of_o this_o evocation_n and_o swell_v and_o such_o as_o agree_v with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o phaenomena_n of_o heat_n may_v be_v think_v to_o have_v give_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n it_o have_v be_v show_v in_o the_o 5_o article_n of_o the_o 21_o chapter_n that_o the_o fluid_fw-la medium_fw-la which_o we_o call_v the_o air_n be_v so_o move_v by_o the_o simple_a circular_a motion_n of_o the_o sun_n as_o that_o all_o its_o part_n even_o the_o least_o do_v perpetual_o change_v place_n with_o one_o another_o which_o change_n of_o place_n be_v that_o which_o there_o i_o call_v fermentation_n from_o this_o fermentation_n of_o the_o air_n i_o have_v in_o the_o 8_o article_n of_o the_o last_o chapter_n demonstrate_v that_o the_o water_n may_v be_v draw_v up_o into_o the_o cloud_n and_o i_o shall_v now_o show_v that_o the_o fluid_a part_n may_v in_o like_a manner_n by_o the_o same_o fermentation_n be_v draw_v out_o from_o the_o internal_a to_o the_o external_a part_n of_o our_o body_n for_o see_v that_o wheresoever_o the_o fluid_fw-la medium_fw-la be_v contiguous_a to_o the_o body_n of_o any_o live_a creature_n there_o the_o part_n of_o that_o medium_fw-la be_v by_o perpetual_a change_n of_o place_n separate_v from_o one_o another_o the_o contiguous_a part_n of_o the_o live_a creature_n must_v of_o necessity_n endeavour_v to_o enter_v into_o the_o space_n of_o the_o separate_a part_n for_o otherwise_o those_o part_n suppose_v there_o be_v no_o vacuum_n will_v have_v no_o place_n to_o go_v into_o and_o therefore_o that_o which_o be_v most_o fluid_a and_o separable_a in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o live_a creature_n which_o be_v contiguous_a to_o the_o medium_fw-la will_v go_v first_o out_o and_o into_o the_o place_n thereof_o will_v succeed_v such_o other_o part_n as_o can_v most_o easy_o transpire_v through_o the_o poâ—es_n of_o the_o skin_n and_o from_o hence_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o part_n which_o be_v not_o separate_v must_v all_o together_o be_v move_v outward_o for_o the_o keep_n of_o all_o place_n full_a but_o this_o motion_n outward_o of_o all_o part_n together_o must_v of_o necessity_n press_v those_o part_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la aire_n which_o be_v ready_a to_o leave_v their_o place_n and_o therefore_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o body_n endeavour_v at_o once_o that_o way_n make_v the_o body_n swell_v wherefore_o a_o possible_a cause_n be_v give_v of_o heat_n from_o the_o sun_n which_o be_v to_o be_v do_v 4_o we_o have_v now_o see_v how_o light_n and_o heat_n be_v generate_v heat_v by_o the_o simple_a motion_n of_o the_o medium_fw-la make_v the_o part_n perpetual_o change_v place_n with_o one_o another_o and_o light_n by_o this_o that_o by_o the_o same_o simple_a motion_n action_n be_v propagate_v in_o a_o straight_a line_n but_o when_o a_o body_n have_v its_o part_n so_o move_v that_o it_o sensible_o both_o heat_n and_o shine_v at_o the_o same_o time_n than_o it_o be_v that_o we_o say_v fire_n be_v generate_v now_o by_o fire_n i_o do_v not_o understand_v a_o body_n distinct_a from_o matter_n combustible_a or_o glow_a as_o wood_n or_o iron_n but_o the_o matter_n itself_o not_o simple_o and_o always_o but_o then_o only_o when_o it_o shine_v and_o heat_v he_o therefore_o that_o render_v