Briefe answers to all the aforesaid questions and first to the thirteen principall points aforesaid as to know that 1 A Surgeon is natures servant to helpe nature in things pertaining to surgery 2 Surgery is both art and science 3 The subject of surgery is mans body being sore c. 4 The next way to learne this faculty is to begin at things generall and so come to particulars 5 The conditions required in the Surgion are generally 2. i. to be 1 vertuous religious 1 theoric 2 practic 2 expert in his prof both 6 his instruments 6 generally are but two i. medicinals manuals 7 ever fit to carry with him are 6. i. 1 probs 2 needles stitching quil 3 mullets with spatula 4 incision knife 5 cysors 6 launcets 7 8 Medicines ever to have in readinesse are generally 6. i. e 1 restrictives to stop 1 bloud 2 afluxiō that runs to other parts 2 Basilicon to cause matter 3 Apostolorum to cleanse 4 Aurinum to incarnate flesh 5 Album to cease dolour and heat 6 Desiccativum rubrum to dry and skin 9 The best method to observe is generally to note well the 1 disease cause and symptomes next way to cure it 1 speedily 2 surely 3 not to make false promises for mony promise no more then may be performd 10 The conditions required of the Patient are generally 3 i. e. to 1 hope with 1 assurance 2 diligence 3 patience 2 obey 3 endure 11 The contemplation of surgery do consist generally in the perfect knowledge of things 1 naturall 2 not naturall 3 against nature 12 He should observe before hee undertake any cure generally sixe things i. 1 whether lawfull before 1 God 2 Man 2 temperature of the 1 Body 2 Members 3 the sicknesse 1 and nature thereof 2 if curable or not 4 5 medicines proper for the disease 6 right way of application 13 The operations of the Surgeon are generally but three as are before mentioned The two generall parts of this art follow .i. 1 Theorica .i. the learned part by rules shewing the perfect waies to worke herein gotten by reading c. being Science and is divided generally into foure parts as things 1 natural being 7. as 1 Elements 2 Temperaments or Complexions 3 Humours 4 Members 5 Powers or vertues 6 Operations of those vertues 7 Spirits 2 not natural being 6. as 1 Ayre 2 Meat and drinke 3 Sleepe and watch 4 Fulnesse and emptinesse 5 Moving and rest 6 Affections of the minde 3 against nature being 3. as the 1 Disease 2 Cause of the disease 3 Accidents that follow the disease 4 Iudicall as to judge of diseases what 1 they be 2 nature they be of 3 cure or not and the reason why they may or may not be cured 4 medicines and method is best 2 Practica .i. practice shewing how to order prepare and to work with the hand according to the precepts of the theoricke done by these three meanes as by 1 Dyet or the right use of the 6 thing not naturall above said in 1 health to preserve with things like 2 diseases to cure with contraries medicines which is in two sorts used either 1 inwards 2 outwards 3 Manuall operation or hand-working as by 1 Incision 2 Stitching 3 Rowling 4 Reducing 5 Cauterising c. Now followeth the tract of the part Physiologia or the seven things naturall aforesaid as they lye in order 1 Elements of which consider generally four things i. as 1 what an Element is it is 1 A body most pure and simple unmixt 2 The least part not dividable into any other kinde 3 That whereof all things naturall have their originall 2 their 2 Numbers which are foure i 1 Fire 2 Ayre 3 Water 4 Earth 3 Qualities be 4. i. 1 Fire is 1 hot and dry 2 hot and moyst 3 cold and moyst 4 cold and dry 2 Ayre 3 Water 4 Earth 4 operations are generally 2. i. 1 Active i. to doe as is 1 heat and 2 cold 2 passive to suffer to be done as doth 1 drynesse and moystnesse Note that these two active qualities of heat and cold do work into the two passive qualities or drynesse and moystnesse to alter them 2 Temperaments or complexions wherin consider generally four things i. e. that they are 1 generally 2. i. 1 well tempered 2 evill 2 Particularly 9. 1 1 simple as 1 hot 2 cold 3 moist 4 dry 2 compound as hot and 1 dry 2 moist cold 3 dry 4 moist 2 3 4 1 four 2 3 4 2 one temperate by Equalitie of all these in perfect proportion rara Avis as hard to finde as a blacke Swan 3 Either 1 simple qualities of some or all the foure Elements either 1 hot 2 cold 3 moyst 4 dry 2 compound 4 To no end knowne by the differences of temperatures if wee know them not by their signes also for the which reade and consider well those rules which are set downe by Levine Lemnie written in his booke called the Touchstone of Complexions where you may be sufficiently instructed which in this place is too tedious to relate at this time 3 Humours be generally two i. 1 Naturall being 4. as 1 Bloud Naturall and profitable 2 Choler 3 Flegme 4 Melancholy 1 Bloud being either too 1 thinne by 1 heat 2 cold 2 thicke 