sept._n 5_o the_o height_n be_v 100_o sept._n 7_o the_o height_n be_v 100_o no_o air_n get_v out_o sept._n 9_o the_o height_n be_v 107_o sept._n 10_o the_o height_n be_v 107_o air_n be_v transmit_v it_o sink_v to_o 99_o sept._n 11_o sept._n 13_o the_o height_n be_v 105_o oct._n 8_o air_n get_v out_o pear_n yield_v their_o air_n by_o fit_n article_n xi_o various_a experiment_n experiment_n i._n march_n 16._o receiver_n melt_v lead_v in_o a_o receiver_n lead_v be_v melt_v in_o a_o brass_n vessel_n a_o inch_n and_o ½_n in_o diameter_n it_o be_v convey_v into_o a_o receiver_n and_o the_o air_n pump_v out_o before_o the_o lead_v cool_v when_o it_o be_v cool_v the_o surface_n be_v concave_a especial_o in_o the_o middle_a though_o when_o it_o cool_v in_o open_a air_n the_o surface_n be_v general_o convex_a except_o in_o the_o middle_a the_o same_o success_n happen_v when_o the_o experiment_n be_v make_v with_o tin_n neither_o of_o the_o metal_n afford_v bubble_n experiment_n ii_o sept._n 2._o water_n a_o solution_n of_o salt_n in_o water_n a_o solution_n of_o salt_n in_o water_n be_v convey_v into_o a_o receiver_n sept._n 15._o the_o salt_n be_v not_o christalize_v experiment_n iii_o august_n 8._o 76._o air._n artificial_a air._n artificial_a air_n from_o goosberry_n be_v include_v in_o a_o receiver_n march_n 1._o 7_o 6_o 7._o no_o alteration_n in_o the_o height_n of_o the_o mercury_n experiment_n iu._n august_n 8._o weigh_v air_n weigh_v a_o phial_n which_o be_v large_a enough_o to_o hold_v 7_o ounce_n 5_o drachm_n and_o 3_o grain_n of_o water_n have_v the_o air_n exhaust_v be_v poise_v to_o a_o aequilibrium_fw-la with_o another_o weight_n upon_o which_o a_o piece_n of_o a_o bladder_n which_o cover_v it_o be_v pierce_v with_o a_o needle_n and_o the_o air_n get_v into_o it_o weigh_v 4_o grain_n &_o ½_n which_o weight_n be_v to_o the_o former_a as_o 1_o to_o 814_o so_o that_o water_n be_v 800_o time_n heavy_a than_o air_n of_o the_o same_o bulk_n experiment_n v._n jan._n 16._o 77._o nitre_n aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la and_o fix_v nitre_n aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la and_o fix_a nitre_n be_v mix_v in_o a_o receiver_n together_o yield_v much_o air._n march_n 5._o the_o air_n be_v not_o destroy_v nor_o the_o height_n of_o the_o mercury_n alter_v but_o nitre_n be_v produce_v in_o vacuo_fw-la from_o the_o mixture_n experiment_n vi._n may_v 12._o 76._o vacuo_fw-la several_a body_n in_o vacuo_fw-la a_o phial_n which_o have_v a_o long_a neck_n be_v so_o far_o fill_v with_o oil_n that_o it_o wrought_v up_o to_o the_o middle_n of_o its_o neck_n be_v convey_v into_o a_o receiver_n and_o so_o much_o air_n compress_v into_o it_o as_o raise_v the_o mercury_n 120_o inch_n above_o the_o usual_a height_n the_o surface_n of_o the_o oil_n subsided_a ¾_n of_o a_o inch_n be_v condense_v by_o cold_a which_o be_v evident_a since_o the_o compress_v air_n be_v let_v out_o the_o surface_n rise_v not_o again_o august_n 5._o the_o same_o experiment_n be_v make_v with_o water_n there_o be_v no_o sensible_a alteration_n in_o the_o height_n of_o its_o surface_n though_o the_o heat_n may_v have_v give_v reason_n to_o expect_v some_o change_n jan._n 14._o 78._o a_o glass_n phial_n be_v fill_v with_o spirit_n of_o wine_n till_o it_o rise_v within_o 3_o inch_n of_o the_o top_n of_o its_o neck_n be_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o my_o hand_n cause_v to_o rife_a to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o vessel_n which_o be_v then_o invert_v into_o a_o vessel_n full_a of_o mercury_n and_o my_o hand_n remove_v the_o cold_a spirit_n admit_v 3_o inch_n of_o mercury_n into_o its_o neck_n yet_o be_v convey_v into_o a_o receiver_n and_o so_o much_o air_n compress_v into_o it_o as_o raise_v 90_o digit_n of_o mercury_n the_o spirit_n be_v not_o in_o the_o least_o condense_v by_o compression_n though_o cold_a have_v such_o a_o considerable_a effect_n on_o it_o when_o the_o receiver_n be_v open_v there_o be_v no_o appearance_n of_o bubble_n in_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n it_o will_v be_v worth_a while_n to_o consider_v why_o cold_a shall_v have_v such_o a_o considerable_a effect_n in_o condense_a spirit_n and_o why_o it_o can_v be_v condense_v by_o compression_n experiment_n vii_o may_v 12._o 76._o turpentine_n spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n some_o spirit_n of_o wine_n contain_v in_o a_o glass_n vessel_n with_o some_o drop_n of_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n upon_o it_o be_v brisk_o move_v about_o till_o the_o receiver_n be_v exhaust_v they_o stick_v to_o several_a bubble_n which_o rise_v out_o of_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o be_v by_o they_o carry_v to_o the_o side_n of_o the_o vessel_n where_o they_o be_v keep_v except_o 2_o drop_n which_o the_o bubble_n leave_v behind_o upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o spirit_n which_o whilst_o the_o receiver_n be_v exhaust_v continue_v their_o motion_n but_o in_o a_o little_a time_n after_o be_v whole_o at_o rest_n yet_o upon_o a_o re-ingress_n of_o air_n they_o for_o a_o little_a while_n renew_v their_o motion_n again_o the_o same_o experiment_n be_v repeat_v with_o spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n
suspend_v by_o a_o wire_n in_o the_o neck_n in_o 2_o ½_n hour_n we_o find_v it_o dead_a and_o with_o much_o ado_n recover_v when_o air_n be_v blow_v in_o with_o a_o pair_n of_o bellows_o the_o seal_a end_n of_o the_o glass_n be_v break_v off_o the_o station_n of_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o receiver_n be_v not_o alter_v experiment_n ii_o the_o same_o experiment_n be_v try_v with_o a_o small_a bird_n in_o half_a a_o hour_n it_o be_v sick_a and_o droop_a and_o in_o 2_o ½_n hour_n a_o difficulty_n of_o breathe_v gradual_o increase_v it_o die_v the_o gage_n be_v not_o sensible_o alter_v experiment_n iii_o to_o show_v that_o it_o be_v not_o a_o defect_n of_o cold_a in_o a_o exhaust_a receiver_n that_o kill_v animal_n include_v in_o it_o we_o hermetical_o seal_v a_o small_a bird_n in_o a_o receiver_n large_a enough_o to_o hold_v 3_o quart_n of_o water_n in_o a_o few_o minute_n it_o begin_v to_o be_v sick_a and_o pant_v and_o continue_v so_o half_a a_o hour_n the_o viol_n be_v immerse_v 6_o minute_n in_o water_n refrigerated_a with_o a_o solution_n of_o sal_fw-la armon_n but_o the_o bird_n be_v not_o refresh_v it_o vomit_v and_o purge_v when_o take_v out_o of_o the_o water_n and_o continue_v to_o pant_v as_o before_o in_o a_o hour_n from_o her_o first_o imprisonment_n die_v title_n vi_o of_o the_o use_n of_o the_o air_n to_o elevate_v steam_n of_o body_n it_o the_o usefulness_n of_o air_n to_o raise_v steam_n from_o body_n contiguous_a to_o it_o to_o prove_v that_o the_o air_n carry_v off_o the_o fuliginous_a steam_n from_o the_o lung_n in_o respiration_n we_o prepare_v a_o red_a liquor_n consist_v of_o such_o saline_n and_o spirituous_a part_n as_o the_o mass_n of_o blood_n yield_v this_o liquor_n well_o stop_v up_o in_o a_o bottle_n though_o it_o be_v but_o half_a full_a emit_v no_o steam_n but_o when_o the_o external_n air_n come_v to_o it_o it_o emit_v white_a exhalation_n which_o rise_v up_o into_o the_o air._n whence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o contact_n of_o the_o air_n may_v enable_v body_n to_o emit_v vapour_n in_o this_o liquor_n there_o be_v two_o thing_n worth_a our_o notice_n the_o first_o be_v that_o when_o the_o viol_n have_v lie_v quiet_a and_o stop_v a_o competent_a time_n the_o upper_a part_n will_v appear_v void_a of_o fume_n so_o that_o the_o air_n will_v retain_v but_o a_o certain_a quantity_n which_o may_v help_v to_o give_v a_o reason_n why_o the_o same_o air_n which_o will_v be_v clog_v with_o steam_n in_o a_o short_a time_n become_v unfit_a for_o respiration_n the_o second_o be_v that_o in_o vacuo_fw-la for_o want_n of_o air_n though_o the_o bottle_n be_v unstop_v these_o exhalation_n will_v not_o rise_v but_o as_o soon_o as_o it_o be_v let_v into_o the_o receiver_n they_o rise_v up_o plentiful_o be_v draw_v out_o along_o with_o the_o air_n a_o second_o time_n exhaust_v this_o experiment_n have_v some_o affinity_n with_o that_o mention_v in_o the_o 29_o of_o the_o experiment_n of_o the_o spring_n and_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n in_o the_o first_o volume_n that_o be_v make_v with_o corrosive_a ingredient_n and_o this_o of_o medicine_n good_a for_o the_o lung_n title_n xvii_o of_o the_o long_a continuance_n of_o a_o slow-worm_n and_o a_o leech_n alive_a in_o the_o vacuum_n make_v by_o our_o engin._n experiment_n i._n vacuo_fw-la a_o slow-worm_n and_o a_o leech_n alive_a in_o vacuo_fw-la white_a snail_n without_o their_o shell_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o vacuo_fw-la have_v store_n of_o bubble_n stick_v to_o they_o but_o they_o put_v out_o and_o draw_v in_o their_o horn_n at_o pleasure_n in_o some_o hour_n they_o become_v void_a of_o motion_n and_o tumid_a and_o in_o the_o space_n of_o twelve_o hour_n seem_v like_o blow_a bladder_n the_o substance_n of_o their_o body_n be_v consume_v the_o external_n air_n be_v let_v in_o they_o sink_v together_o like_o two_o skin_n no_o sign_n of_o life_n appear_v experiment_n ii_o aneft_v be_v include_v in_o a_o exhaust_v receiver_n 48_o hour_n it_o seem_v swell_v in_o its_o belly_n it_o be_v under_o jaw_n move_v the_o first_o night_n but_o not_o after_o the_o receiver_n be_v open_v under_o water_n and_o half_o fill_v the_o animal_n be_v very_o much_o revive_v experiment_n iii_o a_o leech_n be_v include_v with_o a_o little_a water_n in_o a_o receiver_n large_a enough_o to_o hold_v 12_o ounce_n when_o the_o air_n be_v pump_v out_o the_o leech_n keep_v under_o water_n several_a bubble_n rise_v from_o distinct_a part_n of_o its_o body_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o much_o indispose_v it_o continue_v well_o five_o day_n by_o open_v the_o receiver_n under_o water_n i_o find_v that_o it_o have_v be_v all_o the_o time_n well_o exhaust_v title_n xviii_o of_o what_o happen_v to_o some_o creep_v infect_v in_o our_o vacum_fw-la experiment_n i._n six_o caterpillar_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o vacuo_fw-la two_o hour_n after_o vacuo_fw-la creep_v infect_v in_o vacuo_fw-la move_v up_o and_o down_o 8_o hour_n after_o they_o seem_v quite_o dead_a but_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n in_o the_o morning_n be_v alive_a experiment_n ii_o caterpillar_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o two_o receiver_n to_o one_o we_o add_v the_o air_n which_o be_v draw_v out_o of_o the_o other_o receiver_n those_o which_o have_v air_n with_o they_o be_v alive_a two_o day_n the_o other_o in_o vacuo_fw-la seem_v dead_a in_o a_o little_a time_n title_n xix_o of_o the_o phaenomena_n suggest_v by_o wing_v infect_v in_o our_o vacum_fw-la experiment_n i._n vacuo_fw-la winge_a infect_v in_o vacuo_fw-la flesh-flies_a who_o head_n be_v cut_v off_o be_v include_v in_o a_o portable_a receiver_n furnish_v with_o a_o large_a pipe_n and_o a_o bubble_n at_o the_o end_n of_o it_o when_o the_o air_n be_v draw_v out_o they_o lose_v their_o motion_n two_o hour_n after_o fire_v not_o be_v able_a to_o excite_v motion_n in_o they_o i_o let_v in_o the_o air_n and_o then_o they_o begin_v to_o move_v and_o be_v observe_v to_o move_v the_o next_o morning_n experiment_n ii_o several_a ordinary_a fly_n and_o a_o bee_n or_o wasp_n lay_v as_o if_o dead_a in_o the_o exhaust_a receiver_n except_o some_o which_o for_o a_o few_o minute_n be_v convulsive_a after_o 48_o hour_n they_o neither_o recover_v when_o expose_v to_o the_o open_a air_n nor_o the_o meridian_n sun_n experiment_n iii_o a_o great_a flesh_n fly_v be_v put_v into_o a_o portable_a receiver_n be_v very_o brisk_a and_o lively_a till_o the_o air_n be_v draw_v off_o but_o then_o be_v take_v with_o convulsion_n the_o air_n be_v let_v in_o again_o she_o recover_v but_o it_o be_v a_o second_o time_n exhaust_v she_o lay_v as_o dead_a till_o the_o glass_n be_v stir_v and_o then_o she_o move_v a_o little_a the_o next_o night_n after_o neither_o heat_n nor_o any_o thing_n else_o will_v recover_v she_o of_o a_o long_a time_n but_o at_o the_o last_o when_o she_o be_v well_o be_v shut_v up_o again_o 48_o hour_n and_o place_v in_o a_o warm_a place_n she_o grow_v so_o ill_a as_o to_o be_v past_a recovery_n experiment_n iu._n a_o grass-hopper_n who_o body_n be_v a_o inch_n long_o be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o oval_a receiver_n large_a enough_o to_o hold_v a_o pint_n when_o the_o pump_n be_v first_o ply_v he_o be_v very_o uneasy_a and_o several_a liquid_a drop_n come_v from_o his_o abdomen_fw-la to_o the_o quantity_n of_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o spoonful_n when_o the_o receiver_n be_v pretty_a well_o exhaust_v he_o fall_v on_o his_o back_n and_o lay_v as_o dead_a but_o the_o receiver_n be_v place_v in_o the_o sunshine_n he_o move_v a_o little_a and_o soon_o after_o lay_v as_o dead_a 3_o hour_n but_o the_o receiver_n be_v open_v and_o place_v after_o he_o seem_v dead_a half_n a_o hour_n some_o time_n in_o the_o sun_n beam_n in_o a_o short_a time_n he_o recover_v experiment_n v._n a_o rose-flie_a be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o receiver_n struggle_v much_o whilst_o the_o receiver_n be_v exhaust_v but_o in_o 6_o hour_n time_n seem_v dead_a the_o receiver_n be_v open_v four_o hour_n after_o the_o beetle_n be_v lively_a enough_o the_o receiver_n be_v a_o second_o time_n exhaust_v the_o animal_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n seem_v much_o disquiet_v experiment_n vi._n several_a butterfly_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o vacuo_fw-la be_v not_o able_a to_o fly_v in_o so_o thin_a a_o medium_fw-la but_o when_o the_o receiver_n be_v invert_v will_v fall_v from_o one_o end_n to_o another_o rude_o enough_o title_n xx._n of_o the_o necessity_n of_o air_n to_o the_o motion_n of_o such_o small_a creature_n as_o aunt_n and_o even_a mite_n themselves_o animal_n air_n requisite_a to_o the_o life_n of_o very_a minute_n animal_n have_v be_v shut_v up_o in_o vacuo_fw-la in_o seven_o hour_n time_n seem_v dead_a but_o the_o receiver_n be_v open_v about_o 14_o
perpendicular_a to_o the_o horizon_n and_o the_o low_a end_n of_o it_o immerse_v in_o water_n this_o do_v we_o cover_v the_o ball_n of_o the_o bolt-head_n with_o a_o mixture_n of_o beat_a ice_n and_o bay-salt_n upon_o which_o the_o internal_a air_n be_v condense_v the_o water_n rise_v up_o into_o the_o stem_n and_o stand_v a_o good_a while_n then_o have_v make_v a_o mark_n at_o its_o high_a station_n we_o fill_v the_o vessel_n with_o water_n and_o find_v that_o it_o yield_v â¥_o 19_o and_o Êuj_fw-la the_o weight_n of_o the_o water_n which_o fill_v the_o stem_n up_o to_o the_o mark_n being_n â¥_o j_o and_o Êiij_fw-la by_o which_o number_n the_o former_a be_v divide_v the_o quotient_n be_v 14_o 4_o 11_o drachm_n so_o that_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o two_o quantity_n be_v as_o 11_o to_o 158_o the_o space_n into_o which_o the_o air_n be_v condense_v be_v to_o it_o be_v former_a space_n as_o 147_o to_o 158_o so_o that_o the_o high_a degree_n of_o condensation_n it_o be_v then_o capable_a of_o make_v it_o lose_v of_o its_o former_a extent_n 11_o 158._o n._n b._n first_o the_o stem_n of_o the_o glass_n ought_v to_o be_v long_o lest_o the_o water_n upon_o the_o air_n be_v condensation_n shall_v rise_v into_o the_o ball_n of_o it_o second_o the_o cylinder_n of_o water_n be_v two_o foot_n so_o that_o it_o may_v by_o its_o weight_n in_o some_o measure_n hinder_v the_o ascent_n of_o more_o and_o so_o keep_v the_o air_n from_o condense_v to_o its_o utmost_a three_o when_o the_o water_n rise_v as_o high_a as_o it_o well_o can_v we_o observe_v it_o to_o rise_v and_o fall_v alternate_o for_o a_o little_a time_n four_o the_o air_n may_v thus_o be_v further_o condense_v than_o by_o winter_n cold._n but_o to_o show_v that_o in_o the_o forego_v experiment_n the_o cold_a do_v not_o compress_v the_o air_n immediate_o but_o partly_o in_o as_o much_o as_o it_o by_o stuff_v up_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o water_n cause_v it_o to_o swell_v and_o so_o to_o compress_v the_o air_n i_o take_v a_o new_a glass_n bolt-head_n with_o a_o short_a neck_n and_o fill_v it_o full_a of_o water_n so_o that_o when_o it_o be_v hermetical_o seal_v up_o the_o liquor_n wrought_v within_o 3_o inch_n of_o the_o top_n the_o sharp_a end_n which_o be_v make_v for_o the_o conveniency_n of_o seal_v be_v ¼_n of_o a_o inch_n long_o this_o be_v do_v the_o bolt-head_n be_v place_v in_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n upon_o which_o the_o water_n ascend_v and_o compress_v the_o air_n into_o the_o conical_a part_n upon_o which_o the_o glass_n fly_v in_o piece_n in_o which_o experiment_n according_a to_o dr._n wallis_n his_o estimate_n the_o air_n be_v compress_v into_o a_o 40th_o part_n of_o the_o space_n it_o possess_v before_o which_o be_v considerable_a above_o the_o utmost_a compressure_n make_v in_o windgun_n where_o it_o be_v usual_o think_v not_o to_o be_v compress_v into_o less_o than_o a_o 15_o and_o according_a to_o mersennus_n into_o a_o 8_o part_n of_o its_o former_a space_n chap._n xi_o of_o the_o admirable_o differ_v extension_n of_o the_o same_o quantity_n of_o air_n rarefy_v and_o compress_v air._n the_o admirable_a different_a extension_n of_o the_o same_o quantity_n of_o air._n the_o first_o thing_n i_o shall_v take_v notice_n of_o concern_v the_o different_a degree_n of_o the_o air_n be_v rarefaction_n and_o condensation_n be_v that_o in_o our_o climate_n though_o cold_a will_v not_o condense_a it_o near_o into_o a_o 20_o part_n of_o the_o space_n it_o possess_v before_o yet_o it_o may_v be_v expanded_a to_o 70_o time_n that_o space_n second_o the_o air_n may_v be_v much_o more_o condense_v and_o rarify_v by_o our_o engine_n than_o by_o heat_n or_o cold_a the_o proportion_n in_o respect_n of_o expansion_n be_v as_o 1_o to_o 70._o but_o three_o perhaps_o the_o proportion_n betwixt_o the_o degree_n of_o the_o air_n be_v condensation_n and_o rarefaction_n will_v not_o be_v think_v so_o great_a as_o what_o we_o have_v mention_v if_o we_o consider_v that_o the_o air_n we_o make_v experiment_n with_o here_o below_o be_v so_o much_o compress_v already_o by_o the_o incumbent_a atmosphere_n that_o for_o that_o reason_n it_o be_v more_o incline_v by_o its_o spring_n to_o yield_v to_o a_o expansive_a than_o a_o compressive_a force_n four_o it_o may_v be_v question_v how_o the_o part_n of_o the_o air_n which_o have_v a_o specific_a gravity_n come_v to_o be_v spread_v so_o thin_a in_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o exhaust_a receiver_n since_o there_o be_v nothing_o in_o it_o for_o they_o to_o swim_v in_o and_o to_o bear_v they_o up_o since_o the_o proportion_n be_v so_o great_a betwixt_o the_o part_n of_o the_o air_n and_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o receiver_n they_o be_v contain_v in_o five_o it_o be_v not_o a_o little_a wonderful_a that_o air_n shall_v be_v so_o subject_a to_o vary_v its_o dimension_n so_o that_o if_o we_o consider_v how_o far_o it_o may_v be_v expanded_a without_o the_o assistance_n of_o art_n elaborate_a engine_n or_o heat_n the_o top_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n must_v be_v extreme_o rare_a to_o conclude_v if_o we_o compare_v the_o utmost_a degree_n of_o condensation_n and_o rarefaction_n together_o the_o same_o portion_n of_o air_n may_v possess_v 520000_o time_n the_o space_n at_o one_o time_n that_o it_o do_v at_o another_o chap._n xii_o new_a experiment_n about_o the_o weaken_a spring_n and_o unheeded_a effect_n of_o the_o air_n communicate_v in_o the_o philos_fw-la transact_v of_o decemb._n 75._o to_o try_v whether_o as_o some_o corrosion_n of_o body_n in_o close_a vessel_n increase_v the_o spring_n of_o the_o air_n so_o other_o may_v not_o weaken_v it_o and_o likewise_o to_o discover_v whether_o some_o effect_n of_o the_o air_n may_v not_o depend_v on_o some_o unheeded_a quality_n i_o make_v the_o follow_a experiment_n which_o i_o shall_v lay_v down_o when_o i_o shall_v have_v make_v some_o trial_n the_o change_n of_o colour_n in_o solution_n of_o copper_n by_o the_o influence_n of_o the_o air._n experiment_n i._n copper_n change_v of_o colour_n in_o a_o solution_n of_o copper_n file_n of_o crude_a copper_n be_v put_v into_o a_o crystal_n glass_n of_o a_o conical_a figure_n with_o as_o much_o spirit_n of_o salt_n as_o stand_v a_o finger_n breadth_n above_o the_o file_n we_o cover_v the_o vessel_n with_o a_o stopple_n exact_o adapt_v to_o it_o upon_o a_o solution_n of_o the_o copper_n the_o colour_n of_o the_o liquor_n be_v a_o dark_a brown_n but_o it_o soon_o lose_v that_o colour_n and_o be_v clear_a again_o like_o common_a water_n but_o when_o by_o take_v out_o the_o stopple_n the_o liquor_n be_v again_o expose_v to_o the_o air_n it_o first_o acquire_v a_o brown_a colour_n upon_o the_o top_n and_o that_o penetrate_a deep_a into_o the_o liquor_n by_o degree_n it_o in_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n be_v whole_o tinge_v with_o a_o brown_a colour_n again_o and_o so_o it_o successive_o lay_v down_o and_o re-acquired_a that_o colour_n as_o it_o be_v stop_v up_o or_o expose_v to_o the_o air_n till_o at_o the_o last_o be_v keep_v up_o a_o month_n it_o keep_v the_o brown_a colour_n it_o have_v acquire_v in_o the_o air_n unaltered_a experiment_n ii_o a_o bottle_n of_o the_o same_o liquor_n with_o the_o former_a and_o which_o be_v much_o clear_a be_v expose_v to_o the_o open_a air_n in_o half_a a_o hour_n time_n be_v not_o in_o the_o least_o alter_v but_o the_o vessel_n be_v again_o close_v up_o for_o two_o or_o three_o hour_n it_o acquire_v a_o faint_a green_n and_o the_o glass_n be_v again_o unstop_v 24_o hour_n the_o green_n be_v deep_a enough_o but_o not_o very_o transparent_a experiment_n iii_o about_o 3_o spoonful_n of_o the_o brown_a tincture_n of_o copper_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o receiver_n capable_a of_o hold_v ten_o time_n as_o much_o it_o retain_v its_o colour_n half_o a_o year_n in_o vacuo_fw-la and_o then_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n it_o acquire_v a_o green_a in_o about_o a_o hour_n without_o the_o precipitation_n of_o any_o muddy_a sediment_n experiment_n iu._n some_o of_o the_o aforementioned_a tincture_n be_v leave_v a_o considerable_a time_n in_o a_o window_n lose_v its_o colour_n and_o appear_v like_o common_a water_n but_o towards_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o december_n be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n it_o acquire_v a_o faint_a and_o moderate_o transparent_a green_n experiment_n v._n wine_n file_n of_o copper_n and_o spirit_n of_o wine_n file_n of_o copper_n and_o as_o much_o rectify_v spirit_n of_o fermented_a urine_n as_o rise_v a_o inch_n above_o they_o be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o conical_a glass_n with_o a_o mercurial_a gage_n in_o some_o hour_n the_o mercury_n in_o the_o seal_a leg_n be_v depress_v experiment_n vi._n a_o gage_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o
to_o be_v slight_v or_o sudden_o lay_v aside_o since_o several_a accident_n may_v intervene_v in_o the_o air_n on_o which_o those_o may_v depend_v as_o we_o know_v though_o tide_n general_o ebb_v and_o flow_v so_o as_o to_o answer_v the_o theory_n give_v of_o they_o yet_o by_o fierce_a wind_n and_o great_a land-flood_n the_o regular_a course_n of_o they_o have_v often_o be_v alter_v chap._n xviii_o a_o new_a experiment_n and_o other_o instance_n of_o the_o efficacy_n of_o the_o air_n be_v moisture_n moisture_n the_o efficacy_n of_o the_o air_n be_v moisture_n that_o the_o moisture_n of_o the_o air_n have_v have_v considerable_a effect_n on_o subject_n far_o less_o tender_a and_o curious_o contrive_v than_o man_n body_n will_v appear_v from_o what_o follow_v and_o that_o the_o moisture_n of_o the_o air_n have_v a_o considerable_a influence_n and_o usual_o a_o bad_a one_o may_v well_o be_v argue_v from_o the_o effect_n we_o have_v take_v notice_n of_o on_o several_a part_n of_o animal_n and_o that_o the_o skin_n of_o animal_n be_v sufficient_o prepare_v to_o receive_v such_o effluvium_n appear_v from_o what_o i_o have_v before_o observe_v viz._n that_o sheep_n leather_n be_v make_v use_n of_o for_o a_o hygroscope_n plentiful_o imbibe_v the_o moisture_n of_o the_o air_n and_o even_o bladder_n which_o by_o nature_n be_v make_v impervious_a to_o urine_n be_v so_o dispose_v to_o imbibe_n the_o moisture_n of_o the_o air_n that_o the_o membranous_a part_n put_v into_o a_o pair_n of_o scale_n and_o counterpoise_v make_v a_o good_a hygroscope_n and_o not_o only_o these_o but_o lute-string_n which_o be_v make_v of_o the_o twist_a gut_n of_o animal_n and_o even_o bones_o the_o most_o solid_a part_n of_o human_a body_n will_v so_o far_o imbibe_n the_o moisture_n of_o the_o air_n as_o to_o swell_v considerable_o nor_o be_v animal_n body_n alone_o capable_a of_o have_v their_o pore_n penetrate_v by_o the_o moisture_n of_o the_o air_n but_o it_o insinuate_v itself_o into_o inanimate_a body_n and_o swell_v the_o solid_a part_n of_o wood_n and_o even_o polish_v marble_n be_v observe_v to_o be_v so_o plentiful_o stock_v with_o moist_a vapour_n as_o evident_o to_o sweat_v nay_o even_o the_o air_n itself_o be_v not_o without_o vapour_n and_o moist_a part_n disperse_v through_o it_o in_o the_o heat_n of_o summer_n which_o will_v appear_v from_o the_o follow_a experiment_n have_v fill_v a_o bottle_n with_o water_n and_o four_o ounce_n of_o sal_fw-la armon_n we_o counterpoise_v it_o in_o a_o pair_n of_o scale_n and_o in_o a_o hour_n time_n so_o many_o moist_a particle_n in_o the_o air_n be_v condense_v by_o this_o frigorifick_a mixture_n that_o they_o first_o appear_v in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o dew_n on_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o glass_n and_o then_o run_v down_o the_o side_n of_o the_o vessel_n till_o that_o scale_n preponderate_v and_o weigh_v a_o drachm_n more_o than_o the_o other_o but_o to_o proceed_v to_o instance_n which_o show_v the_o force_n and_o efficacy_n of_o moist_a vapour_n when_o they_o penetrate_v solid_a body_n it_o be_v no_o weak_a argument_n of_o their_o efficacy_n that_o we_o observe_v that_o by_o the_o powerful_a insinuation_n of_o moisture_n the_o string_n of_o musical_a instrument_n be_v swell_v and_o break_v nor_o be_v it_o in_o considerable_a that_o door_n and_o door-case_n be_v so_o swell_v in_o rainy_n wether_n as_o to_o open_v and_o shut_v with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o uneasiness_n moisture_n marchasite_n burst_v by_o the_o air_n be_v moisture_n beside_o which_o instance_n i_o have_v observe_v a_o piece_n of_o wood_n to_o increase_v considerable_o in_o its_o weight_n in_o rainy_a wether_n and_o i_o be_o tell_v it_o be_v usual_a for_o musical_a instrument_n to_o grow_v out_o of_o tune_n not_o only_o the_o wooden_a but_o the_o metalline_a pipe_n of_o organ_n be_v apt_a to_o swell_v in_o wet_a wether_n and_o not_o only_o by_o the_o help_n of_o rain_n but_o the_o moisture_n of_o the_o air_n marchasite_n have_v be_v swell_v and_o burst_v asunder_o which_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o believe_v because_o i_o have_v observe_v vitriolate_a efflorescence_n upon_o the_o surface_v of_o shine_a marchasite_n cause_v by_o the_o action_n of_o external_a moisture_n on_o they_o and_o the_o moisture_n of_o the_o air_n have_v so_o powerful_o penetrate_v some_o marchasitical_a substance_n that_o they_o have_v burst_v asunder_o whereupon_o it_o appear_v that_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o vitriol_n be_v generate_v within_o their_o substance_n than_o without_o to_o conclude_v what_o i_o have_v to_o say_v on_o this_o subject_a i_o shall_v add_v the_o follow_a experiment_n to_o assist_v a_o virtuoso_fw-la to_o make_v a_o estimate_n in_o know_a measure_n of_o the_o mechanical_a force_n of_o the_o aerial_a moisture_n i_o cause_v a_o rope_n about_o 22_o yard_n long_o to_o be_v fasten_v at_o a_o convenient_a height_n to_o a_o immovable_a body_n and_o then_o have_v fix_v a_o poultry_n to_o another_o stable_a body_n about_o 18_o yard_n distant_a from_o the_o former_a the_o rope_n lie_v upon_o the_o poultry_n be_v betwixt_o both_o almost_o in_o a_o horizontal_a posture_n but_o to_o that_o end_n of_o the_o rope_n which_o hang_v down_o from_o the_o poultry_n towards_o the_o ground_n be_v fix_v a_o weight_n of_o 50_o pound_n and_o to_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o that_o a_o index_n which_o be_v place_v horizontal_o point_v to_o a_o board_n which_o be_v divide_v into_o inch_n and_o part_n of_o inch_n that_o we_o may_v discover_v the_o better_a the_o ascent_n and_o descent_n of_o it_o upon_o change_n of_o wether_n when_o the_o weight_n have_v stretch_v the_o rope_n as_o much_o as_o it_o can_v i_o observe_v that_o in_o one_o rainy_a night_n the_o weight_n be_v raise_v five_o inch_n but_o the_o next_o day_n prove_v a_o dry_a day_n it_o be_v depress_v low_a than_o before_o but_o a_o heavy_a weight_n be_v make_v use_n of_o instead_o of_o the_o former_a june_n four_o in_o a_o hour_n and_o quarter_n the_o hundred_o weight_n be_v raise_v ¼_n of_o a_o inch._n the_o sky_n be_v cloudy_a but_o without_o rain_n june_n 6_o in_o the_o night_n which_o be_v cloudy_a it_o be_v raise_v about_o 3_o inch_n and_o a_o hour_n after_o that_o observation_n be_v make_v it_o rise_v half_a a_o inch_n more_o from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o force_n of_o the_o air_n be_v moisture_n be_v considerable_a since_o the_o rope_n that_o by_o its_o assistance_n raise_v the_o weight_n be_v but_o about_o the_o three_o part_n of_o a_o inch_n diameter_n be_v 3_o 10_o and_o 4_o decimal_a part_n of_o 1_o 10._o chap_n xix_o of_o some_o unheeded_a cause_n of_o the_o insalubrity_n and_o salubrity_n of_o the_o air_n etc._n etc._n vapour_n the_o insalubrity_n and_o salubrity_n of_o the_o air_n depend_v on_o subterraneal_a vapour_n among_o the_o several_a cause_n on_o which_o the_o salubrity_n and_o insalubrity_n of_o the_o air_n depend_v subterraneal_a effluvia_fw-la be_v in_o effect_n most_o considerable_a which_o differ_v not_o only_o according_a to_o their_o respective_a nature_n but_o according_a to_o place_n and_o time_n according_a to_o place_n as_o they_o ascend_v from_o the_o superficial_a or_o deep_a part_n of_o the_o terraqueous_a globe_n according_a to_o time_n such_o as_o ascend_v daily_o and_o may_v be_v term_v ordinary_a emission_n or_o only_o at_o distant_a time_n the_o latter_a of_o which_o may_v be_v term_v periodical_a and_o sometime_o fortuitous_a or_o irregular_a but_o notwithstanding_o the_o vapour_n which_o rise_v from_o the_o earth_n may_v be_v distinguish_v by_o these_o distinction_n yet_o since_o nature_n offer_v her_o phaenomena_n not_o so_o distinct_a but_o confuse_o and_o together_o i_o shall_v sometime_o consider_v the_o terraqueous_a steam_n in_o the_o more_o general_a notion_n with_o reference_n to_o each_o of_o the_o member_n of_o this_o distinction_n but_o that_o i_o may_v deliver_v what_o i_o have_v to_o say_v more_o distinct_o i_o shall_v lay_v it_o down_o in_o the_o follow_a proposition_n proposition_n proceed_v under_o the_o follow_a proposition_n have_v first_o observe_v that_o the_o insalubrity_n of_o marish_a and_o the_o salubrity_n of_o sandy_a ground_n may_v depend_v on_o some_o effluvia_fw-la which_o act_n not_o mere_o or_o principal_o as_o they_o be_v moist_a or_o dry._n proposition_n i._n the_o first_o proposition_n be_v 1._o prop._n 1._o that_o it_o seem_v probable_a that_o in_o divers_a place_n the_o salubrity_n or_o insalubrity_n of_o the_o air_n consider_v in_o general_a may_v be_v in_o good_a part_n due_a to_o subterraneal_a expiration_n especial_o to_o those_o i_o call_v ordinary_a emission_n which_o may_v contribute_v to_o the_o preserve_n of_o health_n either_o by_o promote_a respiration_n or_o by_o correct_v noxious_a particle_n in_o the_o air_n and_o check_v morbific_a ferment_n and_o indeed_o if_o we_o consider_v what_o a_o great_a variety_n of_o body_n beside_o
