Selected quad for the lemma: water_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
water_n	cold_a	dry_a	moist_a	4,796	5	10.4311	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A11816	Naturall philosophy: or A description of the vvorld, and of the severall creatures therein contained viz. of angels, of mankinde, of the heavens, the starres, the planets, the foure elements, with their order, nature and government: as also of minerals, mettals, plants, and precious stones; with their colours, formes, and vertues. By Daniel Widdovves.; Rerum naturalium doctrina methodica. English. Abridgments	Scribonius, Wilhelm Adolf, fl. 1576-1583.; Widdowes, Daniel.; Scribonius, Wilhelm Adolf, fl. 1576-1583. Rerum physicarum juxta leges logicas methodica explicatio. aut; Woodhouse, John.	1631 (1631)	STC 22112; ESTC S117038	44,731	82

is a fat substance drawne by the heate of the Sun from the earth and the heate of the highest region of the Ayre is set on fire appearing like a starre and is sometime moved in the ayre It foreshewth war Pestilence drought and barrennes of the earth The light of some Plannets sometime fayle especially The light of some Plannets especially the sunne and moone faileth sometime and the reason of them of ☉ and ☽ The defects happen in the Zodiacke if these 2. starres bee in the knotts of their circles or neare to them which knotts are cuttings made by the course of the ☉ and ☽ and is called the dragon The higher is called Dragons head the lower the Dragons tayle The Ascendant or higher is where ☽ departing from the middle Zodiacke doth come nearest unto us The descendant when the ☽ is removing from us Of the Eclipse of the Sunne and Moone and the reason of them The Eclipse of those starrs is in whole or part In whole all being obscured as in the midst of them In part it happeneth neare one of the knotts The Eclipse of ☉ is by comming of ☽ betweene our eyes and the ☉ in the conjunction of both Plannets A great Eclipse of ☉ is when the centure of these starres proceed in a direct line to our eye The Eclipse of ☽ is the depriving her of the light of ☉ in the opposition the earth shadowing her comming in a straight line betweene them her Eclipse is sooner seene in the East than in the West CHAP. IIII. Of the foure Elements ELements are simple essences lesse durable than the What Elements are heavens and are the wombs of mixed things c. Of the Elements 2. are cleare ayre and water Ayre Some cleare as Ayre and water three regions of the Ayre which is cold and moyst and of these there are described 3. regions the first is hot and dry this is termed the fiery which causeth it to be called an Element Ayre the flame being but inflamed ayre the midle region colder and darker the third region in which we live is hot and cold by the more or lesse reflection of the Sunne beames Ayre is so needefull to creatures that none live The necessity of the Ayre without it the thinner the better and more healthfull Water is an element lesse thin and cleare moyst and What water is The natures and uses of it most cold Water warmed in channells in the earth causeth hot springs this is heated by running by some hot mineralls and helpeth moyst and cold bodies Water is greater or lesse The greatest is the Sea Why the water in the sea is salt The reason of the ebbing and flowing of the sea which is salt because that the starres drawe sorth the thin substance leaving the earth behinde The Ocean ebbeth and floweth after the ☽ motion and from the new moone to the full humours increase and after decrease and the tides are knowne by the Moone Particular Seas take their name of some country or of some accident as the red Sea c. Waters are in flouds or fountaines fountaines are Of Flouds Fountaines best which come out of Mountaines or Rocks c. Water is of divers colours and tastes Milky Diverse coours tastes of waters What the earth is Greene Red Salt sharpe bitter and like wine The Earth is a thicke element cold and dry and is unmoveable about which all things move it is round and all things tend as neare the center as they can It is in compasse with the water 21600. miles and The compasse of it is but as a point to the whole world Concreat and mixt bodyes or natures are essences Of concreat mixt bodies mixt of parts severally disposed For from sundry things of divers formes one forme may bee formed and things of one mixture according to the divers affection of their elements are diversly affected As some are Ayery some Fiery and some Earthly But the proportion maketh temperature which is a proportion of qualities cleaving together in mixture it is equall or uneven and is either simple or compound simple is in act or power compound as heate with drinesse c. Mixed natures are either livelesse or living Liveless Of mixed livelesse natures as meteors what they be with their severall kinds and the reason of them as Meteors which are a hot smoake lifted up by the attractive force of starres some 15. German miles into the ayre and no higher this smoke is a vapour or exhalation A vapour is a moyst smoke drawne from water and is easily resolved into water Exhalation is a dry smoke drawne from the earth easie to fire from exhalation arise fiery impressions which burne like fire as pillers dartes candles goates shooting starres fiery Dragons darke streames fooles fire and such like firery Meteors Mixed fiery meteors whose exhalation is somewhat Of Mixed fiery meteors as thunder what it is and the reason of it unpure thicker and long her mixture is thunder which is a fiery exhalation breaking forth of the cloudes with a sound Lightening small and great is a flaming light of a burning exhalation shining before thunder Though we heare not the thunder it is at the present breaking out of the flash the eye being quicker than the care The great lightening is thicker and burneth more if it be hardened with the heate of the Sunne and it selfe it maketh a stone which is cast out at the cracke this doth much harme Lightening is thicke or thin this boreth through Of lightning what it is and the reason of it without leaving any signe of it The thicker scorcheth and burneth it hath much earthy matter setting on fier steeples and such like and in great flashes is but some small deale of this earthy matter else all things would be fired Watery meteors are vapors more fully compact together Of watery meteors as clouds what they be with the reason of them and appeare in the lowest part or midst of the Ayre as cloudes and such like A cloude is a vapour joyned together by the extreame cold of the middle region Cloudes hang in the Ayre by the Sunnes heat which draweth them up and by the moving of the windes are tossed up and downe In these Cloudes by ☉ and ☽ are framed divers Diverse shapes in the cloudes with the reason of them as a false Sunne how occasioned shapes having no proper matter but onely appeare in the cloudes either about ☉ and ☽ or opposite to them as A halfe Sunne which is imprinted in the Cloud by the reflection of his beames in a cloud being waterish so that sometime the shape of 2. or 3. Sunnes are seene so of the Moone Bright circles of the cloudes being black are from the reflecting beames seeming to compasse the ☉ or ☽ yet they are far lower These circles appeare more often about the moone shee being not able with her beames

