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water_n	cold_a	dry_a	moist_a	4,796	5	10.4311	5	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A41151	Gulielm, Fabricius Hildamus, his experiments in chyrurgerie concerning combustions or burnings made with gun powder, iron shot, hot-water, lightning, or any other fiery matter whatsoever : in which is excellently described the differences, signs, prognostication and cures, of all accidents and burning themselves : very necessary and useful for all gentlemen, and soldiers as well of the trayned bands, as others, especially upon sudden occasions / translated out of Latine by Iohn Steer, Chyrurgeon.; De combustionibus. English	Fabricius Hildanus, Wilhelm, 1560-1634.; Steer, John, Chyrurgeon.	1642 (1642)	Wing F72; ESTC R22891	26,833	64

description and distribution of Combustions the Method of curing easily appeareth which wee God willing will declare in three Chapters like as wee have distributed Combustions in three Species or Particuculars CHAP. III. The Signes by the which those three Degrees of Combustions may be knowne and distinguished SEeing that wee have divided Combustions into three degrees or species and further have prescribed a proper remedy unto every particular it is necessary to declare how they are distinguished by signes and notes Therefore the signes of the first particular or small Combustion are these rednesse of the skin a sharpe and pricking pain like as though the skin were rubbed with Nettle-sced by and by except there be fit remedies applyed the place is inflamed and pustles doe arise in the which is contained cleere and white water as also the upper skin is separated A light combustion is knowne by the Circumstances to wit that the firy substance was gentle as Straw Flaxe Hempe and the like or that did fall off as hot water or that the part touched it but a little moment of time on the contrary in the other species the firy substance did touch the part a longer time or it retained some greater heat in it as hot iron or any liquid mettle hard wood Pitch Oyle Wax and the like From hence it commeth that the place doth presently inflame waxeth red painfull and burneth and in the very same moment pustels are elevated in which are contained thin water and waxeth yellow and is sore by reason of the stretching of the skin which is stretched and drawne together by the stanch of the fire Now in the last Species even in the same moment when the firy substance doth sticke to the body there are pustels elevated but presently they fall again and chiefly in same place where the Combustion is great and vehement and the under skinne seemeth blacke and wanne and hardly feeleth though it bee pricked with a Lancet for there is a hard and dry crust which when it falleth off there remaineth a deep and profound Vlcer from the nature of the firy matter and the space how long it hath stucke unto the body a great Combustion may be knowne Furthermore Combustions doth speedily require a Surgeon and let him inquire to what Species it is to be referred To wit whether it be light indifferent or great if it be light let it be holpen with the remedies declared in the 6. Chap. least pustels bee raised if indifferent then tune unto the 7. Chap. but if it be vehement and great poceed as we have declared in the 8. Chapter CHAP. IV. The Signe or Prognostication of Combustions A Light Combustion where the the skin is only hurt although it be something painfull yet it may easily and in a short time be cured and there will scarce any scarre be perceived if the cure be rightly instituted and according to Art But contrary a great Combustion is hard to be healed which also leaveth behinde it a filthy and withered scarre by reason of the perdition and contraction of the skin if pustils do not appeare in the beginning The many humours do concurre together unto the offended part which do putrifie and get a kind of a sharpe and knawing quality so that they doe deeply crode the skin and flesh and do cause a rotten ulcer and naughty Scar Therefore the pustels are presently to be cut that the sharp and hot water may flow forth In wholsome and well-tempered bodies Combustions is healed with a little labour Contrary in foule and plethorique bodies it is hardly cured and doth easily grow to a putred ulcer For paine doth continually draw unto it Humours and blood from the Body hereby the part affected waxeth hot and it flamed and divers and naughty Symtomes doe follow Combustions of the head and face do leave behind them smooth scarres for the skin is so dryed and contracted with the fire and the pores so shut that the haire will never after come forth nor grow Combustions of the Eyes and the Eye-browes and of the members Adnata and Cornea although they be light yet are they dangerous and there may easily follow a deprivation of sight or at the least a great imbicility and the eye-lids may bee turned inwards Also Combustions of the Groyne are very dangerous and hard to be cured for these Members neere unto the privie parts are moist weake and easily hurt by flux of humours Combustions of the Belly is alwayes