2 adust so the 1 subtile parts 1 choler 2 melācholy become 2 grosse 3 distempered by mixing of other humors as of 1 choler 2 flegme 3 melancholy c. 2 Choler eyther 1 Vitiline like yolks of egges 2 Eruginous like verdegresse 3 Prassyne like juyce of hearbs 4 Azure or blew 2 Vnnaturall and are of divers sorts as 3 Flegme eyther 1 Vitria like melted glasse 2 Acide sowre like vineger 3 Salt like brine 4 Gypsum like white morter 4 Melancholy being of two sorts eyther of brent 1 blood 2 choler and is the worst Note that of these three things aforesaid i. as 1 Elements all the members of the body are made 2 Temperaments and 3 humours 4 Members are generally two i. 1 Simple being 11. as 1 Bones 2 Cartilages or gristles 3 Ligaments 4 Veines 5 Arteries or heart pypes 6 Nerves or synewes 7 Cords or tendons 8 Panicles or felmes 9 Simple flesh 1 substance 2 use or office 3 temperatures 4 utilities 10 Fat 11 Skinne in all these consider these foure things i. their 2 Compound as are the 1 Head 2 Heart 3 Liver 4 Lungs 5 Legs 6 Armes 1 Braine 2 Heart 3 Liver 4 Testicles or stones 7 Hands c. Whos 's other diversities are generally five whereof some are 1 Principals being 4. as the 2 serving the principals are 4. as the 1 veines to carry the spirit 1 naturall 2 vitall 3 animall 4 sperme or seede 2 arteries 3 nerves 4 spermatick vessels 3 Proper of themselves and others as the 1 Belly 2 Kidneyes 3 Matrix c. 4 Excrementall and not proper as 1 Hayre 2 Nayles 5 Neither governed nor doe governe others as are
Moist 1 Moderate 1 Moisteth 2 Lubrifieth i. makes slippery 3 Mittigateth and sweetneth 4 Makes smooth 5 Glueth 2 Immoderate 1 stops or obstructeth 2 lifts up 3 breeds flatuous chiefly if the moisture be vaporous Drieth 1 Moderate 1 Dryeth 2 Rarifieth 3 Attenuateth 2 Immoderate 1 Binds 2 Contracts and shrinks 3 Causeth chaps or fissures 4 Causeth dry scales dandruffe furfuration c. The effects of these qualities be set in certaine order called degrees because they should be applyed by a certaine measure or proportion Example A disease hot in the second degree the Medicine must be cold in the like degree or little exceeding and for your better instruction consider That all simple Medicines be either hot cold dry or moyst either in the 1 beginning either of first degree second third fourth 2 middle 3 end The heat cold drith or moisture of the first degree is 1 obscure and insensible 2 manifest and apparent 3 vehement or violent 4 very immederate or excesse second third fourth Example Water only Warme is temperate 1 A little horter is hot in the first degree second third fourth 2 Manifestly hot 3 Vehemently hot Scalding hot Iudge the like of all other qualities as of cold drith and moysture How to deale in all diseases of every Complexion for either the disease and the coÌ„mplexion agree in quality or be contrary to each other Example These agree when both the complexion and the disease be either 1 Hot Such require more gentle and weake remedies or Medicine 2 Cold 3 Dry 4 Moyst Examples of these similies If the Complexion and the disease be both 1 hot there use things 1 Mild and least cooling is best 2 Meanly hot not extreme brings rest 3 Least moystning best please 4 That dâ—y least bring best ease 2 cold 3 dry and hard 4 moyst soft Remember still to countergard the Complexion Example of Contraries If the complexion the disease bee contrary as the complexion 1 hot with 1 cold disease the 1 hottest remedies or medicines are best it must surmount the temperature of the Complexion otherwise the Complexion it selfe would effect it 2 coldest 3 dryest 4 moistest 2 hot 3 Moist 4 dry 2 cold 3 dry hard 4 moyst and soft Observe due regard of all the above said things otherwise you hurt or destroy and not preserve or cure for want of the true considerations hereof great errours are daily committed as well in many Professors of Physick as in Surgery a very common fault in many fit to be redressed How to worke with contraries by accident and their effects Divers have shewed the 1 proper nature of Medicines drawne by their true effects 2 qualities 3 effects 4 operations Yet have they other operations which be 1 not by Elementall qualitie 2 done by accident Example Heat extern 1 cooleth the inner part by accident by opening the pores and so the heat evaporates out with the spirits and so diminisheth both appetite and disgestion 2 Invironing us moisteneth by accident by lubryfying or moistning scattering and spreading the humours congealed and setled with cold so is Venery thought to moisten Cold extern 1 heateth 1 the bodies inwards 1 not by it proper nature 2 by accident 2 by accident example of cold in Winter with outward cold closeth the pores le ts the expiration of vapours and issues of naturall heat and repels that heat to the inner parts 2 Doubleth the inward heat