it_o become_v very_o violent_a referentes_fw-la balbini_n hist_o bohem._n l._n 1._o c._n 9_o demontibus_fw-la &_o the_o valle_o lavezka_n p._n 29._o chanowsky_n in_o vestigio_fw-la boh._n piae_fw-la c._n ult_n montes_n parte_fw-la eltera_fw-la aestatem_fw-la altera_fw-la hicmem_fw-la referentes_fw-la de_fw-fr montibus_fw-la ad_fw-la bavariam_n stantibus_fw-la mira_fw-la est_fw-la alberti_fw-la chanowii_fw-la nostri_fw-la narratio_fw-la post_fw-la bergreichensteinam_fw-la oppidum_fw-la fodinis_fw-la hodieque_fw-la nobile_fw-la esse_fw-la montes_fw-la non_fw-la tam_fw-la situ_fw-la alii_fw-la enim_fw-la ad_fw-la septentrionem_fw-la alii_fw-la ad_fw-la meridiem_fw-la latus_fw-la obvertunt_fw-la quam_fw-la coelo_fw-la &_o temporibus_fw-la adversantes_fw-la vallibus_fw-la latissimis_fw-la montes_fw-la illos_fw-la dirimentibus_fw-la monstri_fw-la instar_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la se_fw-la vidisse_fw-la &_o anno_fw-la 1639._o in_fw-la rem_fw-la praesentem_fw-la venisse_fw-la religiosissimus_fw-la ille_fw-la &_o apostolicus_n vir_fw-la asserit_fw-la in_fw-la altero_fw-la monte_fw-fr saepius_fw-la aestatem_fw-la in_fw-la altero_fw-la apposito_fw-la hiemem_fw-la dominari_fw-la it_o a_o ille_fw-la succus_fw-la aestivat_fw-la hic_fw-la altissimis_fw-la nivibus_fw-la obsitus_fw-la à _fw-la viatore_fw-la superari_fw-la non_fw-la potest_fw-la ob_fw-la eamque_fw-la causam_fw-la mess_n ipsae_fw-la variant_n &_o dumb_a in_o montibus_fw-la ad_fw-la nos_fw-la obversis_fw-la demessa_fw-la sunt_fw-la omne_fw-la ibid._n id._n ibid._n altera_fw-la montium_fw-la parte_fw-la seges_fw-la virescit_fw-la mirius_n illud_fw-la quod_fw-la in_o biessinentibus_fw-la &_o czachroviensibus_fw-la agris_fw-la in_o tractu_fw-la plsnensi_fw-la contiguis_fw-la quos_fw-la unus_fw-la tantum_fw-la sulcus_fw-la dirimit_fw-la ac_fw-la dividit_fw-la deprehenditur_fw-la czachrovienses_fw-la adhuc_fw-la hibernant_a cum_fw-la in_o biessinensi_fw-la coelum_fw-la ardeat_fw-la ibi_fw-la caput_fw-la attollit_fw-la humo_fw-la frumentum_fw-la cum_fw-la czachrovii_n adolescit_fw-la in_o culmum_fw-la clemento_fw-la quoque_fw-la dispari_fw-la illud_fw-la riget_fw-la hoc_fw-la tepet_fw-la &_o ferveâ_n eâque_fw-la ex_fw-la causâ_fw-la dum_fw-la czachrovienses_fw-la bene_fw-la pelliti_fw-la ingrediuntur_fw-la biessinenses_n pellibus_fw-la onerari_fw-la se_fw-la sentiunt_fw-la villosque_fw-la deponunt_fw-la aliquid_fw-la tale_n anno_fw-la 1652._o mihi_fw-la quoque_fw-la accidisse_fw-la memini_fw-la nam_fw-la cum_fw-la glacio_fw-la zambergam_fw-la in_o bohemia_n contenderem_fw-la &_o glacio_fw-la ob_fw-la nives_fw-la altissimas_fw-la certum_fw-la vehiculi_fw-la genus_fw-la quod_fw-la trahas_fw-la dicimus_fw-la sumpsissem_fw-la superatis_fw-la montibus_fw-la qui_fw-la comitatum_fw-la glacensem_fw-la à _fw-la bohemia_n dividunt_fw-la subitò_fw-la alia_fw-la rerum_fw-la facies_fw-la apparuit_fw-la altero_fw-la enim_fw-la montium_fw-la latere_fw-la viridia_fw-la omne_fw-la reperimus_fw-la sic_fw-la ut_fw-la trahae_n nulli_fw-la jam_fw-la rei_fw-la &_o usui_fw-la essent_fw-la &_o currum_fw-la petere_fw-la cogeremur_fw-la nisi_fw-la in_o luto_fw-la natare_fw-la placuisset_fw-la at_o accolae_fw-la montium_fw-la illorum_fw-la quotannis_fw-la id_fw-la sibi_fw-la accidere_fw-la confirmabant_fw-la ut_fw-la unum_fw-la latus_fw-la montium_fw-la profundissimae_fw-la nives_fw-la contegerent_n quando_fw-la alterum_fw-la latus_fw-la lectissimos_fw-la flores_fw-la proferret_fw-la &_o cum_fw-la ibi_fw-la omne_fw-la ventis_fw-la verti_fw-la viderentur_fw-la apud_fw-la se_fw-la è_fw-la floribus_fw-la suavissimos_fw-la odores_fw-la efflari_fw-la i_o be_v tell_v by_o a_o gentleman_n who_o several_a time_n go_v down_o into_o the_o hungarian_a gold_n mine_n at_o cremonitz_n that_o when_o he_o be_v draw_v up_o the_o groove_n which_o be_v about_o 100_o foot_n deep_a as_o soon_o as_o he_o ascend_v half_o the_o way_n he_o perceive_v the_o air_n sensible_o warm_a which_o continue_v several_a foot_n near_o the_o day_n in_o which_o region_n he_o observe_v several_a vein_n of_o native_a vitriol_n of_o different_a colour_n which_o be_v soft_a under_o ground_n and_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o open_a air_n present_o harden_v under_o the_o torrid_a zone_n the_o mariner_n i_o be_o tell_v hang_v up_o their_o bottle_n of_o liquor_n in_o a_o linen_n cloth_n that_o the_o wind_n may_v blow_v upon_o it_o by_o which_o mean_v it_o will_v be_v cool_v enough_o to_o make_v it_o fit_a for_o drink_v the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v so_o violent_a in_o some_o part_n of_o moscovy_n norway_n and_o especial_o at_o mozambique_n that_o it_o often_o set_v the_o very_a house_n on_o fire_n which_o i_o the_o less_o wonder_n at_o in_o the_o latter_a place_n because_o they_o build_v their_o house_n with_o a_o stone_n that_o abound_v with_o sulphur_n viu._n when_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o the_o zenith_n the_o sandy_a ground_n be_v so_o hot_a that_o they_o can_v scarce_o endure_v to_o tread_v on_o it_o vn_fw-fr gentilhomme_fw-fr de_fw-fr mes_fw-fr s_n plein_fw-fr de_fw-fr merit_n &_o digne_fw-fr de_fw-fr creance_n i_o man_v entre_fw-fr plusieures_fw-fr choses_fw-fr extraordinaires_fw-fr qu'il_fw-fr a_fw-fr obseruées_fw-fr proche_n de_fw-fr barege_fw-la aux_fw-fr pyrenées_n qu'il_fw-fr y_fw-fr a_fw-fr des_fw-fr pont_n de_fw-fr niege_n d'un_fw-fr rocher_n à _fw-fr lautre_fw-fr pardessous_fw-fr les_fw-fr quell_v passent_fw-la des_fw-fr torrent_n il_fw-fr en_fw-fr a_fw-fr vu_fw-fr un_fw-fr qui_fw-fr embrace_v deux_fw-fr torrent_n &_o qui_fw-la a_o vint_fw-fr neuf_fw-fr toise_n de_fw-fr long_a &_o autant_fw-fr de_fw-fr large_a par_fw-fr dessus_fw-fr il_fw-fr y_fw-fr a_fw-fr par_fw-fr dessous_fw-fr ce_fw-fr pont_n neuf_fw-fr toise_n &_o demie_fw-fr entre_fw-fr les_fw-fr naissance_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr voute_fw-fr les_fw-fr pont_n sont_fw-fr tellement_fw-fr fort_n qu'_fw-fr il_fw-fr estime_fw-fr que_fw-fr du_fw-fr canon_n y_fw-fr passeroit_fw-fr &_o il_fw-mi a_o fait_fw-fr rouler_n de_fw-fr gross_v piece_n par_fw-fr dessus_fw-fr le_fw-fr tremblement_n de_fw-fr terre_fw-fr que_fw-fr souffrit_fw-fr la_fw-fr syrie_n l'an_n 750._o ne_fw-fr fut_fw-fr gueres_fw-la moins_fw-fr surprenant_fw-fr puisque_fw-fr la_fw-fr terre_fw-fr s'estant_n ouverte_fw-fr de_fw-fr toutes_fw-fr part_n plusieurs_fw-fr villis_fw-la furent_fw-fr abîmèes_fw-la d'autres_fw-fr renversées_fw-fr &_o quelques_fw-fr unes_fw-fr qui_fw-fr estoient_fw-fr eleuées_fw-fr sur_fw-fr des_fw-fr hauteure_n transportées_fw-fr dans_fw-fr des_fw-fr plain_n eloignées_fw-fr de_fw-fr six_o mille_fw-la de_fw-fr leur_fw-fr situation_n on_o en_fw-fr peut_fw-fr dire_fw-fr autant_fw-fr du_fw-fr froid_fw-fr extreme_a qui_fw-fr l'an_n 753._o glaça_v le_fw-fr pont-euxin_n a_o la_fw-fr longueur_fw-fr de_fw-fr cent_n mille_fw-la &_o toute_fw-fr l'estendue_a de_fw-fr la_fw-fr mer_fw-fr voisine_n jusq_fw-la '_o à _fw-fr 30_o condées_fw-fr de_fw-fr profondeur_fw-fr quoy_fw-fr qu'on_n ne_fw-fr fût_fw-fr encore_fw-fr qu'au_fw-fr commencement_n de_fw-fr l'automne_n journal_n de_fw-fr scavans_n iii_o 1685._o it_o be_v the_o custom_n at_o guinea_n to_o cool_v their_o water_n by_o bury_v it_o all_o night_n under_o ground_n and_o on_o the_o contrary_a in_o some_o place_n it_o be_v so_o excessive_a cold_a that_o in_o the_o wood_n it_o will_v freeze_v our_o eyelid_n the_o outside_n of_o the_o house_n will_v be_v half_o cover_v with_o snow_n and_o icicles_a will_v hang_v on_o the_o inside_n the_o clothes_n on_o our_o bed_n will_v be_v cover_v with_o a_o hoar_a frost_n and_o water_n which_o stand_v near_o the_o fire_n will_v have_v one_o side_n hot_a and_o the_o other_o freeze_v the_o sea_n will_v be_v freeze_v up_o till_o the_o beginning_n of_o june_n and_o the_o ground_n till_o the_o beginning_n of_o july_n capt._n james_n i_o be_v tell_v by_o one_o who_o ascend_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o picinino_n de_fw-fr medi_fw-la a_o pyrenean_n mountain_n that_o though_o the_o north_n side_n be_v coveree_v with_o snow_n yet_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sunshine_n can_v scarce_o be_v endure_v on_o the_o south_n side_n this_o hill_n be_v so_o high_a that_o it_o may_v be_v see_v from_o montauban_n 27_o league_n distant_a a_o ingenious_a physician_n tell_v i_o that_o though_o jalap_v at_o tangier_n may_v be_v reduce_v to_o powder_n yet_o at_o morocco_n it_o be_v so_o melt_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o air_n as_o to_o become_v incapable_a of_o be_v powder_v nell_n capo_fw-la di_fw-it comorino_fw-it si_fw-la termina_fw-la cosi_fw-la in_o esta_fw-es come_v in_o inverno_fw-la dalla_fw-la parte_fw-la di_fw-it la_fw-fr dal_n capo_fw-la verso_fw-it notte_fw-it &_o dal'altra_fw-la parte_fw-la correspond_v illi_fw-la ââmpo_fw-la assai_fw-la contrario_fw-la è_fw-it eiverso_fw-it di_fw-it maniera_fw-fr che_fw-it chi_fw-mi va_fw-fr navigando_fw-la per_fw-la quella_fw-it costae_fw-la nel_fw-it mese_fw-it di_fw-it ottobre_n sino_fw-la ad_fw-la aprile_a naviga_fw-la nel_fw-it esta_fw-es è_fw-gr non_fw-it pvo_fw-it in_fw-it tutto_fw-mi questo_fw-la tempo_fw-la passare_fw-la il_fw-fr capo_fw-la per_fw-la esser_fw-it ivi_fw-la la_fw-it stagione_fw-la del_fw-it inverno_fw-it &_o il_fw-fr puere_fw-fr i_o resiede_n nelle_fw-it chies_n ch'_fw-it appartengono_fw-it all_o capo_n di_fw-fr comorino_n ne_fw-fr alcune_fw-fr la_fw-fr state_n il_fw-it che_fw-it e_fw-it cosa_fw-mi di_fw-it grand_fw-mi meraviglia_fw-it essendo_fw-la cio_o nel_fw-it medessimo_fw-la tempo_fw-it nella_fw-it distanza_n sola_fw-la ment_fw-la di_fw-it due_n o_o three_fw-mi miglia_fw-it a_o eminent_a virtuoso_fw-la descend_v into_o a_o mine_n in_o tirol_n 1800_o foot_n deep_a without_o take_v notice_n of_o any_o hot_a region_n by_o the_o way_n and_o at_o the_o bottom_n the_o air_n be_v so_o temperate_a that_o notwithstanding_o what_o be_v say_v of_o antiperistasis_n no_o intense_a cold_a be_v retreat_v thither_o to_o shun_v the_o heat_n of_o the_o superior_a air._n one_o that_o descend_v into_o several_a mine_n in_o england_n
spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o when_o they_o be_v well_o mix_v and_o grow_v cold_a again_o if_o they_o be_v distil_v over_o together_o they_o yield_v a_o acid_a corrosive_a spirit_n of_o a_o vinous_a taste_n and_o a_o please_a smell_n experiment_n xii_o to_o imitate_v by_o art_n and_o sometime_o even_o in_o mineral_n the_o peculiar_a taste_n of_o natural_a body_n and_o even_o vegetable_n imitate_v natural_a taste_n artificial_o imitate_v whatever_o be_v the_o plastic_a agent_n in_o the_o formation_n of_o body_n of_o each_o distinct_a species_n to_o show_v that_o the_o nature_n of_o they_o depend_v on_o mechanical_a principle_n i_o endeavour_v to_o imitate_v natural_a taste_n artificial_o endeavour_v to_o alter_v the_o taste_n smell_v etc._n etc._n of_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n and_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n i_o obtain_v a_o liquor_n which_o though_o at_o the_o first_o pleasant_a will_v at_o a_o certain_a point_n of_o time_n taste_v like_o garlic_n and_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v that_o mustardseed_n put_v into_o cider_n to_o give_v it_o a_o brisk_a taste_n make_v it_o stink_v like_o garlic_n and_o semen_n dauci_fw-la ferment_v with_o beer_n or_o ale_n make_v it_o relish_v of_o limon-pill_n if_o gold_n be_v dissolve_v in_o a_o mixture_n of_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la and_o spirit_n of_o salt_n and_o the_o experiment_n be_v make_v hasty_o one_o may_v obtain_v a_o solution_n or_o a_o salt_n of_o a_o austere_n taste_v like_a slow_v and_o the_o like_a taste_n i_o have_v observe_v in_o gold_n volatilise_v or_o dissolve_v without_o any_o tincture_n at_o all_o the_o last_o instance_n i_o shall_v make_v use_n of_o be_v this_o take_v a_o Êj_fw-la of_o orris_n root_n slice_v and_o infuse_v it_o in_o a_o pint_n of_o canary_n or_o malaga_n sack_n till_o it_o have_v give_v it_o the_o desire_a taste_n and_o smell_v and_o then_o keep_v it_o in_o a_o cool_a place_n the_o same_o method_n be_v take_v with_o claret-wine_n and_o cochinele_n the_o tincture_n be_v take_v for_o good_a rasberry-wine_n some_o of_o which_o retain_v its_o taste_n 2_o or_o 3_o year_n a_o short_a excursion_n about_o some_o change_n of_o taste_n make_v by_o maturation_n maturation_n taste_v produce_v by_o maturation_n that_o several_a fruit_n after_o they_o be_v gather_v acquire_v a_o great_a degree_n of_o maturity_n after_o they_o be_v separate_v from_o have_v any_o communion_n with_o the_o soul_n of_o the_o tree_n be_v beyond_o doubt_n since_o it_o be_v not_o only_o observe_v in_o england_n that_o apple_n and_o medlar_n become_v mellow_a after_o they_o be_v gather_v but_o the_o fruit_n call_v bananas_n in_o the_o east-indies_n be_v gather_v green_a and_o hang_v up_o to_o acquire_v a_o great_a degree_n of_o maturity_n and_o to_o ripen_v by_o degree_n and_o thereby_o undergo_v a_o change_n both_o in_o colour_n and_o taste_n and_o this_o i_o be_o tell_v have_v be_v often_o find_v true_a in_o america_n and_o that_o the_o texture_n and_o consistence_n of_o fruit_n may_v be_v much_o alter_v and_o vary_v by_o the_o influence_n of_o outward_a agent_n mechanical_o work_v upon_o they_o be_v evident_a in_o cherry_n which_o undergo_v a_o sensible_a alteration_n by_o a_o small_a bruise_v by_o which_o the_o part_n be_v force_v to_o work_v one_o upon_o another_o and_o another_o instance_n we_o have_v in_o warden_n set_v to_o roast_v in_o the_o ash_n and_o i_o have_v see_v a_o sort_n of_o pear_n betwixt_o france_n and_o savoy_n which_o be_v stew_v a_o while_n in_o a_o moderate_a heat_n will_v be_v reduce_v to_o a_o juicy_a substance_n of_o a_o lovely_a red_a colour_n and_o very_o sweet_a and_o luscious_a to_o the_o taste_n and_o some_o pear_n by_o a_o moderate_a compressure_n will_v lose_v their_o hardness_n and_o acquire_v a_o yield_a contexture_n and_o a_o pleasant_a taste_n but_o not_o only_o vegetable_a but_o more_o stubborn_a salt_n may_v be_v alter_v by_o a_o intestine_a motion_n of_o their_o own_o part_n when_o dissolve_v in_o water_n so_o as_o to_o become_v of_o a_o peculiar_a and_o a_o pleasant_a taste_n and_o how_o in_o vegetable_n by_o a_o intestine_a commotion_n of_o the_o saporifick_a part_n a_o new_a taste_n may_v be_v produce_v be_v evident_a in_o juice_n of_o grape_n which_o from_o a_o sweet_a and_o spiritless_a liquor_n become_v a_o spirituous_a wine_n and_o after_o that_o a_o sharp_a vinegar_n without_o any_o addition_n chap._n ii_o experiment_n and_o observation_n concern_v the_o mechanical_a production_n of_o odour_n to_o show_v that_o not_o only_a taste_n but_o likewise_o odour_n may_v be_v mechanical_o produce_v i_o shall_v lay_v down_o the_o follow_a experiment_n experiment_n i._o with_o two_o body_n neither_o of_o they_o odorous_a to_o produce_v immediate_o a_o strong_a vrinous_a smell_n body_n a_o smell_v produce_v from_o inodorous_a body_n this_o will_v succeed_v if_o good_a quicklime_n and_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a be_v ground_n together_o experiment_n ii_o by_o the_o bare_a addition_n of_o common_a water_n to_o produce_v immediate_o a_o very_a strong_a smell_n in_o a_o body_n that_o have_v no_o such_o before_o body_n a_o smell_v renew_v by_o a_o inodorous_a body_n if_o a_o good_a quantity_n of_o camphire_n be_v dissolve_v in_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n the_o gum_n will_v lose_v its_o scent_n but_o by_o a_o infusion_n of_o cold_a water_n the_o camphire_n will_v emerge_n and_o smell_v strong_a as_o before_o experiment_n iii_o of_o produce_v some_o odour_n each_o of_o they_o quite_o different_a from_o that_o of_o any_o of_o the_o ingredient_n ingredient_n odour_n produce_v different_a from_o those_o of_o the_o ingredient_n two_o part_n of_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n be_v gradual_o mix_v with_o one_o of_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n the_o clear_a liquor_n which_o they_o afford_v by_o distillation_n in_o a_o sand_n furnace_n smell_v very_o strong_a of_o sulphur_n and_o not_o of_o turpentine_n what_o remain_v behind_o in_o the_o retort_n be_v force_v for_o the_o most_o part_n over_o in_o the_o form_n partly_o of_o a_o oil_n and_o partly_o of_o a_o butter_n they_o smell_v like_o distil_a oil_n of_o bees-wax_n experiment_n iv_o of_o the_o production_n of_o some_o odour_n by_o local_a motion_n i_o know_v several_a body_n inodorous_a which_o be_v considerable_o hot_a emit_v not_o odorous_a effluvia_fw-la yet_o be_v put_v into_o a_o peculiar_a kind_n of_o agitation_n emit_v a_o strong_a smell_n and_o some_o wood_n yield_v a_o powerful_a scent_n whilst_o in_o a_o turner_n leath_n which_o before_o be_v not_o odoriferous_a as_o lignum_fw-la vitæ_fw-la and_o beech-wood_n the_o latter_a yield_v a_o fragrant_a smell_n much_o like_o rose_n experiment_n v._o by_o mix_v a_o good_a proportion_n of_o a_o very_a strong_a scent_v body_n with_o a_o inodorous_a one_o to_o deprive_v it_o speedy_o of_o all_o its_o umell_n if_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la not_o too_o much_o dephlegm_v be_v pour_v upon_o salt_n of_o tartar_n till_o they_o cease_v to_o ferment_n this_o liquor_n evaporate_v will_v yield_v crystal_n like_o salt_n petre_n but_o if_o distil_a or_o burn_v they_o yield_v very_o offensive_a fume_n experiment_n vi_o by_o put_v a_o very_a strong_a stink_a body_n to_o another_o of_o a_o smell_v not_o sweet_a to_o produce_v a_o mixture_n of_o a_o pleasant_a and_o strong_o aromatic_a odour_n this_o phaenomenon_n be_v afford_v by_o the_o liquor_n prepare_v in_o the_o xi_o experiment_n of_o the_o precede_a chapter_n experiment_n vii_o by_o digest_v two_o body_n neither_o of_o they_o well_o scent_v to_o produce_v body_n of_o a_o very_a subtle_a and_o strong_a fragrant_a odour_n some_o ounce_n of_o vitriol_n digest_v with_o ssj_fw-la of_o spanish_a wine_n afford_v this_o phaenomenon_n experiment_n viii_o by_o the_o bare_a addition_n of_o a_o body_n almost_o inodorous_a and_o not_o well_o scent_v to_o give_v a_o pleasant_a and_o aromatic_a smell_n to_o spirit_n of_o wine_n equal_a part_n of_o oil_n of_o dantzick_n vitriol_n and_o inflammable_a spirit_n of_o wine_n be_v digest_v together_o about_o a_o month_n and_o then_o be_v distil_v yield_v a_o very_a fragrant_a spirit_n which_o be_v sometime_o so_o subtle_a that_o though_o distil_v with_o a_o gentle_a heat_n in_o a_o tall_a glass_n it_o will_v sill_z the_o elaboratory_n with_o fume_n whence_o we_o may_v learn_v how_o much_o a_o mineral_n sulphur_n may_v be_v ennoble_v with_o a_o vegetable_a sulphur_n and_o how_o much_o new_a coalition_n and_o contexture_n may_v alter_v the_o odour_n of_o body_n experiment_n ix_o to_o make_v the_o forementioned_a fragrant_a body_n without_o addition_n of_o fire_n degenerate_a into_o the_o rank_a smell_n of_o garliek_n smell_v a_o fragrant_a body_n turn_v into_o one_o of_o a_o garlic_n smell_v the_o odiferous_a liquor_n mentioin_v in_o the_o precede_a experiment_n be_v keep_v in_o a_o bottle_n close_o stop_v in_o a_o little_a time_n acquire_v a_o garlic_n smell_v and_o the_o like_a smell_n i_o have_v perceive_v in_o a_o oil_n distil_v from_o vegetable_a and_o mineral_n subtance_n salt_n
both_o weaken_n the_o spirit_n on_o which_o it_o fall_v for_o as_o crimson_a be_v a_o red_a with_o a_o eye_n of_o blue_a so_o yellow_a be_v but_o a_o dilate_a red_a and_o therefore_o alkalizated_a salt_n will_v not_o only_o restore_v the_o infusion_n of_o cochinele_n and_o brasil_n to_o crimson_a but_o will_v turn_v the_o yellow_a juice_n of_o mad_a red_n and_o a_o infusion_n of_o brasil_n to_o a_o crimson_a and_o here_o it_o may_v be_v worth_a while_n to_o consider_v why_o blue_a and_o purple_a seem_v to_o be_v deep_a colour_n than_o red_a and_o therefore_o the_o juice_n of_o plant_n of_o either_o of_o the_o two_o former_a colour_n may_v be_v turn_v red_a by_o spirit_n of_o salt_n or_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la yet_o syrup_n of_o violet_n shall_v be_v on_o the_o contrary_a turn_v green_a by_o oil_n of_o tartar_n and_o spirit_n of_o urine_n which_o be_v a_o more_o dilute_a colour_n than_o blow_v experiment_n xxxviii_o salt_n distil_v at_o a_o certain_a time_n of_o the_o operation_n yield_v red_a fume_n and_o vitriol_n though_o green_a or_o blue_a come_v over_o in_o white_a fume_n and_o the_o like_a i_o have_v observe_v in_o the_o fume_n of_o several_a other_o concretes_n and_o i_o have_v observe_v that_o even_o soot_n have_v fill_v the_o receiver_n with_o white_a fume_n yet_o neither_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n be_v red_a nor_o that_o of_o vitriol_n or_o soot_n white_a and_o to_o these_o observation_n we_o may_v add_v that_o the_o empyreumatical_a oil_n of_o wood_n be_v of_o a_o colour_n betwixt_o black_a and_o red_a and_o though_o there_o be_v so_o great_a a_o difference_n in_o the_o colour_n of_o plant_n yet_o the_o distil_a liquor_n vary_v not_o and_o it_o be_v observe_v in_o sublimation_n that_o the_o flower_n differ_v much_o in_o colour_n from_o the_o fume_n that_o compose_v they_o as_o red_a benzoin_n yield_v white_a flower_n and_o antimony_n afford_v flower_n some_o of_o they_o red_a and_o some_o grace_n and_o some_o of_o they_o pure_o white_a and_o it_o be_v the_o practice_n of_o some_o glass_n man_n to_o make_v a_o blue_a sublimate_n of_o a_o convenient_a proportion_n of_o brimstone_n sal_fw-la ammoniac_a and_o quicksilver_n and_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o orpiment_n which_o be_v a_o yellow_a substance_n yield_v a_o sublimate_n among_o which_o several_a red_a fume_n ascend_v and_o i_o have_v see_v a_o sublimate_n who_o low_a part_n be_v set_v with_o red_a particle_n which_o glitter_v pretty_o experiment_n thirty-nine_o if_o good_a spirit_n of_o urine_n be_v drop_v into_o a_o tincture_n or_o a_o infusion_n of_o the_o flower_n of_o pomegranate_n the_o red_a will_v be_v turn_v into_o a_o green_a colour_n but_o by_o spirit_n of_o sea-slat_n it_o will_v become_v come_v a_o transparent_a liquor_n which_o red_a may_v be_v ture_v into_o a_o dirty_a green_n by_o spirit_n of_o urine_n oil_n of_o tartar_n be_v drop_v into_o water_n wherein_o leave_v of_o senna_n be_v immerse_v it_o present_o appear_v red_a but_o the_o same_o will_v not_o happen_v upon_o a_o affusion_n of_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n yet_o red_a rose_n leave_v be_v put_v in_o warm_a water_n oil_n of_o vitriol_n extract_v a_o red_a tincture_n but_o oil_n of_o tartar_n will_v not_o but_o we_o observe_v that_o the_o oil_n of_o tartar_n only_o hasten_v the_o tincture_n of_o the_o senna_n since_o the_o leave_n in_o a_o night_n time_n will_v yield_v a_o tincture_n in_o cold_a water_n which_o will_v not_o be_v heighten_v by_o salt_n of_o tartar_n and_o it_o may_v be_v say_v of_o the_o red_a rose_n leave_v that_o the_o tincture_n be_v rather_o extract_v than_o produce_v by_o the_o oil_n yet_o this_o be_v observable_a that_o in_o extract_v the_o tincture_n the_o one_o will_v not_o do_v what_o the_o other_o will_v but_o i_o have_v find_v that_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la will_v do_v as_o well_o as_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n if_o upon_o the_o red_a tincture_n of_o rose_n decant_v you_o drop_v spirit_n of_o urine_n and_o shake_v the_o viol_n it_o be_v contain_v in_o it_o will_v acquire_v a_o greenish_a blue_n which_o be_v observable_a since_o the_o turn_n of_o red_a into_o blue_a be_v a_o very_a unfrequent_a observation_n and_o in_o the_o passage_n of_o this_o red_a tincture_n to_o a_o blue_a if_o it_o be_v take_v as_o the_o liquor_n be_v dropp'n_a in_o it_o will_v afford_v a_o pretty_a variety_n of_o colour_n so_o as_o sometime_o to_o represent_v the_o tincture_n of_o lignum_fw-la nephriticum_fw-la and_o if_o the_o tincture_n be_v very_o high_a the_o spirit_n of_o urine_n will_v turn_v it_o to_o a_o deep_a opacous_a blue_a but_o the_o liquor_n be_v leave_v open_a two_o or_o three_o day_n both_o the_o blue_a and_o the_o red_a colour_n vanish_v the_o liquor_n be_v of_o a_o amber_n colour_n and_o have_v a_o feculent_a sediment_n of_o the_o same_o colour_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v form_v of_o the_o rose_n draw_v together_o by_o the_o acid_n and_o precipitate_v by_o the_o volatile_a salt_n of_o the_o spirit_n of_o urine_n in_o who_o room_n other_o sulphureous_a salt_n may_v be_v substitute_v and_o on_o this_o occasion_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o have_v drop_v spirit_n of_o urine_n into_o a_o infusion_n of_o gall_n it_o present_o turn_v the_o red_a liquor_n into_o a_o purple_a one_o but_o if_o the_o infusion_n of_o logwood_n be_v impregnate_v with_o acid_a spirit_n of_o salt_n it_o will_v yield_v neither_o a_o red_a nor_o a_o purple_a but_o a_o yellow_a liquor_n experiment_n xl._n to_o show_v that_o colour_n may_v be_v generate_v de_fw-la novo_fw-la and_o again_o destroy_v we_o drop_v oil_n of_o tartar_n into_o a_o solution_n of_o sublimate_n in_o water_n and_o the_o liquor_n be_v agitate_a it_o be_v turn_v into_o a_o deep_a orange_n colour_n but_o upon_o drop_v in_o some_o drop_n of_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n and_o continue_v to_o shake_v the_o glass_n strong_o the_o whole_a will_n present_o become_v transparent_a again_o in_o which_o the_o colour_n result_v from_o a_o coalition_n of_o the_o mercurial_a particle_n with_o the_o saline_a one_o and_o with_o the_o alkalizate_a particle_n of_o the_o salt_n of_o tartar_n which_o swim_v up_o and_o down_o in_o the_o oil_n but_o how_o these_o unite_n come_v to_o form_v such_o a_o substance_n as_o reflect_v such_o a_o colour_n i_o confess_v myself_o at_o a_o loss_n to_o explain_v but_o in_o confirmation_n of_o the_o reason_n i_o have_v give_v for_o the_o colour_n of_o this_o precipitate_v i_o shall_v add_v that_o have_v sublime_v together_o equal_a part_n of_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a and_o sublimate_n and_o dissolve_v the_o ascend_a flower_n in_o water_n and_o siltre_v it_o the_o limpid_a liquor_n turn_v white_a upon_o the_o affusion_n of_o a_o alkaly_n and_o not_o yellow_a and_o not_o only_o by_o alter_v the_o texture_n of_o the_o mercury_n but_o by_o vary_v the_o precipitate_v liquor_n the_o success_n of_o the_o experiment_n will_v be_v different_a for_o if_o spirit_n of_o urine_n be_v make_v use_n of_o instead_o of_o salt_n of_o tartar_n the_o precipitate_v will_v be_v of_o a_o different_a colour_n from_o the_o former_a and_o from_o quicksilver_n itself_o without_o sublimate_n we_o may_v prepare_v a_o pricipitate_a dissoluble_a in_o water_n without_o discolour_v it_o and_o the_o colour_n of_o such_o substance_n so_o much_o depend_v on_o the_o texture_n of_o the_o part_n concur_v to_o the_o composition_n that_o though_o in_o our_o experiment_n oil_n of_o vitriol_n destroy_v the_o yellow_a colour_n yet_o by_o the_o assistance_n of_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n we_o may_v make_v a_o yellow_a precipitate_v with_o quicksilver_n and_o water_n alone_o and_o i_o the_o rather_o employ_v oil_n of_o vitriol_n in_o such_o experiment_n because_o it_o be_v not_o only_o void_a of_o colour_n but_o strong_a and_o incisive_a for_o notwithstanding_o common_a and_o undephlegm_v aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la will_v not_o effect_v the_o same_o thing_n yet_o be_v careful_o dephlegm_v it_o will_v in_o some_o measure_n answer_v expectation_n but_o one_o thing_n to_o be_v note_v in_o this_o experiment_n be_v that_o though_o by_o drop_v in_o oil_n of_o tartar_n and_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n successive_o the_o liquor_n will_v regain_v and_o lose_v its_o yellow_a colour_n yet_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o liquor_n grow_v less_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o successive_a additional_a drop_n the_o yellow_a colour_n will_v gradual_o appear_v more_o faint_a a_o improvement_n of_o the_o forty_o experiment_n if_o crude_a antimony_n be_v boil_v in_o a_o strong_a lixivium_n it_o will_v yield_v a_o sulphureous_a sediment_n which_o will_v settle_v in_o yellow_a flake_n in_o the_o bottom_n and_o will_v be_v more_o apt_a to_o take_v fire_n than_o the_o powder_n of_o antimony_n therefore_o consider_v that_o sulphur_n boil_v in_o a_o lixivium_n may_v be_v precipitate_v by_o rhenish_n or_o white_a wine_n and_o likewise_o that_o by_o acid_v i_o can_v precipitate_v other_o sulphureous_a
