Or Secondly These Fermentations are to be considered in the further progress and closer interweavings of the principles whereby they become to be more quick and high the Sulphur gradually softening and sweetning their connate acids and thence the bodies wherein those Fermentations happen becomes more pregnant with Spirits being now more plentifully ingendred and more easily set at liberty by the power of Fermentation then before And this is evident in all things brought on to maturity and becomes sensibly apparent chiefly in all odorous Plants and Fruits Or Lastly They are to be considered in the more sensible brisk conflicts of the principles even after the bodies they work in are brought to maturity one dulcifying the other by the concurring causes of solar heat c. the principles I say being yet kept on in motion in all fermentable juices and grains do produce the greatest plenty of Spirits which being set at liberty are all those we call vinous Spirits in animals those we call animal Spirits the genuine product of vital and animal Fermentations and in minerals their Spirits in some places after heating transient waters for hot Baths appear in volatiz'd Sulphurs otherwhere in subtile acids as the causes of some aciduloe and elsewhere in apporrhea steams c. as elsewhere we have shewed Thus in all fruits brought on to maturity and all grains ripened for the harvest the principles in their mutual Collisions are so pregnant as that by being put nearer together which happens by their being juiced or malted they are thereby set a work into a sensible Fermentation as appears in all fermentable juices and malted grains the immediate result of both which are vinous Spirits Thus in all natural animal Fermentations of their juices requisite for circulation of the blood nourishment of the body and for the performing other functions peculiar thereto the animal principles are so pregnant as in their continual wrestlings and inward collisions incessantly to produce such a stock of Spirits a being rightly disposed and carryed in their proper Conduits the Nerves are sufficient to thâ— absolving the functions of sense and motion And the like in their kind may be said of minerals concerning which viz. the origin of animal Spirits from the foresaid Fermentation we may elsewhere largely discourse We shall only say at present that as the natural Fermentations in animal bodies are produced from the intestine collisions and inward struglings betwixt the native acid of the Stomack fortified perhaps by some connatural acidum in the aliment and the acquired Sulphur of nutritive concretes separating Hetrogenities and graduating themselves by successive depurations till they in their proper juices perform those circulations requisite to the peculiar funcitons of the body So likewise from the Catastrophe of the natural and superinduction of other not congenial acids may be made such mortifications precipitations and depravations of the genuine ferments and such new complications betwixt the recent acid and the Sulphur in the otherwise natural fermenting juices as to lay a foundation of new spurious Fermentations the causes of Feavers of all sorts Not to say here how most yea for ought I know all sorts of Feavers are nothing else but spurious Fermentations of the blood and other juices of the body distinguishable or if I may say specificated by variety of acids not congeneal but wholly disagreeable gradually heightening the natural and otherwise slow pac'd genuine Fermentations whose various degrees of Feavers are most what differenced or specificated from the low or high slower or quicker degrees of spurious Fermentation or to speak in a more plain dialect how Feavers are various sorts or different degrees of inflamations of the blood and other juices For an inflamation according to our Hypothesis is nothing else but a heightening of Fermentation from a more strong collision of the principles whereby from their mutual wrestlings they arrive to the height of causticks which as we shew elsewhere differ from corrosives onely from the difference of their acids such I mean as in a lower degree pleurising from an inflamatory transposition of the fiery particles of the blood upon the pleura and in a higher degree as are the plague and pestilential Feavers which are Feavers in their highest inflamatory and siery degree witness the Anthrases Carbuncles and other pestilential badges which shew perfect Eschars upon the skin as if perform'd by cauteries Lixivial or fiery which are with due caution to be cured by such ways and methods as allay that furious fiery Ebullition by Phlebotomy and gentle breathing Sweats but here we must cut short intending as this finds acceptance a fuller and more free discourse of the nature of Feavers how essentially specificated and what methods accordingly they best yield too concerning which we may Deo dante treat in another place Onely this by the by we would observe that amongst animal juices those from vegitables made by animal Ferments suppose Milk by the various actions of the innate or adventitious acids upon their inbred Sulphurs happen different products First therefore as to the coagulations and alterations to be made from the inbred acidum thereof Thus Milk while in an equal temperature of its constituent ingredients undergoes no separation of parts remaining in an uniform Liquor but being expos'd to the Air after a while the innate acidum of the Milk being acuated by that of the Air makes a spontaneous separation of a cremor from the more thin part which Cream having some acidum in it as we elsewhere prove that all Cremors Oyles Fatts Axungia's c. are but different disguises of animal Sulphurs have their implanted acids by keeping grows more sour this by concussion of the parts in that motion we call Churming undergoes a Fermentation of its kind from whence happens another sort of separation viz. into Butter which is Sulphur in another form then before and a more serous part call'd Butter-milk And as Milk after the separation of Cream by longer standing comes to a thick and almost gellyed consistence by Countrey people call'd Loppard and by a little heat splits into Curd and Whey so Butter-milk if kept long will come to the like consistence but if heated the acidum presently coagulates the Curdy part if that coagulation be made in heat after the mixture of New-Milk the acidum in the Butter-milk coagulates both the Curdy parts of its own as also Butirous and Curdy parts of the New-milk into that sort of sour coagulum call'd hatted Milk which is more or less sour according to the prevalency of the acidum or more or less affusion of New-Milk And Lastly As the foresaid alterations are made from the various coagulations of Milk from its implanted acid So likewise other sorts of coagulations thereof are produced from additional acids Thus any Fermentative potable Liquor as Wine Ale Beer Syder c. mixed with Milk the acidum in such Liquors coagulates the Sulphurous parts into a Curd separable from the serus Liquor the like will
Vegetal and Mineral Kingdoms which Catalogues with most of the Books contained in them with many others of that Subject in Latin a large account of which Borellus hath given in his Bibliotheca Chymica are to be Sold by William Cooper at the Pellican in Little-Britain London A DISCOURSE OF THE Sulphur-Bath AT KNARSBROUGH IN YORK-SHIRE BY WILL. SIMPSON M. D. LONDON Printed for Will. Cooper at the Pellican in Little-Britain 1675. A Discourse of the Sulphur-Bath at Knarsbrough concerning its Causes and Virtues THat I may not be injurious to what I have already writ in my two former Books entituled Hydrologia Chymica and Hydrological Essays concerning the Sulphur-Well at Knarsbrough as a mineral water of great use in its virtues inwardly taken But now designing an account thereof as a Bath for outward use shall therefore in order to the better understanding of what I aim at here resume so much of my former discourse concerning the Essential ingredients and necessary principles of that Water together with an addition of some more recent observations as may serve to illustrate what I now intend to be my present task Our method will be as followeth 1. To lay down the constitutive ingredients or mineral principles of that Water 2. To shew the process as near as we can apprehend Nature useth in the preparing this excellent water 3. To shew the difference betwixt this and other natnral Hot-Baths as in their original and inbred principles so also in some sort as to their virtues 4. To shew how and by what means the Sulphur as the chief mineral ingredient in this water is so opened as to become not only so subtile as thence to be solvable odore tenus therein but also so volatile as to pass off in a continual steame and insensible effluvium 5. How this Sulphur-water comes not much short as to its original principles nor is much if at all inferiour in its efficacy to some other Sulphur-waters which are Hot-Baths inasmuch as this is lately found to be successful for outward applications as well as those by late observation are remark'd for inward use 6. To shew that the artificial heating of the Sulphur-water bears some analogy to the inbred heat of other Baths as they come hot out of the Earth 7. To shew how Art may imitate Nature but yet from the same principles in the resemblance of most Baths viz. how to prepare such Baths artificially as are natural Lastly To inquire how and after what manner this Sulphur-water performs those expected helps as a Bath where in short will be illustrated its various virtues in order to the help of several Maladies First As to the constituent ingredients or mineral principles of this water We say they are compriz'd in these three viz. 1. A marine or fossil Salt 2. A Sulphurous Apporrhea or steam of Sulphur Lastly A little aluminous acidity As to the first viz. Salt is apparent both from its brackish taste as also from what remains upon its distillation or evaporation of which we find betwixt one and two drams in a quart thereof as we further shew in our Hydrologia Chymica c. 2. As to the Sulphrous principle that 's manifest 1. From its Taste and Smell as also from its hogo upon the riflings and regurgitations of the Stomack after taking thereof 2. From its colouring of Silver dipt therein which it doth as readily as the solution or washings of crocus metallorum from the Sulphur of the Antimony or as the solution of common Brimstone in the preparing Lac Sulphuris both being made from the Acids of alcalizate Salts as will appear although a paradox more clearly anon And lastly from its colouring of Silver by its very Steams as we shall shew more afterwards Now the question may be ask'd whence this mineral water has its Sulphur I answer that there are plenty of vitriolin Marcasites well saturate with Sulphur out of which I have by an artifice taught in my Hydrological Essays separated perfect Brimstone which melted into magdalions or rolls are not distinguishable any manner of way from the common besides which Marcasites found not far off this Spring the very adjacent Earth is full of Brimstone Lastly As to the ingredient of Alom its discoverable these ways following first from the Alom-Bed through which this water at last passeth or at least toucheth upon as is obvious to any eye that will look at it being close adjoyning to the exit of the water 2. By its acidity in the water as is evident from its curdling of Milk for the Salt separated from the sulphur-Sulphur-water being put into boyling Milk will make it shil into Curds and Whey as if some acidum was poured thereto which common Salt will not do for we try'd both and that in the same proportion and found the Sulphur Salt to cause a speedy separation and that in great quantity and the common Salt made a little separation of a lighter coagulum but did not make it shil or alter the seeming colour or consistence of the Milk And lastly if the powder of Coral or Crabs-Eyes be put thereto they imbibe or mortifie the acidity of the Alom and cause a Milkieness from the volatile Sulphur And as the three aforesaid ingredients are found to be the constitutive principles of this water so that neither vitriol nor nitre however some imagine the contrary are contain'd therein is evident first as to vitriol which gives the most suspition from the plenty of its Marcasites found not far from the Well because it will strike no tincture with Galls as we shall shortly further evince And as to Nitre there is not the least suspition either from what is separable from the water nor from any mineral glebe adjacent thereto that we have yet discovered Secondly As to the process Nature useth in the preparing this excellent mineral water or the manner of her mixing the foresaid ingredients by her Chymistry in the bowels of the Earth in order to the making up the forenamed Sulphur-Bath In short thus a water Spring suppose passing through or by a minera of fossil Salt part of which it dissolves and afterwards in its current either meeting with some acid juice whether of vitriol or of other mineral glebes becomes impregnate therewith and obviating or rather supervening a Sulphurous Mineral from the concourse of which two happens a Fermentation or else this Saline Solution comes upon a minera whether that of vitriol or what other soever it be in the meanders of the Earth whose principles are yet crude and onely embrionative whereupon it sets those native and congenit principles awork into a Fermentation either way I say it becomes capable of raising that intestine motion we call Fermentation and thence of so subtilizing and volatizing the Sulphur as to make it solvable in water as we have illustrated more demonstrably above in our Doctrine of Hot-Baths But not staying here because of the continual afflux and pressure of water at