as they that handle snow feele after very great heat by like reason 3 furthers concoction 4 strengtheneth the appetite and for that cause the appetite is greater in Winter then in Summer 5 Dryes by accident by repelling the moist matter that was ready to flow downe to any part Example By immoderate use of repercussives by repelling matter 1 flegmatick They harden the matter collected turns it into Scirrnes hardnesse from a grosse viscous flegme 2 grosse 3 viscous Drinesse because they be qualities passive shew not their operations as heat and cold doe in their force Moistnesse Of the second faculty of Medicines it s that which ensueth the effect of the first elementall qualitie and is as followeth Heat doe 1 rarifie Cold do 1 stop 2 repell 3 confirme or shut up 4 congeale or thicken 5 heape together 6 restraine fluxes 2 attenuate 3 open 4 attract 5 mittigate 6 clense Moist doe 1 soften Drith do 1 harden 2 stiffen and withhold 2 relax These Medicines following have their names from their Effects We call those 1 anodines Which doe 1 appease or mittigate paine 2 repell or dry backe 3 resolve rarifie open the pores 4 mollifie soften hardnesse 5 draw out 6 turn tumors c. to pus or sanies 7 clense filthy sores c. 8 increase flesh in sores 9 glue together new wounds 10 cover a raw sore with skin 11 gnaw or eat the flesh 2 repercussives 3 resolutives 4 mollificatives 5 attractives 6 suppuratives 7 Mundificatives 8 Incarnatives 9 Conglutinatives 10 Cicatrizatives 11 Corosives Of the third facultie of Medicines These for the most part are drawne from first and second faculty sometimes by 1 joyning 2 separating 3 coupling two qualities together 4 on qualitie only of the first facultie proceeds the 1 anoidine proper of it selfe by a moderate heating faculty to ease paine 2 anodine to evacuate the matter causing paine 3 anodine by narcotticks to 1 Astonish the sence by cold simply cause rest 3 Provoke sleepe by cold moisture 5 Neither of these faculties but by an occult property as the Loadstone draweth Iron for which no reason can be shewed Also when by touching the Needle of a Diall it shall make that end to stand to the North alwayes is by occult propertie 2 the effects and operations of the said faculties as some be 1 Anodines 2 Repercussives 3 Incarnatives done by two faculties as by moderate 1 drying 2 clensing 4 Cicatrizatives dry and astringe 4 more then 1 coglutinates 2 Cicatrizes 5 lesse 5 Conglutinatives 6 To move or stay 1 Vrine 2 Sweat 3 Vomit 4 Milke 5 Stoole 6 Menstrua 7 Hemoraids c. 3 A hot and attenuating faculty such 1 move 1 Sweat 2 Vrine 3 Menses c. 2 cause Milke c. 4 The contrary facultties keepe backe and stop the same 5 Occult cause as vomit comes neither from the first faculty but second from an occult or hidden propertie naturally planted in any vomitory Medicine c. Of the fourth faculty of Medicine In these consider their 1 Dependencie i. they worke only by an occult propertie found out by experience and no reason to be shewed why it doth so 2 Difference is 1 It works not by Elementall qualities of 1 Heat 2 Cold. 3 Drith 3 Moisture 2 Also this we see that divers being hot cold dry or moist in on and the same degree yet produce not the like effects 3 Manner of working their effects is 1 More in on part then in another 2 Such that they purge humour more then another
professions are free of such wretches whose like informer ages was never seene with such diabolicall devices as impudent boasting disdainfull mocking complainers false accusers dissembling hypocrites being part of the errours of that brood of sycophants of this age which declare their base low prized conceits ever shewing themselves squint eyed in all good things who out of malitious poysoned and cankered disdaine seeke ever to abuse such as meane well for who is more wicked than those which oppose themselves against vertue finding fault with others yet doe no good themselves like the dog in the manger which will neither eate hay himselfe nor suffer the horse to eate but I wish all such as seeke the advancement of Gods glory and their Countries good neuer to be dismayed of such spitefull wretches If the heathen held it odious to conceale any thing that might either preserve health or cure diseases then how vile may we account those that make shew to be religious Christians to omit it nay not onely so but doe use all their endeavours to hinder such as desire to performe it A lover of the truth ought to hide nothing secret that hee hath found out for health saith Hippo and Galen vide Gal. de Compos but to reveale it to Gods glory and the good of the publike weale wherefore forasmuch as every man is bound by the lawes of God and nature to live under the title of some honest and godly calling and therein to endeavour himselfe to the uttermost of his power so farre