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the_o most_o part_n of_o the_o house_n of_o these_o village_n be_v in_o truth_n no_o more_o than_o cavern_n for_o they_o be_v hollow_a place_n make_v in_o the_o earth_n the_o rest_n be_v build_v of_o great_a beam_n of_o timber_n up_o to_o the_o roof_n which_o be_v make_v like_o a_o terrace_n and_o cover_v with_o turf_n only_o they_o leave_v a_o hole_n open_a in_o the_o middle_n to_o let_v in_o the_o light_n and_o let_v out_o the_o smoke_n which_o hole_n they_o stop_v up_o as_o they_o please_v themselves_o which_o sort_n of_o cavern_n have_v this_o convenience_n that_o they_o be_v very_o warm_a in_o the_o winter_n and_o cool_v in_o the_o summer_n nor_o be_v it_o a_o easy_a thing_n for_o thief_n to_o break_v into_o '_o they_o the_o borough_n of_o dily-jan_a and_o all_o the_o country_n round_o about_o for_o six_o league_n distance_n to_o the_o north_n and_o south_n and_o very_o far_o to_o the_o east_n and_o west_n belong_v to_o kamshi-can_a and_o be_v call_v the_o country_n of_o casac_n 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undertake_v to_o help_v i_o and_o do_v it_o so_o cordial_o and_o sedulous_o that_o the_o success_n answer_v both_o his_o diligence_n and_o fidelity_n he_o take_v upon_o he_o to_o hire_v cabin_n for_o i_o in_o the_o saic_a never_o discover_v for_o who_o it_o be_v he_o put_v my_o good_n aboard_o some_o and_o some_o as_o he_o see_v his_o opportunity_n he_o give_v i_o advice_n and_o necessary_a instruction_n how_o to_o make_v myself_o respect_v in_o the_o vessel_n and_o to_o get_v good_a entertainment_n at_o caffa_n whither_o i_o be_v first_o bind_v among_o the_o rest_n of_o my_o direction_n he_o order_v i_o to_o get_v good_a recommendation_n to_o the_o officer_n that_o be_v to_o command_v at_o azac_n and_o to_o take_v along_o with_o i_o the_o signior_n pass_n as_o for_o the_o recommendation_n i_o do_v not_o much_o fear_n to_o get_v it_o but_o the_o pass_n drive_v i_o to_o despair_v because_o i_o have_v already_o be_v refuse_v it_o thereupon_o i_o discover_v my_o perplexity_n to_o m._n de_fw-fr nointel_n beseech_v his_o excellency_n to_o give_v i_o leave_v to_o make_v use_n of_o the_o letter_n of_o recommendation_n which_o i_o have_v from_o the_o english_a ambassador_n who_o be_v at_o paris_n when_o i_o depart_v thence_o for_o the_o english_a ambassador_n at_o constantinople_n that_o i_o may_v by_o his_o mean_n obtain_v a_o pass_n as_o a_o englishman_n which_o although_o m._n de_fw-fr nointel_n scruple_v at_o first_o yet_o he_o consent_v at_o length_n when_o i_o tell_v he_o the_o urgency_n of_o my_o occasion_n so_o that_o he_o cause_v his_o secretary_n both_o to_o write_v and_o carry_v his_o letter_n to_o the_o english_a ambassador_n who_o be_v very_o glad_a to_o serve_v his_o excellency_n in_o my_o behalf_n and_o indeed_o the_o ambassador_n pursue_v his_o kindness_n with_o the_o great_a grace_n in_o the_o world_n and_o with_o a_o real_a affection_n but_o without_o success_n for_o as_o the_o caimacan_a be_v ready_a to_o sign_v the_o pass_n somebody_o give_v he_o private_a intimation_n to_o take_v a_o care_n what_o he_o do_v for_o that_o the_o pass_v require_v of_o he_o be_v for_o a_o frenchman_n under_o pretence_n of_o be_v english_a which_o spoil_v all_o and_o make_v a_o difference_n between_o the_o english_a ambassador_n and_o the_o caimacan_a who_o complain_v of_o the_o surprise_n and_o between_o the_o english_a ambassador_n and_o m._n de_fw-fr nointel_n who_o he_o tax_v for_o have_v give_v the_o caimacan_a his_n private_a intelligence_n the_o 19_o of_o july_n the_o greek_a merchant_n who_o be_v to_o conduct_v i_o to_o mingrelia_n come_v to_o give_v i_o notice_n that_o the_o saic_n lie_v at_o a_o anchor_n near_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o black-sea_n and_o only_o expect_v a_o fair_a wind._n so_o that_o i_o will_v present_o have_v go_v aboard_o but_o my_o friend_n do_v not_o think_v it_o convenient_a till_o the_o vessel_n be_v ready_a to_o sail_v for_o fear_v i_o shall_v be_v discover_v for_o a_o frenchman_n thereupon_o i_o stay_v three_o day_n with_o signior_n sinibaldi_n fieschi_n resident_n of_o genoa_n at_o a_o countryhouse_n which_o he_o have_v upon_o the_o bosphorus_n and_o four_o day_n more_o at_o a_o fair_a monastery_n of_o the_o greek_n at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o channel_n upon_o europe_n side_n over_o against_o the_o harbour_n where_o the_o saic_n lie_v at_o anchor_n the_o thracian_a bosphorus_n be_v certain_o one_o of_o the_o lovely_a part_n of_o the_o world_n the_o greek_n call_v bosphori_n those_o straits_n or_o arm_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o a_o ox_n may_v be_v able_a to_o swim_v over_o this_o channel_n be_v about_o fifteen_o mile_n in_o length_n and_o about_o two_o in_o breadth_n in_o most_o part_n but_o in_o other_o less_o the_o shore_n consist_v of_o rise_v ground_n cover_v over_o with_o house_n of_o pleasure_n wood_n garden_n park_n delightful_a prospect_n lovely_a wilderness_n water_v with_o thousand_o of_o spring_n and_o fountain_n the_o prospect_n of_o constantinople_n when_o you_o behold_v it_o 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the_o weak_a and_o low_a condition_n of_o the_o eastern_a emperor_n but_o mahomet_n the_o second_o win_v all_o those_o place_n from_o the_o genoeses_n towards_o the_o end_n of_o the_o sixteen_o age_n caffa_n be_v take_v in_o the_o year_n 1574._o the_o soil_n about_o caffa_n be_v dry_a and_o sandy_a nor_o be_v the_o water_n good_a but_o the_o air_n be_v very_o pure_a and_o wholesome_a there_o be_v very_o few_o garden_n about_o it_o nor_o be_v there_o but_o little_a fruit._n however_o they_o bring_v great_a quantity_n from_o the_o neighbour_a village_n though_o it_o can_v be_v say_v to_o be_v very_o delicious_a however_o i_o do_v not_o know_v whether_o there_o be_v any_o other_o city_n in_o the_o world_n where_o other_o provision_n be_v cheap_a and_o better_a their_o mutton_n be_v exceed_v well-tasted_n and_o not_o above_o one_o farthing_n a_o pound_n their_o other_o provision_n of_o bread_n fruit_n wild_a fowl_n and_o butter_n be_v sell_v proportionable_o at_o a_o cheap_a rate_n salt_n 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sebasta_n which_o geographer_n have_v place_v at_o the_o mouth_n of_o phasis_n but_o not_o a_o brick_n to_o be_v see_v no_o more_o then_o of_o the_o ruin_n of_o colchis_n all_o that_o i_o observe_v conformable_a to_o what_o the_o ancient_n have_v write_v concern_v that_o part_n of_o the_o black-sea_n be_v only_o this_o that_o it_o abound_v in_o pheasant_n of_o which_o there_o be_v some_o author_n and_o among_o the_o rest_n martial_n who_o say_v that_o the_o argonaut_n first_o bring_v those_o bird_n into_o greece_n where_o they_o have_v never_o be_v see_v before_o and_o that_o they_o give_v they_o the_o name_n of_o pheasant_n or_o phasiani_n as_o be_v take_v upon_o the_o bank_n of_o phasis_n this_o river_n separate_v mingrelia_n from_o the_o principality_n of_o guriel_n and_o the_o petty_a kingdom_n of_o imiretta_n anarghia_n be_v distant_a from_o it_o 36_o mile_n all_o the_o coast_n be_v a_o low_a sandy_a soil_n cover_v with_o wood_n so_o thick_a that_o a_o man_n can_v hardly_o see_v six_o pace_n among_o the_o tree_n in_o the_o evening_n i_o cause_v the_o master_n to_o put_v to_o sea_n with_o a_o fair_a gale_n and_o at_o midnight_n we_o sail_v before_o a_o haven_n call_v copoletta_n belong_v to_o the_o prince_n of_o guriel_n the_o 30_o after_o noon_n we_o arrive_v at_o goniè_fw-fr distant_a from_o phasis_n about_o 40_o mile_n the_o sea-coast_n be_v all_o exceed_a high-land_n and_o rock_n some_o cover_v with_o wood_n and_o other_o naked_a it_o belong_v to_o the_o prince_n of_o guriel_n who_o territory_n extend_v to_o a_o river_n about_o half_a a_o mile_n from_o goniè_fw-la goniè_fw-la be_v a_o large_a castle_n foursquare_a build_v of_o hard_a and_o rough_a stone_n of_o a_o extraordinary_a bulk_n seat_v upon_o the_o seaside_n upon_o a_o