the_o ground_n and_o excellency_n of_o corpuscular_a philosophi_fw-la have_v in_o the_o preface_n give_v the_o reader_n a_o account_n of_o the_o follow_a sheet_n i_o shall_v by_o way_n of_o introduction_n represent_v the_o ground_n and_o excellency_n of_o the_o corpuscular_a philosophy_n as_o deliver_v by_o our_o author_n and_o first_o it_o have_v this_o to_o recommend_v it_o above_o all_o other_o system_n of_o philosophy_n that_o it_o teach_v we_o not_o as_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o epicurean_o do_v that_o the_o world_n be_v make_v in_o a_o infinite_a vacuum_n by_o a_o casual_a concourse_n of_o atom_n nor_o as_o the_o cartesian_o that_o matter_n first_o put_v into_o motion_n by_o god_n convene_v into_o a_o world_n as_o now_o constitute_v by_o law_n mechanical_a only_o but_o it_o allow_v the_o omnipotent_a creator_n a_o great_a share_n in_o the_o work_v of_o his_o hand_n teach_v that_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o small_a part_n of_o matter_n which_o compose_v the_o universe_n be_v guide_v by_o that_o wise_a architect_n who_o when_o he_o have_v constitute_v the_o world_n establish_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n so_o that_o we_o only_o endeavour_v to_o explain_v those_o as_o now_o constitute_v and_o how_o they_o be_v mechanical_o carry_v on_o in_o do_v of_o which_o it_o account_v for_o the_o several_a phanomena_n of_o nature_n by_o principle_n more_o intelligible_a and_o clear_a than_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o peripatetic_n since_o it_o be_v much_o more_o easy_o understand_v what_o i_o mean_v by_o motion_n or_o rest_n size_n shape_n order_n situation_n and_o a_o contexture_n of_o the_o part_n of_o matter_n than_o by_o fanciful_a idea_n represent_v by_o the_o doctrine_n of_o privation_n substantial_a form_n and_o their_o eduction_n etc._n etc._n nor_o have_v our_o hypothesis_n a_o less_o advantage_n over_o the_o hypostatical_a principle_n of_o the_o chemist_n since_o it_o account_v for_o several_a phaenomena_n which_o they_o be_v at_o a_o loss_n in_o as_o eclipse_n of_o the_o sun_n which_o be_v bring_v on_o and_o remove_v by_o a_o local_a motion_n of_o the_o interfere_a body_n and_o those_o other_o concern_v in_o the_o phaenomenon_n or_o to_o use_v another_o instance_n it_o be_v easy_o understand_v that_o the_o image_n of_o a_o man_n cast_v into_o the_o air_n by_o a_o concave_n spherical_a looking-glass_n be_v more_o natural_o account_v for_o by_o a_o refraction_n of_o the_o ray_n of_o light_n than_o any_o hypostatical_a principle_n but_o beside_o the_o intelligibleness_n of_o our_o principle_n it_o be_v a_o far_a recommendation_n that_o none_o be_v more_o primary_n than_o matter_n and_o motion_n which_o be_v the_o first_o general_n affection_n of_o it_o nor_o can_v any_o be_v more_o simple_a none_o more_o primary_n because_o have_v the_o same_o part_n of_o matter_n be_v always_o in_o the_o same_o place_n they_o can_v not_o be_v diversify_v therefore_o motion_n be_v primary_o necessary_a nor_o can_v any_o be_v more_o simple_a because_o neither_o can_v be_v divide_v into_o part_n of_o a_o different_a denomination_n since_o all_o matter_n be_v equal_o matter_n and_o all_o motion_n must_v bear_v the_o same_o title_n consider_v bare_o as_o motion_n and_o as_o none_o can_v be_v more_o simple_a and_o primary_n so_o none_o can_v be_v more_o comprehensive_a since_o motion_n size_n figure_n order_n and_o texture_n may_v be_v diversify_v thousand_o of_o way_n and_o as_o whole_a library_n be_v make_v of_o twentyfour_o letter_n so_o the_o several_a phaenomena_n of_o nature_n may_v be_v explain_v by_o the_o several_a variety_n of_o texture_n and_o other_o difference_n arise_v from_o the_o various_a change_n our_o principle_n be_v subject_a to_o nor_o be_v the_o most_o obvious_a phaenomena_n of_o nature_n alone_o explain_v by_o our_o hypothesis_n but_o those_o quality_n esteem_v occult_a one_o since_o the_o particle_n which_o be_v concern_v in_o such_o composition_n as_o abound_v with_o occult_a quality_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o same_o law_n and_o capable_a of_o the_o like_a manner_n of_o action_n though_o their_o part_n be_v so_o minute_n as_o to_o make_v their_o modus_fw-la operandi_fw-la indiscernible_a but_o what_o be_v still_o more_o a_o advantage_n in_o our_o hypothesis_n be_v that_o it_o fly_v not_o to_o a_o unknown_a power_n as_o a_o plastic_a one_o or_o a_o anima_fw-la mundi_fw-la who_o operation_n be_v not_o know_v but_o give_v we_o a_o mechanical_a account_n of_o thing_n for_o the_o former_a give_v no_o more_o satisfaction_n than_o if_o one_o be_v tell_v that_o a_o watch_n tell_v the_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n because_o make_v by_o such_o a_o man_n whereas_o the_o true_a reason_n be_v because_o the_o part_n so_o place_v together_o be_v in_o motion_n and_o the_o same_o instance_n may_v serve_v to_o show_v we_o the_o deficiency_n of_o the_o hypostatical_a principle_n beside_o ingredient_n by_o a_o bare_a mixture_n be_v able_a to_o effect_v nothing_o nor_o able_a to_o work_v upon_o each_o other_o without_o motion_n those_o principle_n themselves_o appear_v to_o be_v only_o different_a modes_n of_o matter_n vary_v by_o our_o hypothesis_n to_o conclude_v there_o be_v not_o any_o one_o phaenomenon_n which_o any_o hypothesis_n be_v able_a to_o explain_v but_o a_o more_o intelligible_a account_n may_v be_v give_v by_o the_o follow_v plate_n .1_o vol._n iii_o fig_n 1._o p_o 39_o 4._o p._n 17_o fig_n 5_o p_o 317._o fig_n 6._o p_o 37._o fig_n 2_o p_o 37._o fig_n 7._o p_o 3â_n fig_n 3_o p_o 36._o p_o 314._o p_o 314._o p_o 314._o p_o 314._o plate_n .2_o vol._n iii_o p_o 281._o fig_n 1._o fig_n 2._o p_o 285_o fig_n 3._o p_o 285._o fig_n 4._o p_o 288._o fig_n 5._o p_o 290._o fig_n 6._o p_o 293._o fig_n 8._o p_o 295._o fig_n 7._o p_o 294._o plate_n .3_o vol._n iii_o fig_n 1._o p_o 296_o fig_n 2._o p_o 296._o fig_n 3._o p_o 297._o fig_n 4._o p_o 297._o fig_n 5_o p_o 299._o fig_n 6._o fig_n 7._o p_o 301._o fig_n 8._o plate_n .4_o vol._n iii_o fig_n 1._o p_o 303_o p_o 303._o fig_n 2._o p_o 305_o fig_n 3._o fig_n 4._o p_o 305._o fig_n 5._o p_o 307._o p_o 309_o fig_n 6._o fig_n 7._o p_o 309._o fig_n 8._o p_o 310._o plate_n .5_o vol_n iii_o fig_n 1._o p_o 329._o the_o work_n of_o the_o honourable_a robert_n boil_v esq_n epitomise_v a_o appendix_n to_o book_n iu._n chap._n i._o of_o the_o mechanical_a production_n of_o cold._n to_o make_v it_o appear_v that_o heat_n and_o cold_a cold._n experiment_n concern_v the_o mechanical_a origin_n of_o cold._n which_o be_v general_o esteem_v two_o of_o the_o most_o active_a quality_n may_v be_v mechanical_o produce_v or_o destroy_v by_o a_o bare_a change_n of_o texture_n or_o by_o alteration_n otherwise_o mechanical_o bring_v on_o without_o the_o assistance_n of_o the_o peripatetic_a doctrine_n of_o substantial_a form_n or_o the_o hypostatical_a principle_n of_o the_o chemist_n i_o shall_v subjoin_v the_o follow_a experiment_n experiment_n i._n sal-armoniac_a a_o solution_n of_o sal-armoniac_a have_v dissolve_v salarmoniack_a in_o four_o time_n its_o quantity_n of_o water_n whilst_o the_o mixture_n be_v a_o stir_v and_o the_o salt_n dissolve_v the_o water_n acquire_v such_o a_o degree_n of_o coldness_n as_o to_o congeal_v water_n with_o which_o the_o bottle_n be_v wet_a on_o the_o outside_n into_o ice_n but_o after_o a_o dissolution_n of_o that_o salt_n the_o coldness_n gradual_o decline_v experiment_n ii_o to_o try_v whether_o the_o coldness_n which_o the_o former_a mixture_n acquire_v do_v not_o rather_o proceed_v from_o the_o effect_n which_o the_o water_n have_v on_o the_o saline_a part_n than_o on_o the_o dispersion_n of_o those_o saline_n part_n through_o the_o water_n i_o immerge_v a_o thermoscope_n in_o water_n which_o be_v so_o warm_a as_o to_o make_v the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n ascend_v but_o the_o same_o thermoscope_n be_v remove_v into_o powder_n of_o sal-armoniac_a warm_a it_o ascend_v much_o fast_o yet_o the_o weatherglass_n be_v convey_v into_o the_o liquor_n again_o and_o the_o salt_n pour_v into_o it_o it_o speedy_o begin_v to_o subside_o and_o sink_v a_o division_n and_o ¼_n below_o the_o mark_v it_o stand_v at_o in_o cold_a water_n remain_v at_o that_o station_n a_o considerable_a time_n and_o the_o same_o experiment_n succeed_v when_o try_v a_o second_o time_n experiment_n iii_o have_v immerse_v a_o thermoscope_n in_o spirit_n of_o salt_n i_o pour_v spirit_n of_o fermented_a urine_n leisurely_o upon_o it_o and_o observe_v that_o the_o mixture_n by_o a_o mutual_a conflict_n grow_v hot_a urine_n a_o thermoscope_n immerse_v in_o a_o mixture_n of_o spirit_n of_o salt_n and_o fermented_a urine_n sensible_o raise_v the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n which_o be_v do_v and_o a_o salt_n obtain_v from_o the_o evaporate_v mixture_n not_o much_o unlike_a salarmoniack_a it_o be_v careful_o dry_v and_o be_v put_v into_o water_n in_o which_o a_o thermoscope_n be_v place_v upon_o its_o dissolution_n
vitriol_n pour_v upon_o a_o solution_n of_o sal-armon_a to_o make_v it_o appear_v how_o much_o motion_n and_o texture_n may_v contribute_v to_o the_o production_n of_o cold_a we_o gradual_o add_v twelve_o ounce_n of_o water_n to_o a_o equal_a quantity_n of_o salarmoniack_a and_o whilst_o upon_o a_o dissolution_n of_o the_o salt_n the_o water_n become_v cold_a we_o pour_v in_o twelve_o ounce_n of_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n upon_o which_o the_o mixture_n become_v hot_a where_o it_o be_v not_o a_o little_a strange_a that_o though_o salarmoniack_a in_o either_o of_o these_o liquor_n produce_v cold_a yet_o a_o contrary_a effect_n shall_v happen_v upon_o its_o mixture_n with_o both_o together_o the_o reason_n of_o which_o can_v be_v no_o other_o but_o that_o the_o heat_v produce_v by_o the_o two_o liquor_n overpowr_v the_o degree_n of_o cold_a which_o the_o salt_n be_v able_a otherwise_o to_o produce_v experiment_n ix_o the_o effect_n of_o the_o same_o mixture_n be_v so_o uncertain_a sometime_o that_o i_o have_v observe_v that_o have_v place_v a_o thermometer_n in_o eight_o ounce_n of_o spirit_n of_o verdigrease_n and_o gradual_o put_v in_o two_o ounce_n of_o salt_n of_o tartar_n after_o some_o time_n the_o ingredient_n have_v work_v upon_o each_o other_o with_o a_o copious_a froth_n and_o a_o hiss_a noise_n the_o bottle_n be_v something_o warm_a and_o the_o liquor_n in_o the_o thermometer_n raise_v yet_o another_o salt_n be_v mix_v with_o salt_n of_o tartar_n and_o spirit_n of_o verdigrease_n prepare_v without_o spirit_n of_o vinegar_n and_o spirit_n of_o wine_n pour_v upon_o it_o instead_o of_o a_o incalescence_n a_o considerable_a degree_n of_o coldness_n will_v be_v produce_v experiment_n x._o oil_n of_o vitriol_n and_o water_n shake_v together_o upon_o a_o addition_n of_o salarmoniack_a acquire_v a_o sort_n of_o goolness_n but_o if_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n and_o the_o salt_n be_v first_o mix_v upon_o a_o affusion_n of_o water_n they_o become_v hot_a and_o though_o salt_n 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their_o in_o do_v of_o which_o instead_o of_o liquor_n make_v use_v of_o in_o common_a glass_n we_o employ_v spirit_n of_o wine_n tinge_v with_o cochineal_n open_v by_o the_o most_o volatile_a spirit_n of_o urine_n which_o be_v not_o only_o in_o less_o danger_n of_o be_v freeze_v but_o susceptible_a of_o the_o slight_a degree_n of_o cold_a impress_v upon_o it_o by_o external_a body_n but_o though_o we_o think_v these_o weather-glass_n subject_a to_o few_o exception_n than_o common_a one_o yet_o in_o estimate_v the_o several_a degree_n of_o cold_a we_o look_v upon_o they_o as_o instrument_n to_o be_v employ_v by_o our_o reason_n and_o not_o quite_o exempt_a from_o those_o imperfection_n we_o have_v impute_v to_o weather-glass_n since_o i_o suspect_v that_o some_o sort_n of_o steam_n penetrate_v the_o pore_n of_o the_o glass_n may_v have_v other_o effect_n upon_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n than_o what_o they_o have_v in_o reference_n to_o heat_n and_o cold_a for_o i_o once_o observe_v 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dissolve_v in_o high_o rectify_v spirit_n of_o wine_n or_o in_o other_o sulphereous_a or_o resinous_n concretion_n dissolve_v in_o the_o same_o liquor_n will_v shoot_v into_o fine_a figure_a mass_n in_o cold_a wether_n and_o re-dissolve_a in_o warm_a other_o be_v more_o rude_o congeal_v and_o even_o in_o chemical_a preparation_n of_o hartshorn_n and_o urine_n i_o have_v observe_v that_o sometime_o the_o spirit_n will_v be_v clear_a and_o at_o other_o time_n will_v suffer_v a_o great_a or_o less_o quantity_n of_o salt_n to_o crystallise_v at_o the_o bottom_n according_a to_o the_o various_a alteration_n of_o the_o wether_n in_o point_n of_o heat_n or_o cold._n but_o to_o bring_v instance_n from_o more_o obvious_a liquor_n it_o be_v observe_v in_o some_o part_n of_o france_n by_o the_o watermen_n that_o their_o boat_n will_v carry_v great_a load_v in_o winter_n than_o summer_n and_o on_o freeze_a coast_n in_o several_a country_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o ship_n draw_v less_o water_n 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shall_v allege_v the_o follow_a experiment_n viz._n that_o doctrine_n experiment_n allege_v against_o their_o doctrine_n if_o a_o bolt-head_n with_o a_o long_a stem_n be_v make_v use_n of_o to_o try_v the_o torrecellian_a experiment_n with_o the_o space_n desert_v by_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o bolt-head_n and_o from_o whence_o the_o mercury_n drive_v the_o air_n continue_v void_a the_o pendulous_a cylinder_n remain_v at_o 30_o inch_n without_o offer_v to_o ascend_v to_o prevent_v a_o vacuum_n nor_o will_v the_o quicksilver_n rise_v ¼_n of_o a_o inch_n high_o upon_o the_o application_n of_o cold_a body_n outward_o though_o in_o a_o common_a thermometer_n the_o same_o degree_n of_o cold_a will_v make_v water_n ascend_v several_a inch_n to_o this_o i_o shall_v add_v another_o argument_n take_v from_o the_o consideration_n of_o seal_a weather-glass_n see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 3._o in_o which_o it_o be_v observe_v 3._o see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 3._o that_o the_o air_n 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air_n overpower_v the_o weaken_a spring_n of_o the_o internal_a in_o favour_n of_o this_o opinion_n i_o shall_v add_v the_o follow_a experiment_n 5._o see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 5._o and_o first_o have_v fill_v a_o vial_n capable_a of_o hold_v five_o or_o six_o ounce_n half_a full_a see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 5._o and_o have_v invert_v a_o glass_n tube_n into_o it_o about_o 10_o inch_n long_o much_o big_a than_o a_o swan_n quill_n it_o be_v first_o seal_v at_o one_o end_n and_o fill_v with_o water_n the_o orifice_n of_o the_o vial_n be_v close_v with_o cement_n so_o that_o the_o external_n and_o internal_a air_n have_v no_o communication_n with_o each_o other_o it_o be_v place_v in_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n till_o the_o water_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o vial_n begin_v to_o freeze_v yet_o notwithstanding_o so_o great_a a_o degree_n of_o refrigeration_n the_o water_n in_o the_o tube_n do_v not_o at_o all_o descend_v so_o that_o either_o the_o air_n be_v not_o condense_v by_o cold_a or_o the_o water_n descend_v not_o to_o prevent_v a_o vacuum_n the_o glass_n be_v leave_v in_o this_o posture_n in_o our_o absence_n the_o seal_a end_n of_o the_o pipe_n fly_v off_o be_v beat_v out_o by_o the_o intumescence_n of_o the_o freeze_a water_n have_v fix_v another_o pipe_n as_o the_o former_a which_o be_v some_o inch_n long_o and_o draw_v very_o slender_a at_o the_o seal_a end_n that_o it_o may_v easy_o be_v break_v this_o be_v set_v to_o freeze_v as_o the_o other_o yet_o the_o water_n descend_v not_o but_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o top_n of_o the_o glass-tube_n be_v break_v off_o the_o external_a air_n press_v upon_o the_o water_n and_o by_o the_o intercourse_n of_o that_o upon_o the_o air_n the_o water_n in_o the_o tube_n subside_v 8_o or_o 10_o inch_n but_o rise_v
again_o when_o the_o internal_a air_n be_v rarify_v within_o half_a a_o inch_n of_o the_o top_n and_o then_o the_o apex_n be_v seal_v up_o it_o be_v place_v in_o snow_n and_o salt_n yet_o the_o air_n in_o the_o top_n have_v its_o spring_n so_o weaken_v by_o refrigeration_n that_o it_o be_v not_o able_a to_o depress_v the_o water_n though_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o apex_n be_v break_v off_o it_o subsided_a several_a inch_n the_o external_a air_n press_v upon_o it_o the_o experiment_n be_v a_o three_o time_n reiterated_a with_o 3_o ½_n of_o air_n in_o the_o pipe_n when_o the_o water_n in_o the_o vial_n be_v in_o some_o measure_n freeze_v it_o be_v able_a to_o expand_v itself_o a_o little_a but_o when_o the_o apex_n be_v break_v off_o the_o external_n air_n depress_v the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n two_o inch_n but_o be_v remove_v into_o a_o warm_a room_n it_o ascend_v above_o a_o inch_n high_o than_o the_o uppermost_a level_n have_v put_v so_o much_o water_n into_o a_o vessel_n 6._o see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 6._o such_o as_o plate_n 1_o fig._n 6._o delineates_n as_o be_v able_a to_o fill_v almost_o the_o whole_a tube_n we_o cause_v a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n to_o be_v place_v about_o the_o ball_n of_o it_o yet_o we_o perceive_v not_o the_o water_n in_o the_o least_o to_o rise_v but_o if_o at_o all_o it_o may_v well_o be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o the_o intumescence_n of_o some_o airy_a part_n lodge_v in_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o water_n but_o the_o apex_n of_o the_o tube_n be_v break_v off_o under_o water_n the_o external_n air_n force_v the_o water_n several_a inch_n up_o into_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o pipe_n another_o experiment_n we_o make_v with_o the_o follow_a vessel_n see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 7_o the_o stem_n of_o this_o be_v no_o thick_a than_o a_o raven_n quill_n though_o several_a inch_n long_o 7._o see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 7._o and_o the_o ball_n be_v about_o as_o big_a as_o a_o nutmeg_n we_o drop_v a_o few_o drop_n of_o water_n into_o the_o stem_n which_o be_v suspend_v there_o betray_v very_o slight_a change_n in_o the_o rarefaction_n or_o condensation_n of_o the_o internal_a air._n watch_v therefore_o when_o the_o air_n within_o have_v raise_v the_o bubble_n up_o to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o stem_n we_o immediate_o seal_v it_o up_o and_o observe_v that_o though_o the_o seal_a glass_n be_v place_v in_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n the_o bubble_n do_v not_o in_o the_o least_o subside_n but_o if_o the_o apex_n of_o the_o stem_n be_v break_v off_o the_o bubble_n of_o water_n will_v be_v sometime_o depress_v so_o low_o as_o to_o fall_v into_o the_o ball_n of_o the_o weatherglass_n and_o what_o be_v further_o remarkable_a be_v that_o when_o the_o liquor_n be_v descend_v if_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tube_n be_v seal_v up_o the_o water_n will_v immediate_o stop_v at_o the_o place_n it_o rest_v at_o when_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v take_v off_o where_o it_o will_v continue_v till_o the_o stem_n be_v break_v open_a again_o and_o then_o the_o water_n will_v be_v further_o depress_v as_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v able_a to_o overpower_v the_o resistance_n make_v by_o the_o internal_a air._n have_v make_v use_n of_o such_o a_o vessel_n as_o fig._n 7._o plate_n 1._o represent_v and_o convey_v a_o pretty_a quantity_n of_o water_n into_o both_o the_o leg_n 7._o see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 7._o we_o seal_v up_o the_o end_n of_o the_o bend_a stem_n leave_v so_o much_o air_n above_o it_o as_o we_o think_v convenient_a which_o be_v do_v we_o place_v the_o ball_n of_o it_o in_o a_o frame_n in_o which_o the_o tube_n hang_v down_o we_o can_v cover_v the_o round_a ball_n with_o snow_n and_o salt_n upon_o which_o the_o air_n in_o the_o stem_n be_v able_a to_o expand_v itself_o so_o far_o that_o the_o water_n in_o the_o long_a leg_n be_v raise_v the_o length_n of_o a_o barleycorn_n high_o than_o before_o and_o depress_v as_o much_o in_o the_o other_o but_o when_o the_o end_n of_o the_o stem_n be_v break_v open_a the_o water_n be_v raise_v 2_o ¼_n inch_n in_o the_o long_a leg_n and_o depress_v so_o low_o in_o the_o short_a that_o several_a bubble_n rise_v into_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o ball._n in_o which_o experiment_n it_o can_v be_v suppose_v that_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o short_a leg_n can_v be_v able_a to_o raise_v the_o water_n in_o the_o other_o except_o by_o virtue_n of_o its_o spring_n which_o be_v but_o small_a answerable_a to_o the_o quantity_n of_o of_o it_o it_o can_v be_v expect_v that_o it_o shall_v have_v any_o considerable_a effect_n upon_o the_o air_n in_o the_o other_o leg_n though_o its_o spring_n be_v in_o some_o measure_n weaken_v by_o cold._n a_o explication_n of_o the_o figure_n in_o the_o first_o plate_n fig._n 1._o p._n 12._o a._n the_o ball_n or_o egg._n b_o c._n the_o stem_n d._n the_o little_a aqueous_a cylinder_n fig._n 2._o the_o open_a weatherglass_n mention_v p._n 16_o 22._o fig._n 3._o the_o seal_a weatherglass_n or_o thermoscope_n mention_v p._n 16._o fig._n 4._o the_o barometer_n or_o mercurial_a standard_n place_v in_o a_o frame_n b_o b._n mention_v p._n 17._o fig._n 5._o a_o instrument_n mention_v p._n 34._o a._n the_o vial._n b_o c._n the_o pipe_n cement_v into_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o vial_n open_a at_o c_o and_o seal_v at_o b._n fig._n 6._o p._n 35._o a._n the_o bolt-head_n b._n the_o small_a stem_n b_o c._n the_o cylinder_n of_o water_n enclose_v fig._n 7._o p._n 36._o chap._n v._o the_o experimental_a history_n of_o cold_a begin_v title_n i._o experiment_n concern_v body_n capable_a of_o freeze_v other_o before_o we_o proceed_v to_o the_o natural_a history_n of_o cold_a it_o perhaps_o may_v be_v necessary_a to_o consider_v what_o body_n be_v capable_a of_o retain_v such_o quality_n and_o what_o be_v not_o but_o that_o be_v a_o consideration_n not_o so_o necessary_a to_o our_o present_a purpose_n which_o be_v only_o to_o set_v down_o what_o observation_n we_o have_v make_v in_o body_n subject_a to_o be_v freeze_v i_o shall_v only_o in_o short_a take_v notice_n that_o most_o body_n except_o fire_n be_v susceptible_a of_o actual_a cold_a and_o it_o be_v a_o question_n whether_o even_o that_o be_v not_o rather_o a_o state_n of_o matter_n in_o such_o a_o peculiar_a motion_n than_o a_o distinct_a and_o particular_a species_n of_o natural_a body_n since_o even_o gunpowder_n and_o spirit_n of_o wine_n before_o they_o be_v set_v on_o fire_n by_o some_o other_o body_n be_v actual_o cold._a but_o to_o proceed_v to_o what_o observation_n relate_v to_o our_o title_n other_o experiment_n of_o body_n capable_a of_o freeze_v other_o 1._o body_n cold_a enough_o to_o freeze_v other_o be_v very_o few_o here_o in_o england_n snow_n and_o salt_n mix_v be_v most_o remarkable_a which_o cool_a the_o liquor_n contain_v in_o those_o vessel_n which_o be_v close_v up_o in_o such_o mixture_n 2._o snow_n alone_o will_v not_o freeze_v water_n as_o a_o mixture_n of_o it_o and_o salt_n do_v and_o though_o water_v pour_v betwixt_o the_o interstice_n of_o snow_n or_o ice_n freeze_v yet_o there_o be_v a_o great_a disparity_n betwixt_o expose_v it_o to_o the_o air_n and_o keep_v it_o up_o in_o vessel_n and_o though_o it_o be_v freeze_v when_o cover_v with_o snow_n in_o a_o bottle_n all_o night_n yet_o that_o may_v proceed_v from_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o air_n as_o well_o as_o the_o influence_n of_o the_o snow_n 3._o if_o nitre_n alum_n vitriol_n salarmoniack_a or_o sugar_n be_v mix_v in_o due_a proportion_n with_o snow_n they_o will_v enable_v it_o to_o freeze_v though_o not_o so_o intense_o as_o common_a salt_n 4._o spirit_n of_o salt_n be_v shake_v together_o with_o snow_n in_o the_o vial_n they_o cause_v a_o dew_n which_o be_v gather_v on_o the_o outside_n the_o glass_n to_o be_v freeze_v though_o the_o mixture_n within_o be_v not_o and_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n mix_v with_o snow_n in_o a_o thin_a vial_n have_v the_o same_o effect_v only_o more_o intense_o 5._o but_o not_o only_o these_o acid_n spirit_n have_v these_o effect_n on_o the_o moisture_n of_o the_o air_n condense_v on_o the_o outside_n the_o glass_n but_o likewise_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n spirit_n of_o vinegar_n and_o spirit_n of_o sugar_n the_o former_a of_o these_o three_o be_v very_o powerful_a though_o the_o latter_a be_v not_o so_o strong_o frigorifick_a 6._o spirit_n of_o urine_n mix_v with_o snow_n in_o a_o vial_n freeze_v the_o external_n moisture_n weak_o but_o spirit_n of_o salarmoniack_a draw_v from_o quicklime_n do_v it_o powerful_o 7._o spirit_n of_o urine_n and_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n pour_v upon_o snow_n freeze_v moderate_o 8._o sal_fw-la gem_n with_o a_o
sublimate_n make_v with_o common_a sublimate_n and_o salarmoniack_a nay_o and_o with_o both_o loaf_n and_o kitchin-sugar_n as_o likewise_o a_o strong_a solution_n of_o pot-ash_n mix_v with_o snow_n do_v freeze_v though_o very_o faint_o and_o both_o a_o solution_n of_o salt_n of_o tartar_n and_o pot-ash_n agitate_a with_o snow_n in_o a_o small_a vial_n produce_v film_n of_o ice_n on_o the_o outside_n the_o glass_n though_o very_o thin_a one_o 9_o a_o sweet_a solution_n of_o minium_n in_o spirit_n of_o vinegar_n mix_v with_o snow_n excite_v the_o frigorifick_a quality_n of_o it_o yet_o some_o of_o that_o solution_n be_v enclose_v in_o snow_n and_o salt_n will_v not_o be_v freeze_v by_o they_o snow_n shut_v up_o alone_o thaw_v much_o more_o slow_o than_o that_o which_o be_v mix_v with_o salt_n or_o spirit_n no_o salt_n will_v promote_v the_o frigorifick_a quality_n of_o snow_n so_o far_o as_o to_o enable_v it_o to_o freeze_v which_o quicken_v not_o its_o dissolution_n neither_o crystal_n of_o tartar_n nor_o borax_n both_o beat_v to_o powder_n nor_o sublimate_n will_v enable_v snow_n to_o freeze_v as_o well_o as_o the_o powder_n of_o each_o lie_v undissolved_a in_o it_o 10._o water_n of_o quicklime_n be_v twice_o try_v will_v not_o freeze_v but_o only_o gather_v a_o dew_n on_o the_o outside_n yet_o the_o liquor_n be_v keep_v up_o 12_o month_n the_o spirit_n with_o which_o those_o water_n abound_v fly_v away_o 11._o oil_n of_o turpentine_n in_o which_o ice_n dissolve_v slow_a than_o in_o several_a other_o liquor_n enable_v not_o snow_n to_o freeze_v though_o spirit_n of_o wine_n shut_v up_o with_o snow_n in_o a_o bottle_n enable_v it_o to_o freeze_v powerful_o and_o to_o chrystalize_v even_o urine_n itself_o which_o may_v be_v take_v off_o in_o scale_n 12._o spirit_n of_o nitre_n and_o snow_n be_v mix_v together_o in_o a_o just_a proportion_n freeze_v very_o powerful_o and_o speedy_o not_o only_a water_n but_o spirit_n of_o vinegar_n and_o weak_a spirit_n of_o salt_n the_o first_o of_o which_o retain_v its_o taste_n when_o freeze_v and_o the_o latter_a shot_n into_o crystal_n which_o lay_v across_o each_o other_o a_o solution_n of_o salarmoniack_a partly_o evaporate_v will_v shoot_v into_o crystal_n like_o comb_n and_o feather_n and_o salarmoniack_a distil_v from_o quicklime_n will_v shoot_v into_o branch_n almost_o like_o those_o so_o nimble_o that_o one_o eye_n may_v discern_v they_o to_o spread_v and_o increase_v the_o like_a experiment_n be_v try_v with_o wine_n and_o strong_a ale_n succeed_v but_o very_o faint_o 13._o since_o body_n general_o help_v snow_n to_o freeze_v which_o hasten_v its_o dissolution_n we_o throw_v into_o a_o vial_n which_o contain_v snow_n heat_a sand_n which_o enable_v it_o to_o cause_v a_o dew_n but_o not_o to_o freeze_v and_o warm_a water_n pour_v into_o another_o when_o it_o have_v be_v shake_v produce_v a_o considerable_a degree_n of_o cold_a and_o gather_v dew_n but_o freeze_v it_o not_o 14._o though_o it_o be_v general_o believe_v that_o the_o hoar-froast_a on_o glass-window_n be_v only_a exsudation_n through_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o glass_n and_o freeze_v by_o the_o external_n cold_a yet_o it_o will_v easy_o appear_v that_o it_o be_v rather_o on_o the_o inside_n the_o glass_n the_o steam_n which_o rove_v up_o and_o down_o the_o room_n be_v condense_v by_o the_o external_n cold_a and_o freeze_v 15._o to_o show_v that_o the_o ice_n which_o appear_v on_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o vial_n in_o the_o foregoing_a experiment_n proceed_v not_o from_o any_o subtle_a part_n of_o the_o mixture_n penetrate_v the_o pore_n of_o the_o glass_n and_o settle_v on_o the_o outside_n we_o find_v that_o four_o ounce_n and_o ¼_n of_o the_o mixture_n of_o ice_n and_o salt_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o vial_n by_o the_o access_n of_o dew_n on_o the_o outside_n the_o weight_n of_o it_o be_v increase_v 12_o grain_n another_o vial_n which_o contain_v two_o ounce_n six_o dram_fw-la and_o a_o half_a increase_v in_o weight_n 4_o grain_n the_o vial_n be_v unseal_v under_o water_n it_o suck_v in_o a_o good_a quantity_n of_o it_o six_o ounce_n snow_n and_o salt_n be_v seal_v up_o in_o a_o glass_n the_o hoar-frost_n be_v wipe_v off_o but_o return_v again_o and_o the_o vial_n be_v counterpoise_v in_o a_o pair_n of_o scale_n the_o vapour_n condense_v by_o the_o coldness_n of_o it_o in_o the_o time_n that_o the_o snow_n be_v melt_v weigh_v 10_o grain_n a_o like_a quantity_n of_o snow_n and_o spirit_n of_o wine_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o single_a vial_n the_o outside_n be_v present_o cover_v with_o ice_n and_o in_o all_o it_o become_v 7_o grain_n heavy_a than_o before_o another_o time_n a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n which_o weigh_v 3_o ¾_n ounce_n afford_v 18_o grain_n of_o condense_a vapour_n and_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salgem_n which_o counterpoise_v 3_o ounce_n and_o 70_o grain_n upon_o a_o additional_a weight_n of_o condense_a vapour_n weigh_v 20_o grain_n more_o than_o before_o title_n ii_o experiment_n and_o observation_n concern_v body_n dispose_v to_o be_v freeze_v freeze_v of_o body_n dispose_v to_o be_v freeze_v without_o any_o more_o than_o bare_o intimate_v that_o there_o be_v several_a body_n dispose_v to_o be_v freeze_v by_o one_o degree_n of_o cold_a that_o be_v not_o with_o another_o i_o shall_v observe_v 1._o that_o in_o very_o cold_a snowy_a wether_n water_n urine_n beer_n ale_n milk_n vinegar_n french_a and_o rhenish_a wine_n be_v either_o total_o or_o partly_o turn_v into_o ice_n but_o beside_o these_o more_o obvious_a instance_n we_o freeze_v a_o solution_n of_o sugar_n and_o another_o of_o gum_n arabic_a in_o water_n a_o solution_n of_o alum_n nitre_n and_o vinegar_n freeze_v without_o afford_v any_o considerable_a phaenomena_n a_o solution_n of_o vitriol_n be_v in_o part_n freeze_v and_o in_o part_n unfreeze_v that_o which_o be_v freeze_v being_n not_o much_o different_a in_o colour_n from_o water_n but_o the_o unfreeze_v part_n be_v of_o a_o very_a high_a vitriol-colour_n 2._o spirit_n of_o urine_n and_o spirit_n of_o vinegar_n expose_v to_o a_o intense_a fire_n both_o of_o they_o freeze_v 3._o a_o drachm_n of_o salt_n of_o pot-ash_n be_v dissolve_v in_o two_o ounce_n of_o water_n present_o freeze_v in_o a_o intense_a cold_a and_o oil_n of_o tartar_n per_fw-la deliquium_fw-la or_o at_o least_o a_o solution_n of_o the_o fix_a salt_n of_o tartar_n be_v congeal_v in_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n appendix_n to_o the_o ii_o title_n oil_n become_v much_o more_o hard_a in_o muscovy_n than_o here_o in_o england_n in_o the_o most_o excessive_a cold_n but_o will_v in_o neither_o be_v turn_v into_o perfect_a ice_n and_o captain_n james_n speak_v of_o a_o island_n where_o he_o and_o his_o man_n be_v force_v to_o winter_n pag._n 58_o say_v all_z our_o sack_n vinegar_n oil_n and_o every_o thing_n else_o that_o be_v liquid_a be_v now_o freeze_v as_o hard_o as_o a_o piece_n of_o wood_n and_o we_o must_v cut_v it_o with_o a_o hatchet_n and_o olaus_n magnus_n gent._n sept._n hist_o l._n 11._o c._n 24_o say_v speak_v of_o the_o fight_v wont_a to_o be_v make_v on_o the_o ice_n in_o the_o northern_a region_n glacialis_fw-la congressus_fw-la fit_a in_fw-la laneis_fw-la calcibus_fw-la non_fw-la pellibus_fw-la aut_fw-la coriis_fw-la unctis_fw-la vis_fw-fr enim_fw-la frigoris_fw-la quodcunque_fw-la fit_a unctuosum_fw-la convertit_fw-la in_o lubricitatem_fw-la glacialem_fw-la there_o be_v a_o great_a similitude_n betwixt_o spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o oil_n in_o respect_n of_o their_o inflammability_n and_o be_v dispose_v to_o mix_v with_o oily_a body_n and_o as_o great_a a_o aptitude_n in_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n to_o mix_v with_o other_o liquor_n i_o inquire_v of_o the_o russian_a emperor_n physician_n what_o alteration_n he_o have_v observe_v to_o be_v produce_v by_o cold_a in_o muscovy_n to_o which_o he_o answer_v that_o aniseed_n and_o other_o weak_a spirit_n will_v be_v turn_v into_o a_o imperfect_a kind_n of_o ice_n and_o that_o strong_a one_o will_v turn_v ice_n into_o a_o kind_n of_o substance_n like_o oil_n particular_n referrable_a to_o the_o ii_o title_n 1_o in_o a_o very_a hard_a frost_n in_o december_n a_o solution_n of_o minium_n near_o the_o fire_n seem_v to_o be_v freeze_v though_o it_o be_v make_v with_o spirit_n of_o vinegar_n and_o so_o strong_a that_o part_n of_o it_o be_v shoot_v into_o saccharum_n saturni_n some_o at_o the_o top_n which_o be_v yellow_a do_v not_o freeze_v though_o pour_v out_o 2._o a_o solution_n of_o gold_n make_v with_o salt_n be_v likewise_o freeze_v as_o also_o a_o pint-vial_n full_a of_o the_o tincture_n of_o lignum_fw-la nephriticum_fw-la which_o be_v freeze_v the_o ice_n have_v no_o such_o colour_n as_o the_o tincture_n 3._o it_o be_v report_v that_o in_o russia_n brandy_n will_v freeze_v but_o the_o ice_n of_o it_o be_v