forth as God shall enable him wherein he must above all remember that he study and labour to advance in all his attempts and actions first the glory of God and then the good of his Country and Common-weale which duty is not performed by such as do omit either to reveale or otherwise leave behinde them in writing such secrets as God hath bestowed upon them for the advancement of his glory and to leave it to posterity but the envions sect I thinke are drenched in the forgetfull hellish lake of frozen oblivion out of whose peevish braines no good can be expected and small comfort had but rather a scoffe or a frumpe I speake it with griefe of conscience to thinke that there should bee such a frozen hearted crew of godlesse caitiffes infected with that incurable poyson unworthy the name of Christians having their conscience if any seared up with a hot yron that nothing can open it not considering that he which hath the meanes and doth not cherish shall with the hider of his talent perish these neither love God in his mercy nor fear him in his justice therefore not excusable in the day of vengeance odious to God and christian charity who with restlesse rage doe manifest their godlesse mindes holding nothing tollerable but what they like and allow In what they loathe every mite is made a monster every trifle a trespasse and every Gnat a Cammell so untunable is it to their ugly eares I thinke these persons lovingly linke in league with the devill having obstinate wils and barren fruitlesse hearts sencelesse except in things that feed their filthy fancies onely they swell with intollerable pride and envy they live Foxe-like these participate not with that worthy renowned Knight Sir Philip Sidney who said love them that doe some good because there be many that doe none at all let such take heed that they perïsh not with such as hide their talent therefore according to my bounden duty herein with that poore myte which God hath indued me withall I doe here leaue some fruits of my labours to posterity Wee reade that the poore Widdowes myte was more accepted because she gave all then the great gifts that were given by the mighty ones out of their superfluities Alexander accepted a cup of cold water at the hands of a begger so doe I bestow these rude lines as a token of my love not ambitiously for vaine glory or as one that goeth about to instruct the learned but the ignorant nor to impaire the credit of any good meaning professor of this worthy faculty for God knoweth I love and reverence them and although this worke be to me very tedious and toylesome in this mine old age yet will I not deny the importunate request of my faithfull loving friends in satisfying their desire herein Furthermore for my part I hold it neither fit nor lawfull for every ignorant person that practiseth Chirurgery being unskilfull in that deep thrise worthy learned faculty of Physicke to undertake or once offer to give inward medicines to any Patient without the counsell of the learned Physitian let them consider how pretious the subject is on which they worke viz. the body of man being the image of God yet many of these homicides chiefly in the Country having neither feare of God learning art nor honesty doe daily like brazen faced monsters boldly adventure on all the parts of physicke wherein they have no skill to the great disbonour of God the utter ruine and spoyle of their unfortunate Patients and infamy to both these worthy faculties being as unfit thereto as the Asse to play on the Harpe which carelesse crue of abusers deserve sharpe punishment as deceitfull malefactors and murtherers A most lamentable thing that it should be suffered and here for the avoyding of tedious circumstances I doe abreviate my speeches discoursing no further till a more fit opportunity be offered Vale in Christo The whole art of Chirurgery both theoricke and practicke is accomplished by the exact knowledge and perfect operation of these sixe things in generall following as to know 1 The 13. principall points belonging to a Surgeon 1 1 a Surgeon is Surgery what 2 3 subject of surgery next way to learne this art the 4 5 conditions are required in a Surgeon 6 Instrumēts be fit 1 medicinals manuals both 2 ever to carry with him 7 medicines ever to have in readinesse method is best to use conditions the Patient should have in how many things the contemplation of the Surgeon doe consist 6 7 what 8 9 10 11 the sixe things to consider before you take charge that the operations of the Surgeon ingeneral are but 3 2 3 4 5 9 10 11 12 13 2 That this art is generally divided into two parts i. 1 Theorica learning 2 Practica practice 3 That the Surgeon worketh generally upon five indispositions against nature as 1 Tumors against nature 2 Wounds 3 Vlcers 4 Fractures 5 Dislocations 4 That the Surgeon accomplisheth his intent generally by 3 things as by 1 taking away things 1 hurtfull 2 divided 3 displaced 2 joyning 3 reducing 5 That the Surgeon taketh his indications curative generally of 3 things as of things 1 naturall to preserve thē 2 not naturall to restore with 3 against nature to destroy 6 That the 3 operations above said are accomplished generally by these two instruments or means as 1 medicinals which do either binde loose alter the property 2 manuals