a_o cause_n possible_a and_o agreeable_a to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o phaenomena_n namely_o whence_o and_o from_o what_o action_n both_o the_o shine_v and_o heat_n proceed_v may_v be_v think_v to_o have_v give_v a_o possible_a cause_n of_o the_o generation_n of_o fire_n let_v therefore_o abc_n in_o the_o first_o figure_n be_v a_o sphere_n or_o the_o portion_n of_o a_o sphere_n who_o centre_n be_v d_o and_o let_v it_o be_v transparent_a and_o homogeneous_a as_o crystal_n glass_n or_o water_n and_o object_v to_o the_o sun_n wherefore_o the_o foremost_a part_n abc_n will_v by_o the_o simple_a motion_n of_o the_o sun_n by_o which_o it_o thrust_v forward_o the_o medium_fw-la be_v wrought_v upon_o by_o the_o sunbeam_n in_o the_o straight_a line_n ea_fw-la fb_fw-la and_o gc_fw-la which_o straight_o line_n may_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o great_a distance_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v take_v for_o parallel_n and_o see_v the_o medium_fw-la within_o the_o sphere_n be_v thick_a than_o the_o medium_fw-la without_o it_o those_o beam_n will_v be_v refract_v towards_o their_o perpendicular_o let_v the_o straight_a line_n ea_z and_o gc_fw-la be_v produce_v till_o they_o cut_v the_o sphere_n in_o h_n and_o i_o and_o draw_v the_o perpendicular_n ad_fw-la and_o cd_o the_o refracted_a beam_n ea_z and_o gc_fw-la will_v of_o necessity_n fall_v the_o one_o between_o ah_o and_o ad_fw-la the_o other_o between_o ci_o and_o cd_o let_v those_o refracted_a beam_n be_v ak_a and_o cl._n and_o again_o let_v the_o line_n dkm_n &_o dln_n be_v draw_v perpendicular_a to_o the_o sphere_n and_o let_v ak_a and_o cl_n be_v produce_v till_o they_o meet_v with_o the_o straight_a line_n bd_o produce_v in_o o._n see_v therefore_o the_o medium_fw-la within_o the_o sphere_n be_v thick_a than_o that_o without_o it_o the_o refracted_a line_n ak_v will_v recede_v further_o from_o the_o perpendicular_a km_n then_o quoth_fw-mi will_v recede_v from_o the_o same_o wherefore_o quoth_fw-mi will_n fall_n between_o the_o refracted_a line_n and_o the_o perpendicular_a let_v therefore_o the_o refracted_a line_n be_v kp_n cut_a foe_n in_o p_o and_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n the_o straight_a line_n lp_n will_v be_v the_o refracted_a line_n of_o the_o straight_a line_n cl._n wherefore_o see_v the_o beam_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o way_n in_o which_o the_o motion_n be_v propagate_v the_o motion_n about_o p_o will_v be_v so_o much_o more_o vehement_a than_o the_o motion_n about_o abc_n by_o how_o much_o the_o base_a of_o the_o portion_n abc_n be_v great_a than_o the_o base_a of_o a_o like_a portion_n in_o the_o sphere_n who_o centre_n be_v p_o and_o who_o magnitude_n be_v equal_a to_o that_o of_o the_o little_a circle_n about_o p_o which_o comprehend_v all_o the_o beam_n that_o be_v propagate_v from_o abc_n and_o this_o sphere_n be_v much_o less_o than_o the_o sphere_n abc_n the_o part_n of_o the_o medium_fw-la that_o be_v of_o the_o air_n about_o p_o will_v change_v place_n with_o one_o another_o with_o much_o great_a celerity_n than_o those_o about_o abc_n if_o therefore_o any_o matter_n combustible_a that_o be_v to_o say_v such_o as_o may_v be_v easy_o dissipate_v be_v place_v in_o p_o the_o part_n of_o that_o matter_n if_o the_o proportion_n be_v great_a enough_o between_o ac_fw-la