to consume these vapours The shape in the cloudes opposed to the Sunne is A raine-bow how occasioned the raine-bow of divers colours in a hollow thin and in an unequall cloud fashioned by reflection of the Suns beames and the raine-bow is greater the nearer it commeth to the Horizon If many raine-bowes be seene the latter is made by the shining of the other and are more obscure than the former The colours of the Raine-bow be light red green A description of the rainebow and the signes os it sky colour and yeallow the raine-bow is a foreteller of raine it sheweth that many vapours are dissolued which will shortly be raine The hayle is like this but it is alwayes under the Sunne Meteors of dissolved cloudes are either hardened Meteors of dissolued cloudes or moyst as raine which is as it were a cloude melted and turned unto water if the cloude bee neare the earth the drops are great if hie the drops are smaller The rayning of frogges fish milke flesh and such like come of such matter being carried up which doth againe Reason of it fall with the raine as wormes c. are begotten of dead carkases in summer time Meteors made harde after the cloud hath beene melted are snow and Haile Snow is a cloude prepared for raine before it fall Snow what it is and how occasioned being congealed by cold is by the motion of the windes dispersed into fleakes and falleth onely in winter Hayle is rayne made hard in the fall the higher the Hayle what it is and how occasioned fall the rounder and lesser because in the fall it melteth It hayleth most in Autumne and in the Spring for then the sharpe ayre hath most power over the drops and in winter the extreame cold maketh it snow being yet in the cloudes In the lowest region of the Ayre are dew and frost Dew what it is and how occasioned Dew is a vapour thickned with some earthly matter which in falling is presently turned into water Dew falleth onely in summer for then the vapour is dissolved with the Sunne A fat kind of dew like melting hony especially at the shining of Syrius being gathered from leaves of trees is Manna called also wilde honey or meldewes This Manna hardened by the heate of ☉ into Manna what it is lumpes is called Tereniabin Frost is a dewish vapour made very hard by cold in Frost what it is and how winter before it be dissolved Meteors made of both kindes of smoake joyned together Of Meteors caused by both kinds of smoake and the reason of them Winde what it is and the diverse kinds of it are windes and such like Winde is a subtile smoke beaten downeward by the cold in the middle of the ayre and is moved sideling on the earth Auncients noted out 12. principall windes all which in regard of matter are hot and dry but differ for their situation of their qualities The winde being great carried with force darkens Storme Whirlewinde the Ayre and is called a storme If it doe roll about it is a Whirle-winde if it be but small it is called Ayre An Earthquake is a fume contained in the earth Earthquake when it findeth no vent it shaketh it is made acoording to the breadth or depth of the earth In breadth it causeth sometime such trembling that it shaketh downe whole Citties That in depth causeth a gaping or swelling A Gaping is when the Earth openeth as it were her mouth and doth swallow downe trees walles c. A Swelling is when the earth being lifted up like a mountaine either remaineth so or else falleth downe againe CHAP. V. Of mixed living Natures NAtures mixed perfectly are living and corporall essences indued with a Vegetative soule A Vegetative soule is a facultie giving life to bodyes What a vegetative soule is Therefore so long as any part of this shall exercise her power in any body so long is that alive and remaineth safe But her chiefe operation and so life it selfe The nature office of it consisteth either in preserving severall bodies or whole kinds Nourishment is the preserving of severall bodies What nourishment is and is the making of foode received like to the body nourished Vnder that name is every thing which is received to sustaine our bodyes of which sort is the ayre it selfe Some other faculties are required to perfection of nourishment as concoction and his companions Concoction What cócoction is with the necessity of it is a working or framing of nourishment and it is made either of temperate or increased heate of the parts to be nourished By temperate heate is made ripening which is a The necessity of temperate heate for nourishment cleared by comparison concoction of nourishment with moisture by how much therefore the moisture shall be better tempered with heate by so much is the ripening sooner and more perfect as in a summer too moyst the increase of the earth is later made ripe Concoction arising from greater store of heate is either elixation or assation Elixation is a concoction more perfectly working the thicke or watrish moysture with a strong moyst heate As flesh is sod in water whose moyst heate altereth consumeth the fomy moystnes of meate if this Elixation remaine unperfect it is called rawnesse and the nourishment is not refined for want of moyst heate For it was not of power to finish concoction Assation is concoction by meanes of dryer heate fully strengthening the moysture of nourishment If The benefit of good and the hurt of bad concoction this strength of bodyes be somewhat weake it is called thickning if concoction bee vicious it is turned unto putrifaction Moyst and hote things doe most easily corrupt if the bodyes be not open to the Ayre In stopped bodyes heate having no vent is increased Whence inflammation ariseth Whence commeth inflammation which putrifaction doth follow causing greater heate This of concoction The Companions of concoction are Faculties fitly The companions of concoction serving for the perfection of it Of these one goeth before the other followeth The former is Attraction and Retention Attraction is a facultie supplying matter of convenient 1. Attraction what it is nourishment as is seene in things drawing our of the flesh Arrow-heads or thornes deepely fastned So wheat draweth water out of on earthen pot it being set upon the heape Retention which retayneth 2. Retention what it is nourishment untill it be concocted doth nourish the body Nourishment is first put to and afterward united The companion following concoction is expulsion Expulsion is a driving backe of unprofitable matter 3. Expulsion what it is when concoction is once made it is within or without the body Within when the stronger thrust superfluities to the weaker untill they come to the weakest of all Encrease which is joyned to the nourishment is continued but to a certaine age then the