translate_v in_o the_o name_n of_o god_n soveraignly-merciful_a and_o indeed_o the_o arabian_a word_n rahmen_fw-ge which_o signify_v merciful_a be_v a_o incommunicable_a attribute_n of_o god_n and_o which_o they_o never_o make_v use_n of_o but_o in_o speak_v of_o the_o divine_a clemency_n all_o the_o mahometan_n believe_v that_o this_o invocation_n conceal_v great_a mystery_n and_o enclose_v a_o infinite_a number_n of_o virtue_n for_o they_o have_v it_o always_o in_o their_o mouth_n rise_v sit_v take_v a_o book_n or_o a_o instrument_n in_o their_o hand_n or_o a_o pen._n in_o a_o word_n they_o believe_v they_o shall_v not_o prosper_v in_o any_o thing_n which_o they_o undertake_v if_o they_o do_v not_o begin_v with_o this_o invocation_n they_o assure_v themselves_o that_o adam_n and_o eve_n speak_v it_o before_o they_o go_v about_o any_o business_n it_o be_v set_v at_o the_o begin_n of_o every_o chapter_n in_o the_o alcoran_n and_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o it_o be_v in_o imitation_n of_o the_o usual_a say_n of_o the_o jew_n and_o christian_n the_o one_o always_o begin_v thus_o our_o aid_n be_v in_o the_o name_n of_o god_n who_o create_v heaven_n and_o earth_n and_o the_o other_o with_o these_o word_n in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o father_n the_o son_n and_o the_o holy_a ghost_n i_o shall_v speak_v in_o another_o place_n of_o the_o seal_n which_o be_v fix_v to_o this_o patent_n and_o of_o what_o be_v grave_v within_o the_o figure_n under_o it_o be_v call_v nishan_n that_o be_v the_o signal_n and_o also_o the_o flourish_n beneath_o the_o subscription_n it_o be_v here_o draw_v with_o a_o ruler_n but_o in_o the_o original_a it_o be_v make_v of_o the_o tail_n of_o letter_n the_o secretary_n who_o be_v use_v to_o write_v this_o subscription_n draw_v those_o tail_n so_o straight_o and_o so_o equal_a that_o you_o will_v take_v they_o for_o line_n draw_v by_o rule_n and_o compass_n the_o whole_a subscription_n be_v in_o colour_a letter_n except_o the_o word_n which_o signify_v lord_n of_o the_o world_n and_o those_o which_o i_o have_v translate_v absolute_o command_n which_o be_v in_o letter_n of_o gold_n the_o word_n zel_v ziouzoumis_n be_v ancient_a turkish_a still_o in_o use_n in_o the_o lesser_a tartary_n they_o signify_v proper_o my_o word_n or_o i_o speak_v and_o tamburlaine_n be_v the_o first_o that_o make_v use_v of_o those_o word_n in_o his_o patent_n the_o king_n of_o persia_n have_v still_o retain_v the_o custom_n the_o twelve_o name_n which_o be_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o flourish_n beneath_o the_o subscription_n be_v the_o name_n of_o the_o twelve_o pontiff_n real_a and_o lawful_a successor_n of_o mahomet_n according_a to_o the_o persian_a belief_n 5._o the_o governor_n in_o persia_n be_v distinguish_v into_o great_a and_o petty_a media_n and_o georgia_n for_o example_n be_v great_a government_n caramania_n and_o gedrosia_n petty_a government_n therefore_o they_o call_v beglerbeg_n which_o signify_v lord_n of_o lord_n the_o governor_n of_o a_o great_a government_n and_o the_o viceroy_n of_o a_o petty_a government_n they_o call_v a_o can_n 6._o deston_n tahem-ten-ten_a and_o feribour_n be_v the_o name_n of_o the_o ancient_a persian_a hero_n or_o if_o you_o please_v of_o the_o old_a giant_n which_o derive_v their_o be_v from_o the_o ancient_a fable_n these_o be_v the_o alcide_n and_o the_o theseus_n of_o the_o persian_n and_o as_o the_o grecian_a alcides_n have_v several_a name_n so_o likewise_o have_v the_o persian_a but_o the_o most_o common_a name_n which_o they_o have_v always_o in_o their_o mouth_n be_v that_o of_o rustem_n 7._o ardevon_n be_v the_o name_n of_o a_o ancient_a giant_n or_o hero_n who_o as_o the_o persian_n say_v conquer_v all_o asia_n and_o settle_v the_o seat_n of_o his_o empire_n in_o persia_n their_o history_n have_v not_o preserve_v the_o memory_n of_o any_o of_o his_o achievement_n but_o their_o romance_n feign_v a_o infinite_a number_n which_o be_v altogether_o fabulous_a 8._o in_o the_o original_a it_o be_v who_o unloose_v all_o sort_n of_o knot_n 9_o there_o be_v no_o people_n in_o the_o world_n more_o sottish_o devote_v to_o judicial_a astrology_n than_o the_o persian_n of_o which_o be_v to_o speak_v in_o another_o place_n i_o shall_v say_v no_o more_o here_o but_o that_o the_o persian_n rank_n all_o penman_n book_n and_o write_n under_o mercury_n who_o they_o call_v attare_v and_o hold_v all_o people_n bear_v under_o that_o planet_n to_o be_v endue_v with_o a_o refine_a penetrate_a clear-sighted_a and_o fubtil_a wit._n 10._o caagon_n be_v the_o name_n of_o a_o ancient_a king_n of_o china_n nor_o be_v there_o any_o one_o over_o the_o whole_a east_n who_o memory_n be_v more_o venerable_a it_o seem_v by_o what_o they_o report_v that_o he_o be_v more_o particular_o illustrious_a in_o his_o country_n for_o his_o government_n in_o peace_n and_o administration_n of_o justice_n then_o for_o his_o feat_n of_o arms._n therefore_o the_o eastern_a monarch_n assume_v his_o name_n to_o themselves_o as_o the_o roman_a emperor_n call_v themselves_o caesar_n moreover_o it_o have_v the_o same_o signification_n in_o persia_n as_o august_n in_o english_a so_o that_o when_o the_o persian_n will_v express_v any_o thing_n that_o be_v great_a and_o royal_a they_o say_v caagoniè_fw-la thus_o i_o have_v explain_v the_o truth_n of_o this_o little_a figure_n and_o i_o believe_v we_o shall_v be_v as_o little_o trouble_v to_o understand_v the_o whole_a language_n of_o this_o patent_n though_o metaphor_n and_o hyperbole_n be_v therein_o most_o furious_o injure_v 11._o the_o term_n which_o i_o have_v translate_v flower_n of_o merchant_n signify_v exquisite_a choice_n elect_v or_o most_o excellent_a the_o persian_n use_v it_o common_o as_o a_o epithet_n for_o all_o sort_n and_o condition_n of_o man_n great_a lord_n foreign_a minister_n merchant_n and_o bring_v it_o down_o even_o to_o tradesman_n 12._o it_o be_v in_o the_o persian_a nor_o by_o importunate_a flattery_n nor_o by_o hanghty_a demand_n 13._o the_o word_n which_o i_o have_v translate_v to_o encourage_v signify_v proper_o to_o water_n 14._o these_o word_n in_o dignity_n and_o virtue_n be_v not_o in_o the_o patent_n only_o i_o have_v put_v they_o in_o the_o place_n of_o those_o that_o be_v which_o signify_v the_o seal_n of_o great_a quality_n resemble_v the_o sun_n 15._o these_o word_n be_v to_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o word_n absolute_o command_v which_o be_v under_o the_o flourish_n beneath_o the_o subscription_n they_o be_v call_v here_o the_o decree_n of_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o world_n tamburlaine_n be_v the_o first_o that_o make_v use_v of_o these_o lofty_a expression_n now_o the_o grand_a signior_n and_o the_o indian_a monarch_n make_v use_n of_o they_o as_o well_o as_o the_o king_n of_o persia_n while_o every_o one_o maintain_v that_o it_o belong_v to_o he_o only_o and_o assume_v it_o as_o his_o most_o glorious_a title_n in_o the_o persian_a language_n it_o be_v saheb-cerani_a it_o may_v be_v also_o interpret_v master_n of_o the_o age_n but_o the_o other_o translation_n be_v more_o clear_a and_o intelligible_a and_o discover_v more_o plain_o the_o sottish_a pride_n that_o be_v contain_v in_o it_o 16._o we_o shall_v speak_v more_o particular_o in_o another_o place_n of_o the_o mark_n by_o which_o the_o persian_n distinguish_v time_n and_o season_n here_o therefore_o i_o shall_v say_v no_o more_o then_o for_o the_o understanding_n of_o the_o date_n that_o the_o month_n shavel_n be_v the_o ten_o and_o that_o the_o arabian_n have_v give_v epithet_n to_o all_o the_o month_n as_o for_o example_n to_o the_o first_o the_o epithet_n of_o sacred_a to_o the_o seven_o that_o of_o praiseworthy_a