and_o a_o like_a portion_n of_o the_o little_a circle_n about_o p_o will_v be_v free_v from_o their_o mutual_a cohaesion_n and_o be_v separate_v will_v acquire_v simple_a motion_n but_o vehement_a simple_a motion_n generate_v in_o the_o beholder_n a_o phantasm_n of_o lucid_n and_o hot_a as_o i_o have_v before_o demonstrate_v of_o the_o simple_a motion_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o therefore_o the_o combustible_a matter_n which_o be_v place_v in_o p_o will_v be_v make_v lucid_n and_o hot_a that_o be_v to_o say_v will_v be_v fire_n wherefore_o i_o have_v render_v a_o possible_a cause_n of_o fire_n which_o be_v to_o be_v do_v 5_o from_o the_o manner_n by_o which_o the_o sun_n generate_v fire_n it_o be_v easy_a to_o explain_v the_o manner_n by_o which_o fire_n may_v be_v generate_v by_o the_o collision_n of_o two_o flint_n for_o by_o that_o collision_n some_o of_o those_o particle_n of_o which_o the_o stone_n be_v compact_v be_v violent_o separate_v and_o throw_v off_o and_o be_v withal_o swift_o turn_v round_o the_o eye_n be_v move_v by_o they_o as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o generation_n of_o light_n by_o the_o sun_n wherefore_o they_o shine_v and_o fall_v upon_o matter_n which_o be_v already_o half_o dissipate_v such_o as_o be_v tinder_n they_o thorough_o dissipate_v the_o part_n thereof_o and_o make_v they_o turn_v round_o from_o whence_o as_o i_o have_v new_o show_v light_n and_o heat_n that_o be_v to_o say_v fire_n be_v generate_v 6_o the_o shine_a of_o glow-worm_n some_o kind_n of_o rot_a wood_n and_o of_o a_o kind_n of_o stone_n make_v at_o bolognia_n may_v have_v one_o common_a cause_n namely_o the_o expose_v of_o they_o to_o the_o hot_a sun_n we_o find_v by_o experience_n that_o the_o bolonian_a stone_n shine_v not_o unless_o it_o be_v so_o expose_v and_o after_o it_o have_v be_v expose_v it_o shine_v but_o for_o a_o little_a time_n namely_o as_o long_o as_o it_o retain_v a_o certain_a degree_n of_o heat_n and_o the_o cause_n may_v be_v that_o the_o part_n of_o which_o it_o be_v make_v may_v together_o with_o heat_n have_v simple_a motion_n imprint_v in_o they_o by_o the_o sun_n which_o if_o it_o be_v so_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o it_o shine_v in_o the_o dark_a as_o
alike_o and_o together_o with_o they_o and_o afterward_o meet_v with_o more_o body_n like_o themselves_o they_o will_v unite_v and_o become_v great_a body_n wherefore_o homogeneous_a body_n be_v congregat_v and_o heterogenous_a dissipate_v by_o simple_a motion_n in_o a_o medium_fw-la where_o they_o natural_o float_v again_o such_o as_o be_v in_o a_o fluid_fw-la medium_fw-la do_v not_o float_v but_o sink_v if_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o fluid_fw-la medium_fw-la be_v strong_a enough_o will_v be_v stir_v up_o and_o carry_v away_o by_o that_o motion_n and_o consequent_o they_o will_v be_v hinder_v from_o return_v to_o that_o place_n to_o which_o they_o sink_v natural_o and_o in_o which_o only_o they_o will_v unite_v and_o out_o of_o which_o they_o be_v promiscuous_o carry_v that_o be_v they_o be_v disorderly_o mingle_v now_o this_o motion_n by_o which_o homogeneous_a body_n be_v congregat_v and_o heterogeneous_a be_v scatter_v be_v that_o which_o be_v common_o call_v fermentation_n from_o the_o latin_a fervere_fw-la as_o the_o greek_n have_v their_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o