greene the ayre neare about it the stone of Brytaine The nature of it is the best It preserveth the wearer from the falling sickenesse eyght graines of his shaving drunke expelleth poyson c. as some affirme The Sardonyx is a cleare gem representing in coullours Sardonyx the nayle of a mans hand it preserveth chastnes The nature of it and healeth vlcers about the nayles The Selenites is a transparent gem like glasse it Selenites seemeth to increase and decrease with the moone The nature of it whose shape in the night it beareth and is called therefore the Moone-stone c. It is of a white blacke and yellow coullour His scrapings heale the falling sicknesse Bright shining Gems doe follow The Carbuncle is a gem shining in the light like Carbuncle fire it is the noblest and hath most vertues of any precious The nature of it stone The Calcedonian is of a purple coullour shining Calcedonian The nature of it like a starre it expels sadnes and feare by purging and chearing the spirits It hindreth all visions The Astarites is a Crystalline stone having in the Astarites The nature of it middest like a full moone Bright stones not shining do follow or the lesse shining Rubie The Rubie is a red gemme shining in darke like a sparke of fire it cleareth the sight it expelleth sad The nature of it and fearefull dreames The Topaz is of the colour of gold casting Topaz beames in the Sunne being layd to a wound it stancheth The nature of it blood or cast into hot water keepeth the hand from scalding Hiachinth The Hiacinth is of waterish colour it is exceeding hard and cloudie in the darke but pure and cleare by The nature of it day It is colde moderating the spirits of the heart and of the other parts and causing mirth which being worne obtaineth favour Precious stones of lesse shining be Corrall Asbestos Magnes and Galacte Corall is a stone growing in the Sea like a slimie Corrall shrub which by the ayre presently is made hard It is The nature of it taken up full of mosse but being unbarked it appeareth cleare in his proper colour The spongie Corrall is white and colde The solid is more stonie and is red and blacke Red and full of branches is the best which worne of one shortly to be sicke waxeth pale His tender substance is affected by the bad vapour which yet is unable in the body to afflict it It is good for sore eyes for the stone and falling sicknesse Asbestos is of an Iron colour being once fiered it Asbestos The nature of it cannot be quenched it is found in Arabia Magnes or Loadstone is of a skie colour or an Iron The Loadstone The nature of it colour It draweth Iron It hath like vertue with the Adamant It purgeth the dropsie belpeth the flux respecteth the North and South pole Galactites is of an Ash colour it seemeth to sweat Galactites The nature of it as it were milke it increaseth milke and helpeth running of the eyes and ulcers Now follow stones of divers colours Achates is a stone of divers colours resembling a Achates The nature of it Lyons skin sometime it is blacke with white veynes and yellow sometime it is as it were sprinkled with bloud it is very variable in colour Eagles lay it in their nests to preserve their young from poyson Turcois is darke of a skie colour and greenish Turcois It helpeth weake eyes and spirits The nature of it Corneolus is like water of washed flesh It helpeth Corneolus against the Pyles in the fundament and to stop fluxes The nature of it In a ring it restraineth anger Chrysoprasus is of a greene colour with golden Chrysoprasus spots It shineth a little in the darke it is rare and deare The nature of it It comforteth the heart helpeth dim sight c. Hematite is of an Iron colour with bloudy veynes Hematite It is cold and dry cooleth hot waters stancheth bloud The nature of it and helpeth against the scorching of the Sunne as Authors write Also the qualities of other stones depend rather upon authoritie than upon proofe Stones be found in Beasts Birds and Fishes Stones found in Beasts be 1. Chelidonius is a small stone in the belly of yong Chelidonius Swallowes It is found in those of the first hatching in The nature of it the new moone if two be found the one is red the other blacke The best is of a sprinkled red The red in a linnen cloath carried under the left arme expelleth madnesse the falling sicknesse and getteth favour say some 2. Alectorius is of a christall or watrish colour Alectorius It is found in the Maw of an olde Capon as big as a beane in one of nine yeere old small in one of five yeere The nature of it olde This stone quencheth thirst being held in the mouth It maketh warlike and couragious 3. The Rubet or Toadstone groweth in the head Toadstone of a Toad It is of a white browne colour sometime The nature of it it hath a skie coloured eye in the middle It is to bee taken before the Toad touch any Water It is a remedie against all poyson If it come neare poyson it changeth colour and sweateth as it were drops In fishes are found stones which are made of the cold hardening their matter 4. The Crabs eye of the female is like an eye Crabs eye it dissolveth bloud congealed and expelleth The nature of it stones 5. The Perch stone found in his head is white and as Perchstone big as Hemp-seed 6. The Carpe stone found in his chap is trianguler Carpestone white without yellow within It helpeth against The nature of it aboundance of choller Thus farre of precious stones These following are of price because of their beautie but not so rare Porphirite is a Marble shining like purple Alabaster Porphirite Alabaster is a marble like in colour to spotted Honny At this day it is cleare and smooth like Plaster The Ophite is a most hard marble of a sad greene Ophite spotted and serpent-like colour Common stones are of unpure slimie earth thicke Common stones and darke some be solid as the Flint Boulder the Whet-stone c. Some be full of pores as the Pumise Gravel-stone and free-stone Salt is a fryable mettall begotten of a waterish and Salt what it is earthy moysture mixt and decocted together It The nature of it bindeth scowreth purgeth disperseth represseth maketh thin and hard It is gotten in pits or waters The sorts of digged salts be Salt Amoniack is found in plates under the hotte Salt Amonaick The nature of it sands of Cyreniae It is hot and dry in the fourth degree and serveth to purge slimie humors That which Apothecaries sell in blacke clods

