Linguistic DNA - Concept Modelling Demonstrator

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
water_n	cause_v	dry_a	great_a	300	4	2.1418	3	false

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A58318	The judgment of urines. By Robert Record Doctor of Physick Whereunto is added an ingenious treatise concerning physicians, apothecaries, and chirurgeons, set forth by an eminent physitian in Queen Elizabeths dayes. With a translation of Papius Ahalsossa concerning apothecaries confecting their medicines; worthy perusing, and imitating.	Record, Robert, 1510?-1558.; Pape, Joseph, 1558-1622. aut	1679 (1679)	Wing R650A; ESTC R220684	54,269	145

thus into water then doth it drop down and gathereth together and so runneth out as it can finde or prepare way As long therefore as there is hollownes in that place with such sort of coldnesse and none other let the Spring of water shalâ— never cease But if the way by any mean be stopped then the water turmoileth and laboureth either to expell that let or to make a new way The causes of diversity in tast of Water Now this water being thus ingendred of the air which hath no taste is also naturally without all taste but the tast that it hath is the taste of the vaines of earth or mettall by which it doth run And that is the cause that some waters are sweet and some soure some fresh and some salt and otherwise diversly tasted some also are hot and some cold and with other like qualities endued according to the ground whereby it passeth But of this I will not now speak because I have appointed for it a peculiar Treatise if God grant me time Only this I say now that a man that is expert can by the colour tast and other qualities of the water which he seeth tell what vains of earth or mettals is in that place whence that water cometh though he see it not And this water is expelled out of his first place as unprofitable there to remain and yet when it is come forth thence it is good for divers and sundry uses The generation of urine Thus may we thinke of the generation and use of urine or mans water Three Concoctions It shall not need that I here reckon exactly the places causes and the order of the three concoctions which go before the generation of urine but it shall suffice to teâ— briefly that of the meat and drink togetheâ— concocted in the stomack is made rudâ— blood if I may so call it which rude blooâ— is wrought again and made more perfectâ— in the liver and thirdly yet more purified in the hollow vein where the urine iâ— separate from it as whey from milk but yeâ— may not exactly be called urine till it comâ— into the reins or kidnies which draw it ouâ— of the hollow vein by a certain natural power resting in them And then doth the reins or kidnies alter it perfectly into urine us the coldnes of the ground turneth air into water But you must take this comparison oâ— similitude to be spoken of the alteration it self and not of the cause Now when Urine is thus made like to that fashion of water as I said then as the water passeth forth from his first place by issues outward so doth the urine descend from the reins by certain veins as it were called Water pipes and runneth into the bladder from whence at due times it is expelled forth if the way be not let So that you may compare the reins to the head of a conduit the water pipes to the conduit pipes the bladder to the conduit and the shaft to the rock of the conduit And further as the water doth declare by â—aste and colour the qualities of the earth or â—eins of mettall whereby it runneth and â—rom whence it commeth so the urine by â—olour and other wayes declareth of what â—ort the places that it cometh thorow and humors that it commeth from are affected And yet not only serveth for this but also â—s the water though it depart from the earth as superfluous in that place yet in other places and to other purposes it is greatly profitable So the urine though it be expelled as a superfluous excrement yet beside the commodity of judgement which it giveth of the parts that it cometh from it doth also serve for divers uses in medicine and other good commodities Of both which I will anon orderly write after I have declared certain things appertaining to the due judgement of it Of the Instrument and parts by which Vrine is engendred and passeth mark this Figure following A. Is the liver B. The hollow vein C. Veins by which the reins do draw the urine and therefore be called sucking veins D. The reins E. The water Pipes F. Is the Bladder G. The spout of the yard All the other parts beside appertain to Generation and seed CHAP. III. What Vrine is and what tokens it giveth in generall YOu have heard now how urine is ingendred from whence it cometh and â—y what places it passeth which things all â—o the intent that you may the better keep â—n minde you shall note this short definitiâ—n The definition of urine Urine is the superfluity or wheyie substance â—f the bloud into a hollow vein conveyed by â—he reins and water pipes into the bladder â—o that hereby you may plainly perceive â—hat if the bloud be pure and clean and none ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ grief in the reins Water-pipes Bladâ—er nor Shaft then shall the urine so declare â—t being also perfect and pure in substance â—nd colour and all other tokens according â—o the same But if there bee any grief in â—ny of those parts or the blood corrupt by â—ny means then shall the urine declare cerâ—ain tokens of the same as