Oyle by bare infusions and distillations in ordinary water is now by the comminution of previous Fermentation so divided sub-divided and volatiz'd as that these vegitable Sulphurs will not only arise by the gentlest heat but will also easily dissolve in any water or common vehicle As we plainly see that any vinous Spirit made from vegitables by Fermentation will easily mix with ordinary water which the oyles of those vegitables separated before Fermentation would not do So likewise the effects of those sensible at least by their heat Fermentations in mineral Fermentative juices is no other then the comminution and volatization of their otherwise crude Sulphurs For what is it would I ask that can render Sulphur and bituminous juices capable of incorporating with Spring-water Seeing that neither fire which what that is in a true Physiological sense according to our Hypothesis we may elsewhere declare in the vulgar notion thereof nor Salts I mean fixed or volatile can alone perform that work For by fire if in open Vessels Brimstone being burnt it ariseth with a fume condensible into an acid Sulphurous Liquor witness the oyle of Sulphur per Campanam made by flag ration and in close Vessels it makes no alteration arising only in Flowers which are nothing else but the entire body of Brimston unaltered or opened and as to fixt vegitable Salts those indeed open the body of Common Sulphur or Sulphur of any of the minerals so as to make them more capable of dissolving in those congenial menstrua's of Oyle or vinous Spirits but do not at all procure their solution in common water for water being poured to any of the foresaid solutions of Sulphur made either with Oyles or vinous Spirits by fixt Salts do forthwith lactescere causing a precipitation of the very body of Sulphur in a milkie form call'd lac Sulphuris So that it remains that nothing else short of acid juices can perform this great work of dissolving mineral Sulphurs so as to make them mingable with water which is performed one of these three ways viz. either by bare solution distillation or Fermentation in all which the acidum must have the preheminence before such sort of alteration upon Sulphur can be made thus as it is ex intuitu Sulphuris that all metals are dissolvable in the Stiâ—ian or other proper menstrua which being taken in pieces by acids together with their congenial Sulphurs the mercurial and other parts complicated in the texture of that body doth colliquescere So likewise it is ex intuitu acidorum that all mineral Sulphurs or Sulphurous Concretes do either dissolve in water or are capable of distillation into Liquors or lastly do undergo Fermentation and the products thereof First As to solution in water thus vitriol or vitriolin marcasites which contain plenty of Sulphur do either per se or expos'd to the air become capable of dissolving most what in water and that from the prevalency of their acids above their Sulphurous principle whereby the Sulphur lurks under the mask of the acid Secondly As to their distillation I mean of Sulphurs in the form of Liquors that happens also from the powerfulness of their acids assisted by the acidum of fire us'd in such distillations whereby the Acidum and Sulphur do colliquescere into a corrosive Liquor as appears in Oyle of Vitriol And Lastly This Acido-Sulphurous-Liquor and others of the like nature prepared as aforesaid by distillation if diluted by the addition of a little water or of any oylie Liquor or vinous Spirit be mixed therewith the Sulphur is presently set upon by the acid from whose mutual assaults ariseth a strong Fermentation making the Glass intensely hot and thereby sometimes comes near to an actual flagration So that it is the acidum variously treating the Sulphur whence all these varieties of operations proceed And by this last work of Fermentation the Sulphur is more comminuted volatiz'd and altered then by either of the two former It s true indeed that fixt alcalies or Calx vive being analogous to the former doth so work upon the body of common Sulphur or Sulphur of some minerals and thereby opens it so as meeting with an acid juice may make a resemblance of some Sulphur waters as we have elsewhere largely discourst in our Hydrologia Chymica concerning the Sulphur-well at Knarsbrough which is without doubt I mean the precipitation by the supervening acid the cause of the strong smell of this and some other the like waters Amongst the causes assigned by divers Authors of the heat in natural Baths those of subterraneal fires are not the least which because we have by sufficient arguments at large exploded in our Hydrologia Chymica shall now therefore wave But the great and most authentick opinion is that of Dr. Jordens in his book of natural Baths which by many learned persons hath and that not unworthily the kind acceptance and the most general applause which is grounded upon a Fermentation from a seminary Spirit of minerals in the bowels of the earth meeting with convenient matter from which Spirit acting upon the matter in generation of minerals is caused that heat which perpetuates hot Baths It would be too tedious a task for this intended short tract now to wade into a deep examination of the Hypothesis of this learned man I shall only say leaving the rest of that doctrine in its own worth that had that judicious person been better acquainted with the understanding of the true and genuine sense of Fermentation would no doubt have polish'd his notions much better then we find them and would have told us wherever Fermentation was found in whichsoever of the triplicity of natures Kingdoms that there necessarily must concur the principles of Fermentation and that Sulphur or Bituminous matter being a kin to Sulphur must be one of those principles as to the mineral Kingdom and consequently be an indispensible ingredient in all hot Baths For Fermentation can no more exist without its own principles then fire can without combustible matter or the principles of firing nor then animal bodies can be sustained without their peculiar Ferments which what analogy these viz. vegitable and animal juices in their Fermentations as to their constituent principles bear to those of minerals we may elsewhere give an account Onely here we shall take occasion to answer that grand objection the foresaid ingenuous Author makes against Sulphur being the cause of heat in Baths For though we do not assert that Sulphur singly considered is the cause of Fermentation or Heat but that it is one of the principles of Fermentation yet we judge that objection toucheth upon the Verge of our Hypothesis and therefore worthy our solution The Objection is That if Sulphur can give actual heat to our Baths it must burn the like he saith of bitumen that unless it be kindled it can yeild no heat to our Baths I answer That hereby it is obvious that the foresaid Author did not throughly understand the
of Fermentation which I may call if we have respect to the already concrete body of Sulphur or Sulphurous minerals and that not improperly Fermentation at the Second hand I say is no less to be performed by minerals then vegitables For as amongst vegitables Corn when ripe and reap'd its fermenting principles of vegitation as we may elsewhere shew how all vegitation is nothing else but a natural slow-pac'd Fermentation from each plants peculiar principles of Acid and Sulphur are shut up and would constantly remain dormant till it either be committed to the ground in order to fresh vegitation and multiplication of its species or be malted whereby its vegitative Fermentation is perverted and the same principles driven on to another design of fermenting in water after malting in order to the making of our drink wherein both viz. Vegitation and Malting the same fermentative principles are kept afoot though to different ends So likewise it happens by a parity of principles amongst minerals where when the Fermentation necessarily in their production sometimes terminate in concretion in which the Sulphurous principle being prevalent most what coagulates the acidum and both with some other heterogenious parts combine to the making up this or the other mineral Sulphurous concrete I say there in that concrete the principles of Fermentation cease to act and so would if unexcited remain always dormant untill by a congenial powerful supervening acid the intrinsick principles be put into a fresh intestine strugling or regular motion which we call Fermentation which heating the transient waters becomes the efficient cause of some natural hot Baths CHAP. IV. HAving already shewed that Acidum and Sulphur are the chief ingredients of hot Baths as the essential principles thereof Now come we to demonstrate how and in what manner the waters in hot Baths become hot which to do we must endeavour to shew that some sorts of acids have so powerful an operation upon Sulphurs or Sulphurous concretes as that being actually set a work or put into motion are sufficient causes of Fermentation in mineral juices and next that heat which will necessarily follow is the immediate result of such Fermentation The First we shall elucidate with an induction of many paralel instances whereby we shall perform two things at once viz. both illustrate our doctrine of Fermentation grounded upon the genuine principles of Acidum and Sulphur as also solve the Phoenomena of the occurring instances The first mechanical instance shall be the solution of any metall except Gold in an Aqua fortis and of Gold it self in an Aqua Regis which are no sooner put together both being duely qualified but the action of Fermentation is plain to any eye in the dissolving or breaking to pieces that metal what it is that causeth Solution and Fermentation which immediately happens upon the working of the solvent on the solvend It is not as I conceive from the complications of the fluid Salt in the menstruum with the fixt Salt in the metal whereby the metallick compage is broke and the particles thence hid in the pores of the menstruum according to the judgement of the learned Dr. Willis Nor need we with him imagine a vitriolick Salt in Silver or an armoniack in Gold but is it not rather the Sulphur in the metal and the acidum of the menstruum for the sake of which Sulphur the mercurial part is also