dangerous and hard to be cured for the muscels of Abdomen are in perpetuall motion by reason of inspiration expiration and extention which is mad with meat and drinke excretion of excrement laughing crying as I have observed in my Country of Hildane in a certaine Childe of three yeares old for hee being affected with a dangerous burne in the belly procured us much businesse the space of eight months But if an intestine or gut in any part be burnt it is mortall as also the burning of Lightning is mortall as it is declared in its proper place Combustion of the great vessels of the Arteries and Veynes are dangerous chiefly if it be deepe for the heat contracteth and shutteth those vessels whereby the spirits and blood cannot flow to give life and nourishment and then followeth Gangrena and Atrophia as wee have shewed in our Tract De Gangrena Sphacelo Burning also of the Nerves and Articuls doe easily draw together the junctures Therefore it is needfull that the Surgeon doe use great diligence in these kinde of Burnings and that he study presently from the beginning to soften the hardnesse and roughnesse of the skin with fit medicines and to draw away and disperse the violent heat of the fire CHAP. V. Of a two-fold Method of curing Combustions ALthough there be an infinite number of Medicines in use both among Practitioners and the vulger sort of people for burnings whether they be Plaisters or Ointments juices or distilled water neverthelesse that all doe tend to the same end to wit that they doe either choke resolve or dissipate the corrupt matter or heat which is left in the part now the suffocating or choking of corrupt matter is done either with cold and moist mndicines as with the juices and waters of Houslike Lettice Henbane Nightshad and the like or else with cold and dry things such as are bale armeni Terra sigillat Ceruse Potters Clay and such like plaisters which doe shut the pores so that the outward heat which is left by the fire may be choaked and quenched like unto fire which is shut into a close place The other way of quenching hot humours consisteth in this that the outward heate and sharpe humours be resolved and scattered even as we see coles to be quenched if they bee scattered hither and thither which is done by hot Medicines as we will shew in the next Chapter it shall not bee needfull to enquire what Method is to be used They which doe

Vnguentum Basilicon vvere cured Now in universall Combustions proceed as is declared in the following Example In the yeare 1605. The Servant of one Mr. Ioachim a Dyer by chance fell into a great Chaldron full of hot Die from whence there followed a Combustion of the whole body but because the Die was not very much hot those parts were chiefly burnt which clave unto the dregs of the Die in the bottome of the Chaldron in which the heat was longest contained for the hands and face were onely burnt wherefore I being sent for I anointed the whole body the face onely accepted with this following Ointment ℞ Saponis liquidae lb ss. Caepae crudae ℥ ij Salis ℥ i ss Oleum de v tellis onorum ℥ j. Amigdasar dulc. ana ℥ iii Musilag Sem. Cydon ℥ iii Mixe them and make an Ointment For the eyes I used this Anodine Colerium as followeth ℞ Aque Rosar ℥ iii Aque Plantag ℥ i Sem. Cydonor Foenogreci ana ℥ ss misce Let them remaine upon hot ashes the space of an houre then let them be strained and adde thereto a little womans Milke and drop it hot into the eyes unto the other parts of the Face I applyed an Ointment of new Wine boyled to the third part which was solid and thick lest it should flow unto the eyes and hurt them The description whereof is thus ℞ Gum Elemni ʒi Oleum de vit. ovor Rosar ana ʒiii Saponis Albi veneti ℥ ii Let the gums be dissolved with the Oyle and all diligently mixed in a Morter make an Ointment which being spread upou a linnen cloath apply it all over the Face and every foure houres renew the emplaister but the Colery every houre Also the same day the belly being first emptied by a supposition I opened the Basilica veyne in the right arme and took forth ten ounces of blood for he was a strange and plethoricke man and the day following I administred this purgation following ℞ Electuar Diacatho ʒ vi Ele de Succo rosar ʒ ii Syrupi Resat solut ℥ i. With water of Cicorie and Buglosse make a potion give it in the morning fasting observing a good dyet The next and third day I anointed the whole body with the foresaid Ointment and to the face I applyed the Ointment which I prescribed for the same purpose and in the eyes I often dropped the Colerium but because that in divers places espeeially in the veynes the Combustions penetrated deep wee followed the same Method of curing which we have declared in the 7 and 8 Chapt. And by these remedies by the Grace of God he was perfectly cured of this Combustion in 14. dayes Furthermore the Ointment of Onions doth little or nothing profit to Combustions of the face for by it the eyes may suffer much hurt and dammage therefore this following Ointment is used in place of the other ℞ Saponis Veneti ℥ 1. olei Roser Amigdalar dulcium ana ℥ ss misce Make