I shall anon partiâ—ularly expresse But first it shall be necessary to instruct â—ou of the vessel place and time meet to â—udge urine and of the manner of receiving CHAP. IIII. Of the form of the Vrinall and of the pâ— and time meet to judge urine and how it should be received THat urine should be kept to see whâ— is first made after midnight common or namely when the patient hath slept loâ— but you must take heed whether the patiâ— be man or woman The order to receive urine that they make not thâ— urine in another vessel first as many use do and then pour it into the urinall whâ— it is setled for that causeth much deâ— and error in the judgement of it And that the Patient cannot well make it in ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ urinall either by weaknesse or any otâ— cause then let them make it in another vâ—sel but see that it be clean and dry and soon as the water is made pour it forth pâ—sently into the Urinall altogether and leaâ—â— no part of it out as some curious folkâ— use to put the clear part only into the urinâ— and cast away the dregs as though it stoâ— not with their modesty to bring such foâ— gear to the Physitian others of such like foâ—lish mind Pour it therefore in wholly anâ— let not the urinall stand open namely industy place but stop it close with a glove ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ other leather and not with cloth paper nor â—ay and let it be brought to the Physitian within six hours at the furthest for after that â—ime it cannot well be judged The Urinal Now as touching the Urinall it should be of pure cleer glasse not thick nor green in colour without blots or spots in it not â—at in the bottome nor too wide in the neck out widest in the midle and narrow still

the spring time And those countries that be hot and dry make urine like unto summer And contrariwise cold and moist alter water as doth winter But countries that are drie and distempered between heat and cold make urine like harvest Meats drinks and medicines Also meats and drinks and order of diet causeth urine to alter and medicines also as not only experience reacheth but also Hippocrates witnesseth in the sixt Book of his Epidemies or raining sicknesses in the fift part and the fifteenth sentence as for example Meats of light concoction Those meats that are light of concoction and good in substance cause good and temperate urine with pure contents but contrary meats cause discoloured urine and thin with strange contents Meats of hard concoction Meats that will not concoct make lesser contents and divers in substance Evill meats cause greater contents and in nothing duely formed And as the quality of meats doth alter urine so doth the quantity also For if a man have eaten much and not concocted it his urine shall be thin and white and sometime without ground But if this crudity or rawness in stomack continâ— long the urine will become divers in suâ—stance Drinking of wine and in contents Also wine drunk abundantly causeth â—teration in urine Fasting long But now contrariwise if a man doe sâ— long his urine will appear fiery and saffrâ— coloured and thin with lesser ground Suffering of famine But if a man suffer famine and do nâ— nourish his water shall be thin and whiâ— with a certain glistering and withoâ— ground Labour Moreover exercise and rest changeth â—rine for through excessive labour the uriâ— changeth from light saffron and at lengâ— becommeth saffron coloured with litâ— ground thin and higher coloured then should be And some time there fleete on the top a certain fastness specially aftâ— overmuch wearinesse Rest But idleness and rest doth contrariwiâ— cause white urine with greater and grosâ— ground Sleep Watching Furthermore sleep and watching if thâ— exceed measure they alter urine but theâ— is a difference between both sleepe aâ— watching comming of sickness and theâ— both when they be taken willingly in healâ— For if that sickness cause overmuch sleeâ— â—hen is the urine whitish with substance eiâ—her fully thick or but partly thin and the contents many and undigest Naturall sleep But if that such sleep come naturally the urine is not so white but rather flaxen and the substance mean with greater and well concoct contents Voluntary sleep And likewise they that have watched purposedly and not by reason of sickness their urine is but little changed Watch in sickness But if they watch for any sickly cause their urine will change but little at the beginning but with continuance the contents will be dispersed and at the last clean wasted and the substance of the urine waxeth thinner and thinner by little and little and the colour inclineth either to white and watery or unto golden saffron oylie or black according as the cause is that maketh it so to change Of alteration by complexion I will write in the next Chapter Now have you heard as touching alteration of urine in health according to diversity of ages both in men and women times of the yeer countries meats and drinks labour rest sleep and watch so that you must have regard to these in all judgements both in health and in sicknesse For if these be not diligently marked they may cause great error as you may well coâ—der What is to be considered in urine First therefore in every urine you ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ consider whether it be a mans or a womâ— and what age he or shee is of then wâ— time of the yeer it is and what count what meats and drinks the person usâ— and