not_o so_o hard_a as_o common_a ice_n and_o i_o be_o inform_v that_o in_o moscow_n the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n will_v freeze_v leave_v some_o dissolve_v in_o the_o middle_n which_o be_v much_o strong_a than_o ordinary_a brandy_n and_o i_o be_o tell_v that_o in_o russia_n it_o be_v usual_a to_o have_v wine_n freeze_v french_a brandy_n be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n in_o russia_n freeze_v and_o salad-oil_n become_v as_o hard_o as_o tallow_n but_o water_n at_o the_o same_o time_n do_v not_o freeze_v title_n iii_o experiment_n touch_v body_n indispose_v to_o be_v freeze_v freeze_v body_n not_o dispose_v to_o freeze_v 1._o the_o subtle_a part_n of_o several_a body_n be_v bring_v over_o by_o distillation_n will_v not_o freeze_v by_o such_o a_o application_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n as_o freeze_v other_o body_n of_o this_o sort_n be_v aquafortis_n spirit_n of_o nitre_n of_o salt_n oil_n of_o turpentine_n and_o almost_o all_o the_o chemical_a oil_n we_o have_v then_o in_o possession_n spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o of_o other_o fermented_a liquor_n and_o sack_n if_o good_a will_v scarce_o freeze_v but_o the_o inflammable_a part_n be_v spend_v by_o burn_v it_o will_v easy_o freeze_v 2._o two_o drachm_n of_o salt_n of_o pot-ash_n be_v dissolve_v in_o a_o ounce_n of_o water_n the_o mixture_n will_v not_o freeze_v though_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o vessel_n be_v cover_v with_o ice_n at_o another_o time_n a_o strong_a solution_n of_o salt_n of_o tartar_n will_v not_o freeze_v though_o at_o the_o same_o time_n salt_n of_o pot-ash_n be_v dissolve_v do_v 3._o that_o common_a express_v oil_n of_o vegetable_n will_v freeze_v after_o their_o manner_n and_o curdle_n in_o cold_a wether_n be_v common_o observe_v yet_o train-oyl_n which_o be_v usual_o make_v of_o the_o fat_a of_o whale_n by_o the_o help_n of_o fire_n continue_v fluid_a in_o wether_n that_o be_v very_o sharp_a but_o in_o a_o excessive_a cold_a night_n it_o lose_v its_o fluidity_n which_o seem_v to_o disfavour_v what_o olaus_n magnus_n write_v who_o say_v that_o in_o the_o northern_a region_n it_o be_v usual_a to_o cast_v train-oyl_n upon_o the_o water_n in_o their_o ditch_n to_o keep_v the_o water_n from_o freeze_a and_o thereby_o unpassable_a the_o oil_n as_o he_o say_v not_o be_v subject_a to_o congeal_v with_o cold_a but_o it_o may_v be_v worth_a while_n to_o inquire_v whether_o the_o train-oyl_n he_o speak_v of_o be_v the_o same_o as_o be_v use_v by_o the_o swede_n laplander_n and_o muscovite_n and_o whether_o they_o have_v a_o different_a way_n in_o keep_v of_o it_o or_o not_o 4._o though_o a_o solution_n of_o sugar_n will_v freeze_v yet_o a_o strong_a solution_n of_o sugar_n of_o lead_n will_v not_o in_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n which_o be_v remarkable_a since_o the_o spirit_n of_o vinegar_n itself_o will_v freeze_v beside_o there_o must_v needs_o be_v some_o water_n in_o the_o solution_n and_o the_o sugar_n be_v but_o a_o vitriol_n of_o lead_n it_o be_v not_o a_o little_a strange_a that_o it_o shall_v not_o freeze_v as_o well_o as_o common_a vitriol_n though_o in_o this_o latter_a concrete_a metal_n be_v corrode_v by_o a_o spirit_n which_o if_o we_o may_v judge_v by_o the_o liquor_n afford_v in_o distillation_n be_v very_o much_o sharp_a and_o strong_a than_o spirit_n of_o vinegar_n 5._o quicksilver_n will_v not_o freeze_v in_o the_o sharp_a air_n though_o expose_v to_o it_o in_o very_o thin_a glass_n and_o in_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o a_o little_a quantity_n of_o it_o make_v a_o large_a surface_n 6._o a_o very_a sharp_a frost_n be_v not_o able_a to_o freeze_v a_o strong_a brine_n though_o at_o the_o same_o time_n other_o saline_a solution_n be_v congeal_v but_o a_o solution_n consist_v of_o twenty_o part_n of_o water_n and_o one_o of_o salt_n be_v freeze_v in_o a_o very_a sharp_a night_n the_o ice_n swim_v at_o the_o top_n in_o figure_n almost_o like_a broom_n spread_v from_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n downward_o the_o salt_n dissolve_v in_o this_o water_n be_v double_a the_o proportion_n of_o that_o which_o be_v usual_o in_o sea-water_n i_o thaw_v ice_n of_o salt-water_n to_o try_v whether_o the_o dissolve_a ice_n will_v be_v fresh_a or_o not_o but_o it_o retain_v a_o little_a brackishness_n which_o i_o suppose_v it_o receive_v from_o the_o contiguous_a brine_n though_o i_o be_o inform_v that_o in_o amsterdam_n they_o make_v use_v of_o thaw_a ice_n instead_o of_o common_a fresh_a water_n in_o brew_v and_o bartholinus_n de_fw-fr usu_fw-la nivis_fw-la cap._n 6._o p._n 42._o say_v de_fw-fr glacie_n ex_fw-la marina_fw-la aqua_fw-la certum_fw-la est_fw-la si_fw-la resolvatur_fw-la salsum_fw-la saporem_fw-la deposuisse_fw-la quod_fw-la etiam_fw-la non_fw-la ità _fw-la pridem_fw-la expertus_fw-la est_fw-la cl._n jacobus_n fincbius_n academiae_fw-la nostrae_fw-la senior_fw-la &_o physices_fw-la professor_n benemeritus_fw-la in_fw-la glaciei_fw-la frustis_fw-la è_fw-la portu_fw-la nostro_fw-la allatis_fw-la particular_n referrable_a to_o the_o iii_o title_n 1._o spirit_n of_o salarmoniack_a make_v with_o quicklime_n volatile_a oil_n of_o amber_n a_o small_a quantity_n of_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n be_v expose_v two_o night_n and_o a_o day_n freeze_v not_o a_o solution_n of_o silver_n in_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la be_v and_o spr._n sanguinis_fw-la humani_fw-la be_v freeze_v swell_v so_o much_o as_o to_o force_v out_o the_o cork_n 2._o unrectify_v oil_n of_o turpentine_n expose_v to_o the_o cold_a in_o a_o bottle_n will_v not_o freeze_v but_o another_o portion_n be_v contain_v in_o a_o earthen_a porringer_n do_v 3._o i_o be_o inform_v that_o there_o be_v a_o lake_n of_o water_n in_o scotland_n out_o of_o which_o a_o small_a river_n run_v the_o water_n of_o both_o which_o be_v never_o freeze_v but_o dissolve_v snow_n or_o ice_n if_o cast_v into_o it_o 4._o salad-oil_n be_v make_v use_n of_o to_o keep_v the_o lock_n of_o gun_n from_o freeze_a hinder_v they_o from_o be_v discharge_v but_o oil_n of_o hemp_n or_o train-oyl_n keep_v they_o from_o freeze_a title_n iu_o experiment_n and_o observation_n concern_v the_o degree_n of_o cold_a in_o several_a body_n body_n of_o the_o degree_n of_o cold_a in_o several_a body_n to_o discover_v the_o different_a degree_n of_o cold_a we_o have_v propose_v several_a thermometer_n in_o the_o precede_a chapter_n concern_v which_o we_o shall_v add_v this_o advertisement_n viz._n that_o though_o those_o which_o be_v to_o be_v immerse_v in_o liquor_n have_v the_o ball_n end_n round_o yet_o when_o we_o be_v to_o try_v the_o degree_n of_o cold_a of_o consistent_a powder_n it_o be_v better_a to_o make_v use_n of_o such_o as_o have_v flat_a bottom_n that_o they_o may_v be_v able_a to_o stand_v on_o their_o own_o basis_n for_o so_o it_o will_v be_v pleasant_a to_o see_v the_o suspend_v bubble_n in_o one_o of_o our_o thermometer_n rise_v and_o fall_v as_o it_o be_v remove_v from_o one_o body_n to_o another_o 2._o freeze_a have_v be_v so_o general_o esteem_v the_o utmost_a effect_n of_o cold_a that_o most_o have_v be_v content_a without_o examine_v strict_o the_o several_a degree_n of_o it_o nor_o indeed_o be_v it_o very_o easy_o do_v since_o if_o we_o do_v it_o with_o common_a weather-glass_n it_o will_v be_v a_o hard_a thing_n to_o distinguish_v whether_o the_o cold_a of_o one_o day_n exceed_v that_o of_o another_o since_o there_o intervening_a so_o much_o time_n betwixt_o the_o observation_n the_o alteration_n may_v be_v cause_v by_o a_o increase_n in_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n and_o shall_v we_o make_v a_o estimate_n by_o the_o testimony_n of_o our_o sense_n we_o shall_v easy_o be_v mistake_v since_o it_o be_v believe_v that_o the_o different_a sensation_n of_o cold_a which_o we_o perceive_v depend_v on_o the_o various_a disposition_n of_o our_o body_n but_o allow_v that_o vulgar_a thermometer_n may_v give_v we_o a_o true_a information_n of_o the_o degree_n of_o cold_a which_o nature_n afford_v yet_o they_o acquaint_v we_o not_o whether_o art_n may_v not_o produce_v great_a much_o less_o will_v they_o help_v we_o to_o make_v a_o estimate_n of_o this_o disparity_n and_o though_o we_o may_v make_v some_o guess_n by_o the_o operation_n of_o cold_a on_o liquor_n expose_v to_o it_o yet_o some_o as_o aqueous_a liquor_n freeze_v too_o soon_o and_o vinous_a liquor_n here_o in_o england_n will_v not_o freeze_v at_o all_o except_z french_z wine_n which_o happen_v seldom_o and_o leave_v too_o great_a a_o interval_n betwixt_o the_o degree_n necessary_a to_o congeal_v wine_n and_o sufficient_a to_o freeze_v water_n beside_o the_o uncertainty_n proceed_v from_o the_o several_a strength_n of_o wine_n wherefore_o to_o discover_v the_o intensity_n of_o cold_a produce_v by_o art_n above_o the_o high_a degree_n that_o nature_n afford_v 1._o see_v plate_n 1._o fig._n 1._o we_o furnish_v a_o seal_a weatherglass_n such_o as_o plate_n 1_o fig._n 1._o delineates_n with_o
mention_v viz._n egg_n suspend_v under_o water_n it_o appear_v that_o cold_a act_n on_o every_o side_n the_o shell_n be_v whole_o incrustate_v with_o ice_n to_o put_v a_o end_n to_o this_o title_n i_o shall_v in_o order_n to_o facilitate_v some_o experiment_n hereafter_o to_o be_v make_v advertise_v that_o whereas_o in_o common_a experiment_n water_v natural_o beginning_n to_o freeze_v at_o the_o top_n and_o that_o ice_n confine_v the_o subjacent_a water_n so_o that_o when_o freeze_v it_o have_v not_o room_n to_o expand_v i_o say_v whereas_o in_o such_o case_n the_o glass_n be_v subject_a to_o break_v to_o prevent_v such_o ill_a consequence_n i_o lay_v the_o frigorifick_a mixture_n first_o about_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o glass_n by_o which_o mean_v the_o water_n beginning_n to_o freeze_v at_o the_o bottom_n the_o water_n be_v raise_v up_o above_o it_o and_o as_o the_o salt_n and_o ice_n be_v raise_v high_a about_o the_o glass_n so_o the_o ice_n gradual_o rise_v without_o danger_n of_o break_v the_o bottle_n to_o this_o advertisement_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o though_o i_o only_o at_o the_o first_o lie_v the_o mixture_n about_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o glass_n yet_o to_o keep_v the_o water_n above_o cool_a i_o usual_o put_v ice_n itself_o or_o snow_n either_o of_o which_o will_v succeed_v in_o these_o experiment_n above_o that_o mixture_n title_n vi_o experiment_n and_o observation_n concern_v the_o preservation_n and_o destruction_n of_o egg_n apple_n and_o other_o body_n by_o cold._n cold._n of_o the_o preservation_n of_o body_n by_o cold._n it_o be_v a_o common_a tradition_n that_o if_o egg_n or_o apple_n be_v thaw_v near_o the_o fire_n it_o spoil_v they_o but_o if_o they_o be_v immerse_v in_o cold_a water_n they_o thaw_v slow_o without_o damage_n to_o try_v the_o truth_n of_o this_o tradition_n i_o make_v the_o follow_a experiment_n a_o egg_n which_o weigh_v 12_o drachm_n and_o a_o grain_n be_v wrap_v in_o a_o wax_v paper_n to_o defend_v it_o from_o the_o thaw_v snow_n be_v freeze_v in_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n and_o then_o want_v 4_o grain_n of_o its_o former_a weight_n it_o be_v put_v into_o a_o basin_n of_o water_n it_o acquire_v such_o a_o crust_n of_o ice_n about_o it_o as_o increase_v the_o weight_n to_o 15_o drachm_n and_o 9_o grain_n and_o the_o ice_n be_v take_v off_o and_o the_o egg_n dry_v it_o weigh_v 12_o drachm_n and_o 12_o grain_n be_v break_v we_o find_v it_o almost_o thaw_v when_o freeze_v it_o swim_v in_o the_o water_n but_o when_o thaw_v it_o sink_v we_o take_v two_o egg_n well_o freeze_v and_o place_v they_o both_o at_o a_o equal_a distance_n from_o the_o fire_n the_o one_o be_v put_v into_o water_n and_o the_o other_o lay_v on_o a_o table_n when_o that_o in_o the_o water_n be_v crust_v over_o with_o ice_n we_o take_v it_o out_o and_o break_v it_o find_v that_o the_o yolk_n and_o some_o part_n of_o the_o white_a be_v thaw_v but_o the_o other_o egg_n be_v cut_v asunder_o the_o white_a be_v whole_o freeze_v and_o the_o yolk_n hard_o as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v overboil_v there_o likewise_o appear_v in_o it_o certain_a concentrical_a circle_n of_o different_a colour_n and_o a_o very_a white_a speck_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o it_o the_o same_o experiment_n be_v try_v a_o second_o time_n we_o be_v confirm_v in_o our_o persuasion_n that_o freeze_a egg_n will_v thaw_v soon_o in_o cold_a water_n than_o in_o the_o open_a air._n a_o egg_n be_v suspend_v in_o water_n be_v cover_v with_o a_o crust_n of_o ice_n equal_o thick_a on_o all_o side_n freeze_a pippin_n be_v put_v into_o a_o basin_n of_o water_n be_v cover_v over_o with_o a_o crust_n of_o ice_n of_o a_o considerable_a thickness_n where_o it_o be_v observable_a 1._o that_o that_o part_n of_o the_o pippin_n which_o be_v immerse_v be_v cover_v with_o a_o much_o thick_a crust_n than_o that_o which_o be_v above_o it_o 2._o the_o extant_a part_n seem_v hard_a than_o the_o immersed_a 3._o those_o in_o the_o water_n be_v thaw_v but_o one_o that_o lie_v out_o of_o it_o be_v much_o hard_a and_o more_o freeze_v 4._o neither_o the_o freeze_a egg_n or_o apple_n condense_v and_o freeze_v the_o air_n though_o they_o incrustate_v the_o water_n egg_n be_v freeze_v in_o snow_n and_o salt_n till_o they_o crack_v we_o put_v one_o into_o milk_n two_o into_o a_o glass_n of_o beer_n and_o two_o more_o into_o a_o large_a glass_n of_o sack_n but_o produce_v no_o ice_n egg_n be_v put_v into_o vinegar_n produce_v no_o ice_n but_o the_o vinegar_n corrode_v the_o eggshell_n a_o cheese_n immerse_v in_o water_n in_o a_o cold_a country_n be_v crust_v over_o with_o ice_n but_o lump_n of_o iron_n piece_n of_o glass_n and_o stone_n be_v keep_v long_o in_o snow_n and_o salt_n than_o be_v sufficient_a to_o freeze_v egg_n produce_v no_o ice_n in_o water_n water_n be_v pour_v into_o a_o bottle_n which_o stand_v on_o the_o north-east_n side_n of_o our_o elaborotory_n part_v of_o it_o be_v present_o turn_v into_o ice_n ice_n and_o juice_n of_o pippin_n shake_v together_o in_o a_o vial_n produce_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o dew_n and_o so_o do_v ice_n beat_v into_o a_o liquor_n with_o the_o white_a of_o a_o egg._n pippin_n be_v much_o better_o when_o thaw_v in_o cold_a water_n than_o hasty_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o cold_a northern_a climate_n that_o when_o they_o have_v come_v out_o of_o extreme_a cold_a too_o hasty_o to_o the_o fire_n it_o have_v raise_v blister_n wherefore_o it_o be_v a_o custom_n among_o the_o more_o careful_a sort_n to_o wash_v their_o hand_n or_o other_o freeze_a part_n in_o cold_a water_n or_o snow_n before_o they_o approach_v the_o fire_n i_o be_o tell_v by_o one_o that_o cheese_n be_v freeze_v in_o muscovy_n those_o thaw_v in_o water_n be_v crust_v over_o with_o ice_n but_o be_v much_o better_a than_o other_o thaw_v in_o a_o stove_n and_o guilielmus_fw-la fabritius_n hildanus_n cap._n 10._o de_fw-la gangraena_fw-la &_o sphacelo_fw-la give_v a_o account_n of_o a_o man_n who_o be_v successful_o thaw_v and_o crust_v over_o with_o ice_n as_o our_o apple_n and_o egg_n be_v though_o a_o moderate_a degree_n of_o cold_a preserve_v body_n from_o putrefaction_n yet_o glaciation_n leave_v they_o more_o subject_a to_o it_o upon_o a_o thaw_n though_o whilst_o they_o be_v in_o that_o state_n they_o putrify_v not_o to_o prove_v that_o the_o high_a degree_n of_o cold_a under_o glaciation_n hinder_v body_n from_o corruption_n i_o shall_v allege_v the_o follow_a instance_n bartholinus_n de_fw-fr usu_fw-la nivis_fw-la say_v p._n 80._o regii_fw-la mutinenses_n nivem_fw-la hoc_fw-la sine_fw-la arcte_fw-la compactam_fw-la servant_n in_o cellis_fw-la nivariis_fw-la in_fw-la quibus_fw-la fervente_fw-la aestate_fw-la vidi_fw-la carnes_z mactatorum_fw-la animalium_fw-la a_o putredine_fw-la diu_fw-la se_fw-la conservasse_fw-la and_o capt._n james_n in_o his_o journal_n p._n 74._o have_v these_o word_n by_o the_o nine_o of_o may_v we_o be_v come_v to_o and_o get_v up_o our_o five_o barrel_n of_o beef_n and_o pork_n and_o have_v four_o butt_n of_o beer_n and_o one_o of_o cider_n it_o have_v lie_v under_o water_n all_o the_o winter_n yet_o we_o can_v not_o perceive_v that_o it_o be_v any_o thing_n the_o worse_o p._n 79._o he_o farther_o say_v that_o a_o cable_n have_v lie_v under_o ice_n all_o winter_n be_v not_o in_o june_n find_v a_o jot_n the_o worse_o and_o from_o simlerus_n his_o account_n of_o the_o alps_o it_o appear_v that_o entire_a body_n may_v be_v preserve_v by_o snow_n without_o glaciation_n refert_fw-la say_v bartholinus_n speak_v of_o he_o p._n 79._o de_fw-la figurativis_fw-la in_o rhetis_n apud_fw-la rinwaldios_fw-la nivium_fw-la è_fw-la monte_fw-fr ruentium_fw-la mole_n sylvam_fw-la &_o proceras_fw-la abietes_fw-la dejecisse_fw-la accidisse_fw-la etiam_fw-la helvetio_fw-la milite_fw-la per_fw-la alps_n iter_fw-la faciente_fw-la ut_fw-la 60_o homines_fw-la &_o plures_fw-la eadem_fw-la nivis_fw-la conglobatione_fw-la opprimerentur_fw-la hoc_fw-la igitur_fw-la nivium_fw-la tumulo_fw-la sepulti_fw-la ad_fw-la tempus_fw-la aestatis_fw-la delitescunt_fw-la quo_fw-la soluto_fw-la nonnihil_fw-la nive_n deciduâ_fw-la corpora_fw-la mortua_fw-la inviolata_fw-la patent_n si_fw-la ab_fw-la amiciss_fw-la vel_fw-la transeuntibus_fw-la quaerantur_fw-la vidimus_fw-la ipsi_fw-la triste_fw-fr hoc_fw-la spectaculum_fw-la etc._n etc._n to_o prove_v that_o inanimate_a body_n whilst_o freeze_v be_v not_o subject_a to_o putrefaction_n i_o shall_v bring_v several_a instance_n nor_o indeed_o be_v it_o much_o wonder_n since_o whether_o glaciation_n proceed_v from_o intrude_a swarm_n of_o frigorifick_a atom_n wedge_v in_o betwixt_o the_o part_n of_o a_o body_n or_o whether_o we_o suppose_v it_o to_o arise_v from_o a_o avolition_n of_o those_o restless_a particle_n which_o before_o keep_v the_o body_n fluid_fw-la or_o soft_a we_o must_v suppose_v a_o unusual_a rest_n and_o consequent_o the_o concomitant_a cause_n of_o corruption_n
to_o be_v want_v but_o to_o proceed_v to_o instance_n i_o be_o tell_v that_o on_o the_o coast_n of_o sweeden_n and_o denmark_n the_o cold_a will_v preserve_v body_n a_o long_a time_n from_o putrefaction_n and_o bartholinus_n relate_v a_o story_n of_o several_a dead_a body_n p._n 83._o de_fw-la usu_fw-la nivis_fw-la which_o be_v kill_v in_o a_o battle_n in_o the_o winter_n be_v freeze_v in_o several_a posture_n and_o continue_v so_o without_o be_v corrupt_v as_o long_o as_o the_o winter_n last_v to_o which_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o capt._n james_n tell_v we_o p._n 76._o of_o a_o man_n who_o they_o find_v freeze_v in_o the_o ice_n six_o week_n after_o he_o have_v be_v commit_v to_o sea_n and_o all_o the_o alteration_n the_o frost_n have_v wrought_v on_o his_o body_n be_v that_o his_o flesh_n will_v move_v up_o and_o down_o upon_o his_o bone_n like_o a_o glove_n upon_o a_o man_n hand_n and_o bartholinus_n de_fw-fr usu_fw-la nivis_fw-la cap._n 12._o further_n tell_v we_o that_o it_o be_v observe_v in_o greenland_n that_o the_o frost_n preserve_v body_n from_o putrefaction_n 30_o year_n but_o though_o freeze_a preserve_v body_n from_o putrefaction_n for_o the_o time_n yet_o when_o they_o thaw_v they_o present_o discover_v that_o the_o texture_n of_o they_o be_v impair_v and_o vitiate_v all_o that_o while_n by_o the_o action_n of_o the_o cold_a for_o have_v freeze_v a_o ox-eye_n i_o observe_v that_o the_o crystalline_a humour_n which_o be_v so_o transparent_a before_o be_v freeze_v lose_v its_o diaphaneity_n and_o become_v white_a and_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v by_o other_o that_o though_o cheese_n which_o be_v thaw_v in_o water_n be_v better_a than_o those_o that_o be_v otherwise_o free_v from_o the_o ice_n yet_o they_o be_v all_o in_o some_o measure_n impair_v by_o the_o frost_n to_o these_o instance_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o purchas_n lib._n 3._o cap._n 5._o sect._n 2_o p._n 493._o tell_v we_o that_o in_o nova_n zembla_n their_o strong_a beer_n be_v freeze_v be_v whole_o vitiate_v and_o without_o strength_n or_o taste_n and_o capt._n james_n tell_v we_o that_o strong_a alicant_n wine_n by_o be_v freeze_v have_v lose_v much_o of_o its_o spirit_n and_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o northern_a country_n less_o cold_a than_o muscovy_n that_o beef_n have_v be_v freeze_v be_v almost_o insipid_a and_o yield_v broth_n little_o better_o than_o water_n beside_o which_o instance_n i_o be_o inform_v that_o body_n much_o hard_a than_o any_o yet_o mention_v may_v be_v work_v upon_o by_o cold_a not_o to_o mention_v that_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o bone_n and_o even_o steel_v itself_o be_v much_o more_o subject_a to_o break_v in_o frosty_a wether_n than_o at_o other_o time_n and_o it_o be_v to_o our_o present_a purpose_n further_o observable_a that_o capt._n james_n relate_v that_o in_o charlton-island_n the_o wood_n must_v be_v thaw_v before_o the_o carpenter_n be_v able_a to_o work_v it_o and_o i_o be_o further_a inform_v that_o the_o timber_n of_o the_o house_n in_o moscow_n will_v not_o only_o crack_v in_o frosty_a wether_n but_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o brick-house_n in_o the_o west-indies_n decay_n much_o soon_o than_o here_o in_o england_n and_o it_o have_v be_v further_o observe_v that_o marble_n themselves_o have_v not_o only_o fly_v in_o piece_n in_o frosty_a wether_n but_o that_o brass-instrument_n and_o even_o iron-hoops_n have_v be_v crack_v by_o extreme_a cold_n as_o olaus_n wormius_n and_o the_o dutchman_n in_o their_o voyage_n to_o nova_n zembla_n witness_n but_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o believe_v that_o the_o break_n of_o the_o iron-hoops_n rather_o depend_v on_o the_o operation_n of_o the_o cold_a on_o the_o liquor_n contain_v in_o those_o barrel_n than_o immediate_o on_o the_o iron-bar_n themselves_o and_o that_o they_o be_v break_v by_o the_o expansion_n of_o that_o liquor_n a_o appendix_n to_o the_o vi_o title_n in_o confirmation_n of_o what_o have_v be_v deliver_v before_o the_o russian_a emperor_n physician_n tell_v i_o that_o if_o those_o that_o have_v their_o nose_n or_o cheek_n freeze_v do_v rub_v they_o with_o snow_n before_o they_o go_v into_o the_o stove_n they_o sometime_o drop_v off_o and_o he_o likewise_o tell_v i_o that_o moderate_o weak_a wine_n by_o be_v freeze_v will_v lose_v both_o its_o colour_n and_o taste_v he_o further_o tell_v i_o that_o body_n there_o will_v keep_v all_o the_o frosty_a wether_n uncorrupt_a and_o that_o venison_n and_o beef_n and_o other_o flesh_n will_v be_v preserve_v a_o long_a time_n by_o frost_n but_o if_o it_o be_v not_o thaw_v leisurely_o before_o it_o come_v to_o be_v roast_v it_o will_v be_v much_o impair_v and_o i_o be_o tell_v that_o a_o young_a man_n have_v be_v freeze_v all_o over_o be_v recover_v by_o be_v first_o rub_v with_o snow_n before_o any_o other_o mean_n be_v use_v particular_n referrable_a to_o the_o vi_o title_n fish_n take_v from_o under_o the_o ice_n in_o lake_n and_o pond_n which_o be_v freeze_v over_o and_o pack_v up_o will_v be_v preserve_v a_o month_n without_o be_v salt_v or_o dry_v and_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o when_o they_o be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o cold_a air_n they_o will_v be_v freeze_v immediate_o it_o be_v likewise_o observe_v by_o the_o same_o person_n who_o tell_v i_o these_o thing_n that_o though_o flesh-meat_n freeze_v be_v better_a when_o thaw_v leisurely_o in_o cold_a water_n than_o hasty_o by_o the_o fire_n yet_o it_o acquire_v not_o a_o crust_n of_o ice_n about_o it_o in_o lapland_n when_o any_o part_n be_v freeze_v they_o toast_v cheese_n make_v of_o deer_n milk_n and_o anoint_v the_o affect_a part_n with_o the_o cows-body_n i_o have_v some_o cheshire-cheese_n freeze_v myself_o one_o of_o which_o be_v throw_v into_o water_n gather_v a_o crust_n of_o ice_n about_o it_o there_o be_v white_a bear_n in_o green-land_n which_o have_v so_o excellent_a a_o scent_n that_o when_o the_o carcase_n of_o a_o whale_n be_v leave_v at_o some_o distance_n from_o the_o shore_n they_o will_v raise_v themselves_o on_o their_o leg_n and_o with_o their_o two_o paw_n will_v fan_v themselves_o with_o the_o air_n and_o snuff_v it_o in_o at_o their_o snout_n and_o then_o throw_v themselves_o into_o the_o sea_n will_v swim_v towards_o the_o dead_a carcase_n the_o fat_a of_o some_o of_o they_o will_v yield_v a_o hogshead_n of_o oil_n in_o moscow_n a_o hogshead_n of_o malaga-sack_n be_v freeze_v a_o spirituous_a liquor_n distil_v out_o of_o it_o strong_a than_o the_o sack_n itself_o but_o the_o liquor_n leave_v behind_o it_o be_v a_o strengthless_a phlegm_n a_o barrel_n of_o beer_n be_v freeze_v on_o the_o coast_n of_o green-land_n the_o spirituous_a part_n be_v contain_v in_o the_o middle_n the_o spanish_a and_o french_a wine_n that_o be_v bring_v to_o moscow_n betwixt_o russia_n and_o poland_n be_v sometime_o so_o freeze_v by_o the_o time_n they_o come_v there_o that_o they_o be_v force_v to_o break_v the_o cask_n and_o to_o transport_v it_o in_o jar_n from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o and_o when_o they_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o thaw_v it_o they_o put_v it_o into_o another_o hogshead_n and_o that_o be_v place_v in_o a_o hole_n make_v in_o ice_n or_o snow_n it_o thaw_v leisurely_o there_o without_o be_v so_o much_o impair_v as_o if_o thaw_v in_o a_o stove_n or_o by_o the_o fire_n title_n vii_o experiment_n concern_v the_o expansion_n of_o water_n and_o aqueous_a liquor_n by_o freeze_a liquor_n of_o the_o expansion_n of_o water_n and_o other_o freeze_a liquor_n though_o it_o have_v be_v general_o allow_v that_o water_n and_o other_o liquor_n be_v condense_v by_o cold_a yet_o from_o what_o i_o shall_v offer_v it_o will_v appear_v that_o ice_n be_v not_o water_n condense_v but_o rarify_v for_o i_o have_v not_o only_o observe_v that_o water_n expose_v to_o be_v freeze_v in_o a_o bolt-head_n will_v if_o the_o frigorifick_a mixture_n incline_v it_o to_o begin_v to_o freeze_v at_o the_o bottom_n first_o be_v expanded_a so_o as_o to_o rise_v considerable_o high_o in_o the_o stem_n but_o when_o that_o ice_n be_v thaw_v again_o will_v subside_o and_o to_o this_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o have_v include_v water_n in_o a_o cylinder_n both_o end_n of_o which_o be_v stop_v up_o with_o wax_n the_o cylinder_n be_v hang_v up_o in_o the_o air_n and_o the_o water_n freeze_v it_o be_v so_o far_o expanded_a that_o it_o force_v the_o wax_n out_o of_o each_o end_n of_o the_o pipe_n and_o form_v a_o rod_n of_o ice_n much_o long_a than_o the_o cylinder_n from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o break_n of_o bottle_n by_o cold_a rather_o depend_v on_o the_o expansion_n of_o the_o include_v liquor_n than_o that_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n cause_v that_o effect_n as_o some_o modern_n teach_v or_o that_o the_o internal_a liquor_n be_v
condense_v by_o cold_a the_o air_n break_v in_o to_o prevent_v a_o vacuum_n for_o that_o water_n be_v expanded_a by_o cold_a appear_v from_o what_o i_o have_v say_v beside_o nothing_o be_v more_o common_o observe_v than_o that_o water_n be_v freeze_v in_o a_o vessel_n who_o side_n be_v strong_a enough_o to_o keep_v it_o from_o burst_v they_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o ice_n be_v general_o protuberant_a and_o convex_a and_o that_o the_o break_n of_o bottle_n depend_v not_o on_o nature_n abhorrency_n of_o a_o vacuum_n appear_v since_o shall_v we_o suppose_v that_o the_o fluid_a contain_v in_o a_o bottle_n will_v be_v so_o far_o condense_v as_o to_o possess_v less_o space_n than_o before_o it_o be_v possible_a there_o may_v be_v a_o vacuum_n there_o and_o the_o bottle_n not_o burst_v since_o glass-bubble_n much_o thin_a than_o ordinary_a bottle_n will_v endure_v the_o frost_n though_o stop_v close_o with_o air_n in_o they_o but_o not_o only_a water_n expand_v itself_o upon_o freeze_a but_o other_o aqueous_a body_n so_o egg_n be_v freeze_v burst_v their_o shell_n asunder_o and_o milk_n urine_n rhenish_a wine_n and_o good_a spirit_n of_o wine_n be_v set_v to_o freeze_v in_o distinct_a glass-egg_n the_o wine_n be_v freeze_v swell_v a_o inch_n above_o the_o first_o surface_n the_o milk_n two_o inch_n and_o the_o urine_n six_o or_o seven_o and_o a_o solution_n of_o dantzick-vitriol_n do_v not_o only_o become_v opace_fw-la but_o rise_v considerable_o high_a in_o a_o cylindrical_a pipe_n upon_o congelation_n whether_o more_o stable_n and_o consistent_a body_n be_v capable_a of_o be_v expanded_a by_o cold_a will_v be_v worth_a inquire_n since_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v that_o in_o nova_n zembla_n the_o very_a clock_n have_v be_v freeze_v so_o that_o they_o will_v not_o go_v and_o the_o like_a have_v be_v observe_v by_o capt._n james_n in_o his_o voyage_n at_o charlton-island_n his_o watch_n be_v freeze_v as_o well_o as_o his_o clock_n whether_o these_o effect_n depend_v on_o any_o swell_v of_o the_o rope_n or_o whether_o the_o spring_n of_o his_o watch_n may_v be_v weaken_v by_o cold_a or_o whether_o some_o iceicle_n stick_v to_o the_o internal_a part_n of_o it_o i_o shall_v leave_v as_o bare_a conjecture_n to_o be_v further_o examine_v into_o by_o experience_n the_o phaenomena_n of_o a_o experiment_n about_o freeze_a referrable_a to_o the_o vii_o title_n read_v before_o the_o royal_a society_n have_v fill_v a_o bolt-head_n which_o be_v as_o big_a as_o two_o turkey_n egg_n with_o water_n till_o it_o wrought_v a_o pretty_a height_n into_o the_o slender_a stem_n be_v put_v into_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n it_o subside_v a_o little_a but_o when_o it_o begin_v to_o freeze_v it_o will_v sensible_o swell_v the_o experiment_n be_v repeat_v with_o a_o glass_n who_o stem_n be_v as_o thin_a as_o a_o raven_n quill_n when_o first_o the_o ball_n of_o it_o be_v immerse_v in_o the_o frigorifick_a mixture_n the_o water_n present_o ascend_v the_o height_n of_o a_o barleycorn_n and_o present_o subside_v again_o which_o the_o florentine_a virtuoso_n will_v attribute_v to_o a_o constriction_n of_o the_o glass_n upon_o the_o application_n of_o the_o frigorifick_a mixture_n second_o and_o though_o the_o florentine_a virtuoso_n relate_v that_o they_o have_v observe_v the_o water_n after_o it_o have_v subside_v a_o little_a to_o rest_v and_o then_o subside_v again_o yet_o in_o all_o the_o trial_n i_o make_v i_o do_v not_o observe_v it_o three_o when_o the_o water_n have_v subside_v a_o little_a it_o will_v be_v at_o a_o stand_n till_o the_o liquor_n begin_v to_o freeze_v four_o the_o experiment_n be_v try_v with_o glass_n who_o stem_n be_v unequal_o big_a upon_o glaciation_n the_o ascent_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o large_a one_o will_v be_v indiscernible_a but_o in_o a_o slender_a one_o it_o will_v ascend_v several_a inch_n in_o a_o minute_n till_o it_o rise_v up_o to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o stem_n five_o though_o the_o forentine_a academian_o say_v they_o have_v observe_v the_o water_n to_o rise_v again_o before_o glaciation_n yet_o i_o can_v never_o see_v such_o a_o phaenomenon_n six_o if_o the_o glass_n be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o mixture_n when_o first_o it_o begin_v to_o freeze_v as_o soon_o as_o the_o small_a iceicle_n be_v melt_v it_o will_v subside_o again_o yet_o if_o reapply_v to_o the_o mixture_n a_o second_o time_n it_o will_v freeze_v in_o half_a a_o minute_n title_n viii_o experiment_n concern_v the_o contraction_n of_o liquor_n by_o cold._n cold._n of_o the_o contraction_n of_o liquor_n by_o cold._n 1_o though_o the_o liquor_n we_o have_v mention_v expand_v themselves_o upon_o a_o intense_a degree_n of_o cold_a yet_o we_o be_v not_o thence_o to_o couclude_v that_o all_o will_n since_o we_o have_v find_v it_o by_o experience_n not_o only_o in_o spirit_n of_o wine_n aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la oil_n of_o turpentine_n and_o several_a other_o liquor_n which_o will_v not_o be_v bring_v to_o freeze_v but_o also_o in_o oil_n congeal_v by_o the_o vehemence_n of_o the_o cold._n 2._o among_o the_o several_a experiment_n make_v of_o the_o efficacy_n of_o cold_a to_o condense_a liquor_n i_o shall_v lay_v down_o the_o follow_v 3._o spirit_n of_o wine_n be_v put_v into_o a_o small_a glass-egg_n with_o a_o slender_a stem_n in_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n subsided_a ¾_n of_o a_o inch._n 4._o mercury_n be_v free_v from_o air_n and_o place_v in_o a_o bold-head_n in_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n subside_v 2_o inch_n common_a oil_n place_v in_o the_o same_o mixture_n subside_v till_o it_o freeze_v but_o if_o it_o be_v immediate_o thaw_v near_o the_o fire_n it_o will_v expand_v itself_o so_o much_o as_o to_o rise_v about_o the_o mark._n the_o experiment_n succeed_v a_o second_o time_n and_o be_v try_v a_o three_o time_n the_o lump_n of_o the_o congeal_a oly_n will_v sink_v in_o the_o fluid_a oil_n oil_n of_o aniseed_n artificial_o freeze_v subside_v considerable_o in_o a_o small_a pipe_n empyreumatical_a oil_n of_o gaujacum_fw-la be_v expose_v to_o the_o utmost_a degree_n of_o cold_a will_v not_o freeze_v but_o evident_o subside_v particular_n referrable_a to_o the_o viii_o title_n 1._o two_o seal_a weather-glass_n the_o one_o make_v of_o a_o tincture_n of_o cochineal_n in_o spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o the_o other_o of_o a_o blue_a tincture_n of_o spirit_n of_o man_n blood_n and_o copper_n in_o spirit_n of_o wine_n be_v immerse_v in_o water_n till_o it_o begin_v to_o freeze_v and_o then_o be_v remove_v into_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n set_v in_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n we_o observe_v that_o the_o liquor_n in_o both_o thermometer_n subside_v oil_n of_o aniseed_n be_v put_v into_o a_o small_a glass_n with_o a_o large_a stem_n and_o place_v in_o a_o frigorifick_a mixture_n make_v by_o a_o solution_n of_o salarmoniack_a subsided_a 3_o inch_n the_o substance_n of_o the_o oil_n be_v turn_v into_o a_o white_a concrete_a which_o when_o it_o be_v leisurely_o dissolve_v the_o fluid_a part_n emit_v several_a bubble_n and_o it_o be_v further_o observe_v in_o this_o concrete_a that_o though_o when_o thaw_v it_o swim_v upon_o water_n yet_o when_o congeal_v it_o will_v not_o title_n ix_o experiment_n concern_v the_o bubble_n from_o which_o the_o levity_n of_o ice_n be_v suppose_v to_o proceed_v cause_n of_o the_o levity_n of_o ice_n and_o its_o cause_n 1._o it_o be_v usual_o account_v a_o argument_n of_o the_o levity_n of_o ice_n above_o water_n that_o it_o swim_v upon_o it_o for_o though_o the_o superficies_n of_o small_a portion_n of_o it_o be_v not_o sensible_o emergent_a above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n yet_o in_o greenland_n where_o huge_a rock_n of_o ice_n float_v in_o the_o sea_n they_o be_v observe_v to_o be_v as_o high_a above_o the_o water_n as_o the_o mast_n of_o ship_n which_o can_v we_o suppose_v to_o float_v in_o a_o erect_a posture_n and_o to_o be_v of_o a_o prismatical_a form_n that_o part_v immerse_v will_v be_v nine_o time_n as_o much_o as_o that_o above_o the_o water_n as_o for_o the_o reason_n why_o ice_n be_v bear_v up_o above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n so_o much_o in_o greenland_n more_o than_o in_o our_o climate_n beside_o that_o the_o size_n of_o those_o piece_n of_o ice_n contribute_v to_o the_o render_v the_o observation_n more_o remarkable_a the_o water_n expansion_n in_o that_o cold_a climate_n may_v cause_v it_o to_o be_v further_a expanded_a there_o than_o here_o and_o consequent_o light_a 2._o piece_n of_o ice_n free_a from_o bubble_n float_v in_o spirit_n of_o wine_n draw_v from_o brandy_n and_o likewise_o from_o quicklime_n and_o though_o if_o that_o spirit_n be_v warm_v it_o will_v present_o subside_o yet_o as_o it_o cool_v the_o ice_n will_v ascend_v nevertheless_o some_o part_n of_o it_o be_v thaw_v