broken to pieces and the whole by that Fermentative motion dissolv'd cujus Sulphuris intuitu totum liquescit metallum in which corrosion or solution of the imperfect metals in Aqua fortis or the like corrosive menstrum there is no such great danger of breaking the Glass if stopped as happens inevitably in the solution of the Sulphur of the more crude minerals the reason of which is from the more fixity those Sulphurs arrive to by metallization from what they are in unripe marcasites or minerals Hence we may certainly conclude that in the Fermentation requisite for hot Baths no metals are concern'd and that both because of the more fixity of their Sulphurs as also from the deficiency of such corrosive menstrua in the earth for nothing short of an Aqua fortis or Aqua Regis can make a Fermentation with a metal Hence also nothing but minerals or liquid bituminous juices wherein the connate Sulphur is of a more loose compage also more volatile and consequently easily fermentable by more lanquid acids are the proper and essential ingredients of hot Baths where we may observe both by the preceding and by this following instance That the Sulphur in the metals acting upon the acids or vice versa are the true causes of corrosive Fermentations and thence of heat Thus the caput mort ' of viridaris from which I had according to Zuelfer drawn off the concentred acetum being a subtile calx of Venus I mixed with an equal quantity of Sal armon in order to the preparing a sort of that vulgarly called ens veneris which mixture being well impropriated by a sufficient triture within less then one quarter of an hour caused so strong a heat as I could scarce get it into the retort without burning my hand The next instance therefore shall come nearer to the matter in hand and that shall be concerning Sulphurs more Crude as they stand related to the minerals Thus in the affusion of Aqua Regis upon Antimony or Spirit of Nitre upon butirum Antimonij where the acidum of the menstruum acting upon and strugling with the crude Sulphur either of crude solatary Antimony or of the same carryed up by Salts in the form of a butirum doth cause a very strong Fermentation where the Sulphur by the assaults of those corrosive acid Spirits grows so high in its Fermentation as that it almost takes flame passing off with a strong stifling and incoarcible arsenical vapour by the former of which prepared with common Salt my ingenious Friend Mr. Wilkinson and my self have after Fermentation separated a Sulphur out of Antimony not unlike the common greener sort of Brimstone That the Fermentation caus'd in the last of which experiments I mean betwixt Spirit of Nitre and Butter of Antimony is not as some might urge from the Salts in the Sublimate mixing with the acidum in the menstruum appeareth because the same menstruum poured upon the same Salts while incorporated with Mercury in the form of Sublimate causeth no such Fermentation yea on the contrary I have seen Sublimate wherein the foresaid Salts are lodg'd which are in butirum Antimonij dissolve in an acid menstruum without the least tumultuous Ebullition even almost like and perhaps neer as soon as Ice in warm water Another mechanical instance shall be from the pouring an Aqua Regis upon well dry'd Danzick vitriol upon which well blanch'd I poured the foresaid menstruum from whose mixture being made per vices such a strong impetuous Fermentation with thick red fumes was caused as that it seemed to come
metals is also observed in the Lead-mines at Mendip and the Peake which do not onely stretch further in extent of ground then hath been observed heretofore but also are renewed in the same ground which hath been formerly wrought which we have touch'd upon in our Hydrological Essays Wherefore seeing minerals are continually generated their constitutive principles in their fermental operation must as constantly be at work especially where concretion is interrupted by a continual flux of water as happens in the source of most of these hot Baths Now where the seeds of minerals are once begun that their active principles are set a work in order to the heaving forth a body answerable to the type implanted in the primordials thereof If this happens I say where water in his subterraneous passages hath its constant current it can never arrive at the compleating of the body according to the intention of nature for although it be always aiming at the perfecting of a solid concretion yet the constant afflux of waters impedes that attempt and onely serves to keep the fermentative principles in a constant motion so that water doth but set the inbred principles of Acidum and Sulphur more into an inward strugling and makes the Fermentation the stronger and consequently the greater heat a very pertinent instance which may lead us to a better and more familiar understanding how this Fermentation is promoted by water we may not unaptly represent by Oyle of Vitriol and Water for a little water being put thereto it presently sets the fermental principles of Acidum and Sulphur connatural to that Oyle into a strong Ebullition or Fermentation whence results so great a heat as the Glass it s done in is scarce tollerable to the hand especially if the Oyle be well rectified whereas before the addition of water the Glass wherein was the Oyle was cold to touch the principles lying dormant from the thickness of the Liquor and its tendency towards the concretion of a more solid body but upon the addition of a little water it thins that Liquor at least in some measure and so puts the foresaid principles into Fermentation And that in the production or generation of minerals Fermentation of their implanted principles is chiefly concern'd is further evident in what Agricola and Erastus saith from the observation of Mine-works who affirm That in many places they find their Mines so hot as they can hardly touch them from the same reason of Fermentation it is that the minera of Allom or Vitriol being broke and expos'd to the air contract a strong heat which sometimes may arise to that height as to cause an actual ignition by which not long since a Barne at Yeeland near Hallifax was burnt and from the same cause the minera of Tin-Glass being expos'd to the moist air will become very hot for upon the access of moisture in the air the intrinsick acids of the foresaid minerals are dissolv'd which as they dissolve work upon their implanted Sulphurs from whose mutual Collision and Colliquation is caus'd the foresaid Fermentation and Heat CHAP. V. HAving thus delivered our Hypohesis of the causes of hot Baths from the Fermentation of mineral juices whose mechanical and efficient principles consist in an Acidum and Sulphur it will not be difficult from hence to solve various other subterraneal phoenomena such as are damps and from thence the reasons of poysonous Springs Baths Pools Lakes also Earth-quakes Erruptions c. First As to Damps to me they seem to be nothing else but certain gusts or steams arising from mineral Fermentations which are more or less noxious or mortal by how much they proceed from minerals whose Sulphurs are more or less venemous for if either a Fermentation happen in the very generation of some poysonous mineral as suppose Arsenick Risogalla Auripigmentum Sandaracha Rusma Cadmia c. from the intestine struglings of their innate Acidum or Sulphur or if it happens from the supervening of an acidum upon the minera of any of the aforesaid poysonous juices I say from either way an effluvium doth forthwith arise which being the product of Fermentation is very subtile and thereby can easily permeate the Cranies of the Earth and reach at a great distance from the first source of Fermentation which is able by its Sulphurous Arsenical odour not only to extinguish a Candle or Lamp but also exsufflate or puff out the very vital taper of men or other animals that it meeteth with in subterraneal passages whence many men have suddenly perished by the breath thereof in Mines yea so strong is it sometimes or in some places that it infects some waters that lie over it or come within the orb of its action whence posonous Springs Baths Pools Lakes c. take their begining which will kill suddenly as at Circum in Thracia Fons Neptunius in Terracina at Perant by Mompelier the Lake Avernus the Cave of Charon by Naples c. yea from hence those waters take their original which by their mortal odours kill Fowl that fly over them of which sort are the foresaid Lake Avernus as also the vapours arising from Charons den between Naples and Puteolum c. Next to which the Phoenomena of Earthquakes are from the aforesaid principles not difficult to solve if we in rendring an account thereof shall say that they are likely to happen when some Sulphur or Sulphurous body either in Liquid or Concrete meets with a fermenting acidum in the bowels of the Earth in some narrow passages where when that elasticity and explosiveness of Sulphur by a supervening acid is excited and being pent up in the straights of the Earth cannot easily get forth forceth and presseth on all hands upon the adjacent bulkes heaves and lifts like a mole in its subterraneous workings and thence causeth that terrae tremor which may not improperly amongst the rest be illustrated by these following instances First I took floores of Brimstone which is all one with Crude Brimstone two drams upon which I poured about half an Ounce of that sort of aqua regia which is called by Mr. Boyle menstruum peracutum which though at first for a while it kept quiet causing no sensible ebullition but afterwards the menstruum began to work thereon and to bring the Sulphur to a gellied matter this Glass I set loosely upon the very surface of my Sand digesting Furnace whose heat was very soft and slow possibly the same might happen though it had no external warmth at all yet although the Glass had a long neck being a bolt head and but sleightly crack'd it broke all in pieces and with the force thereof broke another Glass by it Thus Secondly by putting one Ounce of Sal armoniack to four of Aqua fortis if the Glass Viol be close stopt it will presently with a great noise break the Glass into a Thousand shivers for the acidum in Common Salt which is in Sal armoniack meeting with the Sulphur in the