to_o the_o nine_o that_o of_o bless_a and_o to_o this_o here_o mention_v the_o style_n of_o honourable_a the_o word_n hegyra_n which_o be_v translate_v flight_n proceed_v from_o a_o verb_n which_o signify_v to_o fly_v as_o also_o to_o retire_v so_o that_o the_o hegyra_n of_o the_o mahometan_n be_v the_o same_o thing_n with_o the_o exodus_fw-la of_o the_o hebrew_n and_o without_o doubt_n omar_n have_v that_o same_o exodus_fw-la in_o his_o mind_n when_o he_o settle_v the_o mahometan_a epact_n from_o the_o time_n of_o mahomet_n departure_n from_o mecca_n which_o be_v the_o place_n in_o arabia_n where_o idol_n and_o idolatry_n be_v most_o in_o esteem_n 17._o in_o the_o original_a it_o be_v hamhager_n that_o be_v fly_v together_o 18._o as_o the_o arabian_n as_o we_o have_v say_v give_v epithet_n to_o the_o month_n the_o persian_n also_o have_v give_v epithet_n to_o the_o principal_a city_n of_o their_o empire_n ispahan_n and_o casbin_n be_v call_v the_o seat_n of_o monarchy_n canhadar_n a_o secure_a retreat_n asherif_n be_v call_v the_o ennoble_v because_o abas_n the_o great_a build_v a_o spacious_a and_o sumptuous_a palace_n and_o usual_o keep_v his_o court_n there_o when_o he_o be_v in_o the_o
foot_n be_v lose_v and_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o find_v the_o way_n which_o be_v the_o loss_n of_o many_o people_n and_o beast_n every_o year_n nor_o do_v this_o snow_n ever_o melt_v the_o mountain_n be_v continual_o cover_v with_o it_o it_o separate_v georgia_n from_o armenia_n and_o i_o be_v no_o soon_o over_v it_o but_o i_o find_v a_o country_n quite_o of_o another_o form_n and_o fashion_n for_o whereas_o on_o the_o other_o side_n there_o be_v nothing_o to_o be_v see_v but_o very_o high_a mountain_n and_o some_o few_o small_a plain_n between_o they_o and_o a_o woody_n country_n very_o well_o people_v here_o on_o this_o side_n we_o see_v spacious_a plain_n with_o little_a hillock_n cover_v alike_o with_o snow_n bare_a of_o all_o sort_n of_o wood_n but_o what_o be_v plant_v about_o the_o village_n we_o lodge_v at_o kara_n pheshish_n a_o great_a borough_n seat_v at_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o mountain_n which_o we_o cross_v over_o and_o upon_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n zengui_n which_o river_n water_n one_o part_n of_o armenia_n the_o great_a in_o make_v the_o geographical_a description_n of_o the_o country_n as_o i_o pass_v along_o i_o never_o mind_v any_o author_n whether_o ancient_a or_o modern_a find_v they_o all_o so_o opposite_a one_o to_o another_o and_o altogether_o dark_a and_o confuse_a which_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n that_o strabo_n say_v of_o the_o author_n that_o precede_v he_o and_o whoever_o will_v take_v the_o pain_n to_o compare_v those_o that_o have_v follow_v he_o either_o with_o the_o ancient_n or_o among_o themselves_o will_v be_v of_o the_o same_o opinion_n as_o for_o example_n in_o caldea_n or_o assyria_n which_o at_o present_a they_o extend_v almost_o to_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n though_o herodotus_n pliny_n strabo_n ptolemy_n and_o the_o other_o most_o celebrate_a ancient_a geographer_n enclose_v it_o between_o the_o desert_n of_o arabia_n and_o mesopotamia_n i_o have_v also_o observe_v one_o thing_n in_o the_o government_n of_o persia_n which_o have_v make_v i_o since_o believe_v that_o although_o author_n have_v set_v different_a bound_n and_o limit_n to_o the_o country_n yet_o that_o they_o may_v have_v all_o write_v very_o true_a and_o just_o and_o as_o thing_n stand_v in_o their_o time_n when_o the_o government_n be_v enlarge_v or_o confine_v within_o narrow_a bound_n as_o the_o supreme_a governor_n please_v or_o as_o necessity_n require_v for_o then_o the_o province_n that_o give_v the_o name_n to_o the_o government_n have_v not_o the_o same_o limit_n nor_o observe_v the_o same_o situation_n as_o before_o and_o therefore_o i_o will_v mark_v out_o the_o extent_n and_o situation_n of_o the_o country_n where_o i_o pass_v as_o i_o find_v they_o and_o if_o i_o must_v follow_v the_o ancient_a author_n it_o shall_v be_v only_o those_o of_o the_o persian_a geography_n some_o there_o be_v among_o they_o who_o divide_v armenia_n into_o three_o part_n the_o first_o which_o they_o call_v proper_o by_o that_o name_n the_o second_o which_o they_o call_v turcomannia_n and_o the_o three_o to_o which_o they_o give_v the_o name_n of_o georgia_n but_o the_o great_a number_n divide_v it_o only_o into_o two_o part_n the_o upper_a and_o the_o low_a the_o low_a which_o be_v sometime_o call_v the_o lesser_a sometime_o the_o western_a but_o general_o the_o lesser_a be_v under_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o turk_n the_o upper_a which_o they_o sometime_o call_v the_o eastern_a sometime_o the_o great_a but_o usual_o the_o great_a be_v a_o province_n of_o persia_n to_o the_o small_a or_o lesser_a armenia_n they_o assign_v for_o bound_n the_o great_a armenia_n to_o the_o east_n syria_n to_o the_o south_n the_o black-sea_n to_o the_o west_n cappadocia_n to_o the_o north_n and_o they_o place_v the_o great_a armenia_n between_o mesopotamia_n georgia_n media_n and_o armenia_n the_o less_o which_o situation_n agree_v in_o part_n with_o that_o of_o the_o ancient_a geographer_n who_o enclose_v armenia_n the_o less_o between_o cappadocia_n and_o euphrates_n and_o armenia_n the_o great_a between_o euphrates_n and_o tigris_n but_o it_o no_o way_n correspond_v with_o that_o of_o some_o author_n as_o be_v to_o be_v see_v who_o put_v syria_n the_o shore_n of_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n and_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o caspian_a in_o armenia_n of_o which_o they_o make_v edessa_n to_o be_v the_o capital_a city_n neither_o do_v author_n differ_v less_o about_o the_o denomination_n of_o this_o country_n while_o some_o derive_v the_o name_n of_o armenia_n from_o armenius_n a_o rhodian_a or_o thessalian_a other_o with_o far_o more_o reason_n from_o aram_n which_o may_v have_v some_o relation_n to_o the_o hebrew_n word_n ram_n which_o signify_v high_a or_o elevate_v either_o because_o the_o country_n lie_v high_a and_o for_o that_o several_a of_o the_o eastern_a mountain_n make_v a_o part_n of_o it_o or_o else_o because_o it_o fall_v as_o his_o share_n to_o aram_n the_o grandchild_n of_o noah_n who_o therefore_o call_v it_o by_o his_o own_o name_n and_o therefore_o hayton_n who_o be_v king_n of_o the_o country_n derive_v this_o name_n of_o armenia_n from_o aram-noah_n but_o how_o uncertain_a soever_o this_o etymology_n may_v be_v i_o have_v rather_o give_v credit_n to_o it_o then_o to_o another_o story_n which_o he_o report_v of_o armenia_n that_o be_v to_o say_v that_o it_o be_v the_o province_n where_o salmanassar_n plant_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o jew_n which_o he_o take_v prisoner_n in_o the_o conquest_n of_o palestine_n the_o holy_a scripture_n where_o ere_o it_o have_v occasion_n to_o mention_v it_o call_v armenia_n ararat_n certain_o it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o most_o lovely_a and_o most_o fertile_a country_n of_o asia_n it_o be_v water_v by_o seven_o large_a river_n which_o be_v the_o reason_n in_o my_o opinion_n that_o oblige_v the_o most_o part_n of_o the_o interpreter_n of_o the_o old_a testament_n to_o place_v the_o terrestrial_a paradise_n in_o this_o province_n however_o it_o be_v armenia_n be_v renown_v for_o several_a other_o famous_a accident_n and_o event_n there_o be_v not_o any_o other_o country_n wherein_o be_v fight_v so_o many_o bloody_a battle_n nor_o with_o great_a number_n on_o both_o side_n it_o have_v have_v particular_a king_n of_o its_o own_o at_o several_a time_n though_o they_o can_v not_o preserve_v their_o dominion_n while_o as_o history_n assure_v we_o all_o the_o most_o eminent_a captain_n that_o ever_o