likewise of labour and rest sleep ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ watch And then must you consider ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ every one of these doth alter urine so ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ if the altering of them from that health urine whereof I spake in the beginning this Chapter be but such as one of thâ— foresaid things would cause then may it be judged to come of any disease as for â—â—ample High coloured water in sumâ— so that it pass not saffron colour or wâ— coloured water in winter should rather reckoned to come of the time of the yâ— then of any sickness and likewise of oâ— things CHAP. VII What be the generall qualities that alteâ— the parts of Vrine BEfore I treat of the signification of ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ parts of Urine I think it good to instrâ— you of the generall qualities which cause all alterations in urine whereby you shall perceive not only what every urine doth betoken as I shall anon set forth but also if you mark well this Chapter you shall see â—he cause why every urine doth so signifie You shall understand therefore that there be four chief and only qualities whereof all things that are both in the Sea and Earth are made as man and beast fish and fowl trees herbs stones and mettals These four qualities are heat cold moistness and driness and these four continuing duly tempered as nature ordered them first in every perfect body be the cause of continuall health But if they bee altered wrongly then doe they cause diseases diversly according to the diversitie of the alterations And as they doe cause diseases so they change the colour substance and other parts of the urine whereby wee may conjecture the cause of the disease and so consequently the disease it self though sometime it declareth the disease it self and not the cause thereof Passive and active qualities But now to come to the matter meetest for this time you shall mark that two of these four qualities are named Passive and they cause but small alteration in comparison The other two are called Active anâ— they cause great alteration The Active qualities are heat and colâ— and the Passive qualities are driness anâ— moistness Moistness When Moistness therefore exceedeth alone it dulleth the naturall colour of urinâ— thicketh and ingrosseth the substance anâ— increaseth the quantitie And as the oveâ— part of it above waxeth rough and troubleâ— so the ground increaseth and continueâ— raw and unconcoct Dryness But dryness doth diminish the quantitâ— of urine and also the contents It maketâ— it thin in substance cleer and bright anâ— causeth mean colour and the ground appeareth grosser Heat Likewise heat if it exceed measure buâ— little it maketh pale and light saffron colour in the urine But if heat exceed greatly it causeth golden and saffron colourâ— with mean substance and a little brightness the ground is mean in respect to the quantity of urine but it declineth from the duâ— whiteness toward saffron colour Cold. But cold on the other side maketh urinâ— turn to white colour and changeth the substance from a mean And if the cold increase the urine will alter from mean substance and therefore consequently will bee either thin or grosse

is yeâ— more better then thin and flaxen for the colour is more exact and this betokeneth concoction half compleat for that which it lacketh in substance it hath in colour Thin and saffron After this is there thin and saffron coloured which betokeneth first lack of concoction and beside that default of nourishment as in a young man that fasteth long And sometime it betokeneth that excess of herâ— in the inner parts of the body doth causâ— cholerick humours to abound as in the feveâ— tertian Beside all this it betokeneth thought carefulness and watching and also overmuch labour and taking of heat in the Sun And thus have you heard the significations of thin urine both alone and also with such colours as it can be coupled Now shall you hear what thick urine doth betoken both alone and also with such divers colours as it may be coupled Thick Thick urine which is so I mean when it is first made either it doth continue still thick or else it doth settle and waxe clear If it continue still thick it betokeneth that that disturbance which was in the bloud that is to say the rage of sicknesse doth still continue strongly and that naturall strength is but weak This urine is not so good as that which doth settle and waxe cleer For that doth betoken that the disease shal shortly be overcome howbeit there remaineth yet somewhat of that distemperate trouble in the blood yet nature hath the over-hand and expelleth the matter of the grief and therefore is such a urine called good but yet it betokeneth some lack of concoction though not so much as that which continueth troubled and thick still Also thick urine if it be exceeding thick doth betoken death as Hypocrates saith And the urine that is thick and troubled likâ— beasts urine doth betoken head ach eitheâ— present already or shortly after to comâ— If thick urine appeare in an ague wheâ— thin urine went before it betokeneth thaâ— the sickness will abate straightwaies for â— declareth that nature hath overcome the matter of the sickness but if it appear thick â— the beginning of the ague and do not waâ— thin in process of time it betokeneth plentâ— of matter and weakness of nature so thâ— there is fear lest nature should be