retrograde motion which is that we vulgarly call putrefaction are all other sorts produc'd and so of the rest which we shall not now enlarge upon and as to what results from mineral Fermentation we have elsewhere discourst That moisture or water the former of which is but the latter rarified is absolutely necessary both to the setting the principles of Fermentation a work as also to the keeping them afoot even in all such motions from the very lowest degree of vegetable Fermentation to the highest of actual flagration is evident in most things throughout the series of natures triplicity thus Vegitables necessarily require moisture not onely to set but also to keep their principles of Fermentation in a constant Spring Thus the Ferments of our Stomacks do really need the pouring down of Water Wine Ale Beer or other potable Liquors for the perpetuating and invigorating their active principles And hence for ought we know may be the reason why a Glass of Water taken after a plentiful repast is found to help the digestion by setting the Fermentation awork which otherwise by the glut of Food might be interrupted and that too by diluting the assum'd aliment and so setting the Acidum of the Stomack and Sulphur of the food into a mutual collision even as a little water poured to the thick Oyle of Vitriol by diluting sets the inward principles of Acidum and Sulphur into a Fermentation thence producing a considerable heat as we elsewhere further treat So likewise do the principles of mineral Ferments in their source no less require the continual afflux of Water in order to the heightening their heat and making of hot Baths Thus also Brass Lumps which are a sort of vitriolin marcasite laid in heaps do from the moisture of the Air or sprinkling of water suffer their principles of Acid and Sulphur by their mutual collisions to be set awork which are invigorated to that height as to rise to an actual flagration The same will Metal-Coals Mines of Tin-Glass Alom c. do and that from the identity of causes with the former So likewise moist Hay Corn in Green or Moist Sheafs Corn Steeped or otherwise Moistened do all of them from the same heightening of the action of their principles by moisture conceive heat yea take fire too as is abovesaid So that wherever Fermentation happens and that there is plenty of moisture or water there the Fermentation is considerably heightened as may be illustrated by all the foresaid instances And wherever there is heat proceeding from the same principles of Acidum and Sulphur if these by the addition of moisture become sufficiently intended will certainly cause Fire Yea perhaps fire it self I mean the culinary made up and fed with combustible concretes doth as necessarily require a moisture in the Air to the performing its quick rapid Fermentation of ignition and flagration so as to make 〈◊〉 principles liquid in the very act of flagration 〈◊〉 that mineral corrofive Fires do require the addition of moisture or water upon no other account then for the dissolving and putting into Fermentation their corrosive Acids and Sulphurs is evident not only in the Oyle of Vitriol but also in the Stigian waters viz. Spirit of Nitre Aqua fortis and Aqua regia the two former of which being the same thing as made from the same principles of Acid and Sulphur dissolv'd by the help of fire in water as we further declare in our Halologia all which are corroding menstrua's or liquid burning fretting fires which while in the form of dry Salts or Sulphurs separated are not at all apt to make such corrosions of Metals Minera s c. For according to our Hypothesis corrosive menstrua are not made from Salts in fluor nor are they bare acetous Liquors or Saline particles driven by force of fire from the imbraces of their own Earth as the learned Dr. Willis would have them but are an Acid and Sulphur brought over in a Liquid form That they are all Acids needs no proof and that they have all Sulphurs may very easily be made to appear by the resinous oylie or other Sulphurous separations to be made from all of them even from the leanest I mean distilled Vinegar as we demonstrate in our Lythologia Physica and Halologia so that Acidum and Sulphur by stress of Fire raising up some Liquid or watery parts fall into a fluor and thereby become corrosive menstrua For mineral Salts never become corrosives till their Sulphurs and Acids colliquate and that they do either by distillation from stress of fire the acidum of the fire assisting their colliquations as is evident in the making of the Stygian and other corrosive menstrua or by Fermentation as appears in the mixture of Mercury sublimate and crude Antimony or regulus of Antimony where the acidum of the Salts catch hold of the Sulphur in the crude or reguline Antimony and cause a Fermentation colliquating together or rather by their colliquations cause a Fermentation which you will for we see upon the Fermentation the mass of Salts and Antimony flow together appearing in a liquid although thick form which Colliquation and Fermentation is perform'd without the least specimen of any alcali or quid alcali analogum to which many ingenious persons for want of a true Basis and right Ariadnes Thred to extricate them from difficulties are driven to take Shelter in the solving these and the like Phaenomena And not onely corrosives but causticks also we suppose according to our Hypothesis to consist both of them chiefly in the vigour of Acids raised to the height of Fermentation and to differ onely in this that causticks are made from the acidum of Fire and that either as in its own rapid motion of Fermentation happening betwixt the Acidum and Sulphur of the combustible concrete or as its Acidum is fixt inter cremandum upon such sort of bodies as can grasp hold of and detain it in its intrails of which are all sorts of fixt Alcalies as they are call'd minium calx vivae c. whereas Corrosives are made from the acids of Minerals complicated with their Sulphurs and heightened by Fire which by the medium of an ingeint moisture or by a colliquation betwixt themselves become liquid corrosive Menstrua of which more elsewhere And of whose manner of workings in the solution of Metals we have above given a short account according to our deposited Thesis Yea and that some Acids and Sulphurs will colliquescere even without the help of Fire in distillation and in that colliquation will cause a strong Fermentation and intense heat is evident from the mixture of Antimony or the regulus of Antimony and mercury sublimate with dry powders will melt being mixed as if fused in a crucible We shall not here say how by the Fermentations of our foresaid principles all vegetable and animal concretes for the texture of whose bodies water as a material principle is absolutely requisite and which is
wrought up into those bodies in their natural generation are continually by a constant wheeling off after a little rotation in the Air in the great capitellum of the Amosphere turn'd into water again or into watery vapours which are but water rarified and how that watery vapour is as one spring in the Air for the setting all other Fermentations awork not onely useful towards the actual flagration of combustable matter maintaining thereby the great round and circulation of generations and reductions of all bodies But also from the same moisture in the Air carried thither in the great circulation and fed by incessant subterraneal steams arising especially from Springy and other watery places which whether in the form of Dews helps to feed Corn and Grass kept back by long droughts or whether wrapt up more invisibly in the Air doth yet reach some of the tender veins of other vegetables or uniteth with the slender fibers of their roots plac'd in Sandy Gritty or other barren Ground and thereby either way by a sort of filtration is communicated to their Juices whence such Plants which otherwise could scarce be thought to receive any sufficient supply from such barren Soils admit of a competent stock of moisture able to carry on their vegetative Fermentation whereby they grow and thrive well And hence it is that Câ—pin and several other Plants onely set in Sand and sometimes sprinkled with water doth from the foresaid moisture in the Air vegetate and like well Nor here to shew how Air after a double manner contributes towards the Fermentation both of animals and vegetables yea towards the producing the highest of Fermentation Fire nor shall we take time here to insist upon water as the true material principle indispensibly necessary for the production of all bodies the want of which in the grand circulation of nature bring on a consuming drought in all bodies whereby those concretes whose natives the principles are wither and dye because their principles of Acidum and Sulphur having not whereon to work and model bodies with desert them taking wing into their own aether leaving their former receptacles to pine away in a continual marasme and unavoidable tabers Nor to shew how water is indeed as essentially requisite materiae gratia for natural as Stone and Wood are for artificial fabricks whilst the active principles of of Acidum and Sulphur are the inward artificers the implanted fabers yea the hidden limners who by the manuduction of Seeds hews out forms shapes and draws forth the lineaments and portraitures of all things answering ad vivum from the unerring rules of nature their beautiful antitypes invisibly coucht in the initials of all bodies But now studying brevity shall leave them to a further discourse From what is premised concerning this our Doctrine of Fermentation how it is performed in all vegetation as being the lowest orb in the whole round world of nature it moves in and yet is the true beginings of all fire in bodies and that the most violent of fires is no other then this Fermentation in the most rapid manner the principles furiously driving upon each other will be evident and very obvious from this following mechanical experiment Take the subtile aethereal Spirit of Venice Turpentine four Ounces which is nothing else but the Sulphur of that vegetable resinous gumm comminuted and subtiliz'd by gentle distillation and intimately marryed to a defaecate implanted acid as also Aqua fortis six Ounces both recently drawn mix them together in a Glass-Viol and they will presently fall into a furious Fermentation which will arise to that height as actually amongst the thick clouds of fumes to burn and blaze out of and above the Orifice of the Glass in a visible flame Now what is observable in this Fire thus by the foresaid mechanick produced and whence the causes the same may truly we think be said of all other fires in combustable concretes for here the Acidum in the Aqua fortis lately made is very strong closeth with the Acid in the Spirit of Turpentine immediately sets upon the Sulphur in the same vegetable Oylie Liquor which Sulphur being congenial as Sulphurs usually are to each other to that in the Aqua fortis increaseth in its vigour whereby both the Acid and the Sulphur even in both Liquors become fortified and forthwith fall into an intestine Collision whence the Fermentation begins which being by the purity and sincerity of the principles more and more heightened and invigorated having no heterogeneous matter to interrupt their inward duellings at length arise to that degree as to colliquate into an actual fluid flame which is the very same cause we elsewhere assign to to the production of all usual Fire in combustable concretes only with this difference that in such stagrations conceived from the immediate conflicts of the principles there are not as I said those heterogenities interwoven as in other combustable concretes set into that rapid motion by kindling or firing Thus I say these actual flagrations whether from the furious assaults of fiery acido-Sulphurous Liquors as is apparent from the foresaid mechanical experiment or from Acids and Sulphurs set into intestine conflicts in combustable concretes as is evident in all usual Fire is no other then our foresaid Fermentation in a most violent hurry the principles acting furiously upon each other while other slower Fires are maintain'd by sleighter and more gentle touches of the same principles Hence methinks when I behold the varieties of Vegetables I cannot but esteem them as so many igniculi little Fires shewing their various lustre in their peculiar colours Yea to me the whole appearance of nature in the concretions of most bodies throughout the triplicity of her dominions some Petrificks and such like anomolous productions excepted is nothing else but so many Lamps burning in water each of them distinguishing a parcel thereof into this or the other visible figuration which we commonly call bodies or concretes so that the Philosophers ignis aqua I mean both their Mercury and the grand Solvent the Alchahest in which the ignis Sophorum is artificially implanted in the mercurial or watery juices is but an Epitome of what nature in the great volume of the World sets down in Folio yea is no otherwise preparable by art then what to a Philosophick eye nature is constantly performing in its great orb of productions And as each Body carries its central Fire shut up in its Bosom expanded or blown up by the evolution of its seminals depending upon the implanted active principles of Fermentation so likewise that adventitious heat which helps to foster Fermentation in such juices or concretions where the active principles seem to be immur'd in the weighty bulk of terrestrial strial parts ought in its degree to be gentle soft and symbolical to the Fermentative principles which if it exceed in lieu of chenishing dissipates the nimble agents and spoils the act of Fermentation and this is evident not onely