of_o ice_n and_o salt_n 2_o hour_n it_o make_v a_o oblique_a crack_n in_o the_o barrel_n six_o inch_n long_o and_o the_o ice_n be_v take_v out_o seem_v full_a of_o bubble_n but_o very_o small_a one_o and_o the_o like_a success_n we_o have_v with_o another_o barrel_n of_o a_o gun_n who_o muzzle_n and_o touchhole_n be_v stop_v up_o with_o metal_n nor_o have_v we_o less_o success_n when_o we_o bury_v a_o pewter_n bottle_n in_o a_o frigorifick_a mixture_n both_o the_o barrel_n of_o the_o gun_n and_o the_o bottle_n be_v burst_v in_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n title_n xii_o experiment_n concern_v a_o new_a way_n of_o estimate_v the_o expansive_a force_n of_o congelation_n and_o of_o high_o compress_v air_n without_o engine_n congelation_n a_o new_a way_n of_o estimate_v the_o expanââ¦e_a force_n of_o congelation_n how_o far_o we_o be_v able_a to_o compress_v the_o air_n by_o the_o incumbent_a weight_n of_o a_o cylinder_n of_o mercury_n we_o have_v else_o where_o show_v but_o to_o reduce_v it_o to_o a_o great_a degree_n of_o condensation_n i_o make_v the_o follow_a experiment_n 1._o have_v fill_v a_o glass-egg_n with_o water_n till_o it_o wrought_v about_o a_o inch_n into_o the_o stem_n we_o place_v it_o in_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n and_o in_o a_o few_o hour_n the_o surface_n of_o the_o liquor_n be_v raise_v about_o 7_o inch_n and_o the_o apex_n of_o the_o stem_n be_v seal_v up_o by_o a_o fresh_a application_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n it_o be_v raise_v 8_o inch_n high_a so_o that_o the_o air_n be_v compress_v into_o the_o space_n of_o a_o inch_n possess_v about_o nine_o part_n of_o ten_o of_o what_o it_o do_v before_o whereupon_o the_o stem_n be_v invert_v and_o the_o seal_a end_n open_v the_o air_n which_o when_o the_o stem_n be_v invert_v rise_v up_o to_o the_o ice_n and_o separate_v the_o unfrozen_a water_n in_o the_o stem_n from_o it_o powerful_o expand_v itself_o force_v out_o about_o ten_o inch_n of_o water_n with_o violence_n and_o noise_n beside_o a_o great_a number_n of_o bubble_n ascend_v from_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o glass_n to_o the_o top._n n._n b._n when_o the_o air_n be_v compress_v beyond_o seven_o inch_n we_o several_a time_n observe_v that_o the_o glass_n just_a above_o the_o water_n on_o the_o inside_n be_v full_a of_o little_a drop_n of_o dew_n which_o when_o the_o apex_n be_v break_v off_o disappear_v 2._o a_o vial_n who_o neck_n be_v draw_v out_o into_o a_o slender_a pipe_n be_v fill_v till_o it_o wrought_v a_o inch_n within_o the_o pipe_n in_o a_o little_a time_n by_o the_o expansion_n of_o the_o water_n the_o air_n be_v too_o much_o compress_v the_o head_n of_o the_o pipe_n fly_v off_o and_o the_o same_o happen_v to_o a_o round_a white_a glass_n who_o stem_n fill_v with_o air_n be_v about_o 3_o inch_n nor_o be_v the_o success_n otherwise_o when_o we_o repeat_v the_o experiment_n in_o a_o large_a single_a vial_n who_o stem_n be_v four_o inch_n long_o and_o its_o basis_n a_o inch_n broad_a 3._o a_o oval_a glass_n about_o the_o size_n of_o a_o turkeys-egg_n with_o a_o neck_n almost_o cylindrical_a be_v fill_v with_o water_n within_o four_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a and_o then_o a_o piece_n of_o paper_n be_v past_v upon_o the_o stem_n divide_v into_o half_a inch_n and_o quarter_n and_o the_o apex_n be_v seal_v up_o by_o a_o moderate_a heat_n the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n be_v raise_v considerable_o but_o the_o oval_a part_n of_o the_o glass_n be_v cover_v with_o a_o mixture_n of_o ice_n and_o snow_n the_o air_n be_v compress_v into_o a_o 17_o part_n of_o the_o space_n it_o possess_v before_o and_o the_o ball_n of_o the_o glass_n burst_v afterward_o with_o a_o considerable_a noise_n the_o ice_n appear_v full_a of_o bubble_n which_o render_v it_o white_a and_o opacous_a in_o another_o glass_n who_o ball_n be_v large_a in_o proportion_n to_o the_o stem_n the_o air_n be_v compress_v into_o a_o 19_o part_n of_o its_o former_a space_n before_o the_o glass_n fly_v in_o piece_n 3._o and_o this_o way_n of_o try_v how_o far_o the_o air_n may_v be_v compress_v and_o water_n expanded_a by_o cold_a we_o think_v least_o exceptionable_a because_o the_o pore_n of_o glass_n be_v more_o impervious_a to_o air_n and_o water_n than_o some_o metalline_a vessel_n for_o have_v break_v open_a the_o apex_n of_o the_o stem_n of_o one_o of_o our_o glass-egg_n we_o find_v that_o though_o the_o water_n be_v but_o a_o little_a expanded_a yet_o not_o find_v a_o way_n out_o at_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o glass_n the_o water_n rise_v up_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o inch._n title_n xiii_o experiment_n and_o observation_n concern_v the_o sphere_n of_o activity_n of_o cold._n cold._n of_o the_o sphere_n of_o activity_n of_o cold._n in_o estimate_v the_o sphere_n of_o activity_n of_o cold_a we_o be_v not_o only_o to_o consider_v the_o degree_n of_o it_o in_o the_o cold_a body_n but_o also_o the_o medium_fw-la through_o which_o it_o be_v to_o pass_v and_o the_o consistence_n and_o texture_n of_o it_o as_o likewise_o the_o instrument_n employ_v to_o receive_v or_o acquaint_v we_o with_o the_o action_n of_o cold_a since_o from_o what_o have_v be_v before_o lay_v down_o it_o appear_v that_o weather-glass_n give_v we_o a_o more_o nice_a account_n of_o the_o degree_n of_o it_o and_o that_o our_o sensory_n may_v mis-inform_a we_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o their_o various_a predisposition_n beside_o the_o sphere_n of_o activity_n may_v be_v vary_v by_o the_o bulk_n of_o the_o cold_a body_n 1._o but_o to_o consider_v the_o sphere_n of_o activity_n of_o small_a piece_n of_o ice_n we_o have_v find_v it_o very_o small_a in_o comparison_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n of_o odorous_a body_n insomuch_o that_o i_o be_o persuade_v we_o can_v have_v no_o sense_n of_o cold_a without_o the_o immediate_a contact_n of_o a_o cold_a body_n since_o ice_n approach_v our_o sensory_a or_o a_o weatherglass_n affect_v neither_o though_o hold_v as_o near_o as_o possible_o they_o may_v without_o touch_v and_o the_o like_a have_v be_v observe_v at_o sea_n where_o in_o foggy_a night_n the_o seaman_n have_v not_o be_v able_a to_o discern_v neighbour_a mountain_n of_o ice_n though_o by_o a_o merchant_n who_o make_v the_o observation_n in_o greenland_n i_o be_o tell_v that_o he_o perceive_v a_o manifest_a access_n of_o cold_a upon_o the_o approach_n of_o a_o float_a piece_n of_o ice_n 2._o and_o i_o be_o tell_v that_o in_o ispahan_n the_o capital_a city_n of_o persia_n the_o ice_n be_v never_o much_o more_o than_o a_o finger_n thick_a they_o usual_o pour_v water_n upon_o it_o which_o as_o it_o run_v over_o the_o ice_n be_v in_o part_n freeze_v by_o which_o mean_n they_o thicken_v the_o ice_n and_o preserve_v it_o in_o proper_a conservatory_n this_o experiment_n have_v be_v try_v in_o england_n by_o pump_v of_o water_n upon_o flake_n of_o ice_n i_o find_v that_o the_o pump-water_n be_v warm_a than_o the_o ice_n thaw_v it_o instead_o of_o increase_v the_o thickness_n of_o it_o and_o though_o here_o in_o england_n water_n pour_v upon_o snow_n promote_v its_o dissolution_n yet_o in_o russia_n and_o muscovy_n i_o be_o tell_v that_o water_n throw_v upon_o snow_n freeze_v it_o which_o they_o therefore_o make_v use_n of_o to_o incrustate_n several_a body_n with_o ice_n yet_o one_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o general_o at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o sharpness_n of_o the_o air_n be_v so_o violent_a as_o to_o incrustate_n several_a body_n with_o ice_n when_o only_a water_n be_v make_v use_n of_o so_o that_o in_o try_v such_o experiment_n we_o be_v to_o consider_v the_o temperature_n of_o the_o air_n at_o the_o same_o time_n which_o have_v a_o great_a influence_n in_o promote_a or_o vary_v the_o effect_n of_o such_o trial_n 3._o how_o deep_a frost_n penetrate_v into_o water_n and_o earth_n will_v be_v a_o very_a hard_a thing_n to_o determine_v since_o earth_n especial_o may_v be_v more_o or_o less_o dispose_v to_o freeze_v according_a to_o the_o several_a degree_n of_o cold_a and_o its_o duration_n the_o texââââ¦_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o juice_n dââââ¦ed_v through_o it_o or_o subterraneal_a steam_n whence_o large_a tract_n of_o land_n that_o lie_v over_o some_o mine_n be_v always_o free_a from_o snow_n good_a quantity_n of_o limestone_n be_v near_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n 4._o but_o though_o it_o be_v so_o difficult_a to_o know_v to_o what_o depth_n frost_n will_v reach_v yet_o that_o we_o may_v contribute_v as_o much_o as_o we_o can_v to_o the_o general_a history_n of_o cold_a we_o shall_v add_v the_o follow_a note_n after_o four_o night_n hard_a frost_n the_o ground_n in_o the_o orchard_n be_v freeze_v about_o 3_o inch_n deep_a and_o in_o the_o
nitre_n beside_o since_o common_a salt_n co-operate_v with_o snow_n in_o the_o production_n of_o ice_n as_o well_o as_o salt-petre_n and_o according_a to_o democritus_n have_v part_n of_o a_o cubical_a figure_n which_o he_o assign_v to_o cold_a atom_n and_o since_o gassendus_fw-la observe_v that_o salt-petre_n consist_v of_o part_n not_o altogether_o so_o apt_a for_o the_o production_n of_o cold_a these_o figure_n be_v not_o pyramidal_a but_o prismatical_a i_o say_v since_o these_o circumstance_n all_o concur_v i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o common_a salt_n may_v not_o be_v number_v among_o those_o body_n that_o be_v apt_a to_o produce_v cold._n 14._o nay_o sometime_o it_o may_v happen_v that_o more_o violent_a degree_n of_o cold_a may_v be_v cause_v by_o a_o like_a coalition_n of_o several_a sort_n of_o salt_n so_o the_o coldness_n of_o snow_n be_v advance_v by_o a_o mixture_n of_o nitre_n or_o common_a salt_n or_o other_o appropriate_v additament_n but_o i_o must_v confess_v that_o it_o be_v a_o doubt_n with_o i_o whether_o cold_a depend_v on_o any_o such_o saline_a exhalation_n or_o the_o effect_n of_o frigorifick_a atom_n but_o to_o pass_v by_o this_o scruple_n at_o present_a without_o any_o further_a notice_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o what_o i_o have_v say_v upon_o this_o title_n be_v not_o so_o much_o to_o confute_v what_o opinion_n i_o have_v mention_v as_o to_o show_v that_o they_o be_v doubtful_a one_o particular_a referrable_a to_o the_o xvii_o title_n i_o be_o tell_v by_o the_o russian_a emperor_n physician_n that_o in_o the_o northern_a province_n of_o russia_n the_o earth_n be_v thaw_v but_o the_o depth_n of_o two_o foot_n and_o yet_o good_a corn_n grow_v upon_o it_o title_n xviii_o experiment_n and_o observation_n touch_v the_o coldness_n and_o temperature_n of_o the_o air._n air._n of_o the_o temper_n of_o the_o air._n 1._o though_o gassendus_fw-la and_o several_a other_o assert_v that_o the_o air_n be_v indifferent_a as_o to_o cold_a and_o heat_n yet_o since_o cold_a be_v only_o a_o relative_n quality_n and_o since_o the_o part_n of_o the_o air_n be_v of_o themselves_o in_o a_o less_o degree_n of_o agitation_n than_o the_o humour_n about_o our_o sensory_a i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v esteem_v cold_a for_o notwithstanding_o it_o may_v acquire_v a_o considerable_a degree_n of_o heat_n by_o the_o adventitious_a effect_n of_o the_o sunbeam_n or_o fire_n yet_o we_o see_v that_o it_o natural_o tend_v to_o coolness_n itself_o again_o and_o as_o for_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o air_n though_o i_o deny_v not_o but_o that_o frigorifick_a atom_n may_v be_v mix_v with_o it_o yet_o i_o judge_v they_o not_o absolute_o or_o altogether_o requisite_a to_o the_o production_n of_o cold_a since_o a_o bare_a diminution_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o its_o part_n be_v sufficient_a to_o produce_v such_o a_o quality_n in_o high_a or_o more_o remiss_a degree_n 2._o but_o the_o principal_a intent_n of_o this_o section_n be_v to_o 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hang_v upon_o their_o clothes_n 5._o as_o for_o the_o degree_n of_o cold_a in_o the_o air_n dr._n fletcher_n tell_v we_o that_o in_o russia_n if_o they_o go_v out_o of_o a_o warm_a room_n into_o the_o cold_a it_o make_v they_o breath_n with_o difficulty_n it_o be_v observe_v at_o moscow_n that_o water_n throw_v up_o into_o the_o air_n fall_v down_o congeal_v the_o air_n be_v so_o cold_a and_o at_o smolensko_n in_o russia_n the_o spital_n freeze_v before_o it_o can_v fall_v from_o one_o mouth_n to_o the_o ground_n 6._o i_o have_v observe_v the_o air_n grow_v sensible_o heavy_a in_o frosty_a wether_n but_o whether_o it_o depend_v on_o any_o frigorifick_a atom_n disperse_v through_o the_o air_n or_o not_o i_o shall_v leave_v to_o be_v decide_v by_o further_a trial_n in_o northern_a country_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o foggy_a wether_n present_o vanish_v when_o frost_n begin_v the_o moist_a vapour_n be_v by_o that_o condense_a and_o precipitate_v and_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n 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either_o propose_v as_o promiscuous_a or_o in_o confirmation_n of_o the_o three_o follow_a observation_n 1._o that_o the_o great_a or_o lesser_a coldness_n of_o the_o air_n in_o several_a climate_n and_o country_n be_v nothing_o near_o so_o regular_o proportionate_a to_o their_o respective_a distance_n from_o the_o pole_n or_o their_o vicinity_n to_o the_o equator_fw-la as_o man_n be_v wont_a to_o presume_v it_o have_v be_v observe_v that_o of_o place_n of_o a_o equal_a distance_n from_o the_o northern_a and_o southern_a pole_n those_o near_o the_o latter_a be_v cold_o though_o in_o moscow_n the_o cold_a be_v almost_o intolerable_a yet_o in_o edinburgh_n which_o be_v a_o degree_n more_o northwards_o the_o air_n be_v temperate_a enough_o and_o the_o snow_n seldom_o lie_v on_o the_o ground_n mr._n pool_n in_o his_o northern_a voyage_n tell_v we_o that_o it_o do_v
archangel_n the_o air_n be_v so_o healthful_a they_o use_v very_o little_a physic_n so_o that_o the_o poor_a sort_n live_v 80_o or_o 100_o year_n old_a title_n xix_o of_o the_o strange_a effect_n of_o cold_a cold._n of_o the_o strange_a effect_n of_o cold._n the_o dutch_a tell_v we_o that_o they_o find_v it_o so_o cold_a in_o nova_n zembla_n that_o when_o their_o sheet_n be_v wash_v and_o hang_v to_o dry_a by_o a_o fire_n one_o side_n will_v freeze_v as_o the_o other_o thaw_v and_o that_o they_o themselves_o be_v so_o cold_a that_o they_o can_v not_o warm_v themselves_o by_o the_o fire_n for_o they_o usual_o smell_v their_o stocking_n burn_v before_o they_o be_v sensible_a of_o the_o heat_n and_o capt._n james_n tell_v we_o that_o in_o charlton-island_n the_o one_o side_n of_o water_n in_o a_o vessel_n freeze_v whilst_o the_o other_o be_v next_o the_o fire_n to_o these_o relation_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o marcus_n polus_n be_v tell_v that_o on_o a_o plain_a which_o be_v betwixt_o 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that_o it_o have_v considerable_a effect_n on_o wood_n brick_n stone_n vessel_n of_o glass_n earth_n and_o even_o pewter_n and_o iron_n themselves_o to_o which_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o though_o cold_a preserve_v some_o plant_n yet_o a_o excessive_a degree_n of_o it_o destroy_v they_o 5._o capt._n james_n tell_v we_o that_o he_o find_v the_o cold_a when_o at_o the_o high_a degree_n insupportable_a and_o olearius_n acquaint_v we_o that_o sometime_o the_o cold_a in_o muscovy_n be_v so_o excessive_a that_o neither_o motion_n nor_o clothes_n resist_v the_o ill_a effect_n of_o it_o but_o in_o moscow_n the_o air_n be_v very_o good_a and_o healthly_a the_o plague_n very_o seldom_o happen_v there_o and_o dr._n fletcher_n tell_v we_o that_o in_o russia_n it_o be_v so_o cold_a sometime_o that_o people_n fall_v dead_a in_o the_o street_n and_o that_o the_o bear_n and_o wolf_n invade_v and_o plunder_n the_o town_n in_o whole_a troop_n and_o the_o effect_n of_o cold_a have_v be_v find_v so_o strange_a sometime_o that_o it_o have_v cause_v blister_n to_o rise_v not_o only_o upon_o the_o hand_n and_o face_n but_o their_o arm_n and_o leg_n beside_o these_o instance_n capt._n james_n tell_v we_o that_o their_o clothes_n will_v be_v cover_v over_o with_o frost_n and_o iceicle_n will_v so_o hang_v to_o their_o hair_n that_o he_o be_v force_v to_o shave_v his_o head_n and_o face_n that_o they_o may_v have_v nothing_o to_o hang_v at_o and_o purchas_n say_v that_o their_o very_a shoe_n will_v be_v cover_v over_o with_o a_o hoar-frost_n on_o the_o inside_n so_o that_o they_o be_v not_o able_a to_o wear_v they_o and_o i_o be_o tell_v that_o a_o army_n of_o 40000_o of_o the_o turk_n all_o perish_v at_o once_o by_o excessive_a cold._n i_o be_o also_o inform_v that_o a_o province_n of_o poland_n of_o the_o same_o height_n of_o the_o pole_n with_o normandy_n be_v subject_a to_o some_o sort_n of_o cold_n which_o occasion_n a_o peculiar_a kind_n of_o sickness_n and_o at_o other_o time_n 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one_o bowl_n in_o motion_n strike_v against_o another_o not_o in_o motion_n communicate_v as_o much_o of_o its_o motion_n as_o it_o can_v to_o the_o other_o and_o lose_v it_o be_v own_o and_o so_o the_o vapour_n and_o steam_n in_o a_o room_n in_o frosty_a wether_n strike_v against_o the_o glass-window_n be_v deprive_v of_o their_o motion_n and_o freeze_v which_o be_v observe_v to_o be_v much_o thick_a upon_o the_o glass_n in_o russia_n than_o here_o in_o england_n a_o note_n out_o of_o martinius_n in_o his_o account_n of_o china_n this_o author_n tell_v we_o that_o at_o peking_n though_o the_o pole_n be_v not_o elevate_v above_o 42_o degree_n yet_o for_o four_o month_n together_o from_o the_o middle_n of_o november_n the_o river_n be_v freeze_v in_o one_o day_n so_o that_o they_o bear_v coach_n and_o horse_n a_o note_v take_v out_o of_o martinius_n cromerus_n his_o polonia_n the_o cold_a be_v so_o violent_a in_o these_o country_n sometime_o that_o the_o tree_n wither_v at_o the_o 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arctic_a circle_n tell_v i_o he_o can_v eat_v as_o much_o in_o one_o day_n as_o in_o ten_o here_o and_o that_o after_o they_o have_v sail_v over_o a_o deep_a blue_a sea_n they_o come_v to_o one_o as_o black_a as_o ink_n which_o be_v sound_v it_o be_v above_o 70_o fathom_n sack_n be_v freeze_v and_o thaw_v again_o present_o lose_v its_o vigour_n 3._o in_o these_o part_v the_o frost_n penetrate_v the_o ground_n five_o foot_n and_o the_o ice_n in_o iberia_n in_o the_o river_n ob_fw-la be_v say_v to_o be_v a_o fathom_n and_o a_o half_a thick_a there_o be_v there_o but_o twelve_o week_n in_o the_o whole_a year_n without_o frost_n the_o river_n have_v breathe_a place_n a_o mile_n long_o out_o of_o which_o fume_n ascend_v as_o out_o of_o a_o cellar_n when_o the_o door_n be_v open_v death_n by_o cold_a be_v not_o painful_a if_o it_o be_v intense_a cold_n dry_v excessive_o cleave_v the_o earth_n and_o cause_n timber_n to_o crack_v title_n xx._n experiment_n concern_v the_o weight_n of_o body_n freeze_v and_o unfrozen_a unfrozen_a the_o weight_n of_o body_n freeze_v and_o unfrozen_a 1._o to_o try_v whether_o body_n upon_o freeze_v will_v grow_v heavy_a since_o epicurus_n and_o other_o atomist_n suppose_v congelation_n to_o depend_v upon_o the_o crowd_v in_o of_o frigorifick_a atom_n we_o expose_v egg_n to_o be_v freeze_v all_o night_n and_o in_o the_o morning_n we_o find_v they_o have_v lose_v four_o grain_n of_o their_o weight_n which_o we_o suspect_v to_o proceed_v from_o the_o avolition_n of_o some_o exhalation_n through_o the_o shell_n since_o at_o other_o time_n we_o observe_v that_o egg_n counterpoise_v lose_v eight_o grain_n of_o their_o weight_n in_o some_o process_n of_o time_n 2._o water_n freeze_v and_o weigh_v counterpoise_v a_o grain_n and_o a_o little_a more_o than_o when_o it_o be_v thaw_v but_o the_o experiment_n be_v make_v in_o a_o glass_n with_o a_o long_a stem_n hermetical_o seal_v when_o the_o water_n be_v freeze_v it_o be_v as_o heavy_a or_o heavy_a after_o it_o be_v thaw_v and_o the_o same_o equality_n of_o weight_n betwixt_o freeze_a and_o unfrozen_a water_n happen_v in_o other_o experiment_n 3._o stone_n be_v weigh_v after_o expose_v to_o the_o cold_a air_n and_o also_o in_o a_o warm_a air_n they_o seem_v to_o discover_v a_o increase_n of_o weight_n but_o i_o suspect_v it_o proceed_v from_o water_n imbibe_v into_o their_o pore_n since_o stone_n be_v observe_v to_o increase_v their_o weight_n in_o water_n and_o further_o because_o one_o that_o be_v well_o polish_v and_o not_o apt_a to_o imbibe_n water_n retain_v bare_o its_o own_o weight_n so_o that_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o epicurean_a freeze_v must_v be_v invalid_a except_o he_o suppose_v the_o frigorifick_a atom_n like_o those_o of_o a_o loadstone_n to_o be_v without_o weight_n a_o appendix_n to_o the_o xx_o title_n the_o foregoing_a experiment_n may_v not_o only_o satisfy_v we_o that_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o epicurean_o be_v erroneous_a but_o may_v likewise_o help_v we_o to_o correct_v some_o extravagant_a relation_n on_o the_o other_o hand_n for_o helmont_n tell_v we_o that_o water_n thaw_v in_o a_o vessel_n hermetical_o seal_v be_v â
_n heavy_a than_o before_o but_o perhaps_o this_o difference_n may_v in_o part_n depend_v on_o the_o access_n of_o vapour_n on_o the_o outside_n the_o glass_n in_o opposition_n to_o what_o manalphus_n tell_v we_o i_o find_v that_o water_n freeze_v in_o a_o metalline_a porringer_n in_o one_o experiment_n lose_v 50_o in_o another_o 60_o grain_n of_o its_o weight_n which_o i_o attribute_v to_o a_o avolition_n of_o some_o part_n of_o the_o water_n since_o when_o we_o order_v the_o matter_n so_o that_o no_o water_n can_v steam_v out_o there_o be_v no_o considerable_a increase_n or_o decrease_v in_o the_o weight_n of_o water_n freeze_v or_o thaw_v particular_n referrable_a to_o the_o xx_o title_n 1._o quicksilver_n be_v weigh_v in_o the_o air_n and_o afterward_o counterpoise_v in_o water_n when_o by_o the_o application_n of_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n it_o begin_v to_o freeze_v the_o bubble_n weigh_v ¾_n of_o a_o grain_n less_o than_o before_o a_o globe_n of_o snow_n ram_v into_o a_o mould_n who_o diameter_n be_v a_o inch_n weigh_v 112_o grain_n a_o globe_n of_o ice_n of_o the_o same_o diameter_n weigh_v 2_o dram_fw-la and_o 5_o grain_n 2._o after_o a_o long_a frost_n and_o snow_n the_o liquor_n in_o the_o gage_v weatherglass_n stand_v below_o the_o first_o mark_n but_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o baroscope_n stand_v at_o near_o 2_o â_o below_o 29_o inch_n which_o perhaps_o may_v be_v attribute_v to_o the_o high_a wind._n 3._o four_o ounce_n of_o snow_n be_v counter_o poise_v be_v expose_v to_o the_o frost_n all_o night_n and_o at_o 10_o or_o 11_o in_o the_o morning_n have_v lose_v near_o 30_o grain_n which_o part_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v evaporate_v the_o melt_a liquor_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o scale_n amount_v to_o no_o more_o than_o 8_o grain_n 4._o two_o ounce_n of_o snow_n depress_v flat_a so_o as_o to_o form_v a_o large_a superficies_n and_o counterpoise_v in_o a_o night_n time_n lose_v 55_o grain_n no_o water_n be_v find_v in_o the_o scale_n and_o two_o hour_n after_o the_o decrement_n be_v 63_o grain_n none_o of_o the_o snow_n appear_v yet_o to_o be_v melt_v title_n xxi_o promiscuous_a experiment_n and_o observation_n concern_v cold._n power_n whether_o frost_n hinder_v odoriferous_a effluvia_fw-la from_o exert_v their_o power_n 1._o several_a flower_n be_v gather_v in_o december_n and_o january_n and_o hasty_o smelâed_v ãâã_d have_v no_o sensible_a effect_n on_o the_o sensory_a whicâ_n phaenomenon_n i_o attribute_v to_o the_o frost_n hinder_v a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o spirituous_a sap_n from_o rise_v up_o into_o they_o and_o not_o that_o it_o prevent_v those_o spirituous_a part_n from_o emit_v effluvia_fw-la since_o a_o vigorous_a fresh_a primrose_n have_v a_o odour_n genuine_a and_o sweet_a 2._o rose-water_n be_v freeze_v when_o it_o be_v whole_o ice_n afford_v a_o genuine_a scent_n but_o something_o faint_a than_o when_o it_o be_v thaw_v again_o but_o in_o make_v these_o experiment_n it_o be_v requisite_a that_o the_o body_n smell_v at_o shall_v not_o be_v hold_v too_o long_o near_o the_o nose_n lest_o the_o warmth_n of_o one_o face_n shall_v help_v to_o excite_v those_o odoriferous_a part_n and_o consequent_o frustrate_v the_o trial_n 3._o stink_v water_n be_v expose_v to_o the_o cold_a and_o freeze_v be_v altogether_o inodorous_a 4._o it_o be_v report_v by_o several_a and_o attest_v by_o olearius_n that_o the_o russian_n and_o livonian_o enable_v themselves_o to_o bear_v cold_a extreme_o by_o go_v out_o of_o their_o store_n naked_a immediate_o into_o cold_a water_n and_o even_o ice_n itself_o 5._o have_v make_v use_n of_o a_o good_a
have_v upon_o occult_a quality_n as_o well_o as_o manifest_a one_o and_o likewise_o upon_o fermentation_n since_o it_o be_v observe_v to_o retardate_v the_o work_n of_o ale_n extreme_o and_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o must_v may_v be_v preserve_v sweet_a a_o long_a time_n in_o a_o deep_a well_o or_o if_o let_v down_o into_o the_o bottom_n of_o a_o river_n and_o will_v when_o take_v up_o be_v less_o apt_a to_o ferment_n than_o other_o parcel_n of_o must_v keep_v in_o the_o warm_a air._n it_o have_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o northern_a country_n that_o the_o most_o spirituous_a part_n of_o liquor_n have_v be_v separate_v and_o collect_v together_o by_o a_o congelation_n of_o the_o phlegm_n wherefore_o to_o try_v what_o cold_a will_v effect_v in_o our_o climate_n i_o hang_v out_o a_o bottle_n of_o beer_n in_o a_o sharp_a night_n and_o find_v that_o most_o part_n of_o it_o be_v freeze_v the_o liquor_n which_o be_v not_o freeze_v be_v very_o strong_a and_o spirituous_a the_o freeze_a part_n 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much_o impair_v by_o be_v freeze_v i_o suppose_v it_o to_o proceed_v hence_o viz._n that_o the_o alimental_a juice_n be_v expend_v by_o freeze_a have_v not_o its_o own_o texture_n alter_v only_o but_o even_o the_o solid_a vessel_n which_o contain_v it_o be_v thereby_o bruise_v and_o crush_v for_o from_o several_a experiment_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o egg_n will_v be_v burst_v by_o the_o freeze_a of_o the_o alimental_a juice_n and_o that_o the_o texture_n of_o stone_n and_o vegetable_n will_v be_v destroy_v by_o the_o powerful_a congelation_n of_o their_o respective_a juice_n which_o will_v be_v less_o wonder_v at_o if_o we_o consider_v that_o aqueous_a part_n by_o their_o expansion_n be_v able_a to_o burst_v the_o barrel_n of_o a_o gun_n have_v i_o have_v leisure_n and_o conveniency_n i_o will_v have_v try_v what_o effect_n cold_a have_v upon_o animal_n freeze_v to_o death_n but_o have_v expose_v a_o rabbit_n to_o the_o cold_a all_o night_n i_o find_v that_o only_o one_o leg_n be_v swell_v and_o a_o little_a stiff_a but_o a_o strangle_a rabbit_n be_v expose_v to_o be_v freeze_v ice_n be_v produce_v in_o several_a part_n it_o be_v affirm_v by_o several_a modern_a writer_n that_o if_o water_n be_v impregnate_v with_o the_o salt_n of_o vegetable_n upon_o congelation_n they_o will_v represent_v the_o shape_n of_o the_o plant_n they_o belong_v to_o but_o notwithstanding_o i_o have_v several_a time_n try_v the_o experiment_n i_o find_v it_o either_o false_a or_o very_o contingent_a since_o it_o do_v not_o once_o answer_v expectation_n but_o have_v expose_v a_o lixivium_n of_o pot-ash_n to_o freeze_v i_o find_v that_o the_o crystal_n upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n be_v prismatical_a and_o that_o under_o those_o lie_v a_o great_a many_o thin_a parallel_n plate_n of_o ice_n but_o not_o range_v in_o such_o a_o order_n as_o to_o represent_v the_o shape_n of_o tree_n and_o though_o bartholinus_n tell_v we_o that_o if_o a_o decoction_n of_o cabbage_n be_v freeze_v it_o will_v represent_v a_o cabbage_n yet_o i_o can_v never_o find_v that_o the_o experiment_n succeed_v except_o that_o once_o there_o appear_v the_o faint_a resemblance_n of_o a_o single_a leaf_n but_o i_o have_v find_v that_o fair_a water_n freeze_v will_v represent_v the_o shape_n of_o vegetable_n often_o than_o their_o decoction_n and_o though_o berigardus_n also_o affirm_v the_o same_o yet_o i_o suspect_v that_o he_o only_o wirt_z without_o try_v the_o experiment_n himself_o and_o yet_o i_o deny_v not_o but_o that_o prepossessed_a spectator_n may_v fancy_v they_o see_v such_o thing_n when_o they_o do_v not_o for_o though_o sea-salt_n and_o alum_n consist_v of_o part_n of_o determinate_a figure_n yet_o when_o dissolve_v in_o water_n they_o exhibit_v figure_n too_o various_a and_o extravagant_a not_o to_o be_v refer_v to_o chance_n and_o on_o this_o occasion_n to_o what_o have_v be_v say_v i_o shall_v add_v that_o by_o distil_v and_o rectify_v oil_n of_o turpentine_n from_o sea-salt_n in_o a_o glass-head_n as_o the_o degree_n of_o heat_n be_v vary_a so_o will_v the_o figure_n of_o tree_n be_v represent_v different_a on_o the_o inside_n the_o glass_n and_o i_o have_v several_a time_n produce_v the_o shape_n of_o tree_n from_o body_n belong_v to_o the_o animal_n kingdom_n and_o i_o have_v find_v that_o though_o figure_v curious_a enough_o will_v be_v represent_v by_o spirit_n solution_n decoction_n vinegar_n milk_n and_o even_o common_a water_n yet_o it_o be_v in_o vain_a to_o hope_v for_o the_o same_o success_n and_o that_o the_o like_a figure_n shall_v always_o be_v afford_v by_o the_o same_o liquor_n since_o very_o small_a circumstance_n will_v vary_v they_o considerable_o and_o in_o try_v of_o such_o experiment_n as_o these_o it_o may_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o advertise_v that_o it_o will_v be_v convenient_a that_o the_o liquor_n shall_v be_v as_o shallow_a as_o it_o possible_o may_v that_o it_o may_v be_v more_o speedy_o freeze_v a_o freeze_a egg_n be_v put_v into_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n instead_o of_o common_a water_n it_o gather_v not_o about_o it_o any_o crusty_a film_n it_o be_v observe_v by_o mr._n wood_n that_o though_o new-england_n be_v 10_o or_o 11_o degree_n remote_a from_o the_o pole_n yet_o the_o winter_n be_v much_o more_o pierce_a and_o cold_a than_o we_o and_o to_o what_o have_v be_v deliver_v in_o the_o xviii_o title_n of_o the_o infrigidating_a power_n of_o wind_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o sometime_o it_o have_v be_v so_o much_o more_o cold_a than_o at_o other_o that_o be_v blow_v through_o the_o frigorifick_a mixture_n it_o will_v cause_v not_o only_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n to_o subside_o but_o be_v blow_v upon_o the_o ball_n of_o another_o weatherglass_n not_o only_o the_o liquor_n but_o even_o mercury_n itself_o will_v be_v force_v to_o ascend_v though_o the_o vicinity_n of_o the_o frigorifick_a mixture_n can_v not_o cause_v that_o effect_n and_o i_o have_v often_o try_v that_o when_o the_o temperature_n of_o the_o air_n be_v such_o that_o though_o when_o first_o blow_v upon_o the_o ball_n of_o a_o nice_a thermoscope_n it_o will_v not_o cause_v the_o liquor_n to_o ascend_v yet_o at_o another_o season_n the_o tinged_a liquor_n ascend_v as_o if_o the_o air_n by_o be_v more_o than_o ordinary_o compress_v in_o the_o room_n have_v some_o sensible_a effect_n in_o compress_v and_o contract_v the_o air_n include_v in_o the_o thermoscope_n to_o try_v whether_o liquor_n by_o lose_v their_o fluidity_n and_o become_v consistent_a will_v acquire_v a_o great_a degree_n of_o coldness_n i_o cause_v the_o ball_n of_o a_o weatherglass_n to_o be_v immerse_v in_o salad-oil_n and_o a_o solution_n of_o minium_n in_o vinegar_n or_o of_o quicklime_n in_o water_n either_o of_o which_o will_v coagulate_v the_o oil_n but_o i_o do_v not_o find_v that_o