invade_v asia_n subdue_v it_o under_o their_o subjection_n in_o their_o several_a turn_n it_o be_v the_o theatre_n of_o the_o last_o war_n between_o the_o turk_n and_o persian_n while_o the_o turk_n fight_v to_o have_v have_v it_o all_o entire_a though_o at_o length_n they_o be_v content_a to_o share_v it_o with_o the_o persian_n yet_o not_o so_o but_o that_o they_o have_v have_v the_o great_a part_n the_o 6_o i_o continue_v my_o journey_n half_a dead_a as_o i_o be_v with_o cold_a and_o a_o dysentery_n but_o the_o hope_n i_o be_v in_o to_o meet_v at_o erivan_n with_o all_o necessary_a accommodation_n for_o my_o cure_n make_v i_o hasten_v thither_o notwithstanding_o all_o the_o pain_n that_o i_o feel_v so_o that_o we_o travel_v four_o league_n and_o arrive_v at_o bichni_n a_o considerable_a village_n seat_v at_o the_o foot_n of_o a_o mountain_n upon_o the_o river_n zengui_n we_o lodge_v at_o a_o fair_a armenian_a monastery_n build_v between_o the_o village_n and_o the_o mountain_n this_o monastery_n be_v a_o ancient_a foundation_n between_o eight_o and_o nine_o hundred_o year_n stand_v the_o cloister_n be_v build_v after_o the_o fashion_n of_o the_o country_n encompass_v with_o high_a and_o thick_a wall_n of_o free_a stone_n near_o to_o the_o monastery_n be_v to_o be_v see_v the_o ruin_n of_o tower_n castle_n and_o rampart_n in_o so_o great_a a_o number_n that_o it_o render_v very_o probable_a what_o the_o people_n of_o the_o country_n report_n that_o bichni_n have_v be_v one_o of_o the_o strong_a place_n of_o armenia_n i_o lodge_v in_o the_o convent_n where_o the_o monk_n receive_v i_o with_o great_a civility_n and_o put_v i_o into_o the_o fair_a apartment_n they_o have_v only_o i_o can_v by_o no_o mean_n prevail_v with_o they_o to_o let_v i_o have_v a_o fowl_n to_o make_v a_o little_a broth_n because_o it_o be_v their_o time_n of_o lent_n so_o that_o my_o guide_n be_v force_v to_o use_v his_o authority_n even_o to_o the_o hold_v up_o his_o cane_n to_o procure_v i_o a_o few_o eggs._n towards_o the_o evening_n i_o have_v a_o desire_n to_o drink_v some_o coffee_n which_o my_o guide_n bring_v i_o boil_v with_o a_o little_a sugar_n and_o of_o that_o i_o drink_v four_o small_a glass_n as_o hot_a as_o i_o can_v which_o do_v i_o lay_v i_o down_o well_o cover_v before_o a_o good_a fire_n to_o which_o feeble_a remedy_n it_o please_v god_n to_o give_v so_o great_a a_o
be_v of_o a_o peculiar_a sort_n of_o workmanship_n and_o show_v the_o curiosity_n of_o the_o artist_n for_o they_o be_v build_v one_o over_o the_o other_o and_o the_o uppermost_a be_v much_o high_a and_o large_a in_o the_o diameter_n then_o that_o below_o which_o serve_v for_o a_o basis_n to_o the_o other_o there_o be_v also_o three_o hospital_n in_o the_o city_n very_o neat_a and_o well_o in_o repair_n however_o there_o be_v no_o body_n lodge_v within_o they_o only_o they_o give_v victual_n to_o those_o that_o come_v twice_o a_o day_n these_o hospital_n at_o tauris_n be_v call_v ach-tucon_a that_o be_v place_n where_o they_o spend_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o victual_n at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o city_n to_o the_o west_n upon_o a_o little_a mountain_n stand_v a_o hermitage_n a_o very_a neat_a piece_n of_o workmanship_n which_o they_o call_v ayn_v hali_n or_o the_o eye_n of_o haly._n this_o califf_n who_o their_o prophet_n make_v his_o son-in-law_n be_v as_o the_o persian_n report_n the_o 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since_o but_o his_o successor_n not_o be_v of_o his_o opinion_n let_v it_o go_v to_o ruin_n there_o be_v also_o to_o be_v see_v the_o ruin_n of_o the_o principal_a edifice_n and_o fortification_n which_o the_o turk_n build_v there_o during_o the_o several_a time_n that_o they_o be_v master_n of_o it_o so_o that_o there_o be_v very_o few_o rock_n or_o point_n of_o mountain_n join_v to_o the_o city_n where_o nothing_o but_o the_o ruin_n of_o fort_n and_o heap_n of_o rubbish_n be_v to_o be_v see_v of_o which_o i_o careful_o survey_v a_o great_a part_n but_o i_o can_v not_o discover_v any_o thing_n of_o antiquity_n there_o be_v nothing_o to_o be_v dig_v up_o but_o brick_n and_o flint_n stone_n the_o only_a edifice_n that_o remain_v most_o entire_a among_o the_o turkish_a building_n be_v a_o large_a mosque_n the_o inside_n of_o which_o be_v inlay_v or_o rather_o parget_v with_o transparent_a marble_n and_o all_o the_o outside_o variegated_a in_o mosaic_a work_n but_o the_o persian_n account_v the_o place_n defile_v because_o it_o be_v build_v by_o the_o turk_n who_o faith_n they_o abominate_a among_o the_o heap_n of_o rubbish_n of_o which_o i_o have_v speak_v without_o the_o city_n to_o the_o south_n appear_v the_o ruin_n of_o the_o palace_n of_o the_o late_a king_n of_o persia_n and_o to_o the_o east_n those_o of_o the_o castle_n where_o they_o say_v cosroes_n lodge_v and_o where_o he_o lay_v up_o the_o holy_a cros_n for_o security_n and_o all_o those_o other_o sacred_a spoil_n which_o he_o bring_v away_o from_o jerusalem_n the_o piazza_n of_o tauris_n be_v the_o most_o spacious_a piazza_n that_o ever_o i_o see_v in_o any_o city_n of_o the_o world_n and_o far_o surpass_v that_o of_o ispahan_n the_o turk_n have_v several_a time_n draw_v up_o within_o it_o thirty_o thousand_o man_n in_o battle_n towards_o the_o evening_n this_o piazza_n be_v fill_v with_o all_o the_o mean_a sort_n of_o people_n that_o repair_v thither_o for_o sport_n and_o pastime_n where_o some_o be_v for_o game_n some_o for_o trick_n of_o activity_n some_o for_o see_v jack-pudding_n and_o mountebank_n act_v their_o drollery_n some_o for_o wrestle_a other_o for_o bull_n and_o ram-fighting_a other_o for_o repeat_v verse_n some_o recite_v story_n in_o prose_n and_o some_o to_o see_v wolf_n dance_v the_o people_n of_o tauris_n take_v great_a delight_n to_o see_v that_o sort_n of_o sport_n insomuch_o that_o they_o bring_v those_o dance_a wolf_n a_o hundred_o league_n a_o end_n after_o they_o be_v well_o teach_v and_o such_o as_o be_v best_a instruct_v be_v sell_v for_o five_o hundred_o crown_n a_o piece_n &_o many_o time_n also_o great_a quarrel_n arise_v about_o these_o wolf_n which_o be_v not_o easy_o appease_v nor_o be_v this_o piazza_n empty_a in_o the_o day_n time_n as_o be_v a_o market_n for_o all_o sort_n of_o provision_n and_o thing_n of_o small_a price_n there_o be_v also_o another_o piazza_n at_o tauris_n which_o appear_v in_o the_o plate_n before_o the_o demolish_a castle_n call_v the_o castle_n of_o jafer-pacha_a this_o be_v a_o place_n for_o the_o rendezvous_n and_o exercise_v of_o the_o soldier_n belong_v to_o the_o garrison_n now_o it_o serve_v for_o the_o shambles_n where_o they_o kill_v and_o dress_v all_o sort_n of_o large_a meat_n which_o be_v sell_v in_o all_o part_n of_o the_o city_n i_o have_v with_o great_a diligence_n endeavour_v to_o understand_v the_o number_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n in_o tauris_n but_o can_v never_o have_v a_o just_a account_n but_o i_o think_v i_o may_v true_o reckon_v it_o to_o amount_v to_o 550_o thousand_o person_n yet_o several_a person_n in_o the_o city_n will_v make_v i_o believe_v there_o can_v not_o be_v less_o than_o eleven_o hundred_o thousand_o the_o number_n of_o stranger_n also_o which_o be_v there_o at_o all_o time_n be_v very_o great_a for_o that_o they_o resort_v thither_o from_o all_o part_n of_o asia_n nor_o do_v i_o know_v of_o any_o sort_n of_o merchandise_n of_o which_o there_o be_v not_o there_o a_o magazine_n to_o be_v find_v the_o city_n be_v full_a of_o artist_n in_o cotton_n in_o silk_n and_o in_o gold_n the_o fair_a turban_n in_o persia_n be_v there_o make_v and_o i_o have_v hear_v several_a of_o the_o principal_a merchant_n of_o the_o city_n affirm_v that_o there_o be_v above_o six_o thousand_o bayles_n of_o silk_n wrought_v out_o in_o manufacture_n every_o year_n the_o trade_n of_o the_o