in the concretions and maturations of Fruits but in the Fermentations of potable Liquors Thus as to the First Fruits while upon the Trees by the help of the Sun have their vegetative Fermentations compleated by the Sulphurs sweetening and maturating their Acids the like is done though nothing nigh so well in Fruits taken off the Trees before they be ripe and laid by in Straw Hay or the like whereby the warmth of the Air there formerly begun Fermentation is in some measure carryed on to maturation whereas if exposed to a more warmth or a greater degree of heat if done in Water they are Codled if before the Fire they are Roasted In both which although somewhat sweetened from what they were yet are far short of the pleasant gust and delicate colour they arrive at by their more natural and gentle maturating heat Thus if any Grain suppose Barley c. be steeped and afterwards laid in heaps till it contract a spontaneous heat this very heat transcending that which is peculiar to its own vegetative Fermentation suspends or rather indeed perverts the intention of nature whereby it will never so vegetate afterwards as to go on to a propagation by Seed but onely if permitted by neglect of turning will shoot forth a spurious branch call'd vulgarly an Acrespire Thus as to the last Fermentative Liquors if they have any other heat but what results from the collisions of their own active principles or at least in degree is congenial thereto then the intention of nature is perverted by the dissipations of the principles of Fermentation or at least by the graduations of the Acid above the Sulphur as appears in heating the Fermentative Liquor too much or in putting it up too warm in the Vessels the like happens I mean a dissipation of the Fermentative agents or an exorbitancy of the Acidum in hot seasons or with the percussions of the Air by the noise of Guns or Thunder or from insolation or the like In all which the crasis of Fermentable Liquors are perverted and the Acidum by overpowering the Sulphur grows exorbitant subverting the temperature of the whole CHAP. IX HAving thus sleightly for brevities sake run through the reasons and causes of Fermentation from the lowest to the highest degree thereof in all natural productions throughout the threefold kingdom of Nature and shewed those from the genuine causes and natural principles to be the fountain of Heat in and amongst bodies Now come we to consider of some other sorts of Heat that seem to arise either from other manner of Fermentations or from other causes of which are all Fermentations or Ebullitions made betwixt Acids and all kinds of Alcalies whether lixivial or alcalizate fixed or volatile the Fermentation and Heat obvious in quicklime made by the affusion of water heat also caus'd from the collision and attrition of solid bodies For indeed from a due examination I find there is no Heat produc'd amongst bodies I mean from their own intestine principles what sort soever it be but what is referable of one of these two viz. either Acids and Sulphurs or to Acids and Alcalies The first is the natural cause of Heat as thence springing from its genuine source which admits of degrees even to actual flagration The other is artificial and never arrives to the height of the former I found therefore upon due consideration that the foresaid Fermentations and Heat reckoned amongst those which arise betwixt Acids and some sorts of Alcalies might be soly'd from one of these two causes viz. either from our deposited principles of Acid and Sulphur or from a mutual fretting betwixt Acids and urinous Spirits Thus we suppose and elsewhere in our Lithologio Physica illustrate in all Petrifick concretions somewhat of a Sulphurous principle lockt up in the strickt texture of the petrifying native Alcaly which when an acid menstruum comes to terebrate finding the Sulphur its proper object closeth therewith and from their mutual struglings happens the solution of the body thence proceeds the Ebullition and consequently in some where it is strong Warmth For we suppose a Sulphur or Sulphurous principle to be as a cement to bind up the petrifick Alcali in all or most of stony concretions Thus also we suppose in all fixt lixivial Alcalies or fixt Salts as they are vulgarly called a Sulphurous principle to be close shut up in the texture thereof and that every fixt lixivial Alcali is a new compage of the same prae-existent principles produc'd and bound up by the Acidum of Fire where the Acidum and Sulphur are so interwoven with a volatile urinous Spirit or Salt as that by force of Fire they do colliquescere melt down into a body dissolvable per deliquium which is generally esteemed a simple Salt but having discourst largely thereof in our Halologia shall now wave it and onely say that these fixt Alcalies vulgarly reputed solitary Salts being new textures of the intrinsick principles do by that neutrality of Essence they are wrought into by the Fire from new complications I say do make different assaults upon Acids then before Hence it is that upon a double account as I said that Acids mixed with these Alcalies may cause an effervescence viz. either as meeting with the Sulphur close bound up with the Acid and urinous Spirit or Salt in the compage of the Alcali and so to cause an Ebullition and Heat according to our foresaid principles or as meeting with the volatile urinous Salt close rivetted with the Sulphur and Acid may either way cause an effervescence Onely this difference which is considerable is to be noted betwixt these Fermentations made between Acids and Sulphurs as they happen in petrifick concretions and fixt lixivial Alcalies from those which happen in the general course of nature inasmuch as Fermentations which are set awork amongst animals vegetables yea and many minerals do produce a quite different effect from those lately cited as appears in animal Fermentations their effects are the production of animal Spirits c. In vegetable Fermentations their effects are either such which immediately result from the slow pac'd motion of the principles viz. Vegetation Volatization of their Sulphurs Odours c. or are the effects of the more sensible Fermentations in all vegetable juices in order to potable Liquors which are vinous Spirits or the effects of mineral Fermentations which if done in the bowels of the Earth where no current of water happens are the productions of mineral concretes c. If where waters have their Channels in their great circulation their effects are hot Baths c. Or Lastly if the Fermentation be from mineral bodies and corrosive menstrua the effects are stifling fumes c. All which in their different classes happen from the looseness of the compage of their Sulphurs and from their facile inclination to volatization But in the late cited effervescences betwixt Acids and Alcalies whether in Petrifick or lixivial Salts their Sulphurs being naturally
Spirit of Nitre with Oyle Olive whereby the vegetable Oyle is coagulated and made consistent being congealed thereby into a white Fat or Butter as Dr. Grew observeth And as nature produceth Rosins and Gums in Plants and Trees congealing the juices of wounded Stems Boles Stalks Heads c. by the acidum of the Air according to the disposition and genius of the Plants whence Rosins as of Turpentine Scamony c. Gums as Camphire Opium c. so in like manner Art in imitation of Nature and from the same principles can produce somewhat equivalent thereto Thus if the acid Oyle of Vitriol be mixed with the Oyle of Anise-seeds the vegetable Oyle is immediately by the acidum in the mineral distill'd Liquor congeal'd into a perfect Rosin Yea and by the addition of Acids to some vegetable Oyles may be resembled the production of Turpentines Thus Oyle of Vitriol added to the distill'd Oyles of Turpentine Nutmegs Juniper c. after Fermentation become of a consistence altogether emulating usual Turpentine without the least appearance of Oyle swiming on them nay although Spirit of Wine be afterwards added yet will it cause no separation of any of the Oyle But the contrary happens if you add Spirit of Wine to an essential Oyle before mixture with the Oyle of Vitriol for then the Spirit of Wine and Oyle of Vitriol unite and reject the essential Oyle to the superficies So that the reason why distill'd Oyles by the foresaid artifice subside in the form of a liquid Turpentine is because that upon Fermentation from the foresaid mixture the Oyles receive such an alteration by suffering their volatile parts to go off as that what remains combining with the Acidum of the Vitriol becomes thence more a Turpentine then an Oyle and consequently as heavier must subside although Spirit of Wine be put thereto which otherwise would swim above it So that from the premisses it will naturally follow that Turpentines are indeed but liquid Rosins and Rosins no other then concrete Turpentines and further that Turpentines are Oyles incrassated or condenced by addition of Acids yea all but several disguises of Sulphur altered according to different degrees of Acids and their various assaults upon Sulphurs It s worth by the by our observation that even from the mixture of some Acids and Sulphurs sanguification I mean as to its tincture may as well be imitated and shadowed forth unto us as from those of volatile Alcalies and Sulphurs Thus the acid Oyle of Vitriol mixed with the essential Oyles either of Turpentine Juniper Nutmegs or Amber Strikes besides the Fermentation and intense heat they cause a deep blood red colour as I have tryed And I do not know yet but that even Alcalies whether fixt or volatile may from the same reason of their hidden and shut up Acids intend the colours of Sulphurous vegetables concerning which Acids we elsewhere touch yea and from the same operation of the genuine Acids upon their proper Sulphurs in the great work of vegetative Fermentation are struck those various and no less admirable colours in the great field of vegetables as we have hinted before And to conclude as we have shewed water to be the material principle of all concretions so the distinction and specification thereof depends upon Fires or Ferments lodg'd and hid in the inwards of Seeds which Fires or Ferments are differenced from the great variety chiefly of Acids not onely in Fermentation but Concretion in Fluidity but Solidity and consistency of bodies For what 's the tapestrey of vegetables in their peculiar verdure spangled with an amicable lustre but so many central Fires or Ferments at first hid in their seminals and afterwards by the co-operation of other conspiring causes displayed into almost infinitely variety of Plants branching themselves in their different delicate and beautiful colours And what are animals but vital Lamps burning in bodies and yet those bodies no otherwise consum'd but by the glowing dwindling and at last extinguishing of those vital tapers whereby not onely animals but also vegetables are apt besides their common putrilage from plenty of moisture to spend themselves by the declining of the foresaid Ferments in hecticks and wearing marasmes which vital Ferments are more noble then the vegetable because working in greater varieties of Vessels and therefore the more highly by circulation sublim'd and graduated into animal Spirits the ultimate product of vital Ferments yea in humane bodies is the very vinculum of the rational Soul that Heaven born Creature to the body being its vehicle here a large Field is open where I could freely let my thoughts and pen run but shall at present set up my staft and content my self although unwilling in drawing the Curtaine over the rest and indeed at length after many conclusions make an End FINIS This following Paragraph is to be inserted instead of that in page 11. line 29. HEnce it is that some of those Sulphuroushot-waters may with good success in order to the Cure of some Diseases be taken inwardly others not Those that may are generally such whose Sulphurs are either from Common Brimstone Vitriol or Antimony or from Marcasites and Pyrites bordering thereon of which sort among the rest are those of the Bath in Somerset-shire which take their original from such kind of Minerals or Mineral juices lodg'd in the bowels of those great Mountains at the foot or centre whereof those Baths break forth which although of late are found to be successful in the Cure of ome Diseases yet it s very suspicious they injure other persons who without good advice drink those waters so that as to a universally medicinal water they come far short of the sulphur-Sulphur-water at Knarsbrough in York-shire And indeed these hot-sulphur-bath-hot-Sulphur-Bath-waters ought to be drunk with a great deal of caution and but by some persons and that too in extraordinary cases yea in no wise to be drunk as a general healing water Those Sulphurous hot-waters which are altogether improper for inward use are such as are impregnate with the Sulphurs of Bitumen Arsneck Risogalla c. or with the Minera's thereof or at least with such Marcasites as participate therewith they are such as we elsewhere name Now the acidum which necessarily concurs to those Fermentations as an indispensible Sulphur opens the bodies of those Sulphurs and thereby either detains them while in fieri in succis solutis or from concretions reduce them to such by either way renders some wholsome and healing others noxious for inward use according to the difference of the foresaid Sulphurs An Advertisement to the Reader THere is now published a Second Part of the Catalogue of Chymical Books in English to be added to the First Part formerly Printed with the Philosophical Epitaph together with a Third Part of the Chymical Catalogue or a Collection of such things published in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society as belong any way to Chymistry or the study of Nature by Art in the Animal