the barke and wood of this tree floweth a gumme like Rozen The Firre tree is a kinde of Pitch tree but somewhat Firre tree whiter his leaves on one side are of an Ash colour from this floweth also a Rozen which sod with honey profitteth against the destillations of the head and throat against the Quinsey and other maladies it asswageth the inflammation of woundes and joyneth them it sodden with Barley bran and wine cureth hard kernells The Larix is a high tree with a thicke barke clifted Larix tree on each side his boughes grow by degrees about the trunke his leaves are thicke long soft and hairie his fruit is almost like the Cypres and hath a pleasant The nature of it smell The wood of this for that it is dry and full of Rozen burneth vehemently and soone melteth mettall His Rozen is in smell taste and working better than common Turpentine In colour it is like honey tough but not hard In the body of the tree groweth Fungus Agaricus a swamp or mush rome The best is white thin full of pores light and easie to breake it purgeth fleame Now follow trees that bring forth no fruit of note called Barren-trees The Elme is tall with rough leaves and sharpe his Elme tree wood is yellow hard deformed the barke boughes The nature of it and leaves have a healing facultie in scabbes It also closeth woundes The Alder hath a long straight trunke his wood is Alder tree soft his leafe like Peare-tree but greater thicker and rounder it groweth in moyst places and by rivers His wood is hot and dry and indureth long under the The nature of it earth or in water His thin and fat leaves layd upon tumors with hot water cure them and helpe all swellings The Teile is a large and broad tree with a thicke Teile tree stalke his leaves like Ivie but softer and sharper It The nature of it bindeth his other qualities are like the wilde Olive The Boxe hath little round leaves alwayes greene Boxe tree his stalke is rough for most part full of knotts and blacke the wood is hard and heavie it sinketh in water and never decayeth with age Of this boxes are named because most of them were wont to be made of Boxe It is dry and binding the powder of his The nature of it leaves with Lavender and water profitteth against madnesse Lye of Boxe maketh yellow hayres The Birch is a tender tree his barke is blacke at Birch tree first but after white his wood is soft and weake above other It hath a sweete sap In the rude age his barke was used for paper His sap taken in the Spring helpeth The nature of it the stone Iaundies and rottennesse of the mouth also being put in milke preserveth the Cheese made of that milke from Maggots Willow groweth apace it endureth long for Willow tree The nature of it though it bee hollow and rotten yet it liveth It is of two sorts solid or brittle the solid is blacke or yellow the blacke is the greater and better and is most apt for binding The yellow groweth chiefly neare water it is sometime white The brittle Willow is most white and unapt for binding Willowes are dry and thicke his leaves and barke sod in Wine helpeth gripings of the belly The Poplar delighteth in moyst and watrish places Poplar tree It is white or blacke the white hath a long straight trunke and a smooth barke his leafe round and after sharper greene beneath hoarie above and do continually shake it is moderately hot and dry The roote taken in drinke defendeth from gripings in the belly Blacke Poplar is like the white but greater softer and hath narrower leaves and greene below and of an The nature of it Ash colour above It is hot and dry the boughes held in the hand some say forbid wearinesse of hand and foote his gumme stamped helpeth loosenesse Now follow shrubs which spring up with many Shrubs stalkes and are noble or lesse noble The noble as first Cinnamon which is a barke of a shrub of that Cinnamon name growing in India of a blacke colour with thin boughes which if they be broken cast forth a sweete sent His barke is of two sorts thicke and thinne The thinne is of the sharpest and best taste The thicke is more slowly digested it comforteth the heart the best The nature of it is red and sharpe with some sweetnesse It is of subtile parts hot in the third and dry in the second degree It helpeth a colde stomacke it strengtheneth the sight heart and liver and begetteth pure blood Cassia Fistula is a round great and purple Cane Cassia Fistula having a very blacke pith the heaviest and reddest Canes are best Of the blacke pith is made a good and The nature of it gentle purgation called Cassia extract This helpeth much against feavers and many other diseases if one ounce of it be taken with as much Rose water Shrubs lesse noble The Hasell is an high shrub with a slender stalke Hasell and full of white spots His leaves are broader and have more gashes than the Alder. The tree beareth the The nature of it Filberd and the Nut these Nuts are hot and moyst and make fat but hurt the stomacke and procureth a laske If stamped in water and sugar they bee applied they helpe an old cough The ashes burnt with Swines or Boares grease and applyed to the head causeth the hayre to grow The Elderne hath boughes of an Ash colour and Elderne in it is store of pith and his leaves are much like to those of the Wal-nut tree it beareth purple berries having red iuyce Dwarfe Elderne is low short with a foure-square stalke these plants are hot and dry and have power to The nature of it purge and digest Also it healeth and closeth the roote or leaves of Elder sod in wine purge the dropsie and nothing is more effectuall to that purpose than the roote of Dwarfe Elderne Water in which the leaves of Elderne are sod helpes to rid the dry cough The Pitch or an electuary of the berries expelleth sweate and all poyson Barberries are not much unlike the wilde Peare although Barberries they bee farre lesse and in the boughes some two or three prickes grow together His leafe is like The nature of it Quince leaves but narrower Barberries bee hot and dry in the second degree The iuyce of the berryes profitteth against inflammation of the Liver as also against inward impostumes if it be applyed with nightshade it quencheth thirst The barke of his roote or fruit stamped plucketh out a thing fast in the flesh his syrrope tempered with sugar comforteth the hart restoreth appetite profiteth against burning Feavers and all inward diseases of much blood The small Raisin hath purple boughes and pampin Small Raysin leaves but lesse and of blackish greene it