city_n extend_v all_o over_o persia_n and_o turkey_n into_o muscovy_n tartary_n to_o the_o indies_n and_o over_o the_o black-sea_n the_o air_n of_o tauris_n be_v cold_a and_o dry_a very_o good_a and_o healthy_a nor_o can_v any_o man_n complain_v that_o it_o contribute_v to_o any_o bad_a disposition_n of_o humour_n the_o cold_a continue_v there_o a_o long_a time_n in_o regard_n the_o city_n be_v expose_v to_o the_o north_n for_o the_o snow_n lie_v nine_o month_n in_o the_o year_n upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n that_o surround_v it_o the_o wind_n blow_v almost_o every_o day_n morning_n and_o evening_n it_o also_o rain_v very_o often_o unless_o it_o be_v in_o the_o summer_n nor_o be_v the_o sky_n but_o seldom_o without_o cloud_n any_o season_n of_o the_o year_n it_o be_v seat_v in_o 38._o deg_n of_o latitude_n and_o 82_o of_o longit._n it_o abound_v with_o all_o thing_n necessary_a for_o human_a support_n so_o that_o a_o man_n may_v fare_v there_o delicious_o and_o very_o cheap_a the_o caspian_a sea_n which_o be_v not_o above_o forty_o league_n distant_a afford_v they_o fish_n and_o some_o they_o also_o take_v in_o the_o river_n of_o agi_fw-la before_o mention_v but_o that_o be_v only_o when_o the_o water_n be_v low_a the_o usual_a price_n of_o bread_n be_v three_o pound_n for_o a_o penny_n and_o of_o a_o pound_n of_o flesh_n three_o half_a penny_n in_o the_o summer_n there_o be_v great_a plenty_n of_o venison_n and_o water_n fowl_n but_o they_o kill_v very_o little_a venison_n or_o other_o wild_a beast_n there_o be_v also_o eagle_n in_o the_o mountain_n one_o which_o i_o have_v see_v sell_v by_o the_o country_n people_n for_o a_o groat_n person_n of_o quality_n let_v fly_v the_o sparrow-hawk_n at_o the_o eagle_n which_o be_v a_o flight_n full_a of_o curiosity_n and_o much_o to_o be_v admire_v for_o the_o sparrow-hawk_n soar_v above_o the_o eagle_n stoop_v of_o a_o sudden_a with_o that_o swiftness_n strike_v her_o pounce_n into_o his_o side_n and_o with_o her_o wing_n continual_o beat_v upon_o his_o head_n send_v he_o in_o a_o short_a time_n to_o the_o ground_n yet_o sometime_o it_o happen_v that_o both_o the_o eagle_n and_o the_o sparrow-hawk_n come_v both_o to_o the_o earth_n together_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n the_o sparrow-hawk_n will_v many_o time_n stop_v the_o flight_n of_o hunt_a stag_n and_o render_v the_o chase_n much_o
more_o easy_a to_o the_o pursuer_n but_o if_o this_o be_v so_o observable_a that_o which_o i_o be_o go_v to_o say_v be_v no_o less_o remarkable_a which_o be_v that_o they_o assure_v i_o that_o in_o the_o part_n adjoin_v to_o tauris_n there_o grow_v no_o less_o than_o threescore_o sort_n of_o grape_n not_o far_o from_o the_o city_n in_o the_o neighbour_a part_n be_v to_o be_v see_v great_a quarry_n of_o white_a marble_n of_o which_o there_o be_v a_o sort_n that_o be_v transparent_a the_o people_n of_o the_o country_n affirm_v it_o to_o be_v the_o water_n of_o a_o mineral_n fountain_n congeal_v and_o hardneed_a by_o degree_n and_o indeed_o there_o be_v not_o far_o from_o it_o two_o considerable_a mine_n the_o one_o of_o gold_n and_o the_o other_o of_o salt_n but_o there_o have_v be_v no_o work_n in_o the_o gold_n mine_n for_o this_o long_a time_n because_o they_o always_o find_v that_o the_o profit_n never_o defray_v the_o expense_n of_o the_o labour_n there_o be_v also_o several_a mineral_n water_n of_o which_o the_o most_o frequent_v be_v those_o of_o baringe_v half_o a_o league_n from_o tauris_n and_o those_o of_o seid-kent_n another_o village_n which_o be_v six_o league_n from_o the_o city_n these_o water_n be_v sulphureous_a but_o there_o be_v other_o that_o be_v cold_a other_o boil_v hot_a i_o do_v not_o know_v whether_o there_o be_v any_o city_n in_o the_o world_n concern_v the_o original_a and_o first_o name_n of_o which_o there_o be_v a_o great_a dispute_n among_o modern_a author_n we_o shall_v produce_v the_o opinion_n of_o the_o most_o celebrate_a only_o it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o in_o the_o first_o place_n to_o take_v notice_n that_o the_o persian_n call_v the_o city_n tebris_n and_o that_o when_o we_o call_v it_o tauris_n as_o the_o people_n of_o europe_n general_o do_v it_o be_v only_o in_o compliance_n with_o the_o common_a custom_n and_o to_o the_o end_n i_o may_v be_v the_o better_o understand_v teixera_n olearius_n and_o some_o other_o 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ago_o since_o ptolemy_n write_v we_o must_v believe_v that_o terva_n and_o gabris_n be_v both_o very_a different_a from_o tauris_n niger_n assert_n it_o to_o be_v tigranoama_n other_o author_n take_v it_o to_o be_v tigranocerta_n some_o there_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o it_o be_v the_o susa_n of_o media_n so_o famous_a in_o scripture_n though_o other_o believe_v it_o to_o be_v the_o city_n which_o in_o the_o book_n of_o esdras_n be_v call_v acmatha_n or_o amatha_n some_o place_n it_o in_o assyria_n as_o ptolemy_n and_o his_o interpreter_n other_o in_o armenia_n as_o niger_n cedrenus_n aython_n and_o jovius_n marcus_n paulus_n venetus_n place_n it_o in_o the_o country_n of_o the_o parthian_n calchondylas_n remove_v it_o a_o little_a far_o that_o be_v to_o say_v into_o the_o province_n of_o which_o persepolis_n be_v former_o the_o metropolis_n in_o short_a there_o be_v a_o strange_a confusion_n in_o the_o variety_n of_o opinion_n upon_o this_o subject_a but_o the_o most_o rational_a in_o my_o opinion_n be_v that_o of_o molet_n who_o have_v translate_v and_o comment_v upon_o ptolemy_n of_o ananias_n ortelius_n golnit_v teixera_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr vall_n atlas_n and_o almost_o all_o the_o modern_a geographer_n that_o tauris_n be_v the_o ancient_n and_o celebrate_a ecbatana_n so_o frequent_o mention_v in_o holy_a writ_n and_o in_o the_o ancient_a sory_n of_o asia_n minadoi_fw-la a_o italian_a author_n if_o i_o be_o not_o deceive_v have_v set_v forth_o a_o treatise_n to_o prove_v it_o however_o give_v i_o leave_v to_o add_v this_o that_o there_o be_v no_o remainder_n to_o be_v see_v at_o tauris_n either_o of_o the_o magnificent_a palace_n of_o ecbatana_n where_o the_o monarch_n of_o asia_n keep_v their_o court_n in_o summer_n nor_o of_o that_o of_o daniel_n which_o be_v afterward_o the_o mausoleum_n for_o the_o king_n of_o media_n of_o which_o josephus_n speak_v in_o his_o ten_o book_n and_o which_o he_o assure_v we_o stand_v entire_a in_o his_o time_n if_o then_o these_o stately_a and_o magnificent_a palace_n be_v standing_z not_o above_o sixteen_o age_n ago_o in_o the_o place_n where_o tauris_n now_o stand_v the_o very_a ruin_n themselves_o be_v now_o not_o to_o found_v for_o among_o all_o those_o that_o be_v to_o be_v see_v within_o the_o circuit_n of_o that_o city_n there_o be_v none_o but_o what_o be_v of_o earth_n brick_n or_o flint_n which_o be_v not_o material_n ancient_o make_v use_n of_o in_o media_n for_o the_o build_n of_o sumptuous_a palace_n the_o persian_a historian_n unanimous_o agree_v the_o time_n when_o the_o foundation_n of_o tauris_n be_v lay_v to_o be_v in_o the_o year_n 165._o of_o the_o hegyra_n but_o they_o do_v not_o concur_v in_o other_o particular_n some_o ascribe_v the_o foundation_n of_o it_o to_o the_o wife_n of_o haron-reshid_a califf_n of_o bagdad_n call_v zebd-el-caton_n which_o signify_v the_o flower_n of_o lady_n they_o report_v that_o she_o be_v desperate_o sick_a a_o median_a physician_n cure_v she_o in_o a_o short_a time_n for_o which_o the_o princess_n not_o know_v what_o reward_n to_o give_v he_o bid_v he_o make_v choice_n of_o his_o recompense_n where_o upon_o the_o physician_n desire_v that_o she_o will_v build_v a_o city_n in_o his_o country_n to_o the_o honour_n of_o his_o memory_n which_o after_o she_o have_v perform_v with_o great_a care_n and_o diligence_n he_o call_v the_o city_n