more mature thoughts grounded upon experiment as aforesaid find it otherwise where we profess such an avowed proselyteship to truth sufficiently amiable and worthy in it self as upon nearer apprehensions thereof grounded upon better weighed principles to decline what we have formerly at greater distance in any matter opiniated and in this particular have thence reason to wave the former and to ascribe the solution of this great Phoenomenon to the latter viz. to the Acid in calx vive which in some measure bears an analogy with that Acidum nature useth by her own Chymistry in the intrails of the Earth for the solutions and extractions of Sulphurs As to the 5th thing proposed to discourse of in this our method viz. how this water comes not much short as to its original principles nor is much inferiour in its efficacy to some other Sulphurous waters which are Hot-Baths which is evident besides what has already been said by the sequel thereof viz. because the manner of use of both in respect of what they have been are now reciprocal those of Hot-Baths being formerly chiefly known for outward and these for inward use But now of late are found the former in some cases to be successful for inward use the latter by observation are now eminently remarkable for outward application so that the manner of use of them per se considered is inverted and in a mutual respect is reciprocal As to the virtues of those Hot-Baths which are lately found remarkable for inward as well as out ward use I mean especially those of our own Country the Reader may consult Dr. Jorden his disâ—ourse of Natural Baths and of late the Physicians who have and yet do attend those waters As to the virtues of this Sulphur-water our present Theme as to the use thereof as an inward Medicine the Reader may consult Dr. French his Book and the patient the Physicians there It remains now to speak of it in relation to outward use as a Bath and this leads me to the next considerable viz. 6. That artificial heating of the water bears some analogy to the inbred heat of those other Baths as they come hot out of the Earth To the illustrating of which we are to consider Sulphur or Brimstone according to our former Doctrine that it may become solvable in water is either to be comminuted and volatiz'd by the native or superinduc'd Acids and that by a brisk Fermentation from the mutual collisions of the two principles whence the heat of natural Baths as aforesaid or else the Sulphur by sleighter touches and slenderer vibrations from congenial Acids becomes solvable in a preterlabent water whose heat therefore if any in the source of Fermentation is but gentle yet by that sleight solution of Sulphur it becomes capable of precipitation by another Acid viz. of Alom as happens in this water we treat of That a body of Brimstone is precipitated is evident from Dr. Neals observation concerning a crust of Brimstone which he found under the Stones of the Old-Well at the removing them through whose crevices the water sprang and that the Acidity by which the precipitation is made is from the Alom doth as clearly appear from the Aluminous black Stones found in the further digging for a better Spring Now what remains in the water after the foresaid precipitation is no other then the apporrhea or subtile affluvium of Sulphur which being dispersed through the whole body of the water is always upon the wing flying off continually This effluvium of Sulphur complicated with Salt in the body of the water although it be very volatile as I said yet that it may the better permeate our bodies in order to the performing those expected helps its necessary as to outward use that the waters should be heated by which the volatile parts are put into a more vigorous motion and made capable of penetrating our juices the better For although in frigido the Sulphurous parts are by a volatility continually winding off yet by heating it s put into a more lively action and made more readily Fermentable with the humours of our bodies Now that the Sulphur in this water consists of tenuous parts and very volatile is evident besides what already has been said by this following observation viz. that during the time I Bath'd therein and afterwards went to Bed having laid my Silver-studded Watch upon the Table thereby to observe the time of Bathing and Sweating I found the steam of the heated water had guilded it at such a distance and is so conspicuous as to change the colour as I have observ'd of the Brass-Candlesticks which stood in the next room to the Bath Yea although this be very volatile yet that it doth not suddenly take wing is hence evident because after three hours time that the water had been heated when I got up I dipt a Six-pence therein which it still guilded very readily 7. As to the artificial resemblance of Sulphur Baths by imitation of Nature First as to Hot-Baths that indeed we fall short in because its the work of Nature in the great Fermentation of Mineral juices in order to the production of Mineral concretes And seeing Art doth of necessity always petere principia from Nature and that those principles are seminal therefore not to be imitated by Art But inasmuch as all Fermentation amongst Minerals as we have formerly shew'd consists in the inward conflicts of Mineral Acids and Sulphurs and that according to the different assaults of the said Acids upon varieties of Sulphurs depend the specification or formal difference of Mineral Waters so in particular this Water being chiefly compos'd of a Sulphur wrought upon by an Acid and afterwards precipitated by another the resemblance by Art must be from the same sort of principles grounded upon the natural Thus what an Acid native or superinduc'd performs upon Mineral Sulphur in order to the making that Mineral Solution required for the natural composure of this Water The same will the Acidum of calx vive or of fixt Alcalies do suo modo to Common Brimstone or other Mineral Sulphurous Concretions as aforesaid And lastly As to the virtues hereof This Water being gradually heated as is said becomes a Bath whose Sulphur hereby first penetrates the better into our Fermental juices exciting them if languid through Hydropick Acids or spurious through Scorbutick Acids in the one by helping with other concurring Medicaments to remove obstructions from coagulated Acids in the other by precipitating altering and sweetening Scorbutick Acids the cause of pains and particular tumours 2. Hereby it the better reacheth to dint that Fermental Acor of the Gout impress'd upon the Synovia of the Joints so easily communicable to the adjacent Nerves hence is the reason why it s found so effectual for the Scurvey Gout c. viz. because these forenamed Diseases are chiefly determined and specificated by Acids coagulated upon different humours and parts For it s the Essential efficacy if I may
in vapors or steams insensibly till arrested by some particular bodies it settles and sticks thereto Thus the foresaid Author observed That walking about one day in the lower Bath at Baden and leaning over the Ballisters perceived that his Buttons and what else he wore that was Silver were all turned yellow of a fair Gold colour although he was at some distance from the Water whereupon he tryed this Experiment viz. of hanging money over the Bath at a foot distance or at a greater and found it coloured in a minutes time and that which was nearer in half a minute Next we are to consider how these Thermae or hot Baths differ amongst themselves which as we conceive chiefly proceeds from the difference and great variety of Sulphurs or Mineral Bodies wherein are wrapt up a diversity of Sulphurs through which they pass and with which they are impregnated together with some other mineral parts which they take in either at the place of Fermentation or afterwards in their passage For Sulphurs which we suppose to be chiefly concerned in all mineral Fermentations differ much amongst themselves common Brimstone being different from that of Antimony and that from the Sulphur of Vitriol Pyrites and other mineral Marcasites all which are yet different from Arsenical Sulphurs and from bituminous matters one sort or other of which are most what the predominant ingredient and mineral principle of these hot Baths Hence it is that some of these Sulphurous waters may with good success in order to the cure of some diseases be taken inwardly others not Those that may not are generally such whose Sulphurs are Antimonial Arsenical or Bituminous or at least border upon such minerals as are allyed thereto of which are the generality of hot Baths and in particular those of our own Nation of which the Sommerset-shire being the hottest are found altogether unfit for inward uses are not safely to be drunk inasmuch as they are impregnated as I conceive with antimonial or perhaps bituminous Sulphur or the Sulphur of some Pyrites or other Marcasite a kin to Antimony or Bitumen which lodgeth in the bowels of those great Mountains at the Foot or Center of which those hot Baths break forth for the acid which concurs necessarily as we shall shew afterwards to those Fermentations as an indispensible principle opens the body of those Sulphurs or detains them whilst in fieri in their crude nature and thereby renders them wholly noxious for inward use as we could further illustrate but that we hast Nor is Buxton Bath in Darby-shire from the same cause although in a remiss degree fit for taking inwardly inasmuch as that according to all probability partakes of a bituminous Sulphur and that I gather from the plenty of a bituminous or oylie substance got out of the very Clefts of the Stones in the Peake yea this bituminous or oylie matter is found in the very Pores Clefts and Cavites of the Stones themselves as was communicated to me from the judicious and my worthy Friend Mr. Jossop whose Father as he acquainted me got two Spoonfuls out of one crevice in a Stone which bituminous matter is lodg'd not only in those stones but also in a sort of light lithanthrax which rub'd being a smooth polite body is Electrical as I have found by trial which distilled yields an oyle and acid Spirit almost like that of Amber as the ingenious Mr. Fisher inform'd me he found by trial yea the same bitumen is imbib'd into a fungus matter which Dr. Lister supposeth and that