it_o it_o will_v upon_o the_o melt_a of_o the_o snow_n be_v turn_v into_o ice_n but_o this_o experiment_n have_v be_v often_o try_v succeed_v not_o yet_o though_o it_o shall_v any_o other_o agent_n which_o will_v melt_v the_o ice_n will_v as_o soon_o produce_v the_o effect_n antiperistasis_n what_o the_o severel_n region_n of_o the_o air_n offer_v in_o favour_n of_o antiperistasis_n but_o as_o a_o further_a argument_n of_o a_o antiperistasis_n it_o be_v urge_v that_o in_o the_o summer_n the_o low_a and_o three_o region_n of_o the_o air_n be_v hot_a and_o the_o middlemost_a cold_a which_o to_o i_o seem_v rather_o assert_v than_o prove_v for_o not_o to_o insist_v on_o this_o viz._n that_o according_a to_o the_o peripatetic_n the_o natural_a state_n of_o the_o air_n be_v hot_a i_o see_v not_o how_o it_o shall_v be_v cold_a in_o summer_n nor_o can_v i_o see_v why_o the_o three_o region_n shall_v be_v so_o hot_a since_o it_o lie_v so_o far_o from_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n that_o the_o reflect_a ray_n of_o the_o sun_n can_v reach_v it_o and_o though_o it_o be_v urge_v that_o it_o be_v hot_a because_o meteor_n have_v be_v kindle_v there_o yet_o the_o same_o argument_n will_v prove_v the_o middle_a region_n hot_a since_o meteor_n and_o lightning_n have_v be_v observe_v there_o and_o even_o in_o the_o low_a region_n it_o be_v common_a in_o storm_n for_o it_o hose_n fire_v call_v helena_n or_o castor_n and_o pollux_n to_o hover_v about_o the_o mast_n of_o ship_n examine_v a_o aphorism_n of_o hypocrates_n examine_v it_o be_v a_o aphorism_n of_o the_o great_a hypocrates_n ventres_fw-la byme_n esse_fw-la calidiores_fw-la but_o this_o be_v ground_v upon_o a_o supposition_n that_o digestion_n depend_v on_o heat_n and_o therefore_o it_o must_v be_v great_a in_o winter_n because_o man_n have_v sharp_a appetite_n all_o that_o i_o need_v to_o offer_v to_o repugn_v this_o be_v that_o digestion_n be_v not_o perform_v by_o heat_n since_o several_a voracious_a fish_n digest_v very_o strong_o who_o stomach_n and_o blood_n be_v cold._a but_o though_o concoction_n depend_v chief_o upon_o heat_n yet_o the_o great_a heat_n of_o the_o stomach_n in_o winter_n can_v not_o be_v attribute_v to_o antiperistasis_n but_o a_o retention_n of_o hot_a humour_n generate_v in_o the_o heart_n which_o gradual_o increase_v produce_v in_o all_o part_n of_o the_o body_n a_o more_o than_o ordinary_a heat_n and_o by_o that_o mean_n prepare_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o the_o stomachical_a menstruum_fw-la bend_v contrary_n themselves_o in_o respect_n of_o other_o quality_n agree_v in_o this_o that_o they_o increase_v appetite_n as_o spice_n wine_n and_o vinegar_n and_o also_o wormwood_n and_o juice_n of_o lemon_n and_o fromundus_n have_v observe_v that_o he_o himself_o have_v be_v take_v with_o a_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d upon_o walk_v upon_o snow_n which_o since_o they_o be_v not_o so_o frequent_a in_o the_o northern_a and_o cold_o climate_n i_o be_o apt_a to_o believe_v proceed_v from_o some_o other_o particle_n convey_v into_o the_o blood_n along_o with_o those_o frigorifick_a atom_n hail_v be_v think_v by_o the_o aristotelian_o to_o be_v generate_v in_o the_o low_a region_n of_o the_o air_n examine_v the_o aristotelian_a production_n of_o hail_n examine_v the_o drop_n of_o rain_n that_o fall_v out_o of_o the_o middle_a region_n be_v there_o congeal_v by_o a_o antiperistasis_n and_o that_o it_o be_v only_o generate_v in_o summer_n but_o on_o the_o contrary_a i_o have_v observe_v myself_o the_o great_a shower_n of_o hail_n that_o ever_o i_o see_v to_o fall_v in_o january_n when_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o frost_n have_v render_v the_o low_a region_n of_o the_o air_n cold_a at_o which_o time_n a_o servant_n to_o one_o of_o my_o domestic_n tell_v her_o master_n that_o she_o be_v lead_v out_o of_o her_o way_n by_o a_o ignis_fw-la fatuus_fw-la which_o till_o she_o can_v follow_v it_o no_o further_o she_o take_v to_o be_v a_o candle_n carry_v by_o another_o person_n before_o she_o where_o how_o the_o nocturnal_a air_n can_v kindle_v a_o fiery_a meteor_n by_o its_o coldness_n and_o congeal_v snow_n by_o its_o heat_n i_o profess_v i_o can_v understand_v beside_o be_v aristotle_n account_n true_a i_o see_v not_o why_o they_o shall_v never_o see_v it_o hail_n at_o alexandria_n and_o pelusium_n place_n in_o egypt_n where_o the_o low_a region_n of_o the_o air_n be_v hot_a enough_o and_o where_o it_o rain_v frequent_o beside_o we_o have_v see_v grain_n of_o hail_n large_a by_o much_o than_o drep_v of_o rain_n and_o at_o lion_n in_o france_n the_o virtuoso_n take_v notice_n of_o a_o shower_n of_o hail_n who_o grain_n be_v as_o large_a as_o a_o tennis-ball_n and_o bartholinus_n tell_v we_o that_o he_o himself_o have_v observe_v some_o so_o large_a that_o they_o weigh_v a_o pound_n and_o to_o these_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o though_o aristotle_n assert_n hail_n to_o be_v generate_v in_o the_o low_a ãâã_d and_o snow_n in_o the_o upper_a i_o have_v observe_v grain_n of_o ice_n which_o contain_v snow_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o they_o the_o next_o argument_n allege_v in_o favour_n of_o antiperistasis_n and_o to_o be_v examine_v be_v the_o coldness_n of_o cellar_n in_o summer_n and_o their_o heat_n in_o winter_n and_o first_o i_o deny_v that_o the_o air_n in_o cellar_n be_v cool_a in_o summer_n than_o winter_n since_o the_o reason_n why_o we_o feel_v it_o so_o be_v only_o the_o predisposition_n of_o our_o sensory_n which_o be_v comparative_o warm_a by_o be_v enclose_v in_o so_o warm_a a_o air_n as_o that_o they_o be_v encompass_v with_o in_o the_o summer_n but_o suppose_v that_o not_o only_o our_o sense_n but_o weather-glass_n shall_v inform_v we_o that_o the_o air_n in_o cellar_n be_v cold_o in_o the_o summer_n than_o winter_n yet_o it_o may_v be_v account_v for_o without_o a_o antiperistasis_n for_o since_o there_o be_v several_a hot_a effluvia_fw-la send_v up_o from_o subterraneal_a part_n these_o restrain_v and_o keep_v from_o fly_v away_o in_o the_o winter_n may_v alter_v the_o temper_n of_o the_o soil_n and_o subterraneal_a water_n but_o when_o by_o the_o heat_n of_o summer_n the_o pore_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v open_v and_o way_n be_v make_v for_o the_o avolition_n of_o they_o upon_o that_o account_n the_o superficial_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n may_v be_v a_o little_o cool_a and_o for_o a_o like_a reason_n we_o may_v think_v cellar_n hot_a in_o the_o winter_n than_o the_o summer_n if_o we_o judge_v of_o they_o by_o the_o testimony_n of_o our_o sense_n since_o we_o be_v not_o there_o affect_v with_o those_o wind_n and_o external_n agent_n of_o cold_a as_o in_o the_o open_a air_n and_o therefore_o to_o one_o that_o come_v out_o of_o the_o open_a air_n into_o they_o they_o may_v seem_v warm_a but_o that_o cellar_n be_v cold_o in_o the_o winter_n than_o the_o summer_n when_o we_o estimate_v the_o degree_n of_o they_o by_o body_n that_o be_v not_o alike_o subject_a to_o predisposition_n as_o our_o body_n be_v will_v appear_v from_o what_o follow_v and_o first_o two_o seal_a weather-glass_n be_v hang_v out_o in_o a_o frosty_a evening_n till_o they_o be_v both_o of_o a_o equal_a temper_n the_o one_o of_o they_o remove_v into_o a_o cellar_n in_o two_o or_o three_o hour_n ascend_v five_o or_o fix_v division_n whilst_o that_o which_o remain_v in_o the_o air_n rather_o descend_v than_o rise_v but_o in_o the_o morning_n that_o in_o the_o cellar_n descend_v a_o little_a so_o that_o the_o outward_a air_n instead_o of_o increase_v rather_o diminish_v the_o heat_n of_o the_o cellar_n and_o oil_n which_o in_o thaw_v wether_n be_v usual_o liquid_a be_v place_v in_o a_o cellar_n in_o a_o frosty_a night_n be_v congeal_v so_o that_o it_o will_v subside_o in_o other_o oil_n and_o i_o have_v further_o observe_v that_o oil_n that_o be_v freeze_v in_o the_o cellar_n upon_o a_o thaw_n rise_v instead_o of_o subside_v according_a to_o the_o doctrine_n of_o antiperistasis_n and_o in_o poland_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o in_o the_o winter_n small_a beer_n freeze_v in_o the_o cellar_n and_o the_o like_a i_o have_v observe_v in_o england_n in_o a_o cellar_n which_o in_o the_o summer_n keep_v beer_n cool_a enough_o and_o i_o be_o tell_v that_o in_o russia_n the_o cellar_n be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v so_o cold_a in_o summer_n as_o in_o winter_n that_o they_o be_v force_v to_o keep_v their_o beer_n in_o the_o summer_n in_o water_n freeze_v with_o snow_n and_o to_o dig_v their_o barrel_n out_o as_o they_o have_v occasion_n but_o though_o we_o shall_v allow_v that_o some_o cellar_n and_o vault_n be_v warm_a in_o winter_n than_o summer_n yet_o it_o do_v not_o therefore_o follow_v that_o it_o must_v be_v the_o effect_n of_o a_o antiperistasis_n since_o it_o may_v be_v do_v by_o
water_n sever_v from_o it_o by_o ice_n nine_o or_o ten_o foot_n thick_a beside_o i_o think_v it_o altogether_o inconceivable_a how_o wind_n by_o take_v upon_o the_o outside_n of_o a_o glass_n shall_v cause_v the_o water_n within_o to_o freeze_v since_o the_o freeze_a of_o water_n be_v a_o action_n much_o different_a from_o the_o put_n of_o the_o glass_n into_o a_o tremble_a motion_n beside_o we_o see_v that_o water_n will_v not_o be_v freeze_v by_o the_o blow_n of_o a_o strong_a wind_n against_o the_o outside_n of_o a_o glass_n though_o it_o will_v when_o enclose_v in_o liquor_n where_o no_o wind_n can_v come_v at_o it_o and_o those_o two_o which_o be_v not_o subject_a to_o freeze_v themselves_o and_o whereas_o mr._n hobbes_n give_v it_o as_o a_o reason_n why_o some_o well_n freeze_v not_o because_o the_o wind_n have_v not_o liberty_n to_o blow_v strong_a enough_o upon_o the_o water_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o those_o well_n that_o be_v subject_a to_o be_v freeze_v when_o northerly_a or_o easterly_a wind_n blow_v will_v freeze_v though_o cover_v over_o and_o sufficient_o guard_v from_o the_o wind_n and_o in_o cold_a winter_n whether_o the_o wind_n blow_n or_o not_o and_o whereas_o mr._n hobbes_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o lightness_n of_o ice_n above_o water_n proceed_v from_o the_o bubble_n receive_v into_o it_o whilst_o it_o be_v freeze_a the_o contrary_a be_v evident_a since_o water_n freeze_v in_o a_o seal_a glass_n will_v be_v plentiful_o stock_v with_o bubble_n as_o well_o as_o that_o which_o be_v freeze_v in_o the_o free_a air._n postscript_n to_o conclude_v this_o history_n of_o cold_a i_o shall_v instead_o of_o some_o other_o experiment_n design_v for_o this_o treatise_n subjoin_v a_o experiment_n elsewhere_o mention_v in_o the_o history_n of_o whiteness_n and_o blackness_n viz._n take_v a_o piece_n of_o cork_n and_o have_v burn_v it_o till_o it_o be_v reduce_v to_o a_o black_a coal_n and_o then_o have_v slack_v it_o in_o fair_a water_n it_o will_v by_o be_v mix_v with_o gum-water_n form_n a_o black_a ink_n which_o you_o may_v write_v what_o you_o please_v with_o which_o write_v if_o it_o be_v interline_v with_o a_o colourless_a solution_n of_o minium_n in_o spirit_n of_o vinegar_n upon_o wet_v the_o paper_n with_o a_o sponge_n dip_v in_o a_o fluid_a liquor_n prepare_v by_o mix_v three_o part_n of_o quicklime_n and_o one_o of_o yellow_a orpiment_n and_o digest_v they_o two_o or_o three_o hour_n in_o sixteen_o part_n of_o water_n the_o invisible_a solution_n of_o minium_n will_v exhibit_v black_a letter_n and_o the_o other_o black_a one_o will_v disappear_v but_o whilst_o this_o fetid_v liquor_n be_v prepare_v it_o must_v be_v well_o shake_v several_a time_n that_o the_o quicklime_n and_o the_o powder_a orpiment_n may_v the_o better_a impregnate_n it_o and_o then_o the_o decant_v and_o filter_v liquor_n must_v be_v keep_v for_o use_v but_o beside_o this_o there_o be_v several_a other_o way_n of_o make_v ink_n which_o i_o can_v be_v glad_a to_o learn_v and_o i_o myself_o have_v try_v that_o word_n may_v be_v write_v with_o a_o solution_n of_o minium_n which_o i_o can_v render_v legible_a by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o fire_n chap._n viii_o a_o account_n of_o freeze_v make_v in_o december_n and_o january_n 1662._o by_o dr._n merret_n freeze_a several_a experiment_n about_o freeze_a the_o follow_a experiment_n be_v make_v in_o wether_n which_o be_v very_o frosty_a continue_v six_o week_n yet_o not_o without_o some_o alternate_a relaxation_n in_o stone-window_n expose_v to_o the_o north_n and_o north-east-wind_n the_o vessel_n in_o which_o they_o be_v try_v be_v glass-cane_n of_o several_a boar_n earthen_a and_o pewter_n vessel_n etc._n etc._n cold_a water_n expose_v to_o the_o air_n in_o open_a pan_n be_v freeze_v in_o a_o hour_n boil_a water_n in_o two_o boil_v and_o cold_a water_n mix_v in_o ½_n the_o cold_a water_n beginning_n to_o freeze_v at_o the_o top_n and_o and_o side_n but_o the_o other_o at_o the_o bottom_n and_o when_o the_o water_n be_v cold_a at_o the_o top_n the_o same_o succeed_v with_o water_n throw_v upon_o a_o table_n the_o cold_a water_n be_v first_o freeze_v a_o four_o ounce_n vial_n with_o a_o stem_n a_o foot_n long_o and_o half_o fill_v be_v exhaust_v of_o air_n in_o vacuo_fw-la boyliano_fw-it be_v almost_o freeze_v as_o soon_o as_o water_v expose_v in_o a_o open_a pan_n and_o appear_v white_a seem_v to_o consist_v pure_o of_o bubble_n water_n in_o which_o arsenic_n be_v eight_o month_n infuse_v congeal_a into_o a_o white_a ice_n soon_o than_o water_n and_o so_o do_v solution_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o vitriol_n and_o soon_o than_o solution_n of_o other_o salt_n except_o alum_n which_o freeze_v into_o a_o ice_n white_a than_o milk_n and_o stick_v so_o fast_o to_o the_o pan_n that_o i_o can_v scarce_o separate_v it_o sandever_n present_o freeze_v but_o eris_n soon_o and_o kelp_n in_o less_o time_n than_o that_o all_o of_o they_o form_v white_a lump_n of_o ice_n salarmoniack_a frequent_o freeze_v before_o the_o rest_n of_o they_o but_o once_o after_o they_o two_o dram_n of_o common_a salt_n dissolve_v in_o four_o ounce_n of_o water_n be_v in_o hard_a frost_n congeal_v into_o a_o white_a ice_n in_o about_o thirty_o hour_n stink_v sea-water_n full_a of_o salt_n be_v expose_v in_o a_o beer-glass_n be_v cover_v with_o a_o film_n of_o ice_n as_o thick_a as_o ½_n a_o crown_n in_o twenty_o six_o hour_n when_o freeze_v it_o taste_v salt_n and_o smell_v stink_v but_o when_o thaw_v it_o have_v lose_v the_o fetor_n in_o four_o day_n more_o the_o whole_a be_v freeze_v but_o that_o in_o the_o bottom_n taste_v sharp_a than_o the_o rest_n the_o same_o water_n in_o broad_a pan_n be_v quite_o freeze_v through_o in_o thirty_o six_o hour_n and_o soon_o in_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n neither_o a_o strong_a solution_n of_o salt-petre_n noâ_n bay-salt_n nor_o salarmoniack_a be_v freeze_v in_o six_o day_n but_o a_o solution_n of_o salt_n of_o tartar_n freeze_v in_o a_o little_a more_o time_n than_o water_n and_o be_v expose_v in_o a_o tube_n it_o begin_v to_o freeze_v at_o the_o bottom_n top_n and_o side_n all_o once_o whereas_o other_o liquor_n freeze_v uniform_o either_o at_o the_o top_n or_o bottom_n first_o salt-petre_n in_o a_o cold_a season_n be_v in_o twenty_o eight_o hour_n freeze_v into_o a_o white_a ice_n which_o be_v mistake_v for_o sal-prunel_a and_o sparkle_v in_o the_o fire_n as_o that_o salt_n usual_o do_v a_o lixivium_n of_o it_o make_v with_o copperas_n or_o alum_n single_o or_o mix_v set_v in_o snow_n and_o salt_n or_o snow_n alone_o be_v freeze_v in_o one_o night_n salgem_n though_o snow_n and_o salt_n be_v mix_v with_o it_o and_o though_o it_o be_v set_v in_o snow_n and_o salt_n will_v not_o be_v bring_v to_o freeze_v but_o phlegm_n of_o vitriol_n freeze_v soon_o than_o the_o solution_n before_o mention_v oil_n of_o vitriol_n be_v coagulate_v soon_o than_o any_o of_o the_o afore_o mention_v liquor_n except_o water_n a_o large_a tube_n be_v fill_v ¼_n with_o it_o and_o be_v freeze_v taste_v of_o a_o strong_a vitriolate_a taste_n the_o coagulate_v part_n be_v of_o a_o pale_a colour_n than_o the_o other_o and_o both_o be_v pour_v together_o in_o a_o bottle_n it_o become_v too_o hot_a to_o hold_v in_o one_o hand_n this_o coagulate_v part_v remain_v unthaw_v a_o week_n after_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o liquor_n and_o another_o tube_n of_o the_o same_o oil_n be_v whole_o freeze_v it_o subsided_a ½_n a_o inch_n below_o its_o station_n to_o which_o it_o rise_v again_o upon_o a_o thaw_n but_o the_o other_o liquor_n rise_v upon_o congelation_n a_o flask_n of_o small_a beer_n freeze_v in_o thirty_o eight_o hour_n but_o three_o part_n of_o ale_n continue_v unfreeze_v after_o six_o day_n hard_a frost_n but_o at_o four_o a_o clock_n in_o the_o morning_n the_o unfreeze_v liquor_n taste_v much_o strong_a and_o brisk_a than_o before_o it_o be_v freeze_v the_o ice_n be_v less_o firm_a and_o full_a of_o bubble_n than_o common_a ice_n and_o be_v thaw_v be_v very_o pale_a and_o of_o a_o quick_a aleish_n taste_v a_o beer-glass_n of_o hull-ale_n be_v expose_v to_o the_o cold_a in_o a_o glass_n in_o twenty_o four_o hour_n be_v crust_v over_o with_o ice_n as_o thick_a as_o half_o a_o crown_n and_o that_o be_v take_v off_o it_o yield_v another_o and_o so_o successive_o till_o the_o whole_a be_v freeze_v these_o laminae_fw-la be_v all_o of_o the_o same_o colour_n and_o taste_v but_o the_o low_a be_v the_o most_o tender_a this_o ale_n will_v not_o freeze_v so_o soon_o as_o that_o which_o i_o expose_v before_o hull-ale_n have_v a_o brackish_a taste_n claret_n expose_v in_o a_o spoon_n in_o thirty_o five_o hour_n be_v turn_v into_o a_o soft_a ice_n which_o have_v the_o genuine_a
frost_n and_o tile_n of_o house_n and_o stone-building_n scale_v upon_o a_o thaw_n for_o which_o reason_n the_o north_n side_n of_o building_n first_o decay_n alabaster_n and_o marble_n that_o have_v chink_n in_o they_o usual_o break_v with_o the_o frost_n but_o solid_a marble_n do_v not_o nor_o do_v frost_n affect_v those_o stone_n or_o bituman_n which_o will_v bear_v a_o polish_v ice_n lay_v on_o a_o table_n and_o have_v salt_n strew_v upon_o it_o it_o stick_v so_o fast_o that_o it_o can_v not_o be_v separate_v without_o be_v break_v in_o piece_n and_o the_o salt_n make_v its_o way_n through_o the_o ice_n down_o to_o the_o board_n but_o if_o salt_n be_v strew_v betwixt_o the_o ice_n and_o the_o board_n it_o will_v not_o be_v freeze_v to_o it_o but_o thaw_v the_o follow_a salt_n cause_v not_o so_o firm_a a_o adhesion_n as_o common_a salt_n viz._n kelp_n sandever_n sal_fw-la indus_n gem_n prunel_n armon_n and_o pot-ash_n a_o nail_n hold_v betwixt_o my_o lip_n can_v not_o be_v remove_v without_o difficulty_n and_o pain_n a_o tincture_n of_o cochineel_n with_o spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o another_o with_o a_o little_a sea-salt_n water_n be_v freeze_v throughout_o retain_v a_o equal_a colour_n in_o all_o part_n and_o so_o do_v a_o tincture_n of_o mades-weed_n and_o indigo_n a_o decoction_n of_o soot_n be_v freeze_v without_o any_o concentration_n yet_o mr._n hook_n a_o worthy_a fellow_n of_o the_o royal_a society_n have_v observe_v the_o contrary_a effect_n egg_n and_o apples-froze_a differ_v not_o in_o weight_n nor_o do_v body_n weigh_v in_o seal_a glass_n frost_n render_v wood_n iron_n steel_n and_o the_o bone_n of_o animal_n more_o friable_a in_o frosty_a wether_n especial_o in_o those_o that_o be_v taint_v with_o the_o lues_fw-la venerea_fw-la frost_n preserve_v body_n from_o putrefaction_n and_o confirm_v the_o tone_n of_o animal_n and_o fatten_v some_o it_o clear_v the_o air_n so_o that_o musty_a stone-bottle_n be_v fill_v with_o water_n and_o freeze_v after_o a_o thaw_v be_v very_o sweet_a it_o likewise_o destroy_v animal_n and_o vegetable_n so_o that_o in_o greenland_n nothing_o but_o glass_n grow_v as_o also_o in_o nova_n zembla_n ice_n the_o quality_n of_o ice_n as_o for_o the_o quality_n of_o ice_n it_o be_v slippery_a smooth_a hard_a firm_a and_o strong_a diaphanous_a interpose_v betwixt_o the_o eye_n and_o a_o candle_n appear_v in_o many_o round_a circle_n from_o whence_o proceed_v ray_n in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o star_n a_o quarter_n of_o a_o inch_n in_o diameter_n i_o have_v see_v the_o ice_n in_o the_o thames_n eight_o inch_n thick_a and_o in_o garden-walks_a the_o earth_n freeze_v near_o two_o foot_n thick_a but_o in_o rich_a soil_n it_o do_v not_o penetrate_v above_o a_o foot_n and_o a_o quarter_n ice_n general_o swim_v but_o i_o have_v see_v snowball_n compress_v and_o moisten_v with_o water_n sink_v congeal_v oil_n of_o vitriol_n sink_v ice_n be_v cold_a than_o water_n and_o that_o quality_n be_v increase_v by_o add_v salt_n or_o snow_n it_o have_v no_o smell_n but_o check_v that_o quality_n in_o other_o body_n it_o yield_v both_o reflection_n and_o refraction_n north_n and_o north-east_n wind_n the_o absence_n of_o the_o sun_n the_o high_a part_n of_o mountain_n a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n promote_v freeze_v water_n fall_v upon_o ice_n or_o snow_n freeze_v and_o a_o mixture_n of_o beat_a ice_n with_o sea-salt_n kelp_n alum_n vitriol_n or_o nitre_n and_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n will_v promote_v freeze_v and_o if_o water_n be_v set_v upon_o such_o mixture_n it_o begin_v to_o freeze_v at_o the_o bottom_n salt_n petre_n dissolve_v in_o water_n and_o agitate_a in_o a_o cold_a season_n turn_v not_o the_o water_n into_o ice_n a_o bolt-head_n be_v place_v in_o snow_n in_o a_o pan_n though_o the_o pan_n be_v set_v on_o the_o fire_n and_o thaw_v gradual_o yet_o the_o water_n in_o the_o bolt-head_n freeze_v not_o water_n freeze_v in_o pan_n be_v set_v on_o newcastle_n coal_n in_o a_o cellar_n and_o likewise_o on_o sand_n and_o on_o the_o earthen_a floor_n they_o thaw_v in_o the_o same_o order_n and_o so_o do_v egg_n and_o apple_n a_o syphon_n may_v be_v make_v of_o ice_n through_o which_o water_n will_v run_v very_o fast_o another_o use_n which_o may_v be_v make_v of_o ice_n be_v for_o refraction_n of_o which_o mr._n hook_n have_v give_v a_o learned_a demonstration_n have_v form_v ice_n into_o various_a figure_n the_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d be_v the_o same_o as_o those_o mention_v by_o dioptrick_n writer_n we_o may_v likewise_o make_v a_o speculum_fw-la of_o it_o by_o hold_v a_o piece_n of_o paper_n behind_o it_o the_o learned_a bartholinus_n deliver_v the_o follow_a proposition_n of_o it_o 1._o that_o the_o more_o subtle_a distil_a spirit_n gain_v a_o clear_a splendour_n and_o elegancy_n from_o snow_n place_v about_o they_o 2._o the_o ray_n of_o snow_n new_o fall_v glitter_v and_o dazzle_v the_o eye_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o multitude_n of_o globuli_fw-la by_o which_o they_o be_v reflect_v 3._o a_o cabbage_n putrify_v in_o that_o part_n which_o be_v above_o the_o snow_n and_o i_o have_v observe_v great_a housleek_n or_o american_n aloe_n destroy_v by_o cold_a in_o a_o upper_a room_n and_o sea-onion_n as_o well_o as_o common_a onion_n will_v be_v putrify_v by_o the_o cold._n 4._o snow_n yield_v vapour_n plentiful_o when_o melt_v by_o the_o sunbeam_n 5._o it_o melt_v and_o fall_v off_o from_o ivy._n 6._o it_o contain_v a_o little_a earth_n in_o it_o which_o i_o have_v find_v true_a by_o evaporation_n 7._o viscosity_n with_o softness_n be_v great_a in_o new_a than_o old_a snow_n 8._o watercress_n and_o scurvygrass_n will_v grow_v under_o snow_n in_o garden_n but_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o believe_v they_o be_v at_o a_o perfect_a stand_n the_o nutritious_a juice_n be_v congeal_v 9_o air_n be_v include_v in_o snow_n whites_n of_o egg_n be_v beat_v into_o a_o frothy_a consistence_n and_o this_o be_v lay_v on_o a_o trencher_n soon_o appear_v to_o be_v snow_n a_o pail_n be_v fill_v with_o warm_a water_n and_o hair_n moss_n and_o a_o piece_n of_o rosemary_n hang_v over_o it_o the_o rise_a vapour_n stick_v to_o they_o form_v a_o hoar-frost_n and_o the_o like_a be_v observe_v on_o the_o beard_n of_o man_n and_o the_o hair_n of_o other_o animal_n 10._o snow_n abound_v with_o fat_n 11._o snow_n with_o ice_n swim_v on_o water_n 12._o snow-water_n boil_v meat_n soon_o and_o make_v flesh_n white_a i_o can_v not_o find_v that_o this_o bold_v in_o fish_n or_o flesh_n 13._o snow_n new_o fall_v have_v no_o taste_n but_o when_o it_o have_v lie_v on_o the_o ground_n it_o bite_v the_o tongue_n this_o i_o can_v not_o discern_v 14._o worm_n be_v sometime_o find_v in_o snow_n i_o can_v never_o observe_v this_o 15._o a_o strong_a salt_n may_v be_v draw_v from_o snow_n by_o a_o peculiar_a art_n 16._o after_o much_o snow_n plenty_n of_o nut_n it_o sometime_o fail_v the_o duke_n of_o tuscany_n distil_v a_o spirit_n from_o wine_n only_o by_o put_v snow_n upon_o the_o alembick_a and_o the_o duke_n of_o mantua_n have_v a_o powder_n which_o will_v freeze_v water_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o summer_n weather-glass_n be_v frame_v after_o the_o italian_a mode_n and_o in_o part_n fill_v with_o tinged_a spirit_n of_o wine_n i_o place_v one_o of_o they_o in_o a_o northwest_n window_n and_o the_o other_o in_o mr._n pullyn_n warehouse_n under_o st._n paul_n church_n in_o the_o warm_a place_n the_o spirit_n of_o both_o when_o they_o be_v settle_v on_o the_o fifteen_o of_o octob._n 62._o have_v the_o altitude_n of_o three_o inch_n and_o when_o that_o in_o my_o study-window_n be_v depress_v a_o inch_n that_o in_o the_o cellar_n receive_v no_o manifest_a alteration_n but_o when_o the_o other_o be_v depress_v two_o inch_n it_o subsided_a ¼_n of_o a_o inch_n which_o be_v the_o low_a station_n it_o subside_v to_o all_o winter_n and_o in_o april_n follow_v it_o rise_v not_o above_o the_o three_o inch_n it_o first_o stand_v at_o above_o ¼_n of_o a_o inch_n though_o that_o in_o my_o study_n be_v raise_v four_o inch_n ¼_n in_o this_o cellar_n liquor_n that_o be_v freeze_v above_o ground_n will_v be_v thaw_v in_o the_o morning_n the_o spirit_n in_o the_o glass_n above_o ground_n subside_v into_o the_o ball_n after_o two_o day_n hard_a frost_n whence_o it_o appear_v that_o cellar_n be_v not_o hot_a in_o winter_n than_o summer_n one_o thing_n observable_a be_v that_o the_o tinged_a spirit_n have_v lose_v its_o colour_n in_o the_o cellar_n in_o january_n a_o pint-bottle_n of_o claret_n a_o glass-cane_n fill_v with_o canary_n a_o solution_n of_o sal_fw-la gem._n train-oyl_n and_o the_o oil_n of_o fructus_fw-la musae_fw-la in_o a_o night_n time_n be_v all_o freeze_v except_o the_o shall_v gem_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o which_o
chrystallized_a salt_n appear_v the_o oil_n of_o the_o fruit_n become_v very_o friable_a and_o of_o a_o milky-white_a colour_n but_o the_o train_n oil_n only_o lose_v its_o fluidity_n and_o become_v of_o the_o consistence_n of_o soft_a grease_n and_o the_o same_o night_n a_o bottle_n of_o rhenish_a wine_n and_o another_o of_o strong_a white-wine_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n freeze_v the_o ice_n taste_v weak_a than_o the_o wine_n but_o the_o wine_n be_v several_a time_n freeze_v and_o thaw_v again_o neither_o lose_v any_o thing_n of_o its_o colour_n taste_v or_o strength_n mr._n hook_v show_v i_o a_o oval_a glass_n which_o have_v at_o one_o end_v a_o narrow_a cane_n a_o inch_n long_o in_o which_o water_n tinge_v with_o cochineel_n be_v freeze_v the_o ice_n on_o the_o outside_n be_v colourless_a but_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o a_o deep_a tincture_n and_o i_o have_v observe_v the_o like_a in_o flask_n contain_v the_o same_o tincture_n freeze_v flesh_n fish_n egg_n and_o apple_n be_v hold_v near_o the_o surface_n of_o water_n and_o immerse_v in_o it_o be_v crust_v over_o with_o ice_n and_o i_o have_v observe_v that_o mortar_n and_o plaster_n of_o paris_n will_v freeze_v i_o have_v see_v ice_n three_o yard_n thick_a on_o the_o bank_n of_o thames_n the_o water_n which_o flow_v successive_o over_o the_o ice_n be_v freeze_v and_o gradual_o thickening_a it_o and_o i_o have_v freeze_v a_o whole_a flask_n full_a of_o water_n by_o gradual_o pour_v it_o into_o a_o pan_n which_o confirm_v what_o olearius_n say_v of_o make_v huge_a heap_n of_o ice_n to_o preserve_v body_n though_o my_o lord_n verulam_n tell_v we_o that_o egg_n and_o apple_n cover_v with_o a_o wet_a cloth_n will_v not_o freeze_v yet_o i_o have_v not_o observe_v any_o difference_n betwixt_o they_o and_o other_o oil_n of_o animal_n and_o vegetable_a oil_n by_o expression_n subside_o syrup_n freeze_v not_o cold_n affect_v not_o lodestone_n sensible_o in_o their_o operation_n have_v expose_v distil_v water_n of_o plantain_n poppy_n black_a cherry_n nightshade_n scurvygrass_n and_o horseradish_n to_o the_o cold_a in_o order_n to_o make_v a_o standard_n for_o weather-glass_n i_o observe_v that_o the_o black-cherry-water_n be_v freeze_v first_o and_o the_o horseradish_n and_o scurvygrass_n water_n last_o the_o best_a way_n to_o discover_v when_o liquor_n begin_v to_o freeze_v first_o be_v by_o draw_v a_o pin_n through_o the_o surface_n of_o those_o liquor_n chap._n ix_o a_o new_a frigorifick_a experiment_n show_v how_o a_o considerable_a degree_n of_o cold_a may_v be_v sudden_o produce_v without_o the_o help_n of_o snow_n ice_n hail_o wind_n or_o nitre_n any_o time_n of_o the_o year_n comunicate_v in_o the_o transaction_n of_o july_n 18._o 1666._o water_n cold_a produce_v by_o a_o mixture_n of_o sal-armon_a and_o water_n if_o a_o pound_n of_o powder_a sal_fw-la ammoniac_a be_v mix_v gradual_o with_o three_o pint_n of_o water_n and_o the_o liquor_n be_v stir_v with_o a_o stick_n or_o a_o whale-bone_n whilst_o the_o salt_n be_v dissolve_v it_o will_v produce_v a_o considerable_a degree_n of_o coldness_n which_o will_v not_o only_o be_v sensible_a to_o the_o touch_n but_o if_o it_o be_v contain_v in_o a_o silver_n tankard_n the_o outside_n of_o it_o will_v be_v cover_v over_o with_o a_o multitude_n of_o little_a drop_n of_o condense_a vapour_n as_o high_a as_o the_o mixture_n reach_v and_o if_o some_o of_o it_o be_v quite_o wipe_v off_o before_o the_o mixture_n have_v lose_v its_o virtue_n it_o will_v again_o be_v cover_v over_o with_o dew_n and_o if_o the_o ball_n of_o a_o seal_a weatherglass_n be_v immerse_v in_o it_o the_o tinged_a liquor_n will_v present_o descend_v low_a than_o it_o do_v in_o common_a water_n and_o upon_o a_o removal_n of_o it_o into_o the_o air_n again_o or_o common_a water_n the_o spirit_n will_v manifest_o ascend_v and_o this_o coldness_n be_v more_o or_o less_o last_a as_o the_o season_n of_o the_o air_n contribute_v to_o its_o coldness_n and_o as_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o salt_n in_o proportion_n to_o the_o water_n be_v great_a or_o less_o or_o as_o it_o vary_v in_o goodness_n or_o as_o the_o salt_n be_v put_v in_o in_o grosser_n powder_n and_o more_o leisurely_o and_o the_o degree_n of_o cold_a may_v easy_o be_v discover_v by_o frequent_o immerge_v and_o remove_v a_o weatherglass_n out_o of_o it_o into_o water_n and_o from_o the_o latter_a into_o it_o again_o whether_o shall_v ammoniac_a mix_v with_o sand_n or_o earth_n will_v cool_v drink_v better_o than_o without_o when_o the_o mixture_n be_v sprinkle_v with_o water_n i_o have_v not_o yet_o try_v but_o i_o have_v find_v the_o aforementioned_a mixture_n cool_a liquor_n convenient_o enough_o after_o midsummer_n march_n 27._o a_o seal_a weatherglass_n be_v immerse_v in_o water_n the_o spirit_n that_o rest_v at_o 8_o 1_o â_o inch_n descend_v to_o 7_o â_o 8_o and_o then_o the_o sal-armon_a be_v put_v in_o within_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n it_o descend_v to_o 2_o 1_o â_o â