hath The nature of it round red berries upon long stalkes his fruit and leaves are colde and dry in the second degree having power to close The iuyce of the fruit taken helpeth against trembling of the heart inflammations of the bodie but chiefly it helpeth the plague his iuyce with Endive water profitteth to remove specks of the face The Rose groweth up with small twigs of a blacke Rose greene full of crooked prickes his leaves are dented The nature of it on the edge his fruit namely Roses bee of diverse colours All Roses bee colde and dry and helpe both inward and outward affections of the body The juyce sod in Wine helpeth griefes of the head eyes and gums Honey and Rose water strengthen all parts and purge melancholy and fleame sodden with Fennell and Salt his oyle healeth burnings and layed on the forehead taketh away heavinesse and hot sicknesses The funge of wilde Rose trees in powder with wine expelleth the stone Water of Roses helpeth sore eyes comforteth and cooleth the braine it being drunke relieveth the heart and stomacke it keepeth the spirits and naturall heate The Bramble is full of prickes and crawleth about Bramble the leaves of sweete bryer on the one side are white on the other blacke his fruite is the blacke berry full of juyce the berry is dry colde and close His fruit The nature of it leaves or sprouts quench inward heate The top of his leaves sod in Wine stay the bloudie flixe helpe ulcers of the mouth and fasten loose teeth Poterion uva orispa Gooseberries is full of boughs Gooseberries hath ash coloured barke or white full of sharpe thornes his leaves are lesse than ground Ivie and crooked his berries from greene turne to reddish it is cold The nature of it in the first dry in the second degree his greene leaves cure inflammations and apostumes and asswage Ignis sacer Colutea in leafe not unlike to Fengreke hath a Colutea round fruit as big as a Lentle in a puffed shell It is hot The nature of it in the beginning of the second degree and dry in the first it purgeth the panch scoureth away chiefly melancholy The nature of it without trouble from the head braine and the Instruments of the senses Thus farre of Plants growing from a trunke or stalke c. Now follow Herbes which have but a thin small Herbes stalke consisting most upon leaves These doe nourish more or lesse as Corne and Pot-herbes which nourish more Wheate is a kinde of Corne having an eare upon Wheate the blade stuffed with many graynes it is moderately The nature of it hot and dry and of much nourishment and helpefull for many diseases aswell within as without the body the best is hard to breake heavie and of gold colour smooth and groweth in fat ground Leaven of Wheate doth draw ripen and open ulcers and apostumes Bisket profitteth against rheume Barly is cold and dry in the second degree and Barley purgeth His floure and new milke in plaster cure The nature of it Biles and such tumors by easing their paine and drawing forth heate Bread made of it begetteth cold and slimie humours and nourisheth lesse than wheat Barley water maketh the skin faire and smooth Spelte or Zea is of a middle temperature betweene Spelte Wheate and Barly it is a kinde of Wheate and commonly goeth under that name Rye is not so hot as Wheate and hurteth much except Rye it be well disgested Oates are colder than Wheate and of operation almost Oates like Barley Now follow of Pulse Millet Millet is a most fertile Pulse with sharpe leaves broad below and sharpe towardes the toppe his cod hath The nature of it in it a round long fruit It is cold in the first and dry in the third degree It stoppeth the belly and nourisheth but little Rize is smaller than Millet and farre lesse it groweth Rize in moyst and watry places it bindeth Lentells grow like small pease and have a vertue to Lentels binde Pease are either of the field or garden bearing a Pease white ot a purple flower Beanes are meanely colde and moyst inflaming Beanes windie hard to disgest Pot herbes Now follow Pot-herbes Coleworts haue very broad leaves which enclosing Colewortes Their natures one another round about become Cabbedges These be colde and moyst and in Egypt be very bitter The Romanes for the space of six hundred yeares used this onely herbe to cure all diseases His broath expelleth the stone and gravell his leaves applyed by themselves or with the flowers cure inflamations his juyce healeth festred sores it cureth the falling of the haire Broath made of his leaves with an olde Cocke cureth the Collicke and other gripings Spinagh hath an high stalke and beareth sharpe Spinagh seedes his leaves being sharpe and triangular it is The nature of it colde and moyst in the first degree His juyce expelleth hurtfull rheume It mollifieth the belly and cureth hardnesse of the backe and belly His Iuyce taketh away the paine and heate of the stomacke and liver it helpeth the byting of Spiders Lettise hath his leaves gathered into a curled roundnesse Lettise that which groweth in the field hath a shorter stalke and leafe than Garden Lettise being bitter and full of milke It is moderately moyst and colde like Spring water The nature of it it is wholsome in Summer to restore appetite to meate Yet too much of it hurteth the eyes and boyld with womans milke cureth burnings Beetes have two colours the one white the other Beetes blacke and red both of them for their salt disgest and cleanse but the white is more salt and bindeth yet being boyled it looseneth It cureth obstructions of The nature of it the liver especially if it be taken with vineger and mustard It also cureth those that be sicke of the splene Purslaine hath round thicke fat and white leaves Purslaine on the backe a red stalke yellow flowers like a Starre They of the Garden have broad leaves and a thicke stalke the wilde lesser and more leaves It is colde in The nature of it the first and moyst in the second degree it is tart his juyce helpeth a hot stomacke and hot diseases it being somewhat binding helpeth fluxes and evacuations of bloud if it be used with Barly flower Garden Mallowes grow with a round leafe and high Mallowes stalke his flowers be red or white wilde Mallowes mollifie and a little disgest Garden are moyst and The nature of it weaker The decoction of Mallowes drunke cureth on old cough his leaves sod and used with common oyle heale burning The Onion hath a subtile stalke round and hollow Onion arising from a round roote wound about with many fouldings it is hot almost in the fourth degree it is The nature of it of thicke partes his juyce is

a dry substance and hot An Onion all night layd in cold water and drunke killeth wormes and being beaten with salt it draweth away warts by the rootes his juyce put in the eare cureth deafenesse The Leeke groweth almost like Onions and is of Leekes the same qualitie it doth dissolve swellings and congealed The nature of it bloud being applyed like a Plaster Parsley hath leaves like Cicuta it is hot and dry in Parsley the third degree it peirceth and dissolueth provoking The nature of it urine the seede is more effectuall than the herbe It dissolveth the stone it consumeth ill moysture and sores of the head These hearbes following are used for Garlands or physicke some of them smelling sweetly The Violet hath leaves lesser and thinner than Ivie Violet but more blacke his stalke commeth from the midst of his roote beareth a purple flower and a seed full of graynes It springeth in woods and shadowie The nature of it places wilde but not sweete it is cold in the first and moyst in the second and cooleth hot diseases and inflammations Of it there be divers kindes and colours as the Pancey or Harts-ease The Daisie hath leaves somewhat round above and Daysie The nature of it small below and the roote