signify_v the_o same_o from_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d ferveo_fw-la for_o seething_n make_v all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o water_n change_v their_o place_n and_o the_o part_n of_o any_o thing_n that_o be_v throw_v into_o it_o will_v go_v several_a way_n according_a to_o their_o several_a nature_n and_o yet_o all_o fervour_n or_o seething_n be_v not_o cause_v by_o fire_n for_o new_a wine_n and_o many_o other_o thing_n have_v also_o their_o fermentation_n and_o fervour_n to_o which_o fire_n contribute_v little_a and_o some_o time_n nothing_o but_o when_o in_o fermentation_n we_o find_v heat_n it_o be_v make_v by_o the_o fermentation_n 6_o four_o in_o what_o time_n soever_o the_o movent_fw-la who_o centre_n be_v a_o in_o the_o 2d_o figure_n move_v in_o kln_n shall_v by_o any_o number_n of_o revolution_n that_o be_v when_o the_o perimeter_n by_o and_o kln_v be_v commensurable_a have_v describe_v a_o line_n equal_a to_o the_o circle_n which_o pass_v through_o the_o point_n b_o an_o i_o in_o the_o same_o time_n all_o the_o point_n of_o the_o float_a body_n who_o centre_n be_v b_o shall_v return_v to_o have_v the_o same_o situation_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o movent_fw-la from_o which_o they_o depart_v for_o see_v it_o be_v as_o the_o distance_n basilius_n that_o be_v as_o the_o radius_fw-la of_o the_o circle_n which_o pass_v through_o by_o be_v to_o the_o perimeter_n itself_o by_o so_o the_o radius_fw-la of_o the_o circle_n kln_n be_v to_o the_o perimeter_n kln_n and_o see_v the_o velocity_n of_o the_o point_n b_o and_o k_o be_v equal_a the_o time_n also_o of_o the_o revolution_n in_o ib_n to_o the_o time_n of_o one_o revolution_n in_o kln_n will_v be_v as_o the_o perimeter_n by_o to_o the_o perimeter_n kln_n and_o therefore_o so_o many_o revolution_n in_o kln_n as_o together_o take_v be_v equal_a to_o the_o perimeter_n by_o will_v be_v finish_v in_o the_o same_o time_n in_o which_o the_o whole_a perimeter_n by_o be_v finish_v &_o therefore_o also_o the_o point_n l_o n_o f_o &_o h_n or_o any_o of_o the_o rest_n will_v in_o the_o same_o time_n return_v to_o the_o same_o situation_n from_o which_o they_o depart_v and_o this_o may_v be_v demonstrate_v whatsoever_o be_v the_o point_v consider_v wherefore_o all_o the_o point_n shall_v in_o that_o time_n return_v to_o the_o same_o situation_n which_o be_v to_o be_v prove_v from_o hence_o it_o follow_v that_o if_o the_o perimeter_n by_o and_o lkn_o be_v not_o commensurable_a than_o all_o the_o point_n will_v never_o return_v to_o have_v the_o same_o situation_n or_o configuration_n in_o respect_n of_o one_o another_o 7_o in_o simple_a motion_n if_o the_o body_n move_v be_v of_o a_o spherical_a figure_n it_o have_v less_o force_n towards_o its_o pole_n then_o towards_o its_o middle_n to_o dissipate_v heterogeneous_a or_o to_o congregate_v homogeneous_a body_n let_v there_o be_v a_o sphere_n as_o in_o the_o three_o figure_n who_o centre_n be_v a_o and_o diameter_n bc_n &_o let_v it_o be_v conceive_v to_o be_v move_v with_o simple_a circular_a motion_n of_o which_o motion_n let_v the_o axis_n be_v the_o straight_a line_n de_fw-fr cut_v the_o diameter_n bc_n at_o right_a angle_n in_o a._n let_v now_o the_o circle_n which_o be_v describe_v by_o any_o point_n b_o of_o the_o sphere_n have_v bf_n for_o its_o diameter_n