overcomâ— except the colour do amend Thick and white Thick urine also betokeneth openneâ— of the water pipes and reins And if it bâ— thick and white it betokeneth great plenâ— of raw humours and sundry kinds of flegâ— to be gathered in the bodie and betokeneâ— also namely if it be much that those gathâ—rings which might be looked for in soâ— agues shall not ensue for the matter whicâ— should cause them departeth out by urine but the whiteness of this urine is bright snow For if it be somewhat darker liâ— the whiteness of milk it is a token of thâ— stone either in the bladder or reins namely if such urine chance in the end and amendinâ— of sickness Grey But if the colour of it be grey it betokeneâ— not only plenty of matter in the body but also that the whole body is possessed with a dangerous sickness whereof oftentimes it chanceth the patient to break out with blisters and heat in his skin Thick and claret Next after this followeth thick claret colour for flaxen yellow nor saffron colour doth not agree with thick urine and it doth signifie that the disease shall continue long specially if the ground of it be also of claret colour But yet this disease without perill of death Thick and red Thick urine if it be red coloured doth betoken abundance of blood as is seen in continuall Agues and in all perillous Agues as witnesseth Theophylus If this water come by little and little it is an evill token for it doth alwaies declare danger And if that sort of urine in such Agues do waxe troubled so that there come with it deafness of hearing and ach of the head with pain in the neck and in the sides of the belly it betokeneth that the Patient shall have the falling evill within a seven night Thick and crimson And if a thick urine have a crimson colour If it bee burning Agues and the Patient then have the headach it betokeneth that a chief criticall sign either is then present or else nigh at hand Thick and blew But if the urine be thick and blew colored it signifieth diversly as the persons aâ— that made it For in them that are in waâ— of recovery it betokeneth that they shaâ— escape their grief It signifieth also paâ— in the water-pipes or else that the parâ— hath runn much And if it appear such in old men and thâ— continue long it declareth not only that thâ— bladder is infected with evill humours bâ— commonly also that he shall be rid of them But if it come after the grief of the stone â— declareth that the grief shall be turned intâ— the strangurie Thick and green Thick urine and green namely in Agueâ— is a token of the yellow Jawnders eitheâ— present or ready to come Thick and ash coloured Thick urine and ash coloured if it appeaâ— in Agues and do not settle it is a sign of madnesse But in the burning Ague it betokeneth that the strangurie will come shortly Thick and black But if a black colour appear in thick urine it betokeneth sometime well as in the end of the Fever Quarten and of melancholike madness for it betokeneth that the melancholike matter which caused the diseases doth avoid out But sometimes it is an evill token for it signifieth that either the blood is burned through exceeding heat or else that natuâ—ll heat is clean quenched through deadly â—ld and therefore is commonly called a â—adly sign namely in sharp Agues if it â—ve an evill savour And so meaneth Galen â—hen he saith that he marked The thicker â—at a black water is the worse it is and â—oreover That he never saw any escape â—hich made such Vrine And thus have you heard of the significaâ—ons of thin and thick urine with such coâ—ours as may be coupled therewith Now will I write a little of the colours aâ—one and of such tokens as come chiefly of â—hem rather then of the substance or any other part of the urine Colours of urine The colours of urine declare commonly how heat and cold do reign in the body so that the whiter the urine is the greater is the cold and natural heat lesse and the higher coloured that the urine is the greater is the heat White But to speak particularly that you may perceive it the better If the urine be white it is a sign that concoction faileth quite and the lighter coloured the worse Pale Pale colour is better somewhat though it also declare lack of naturall heat and strength Flaxen And flaxen colour though it betokeneth beginning of concoction yet it is not peâ—fect howbeit it may be well taken if

3. more that is to say the sixt seventh and eighâ— And then the ninth is a void room between the middle region and the highest whicâ— highest region containeth the other twâ— parts that remain that is the tenth anâ— the eleventh as this Figure sheweth whicâ— hereafter followeth Bubbles Highest of all things in the urine are the bubbles which either go about with the ring only or else fleet in the middle of the urine onely or else both Yea sometime they cover all the whole top of the urine Fattiness Beside these there is oftentimes as it were flotes or fattiness on the top and sometime certain spots only which are like to drops of oil And these commonly are the whole contents For as for gravell or stone or any like thing is contained under the name of dis-form contents You shall also understand that in the contents must the substance the quantity and colour bee observed Substance The Substance is either equall or unequall Equall Equal Substance is called when the ground swim or cloud for to them appertaineth this consideration is not tattered and dispersed but justly knit together Unequall Unequall is