tebris_fw-la as_o a_o memorial_n that_o it_o owe_v its_o original_a to_o physic_n for_o that_o teb_n signify_v physic_n and_o ris_z be_v the_o participle_n of_o ricten_n to_o power_n forth_o scatter_v abroad_o or_o give_v a_o largess_n this_o be_v what_o some_o relate_v to_o which_o there_o be_v other_o that_o tell_v a_o story_n not_o much_o unlike_a for_o they_o say_v that_o halacoucan_n general_n to_o haron_n reshid_n have_v be_v two_o year_n sick_a of_o a_o tertian_n ague_n of_o which_o he_o never_o expect_v to_o be_v cure_v be_v strange_o deliver_v from_o his_o distemper_n by_o a_o herb_n which_o he_o find_v in_o the_o same_o place_n where_o tauris_n now_o stand_v and_o that_o to_o perpetuate_v the_o memory_n of_o such_o a_o fortunate_a cure_n he_o build_v this_o city_n and_o call_v it_o tebrift_n the_o ague_n be_v go_v for_o teb_n signify_v also_o a_o ague_n and_o rift_n come_v from_o the_o verb_n reften_o to_o go_v away_o but_o that_o afterward_o either_o by_o corruption_n or_o because_o it_o run_v smooth_a upon_o the_o tongue_n it_o be_v call_v tebris_n instead_o of_o tebrift_n mirzathaer_fw-mi one_o of_o the_o most_o learned_a person_n of_o quality_n that_o be_v in_o persia_n the_o son_n of_o mirza_n ibrahim_n treasurer_n of_o the_o province_n give_v i_o another_o reason_n of_o the_o etymology_n that_o be_v to_o say_v that_o at_o the_o time_n when_o this_o city_n be_v build_v the_o air_n be_v extreme_o wholesome_a and_o preservative_n against_o ague_n which_o extraordinary_a quality_n draw_v a_o world_n of_o people_n to_o it_o and_o that_o therefore_o it_o be_v call_v tebris_fw-la as_o if_o man_n shall_v say_v the_o expeller_n of_o ague_n the_o same_o lord_n also_o further_o assure_v i_o that_o there_o be_v in_o the_o king_n treasury_n at_o ispahan_n certain_a medal_n with_o the_o inscription_n of_o that_o zebd-el-caton_n which_o be_v find_v at_o marant_a a_o city_n near_o to_o tauris_n with_o a_o great_a number_n of_o other_o both_o of_o gold_n and_o silver_n be_v the_o coin_n of_o the_o ancient_a king_n of_o media_n and_o that_o he_o have_v observe_v other_o with_o greek_a figure_n and_o inscription_n wherein_o he_o remember_v the_o word_n dakianous_a and_o then_o he_o ask_v i_o if_o i_o know_v who_o that_o dakianous_a be_v to_o which_o i_o answer_v that_o i_o do_v not_o understand_v the_o name_n but_o that_o it_o may_v be_v very_o probable_o the_o name_n of_o darius_n in_o the_o 69._o year_n after_o the_o
it_o there_o be_v but_o few_o mosque_n at_o casbin_n the_o chief_a of_o which_o by_o they_o call_v metshid-guima_a or_o the_o mosque_n of_o the_o congregation_n be_v found_v by_o haron-reshid_a califf_n of_o bagdat_n in_o the_o year_n of_o the_o hegyra_n 170._o the_o royal_a mosque_n call_v metshid-sha_a be_v one_o of_o the_o large_a and_o fair_a in_o all_o persia_n be_v seat_v at_o the_o end_n of_o a_o spacious_a street_n plant_v with_o fair_a tree_n which_o begin_v from_o one_o of_o the_o gate_n of_o the_o palace_n royal._n this_o mosque_n be_v almost_o all_o build_v at_o the_o expense_n of_o tahma_n and_o in_o his_o life_n time_n his_o father_n ishmael_n have_v lay_v the_o foundation_n but_o die_v before_o they_o come_v to_o be_v even_o with_o the_o street_n there_o be_v also_o several_a handsome_a building_n among_o the_o caravanserai'_v or_o public_a inns._n that_o which_o they_o call_v the_o royal_a inn_n contain_v 250_o channel_n have_v a_o large_a fountain_n plant_v with_o tree_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o court_n and_o two_o gate_n which_o the_o lead_n in_o the_o court_n from_o two_o street_n full_a of_o shop_n where_o the_o most_o costly_a sort_n of_o merchandise_n be_v sell_v but_o chief_a grace_n and_o ornament_n of_o casbin_n consist_v neither_o in_o inn_n nor_o bath_n nor_o in_o bazar_n nor_o in_o market_n tobacco_n coffee_n or_o strong-water_n house_n where_o the_o persian_n debauch_v themselves_o but_o in_o the_o great_a number_n of_o palace_n of_o the_o persian_a grandee_n which_o they_o keep_v in_o their_o possession_n from_o father_n to_o son_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o long_a residence_n of_o the_o court_n at_o casbin_n from_o time_n to_o time_n but_o there_o be_v not_o so_o many_o garden_n in_o casbin_n as_o in_o most_o part_n of_o the_o other_o city_n of_o that_o province_n because_o the_o soil_n be_v sandy_a and_o dry_a for_o want_v of_o water_n there_o be_v only_o a_o little_a river_n which_o be_v no_o more_o than_o a_o arm_n of_o the_o river_n charoud_a not_o sufficient_a to_o to_o supply_v the_o ground_n about_o it_o so_o that_o they_o be_v force_v to_o bring_v their_o water_n from_o the_o mountain_n in_o subterraneal_a channel_n which_o they_o call_v kerise_n that_o empty_a themselves_o into_o vault_n thirty_o foot_n deep_a which_o though_o it_o be_v cool_a be_v nevertheless_o heavy_a and_o insipid_a which_o want_n of_o water_n be_v also_o the_o reason_n that_o the_o air_n of_o casbin_n be_v heavy_a thick_a and_o not_o very_o healthful_a especial_o in_o summer_n by_o reason_n that_o the_o city_n not_o have_v a_o run_a stream_n have_v neither_o any_o sink_v to_o carry_v away_o the_o filth_n of_o the_o town_n yet_o notwithstanding_o this_o same_o scarcity_n of_o water_n the_o city_n abound_v in_o meat_n and_o all_o manner_n of_o provision_n for_o that_o the_o plain_n that_o lie_v round_o about_o it_o be_v so_o well_o water_v that_o they_o feed_v a_o world_n of_o cattle_n and_o produce_v a_o prodigious_a plenty_n of_o corn_n and_o fruit_n among_o the_o rest_n the_o fair_a grape_n in_o persia_n which_o they_o call_v shahoni_n or_o the_o royal_a grape_n be_v of_o a_o gold_n colour_n transparent_a and_o as_o big_a as_o a_o small_a olive_n these_o grape_n be_v dry_v and_o transport_v all_o over_o the_o kingdom_n they_o also_o make_v the_o strong_a wine_n in_o the_o world_n and_o the_o most_o luscious_a but_o very_o thick_a as_o all_o strong_a and_o sweet_a wine_n usual_o be_v this_o incomparable_a grape_n grow_v only_o upon_o the_o young_a branch_n which_o they_o never_o water_v so_o that_o for_o five_o month_n together_o they_o grow_v in_o the_o heat_n of_o summer_n and_o under_o a_o scorch_a sun_n without_o receive_v a_o drop_n of_o water_n either_o from_o the_o sky_n or_o otherwise_o when_o the_o vintage_n be_v over_o they_o let_v in_o their_o cattle_n to_o browse_v in_o the_o vineyard_n afterward_o they_o cut_v off_o all_o the_o great_a wood_n and_o leave_v only_o the_o young_a stock_n about_o three_o foot_n high_a which_o need_v no_o prop_v up_o with_o pole_n as_o in_o other_o place_n and_o therefore_o they_o never_o make_v use_n of_o any_o such_o supporter_n there_o be_v also_o great_a plenty_n of_o pistachio_n in_o those_o part_n where_o the_o air_n be_v very_o hot_a in_o the_o summer_n all_o the_o day_n long_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o high_a mountain_n that_o lie_v to_o the_o north._n but_o on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o night_n be_v so_o cold_a that_o if_o a_o man_n expose_v himself_o never_o so_o little_a to_o the_o air_n after_o he_o be_v undress_v he_o be_v sure_a to_o fall_v sick_a casbin_n lie_v in_o 85._o deg_n and_o 5._o min._n of_o long._n and_o in_o 36._o deg_n and_o 35._o min._n of_o latitude_n the_o most_o part_n of_o our_o european_a chorographer_n who_o have_v discourse_v of_o the_o city_n of_o persia_n affirm_v casbin_n to_o be_v the_o ancient_a arsacia_n and_o that_o before_o it_o be_v call_v europa_n till_o the_o parthian_n give_v it_o that_o name_n from_o arsaces_n the_o first_o of_o their_o emperor_n that_o be_v it_o the_o same_o with_o that_o city_n which_o the_o greek_n call_v ragea_n and_o the_o holy_a scripture_n rage_v of_o media_n some_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o it_o be_v that_o same_o casbira_n of_o which_o strabo_n make_v mention_v but_o the_o persian_a history_n will_v not_o allow_v it_o