_n inch_n and_o before_o that_o time_n it_o begin_v to_o condense_a the_o vapour_n on_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o glass_n and_o when_o the_o frigorifick_a mixture_n be_v cold_a water_n place_v thin_a on_o the_o outside_n will_v be_v freeze_v in_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o minute_n about_o 3_o â_o of_o a_o hour_n after_o the_o salt_n be_v put_v in_o the_o tinged_a liquor_n be_v remove_v out_o of_o water_n into_o it_o subside_v a_o inch_n below_o the_o freeze_a mark._n at_o 2_o ½_n hour_n after_o the_o first_o solution_n it_o be_v at_o 5_o ½_n inches_n or_o 4_o ¾_n which_o mark_v the_o liquor_n stand_v at_o in_o hard_a and_o last_a frost_n in_o the_o winter_n three_o hour_n after_o the_o first_o dissolution_n the_o liquor_n stand_v at_o the_o uppermost_a freeze_a mark._n in_o try_v of_o which_o experiment_n it_o be_v observable_a that_o some_o water_n be_v shed_v it_o freeze_v the_o cucurbite_n to_o the_o table_n it_o stand_v on_o in_o another_o experiment_n before_o the_o weatherglass_n be_v put_v in_o it_o stand_v at_o 8_o â
_n but_o when_o immerse_v in_o water_n it_o sink_v to_o 7_o â
_n or_o 6_o 8_o in_o half_a a_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n in_o the_o frigorifick_a mixture_n it_o subside_v to_o 7_o ¾_n and_o in_o a_o hour_n below_o 5_o and_o consequent_o within_o a_o quarter_n of_o the_o low_a freeze_a mark._n salt_n which_o once_o have_v be_v dissolve_v may_v by_o be_v crystallize_v in_o a_o iron_n vessel_n be_v fit_a for_o use_v again_o so_o march_v 29._o the_o thermoscope_n which_o in_o the_o air_n stand_v at_o 8_o â
_n in_o water_n subside_v to_o 8_o and_o in_o the_o frigorifick_a mixture_n make_v of_o salt_n twice_o use_v before_o it_o subside_v to_o 4_o inch_n but_o upon_o a_o addition_n of_o fresh_a water_n it_o rise_v gradual_o chap._n x._o of_o the_o positive_a and_o privative_a nature_n of_o cold._n answer_v argument_n allege_v in_o favour_n of_o its_o positive_a nature_n answer_v before_o i_o proceed_v to_o enumerate_v what_o argument_n may_v be_v allege_v either_o for_o the_o positive_a or_o privative_a nature_n of_o cold_a i_o shall_v brief_o intimate_v that_o the_o word_n cold_a may_v be_v either_o consider_v in_o reference_n to_o the_o effect_n such_o body_n have_v upon_o the_o sensory_a or_o upon_o other_o body_n if_o in_o the_o latter_a then_o in_o frosty_a wether_n the_o sun_n may_v be_v say_v to_o warm_v the_o air_n because_o it_o enable_v it_o to_o melt_v the_o snow_n and_o thaw_v ice_n as_o on_o the_o contrary_a warm_a water_n be_v say_v to_o be_v cold_a in_o respect_n of_o a_o hand_n that_o be_v much_o hot_a argument_n the_o first_o argument_n but_o to_o pass_v on_o to_o argument_n in_o favour_n of_o the_o positive_a nature_n of_o cold_a the_o first_o argument_n allege_v be_v the_o considerable_a effect_n it_o have_v both_o upon_o the_o sensory_a and_o other_o body_n so_o that_o we_o may_v sum_n our_o argument_n up_o in_o the_o word_n of_o gassendus_fw-la two_o sunt_fw-la frigoris_fw-la effectus_fw-la quales_fw-la habere_fw-la privatio_fw-la quae_fw-la actionis_fw-la est_fw-la incapax_fw-la non_fw-la potest_fw-la to_o which_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o heat_n and_o cold_a depend_v only_o on_o a_o great_a or_o less_o degree_n of_o motion_n of_o the_o part_n of_o matter_n than_o those_o about_o our_o sensory_a and_o all_o perception_n be_v carry_v to_o and_o distinguish_v in_o the_o brain_n and_o be_v various_a as_o that_o motion_n be_v different_a and_o it_o be_v likewise_o consider_v that_o when_o one_o body_n communicate_v motion_n to_o another_o it_o lose_v of_o its_o own_o it_o will_v follow_v that_o when_o i_o take_v a_o piece_n of_o ice_n into_o my_o hand_n and_o it_o be_v dissolve_v by_o the_o motion_n communicate_v to_o its_o part_n the_o motion_n which_o the_o humour_n in_o my_o hand_n lose_v by_o put_v
convenient_a for_o the_o more_o commodious_a discern_v of_o the_o phaenomena_n of_o this_o experiment_n to_o try_v it_o in_o a_o dark_a place_n and_o fourthly_a it_o be_v convenient_a to_o advertise_v that_o the_o sulphur_n frequent_o so_o obscure_v the_o glass_n with_o its_o fume_n which_o partly_o stick_v to_o it_o that_o sometime_o it_o be_v very_o difficult_a to_o discern_v what_o happen_v within_o the_o glass_n five_o it_o be_v requisite_a the_o heat_n of_o the_o iron_n shall_v be_v considerable_a that_o the_o flame_n of_o the_o sulphur_n may_v be_v more_o last_v the_o flame_a of_o it_o depend_v on_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o iron_n and_o not_o the_o force_n of_o its_o own_o flame_n experiment_n iii_o a_o very_a volatile_a and_o saline_a pierce_a liquor_n be_v drop_v upon_o file_n of_o steel_n the_o mixture_n grow_v hot_a and_o emit_v out_o of_o the_o vial_n it_o be_v contain_v in_o very_o fetid_v steam_n which_o will_v kindle_v at_o the_o flame_n of_o a_o candle_n and_o continue_v to_o burn_v a_o good_a while_n where_o we_o convey_v it_o into_o our_o receiver_n and_o upon_o the_o first_o exsuction_n of_o air_n it_o flame_v brisk_a than_o before_o and_o likewise_o upon_o the_o second_o and_o three_o but_o after_o it_o go_v out_o it_o will_v not_o be_v kindle_v again_o though_o the_o air_n be_v let_v in_o upon_o it_o experiment_n iu._n spirit_n of_o wine_n be_v impregnate_v with_o a_o mineral_n which_o tinge_v its_o flame_n i_o convey_v it_o into_o the_o receiver_n in_o a_o small_a glass-lamp_n with_o a_o slender_a wick_n and_o observe_v that_o in_o half_a a_o minute_n after_o the_o pump_n be_v ply_v the_o flame_n be_v extinguish_v but_o let_v air_n in_o and_o out_o as_o occasion_v require_v i_o observe_v that_o when_o the_o flame_n begin_v to_o decay_v the_o turn-key_n be_v successive_o draw_v almost_o out_o the_o flame_n last_v a_o minute_n and_o a_o half_a and_o sometime_o long_o the_o turn-key_n be_v take_v out_o in_o the_o beginning_n it_o last_v two_o minute_n or_o better_o a_o pipe_n be_v bed_v in_o the_o cement_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o glass_n and_o have_v at_o each_o end_n a_o open_a orifice_n almost_o of_o the_o bigness_n of_o that_o which_o the_o turn-key_n usual_o fill_v the_o flame_n burn_v very_o well_o and_o will_v have_v continue_v long_o than_o it_o do_v if_o we_o will_v have_v permit_v it_o the_o orifice_n at_o the_o top_n be_v stop_v the_o low_a be_v leave_v open_a yet_o the_o flame_n begin_v to_o decay_v but_o air_n be_v blow_v in_o with_o a_o pair_n of_o bellows_o it_o be_v present_o refresh_v again_o yet_o in_o a_o minute_n after_o it_o be_v quite_o extinguish_v experiment_n v._n water_n flame_n preserve_v under_o water_n though_o it_o be_v teach_v that_o naptha_n and_o camphire_n will_v burn_v under_o water_n yet_o i_o can_v never_o find_v that_o they_o will_v but_o three_o ounce_n of_o gunpowder_n a_o drachm_n of_o well_o burn_a charcoal_n good_a sulphur_n half_a a_o drachm_n of_o choice_n salt-petre_n near_o a_o drachm_n and_o a_o half_a be_v all_o powder_a and_o mix_v together_o a_o quill_n or_o a_o tobacco-pipe_n stop_v at_o one_o end_n be_v fill_v with_o this_o mixture_n and_o kindle_v in_o the_o air_n will_v burn_v till_o it_o be_v whole_o consume_v under_o water_n the_o force_n of_o the_o flame_n keep_v the_o water_n from_o break_v in_o upon_o it_o at_o the_o open_a end_n in_o which_o experiment_n flame_n seem_v to_o be_v continue_v without_o air_n there_o be_v no_o air_n to_o preserve_v it_o under_o water_n but_o what_o may_v be_v lodge_v in_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o water_n except_o some_o moist_a particle_n betwixt_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o nitre_n in_o favour_n of_o the_o necessity_n of_o air_n to_o preserve_v flame_n may_v be_v suppose_v to_o be_v rarify_v and_o form_n air_n for_o a_o time_n as_o the_o rarefy_v exhalation_n which_o flow_v out_o of_o a_o aeolipile_n which_o be_v not_o true_a and_o permanent_a air_n but_o present_o return_v to_o water_n again_o experiment_n vi._n vacuo_fw-la of_o the_o flame_a of_o a_o metal_n in_o vacuo_fw-la have_v place_v the_o piece_n of_o iron_n so_o often_o make_v use_n of_o in_o our_o receiver_n we_o design_v to_o let_v a_o parcel_n of_o sulphur_n fall_v upon_o it_o but_o when_o we_o go_v to_o drop_v the_o sulphur_n down_o by_o accident_n it_o fall_v on_o one_o side_n the_o iron_n and_o whilst_o we_o be_v consider_v what_o to_o do_v we_o discern_v a_o a_o blue_a flame_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o glass_n which_o continue_v much_o long_o than_o that_o of_o ordinary_a sulphur_n and_o when_o we_o open_v the_o receiver_n we_o find_v that_o it_o be_v afford_v by_o a_o metalline_a substance_n which_o lie_v melt_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o concave_a superficies_n of_o the_o iron_n be_v a_o composition_n of_o lead_n and_o tin_n but_o though_o these_o metal_n mix_v so_o open_v the_o body_n of_o each_o other_o as_o to_o yield_v a_o sulphureous_a fuel_n for_o flame_n in_o vacuo_fw-la yet_o in_o the_o open_a air_n they_o will_v not_o the_o iii_o title_n of_o the_o difficult_a propagation_n of_o actual_a flame_n in_o vacuo_fw-la boyliano_fw-it experiment_n i._n have_v kindle_v some_o sulphur_n which_o be_v of_o a_o peculiar_a sort_n upon_o the_o iron_n so_o often_o mention_v i_o let_v down_o a_o piece_n of_o spunk_n upon_o it_o when_o the_o receiver_n be_v exhaust_v and_o by_o be_v contiguous_a to_o the_o flame_n it_o be_v turn_v into_o a_o substance_n as_o black_a and_o brittle_a as_o tinder_n and_o dispose_v to_o kindle_v when_o touch_v with_o fire_n experiment_n ii_o another_o parcel_n of_o the_o same_o sulphur_n be_v kindle_v in_o vacuo_fw-la boyliano_fw-it camphire_n though_o in_o the_o open_a air_n dispose_v to_o draw_v the_o flame_n of_o sulphur_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o kindle_v by_o hang_v in_o the_o flame_n of_o it_o and_o a_o match_n be_v partly_o dip_v in_o sulphur_n and_o let_v down_o upon_o the_o hot_a iron_n burn_v as_o far_o as_o the_o sulphur_n reach_v but_o no_o further_o experiment_n iii_o and_o iu_o have_v place_v a_o piece_n of_o paper_n upon_o the_o plate_n of_o our_o pump_n and_o whelm_v over_o it_o a_o very_a clear_a and_o thin_a receiver_n we_o lay_v a_o train_n of_o gunpowder_n upon_o the_o paper_n and_o observe_v that_o though_o by_o a_o good_a burning-glass_n several_a grain_n will_v be_v explode_v yet_o those_o will_v not_o kindle_v those_o that_o be_v contiguous_a to_o they_o the_o propagation_n of_o flame_n so_o much_o depend_v on_o the_o free_a access_n of_o air._n and_o to_o confirm_v this_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o a_o little_a instrument_n make_v to_o try_v gunpowder_n be_v charge_v and_o prime_v and_o suspend_v in_o vacuo_fw-la though_o by_o the_o help_n of_o a_o burning-glass_n the_o prime_a will_v be_v explode_v yet_o that_o will_v not_o kindle_v the_o powder_n contain_v in_o the_o box_n but_o when_o the_o exhaust_a air_n be_v let_v in_o again_o and_o the_o pan_n new_o prime_v though_o the_o receiver_n be_v shut_v it_o will_v in_o that_o close_a air_n go_v off_o ready_o and_o also_o in_o the_o open_a air._n experiment_n v._n gunpowder_n be_v put_v into_o two_o bubble_n one_o of_o which_o be_v exhaust_v and_o the_o other_o not_o they_o be_v place_v upon_o live-coal_n upon_o which_o when_o they_o have_v stand_v a_o while_n they_o where_o both_o burst_n in_o piece_n but_o without_o the_o appearance_n of_o any_o flame_n which_o effect_n seem_v to_o depend_v on_o this_o viz._n that_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o coal_n act_v not_o only_o on_o a_o few_o grain_n of_o powder_n at_o once_o but_o upon_o the_o whole_a area_n so_o that_o every_o particle_n be_v equal_o act_v on_o as_o to_o sense_n they_o be_v explode_v at_o the_o same_o time_n so_o the_o focus_n of_o a_o burning-glass_n act_v uniform_o on_o aurum_fw-la fulminans_fw-la cause_v it_o to_o explode_v at_o once_o but_o it_o may_v be_v so_o order_v that_o the_o focus_n not_o sufficient_o warm_v one_o part_n a_o partial_a explosion_n will_v only_o ensue_v chap._n xviii_o new_a experiment_n about_o the_o relation_n betwixt_o air_n and_o the_o flamma_n vitalis_n of_o animal_n experiment_n i._n air._n animal_n include_v in_o receiver_n with_o flame_n and_o air._n rectify_a spirit_n of_o wine_n contain_v in_o a_o glass-lamp_n with_o a_o thin_a wick_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n a_o small_a green-finch_n be_v both_o convey_v into_o a_o receiver_n eighteen_o inch_n high_a and_o which_o be_v large_a enough_o to_o contain_v about_o twenty_o pint_n of_o water_n the_o flame_n of_o the_o lamp_n be_v extinguish_v at_o the_o end_n of_o two_o minute_n but_o the_o bird_n be_v brisk_a at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o three_o minute_n be_v take_v out_o and_o when_o the_o bird_n recover_v again_o the_o experiment_n be_v repeat_v
peculiar_a modification_n of_o ray_n of_o light_n on_o the_o superficies_n of_o body_n different_a from_o each_o other_o in_o other_o quality_n experiment_n vi._n have_v put_v into_o a_o glass-vessel_n a_fw-fr oculus_fw-la mundi_fw-la who_o diameter_n be_v about_o a_o three_o part_n of_o a_o inch_n the_o colour_n of_o which_o be_v white_a and_o its_o figure_n convex_a by_o degree_n the_o whole_a be_v turn_v brown_a and_o in_o nine_o minute_n time_n be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o water_n be_v semidiaphanous_a which_o be_v a_o gain_n put_v into_o the_o water_n and_o after_o a_o little_a less_o than_o half_a a_o hour_n take_v out_o again_o be_v almost_o as_o yellow_a and_o diaphanous_a as_o amber_n but_o be_v for_o some_o time_n expose_v to_o the_o air_n it_o begin_v gradual_o to_o grow_v opacous_a and_o to_o be_v mark_v in_o several_a place_n with_o white_a streak_n which_o by_o degree_n expand_v themselves_o unite_v so_o as_o to_o make_v the_o whole_a surface_n of_o the_o stone_n of_o a_o cream_n white_a experiment_n vii_o remarkable_a observation_n about_o hurricane_n hurricane_n observatious_a about_o hurricane_n i_o be_o inform_v by_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o bermuda_n island_n that_o these_o be_v the_o foreruner_n of_o they_o first_o at_o some_o distance_n from_o the_o shore_n the_o sea_n will_v swell_v second_o the_o water_n about_o a_o day_n after_o will_v beat_v violent_o against_o the_o shore_n and_o adjacent_a rock_n which_o can_v neither_o be_v attribute_v to_o wind_n or_o tide_n or_o any_o other_o cause_n beside_o which_o it_o will_v sometime_o on_o a_o sudden_a invade_v the_o shore_n successive_o as_o sudden_o subside_v again_o without_o any_o manifest_a cause_n where_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o as_o the_o encroachment_n upon_o the_o shore_n be_v great_a the_o recess_n of_o the_o water_n be_v proportionable_a three_o a_o unpleasant_a smell_n in_o the_o air_n will_v precede_v the_o hurricane_a four_o long_o and_o visible_a streak_n appear_v in_o the_o air_n of_o very_a different_a colour_n as_o white_a blue_a red_a or_o green_a without_o the_o least_o appearance_n of_o cloud_n experiment_n viii_o a_o monstrous_a pearl_n pearl_n of_o a_o monstrous_a pearl_n yester_n day_n be_v bring_v to_o i_o a_o pearl_n of_o a_o orient_a colour_n except_o one_o spot_v which_o i_o supposed_a be_v the_o place_n where_o the_o umbelical_a cord_n fasten_v it_o to_o the_o shell_n it_o be_v a_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_o and_o about_o 8_o 10_o of_o a_o inch_n broad_a experiment_n ix_o a_o strange_a observation_n about_o the_o influence_n of_o the_o moon_n moon_n observation_n on_o the_o influence_n of_o the_o moon_n i_o be_o inform_v by_o a_o gentleman_n that_o upon_o a_o fall_n have_v several_a piece_n of_o his_o skull_n take_v out_o that_o he_o not_o only_o observe_v prick_v pain_n at_o the_o full_a of_o the_o moon_n about_o the_o meninge_n but_o likewise_o that_o the_o surgeon_n perceive_v a_o intumescence_n and_o expansion_n of_o those_o part_n experiment_n x._o a_o uncommon_a experiment_n about_o heat_n and_o cold._n for_o a_o further_a confirmation_n of_o our_o doctrine_n of_o the_o origin_n of_o heat_n and_o cold_a cold._n of_o heat_n and_o cold._n i_o shall_v lay_v down_o the_o follow_a experiment_n we_o immerse_v the_o ball_n of_o a_o thermoscope_n hermetical_o seal_v in_o a_o cylindrical_a vessel_n which_o contain_v oil_n of_o vitriol_n and_o present_o cast_v salarmoniack_a into_o the_o oil_n upon_o the_o mixture_n of_o which_o there_o succeed_v a_o violent_a ebullition_n and_o likewise_o a_o gradual_a succession_n of_o coldness_n which_o be_v both_o perceive_v by_o touch_v the_o vessel_n and_o likewise_o by_o the_o descent_n of_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n in_o the_o thermometer_n yet_o this_o mixture_n instead_o of_o a_o cold_a effervescensce_fw-la present_o upon_o the_o addition_n of_o a_o equal_a quantity_n of_o water_n become_v violent_a hot._n chap._n viii_o a_o collection_n of_o chemical_a experiment_n medicine_n a_o collection_n of_o chemical_a medicine_n my_o design_n in_o follow_a experiment_n be_v rather_o to_o lay_v down_o such_o as_o may_v be_v instructive_a to_o the_o reader_n than_o ostentation_n of_o my_o own_o skill_n i_o shall_v give_v this_o short_a advertisement_n that_o i_o have_v upon_o that_o account_n rather_o make_v choice_n of_o such_o as_o be_v easy_a than_o those_o that_o be_v difficult_a to_o be_v prepare_v those_o being_n more_o proper_a for_o my_o design_n which_o be_v to_o lay_v down_o fundamental_o for_o compile_v of_o natural_a philosophy_n because_o they_o be_v likely_a to_o be_v most_o intelligible_a for_o it_o do_v not_o always_o happen_v that_o that_o which_o be_v most_o please_a to_o the_o eye_n be_v most_o useful_a for_o though_o gold_n and_o diamond_n be_v valuable_a in_o themselves_o yet_o a_o piece_n of_o steel_n or_o flint_n be_v in_o effect_n in_o some_o respect_n of_o great_a use_n to_o mankind_n experiment_n i._o to_o dissolve_v crude_a gold_n with_o dry_a body_n though_o chemist_n so_o much_o boast_v of_o their_o aurum_fw-la potabile_fw-la body_n crude_a gold_n dissolve_v by_o a_o dry_a body_n as_o to_o think_v it_o a_o curious_a preparation_n yet_o it_o be_v possible_a to_o make_v one_o without_o the_o help_n of_o a_o furnace_n or_o so_o much_o time_n after_o the_o follow_a manner_n have_v ground_n four_o part_n of_o pure_a nitre_n with_o two_o of_o rock-allom_n and_o one_o of_o salarmoniack_a i_o put_v the_o mixture_n into_o a_o new_a crucible_n keep_v it_o in_o a_o moderate_a heat_n till_o the_o mixture_n contain_v in_o it_o be_v dry_a which_o be_v take_v out_o and_o present_o pulverize_v it_o afford_v a_o golden_a tincture_n in_o high_o rectify_v spirit_n of_o wine_n experiment_n ii_o luna_n cornea_n by_o distillation_n distillation_n luna_fw-la cornea_n by_o distillation_n three_o ounce_n of_o silver_n be_v put_v into_o a_o retort_n upon_o six_o ounce_n of_o strong_a sublimate_n by_o a_o strong_a fire_n the_o sublimate_n be_v carry_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o vessel_n leave_v the_o silver_n half_o melt_v and_o turn_v into_o a_o semidiaphanous_a horny_a substance_n which_o will_v melt_v at_o the_o flame_n of_o a_o candle_n like_o wax_n n._n b._n that_o if_o there_o be_v any_o phaenomena_n in_o this_o or_o other_o experiment_n above_o what_o the_o title_n promise_n the_o apology_n i_o make_v for_o they_o be_v that_o as_o they_o may_v tend_v to_o the_o promote_a of_o natural_a philosophy_n as_o well_o as_o the_o other_o so_o i_o be_v not_o willing_a to_o pass_v they_o by_o without_o notice_n experiment_n iii_o mercury_n grow_v warm_a with_o silver_n silver_n mercury_n grow_v warm_a with_o silver_n have_v gradual_o mix_v the_o precipitate_a of_o silver_n make_v with_o copper_n with_o two_o drachm_n of_o antimonial_a mercury_n in_o a_o man_n hand_n till_o it_o have_v reduce_v to_o a_o yield_a consistence_n three_o quarter_n of_o its_o own_o weight_n we_o put_v the_o amalgama_n which_o be_v note_v to_o be_v sensible_o warm_a during_o the_o mixture_n and_o of_o a_o uniform_a consistence_n into_o a_o glass_n vial_n which_o in_o two_o night_n time_n become_v a_o hard_a and_o brittle_a concrete_a experiment_n iu._n the_o last_a disposition_n of_o a_o certain_a preparation_n of_o mercury_n to_o grow_v hot_a with_o gold_n i_o send_v a_o mercury_n to_o the_o royal_a society_n which_o be_v prepare_v with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o pain_n in_o my_o furnace_n gold_n mercury_n grow_v hot_a with_o gold_n which_o be_v mix_v in_o one_o hand_n with_o a_o due_a proportion_n of_o calx_fw-la of_o gold_n may_v be_v perceive_v to_o acquire_v a_o sensible_a heat_n which_o faculty_n it_o retain_v be_v hermetical_o seal_v in_o a_o glass_n egg_n ten_o or_o twelve_o year_n and_o what_o be_v more_o remarkable_a be_v that_o the_o mercury_n be_v separate_v by_o distillation_n will_v when_o mix_v again_o with_o gold_n reiterate_v the_o former_a incalescence_n experiment_n v._o a_o uncommon_a method_n of_o work_v upon_o antimony_n antimony_n a_o particular_a way_n of_o work_v upon_o antimony_n in_o the_o common_a method_n of_o operate_n upon_o antimony_n the_o air_n not_o only_o influence_v the_o fire_n in_o its_o operation_n but_o also_o bear_v up_o several_a of_o its_o particle_n which_o work_v upon_o each_o other_o as_o in_o a_o medium_fw-la i_o take_v the_o follow_a method_n to_o try_v what_o effect_n the_o fire_n will_v have_v upon_o it_o viz._n i_o lay_v s_n s_o s_o of_o common_a chalk_n and_o antimony_n powder_v in_o a_o earthen_a pot_n and_o place_v it_o in_o a_o digestive_a furnace_n where_o it_o continue_v about_o twenty_o four_o hour_n have_v take_v care_n that_o the_o first_o and_o last_o stratum_n shall_v be_v of_o chalk_n and_o that_o the_o layer_n of_o antimony_n shall_v be_v pretty_a thin_a experiment_n vi_o a_o method_n very_o uncommon_a of_o make_v a_o calces_fw-la of_o gold_n gold_n calces_fw-la of_o gold_n preparation_n of_o gold_n
and_o specifical_o light_a than_o crystal_n and_o i_o shall_v in_o favour_n of_o this_o add_v that_o i_o have_v several_a time_n make_v body_n colourless_a like_o crystal_n and_o curious_o and_o regular_o figure_v which_o be_v of_o a_o compound_n nature_n and_o abound_v with_o a_o easy_o separable_a and_o strong_o scent_v sulphur_n and_o on_o this_o occasion_n i_o shall_v further_o add_v that_o though_o when_o gem_n be_v specifical_o heavy_a than_o crystal_n it_o be_v a_o argument_n of_o a_o metalline_a substance_n mix_v with_o they_o yet_o sometime_o those_o mineral_n particle_n may_v be_v so_o spirituous_a as_o not_o to_o increase_v their_o specific_a gravity_n for_o i_o have_v see_v a_o ferruginous_a water_n which_o though_o strong_o impregnate_v be_v little_o heavy_a than_o common_a water_n and_o now_o if_o together_o with_o what_o have_v be_v deliver_v in_o this_o chapter_n we_o reflect_v on_o what_o follow_v concern_v the_o atmosphere_n of_o consistent_a solid_n and_o the_o efficacy_n of_o effluvium_n it_o will_v not_o be_v absurd_a to_o ascribe_v to_o precious_a stone_n some_o medicinal_a virtue_n especial_o to_o those_o that_o dispose_v to_o emit_v copious_a effluvia_fw-la and_o to_o show_v that_o what_o we_o have_v deliver_v may_v not_o only_o be_v apply_v to_o transparent_a but_o opacious_a gem_n and_o to_o render_v our_o hypothesis_n not_o only_o probable_a but_o possible_a i_o shall_v intimate_v first_o that_o i_o have_v see_v lapidescent_n juice_n so_o penetrate_v as_o to_o turn_v several_a animal_n and_o vegetable_a substance_n into_o stone_n among_o which_o one_o be_v a_o new_a cheese_n which_o can_v be_v distinguish_v no_o otherwise_o from_o another_o cheese_n but_o by_o its_o stony_a hardness_n and_o i_o have_v a_o piece_n of_o wood_n petrify_v which_o retain_v its_o grain_n and_o be_v hard_a enough_o to_o grave_a upon_o iron_n or_o glass_n and_o to_o resist_v the_o action_n of_o the_o fire_n and_o likewise_o to_o strike_v fire_n like_o a_o excellent_a flint_n but_o to_o render_v this_o hypothesis_n further_o probable_a i_o shall_v subjoin_v the_o follow_a argument_n and_o first_o it_o appear_v from_o the_o method_n take_v to_o weigh_v body_n in_o our_o medicina_fw-la hydrostatica_fw-la where_o white_a marble_n be_v propose_v as_o a_o standard_n to_o determine_v whether_o metalline_a part_n be_v in_o body_n or_o not_o for_o a_o piece_n of_o white_a marble_n be_v in_o proportion_n to_o its_o bulk_n of_o water_n as_o 2_o 72_o 100_o to_o 1_o and_o bloodstone_n as_o 5_o 2_o 10_o to_o 1_o a_o loadstone_n as_o 4_o and_o 6_o 10_o to_o 1_o lapis_n calaminaris_n as_o 4_o 7_o 10_o to_o one_o and_o lapis_n tutice_n as_o 5_o to_o 1_o it_o follow_v that_o those_o must_v proportionable_o be_v impregnate_v with_o mineral_n part_n heavy_a in_o specie_fw-la than_o stone_n and_o for_o that_o reason_n i_o have_v find_v some_o stone_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n specifical_o heavy_a than_o other_o as_o they_o be_v impregnate_v in_o solutis_fw-la principiis_fw-la more_fw-it or_o jess_n with_o mineral_n part_n but_o it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o here_o to_o advertise_v that_o some_o stone_n light_a in_o specie_fw-la than_a fossils_n may_v be_v compound_v with_o mineral_n part_n and_o thence_o deduce_v their_o medicinal_a virtue_n and_o other_o may_v be_v impregnate_v with_o mineral_n part_n light_a in_o specie_fw-la than_o marble_n and_o consequent_o their_o mineral_n nature_n can_v be_v hydrostatical_o determine_v as_o yet_o which_o be_v to_o its_o bulk_n of_o water_n as_o 1_o 22_o 100_o to_o 1_o and_o yield_v no_o inconsiderable_a proportion_n of_o oil_n a_o second_o argument_n for_o the_o confirmation_n of_o our_o hypothesis_n may_v be_v deduce_v from_o the_o necessity_n of_o it_o to_o explain_v several_a phaenomena_n as_o why_o diamond_n and_o other_o gem_n shouldbe_v include_v in_o rock_n or_o cluster_n of_o hard_a stone_n which_o must_v be_v soft_a or_o can_v not_o at_o the_o first_o admit_v a_o hard_a gem_n to_o lodge_v among_o their_o part_n and_o i_o shall_v further_o urge_v the_o necessity_n of_o it_o from_o several_a gem_n which_o i_o find_v in_o a_o odd_a kind_n of_o mineral_n send_v i_o from_o a_o american_n colony_n and_o it_o be_v not_o improbable_a that_o opacous_a gem_n be_v petrify_v earth_n since_o they_o vary_v so_o much_o in_o their_o dimension_n so_o that_o i_o have_v hear_v of_o a_o spleen-stone_n which_o weigh_v 80_o pound_n weight_n and_o i_o have_v see_v a_o medicinal_a stone_n which_o be_v saw_v asunder_o its_o internal_a part_n be_v full_a of_o cavity_n whence_o it_o appear_v to_o be_v make_v up_o of_o porous_a earth_n petrify_v and_o not_o of_o a_o indurated_a liquor_n from_o our_o hypothesis_n the_o follow_a phaenomena_n may_v be_v explain_v viz._n why_o sometime_o one_o part_n of_o a_o gem_n be_v tinge_v with_o a_o metal_n and_o another_o be_v not_o since_o in_o make_v artificial_a gem_n the_o mineral_n pigment_n have_v tinge_v one_o part_n without_o discolour_v the_o other_o and_o i_o have_v now_o by_o i_o a_o lump_n of_o petrified_a matter_n which_o consist_v of_o several_a stone_n which_o thou_o first_o petrify_v apart_o and_o afterward_o join_v together_o by_o a_o petrescent_a liquor_n bear_v a_o uniform_a polish_v without_o discover_v betwixt_o their_o part_n the_o least_o commissure_v and_o a_o acquaintance_n of_o i_o discover_v several_a loose_a stone_n where_o this_o be_v find_v which_o be_v separately_z of_o the_o same_o nature_n and_o afterward_o harden_v into_o stony_a mass_n by_o the_o intervention_n of_o a_o petrescent_a liquor_n and_o i_o have_v a_o agate_n by_o i_o which_o seem_v to_o consist_v of_o several_a layer_n of_o clay_n or_o earth_n lie_v parallel_n to_o each_o other_o and_o petrify_v partly_o into_o transparent_a and_o partly_o into_o opacous_a stone_n and_o to_o favour_v this_o conjecture_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o i_o have_v see_v several_a layer_n of_o mineral_n earth_n one_o upon_o another_o within_o the_o compass_n of_o a_o inch_n which_o lie_v in_o different_a posture_n in_o reference_n both_o to_o the_o horizon_n and_o each_o other_o and_o sometime_o the_o exterior_a one_o successive_o surround_v the_o interior_a and_o several_a of_o these_o have_v be_v find_v in_o a_o small_a compass_n of_o ground_n and_o by_o a_o like_a method_n different_o colour_v chalcedonian_o and_o jasper_n may_v be_v account_v for_o and_o from_o hence_o may_v be_v deduce_v a_o reason_n why_o marchasite_n and_o flint_n wood_n and_o shell_n have_v be_v find_v enclose_v in_o other_o hard_a stone_n and_o on_o this_o occasion_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o stone_n which_o be_v partly_o diaphanous_a and_o partly_o opacous_a be_v calcine_v the_o diaphanous_a part_n become_v white_a and_o some_o other_o which_o be_v before_o tinge_v have_v their_o part_n heighten_v so_o as_o after_o calcination_n to_o be_v of_o a_o rich_a and_o permanent_a red_a and_o this_o difference_n of_o colour_n be_v not_o only_o remarkable_a in_o the_o thin_a layer_n but_o in_o the_o speck_n and_o irregular_o shape_v cloud_n whether_o greenish_a or_o bluish_a and_o to_o illustrate_v a_o observation_n former_o make_v on_o diamond_n bed_v one_o within_o another_o i_o shall_v urge_v what_o be_v observe_v in_o cryftalize_a salt_n where_o as_o well_o as_o in_o a_o metalline_a solution_n i_o have_v observe_v that_o when_o a_o number_n of_o crystal_n have_v shoot_v after_o the_o first_o evaporation_n several_a successive_a layer_n shoot_v upon_o those_o in_o the_o latter_a of_o which_o solution_n the_o crystal_n of_o one_o layer_n be_v not_o only_o fasten_v to_o the_o other_o but_o differ_v considerable_o as_o well_o in_o their_o shape_n as_o posture_n in_o this_o metalline_a solution_n the_o mineral_n be_v only_o one_o and_o the_o menstruum_fw-la simple_n but_o have_v the_o first_o be_v compound_v there_o will_v have_v be_v a_o great_a diversity_n as_o likewise_o crystal_n of_o a_o compound_n nature_n as_o when_o a_o solution_n of_o salt-petre_n and_o sea-salt_n in_o water_n be_v set_v to_o crystalize_v where_o beside_o salt_n of_o result_a figure_n a_o considerable_a part_n of_o the_o sea-salt_n coagulate_v in_o the_o form_n of_o imperfect_a cube_n about_o the_o bottom_n before_o the_o nitrous_a particle_n shoot_v into_o crystal_n of_o their_o own_o shape_n and_o i_o shall_v further_o add_v that_o crystallization_n may_v not_o only_o be_v promote_v by_o evaporation_n but_o by_o soak_v part_n of_o the_o water_n up_o either_o by_o immerse_v it_o or_o by_o place_v dry_a earth_n under_o the_o solution_n or_o some_o other_o porous_a body_n and_o by_o some_o analogy_n to_o these_o instance_n we_o may_v conceive_v how_o some_o of_o the_o superfluous_a moisture_n of_o a_o petrescent_a liquor_n be_v disperse_v the_o remain_a may_v be_v more_o apt_a to_o coagulate_v but_o by_o a_o moist_a season_n or_o superven_a cold_a the_o moisture_n cease_v to_o be_v further_o disperse_v the_o coagulation_n may_v be_v for_o a_o