1 thin bloud than the thicke 2 utter parts than the inner parts 3 Leaches or bloud-suckers draw deeper then Ventoses we apply Ventoses with 1 scarification 1 to the 1 necke behinde neere the head for diseases of the 1 face 2 head 3 eyes 4 palsie c. 2 mids of the shoulders in 1 coughes 2 difficulty of breath 3 sides of the necke and chin in defects of the 1 mouth 2 gummes 3 teeth c. 4 shoulders for the 1 breast 2 shoulders 3 plurifie c. 5 reines for apostoms of the 1 reines 2 liver c. 6 armes 1 pained 1 stead of bloud-letting 2 yong and old 2 used in 7 Os sacrum for 1 fistulaes 2 Hemoroydes 8 thighes good in 1 strangurie 1 matrixe 2 reines 3 bladder c. 2 ache of the 9 legges 10 ancles 2 it is 1 somewhat painefull 1 divert 2 evacuate 2 done either to 2 out scarification to the 1 mould of the head to 1 stay rheumes 2 draw up the uvula 2 Hypoconders to divert bleeding at the nose if the right nostrill bleed apply it on the liver if the left on the spleene so in all other parts Galen 3 beginning of the nerves in the poule for Palsie 4 parts under the Paps to divert 1 menstrua 2 livers ventositie 5 ribbes to reduce them 6 Navell for the 1 matrix falne 2 winde collicke 3 dolour after purgation 7 Flankes for ventositie of the spleene 8 Vritories to draw downe the stone and gravell into the bladder 9 Eares to draw out 1 a thing contained therein 2 venim or poyson 3 matter c. 10 orifice of ulcers 11 tumors to draw matter that lyeth deep to the utter parts c. 12 necke in squinsie c. 13 biting of venemous 1 beasts 2 wormes c. Things to be considered before you apply Ventoses Before you apply them consider these sixe things i. 1 the time of the 1 Moone doe it 1 in the full 2 not in the wane 2 day is best about 2 or 3 after noone 3 being of the glasses c. on the place is halfe an houre 2 in plethoric bodies doe it with scarification 3 if the bloud be 1 thick 1 scarifie the deeper 2 and grosse foment the place with hot water and rubbe it well with a hot cloath 2 thin 1 scarifie lightly 2 rub the place with the hand first 4 If you will scarifie then apply first ever a dry Ventose and then scarifie and then set on the Ventose againe s A. 5 Rub well the place first all about with your hand very well to disperse the bloud and humours before you apply your Ventose 6 Apply your Ventose an houre or two after the bath and never in the bath The manner of applying Ventoses If they be of 1 Horne c. to sucke prepare the place and apply them without scarification then sucke them with your mouth 2 Glasse c. put waxe or some sticking plaister within in the bottome then put in your tow that it sticke fast to it then fire the tow with a candle and clap the mouth of the glasse close on the place s A. 3 any sort 1 draw sufficient 2 remove them often if need be and new scarifie it and wipe it dry and then apply it againe 3 if it bleed not well after the first scarification then rub the place with the mouth of the glasse or thryp it with your naile and garse it anew and set on the glasse againe 4 Let it remaine a reasonable time to draw out sufficient if not at one time reiterate it two or three times and ever scarifie it new If winde or evill bloud grosse and thicke doe it after that dry the place scarified with a soft cloath and then anoynt the place after the use of the Ventose with oyle of Roses fresh Butter c. After the ventosing is finished After ventosing consider these four things 1 dry the place eyther with a soft 1 cloath 2 spunge 2 next anoynt the place eyther with 1 oyle of roses 2 fresh butter c. 3 he may sleepe within an houre after it 4 if done with scarification governe them as those let bloud Ventoses 1 must not be set on 1 womens breasts lest they enter too deepe 2 other soft places 2 if they will sticke fast being applyed foment the place 3 must not be kept on long chiefly 1 about the principall parts or members 2 behinde the 1 necke 2 shoulders on the right Hypoconder c. Of application of Horseleaches In the use of these consider 1 make good choice of your wormes some be 1 good and are 1 found in 1 cleare waters 2 ponds with sandy ground or gravell 2 with little heads and small bodies 3 round red bellied 4 rayed on the backe like threeds of gold 5 kept a day or two in cleane water to 1 cleanse them 2 draw the better 6 by some kept a yeare in a glasse and change the water once in 10 daies