and_o take_v fg_v equal_a to_o bc_n and_o divide_v it_o in_o the_o middle_n in_o h_n the_o centre_n of_o the_o sphere_n a_o will_v when_o half_o a_o revolution_n be_v finish_v lie_v in_o h._n and_o see_v hf_n and_o ab_fw-la be_v equal_a a_o circle_n describe_v upon_o the_o centre_n h_n with_o the_o radius_fw-la hf_n or_o hg_n will_v be_v equal_a to_o the_o circle_n who_o centre_n be_v a_o and_o radius_fw-la ab_fw-la and_o if_o the_o same_o motion_n be_v continue_v the_o point_n b_o will_n at_o the_o end_n of_o another_o half_a revolution_n return_v to_o the_o place_n from_o whence_o it_o begin_v to_o be_v move_v and_o therefore_o at_o the_o end_n of_o half_a a_o revolution_n the_o point_n b_o will_v be_v carry_v to_o f_o and_o the_o whole_a hemisphere_n dbe_n into_o that_o hemisphere_n in_o which_o be_v the_o point_n l_o k_o and_o f._n wherefore_o that_o part_n of_o the_o fluid_fw-la medium_fw-la which_o be_v contiguous_a to_o the_o point_n f_o will_v in_o the_o same_o time_n go_v back_o the_o length_n of_o the_o straight_a line_n bf_n and_o in_o the_o return_n of_o the_o point_n f_o to_o b_o that_o be_v of_o g_z to_z c_z the_o fluid_fw-la medium_fw-la will_v go_v back_o as_o much_o in_o a_o straight_a line_n from_o the_o point_n c._n and_o this_o be_v the_o effect_n of_o simple_a motion_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o sphere_n where_o the_o distance_n from_o the_o pole_n be_v great_a let_v now_o the_o point_n i_o be_v take_v in_o the_o same_o sphere_n near_o to_o the_o pole_n e_o and_o through_o it_o let_v the_o straight_a line_n ik_fw-mi be_v draw_v parallel_n to_o the_o straight_a line_n bf_n cut_v the_o arch_n fl_fw-mi in_o k_o &_o the_o axis_n hl_n in_o m_n then_o connect_v hk_n upon_o hf_n let_v the_o perpendicular_a kn_n be_v draw_v in_o the_o same_o time_n therefore_o that_o b_o comes_z to_z f_o the_o point_n i_o will_v come_v to_o k_o bf_n and_o ik_fw-mi being_n equal_a and_o describe_v with_o the_o same_o velocity_n now_o the_o motion_n in_o ik_fw-mi to_o the_o fluid_fw-la medium_fw-la upon_o which_o it_o work_v namely_o to_o that_o part_n of_o the_o medium_fw-la which_o be_v contiguous_a to_o the_o point_n k_o be_v oblique_a whereas_o if_o it_o proceed_v in_o the_o straight_a line_n hk_n it_o will_v be_v perpendicular_a and_o therefore_o the_o motion_n which_o proceed_v in_o ik_fw-mi have_v less_o power_n then_o that_o which_o proceed_v in_o hk_n with_o the_o same_o velocity_n but_o the_o motion_n in_o hk_n and_o hf_n do_v equal_o thrust_v back_o the_o medium_fw-la and_o therefore_o the_o part_n of_o the_o sphere_n at_o k_o move_v the_o medium_fw-la less_o than_o the_o part_n at_o f_o namely_o so_o much_o less_o as_o kn_n be_v less_o than_o hf._n wherefore_o also_o the_o same_o motion_n have_v less_o power_n to_o disperse_v heterogeneous_a and_o to_o congregate_v homogeneous_a body_n when_o it_o be_v near_o than_o when_o it_o be_v more_o remote_a from_o the_o pole_n which_o be_v to_o be_v prove_v corollary_n it_o be_v also_o necessary_a that_o in_o plain_n which_o be_v perpendicular_a to_o the_o axis_n and_o more_o remote_a than_o the_o pole_n itself_o from_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o sphere_n this_o simple_a motion_n have_v no_o effect_n for_o the_o axis_n de_fw-fr with_o simple_a motion_n describe_v the_o superficies_n of_o a_o cylinder_n and_o towards_o the_o base_n of_o the_o cylinder_n