to_o be_v so_o ancient_a the_o history_n entitle_v elbeijon_n or_o the_o explication_n relate_v that_o this_o be_v found_v by_o shapour_n the_o son_n of_o ardeshir-babecon_a and_o that_o he_o give_v it_o the_o name_n of_o shaepour_n as_o much_o as_o to_o say_v the_o city_n of_o the_o king_n son_n for_o shae_n signify_v a_o king_n and_o pour_v in_o the_o ancient_a persian_a a_o son_n whence_o the_o name_n of_o shapour_a which_o the_o ancient_a greek_n call_v sapores_fw-la the_o history_n entitle_v teduine_a affirm_v that_o the_o city_n which_o be_v call_v shaepour_n be_v not_o casbin_n and_o that_o it_o be_v not_o build_v on_o the_o same_o place_n where_o casbin_n now_o stand_v but_o at_o least_o three_o league_n above_o towards_o the_o west_n at_o the_o concourse_n of_o two_o river_n the_o one_o name_v haroud_a already_o mention_v which_o spring_v from_o the_o mountain_n alouvent_a and_o the_o other_o call_v ebher-roud_n or_o the_o river_n of_o ebher_n i_o have_v hear_v several_a person_n of_o quality_n affirm_v that_o there_o be_v in_o that_o place_n vast_a heap_n of_o ruin_n to_o be_v see_v and_o all_o author_n agree_v that_o the_o two_o town_n call_v sartshé_n not_o far_o from_o thence_o be_v build_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o ardeshir-babecon_a another_o persian_a history_n compose_v by_o a_o author_n call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o ambdalla_n relate_v that_o casbin_n have_v its_o first_o rise_n from_o a_o castle_n which_o the_o king_n last_o mention_v cause_v to_o be_v build_v to_o stop_v the_o inroad_n of_o the_o deilemite_n that_o come_v down_o from_o mount_n alouvent_fw-fr and_o ravage_v all_o the_o territory_n that_o this_o castle_n be_v seat_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o city_n where_o be_v now_o the_o royal_a piazza_n of_o casbin_n and_o that_o it_o be_v ruin_v by_o the_o arabian_n in_o the_o time_n of_o osman_n one_o of_o mahomet_n first_o successor_n and_o indeed_o almost_o all_o their_o history_n make_v mention_n of_o this_o castle_n and_o say_v that_o after_o it_o be_v demolish_v it_o be_v rebuilt_a again_o much_o large_a than_o before_o and_o a_o great_a town_n raise_v round_o about_o it_o mousael-hadibilla_a the_o son_n of_o mahomet-mehdy_a califf_n of_o bagdat_n cause_v it_o to_o be_v surround_v with_o wall_n in_o the_o 170._o year_n of_o the_o hegyra_n and_o about_o a_o thousand_o pace_n from_o it_o build_v a_o little_a city_n which_o he_o call_v by_o his_o own_o name_n medina-moussi_a which_o name_n one_o large_a ward_n or_o quarter_n of_o casbin_n carry_v to_o this_o day_n moubarec-suzbee_a one_o of_o the_o calif_n free_v servant_n who_o have_v the_o government_n of_o the_o province_n and_o to_o who_o the_o work_n be_v recommend_v build_v another_o city_n at_o a_o equal_a distance_n and_o call_v it_o moubarekié_fw-fr for_o the_o preservation_n of_o his_o name_n which_o the_o persian_n some_o time_n after_o call_v moubarec-abad_a moubarec_n signify_v bless_v abada_fw-es habitation_n haron-reshid_a brother_n and_o successor_n to_o mousa-elhadi_a join_v these_o three_o little_a city_n into_o one_o by_o fill_v up_o the_o void_a space_n with_o a_o great_a number_n of_o building_n and_o then_o order_v the_o whole_a to_o be_v encompass_v with_o wall_n and_o fortification_n which_o work_n be_v begin_v in_o the_o 190_o year_n of_o the_o hegyra_n haron_n also_o have_v a_o design_n to_o have_v make_v it_o a_o bulwark_n against_o the_o incursion_n of_o the_o hircanian_n and_o deilamites_n and_o a_o magazine_n for_o the_o war_n
channel_n and_o build_v a_o spacious_a mosque_n in_o the_o eastern_a part_n of_o it_o upon_o the_o same_o foundation_n where_o suyed-eshac_a the_o son_n of_o imam-mousa-cazem_a have_v build_v one_o several_a age_n before_o close_o adjoin_v to_o that_o mosque_n stand_v the_o sumptuous_a tomb_n of_o bercordar-bec_a grand_a master_n of_o the_o ordnance_n of_o persia_n who_o die_v of_o a_o dropsy_n in_o that_o city_n about_o ten_o year_n ago_o just_o over_o against_o sava_n to_o the_o east_n at_o the_o distance_n of_o four_o league_n stand_v a_o place_n of_o pilgrimage_n the_o most_o famous_a for_o the_o devotion_n of_o the_o persian_n they_o call_v it_o ech-movil_a that_o be_v to_o say_v samuel_n for_o they_o believe_v that_o prophet_n be_v there_o inter_v over_o his_o tomb_n there_o be_v build_v a_o most_o sumptuous_a mausoleum_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o a_o magnificent_a mosque_n opposite_a to_o this_o that_o be_v westward_o nine_o mile_n from_o the_o city_n under_o the_o same_o 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its_o original_a from_o the_o first_o age_n of_o mahumetism_n and_o affirm_v that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o mahomet_n there_o be_v in_o that_o place_n seven_o large_a village_n and_o that_o in_o the_o 83_o year_n of_o the_o hegyra_n abdalla_n saydon_n califfe_n come_v into_o that_o country_n with_o a_o army_n join_v those_o seven_o village_n together_o with_o new_a building_n enclose_v they_o with_o a_o wall_n and_o make_v they_o one_o city_n and_o that_o afterward_o this_o city_n increase_v to_o that_o degree_n that_o it_o become_v twice_o as_o large_a as_o constantinople_n for_o mousa_n the_o son_n of_o that_o abdalla_n come_v from_o basra_n to_o come_v and_o bring_v with_o he_o the_o opinion_n of_o haly_n which_o they_o call_v the_o religion_n of_o shia_n or_o imamism_n which_o be_v always_o profess_v in_o that_o place_n even_o to_o martyrdom_n nor_o will_v the_o people_n suffer_v any_o other_o and_o therefore_o temurleng_a be_v of_o a_o contrary_a belief_n utter_o destroy_v the_o 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accident_n of_o the_o same_o nature_n have_v like_a to_o have_v ruin_v it_o all_o together_o for_o two_o thousand_o house_n and_o all_o the_o ancient_a house_n be_v lay_v level_a with_o the_o earth_n the_o name_n be_v pronounce_v with_o a_o double_a m_o as_o if_o we_o shall_v write_v the_o word_n komm_n it_o be_v also_o call_v darel_n mouveheldin_fw-mi that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o habitation_n of_o pious_a people_n the_o governor_n bear_v the_o title_n of_o darogué_n or_o mayor_n kachan_n kachan_n the_o 17._o we_o travel_v five_o league_n across_o the_o plain_a we_o find_v it_o all_o the_o way_n cover_v with_o a_o move_a sand_n dry_a without_o either_o village_n or_o water_n we_o lodge_v in_o a_o place_n call_v abshirin_fw-mi or_o sweet_a water_n because_o there_o be_v in_o that_o place_n a_o fountain_n of_o fair_a water_n and_o cistern_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o six_o carevanserais_n the_o 18._o our_o journey_n reach_v to_o cashan_n where_o we_o arrive_v after_o we_o have_v travel_v 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the_o left_a hand_n after_o we_o get_v half_a the_o way_n we_o leave_v a_o great_a town_n call_v sederec_n which_o be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o capital_a of_o the_o province_n of_o armenia_n call_v charour_n the_o sultan_n of_o which_o province_n reside_v in_o that_o town_n that_o night_n we_o have_v but_o a_o very_a bad_a lodging_n in_o a_o old_a ruine_a inn_n near_o to_o a_o village_n call_v nouratchin_n the_o 11._o we_o travel_v four_o league_n upon_o the_o same_o road_n and_o through_o a_o very_a fair_a country_n but_o not_o so_o level_a nor_o smooth_a as_o be_v stony_a and_o full_a of_o little_a hill_n we_o also_o ferry_v over_o a_o river_n call_v harpasony_n that_o water_n all_o the_o neighbour_a land_n it_o separate_v the_o government_n of_o that_o part_n of_o armenia_n of_o which_o erivan_n be_v the_o capital_a from_o that_o