very likely to be rotten wood long buried in the earth into which this oylie matter or bitumen hath sunk which keeps as I have found continually moist tho kept in a dry place I say it s very probable that the Sulphurous principle of Buxton Bath hath its determination from this sort of bitumen And as to those Sulphurous waters which may safely be taken inwardly are chiefly the Sulphur-well at Knarsbrough of which we shall further discourse in a Chapter by it self afterwards And as to the different degrees of heat in Baths may proceed either from the more remiss or intense Fermentation of mineral juices or from the different place of Fermentation as it may be deep within the bowels of the Earth or near the place of its Exit thus if the Fermentation happen to be far within the Earth and so remote from the place of Erruption that the Sulphur therice become much what precipitated or left in the colander or filter of Sand through which it passeth and the acidum thereby so dinted as to become very languid if at all perceptable in the Water and yet by reason of its closeness from the air may retain somewhat of its first conceived warmth of which sort are those Sulphur Baths near Villock in Carinthia which are gently warm as the learned Dr. Browne notes in his book of Travels as also as I suppose Buxton Bath in Darby-shire whilst in other parts of the earth the foresaid Fermentation may be strong both from the plenty of the two combating principles as also from their nearness to the place of breaking forth of which sort are those at Glass-Hitten Eisenbacke both not far from Schemnitz in Hungary where are silver mines also those of Stubn near Newsol in the same Countrey those at Baden in Austria and especially ours at the Bath in Sommerset-shire We say also that Fermentation of mineral juices is most necessarily requisite to the producing of all hot Baths and consequently all hot Baths depend thereon because hereby is made a comminution of Sulphurous or other bituminous juices which thence become communicable to and dissolvable in ordinary spring-water for hereby the Sulphur is sever'd into volatile parts easily permeating the body of water The paralel of what is produced by Fermentation in vegitables to what is performed by the same amongst mineral juices in order to the making hot Baths is not inconsiderable whether we look at the agents or at Fermentation its self or lastly at the effects as to the agents which here are requisite to perform mineral Fermentations we shall demonstrate afterwards to be no other then mineral acids and mineral Sulphurs intoris mineralibus That also Acids and Sulphurs to wit of their own kind are the true agents in the performing all vegitable Fermentations we may elsewhere ex instituto discourse as to Fermentation it self which whether in minerals or vegitables is nothing else but an intestine motion of the essential constituent principles of Acidum and Sulphur which is in a more remiss or intense degree and the heat consequently more or less according to the slower or more brisk on-sets and inward struglings of those combitant principles Lastly the paralel will hold good in the effects of Fermentation Thus as the effects of the sensible Fermentation in all vegitable Fermentative Liquors is the comminution and volatization of their Sulphurs as that what before such sensible Fermentation was separable in the form of an
other Apporrhea the Sulphurous especially the Acido-Nitro-Sulphurous are not the least which mustering in long-droughts when the Clouds ride high being born up at those seasons by a stronger elasticity of the Air upheld by strong and long Colums thereof and one Cloud being higher then another by its own weight and wanting stress of Air to bear it up falls upon the subsiding which by the sudden percussion of the Air makes that explosive motion or crack we call Thunder together with a rushing wind which usually attends those Thunder-claps which is nothing else but a pressure of Air circulating from the coincidence of the two Clouds Now by the sudden allision of the foresaid Clouds upon the Acido-Nitro-Sulphurous-complications floating in the Atmosphere as aforesaid heightens them into a quick vibration and momentary flagration we call Lightening which although it be done in the very same moment with the crack as proceeding both from the same causes with different respects yet because luminous percussions do more quickly make their transits through the medium therefore it is sooner seen then the other heard as might further be illustrated if I would now insist upon it So that Lightening owes its causes to the sudden percussions or attritions of the Acido-Nitro-Sulphurous apporrhea in the Air made by the sudden falling of one Cloud upon another which we cannot better represent by similitude to our understanding then by the observation of a sudden flash of Fire or Light struck from the allision of a Flint and Steel For the thin Acido-Nitro-Sulphurous textures are in that part as well as in others of the Atmosphere which is comprehended betwixt two Clouds and the percussion of the Air as also of those foresaid minute effluvia wheeling in the Air make them to appear in a sudden flash as happens from the foresaid allision of Flints and Steel Not here to insist upon the reasons why according to our Hypothesis Lightening is sometimes so penetratively powerful as to kill men or other animals without the least appearance of any bones broke or breach of skin How so piercing and liquifactive a caustick as to melt a Sword in the Scabbath which sometimes has been known while the Scabbath it self has remain'd safe Why it comes with such force and fury as sometimes to tear up by the Roots the strongest Oaks and other Trees of mighty bulk and other-while breaks and splits the bodies of huge Trees throws down Houses overturns Wind-Mills and causeth other the like Catastraphies dismal and frightful to behold witness amongst the rest the late sad and dreadful calamity which happened from Lightening and Thunder the last year in several Citties in Holland but chiefly in Vtrecht which although that and the like be Judgements from GOD yet are not without their natural causes And from the foresaid Acido-Sulphurous effluvia passing through the Sea and sometimes gliding upon the surface thereof happens those sudden flashes of Fire or Light taken notice of by some Sea-men by them seen in Storms upon the Sea shining in the Night like Fire being struck up by sudden percussions betwixt Air and Water from the furiousness of Storms whose corruscation is observ'd in more plenty during the collisions of Clouds Winds and Seas whence Storms and Tempests then at any other season The like may be said as to the causes of those luminous but narrow-siz'd Meteors which in great Storms at Sea are seen by Mariners to cleave to the Masts and Sterns of Ships anciently called Castor and Pollux by our Sea-Men Corpus-ants in both which the foresaid apporrhea whether floating in the Sea or Air conterminous to the Sea being agitated the one into a Fermentative flagration or thin-woven flame the other into a figur'd Meteor in both I say the foresaid Acido-Sulphurous effluvium is struck up into a luminous flame by the fore-nam'd attritions and percussions Which last I mean the Corpus-ants are very probably as my ingenious Friend J. R. well observes the very same Meteor upon the Land we call ignis fatuus which seemeth to run before people and is sometimes in Storms seen to cleave to Horses Maines which I say is very likely to be carryed by Storms ashore to inland places and that too at remote distances from the Sea which ignis fatuus or noctivagus is observ'd in greater plenty in or upon Storms and more rare in a clear and serene Skie And lastly to name no more we may reckon that sort of Light to be from the same causes with that of Meteors which my foresaid ingenuous Friend whose unsuspected veracity in matter of fact is sufficiently obliging to me to be credulous of his relation has observ'd to appear in dark Nights upon walking on the Sea-shore in every impression of his Foot upon the lifting up his Heel he espied a Light or sparkling brightness with which being surpriz'd and desirous to know what and whence it was fetch'd a Lanthorn and Candle took up in his hand some of that matter which gave the Light which he found to be a mucid matter fere instar pituitae and that he had often seen this matter which was a pellucid recrement cast off upon the Shore from a boyling Sea aestuating with Storms So that it should seem as if by the percussions and attritions betwixt Wind and Seas made by Storms upon the mutual collisions of the aforesaid principles or effluvia whether in Water or Atmosphere or both not onely the foresaid sudden appearances of Meteors happen but also by the estuating of the Seas a mucilaginous matter is ingendred wherein as a sperme those forenamed luminous effluvia I mean such as are struck up by percussion and attrition fix themselves which sometimes is hovering in the Air and cleaves to Masts or other parts of Ships other while is carryed off by Storms upon the Sea-Coasts and thence further in Land gives those appearances of ignis fatuus and the like and sometimes or in part is rejected upon the Shore and gives cause for that foresaid Phoenomenon of Light in the impressions or footings upon the Sands after Storms are over and may contribute to the making some sorts of Fish upon their putrefactive resolutions give that usual appearance of Light according to the account we have given thereof above We might here take an occasion of insisting upon other sorts of Meteors as Mill-dews Blastings c. all which proceed from the same Acido-sulphurous effluvia floating in the Atmosphere and struck up by the mutual attritions and collisions of winds clouds and the like being carryed in certain Channels or Peroledi of the Air to the producing their usual effects but shall now wave any further discourse thereof CHAP. XIV NExt to which we come to enquire into the reasons of Light from precious stones of which there are three sorts which will give light first such as shew their native lustre by shining in the dark without any previous excitation of which sort are native Carbuneles Secondly Such as need a