in the ground wheeling about it is cold in the second degree The Ielly-flower hath sharpe leaves growing like Ielly-Flower grasse with flowers of sundry colours it hath an attractive The nature of it force and the juyce healeth wounds in the head Maioram hath almost a woodden stalke with many Maioram The nature of it rough round leaves and it smelleth sweetly It is hot and dry in the fourth degree it is of thin parts and of a disgesting facultie It healeth disgesteth and prouoketh vrine Rosemary is hot and dry in the third degree and Rosemary smelleth like Frankincense It mollifieth disgesteth The nature of it and dryeth Spicknard is hot in the first and dry in the second degree Spicknard The nature of it Lavender heateth and dryeth in the second degree Lavender White Daffodill is hot and dry It is of diverse Daffodill kindes Rose Campion is an hearbe with an Ash coloured Rose Campion stalke as it were cotton long leaved and white bearing purple flowers growing up like the Prim-rose The nature of it his seede is hot and dry almost in the second degree it prevaileth against the stinging of Scorpions Herbes used in medicine are Aromatike or ordinary Aromaticke doe comfort and strengthen the spirits Thence they take their name Saffron is hot in the second and dry in the first degree Saffron it a little bindeth and concocteth it may with good keeping be preserved five yeares The nature of it It comforteth the heart and stomacke it maketh pure bloud and provoketh vrine it scowreth the brest it is deadly if it be taken too much Ginger waxeth greene twise or thrise in the yeare Ginger it heateth in the third and is moyst in the first it is of The nature of it more subtile parts than Pepper Zadury or Wormeseede heateth and dryeth in the Wormeseede second degree it is that we doe call the roote of China like Ginger but not so biting The nature of it Gallingall is the roote of a plant growing in Memphis Gallingall and Syria it groweth like the flouredeluce but with prickes and is broader and thicker from the The nature of it roote It is hot and dry in the third degree as is the roote of Cyprus Calamus Aromaticus is an hearbe of India growing Calamus Aromaticus The nature of it like reeds or figs. It is hot and dry in the second degree and a little binding Acorus is a plant growing with leaves like Iris but A corus The nature of it smaller or like segges the roote is white sweetly smelling It is hot and dry in the second degree There be sexes of hearbes as of other living things some of which more helpe namely the Male or Female according to their kindes CHAP. VIII Of humane Creatures MAn is a creature that hath reason as he is most What man it and the manner of his generation excellent so hath he a more perfect shape in body than others His members are formed and beginne to appeare distinctly about the six and twentieth day And they are all perfect in Males at thirty dayes and in Females at 36. dayes About this time the Childe beginneth to live and to feele The Male is moved in the third Month but the Female in the fourth Month then it is nourished and increased till the ninth Month and after the ninth Month when it is growne great it is brought forth This is the forming and procreating of Man for whose sake all other creatures were made A feeling soule is a power apprehending and What a feeling soule is perceiving things placed without the body of living creatures This facultie is exercised by the sences and by motion accompanying the sences The sences are outward or inward The outward onely Sences outward perceiving things present And every one of these have their proper subject and the most have a middle instrument of all which if there bee a certaine mutuall consent and just proportion the sences become of more force but if any one of them have too excellent an object or his instrument bee corrupt they are dull and unfit to be used This is the cause of blindnesse to those that walke in snow and of deafenesse unto Smithes c. Furthermore sences are common to the whole body or proper to some part thereof The Touching sence in the whole body is touching This is a sence by meanes of flesh full of sinewes apprehending tactill qualities His instrument is flesh full of sinewes or rather a nerve like a hayre dispersed throughout the whole body In man for the abundance of nerves is this sence most quicke his meanes is flesh and skin for though the skinne be removed yet a man feeleth hurt Sences of certaine parts are more or lesse noble The nobler are Seeing and Hearing whose meanes are the water Geeing and ayre Sight by the eye perceiveth bright and coloured things The subject thereof is light c. Greene a most temperate colour is most acceptable to the sight His instrument is the nerve Opticke which from the braine commeth to the eyes Hearing is a sence perceiving soundes his instrument Hearing is a little skin in the lowest winding or turning of the eare dry and full of holes the skin is double one below which covereth a little bone like an Anvile another above containing a little bone as it were a small Mallet The upper striken by the soundes striketh the lower and stirreth up the spirits in the nerves to perceive the sound The more un-noble sences are Tasting and Smelling Tasting Tasting apprehendeth tastes His instrument is a

nourishing growing weake it ceaseth Now followeth conservation of the whole stocke Generation is a facultie of the body procreating any What generation is thing like it selfe This faculty preserveth all kindes of things in their estate though continually they doe perish The object of generation is the procreating seede What is the object of it of every thing The changing faculty altereth the seede into parts of the body to be begotten The ministeriall vertues of this facultie of generation doe change or forme The forming faculty fashioneth the thing into distinct forme CHAP. VI. Of Minerals and Mettals THe Vegetative soule being explained now follow the kindes of such natures as have perfect or unperfect growth Those of unperfect growth are Mettals which are decocted in the veines of the earth Mettals are to be melted easily or hardly Those that are easie to bee dissolved are either first or such as spring from them Principall or first are of themselves from the originall Brimstone what it is and the nature of it as Brimstome and Quicksilver Brimstone is the fat of the earth with fiery heate decocted unto his hardnesse which is the cause that it so speedily is enflamed and burneth even in water yea sooner than the fat of the beasts which though it bee fatter than brimstone yet it is farre colder So that for his fat drinesse it helpeth scabbes of all kinds and the leprie That Brimstone is counted the best which is greene and cleare Quicksilver is a slimy water mixt with a pure white Quicksilver what it is earth which mettall for the matter whereof it doth consist is thinne cold and heavie