with crums of bread 2 maligne or venemous i. 1 bred in filthy pooles with carrion c. 2 with great heads 3 greenish colour with blew raies on the backe with blacke bodies 4 these cause 1 tumors venemous 2 inflammations 3 ulcers 5 Messalinus dyed by putting one on his knee 2 these are used where ventoses cannot as on the 1 lips 6 legges 10 old ulcers 11 apost 11 venemous 12 emunctory 12 13 places bare of flesh 7 fundament 8 matrix mouth 9 parts empty of flesh 2 nose 3 groyne 4 fingers 5 toes 3 Diseases wherein they are most used i. 1 morphew 2 ring wormes 3 great itch in any part it s fitter then scarification 4 set to the hemeroyds they evacuate from all the members and excellent for melancholy 4 how to apply them 1 first let the place be very cleane else they will not bite 2 then rub the part till it waxe red 3 then apply them hold it neere the head with a cloth then pricke the place that it bleed or put a drop of bloud on the place and then put the head of the Leach to it 5 how to 1 make him draw 1 much 1 cut off his tayle 2 or strip out the bloud with your fingers 2 little leave him whole and being full will fall of himselfe 2 remove him put on his head either 1 salt 2 vineger 3 sinders or ashes separate him with a hayre 6 being fallen if he bleed too much apply either 1 lynt 2 brent cloath 3 a cloth wet in cold water and vineger 4 Hysop stampt c. Of Cetous and the use of them c. Cetons in it consider in generall sixe things i. 1 Quid it is usually a little cord eyther of 1 hayre 2 threed 3 silke 4 cloath 5 woollen yarne c. 2 the intent why we use them is eyther to 1 divert fluxes 2 draw out humours c. 3 manner of applying is 1 with fit Instruments 2 eyther with 1 fire much used in old time 2 out fire now
3 Knowne only by experience Thus that some hot and dry in the second degree doe cause either 1 Vomit all by an occult property for which no reason can be given why or how they doe so 2 Egestion 3 Sweat 4 Vrine 5 Milke 6 neither 5 As 1 Agaric draw 1 Flegme frō the 1 head joynts 2 liver reines 2 Choler 2 Ruberb 4 Medicines are furnished some with 1 on simple facultie alone 2 More and those contrary of which the taste will manifest it unto you 5 Meanes are partly taken from the parts they most respect in their operations as 1 To worke more on this part then another and none can finde out the reason but only experience humour 2 Cephalicks These respect the 1 Head 2 Lungs 3 Heart 4 Liver 5 Spleene 6 Reines 7 Ioynts 3 Pulmonicks 4 Cordials 5 Hepaticks 6 Spleniticks 7 Diuriticks 8 Arthriticks Now of the Tastes in which consider these things following The 1 Definition it is a decoction of humiditie into drynesse first giving a taste on the tongue according to the varietie of the matter 2 Kinds 9 i. 3 Hot as 1 Actide 2 Bitter 3 Salt 3 Cold as 1 Acerbe 2 Austere 3 Acide 3 Temperate as 1 Sweet 2 Oily or fat 3 Insipide 3 Differences are according to the degrees of concoction it is 1 great in hot taste 2 lesser in cold 3 mean intēperate 4 Cause 1 Is heat 1 That turnes moyst into drynesse 2 Which is divers by degrees of concoction 2 Of taste is in these two i. 1 complexion being either 1 hot 2 cold 3 dry 4 moist 5 temperate 2 Substance being either 1 thick 2 thin 3 mean 5 Signes are 1 Knowne by applying on the tongue well disposed by the nerves 2 Taste which is 1 strongest of hot taste 2 least of cold 3 mean of temperate 3 Complexion 1 Hot causeth five tastes 1 sweet 2 bitter 3 Oily or unctuous 4 Salt 5 biting taste 2 Cold causeth foure tastes 1 sowre 2 lesse sowre 3 yet lesse sowre 4 insipid watrish without taste 4 substances are 3. i. 1 thick substance causeth taste either 1 sweet 2 bitter 3 sowre 2 Thin substance cause taste either 1 biting taste sharpe 2 Oily 3 sowrish 3 Mean substance cause taste either 1 sharpe biting 2 salt 3 watrish Nature observes this order in concoction of most bodies The order of this concoction 1 The Acerbe taste should take place 2 The Austere 3 The Acide 4 The next instruction of concoction ariseth thus 1 without taste 2 Oily 3 Sweet perfectly concoct and temperate 5 If 1 salt This concoction exceeds the bonds of mediocritie in the highest excesse of almost a fiery heat 2 bitter 3 acrid 6 Note that all things that be by nature taste lesse doe not alwayes ascend to the heighth of sweetnesse by the degreee of 1 Acerbitie As if by absolute necessitie that all sweet things must first passe these three degrees 2 Austeritie 3 Aceditie 7 Note that many plants and their fruits being 1 ripe are some 1 sowre 2 bitter 3 salt 2 unripe are sweetish which after further cōcoction become 1 bitter Which is a perfection in nature by full ripenesse and convocation and not an excesse in nature in that species 2 austere 3 sowre 8 In many things the sweet and fatty taste becomes so by concoction as in 1 Grapes 2 Figs. 3 Peares 4 Apples