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this_o country_n there_o be_v in_o it_o five_o city_n which_o have_v be_v build_v by_o behron-tchoubin_a king_n of_o persia_n without_o the_o city_n be_v to_o be_v see_v the_o ruin_n of_o a_o great_a castle_n and_o several_a fort_n which_o abas_n cause_v to_o be_v destroy_v towards_o the_o end_n of_o the_o last_o age_n not_o find_v himself_o strong_a enough_o to_o keep_v they_o all_o which_o he_o cause_v to_o be_v ruin_v after_o he_o have_v take_v nacchiavan_n from_o the_o turk_n and_o after_o he_o have_v ruin_v and_o dispeople_v the_o city_n which_o he_o do_v to_o prevent_v the_o turk_n from_o fortify_v themselves_o in_o that_o place_n and_o furnish_v themselves_o with_o provision_n most_o certain_o the_o city_n be_v a_o object_n of_o pity_n consider_v in_o what_o a_o condition_n it_o now_o lie_v the_o history_n of_o persia_n will_v have_v we_o believe_v that_o it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o great_a and_o fair_a city_n of_o all_o armenia_n as_o have_v be_v already_o say_v but_o that_o history_n now_o keep_v in_o the_o monastery_n of_o the_o three_o church_n and_o which_o be_v chief_o speak_v of_o doclare_v that_o this_o city_n be_v the_o ancient_a ardashhad_fw-mi call_v artaxate_v or_o artaxasate_n by_o the_o greek_a historian_n other_o armenian_a author_n make_v nacchivan_n to_o be_v much_o more_o ancient_a and_o assert_v that_o noah_n begin_v to_o build_v it_o and_o make_v it_o he_o abide_v after_o the_o deluge_n and_o they_o make_v the_o etymology_n of_o the_o name_n to_o agree_v with_o the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o original_a affirm_v that_o in_o the_o old_a armenian_a language_n nacchivan_n signify_v the_o first_o habitation_n ptolemy_n make_v mention_n of_o a_o city_n in_o these_o part_n which_o he_o call_v naxuane_a which_o may_v have_v be_v the_o same_o with_o nacchivan_n i_o believe_v that_o artaxate_v or_o artaxasate_n be_v seat_v very_o near_o it_o for_o tacitus_n observe_v that_o araxes_n run_v very_o near_o that_o city_n and_o we_o find_v it_o not_o to_o be_v above_o seven_o league_n from_o nacchivan_n the_o height_n of_o the_o pole_n over_o its_o horizon_n be_v mark_v upon_o the_o persian_a astrolobe_n to_o be_v 38._o deg_n 40._o min._n and_o the_o longitude_n 81._o deg_n 34._o min._n it_o be_v govern_v by_o a_o can_n and_o be_v the_o capital_a of_o one_o part_n of_o armenia_n five_o league_n from_o nacchivan_n to_o the_o north_n lie_v a_o great_a village_n call_v abrener_n which_o signify_v the_o fertile_a field_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o that_o village_n and_o of_o seven_o other_o near_o it_o be_v all_o roman_a catholic_n their_o bishop_n and_o curate_n be_v dominican_n and_o they_o perform_v their_o church_n and_o service_n in_o the_o armenian_a language_n he_o be_v a_o italian_a dominican_n of_o bologna_n that_o bring_v all_o this_o country_n under_o subjection_n to_o the_o pope_n about_o 350._o year_n ago_o and_o about_o twenty_o village_n more_o that_o lay_v round_o acknowledge_v the_o same_o ecclesiastical_a jurisdiction_n but_o at_o length_n they_o return_v to_o their_o obedience_n under_o the_o armenian_a patriarch_n and_o to_o their_o first_o religion_n and_o as_o for_o those_o that_o persist_v in_o the_o romish_a ceremony_n their_o number_n daily_o decrease_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o persecution_n of_o the_o patriarch_n and_o the_o governor_n of_o nacchivan_n those_o poor_a people_n have_v draw_v upon_o their_o own_o head_n the_o indignation_n and_o violent_a usage_n of_o those_o governor_n for_o have_v endeavour_v to_o withdraw_v themselves_o from_o their_o jurisdiction_n &_o dependence_n to_o which_o purpose_n there_o arrive_v in_o persia_n in_o the_o year_n 1664._o a_o italian_a dominican_n in_o the_o quality_n of_o a_o ambassador_n from_o the_o pope_n from_o who_o and_o from_o several_a other_o potentate_n of_o europe_n he_o bring_v letter_n to_o the_o king_n he_o make_v great_a present_n to_o his_o majesty_n and_o obtain_v effectual_o that_o those_o roman_a catholic_n village_n shall_v every_o year_n send_v their_o tribute_n to_o the_o royal_a treasure_n and_o whatever_o they_o be_v oblige_v to_o pay_v yearly_a according_a to_o the_o rate_n set_v down_o in_o write_v in_o the_o register_n of_o the_o superintendant_n and_o receiver-general_n of_o media_n which_o be_v do_v that_o order_n shall_v be_v send_v to_o the_o superintendent_a and_o governor_n of_o nacchivan_n and_o all_o other_o the_o king_n officer_n to_o acknowledge_v the_o roman_a catholic_n to_o be_v absolute_o independent_a from_o their_o jurisdiction_n and_o that_o they_o shall_v not_o presume_v to_o make_v any_o levy_n within_o their_o territory_n which_o regulation_n that_o do_v very_o little_a good_a to_o those_o village_n be_v the_o occasion_n of_o many_o mischief_n that_o afterward_o befall_v they_o and_o will_v one_o day_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o their_o ruin_n for_o the_o governor_n of_o nacchivan_n provoke_v at_o these_o proceed_n and_o the_o complaint_n that_o be_v make_v of_o they_o to_o abas_n have_v lay_v a_o thousand_o heavy_a imposition_n upon_o those_o poor_a people_n since_o the_o death_n of_o that_o good_a king_n and_o have_v make_v they_o pay_v three_o or_o four_o time_n the_o money_n which_o they_o send_v to_o the_o treasure_n royal_a for_o which_o the_o oppress_a people_n can_v have_v no_o remedy_n whether_o through_o the_o remissness_n of_o the_o government_n or_o for_o that_o their_o own_o party_n be_v low_a and_o out_o of_o credit_n the_o treasurer_n of_o media_n have_v do_v worse_o for_o he_o have_v send_v to_o court_v false_a extract_n of_o the_o register_n of_o that_o province_n by_o which_o it_o appear_v that_o those_o village_n be_v to_o pay_v fourteen_o hundred_o pound_n yearly_a which_o be_v just_a as_o much_o again_o as_o what_o they_o pretend_v to_o have_v always_o pay_v every_o time_n they_o carry_v their_o imposition_n of_o seven_o hundred_o pound_n into_o the_o treasury_n the_o officer_n give_v they_o a_o receipt_n wherein_o they_o put_v that_o it_o be_v upon_o account_n of_o what_o they_o ought_v to_o pay_v by_o which_o they_o keep_v a_o door_n open_a for_o arbitrary_a imposition_n and_o brangling_n to_o ruin_v they_o when_o they_o please_v themselves_o the_o governor_n of_o nacchivan_n be_v not_o in_o town_n when_o i_o arrive_v there_o but_o this_o son_n that_o be_v deputy_n have_v soon_o notice_n of_o my_o arrival_n so_o that_o he_o invite_v i_o to_o dinner_n and_o desire_v i_o to_o show_v he_o some_o watch_n and_o some_o jewel_n but_o i_o be_v no_o way_n satisfy_v with_o his_o manner_n of_o deal_n with_o i_o for_o after_o he_o have_v be_v civil_a to_o i_o and_o have_v give_v i_o a_o dinner_n he_o leave_v i_o with_o his_o officer_n who_o force_v i_o in_o a_o manner_n to_o let_v he_o have_v that_o for_o forty_o pound_n for_o which_o i_o refuse_v fifty_o at_o erivan_n and_o without_o question_n they_o have_v use_v i_o more_o uncivil_o but_o for_o the_o king_n patent_n and_o pass_v port_n which_o i_o have_v about_o i_o and_o indeed_o those_o thorow-fair_n be_v a_o sort_n of_o place_n for_o the_o skinning_n of_o stranger_n who_o be_v repute_v to_o be_v rich_a they_o must_v always_o there_o pay_v passage-money_n the_o 13._o we_o depart_v from_o nacchivan_n and_o travel_v seven_o league_n at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o first_o league_n pass_v a_o river_n over_o a_o very_a broad_a bridge_n to_o which_o the_o people_n of_o the_o country_n give_v no_o other_o name_n than_o that_o of_o the_o river_n of_o nacchivan_n the_o country_n which_o we_o pass_v be_v dry_a and_o stony_a where_o be_v nothing_o to_o be_v see_v but_o little_a hill_n of_o stone_n we_o lay_v upon_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n araxes_n which_o the_o oriental_n call_v aras_n and_o ares_n we_o pass_v it_o at_o esqui-julfa_a or_o julfa_v the_o old_a a_o ruine_a city_n which_o some_o author_n believe_v to_o be_v that_o city_n which_o the_o ancient_n call_v ariammene_n they_o call_v