It is in continuall motion and his thinnesse causeth The nature of it that it pierceth mettals Mettals derived from the first are more or lesse Gold what it is pure purer are Gold and Silver Gold is a mettall made of most subtile and pure red brimstone and of the like quicksilver Gold hath the most perfect mixture as it is most thin so it is most solide whose substance is not corrupted with either earth water or ayre nor consumed with fire but is more purged in it The nature of it And for his thin solidnesse it is most soft and easie to be melted So that is most worth which is most red and glistering and soft that easily it may be wrought Experience teacheth that the 3 part of one graine of gold can gild a wyre of 134 foote long upon plates of silver one ounce of gold will suffice to gild eight pound waight of silver His nature is to bee marvelled at It waxeth cold towards day light so that those that weare rings of it may perceive it when it waxeth day Where it is found It is found in the mountaines of Arabia and else where and the best in the mountaine Terrat neare the Citie Corbachiam Siluer is a mettall begotten of pure white Mercury Silver what it is The difference betwixt it and gold and the like cleare white Brimstone It differeth from Gold almost onely in colour it being Gold not perfectly refined yet in purenesse firme solidnesse and thinnesse it is next to Gold and one ounce of it may be drawne 3200. foote long so that it can scarce be discerned from Gold Yet it is thicker an hundreth fold When it is found it hath the shape of haires twigs fishes serpents and such like Mettals lesse pure consist of greater store of Brimstone or Quicksilver of greater store of Brimstone come Brasse and Iron Brasse is a mettall begotten of thicke red Brimstone Brasse what it is and Mercury somewhat impure that comming from Cyprus is called Copper the matter of Brasse is more burnt than that of other mettals and indureth long and is fit in any worke For it is without all moysture whether it be kept in earth or water Minerals neare Brasse are Copperasse c. Copperasse is a minerall mixed of humours strained Copperasse what it is by droppes into small holes and it shineth like glasse It is hot and dry in the 4. degree vehemently binding The nature of it being of great force to season and preserve raw flesh It also begetteth sound flesh in festered sores and stancheth blood It is of a greene yellow and a skye colour the best hath in it white spots his kinde are Romane vitrioll and red vitrioll or the fome of Copperasse Iron is of store of Mercury and of thicke sulphur Iron what it is impure and adust It may be softened by quenching in The nature of it juyce of beane shuls or mallowes It being red hot and cooling of himselfe becommeth plyable But if it be often quenched in cold water it becommeth thereby very hard and brittle Mettalls of greater store of Mercury are Lead and Tynne Lead is an unpure mettall begot of much unpure Lead what it is thicke and drossie Mercury and likewise of unpure Brimstone his impurity causeth blacknesse which by refining is made whiter It increaseth in waight if it lie in moyst ground Yea it is thought to increase with raine It is of a The nature of it cold and binding nature and therefore scarce wholsome for mans use Tynne is a mettall mixed of Mercury white without Tynne what it is and red within and of Brimstone not well mixed as it were Lead whited with silver Thus farre of mettalls pliable Mettals lesse plyable are those which are not easily wrought or melted and are hard or brittle Those that bee altogether hard are stones These Stones whereof they are c the variety of them are ingendred of a watry moysture and fat earth mixed hard togeather Of stones some be rare some common Of the rare and strange some are of more estimation than others The more esteemed are precious stones which are Precious stones more beautifull and fine in regard of their pure and subtile matter Of Gemmes some are of one coullour some of sundry colours More or lesse transparent be either white or of other colours White are Crystall or Adamant Crystall is a Crystall gem bright through begot of a most pure stony moysture The nature of it and is found in mines of Marble c. His qualitie is binding therefore his oyle or powder is helpefull in Laxes and increaseth milke in womens brests The Adamant or Diamant is a gem cleare and most Adamant hard it can scarce be broken and thence it is named The nature of it unlesse steeped in the warme bloud of a Goat that hath drunke Wine or eaten Parsley Transparent Gemmes not white as the Saphir Sardonix and Smaragde have the same coullour in all their kindes Saphir The Saphir is a gem cleare through of a skie coullour growing in the East and specially in India The nature of it Being drunke it helpeth against the stinging of Serpents poyson c. as some affirme The Smaragde is of a greene coullour making Smaragde

by which sence and motion descend Hard Nerves have a duller facultie and lesse serving to the senses of which are thirtie paire which by couples come from the marrow of the backe bone by whose conduct the backe easily executeth his faculties Of the parts to breath The principall parts of breathing are in the brest The breathing parts being either Lightes or Heart wherefore these being touched breathing is immediately hurt and such wounds be deadly The Longes are a spongious and thin part soft and like foame of congealed bloud declining something to the right side Breath is brought unto the Lightes by a rough Artery knit to the roote of the tongue This Arterie is a long channell made of many gristle rings on a row which endeth in the Lights If any thing fall into the hollownesse of this the breath is hindred and there is danger to be choaked The Heart is a fleshie part solid and well compacted The heart what it is almost like a Pyramis it hath two ventricles the right and the left The right by an arteriall veine communicateth bloud to the Lights This veine is so called of a proper substance and office From the left ventricle of the Heart ariseth Aorta the roote of all the Arteries These are hollow vessells in the Heart begotte and are thicke distributing spirits throughout the whole bodie The excrements of the principall parts of breathing Spittle what it is be spittle and cough Spittle is a windie foame cast out of the brest and his parts If it be avoyded with noyse it is called coughing Superfluitie of this matter is judged by the colour for red spittle is of bloud yellow of choler white of flegme and blacke of melancholy The lesse principall parts of breathing are the Midriffe what it is midriffe and the mediastin The midriffe is a thinne skin like perchment fastened overthwart to the sides and includeth the parts of the brest The mediastin is a double skinne in length dividing the brest into two sides The vitall parts are those which serve to the preservation of the