an Ointment in a Morter adding a little quantitie of the Musilage of Cydon seeds extracted with Rose-water It is to be noted that although the wine thin is not to be rejected in Combustions yet to the face we ought by no meanes to apply it so for it moistneth and penitrateth and offendeth the eyes wherefore wee ought to take great heed that this foresaid Ointment be not too liquid Many that they may keepe the pustels from rising doe presently apply clouts dipped in the gum of the Juniper Tree others doe apply pleggets of Larde about the burnt place Paulus Egineta doth counsell to dip doubled clothes in Brine and apply them in Lye and water wherein Lime hath been squenched is good for the same purpose but these kinde of Medicines are to be often repeated and applyed lukewarme lest the Linnen being dry should raise paine in the affected part If the face be burnt with Gunpowper and that any of the graines or corne of the powder doe sticke in the skin presently it must be gotten forth with a Needle or some other sharpe Instrumenr afterwards heed is to be taken that pustels do not rise by this meanes the powder which is in the skin may easily be drawne forth and the skin mundified but if a Chirurgion be not sent for in the beginning and that the skin be already cicumtrised it is necessary that the skin be againe blistered which may be fitly done with this following Ointment ℞ Cantharidum num vj Fermenti ℥ ss. Mix them in a Morter with a drop or two of Vinegar of the which make a little plaister and apply upon the spots but you ought to take great heed that this Ointment come not unto the eyes when the pustels doe first arise let them be cut with cizors then let the powder be taken away either with a Needle or some other sharpe instrument and then apply this following Ointment ℞ Butiri sine sale ℥ 1. Vng. Basilic clei Lillior albor De vitell over ana. ℥ ii misce Fiat Vnguentum As often as the Chirurgion shall handle the sore he shall diligently take notice how the blacknesse of the powder spendeth away and shall wash it either with a Decoction of Foenegreeke or Melelot flowers afterwards apply the said Ointment and so proceed untill the Vlcer bee sufficiently mundified I have in this Cause used the powder of precipitate to the profit of the Patient but to ease paine apply this Anodine Medicine about the sore ℞ Olei migdal dulc. Rosacei Cerae allae ana ℥ j. Dissolve and mix them and then adde Camphire ℈ j. the musilage of Cydon seeds a little mix them and make an Ointment but if the powder bee blowne into the eyes let them bee washed with womans Milke or Rose water warme but especially we ought to use all diligence that the flowing of humours be prevented and paine be eased as we have declared in the Eleventh Chapter Now if the powder be not blown into the skin but that the skin be onely burnt with the flame of the powder then presently apply the afore-written Ointment of Sope Oyle of Sweet Almonds and Roses In the meane time whilst the effect is thus handled the offensive humours and blood are to be diminished and drawne out by other places lest by reason of the solution of continuity they should flow to the hurted part and should cause inflammations and other dangerous symtomes which may be fitly done by purgation blood-letting cupping as we will shew in their proper place CHAP. VII The Curation of the second Degree of Combustions FVrthermore if the Combustion do penitrate more deep so that not only pustels or blisters are raised but that also the skin be burnt dead and contracted then neither Onions sope salt neither any such kinde of Medicines are to be applyed much lesse those which are before said to be cold and dry but those which doe mollifie the skin and cause rednesse are to be used for

they are of temperature hot and moist therefore proceed after this manner First of all let the blisters be all cut with cizors whereby the hot and sharpe water may flow foith and wheresoever the upper skin is separated let it be peeled off lest matter should gather together under it and because humours and blood doe presently flow to the affected place it is needfull to prevent them with defensives therefore apply one of the following defensives about the breadth of the palme of ones hand upon the burnt place ℞ Pul. boli armeni Sanguis draco Gallar Croci martis Accatiae ana. ℥ ss. Olei Rosar ℥ iij Cerae novae ℥ i. ss. Make an Ointment according to Art adding a little Vinegar or else ℞ Farina hordei Argillae fornac ana ℥ ij Let them bee boiled with Vinegar and water to the forme of a Cataplisme and in the end mixe therewith the whites of two Egges This defensive is to he reiterated two or three times every day lest it should dry upon the affected place and should cause paine But to the places round about apply this following Ointment ℞ Vngunt Basilicon ℥ 1. Ol. Rosar hillior albor ana ℥ ss. Vitel. ovor nam ij misce This following Ointment doth also very much profit for Combustions it easeth paine softneth the skin and resolveth the Humours flowing to the part ℞ Butyri Sine sale Pinguedinis gallinae necent Ana ℥ j. Caerae novae Ol. Lilior albor ana ℥ ss Let them be dissolved together and afterwards adde unto them Croci ℈ j. Muselag Sem Cydon ℥ j. Let them be mixed in a morter and make an ointment If the paine be so vehement that the sicke can very little take his rest then mixe with the said foresaid ointment Opii dissoluti ℈ ss or else ℞ Butiri recent ℥ ii Ol Amigdalar dulc. de vitellis ovor. ana ℥ Croci ●pii ana ℈ ss Caphorae ℈ i. Muselag sem. cidon ℥ i. misce make an Ointment and apply it The Defensive being applyed and one of the foresaid Ointments the affected part is to be rowled in rowlers madified in water and Vinegar and if the offended part be the arme or the leg beg in at the infirme part for by this meanes the humours are repressed which are prepared to flow unto the hurt part but if the Combustion be any part that may not be rowled apply linnen clothes madified in water and vinegar 3. or 4 times a day or also water wherein Colworts have bin infused which should be of vinegar water and salt in which linnen clothes he wet and applyed it doth mightily represse the Humours easeth paine and is an enemy to corrupt Humours notwithstanding in the Face such kinde of Medicines are not be applyed be reason of the eyes the skin being softned and sufficiently rubified divers doe apply drying Medicines as Vngunt ex calce tota Diap●mpholigos Album Rasis and the like but because such drying Medicines doe contract the skinne and cause filthy skarres I doe not allow of the use of them therfore I use emolent Medicines to the end of the Also I prepare an Ointment for all Combustions whatsoever after this manner ℞ Butiri recent tot in aqua Rosar ℥ iij Ol. violatii de vitel ovor. Amigdalar dulc. ana ℥ ss. Farinae hordii ℥ i. ss. Croci ℈ j. Musilag Sem. Cydon ℥ i. Cerae q. S. Make an Ointment in a morter This Ointment mollifieth easeth paine and by little and little induceth a Cicatrice but because Combustions especially those which are in the upper part of the skin flame with vehement sence the Chirurgions ought to have a great care that they do gentle clense them I lest I should cause paine by clensing of Vlcers doe cover the burnt part about with fine linnen cloth as with Cambricke or Lawne and I remove it not untill the Vlcer be whole by this cloth the matter may easily flow forth and the vertue of the Medicines may come unto the Vlcer now whilst that the Vlcer is a curing dyet purgation of humours and Phlebotomy is not to be neglected let the Patient abstaine from all things that are vehement falt hot and sharpe and those things which are hard of disgestion let him use pottage made of flesh new killed in the which Sorrill Endine Lettice and Borage hath been boyled let his drinke be phtisan or Ale not very strong if the body bee full open the Basilica or Mediana veyne and take out as much blood as strength will suffer if it bee needfull for him to purge let him purge according to the nature of the humour predominating concerning which it were good to have the opinion of a Learned Physitian if the Combustion bee in the face it were good to apply Cupping Glasses to the shoulders that the blood and humours may be drawne backe CHAP. VIII The Cure of the third and last degree of Combustions THis third and last Degree of Combustions is very dangerous for that very often it ingendreth Gangrena and Sphacetus For first by reason of the vehement heat the Radicall moisture and naturall heat is dryed up Secondly the skin Musculous Flesh Veynes Arteries c. be dried and drawne together so that the blood cannot flow to the offended part Thirdly the Humours and blood by reason of the Solution of Continuitie and paine doe gather together and increase the burning heat hereby by reason of want of nourishment and choaking of the naturall heat the affected part mortifieth as is declared in our Tract of Gangrena and Sphasetus In the yeare of our Lord 1592. there lighted into my hands a very honest Matron in Hilden who being weary by reason of her domesticall businesse and sitting by the fire alone of a sudden fell into a swound downe to the hearth and her right legge lay on the burning coales whereby the calfe of her legge was so burnt that a little after by reason her body was foule she was taken with Gangrena and Sphaselus wherefore the Escarre being separated and Medicines applyed which pertaine to Gangrena she recovered her health First of all therefore the blisters are to be cut and the water that floweth by reason of the Combustion to be dryed with a clout or sponge then the Escarre is to be separated or at the least to be cut away almost as close as the flesh whereby the humour which is retained under the hard crust may flow forth the Medicines may enter and whatsoever is inducerated and hardned by reason of the heat may softned the Escarre ought to be separated the first or second day before the part be inflamed and in the beginning this following Ointment is to be applyed ℞ Butirs rec et tot in aquaros ℥ iii Vngunt Basilioon ℥ i. ss Ol. Lilior albor Amigda dulc. ana ℥ ss Vitel. unius ovi misce et appli. Afterwards doubled clothes wet in this following Emulsion is to be applyed hot for it easeth paine