c. Now it followes to speake of each of these in order and first of cold tasts Acerbe taste the 1 Definition it is a harsh taste as in unripe fruits betweene bitter and sowrish being yet all raw 2 Kinds vary according to the 1 temperature 2 substance 3 Difference it is 1 dryer than Austere 2 colder 3 grosser 4 earthier 5 lesse moister 6 much lesse moist then Acide 4 Temperature it is 1 notably cooling and drying 2 of cold grosse and earthy substance being yet all raw and vnripe 5 Effects it is 1 condensative i. to 1 thicken 2 harden 3 congeale 2 refreshing 3 stopping 4 restraining 5 repelling 6 binds chiefly in the superficiall parts 7 exasperates 6 Some is as the taste of 1 Granat peeles 2 Galls 3 Tan or Oke barke 4 Sumach 5 Cypresse Nuts c. 7 Some performe as are said in Austere farre more powerfully being absolutely 1 earthy Not partaking of watry moisture 2 cold 3 dry Note that fruits Acerbe before they be ripe having accession of heat turne sweet as Chestnuts doe Of the taste Austere the second cold taste Austere the 1 Definition it is much Acerbe but milder not so harsh 2 Kinds are according to the 1 temperature 2 substance 3 Differences 1 It 1 Increaseth a degree in concoction more towards maturity then Acerbe 2 Consists in a medium 1 Not so 1 dry as Acerbe 2 moist as Acide 2 Only by heat and moysture either by 1 Aire 2 Water 3 Moisture only 3 Having accession of moisture only and that more grosse of Acerbe and so causeth Austere 2 Both Austere and Acerbe are in like degree cold but austere is the moister 3 It gets sometimes 1 more 1 heat alone 1 airy and passeth 1 sweet taste 2 Oily 2 watry 2 moisture alone and that either 2 Both together are joyned 4 If the cold remayning in fruits a subtle humiditie grow it causeth taste Acide 5 If it have a watrish moysture and fit heat it turnes either to 1 sweet taste if the moysture growing with heat be Oily 2 Oily 4 Temperature 1 Its 1 cold and dry but not so much as Acerbe 2 Neere in 1 temperature to acerbe but lesse drying 2 effect sappy bodies acerbe become sweet by the interposed degree of 1 Austere as they get a divers increase in heate moisture either 1 conjunctly 2 seperately 2 Acide 3 Oilinesse 5 Effects are as they be 1 cold they expell fluxes 2 dry and earthy 1 they doe 1 condense 2 thicken 3 stop 4 straighten the passages 5 restraine 6 conglutinate 7 cicatrize 2 such are raw unripe fruits 6 Some consist in a meane i. a more earthy body as it is apparent in 1 Grapes unripe 2 Sarvices 7 Some is changed 1 with further concoction of heate from Acerbe 3 Gooseberies 4 Crabs all fruits 2 Example 1 Acerbe fruit i. unripe by 1 heat only augmented become sweet 2 cold being grosse of acerbe turne austere 2 Cold in fruits augmented there retained is turned into Acide 3 Heat and moisture augment together if 1 ayrie they passe to 1 Oily taste 2 sweet 2 watry Of Acide the third and last cold tast Acide the 1 Definition it is a sowre tast as is that of Vineger Verjuce Aligere Sowre juces c. 2 Kinds are according to the 1 temperature 2 substance 3 Differences are 1 According to the kinds 2 More subtle then any of the two former tasts 3 The subtiller the more 1 piercing or penetrating 2 It divides almost as powerfully as the Acride 4 The 1 thicker in substance The duller in
ooperation 2 colder the temperature 4 Temperature 1 is 1 without naturall heat 2 cold and watry 3 subtiller then Acerbe or Austere 4 neere in effect to Acerbe but lesse drying 5 Effects it 1 attenuates 2 insides 3 diuides 4 penetrates 5 opens obstructions 6 clenseth 7 repels all fluxions by its deep piercing cold 8 dryes strongly even in its watry consistance 9 Stayes and stops all 1 Bleedings 2 Haemorthoids 3 Dissentories 6 Manifesteth it force in 1 Vineger 2 Verjuice 3 Iuice of 1 Lemmons 2 Sorrell 4 Cheries 5 Barbaries 6 Sloes c. Thus farre of the three cold tasts Now of temperate tastes and first of Insipide Insipide the 1 Definition it is 1 fresh or tastlesse as water 2 improperly called a taste 3 rather a privation of tastes 2 Kinds are according to the 1 temperature 2 substance 3 Differences 1 it increaseth a degree in concoction from the former more towards maturity 2 it 1 inclineth more to warmnesse then Acide 2 cooleth and is grosser substance 4 Temperature 1 it is cold and moist with a little naturall heat but not so much as the two following yet sweetish not brackish but watrish 2 It is without 1 taste as water simply 2 smell 5 its effects and 1 it draweth together the 1 Pores 2 Orifices of the veines 2 repercusseth and restraineth by cooling 3 constupates 4 stupifieth and astonisheth the member 5 Moistneth and thereby softneth 6 cooleth and quencheth heat 2 Inspisate that is it 1 thickneth and congealeth 2 constipates and stupifies 6 Some manifesteth its force in 1 Taste 1 Water chiefly 2 Melons 3 Cucumbers 