relate_v a_o story_n of_o a_o person_n who_o eye_n be_v much_o offend_v by_o red_a object_n which_o influence_v he_o so_o much_o as_o to_o cause_v a_o effusion_n of_o humour_n in_o the_o adjacent_a part_n vi_o man_n do_v not_o consider_v the_o effect_n of_o fluid_n upon_o inanimate_a body_n vi_o prop._n vi_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o a_o particular_a texture_n and_o modification_n of_o the_o agent_n and_o the_o patient_n that_o the_o peculiar_a modification_n and_o relation_n which_o body_n have_v to_o each_o other_o upon_o that_o account_n may_v contribute_v much_o to_o the_o effect_n which_o the_o languid_a motion_n of_o the_o air_n produce_v and_o that_o upon_o that_o score_n a_o weak_a motion_n of_o it_o may_v cause_v more_o considerable_a effect_n than_o louder_n sound_v not_o so_o apt_o modify_v i_o shall_v produce_v several_a instance_n for_o not_o to_o urge_v that_o the_o string_n of_o a_o instrument_n may_v be_v make_v to_o vibrate_v itself_o by_o the_o motion_n it_o receive_v from_o the_o instrument_n and_o which_o that_o instrument_n first_o receive_v from_o another_o string_n i_o shall_v rather_o offer_v the_o follow_a instance_n viz._n that_o a_o strong_a wire_n be_v make_v use_n of_o among_o other_o string_n on_o a_o musical_a instrument_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o wire_n will_v be_v make_v to_o tremble_v by_o the_o impulse_n of_o the_o air_n cause_v by_o a_o sound_n which_o be_v make_v at_o a_o distance_n though_o the_o other_o string_n be_v not_o sensible_o affect_v but_o in_o this_o experiment_n it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o a_o peculiar_a degree_n of_o tension_n be_v requisite_a to_o afford_v the_o forementioned_a phaenomenon_n to_o this_o experiment_n it_o may_v be_v add_v that_o i_o have_v not_o only_o observe_v that_o by_o make_v a_o determinate_a sound_n at_o some_o distance_n from_o a_o hemispherical-glass_n it_o will_v sensible_o ring_v but_o i_o have_v likewise_o take_v notice_n that_o have_v screw_v several_a string_n of_o a_o musical_a instrument_n to_o a_o different_a degree_n of_o tension_n and_o likewise_o place_v several_a glass_n at_o some_o distance_n those_o string_n be_v put_v into_o a_o strong_a degree_n of_o tension_n will_v cause_v one_o glass_n to_o ring_v without_o affect_v the_o other_o and_o if_o the_o tension_n of_o that_o string_n be_v alter_v it_o will_v affect_v another_o glass_n but_o not_o the_o same_o and_o what_o be_v more_o remarkable_a be_v that_o though_o a_o string_n wound_v up_o to_o a_o determinate_a degree_n of_o tension_n will_v affect_v such_o a_o glass_n yet_o if_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o same_o glass_n be_v a_o little_a break_v it_o will_v not_o till_o its_o tension_n be_v alter_v and_o i_o have_v take_v notice_n that_o upon_o the_o open_v of_o some_o stop_v in_o a_o organ_n the_o sound_n have_v be_v so_o considerable_a as_o not_o only_o to_o cause_v the_o organist_n seat_n to_o tremble_v but_o a_o seat_n in_o the_o church_n which_o be_v at_o a_o considerable_a distance_n and_o i_o can_v easy_o discern_v with_o my_o finger_n that_o the_o sound_v not_o only_o cause_v the_o seat_n but_o the_o border_n of_o my_o hat_n to_o tremble_v which_o instance_n show_v that_o the_o effect_n of_o that_o sound_n be_v not_o so_o much_o to_o be_v attribute_v to_o the_o violence_n of_o it_o as_o to_o the_o disposition_n in_o such_o body_n to_o be_v act_v on_o by_o it_o and_o to_o prove_v that_o languid_a motion_n may_v have_v considerable_a effect_n upon_o body_n both_o solid_a and_o of_o considerable_a bulk_n i_o shall_v bring_v the_o follow_a instance_n the_o first_o be_v that_o a_o ancient_a musician_n affirm_v to_o i_o that_o play_v upon_o a_o basse-viol_n he_o find_v that_o when_o he_o strike_v a_o certain_a note_n it_o have_v always_o such_o a_o effect_n upon_o a_o casement_n in_o the_o room_n where_o he_o play_v to_o one_o of_o his_o scholar_n as_o to_o cause_v a_o jar_a noise_n a_o second_o instance_n be_v that_o i_o observe_v in_o a_o certain_a vault_n that_o though_o a_o musician_n vary_v his_o note_n on_o purpose_n to_o make_v trial_n whether_o they_o will_v resound_v in_o the_o arch_n it_o will_v answer_v to_o but_o one_o note_n and_o i_o be_o tell_v that_o there_o be_v the_o like_a peculiarity_n in_o most_o vault_n vii_o some_o body_n be_v think_v to_o have_v their_o part_n in_o a_o absolute_a rest_n vii_o prop._n vii_o when_o they_o be_v only_o in_o a_o state_n of_o tension_n or_o compression_n though_o the_o external_n superficies_n of_o a_o body_n seem_v to_o argue_v that_o its_o part_n be_v at_o rest_n since_o it_o retain_v its_o proper_a figure_n and_o dimension_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o improbable_a but_o that_o those_o corpuscle_n which_o compose_v it_o be_v various_o move_v among_o themselves_o or_o in_o a_o tendency_n to_o motion_n a_o instance_n of_o the_o first_o of_o which_o we_o have_v in_o heat_a iron_n whether_o make_v hot_a by_o actual_a fire_n or_o hammer_v for_o though_o the_o eye_n can_v discern_v no_o motion_n at_o all_o among_o its_o part_n yet_o the_o touch_n perceive_v it_o manifest_o hot_a and_o though_o the_o lath_n of_o a_o cross-bow_n or_o the_o string_n of_o a_o bow_n be_v look_v upon_o when_o bend_v as_o body_n at_o rest_n yet_o the_o springiness_n of_o the_o former_a and_o violent_a separation_n of_o the_o end_n of_o the_o latter_a when_o cut_v manifest_o demonstrate_v that_o they_o be_v only_o in_o a_o state_n of_o tension_n to_o which_o may_v be_v add_v several_a instance_n take_v as_o well_o from_o nature_n as_o art_n of_o the_o latter_a sort_n i_o have_v observe_v that_o among_o glass_n which_o to_o all_o appearance_n be_v well_o bake_v several_a month_n after_o they_o be_v make_v some_o of_o they_o fly_v in_o piece_n of_o their_o own_o accord_n which_o they_o scarce_o ever_o fail_v to_o do_v if_o they_o be_v take_v from_o the_o fire_n and_o suffer_v to_o cool_v sudden_o the_o like_a to_o which_o i_o have_v observe_v in_o a_o metalline_a glass_n of_o my_o own_o preparation_n 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observe_v upon_o coal-mine_n and_o i_o remember_v that_o a_o acquaintance_n of_o i_o show_v i_o a_o piece_n of_o land_n which_o be_v so_o powerful_o penetrate_v with_o warm_a effluvia_fw-la that_o snow_n will_v not_o lie_v upon_o it_o above_o two_o day_n be_v the_o wether_n never_o so_o cold_a which_o have_v be_v confirm_v by_o frequent_a observation_n except_o where_o layer_n of_o rock_n or_o some_o other_o stony_a concretes_n obstruct_v the_o passage_n of_o those_o mineral_n steam_n to_o which_o may_v be_v add_v that_o the_o steam_n near_o gold-mine_n be_v so_o copious_a in_o hungary_n as_o to_o give_v the_o leau_n of_o the_o tree_n a_o golden-colour_n but_o notwithstane_v these_o instance_n i_o be_o apt_a to_o doubt_v that_o there_o be_v several_a part_n of_o the_o three_o region_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o remoteness_n from_o such_o subterraneal_a fire_n have_v not_o that_o heat_n but_o since_o these_o thing_n be_v but_o uncertain_o guess_v at_o none_o have_v so_o great_a 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to_o be_v dissolve_v be_v able_a to_o cause_v such_o effect_n we_o may_v be_v induce_v to_o believe_v because_o vitriol_n have_v not_o only_o be_v find_v in_o several_a mine_n in_o hungary_n but_o likewise_o such_o strong_a and_o corrosive_a effluvium_n as_o be_v very_o offensive_a to_o respiration_n and_o in_o a_o little_a time_n fatal_a to_o those_o that_o venture_v to_o work_v in_o they_o and_o there_o be_v one_o thing_n further_o remarkable_a that_o several_a piece_n of_o vitriol_n which_o be_v find_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o some_o of_o those_o mine_n of_o a_o soft_a consistence_n present_o when_o bring_v up_o and_o expose_v to_o the_o open_a air_n grow_v hard_o retain_v several_a golden_a streak_n in_o it_o but_o there_o be_v one_o thing_n here_o to_o be_v note_v which_o be_v that_o in_o grove_n which_o be_v very_o deep_a the_o air_n be_v so_o unfit_a for_o respiration_n as_o to_o want_v a_o frequent_a ventilation_n so_o that_o the_o miner_n be_v wont_a to_o sink_v a_o air-shaft_n as_o they_o term_v it_o some_o pace_n off_o the_o grove_n that_o the_o air_n pass_v from_o the_o grove_n to_o that_o by_o a_o short_a of_o channel_n or_o ventiduct_n which_o agricola_n lib._n v._n and_o vi_fw-la de_fw-mi re_fw-mi metallica_fw-la call_v cuniculus_fw-la may_v keep_v the_o internal_a air_n in_o such_o a_o temper_n as_o to_o make_v it_o fit_a to_o breathe_v in_o though_o the_o mine_n be_v 200_o yard_n deep_a and_o agricola_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr re_fw-mi metallica_fw-la give_v further_a the_o follow_a account_n of_o the_o course_n of_o the_o air_n in_o these_o cuniculi_fw-la or_o air-shaft_n in_o these_o word_n aer_fw-la autem_fw-la exterior_a se_fw-la suâ_fw-la sponte_fw-la fundit_fw-la in_o cava_fw-la terrae_fw-la atque_fw-la cum_fw-la per_fw-la ea_fw-la penetrare_fw-la potest_fw-la rursus_fw-la evolat_fw-la foras_fw-la sed_fw-la diversa_fw-la ratione_fw-la hoc_fw-la fieri_fw-la solet_fw-la etenim_fw-la vernis_fw-la &_o aestivis_fw-la diebus_fw-la in_o altiorem_fw-la puteum_fw-la influit_fw-la &_o per_fw-la cuniculum_n vel_fw-la fossam_fw-la latentem_fw-la permeat_fw-la ac_fw-la ex_fw-la humiliori_fw-la effluit_fw-la similiter_fw-la iisdem_fw-la diebus_fw-la in_o altiorem_fw-la cuniculum_n infunditur_fw-la ac_fw-la interjecto_fw-la puteo_fw-la defluit_fw-la in_o humiliorem_fw-la cuniculum_n atque_fw-la ex_fw-la eo_fw-la emanat_fw-la autumnali_fw-la &_o hyberno_fw-la tempore_fw-la contra_fw-la in_o cuniculum_n vel_fw-la puteum_fw-la humiliorem_fw-la intrat_fw-la &_o ex_fw-la altiori_fw-la exit_fw-la verum_fw-la ea_fw-la fluxionum_fw-la aeris_fw-la mutatio_fw-la in_o temperatis_fw-la regionibus_fw-la fit_a in_fw-la initio_fw-la veris_fw-la ac_fw-la in_o sine_fw-la autumni_fw-la in_fw-la frigidis_fw-la autem_fw-la in_o fine_a veris_fw-la &_o in_o initio_fw-la autumni_fw-la to_o which_o he_o add_v sed_fw-la aer_fw-la utroque_fw-la tempore_fw-la antequam_fw-la cursum_fw-la suum_fw-la illum_fw-la consuetum_fw-la constant_a teneat_fw-la plerumque_fw-la quatuordecem_fw-la dierum_fw-la spatio_fw-la crebras_fw-la habet_fw-la mutationes_fw-la modo_fw-la in_o altiorem_fw-la puteum_fw-la vel_fw-la cuniculum_n influens_fw-la modo_fw-la in_o humiliorem_fw-la and_o these_o thing_n may_v give_v we_o some_o reason_n to_o believe_v that_o there_o be_v in_o the_o earth_n several_a periodical_a change_n in_o the_o temperature_n of_o those_o region_n which_o deserve_v our_o consideration_n but_o have_v several_a time_n inquire_v about_o these_o thing_n i_o be_o inform_v that_o the_o air_n general_o go_v in_o the_o same_o way_n both_o winter_n and_o summer_n enter_v the_o air-shaft_n and_o come_v out_o of_o the_o perpendicular_a grove_n but_o to_o conclude_v this_o chapter_n from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v it_o may_v appear_v that_o though_o in_o some_o mine_n the_o earth_n seem_v to_o be_v distinguish_v into_o three_o rgion_n yet_o general_o the_o temperature_n of_o the_o whole_a be_v various_a and_o uncertain_a and_o much_o more_o uncertain_a be_v it_o what_o be_v the_o constitution_n of_o the_o central_n part_v of_o it_o and_o whether_o that_o be_v divide_v into_o distinct_a region_n or_o what_o be_v the_o state_n and_o texture_n as_o well_o as_o consistency_n of_o its_o part_n we_o must_v be_v content_a to_o be_v ignorant_a of_o since_o one_o of_o the_o deep_a mine_n we_o have_v hear_v of_o be_v mention_v by_o agricola_n in_o his_o book_n call_v bormannus_n cap._n 12._o be_v at_o cotteberg_n which_o exceed_v not_o 500_o fathom_n and_o if_o according_a to_o gassendus_fw-la the_o semi-diameter_n of_o our_o globe_n be_v 4177_o italian_a mile_n what_o a_o superficial_a knowledge_n must_v we_o have_v of_o it_o who_o have_v not_o be_v able_a to_o make_v our_o observation_n above_o 500_o fathom_n and_o that_o too_o in_o but_o a_o small_a part_n of_o its_o orb._n chap._n iu._n of_o the_o temperature_n of_o the_o submarine_n region_n as_o to_o heat_n and_o cold._n the_o follow_a chapter_n relate_v to_o the_o temper_n of_o submarine_n region_n i_o will_v be_v suppose_v to_o mean_v by_o that_o term_n not_o such_o as_o be_v beneath_o the_o whole_a ocean_n but_o only_o such_o as_o be_v beneath_o its_o superficies_n concern_v which_o i_o shall_v not_o relate_v what_o follow_v as_o upon_o my_o own_o observation_n but_o only_o as_o receive_v by_o information_n from_o other_o who_o have_v dive_v into_o they_o two_o submarine_n region_n two_o and_o first_o i_o shall_v only_o assign_v to_o this_o element_n two_o region_n the_o one_o bound_v by_o the_o utmost_a penetration_n of_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o other_o calorifick_a cause_n the_o other_o extend_v itself_o to_o the_o utmost_a depth_n of_o the_o water_n uppermost_a the_o temperature_n of_o the_o uppermost_a according_a to_o which_o division_n it_o will_v follow_v that_o the_o upper_a region_n must_v vary_v in_o its_o extent_n according_a to_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o climate_n and_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n suppose_v the_o warmth_n of_o it_o not_o to_o proceed_v from_o subterraneal_a effluvia_fw-la and_o not_o only_o in_o the_o extent_n but_o the_o temperature_n of_o that_o region_n which_o may_v not_o only_o be_v vary_v by_o the_o influence_n of_o the_o sun_n but_o also_o by_o the_o different_a nature_n of_o the_o soil_n about_o the_o shore_n be_v either_o nitrous_a or_o marchasitical_a as_o also_o by_o the_o shallowness_n of_o the_o water_n which_o may_v contribute_v to_o the_o warmness_n of_o it_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v refract_v by_o the_o subjacent_a sand_n to_o which_o cause_n may_v be_v add_v the_o influence_n of_o subterraneal_a fire_n a_o observation_n favour_v which_o have_v be_v make_v by_o mounseur_fw-fr de_fw-fr pont_n in_o his_o voyage_n to_o new_a france_n in_o the_o way_n to_o which_o he_o observe_v that_o in_o one_o place_v the_o water_n be_v very_o warm_a as_o well_o as_o the_o wine_n which_o lie_v in_o the_o boat_n though_o there_o be_v no_o sensible_a alteration_n in_o the_o air_n and_o that_o this_o continue_v for_o three_o day_n whereas_o on_o the_o 21_o r_v of_o the_o same_o month_n it_o be_v for_o 2_o or_o 3_o day_n observe_v to_o be_v as_o cold_a region_n
compare_v with_o that_o of_o common_a water_n will_v show_v what_o quantity_n of_o mineral_n substance_n the_o water_n have_v dissolve_v in_o it_o and_o whether_o metalline_a or_o more_o volatile_a as_o it_o be_v heavy_a or_o light_a where_o we_o be_v to_o observe_v that_o mineral_n water_n be_v sometime_o light_a than_o common_a water_n partly_o because_o they_o be_v impregnate_v with_o volatile_a part_n and_o partly_o because_o they_o be_v void_a of_o saline_n part_n which_o make_v common_a water_n something_o heavy_a but_o to_o discover_v the_o different_a weight_n of_o several_a mineral_n water_n i_o cause_v a_o glass-viol_n with_o a_o flat_a bottom_n and_o a_o long_a neck_n three_o inch_n long_o to_o be_v blow_v which_o be_v so_o light_a as_o to_o weigh_v but_o Êvi_fw-la +_o 42_o grain_n though_o it_o be_v capable_a of_o contain_v â¥_o iij_o ss_z and_o 43_o grain_n of_o water_n which_o make_v it_o more_o proper_a for_o a_o nice_a balance_n by_o which_o i_o find_v the_o follow_a 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try_v must_v not_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n for_o if_o it_o be_v the_o air_n will_v precipitate_v a_o considerable_a quantity_n of_o matter_n in_o most_o water_n 5._o what_o microscope_n can_v discover_v in_o mineral_n water_n n._n b._n those_o move_a corpuscle_n discernible_a in_o a_o solution_n of_o pepper_n etc._n etc._n in_o water_n be_v animalcula_fw-la and_o not_o portion_n of_o inanimate_a matter_n which_o swim_v up_o and_o down_o such_o liquor_n which_o be_v apparent_a if_o those_o little_a animal_n be_v touch_v with_o spirit_n of_o salt_n for_o be_v kill_v by_o it_o they_o move_v much_o more_o slow_o 6._o whether_o there_o be_v any_o variety_n of_o colour_n in_o several_a mineral_n water_n 7._o of_o their_o different_a odour_n these_o be_v to_o be_v perceive_v at_o the_o spring-head_n where_o not_o only_o a_o bituminous_a and_o sulphurous_a smell_n may_v easy_o be_v perceive_v but_o i_o be_o inform_v that_o there_o be_v a_o mineral_n spring_n in_o france_n which_o have_v a_o manifest_a vinous_a odour_n 8._o concern_v the_o different_a taste_n of_o mineral_n water_n 9_o whether_o take_v it_o up_o or_o keep_v it_o stop_v or_o unstopped_a or_o whether_o freeze_a or_o thaw_v it_o will_v alter_v the_o colour_n smell_v or_o transparency_n of_o it_o for_o though_o some_o water_n retain_v their_o purgative_n virtue_n a_o good_a while_n yet_o i_o have_v observe_v a_o exhalation_n of_o some_o fugitive_a part_n from_o those_o which_o be_v light_a than_o water_n and_o abound_v with_o spirituous_a part_n so_o that_o though_o they_o be_v carry_v but_o a_o little_a way_n from_o the_o fountain_n they_o present_o lose_v their_o power_n of_o turn_v a_o tincture_n of_o gall_n into_o a_o purple_a and_o instead_o of_o that_o turn_v it_o red_a and_o even_o the_o strong_a water_n if_o keep_v unstop_v or_o not_o keep_v close_o present_o lose_v that_o property_n 10._o concern_v the_o different_a consistency_n of_o such_o water_n 11._o whether_o they_o be_v more_o apt_a to_o expansion_n and_o condensation_n or_o heat_v and_o coldness_n than_o common_a water_n 12._o whether_o they_o be_v apt_a to_o putrify_v and_o how_o soon_o and_o what_o phaenomena_n they_o afford_v 13._o what_o alteration_n in_o colour_n ensue_v the_o mixture_n of_o astringent_a juice_n with_o they_o as_o also_o their_o mixture_n with_o several_a juice_n of_o the_o body_n n._n b._n in_o try_v of_o mineral_n water_n it_o be_v usual_a to_o make_v use_n of_o a_o tincture_n of_o gall_n without_o consider_v the_o alteration_n which_o may_v be_v make_v in_o the_o trial_n by_o a_o uncertain_a proportion_n of_o gall_n wherefore_o i_o usual_o make_v use_v of_o a_o settle_a proportion_n as_o 5_o grain_n to_o a_o ounce_n though_o mineral_n water_n may_v be_v try_v with_o much_o more_o expedition_n and_o certainty_n by_o make_v use_n of_o the_o powder_n itself_o suspend_v about_o three_o grain_n of_o powder_n in_o a_o ounce_n of_o the_o water_n and_o i_o have_v find_v by_o experience_n that_o so_o small_a a_o quantity_n as_o a_o grain_n have_v give_v german_a spaw-water_n a_o deep_a purple_a colour_n but_o it_o be_v not_o always_o necessary_a to_o make_v use_n of_o gall_n in_o such_o trial_n since_o rose_n leave_v or_o the_o flower_n and_o bark_n of_o pomegranate_n will_v have_v much_o the_o same_o effect_n afford_v a_o cloudy_a and_o blackish_a tincture_n and_o it_o be_v further_a to_o be_v note_v that_o i_o make_v it_o one_o part_n of_o this_o quaere_fw-la what_o colour_n will_v be_v produce_v by_o a_o mixture_n of_o mineral_n water_n with_o animal_n juice_n because_o i_o have_v observe_v the_o root_n of_o the_o tongue_n sometime_o blackish_a upon_o the_o take_n of_o large_a dose_n but_o to_o return_v to_o what_o i_o have_v observe_v concern_v the_o try_v of_o mineral_n water_n by_o a_o infusion_n of_o gall_n i_o not_o only_o doubt_v whether_o all_o martial_a water_n will_v turn_v a_o tincture_n of_o gall_n black_a but_o whether_o all_o liquor_n which_o will_v be_v to_o be_v esteem_v martial_a for_o i_o have_v find_v that_o a_o mineral_n of_o a_o different_a nature_n from_o steel_n will_v give_v it_o a_o black_a colour_n and_o that_o a_o liquor_n which_o be_v a_o preparation_n of_o steel_n will_v not_o which_o induce_v i_o to_o think_v that_o such_o a_o tincture_n be_v rather_o the_o effect_n of_o some_o acid_n fume_n which_o have_v work_v on_o the_o mars_n with_o which_o those_o mineral_n water_n be_v impregnate_v to_o which_o it_o may_v be_v add_v that_o i_o have_v find_v that_o if_o a_o vitriolate_a water_n be_v impregnate_v with_o copper_n instead_o of_o iron_n instead_o of_o turn_v a_o tincture_n of_o gall_n blackish_a it_o only_o will_v render_v it_o muddy_a and_o thick_a and_o i_o have_v a_o sort_n of_o white_a earth_n which_o i_o find_v by_o trial_n to_o be_v lead_n that_o will_v turn_v a_o tincture_n of_o gall_n blackish_a though_o it_o be_v altoger_n void_a of_o martial_a part_n and_o probable_o will_v have_v very_o bad_a effect_n if_o take_v inward_o to_o which_o i_o may_v further_o add_v that_o a_o tincture_n of_o gold_n in_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la likewise_o turn_v a_o infusion_n of_o gall_n black_n and_o those_o observation_n i_o have_v be_v the_o willing_a to_o lay_v down_o because_o though_o i_o will_v not_o be_v think_v by_o they_o to_o slight_v the_o use_n of_o gall_n in_o such_o trial_n yet_o i_o will_v thence_o urge_v they_o to_o make_v such_o trial_n to_o be_v more_o wary_o make_v water_n observation_n requisite_a in_o try_v mineral_n water_n and_o because_o it_o may_v be_v of_o some_o use_v to_o observe_v the_o different_a colour_n exhibit_v by_o such_o trial_n i_o shall_v add_v the_o follow_a consideration_n as_o requisite_a to_o be_v think_v on_o by_o he_o who_o design_n to_o make_v such_o experiment_n 1._o that_o he_o ought_v to_o observe_v the_o change_n of_o colour_n make_v by_o such_o tincture_n in_o a_o good_a light_n which_o may_v help_v a_o curious_a observer_n to_o distinguish_v what_o mineral_n such_o tincture_n be_v impregnate_v with_o 2._o it_o way_n be_v of_o use_v to_o vary_v the_o shade_n of_o colour_n produce_v by_o mineral_n water_n either_o by_o drop_v such_o water_n upon_o paper_n who_o pore_n be_v saturate_v with_o vitriol_n powder_v or_o tinge_v with_o a_o decoction_n of_o log-wood_n several_a variation_n in_o colour_n may_v be_v also_o make_v by_o drop_v other_o medicinal_a liquor_n either_o into_o the_o mineral_n water_n or_o the_o infusion_n of_o gall_n before_o mixture_n or_o after_o 3._o i_o will_v recommend_v for_o such_o trial_n not_o only_o the_o part_n of_o astringent_a plant_n but_o also_o animal_n and_o especial_o mineral_n substance_n for_o beside_o the_o astringent_n i_o have_v contrive_v a_o certain_a substance_n which_o will_v not_o only_o turn_v a_o vitriol_n water_n impregnate_v with_o iron_n
experiment_n experiment_n iu._n feb._n 22._o 77._o ten_o ounce_n of_o paste_n be_v include_v in_o a_o receiver_n which_o be_v large_a enough_o to_o hold_v 22_o ounce_n of_o water_n paste_n from_o paste_n i_o impress_v air_n enough_o into_o it_o to_o sustain_v 73_o inch_n of_o mercury_n above_o the_o length_n of_o a_o cylinder_n which_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v able_a to_o bear_v up_o in_o two_o hour_n there_o be_v no_o sensible_a alteration_n feb._n 23._o in_o 18_o hour_n the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v 7_o inch_n and_o in_o 6_o hour_n more_o it_o ascend_v 8_o inch_n high_o be_v buoy_v up_o to_o 83_o inch_n feb._n 24_o it_o be_v 90_o inch_n high_a feb._n 25_o it_o be_v 97_o inch_n high_a feb._n 26_o it_o be_v 101_o inch_n high_a feb._n 27_o it_o be_v 105_o inch_n high_a feb._n 28_o it_o be_v 107_o ½_n inch_n high_a march_n 1_o it_o be_v 112_o inch_n high_a water_n seem_v to_o be_v express_v out_o of_o the_o paste_n march_n 2_o it_o be_v raise_v to_o 120_o inch_n march_n 3_o it_o be_v raise_v to_o 121_o inch_n march_n 4_o &_o 5_o it_o remain_v at_o 121_o inch_n march_n 8._o upon_o a_o thaw_v the_o mercury_n ascend_v 4_o inch_n and_o rest_v at_o 125_o digit_n march_n 10._o it_o rise_v 6_o digit_n high_o be_v suspend_v at_o 131_o digit_n march_n 21._o the_o season_n be_v so_o long_o cold_a no_o air_n be_v generate_v except_o that_o in_o the_o three_o last_o day_n the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v 7_o inch_n and_o rest_v at_o 138_o digit_n april_n 4._o one_o of_o the_o iron_n wire_n make_v use_v of_o to_o straiten_v the_o receiver_n be_v break_v and_o the_o side_n of_o the_o receiver_n start_v out_o of_o their_o place_n 4_o or_o 5_o foot_n from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o cold_a and_o compression_n hinder_v the_o generation_n of_o air._n experiment_n v._n march_n 1._o 77._o two_o raisin_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v bruise_v be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o exhaust_a receiver_n with_o six_o ounce_n of_o vinegar_n it_o afford_v bubble_n plentiful_o march_n 2._o it_o still_o yield_v bubble_n but_o the_o mercury_n be_v not_o raise_v half_o a_o inch._n march_n 25._o the_o vinegar_n seem_v to_o contain_v bubble_n but_o the_o mercury_n be_v not_o raise_v a_o inch._n so_o that_o vinegar_n hinder_v fermentation_n and_o the_o production_n of_o air._n experiment_n vi._n april_n 7._o have_v put_v 10_o ounce_n of_o paste_n into_o a_o receiver_n able_a to_o contain_v 22_o ounce_n receiver_n paste_n include_v in_o a_o receiver_n of_o water_n as_o much_o air_n be_v press_v in_o as_o sustain_v mercury_n above_o its_o usual_a height_n 128_o inch_n in_o six_o hour_n it_o be_v raise_v four_o inch_n be_v sustain_v at_o 132_o digit_n april_n 8._o in_o 16_o hour_n it_o ascend_v 9_o inch_n high_o but_o for_o nine_o hour_n after_o it_o rest_v at_o 141._o april_n 9_o some_o air_n break_v out_o in_o the_o morning_n the_o mercury_n subside_v to_o 130_o inch_n therefore_o thrust_v in_o as_o much_o air_n as_o raise_v it_o to_o 141_o i_o close_v it_o it_o up_o with_o a_o screw_n apr._n 10_o it_o be_v at_o 151_o digit_n apr._n 11_o it_o be_v at_o 158_o digit_n apr._n 12_o it_o be_v at_o 168_o digit_n apr._n 13_o it_o be_v at_o 176_o digit_n april_n 14_o it_o be_v at_o 183_o digit_n april_n 15_o it_o be_v at_o 183_o digit_n april_n 16_o it_o be_v at_o 187_o digit_n april_n 17_o it_o be_v at_o 191_o digit_n april_n 27._o eight_o day_n its_o station_n be_v unaltered_a but_o the_o two_o last_o it_o be_v raise_v 7_o inch_n be_v raise_v to_o 198_o digit_n april_n 30._o so_o much_o air_n be_v let_v out_o that_o the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v but_o 50_o inch_n above_o its_o usual_a height_n to_o try_v whether_o the_o compress_v state_n of_o that_o air_n hinder_v it_o from_o expanding_n the_o remain_a air_n be_v pin_v up_o present_o raise_v the_o mercury_n sensible_o and_o 3_o hour_n after_o the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v to_o 62_o digit_n from_o 50._o in_o five_o hour_n space_n after_o rose_n 1_o ½_n may_v 1._o in_o 15_o hour_n it_o raise_v only_o a_o inch._n may_v 3_o on_o the_o second_o it_o be_v at_o a_o stand_n to_o day_n it_o be_v raise_v 1_o ½_n may_v 4._o the_o mercury_n ascend_v no_o high_a i_o let_v the_o air_n go_v and_o the_o screw_v be_v set_v again_o in_o five_o minute_n the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v two_o inch_n may_v 7._o in_o 3_o day_n it_o be_v raise_v 2_o inch_n high_o may_v 8._o in_o the_o two_o last_o day_n it_o be_v raise_v ½_n a_o inch._n and_o the_o mass_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o vacuo_fw-la in_o 5_o hour_n the_o mercury_n be_v buoy_v up_o a_o inch._n may_v 21._o it_o have_v not_o be_v raise_v 3_o inch_n yet_o may_v 30._o it_o rest_v at_o 4_o inch_n and_o ½_n from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o all_o the_o air_n that_o paste_n will_v afford_v may_v be_v obtain_v from_o it_o though_o it_o be_v compress_v yet_o it_o be_v hinder_v in_o some_o measure_n till_o that_o pressure_n be_v take_v off_o and_o from_o hence_o it_o appear_v that_o air_n may_v be_v generate_v by_o repeat_v turn_v and_o reciprocation_n and_o that_o it_o be_v more_o slow_o generate_v in_o compress_v than_o in_o free_a air_n it_o usual_o yield_v all_o that_o it_o will_v in_o two_o or_o three_o day_n time_n experiment_n viii_o artificial_a air._n july_n 30._o 77._o have_v include_v plum_n and_o apricock_n cut_v asunder_o in_o a_o receiver_n apricock_n plum_n and_o apricock_n i_o press_v so_o much_o artificial_a air_n of_o cherry_n into_o they_o as_o raise_v 64_o digit_n of_o mercury_n august_n 1_o they_o yield_v no_o air_n but_o become_v yellow_a as_o if_o too_o ripe_a august_n 3_o the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v a_o little_a high_o and_o a_o whole_a apricock_n appear_v full_a of_o drop_n of_o water_n august_n 7._o the_o whole_a apricock_n grow_v soft_a and_o the_o mercurial_a cylinder_n 59_o inch_n tall_a than_o its_o usual_a length_n august_n 8_o it_o be_v 61_o digit_n high_a august_n 9_o it_o be_v 65_o digit_n high_a august_n 10_o it_o be_v 71_o digit_n high_a august_n 11_o it_o be_v 74_o digit_n high_a april13_n it_o be_v 78_o digit_n high_a april14_n it_o be_v 80_o digit_n high_a april15_n it_o be_v 80_o digit_n high_a april16_n and_o till_o the_o 22_o the_o it_o rest_v at_o the_o same_o height_n the_o 24_o it_o be_v 77_o inch_n high_a on_o the_o 29_o i_o open_v the_o receiver_n and_o find_v that_o the_o fruit_n be_v well_o colour_a and_o smell_v sub-acid_a the_o flesh_n be_v spongeous_a it_o emit_v several_a bubble_n when_o first_o it_o be_v free_v from_o the_o ambient_fw-la pressure_n common_a air._n july_n 30._o 77._o the_o same_o fruit_n be_v convey_v into_o a_o receiver_n with_o common_a air_n some_o be_v cut_v and_o other_o whole_a july_n 31._o the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v 8_o inch_n high_a august_n 1_o at_o six_o a_o clock_n in_o the_o evening_n the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v 20_o inch_n august_n 3_o the_o fruit_n be_v much_o more_o firm_a than_o those_o include_v with_o artificial_a air._n the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v to_o 35_o inch_n august_n 4._o the_o mercurial_a cylinder_n be_v raise_v to_o 42_o inch_n august_n 6._o the_o apricock_n appear_v unaltered_a the_o mercury_n stand_v at_o 57_o inch_n aug._n 7_o it_o be_v 81_o digit_n high_a aug._n 8_o it_o be_v 95_o digit_n high_a aug._n 9_o it_o be_v 113_o digit_n high_a aug._n 10_o it_o be_v 124_o digit_n high_a the_o apricock_n begin_v to_o turn_v yellow_a but_o do_v not_o in_o the_o least_o appear_v moist_a aug._n 11_o it_o be_v 131_o digit_n high_a aug._n 13_o it_o be_v 157_o digit_n high_a aug._n 14_o it_o be_v 163_o digit_n high_a aug._n 15_o it_o be_v 171_o digit_n high_a aug._n 16_o it_o be_v 171_o digit_n high_a aug._n 17_o and_o for_o some_o time_n after_o it_o stand_v at_o the_o same_o height_n aug._n 27_o it_o be_v 182_o inch_n high_a aug._n 29_o the_o receiver_n be_v open_v the_o apricock_n be_v more_o acid_n and_o less_o grateful_a to_o the_o taste_n than_o those_o in_o factitious_a air_n the_o pulp_n be_v well_o colour_a but_o spongy_a they_o yield_v bubble_n as_o the_o other_o do_v from_o this_o experiment_n we_o may_v be_v induce_v to_o think_v that_o the_o artificial_a air_n hinder_v the_o apricock_n enclose_v with_o they_o from_o yield_a air_n yet_o it_o enrich_v their_o colour_n and_o firmness_n and_o be_v good_a to_o preserve_v their_o taste_n experiment_n viii_o wine_n grape_n without_o spirit_n of_o wine_n a_o ounce_n and_o a_o half_a of_o unripe_a grape_n bruise_v be_v enclose_v in_o a_o receiver_n capable_a of_o hold_v 10_o ounce_n of_o water_n oct._n 11_o the_o ascent_n of_o the_o mercury_n be_v small_a oct._n 12_o the_o ascent_n