contrary when it is thinner in one part then in another or flittered out and not joyntly and uniformly joyned together Quantitie The quantity must be considered in respect to a mean which if you know well then may you soon judge that to bee overmuch that is more then it and that to be too little that is lesse then it But this mean quantity must you learn of a perfect whole water and best by the teaching of some good Physitian Of colours I have spoken before sufficiently for their varietie CHAP. VI. What a perfect Vrine is and also how many wayes all parts of the Vrine may be altered in a healthful man NOw that you know the difference oâ— such things that ought to be considered in urine before you shal learn by consideration of them to judge of the person that made it how he is disposed in his body you must first know how many waies the parts of the urine may bee changed in a healthfull man For the better understanding of which thing and of all that shall be said hereafter I will first define what a perfect whole urine is which as it betokeneth no grief in it self so it is a true rule to examine all other urines by that which are not whole but declare in them some grief A perfect whole urine Galen c. 12. Crisib A perfect whole urine is mean in substance and in quantity and in colour pale or party saffron with a white ground duely knit and stable without bubbles and other evill contents So that this perfect whole urine declareth the difference of all other urines For every urine the more it agreeth with this the better it is and the more it differeth from this the worse it is as I shall anon particularly declare And here you must mark that this perfect whole urine is not only taken of a perfect whole man but also of the lustiest time of mans age that is at thirty yeers or more largely between twenty five and thirty five For in every age doth the urine alter as you shal hear by and by The difference of Vrine by age in men Children THe Urine of children differeth but little in colour from pale or light saffron and in substance it somewhat exceedeth iâ— thicknesse the substance of yong mens urine and hath much ground in it Galen 2. presag Hippoc 13. And the more they do grow in age the higher waxeth thâ— colour Young men the substance the thinner and the lesâ— is the ground And therefore when age iâ— most freshest Men. the colour is pale so that thâ— urine of flourishing youth or perfect manhood is pale or light saffron and theâ—â— resteth and goeth no higher and the grounâ— of it is mean But now after that time thâ— more age increaseth and youth decayeth thâ— more the colour changeth from pale toward white Age. and the ground waxeth lesser anâ— darker so that the urine of old men is thiâ— and white with little ground inclining unto cruditie Of the Vrine of Women by age Women THe Urine of women which are tempâ—rate in health and in their flourishinâ— youth doth decline somewhat from paâ— and light saffron toward white and the substance is in manner thin Young women but it hath more ground then mens urine now all they that be under this flourishing age the younger they be the whiter coloured is their urine and the more ground it hath and if they be elder the more aged they are Aged women the whiter also is their urine but the ground is everless and lesse And this you may see how both diversity of age and diversitie also of kind or sexe causeth alteration in urine without change of health for you must understand all these ages with perfect health The diversity of Vrines according to the times of the yeer EVen as the diversity of ages alters urine so doth the times of the yeer Spring For the more that the spring time draws toward heat the more the urine gathereth high colour departing from pale and flaxen toward pale and light saffron and the inequality of substance changeth into a due equality according to nature and the ground doth waxe thinner and the quantity is more in respect to that is drunk so that about the midst of the spring they return to a mean Summer In the beginning of Summer the colour appeareth pale and light saffron and the substance mean the ground white duly knâ— and stable but yet thinner then a meaâ— ground And the more that the Summâ— proceedeth and draweth to the highest thâ— lesser is the quantity of urine in comparisoâ— to the drink and the ground changeth froâ— his naturall whiteness to a palish colour anâ— is much lesser and thinner And this thinnesse glystereth withall and inclineth toward golden and saffron colour Harvest When Harvest commeth then the colours do return to a mean again but thâ— thinness and brightness remaineth still thâ— ground also is still obscure and little but yâ— it is white duely knit and stable And aâ— Harvest goeth forward so the urine retuâ—neth to a mean in all things In the middle of winter and thereabouâ— the urine keepeth due quantitie but the colour inclineth toward white and the grounâ— is over great but in all other points it mean Winter And as Winter goeth on the substance urine appeareth divers and the colour whitâ— the quantity greater in respect to the drinâ— and the contents greater and unconcoct but toward the spring time they return towards a mean as I have before said Yet beside these also diversity of countries causeth diversity of urine Countries alter urine even by the â—ame reasons as doth the times of the yeer For countries that be temperate exactly make urine like unto

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