spirits of living creatures and are appoynted to nourishment or generation The principall parts for the perfection of nourishment be the stomacke and the Liver The Stomacke is a part like perchment sticking to Stomacke what it is the throat round but long and as it were twisted with many small threeds and it is the kitchin of nourishment to be concocted The throat is a channell full of nerves carrying Throat what it is meate from the mouth to the stomacke The Fibres are as it were very small threeds by benefit whereof the stomacke enjoyeth her facultie These if they bee straight and right draw nourishment unto them if crooked they are oblique or transverse those retaine nourishment received these expell excrements The casting forth of excrements by the upper parts Vomiting of the stomacke is called vomit which expelleth that which aboundeth in the stomacke yet such excrement is many times sent backe from other parts into the stomacke The Liver lyeth upon the stomacke on the The Liver right side enclosing it with his laps and is a fleshy part of nourishment red like congealed bloud placed next unto the Midriffe In the Liver is made the second concoction namely of nourishment in the belly turned into a red masse from the Liver ariseth a hollow veine the roote of all other veynes These are hollow parts round and guide the bloud unto all the body the substance of these is thinner by sixe folde than the skin of the Arteries whose substance ought to be thicker for the vehement motion of the spirits That the office of the Liver may be made perfect by meanes of veynes other particles are allotted thereunto which receive the abounding humors choller c. The Gall receiveth yellow choller and the Milt blacke The bladder of the Gall is a slimie part in the hollow part of the Liver of the figure of a Peare the Milt is a long part like a shooe-sole on the left side over against the Liver but somewhat lower Water from the Liver is received by the reines and bladder The substance of the reines is thicke and solid flesh they sticke on both sides about the loynes and have emulgent veynes arising from the hollow veine From the trench of the veynes hang downeward white narrow veynes guiding water from the reines unto the bladder The bladder is a slimie part round and containing urine in it Vrine is a whey separated from bloud in the reines Vrine and more fully purged in the bladder This in the bodie of a temperate man and sound is of a meane substance and in quantitie answereth the drinke received in the chollerike it is yellow or red His sediment is white smooth and equall without bubbles c. A sound body is knowne by voyding vrine which How to discerne a sound body by it in the morning is white and after something red For the one signifieth that it doth and the other that it hath concocted Vrine is of a meane substance betwixt thin and thicke Thin vrine argueth the weakenesse of the body and coldnesse predominant and rawnesse of the parts of concoction And this either remaineth the same or becommeth troubled That sheweth concoction is not yet begunne and therefore raw or This that it is but new begunne Thicke vrine like that of beasts noteth excesse of matter or concoction Vrine doth varie according to age or complexion or according to dyet and affections of the minde For the vrine of Infants for the most part is white and milkie the vrine of boyes is thicker and not so white the vrine of young men is like golde and of olde men white and thin Touching complexions the chollerick have Orange Complexions colour Phlegmatike pale and thicke the Sanguine red and meane The melancholike wan and thin Dyet changeth vrine as Saffron or Cassia caussth Orange Dyet colour Vrine of those that fast long is yellow of those that eate too much it is white The lesse principall parts of concoction are the Guts gutts and mesenterion The gutts are long round hollow and are knit to the lower part of the stomacke These are thicke or thin The thinner are the three uppermost as Duodenum Iejunum and Ileos Duodenum is the uppermost gut twelue fingers long Their severall kinds The Iejunum beginneth where the Duodenum beginneth to turne unto rundells Ileos is a thin gut having inwrapped windings The thicker guts of a thicker skin are Coecum Colon and Rectum The blinde gut is thicke large and short having but one mouth The Colon hath many turnings The right goeth straight to the Tuell The excrement of the belly if it be but softly compact and made at the appointed time and somewhat yellow and not much smelling argueth good concoction If it be red it argueth that much colour floweth in the stomacke if it be white it sheweth cruditie and want of choller Blew sheweth mortification and cold of the inward parts Too thicke or thin egestion argueth bad concoction if fattish or slimie it noteth a consumption Above all in these things it must bee observed what meate hath lately beene received The guts are wrapped about with the Mesenterion How placed in the body which is a skin in the end full of kernells and woven with many thin veines which meeting together make a multiplying of Vena porta in the hollow of the Liver Thus of the common parts of all creatures their kindes follow All Creatures are reasonable or unreasonable They The distinction of living creatures and their severall kinds which want reason are Beasts who live on Land or in Water Those which live on the earth moove on the earth or in the ayre Beasts moving on the earth are fourefooted or creeping Fourefooted Beasts bring forth young shaped as themselves or eggs Those that bring forth living Creatures some have solide feete and some cloven feete They have solide feete who want hornes as Horses Mules and Asses c. The cloven footed Beastes for the most part have hornes as the Oxe Goate Hart c. Land Beasts bringing forth eggs are the Crocodiles and some which have a shell Frogges Liserts and some Serpents have foure feete Creatures creeping on the earth are all kinde of Wormes Ants Earwigs to whom may bee added Spiders Lice Gnatts and such other Fowles are hotter and dryer than Creatures living onely on the land and all of them bring forth egges and have but two feete They have either whole feete or clawes Geese Duckes Swannes have whole feete to rowe in the water Other Birds for the most part have clawes as Doves Swallowes Hennes Sparrowes c. The insect of Fowles are Waspes Bees Hornetts Gnatts Flies These Creatures are they which live upon the earth those that live in the water are Fishes or of that kinde as the Sea-Horse the Sea-Dog c. Fishes many of them are like to Creatures living on the earth in their parts but they have not so much bloud therefore they are colder and moyster Fishes are soft or hard the soft have scales or onely a skin Of the scalie be the Carpe the Pearch Of the slimie be Eeles The harder fishes have plates as the Crabbe the Lobster c. Or shells as Oysters Mussells c. FJNJS