4 Gourds 2 All of watry tastlesnesse The second temperate taste is sweet taste Sweet taste the 1 Definition it is as Hony Sugar Manna sweet Fruits c. 2 Kinds are divers according to the 1 temperature 2 substance 3 Differences it 1 is made by moderate and well growing heat 2 consisteth in a matter more 1 thin and hot then Insipide 2 grosse then the oily from which in the first qualities it do not differ 4 Temperature it is of 1 hot nature 2 ayrie 3 temperate 5 Effects 1 very sweet 1 clenseth 2 digesteth 3 concocteth 4 ripeneth 5 relaxeth 6 asswageth paines 7 glueth 2 All sweet things worke effects according to its differences of their degrees and their 1 temperatures 2 substance Some is such as are 1 Milke 2 Honey 3 Sugar 4 Manna 5 sweet 1 Almonds 2 Fruits c. The third and last temperate taste is oily Oily tast the 1 Definition it is a tast as 1 Oile 2 Butter 3 Grease 4 Marrow c. 2 Kinds are divers according to the 1 temperature 2 substance 3 Differences 1 are divers according to the kinds 2 some are made of 1 greene unripe Olives 2 mature or ripe 3 some be 1 new and pure 2 old and musty 3 acrid by nature as that of 1 Lions 2 Foxes c 4 Temperature 1 hot more then the former sweet taste 2 moist 3 aierie 5 Effects it 1 humacteth 2 relaxeth 3 molifieth 4 lubryfieth 5 appeaseth pain 6 Which are such as 1 Oile Olive 2 fresh Butter 3 Greases 4 Marrowes 5 Divers other 1 Oiles 2 Fat 's c. Thus much of temperate tastes Now follow the three hot and sharp tastes as first of salt taste 1 salt 2 bitter 3 acride Salt taste the 1 Definition the taste is manifest yet of divers kinds 2 Kinds as divers according to the 1 temperature therof as 1 common Salt 2 Sal 2 niter 3 gemm 4 armoniac 5 naturall 6 artificial 7 Sea-water c. 2 substance 3 Differences are 1 according to the 1 kinds 2 temperature 3 substance 2 some 1 naturally so 2 artificiall be of divers 1 natures too long here to recite 2 effects 4 Temperature they 1 are 1 hot 2 dry 3 astringent 4 are lesse earthy then bitter things 2 proceed from an earthy drynes 5 Effects it 1 contracteth the pores 2 cutteth 3 clenseth 4 scoureth 5 restraineth 6 preserveth from putrifaction 7 dryeth without manifest apparence of great heat 8 digesteth 9 shuts up or thrust together 10 have many strange operations Salts are either 1 common Salts 2 naturall 3 artificiall being divers and rare secrets The second hot taste is bitter taste Bitter taste the 1 Definition this taste is manifest as Aloes Absinthium c. 2 Kinds are more or lesse according to the 1 temperature 2 substance 3 Differences are divers according as they differ in 1 temperature 2 substance 4 Temperature is 1 hot 2 earthy and grosse 3 drying 4 abundant heat torrified and dried up 5 Effects taken 1 inwards it doth 1 purge 2 void superfluous humours 3 open 1 the 1 pores 2 mouthes 3 passages of the veins oft by their abstergent facultie so cause 1 menstria 2 hemoroids 2 Subtile and thin 2 outward it 1 clenseth 1 the Sanies from Vlcers 2 superfluous humours from the bodie 2 wipeth 3 scoureth 6 Some as such as 1 Aloes 2 Gentian 3 Absinthium 4 Centory 5 Colosinth 6 Fumitorie c. The third and last hot taste is Acride of sharpe Acride taste the 1 Definition it is a hot biting fiery taste as Pepper c. 2 Kinds are divers according to the 1 temperature 2 substance 3 Differences are 1 According to the 1 kind 2 temperature 3 substance 2 Also to be considered 1 How and in what manner to use them 2 Some are 1 venemous 2 used 1 inwardly safely 1 Pepper 2 Mustard c. 2 outwardly and not inwards 3 both inwards and outwards 3 putrifective as 1 Arsenicum 2 Realger 3 and Sublimate c. 4 Vesicatores as 1 Cantarades 2 Sperewort c. 5 Caustick as 1 Calx viva 2 Lixivivum 3 Oile of Sulphur c. 4 Temperature 1 hot 2 dry 3 subtle 4 biting 5 fires c. 5 Effects they 1 heat prick bite 2 open the passages 3 penitrate 4 attenuate 5 draw out grosse humours 6 evacuates and urine 1 Pepper 2 Cloves 3 Greines 4 Ginger 5 Garlick 6 Onions 7 Squilla 9 All the abovesaid and divers others to be used in time and place as occasion serveth 10 Exceeding the bounds of mediocritie in excesse and fiery heat termes sweat 7 sends forth 8 digesteth 9 inciseth 10 drieth 11 purgeth and clenseth 12 consumes 13 liquifieth 14 cause 1 blisters 2 asters 3 rubification 6 Things fit to accomplish this are Here follow the things of most note to be considered in every particular Region part and member of the bodie Things of note concerning the head are generally these two i. the parts contai 1 ning be 5. i. the 1 Haire 2 Skin 3 Membrana carnosa 4 Pericranium 5 Craina or Scull 2 ned are 5. i. the 1 Dura mater 2 Pia 3 Retemirabile 4 Vermiformis 5 Cerebrum Things of note of the parts of the face are these 11. i. the 1 Bones 2 Front 3 Temples 4 Eie-browes 5 Eie-lids 6 Eies 7 Eares 1 Lips 2 Teeth 3 Tongue 4 Vuvla 5 Pallat.