length it passeth through an Alom-bed whose acidity precipitates in great part the body of the dissolv'd Sulphur in which very precipitation happens its fatid smell and Sulphurous hogo which onely passing through a slender Colander of Sand retains its lately contracted odour where it filters off from the more gross precipitated body and so makes its exit Which gives great probability of heat in the source of its original mixture and that if the Spring did immediately after that Solution and Fermentation break forth it would be hot at least warm after the manner of other Hot-Baths but being carryed on in a longer line in its subterraneal current before it breaks forth looseth that heat contracted upon the Fermentation of the aforesaid mineral juices And this is likewise remarkable concerning Alom interested in the fabrick of this water viz. that I have as often as I pleas'd to make the experiment taken some of the succulent Alom slate or stone found close by the Well which has had the Salt discernably extraverted which when I scrap'd into simple water would with Galls forthwith strike a deep Purple after the manner which the succulent Alom-stone doth which is got upon the Scarbrough Bank near that Spaw about which our great controversie concerning that waters being aluminous and not vitriolin did chiefly depend which experiment I have several times shewed to persons no less ingenious then inquisitive I also order'd an infusion to be made of some of the same Alom-stones in above a Gallon of fresh water then to be evaporated to about half a Pint which filtred I evaporated further in Balnco M. to try if it would shoot per se but it would not onely came to a soft sort of matter or mellago 3. As to the third thing propounded viz. the difference betwixt this and other natural Hot-Baths in their original principles and primary causes We think that from what has already been said and especially what yet remains to be discours'd of in the next and other succeeding proposals that the difference of these from other Sulphurous waters both as to their origin and virtues will sufficiently be declared And that Sulphur of one sort or other is chiefly concern'd in the fabrick of all Hot-Baths and other Sulphurous waters compleating with other concurring juices the essence of them both 4. As to the fourth proposal viz. how and by what means the Sulphur as the chief mineral ingredient in this water is so opened as to become not onely so subtile as thence to be solvable odore tenus but also so volatile as to pass off in a continual steam and insensible effluvium For the great query is how Sulphur may be so opened as to make the Sulphur-well and other Sulphurous waters of the like nature While I was therefore seriously ruminating upon this matter viz. what it was that might truly be said to open the body of crude Sulphur whether it was an Acid or an Alcali I began to consider how many ways and by what means it was usually so opened as to make a solution in any Liquor First I considered it was solvable for the most part in all Oyles by the help of Fire and that I imagin'd happened from the analogy of parts betwixt Oyles and Sulphurs both of them being chiefly Sulphurs under a disguise the one in a concrete the other in a liquid form both of them also in their bellies hiding their intrinsick Acids the Oylie or Sulphurous parts of both by Fire melting together in the fluid form of a Balsome while the acidum chiefly of the Sulphur being thereby in part separated doth concrescere into a saline form under the appearance of crystals as is obvious in the preparing the Balsome of mineral Sulphur or Brimstone And as vinous Spirits are vegetable Sulphurs comminuted and subtiliz'd by Fermentation so these are also succedaneous to Oyles in the solutions of Brimstone yet need previous preparations by fixt Alcalies as they are called for being so spiritualiz'd are not such apt menstrua for solutions of crude Minerals as Oyles are although either of them are powerful enough for making very strong and furious Fermentations with the aforesaid mineral Sulphurs once by their congenial Acids brought by help of Fire into a fluor in the form of corrosive menstrua witness the high ebullitions betwixt vinous Spirits or Oyles and Spirit of Nitre Aqua-fortis Oyle of Vitriol c. some of them so very furious in their Fermentation as to arise to an actual flagration as we elsewhere demonstrate So that crude Sulphurs unopened by the acuations of the acidum of Fire which also sharpen the implanted Acids of such Minerals do dissolve quietly without any tumult if done leasurely and melt together into one Balsamick Liquor though if hastily done with a pretty smart Fire they make a crackling noise whereas the foresaid mineral Sulphurs being subtiliz'd by their own Acidâ— fortified by the acidum of Fire in their distillation are brought thereby into a fluor of both principles and if then mixed with the foresaid vegetable Sulphurs contract a furious Fermentation from the fresh collisions betwixt Acids and Sulphurs and if close shut up would break in pieces the strongest Vessels art could contrive And as the foresaid solutions of mineral Sulphurs are perform'd by Oyles and vinous Spirits from analogy of parts I considered whether other sorts of solutions of crude Brimstone or the like Sulphurous Minerals might not also be done by the like analogy and then I pondered upon the alterations made upon Brimstone c. by fixt alcalies which how properly call'd we shew in our Halologia and quick-lime and by well weighing the matter found that as Brimstone was dissolvable in Oyle and Spirit of Wine as aforesaid so fixt alcalies work upon Sulphurs no otherwise then as they are acido-sulphurous Salts For I considered that volatile Alcalies such as are all urinous Spirits work not at all upon not cause any alteration in Sulphurs therefore it must needs follow that wherein fixt and volatile alcalies do agree or in that property which is common to them both I mean their precipitating faculty neither of them is concern'd in the solutions of Brimstone and that is common both to fixt and volatile Alcalies to precipitate what Acids have dissolv'd Now the reason why urinous Spirits I mean volatile Alcalies as they are call d do not at all work upon Brimstone is because they contain so very slender a texture of Acids and no Sulphurs if highly rectified and therefore are incapable by analogy of working upon the aforesaid bodies how fixt Alcalies are a new compage of their own native Acids and Sulphurs together with the intertexture of urinous Spirits from whence proceeds its precipitating faculty all bound up by the acidum of the Fire which is their vinculum and not a simple Salt we elsewhere in our History of Tartar declare more at large While I was pondering upon this matter at length methought I espyed a great harmony in
Bread or other such Food CHAP. VIII NOw that there is some gentle warmth in all vegetable Fermentations undiscernable to our senses is apparent because the same principles of Fermentation being invigorated in their brisk intestine duellings may become sensibly hot witness the heat of steep'd Barley laid on a heap in order to Maltin which if neglected for want of turning and ventilation by Air will become so hot as one cannot induce his hand long in it Yea and from the same principles yet heightned in their inward Collisions may an actual burning Fire be produced Witness Corn wet laid in heaps in Chambers if neglected will take Fire Also Mows of Corn laid up too moist and close have been Fired So likewise a Rick of Hay is sometimes burnt to Ashes from the violent and furious Fermentations of its principles and that from its moistness and closeness setting its principles of Acids and Sulphur into a violent motion so as to break forth into aciual Flame Not to say here how Acids are sweetened by Sulphurs and sometimes coagulate into a neutral body For although all Fermentation is certainly at least according to our Hypothesis caus d from the Collisions and inward combatings of Acids and Sulphurs in the production of things yet as Acids amongst bodies as I have before and may more largely hereafter shew differ amongst themselves so they make different assaults and are variously reacted by Sulphurs whence both by their mutual actions undergo various changes and different modifications amongst bodies in their transformations And as some Acids ferment with their Sulphurs in an inward wrestling the Sulphurs afterwards as they predominate upon the wheel of operation softening sweetening and ripening their Acids making gentle coagulations in their naturations both amongst animals vegitables yea and Minerals too although more obvious in the two former so likewise some Sulphurs ferment with some Acids while with others they combine in a natural texture to confirm which we shall onely because in hast give this single mechanical example which shall be in Mercury or Quick-silver to which if a Spirit of Nitre or Aqua fortis be added the mixture presently ferments from the collision of the Sulphur in the Mercury and the Acids in the Menstruum whereby the compage there is broken from the intimate commixture of the Sulphur with its Mercurial parts whence a solution of the whole But if in lieu of that corrosive Menstruum the dry Salts of which that Menstruum by a colliquating fluor with their inbred Sulphurs by Fire is made be mixed and sublimed together there happens no Fermentation but arise in a corrosive sublimate to which if such a due proportion of fresh Mercury be added and re-sublim'd they coagulate and sweeten each other into a solid concretion of a neutral texture which is that trite preparation we call Mercurius dulcis in which the acid Salts of Vitriol and common Salt is so dulcified by their interweavings with the Sulphur of the Quick-silver as that it will not coagulate Milk and so becomes being well prepared a very harmless and innocent Medicine whilst the same sublimate thus sweetened by the Sulphur of its Mercury freshly added if therewith Antimony in lieu of Quick-silver be mixed the same acid Salts meeting with a different Sulphur in Antimony then in Mercury falls into a colliquation and fretting Fermentation causing a great heat and becomes a strong corrosive And as from the difference of Acids amongst themselves and their various assaults upon their Sulphurs cause various changes in the geuesis and transformations of Bodies both in the texture of Liquors and the concretions of Bodies So from various modes of aggression of our principles justleing differently according to various applications are produc'd varieties of effects which are discoverable from the difference of Spirits thence separable which in some at least upon rectification smite our Organs of sense with great variety as will appear these following ways Thus First If the principles are set awork in the seminals of things in a generative way as suppose in Vegetation here the principles by an evolution expand themselves in a slow but genuine Fermentation whose effects I mean their Spirits most what guise themselves in the minute effiuvia of odours especially in odorous Plants and that chiefly in the opening of the Flower though in many through the whole plant when the Sulphur is by circulation as I may say so subliliz'd by its connate acid as to pass off in a subtile Steam for hereby the acid not onely strikes the colour according to the varieties of Acids acting upon their proper Sulphur but also causeth an expansion and emanation of subtile parts Secondly If this Fermentative Vegetation be carryed on to the maturation of Fruits and in their Juices the foresaid principles be again set awork they then make different assaults combining in other manner of collisions then before as is evident from the vinous Spirits thence easily separable which partake much of the volatiz'd Sulphur Thirdly Thus if during Fermentation any quantity of a plant suppose Wormwood Mugwort Tansey c. should be gathered and laid together in heaps Here the principles make new and different collisions then before making retrograde motions which tend to a putredness of the Plants the product of which Fermentation is a volatile Vrinous Spirit as appears by Distillation thereof which is so strong in some Plants as that it doth very discernable ferire nares as I have felt in the Glastum or Wood prepared by that artifice of putrefactive Fermentation yea the workers thereof told me that when after a previous preparation by Grinding and exposing to the Air in Cakes they are laid in heaps the Fermentation is so very strong as the Vrinous Spirits thence issuing are searce tolerable to those that are near it which last named Spirits are as much a product of that sort of Fermentation as the two former are of theirs and therefore as we are not to guess at the quantity of vinous Spirts separable by that Fermentation peculiar to those Fermental juices as if pre-existent nor of Odours in Plants as aforehand in their minute seedlings before the openings of those powers by their own vegitative Fermentation so neither indeed ought we to esteem those vinous Spirits pre-existent in the Plants before putrefaction And as the different modes of the principles aggressions and collisions cause various sorts of Fermentations and different kinds of Spirits thence separable in the Vegital so likewise with some variation they do the like in the animal Family I mean that according to the viâ—ious methods of the principles mutual 〈◊〉 different sorts of Spirits thence result thus from the intestine struglings betwixt the native Acidum of the Stomack and the Sulphur in the Food begun in the Stomack carried on by the intermediate Ferments and compieated in the blood are produced those sorts of Spirits we call animal Thus from the same principles acting upon each other in a