there_o be_v in_o this_o motion_n no_o endeavour_n at_o all_o 8_o if_o in_o a_o fluid_fw-la medium_fw-la move_v about_o as_o have_v be_v say_v with_o simple_a motion_n there_o be_v conceive_v to_o float_v some_o other_o spherical_a body_n which_o be_v not_o fluid_a the_o part_n of_o the_o medium_fw-la which_o be_v stop_v by_o that_o body_n will_v endeavour_v to_o spread_v themselves_o every_o way_n upon_o the_o superficies_n of_o it_o and_o this_o be_v manifest_a enough_o by_o experience_n namely_o by_o the_o spread_a of_o water_n pour_v out_o upon_o a_o pavement_n but_o the_o reason_n of_o it_o may_v be_v this_o see_v the_o sphere_n a_o in_o the_o 3d_o figure_n be_v move_v towards_o b_o the_o medium_fw-la also_o in_o which_o it_o be_v move_v will_v have_v the_o same_o motion_n but_o because_o in_o this_o motion_n it_o fall_v upon_o a_o body_n not_o liquid_a as_o g_o so_o that_o it_o can_v go_v on_o and_o see_v the_o small_a part_n of_o the_o medium_fw-la can_v not_o go_v forward_o
will_v remain_v no_o cause_n at_o all_o why_o the_o water_n shall_v be_v force_v out_o wherefore_o the_o assertion_n of_o vacuum_n be_v repugnant_a to_o the_o very_a experiment_n which_o be_v here_o bring_v to_o establish_v it_o many_o other_o phaenomena_n be_v usual_o bring_v for_o vacuum_n as_o those_o of_o weather-glass_n aeolipile_n wind-gun_n etc._n etc._n which_o will_v all_o be_v very_o hard_a to_o be_v salve_v unless_o water_n be_v penetrable_a by_o air_n without_o the_o intermixture_n of_o empty_a space_n but_o now_o see_v air_n may_v with_o no_o great_a endeavour_n pass_v through_o not_o only_a water_n but_o any_o other_o fluid_a body_n though_o never_o so_o stubborn_a as_o quicksilver_n these_o phaenomena_n prove_v nothing_o nevertheless_o it_o may_v in_o reason_n be_v expect_v that_o he_o that_o will_v take_v away_o vacuum_n shall_v without_o vacuum_n show_v we_o such_o cause_n of_o these_o phaenomena_n as_o shall_v be_v at_o least_o of_o equal_a if_o not_o great_a probability_n this_o therefore_o shall_v be_v do_v in_o the_o follow_a discourse_n when_o i_o come_v to_o speak_v of_o these_o phaenomena_n in_o their_o proper_a place_n but_o first_o the_o most_o general_a hypothesis_n of_o natural_a philosophy_n be_v to_o be_v premise_v and_o see_v that_o supposition_n be_v put_v for_o the_o true_a cause_n of_o apparent_a effect_n every_o supposition_n except_o such_o as_o be_v absurd_a must_v of_o necessity_n consist_v of_o some_o suppose_a possible_a motion_n for_o rest_n can_v never_o be_v the_o essicient_a cause_n of_o any_o thing_n &_o motion_n suppose_v body_n movable_a of_o which_o there_o be_v three_o kind_n fluid_a consistent_a and_o mix_v of_o both_o fluid_fw-la be_v those_o who_o part_n may_v by_o very_o weak_a endeavonr_n be_v separate_v from_o one_o another_o and_o consistent_a those_o for_o the_o separation_n of_o who_o part_n great_a force_n be_v to_o be_v apply_v there_o be_v therefore_o degree_n of_o consistency_n which_o degree_n by_o comparison_n with_o more_o or_o less_o consistent_a have_v the_o name_n of_o hardness_n or_o softness_n wherefore_o a_o fluid_a body_n be_v always_o divisible_a into_o body_n equal_o fluid_a as_o quantity_n into_o quantity_n and_o soft_a body_n of_o whatsoever_o degree_n of_o softness_n into_o soft_a body_n of_o the_o same_o degree_n and_o though_o many_o man_n seem_v to_o conceive_v no_o other_o difference_n of_o fluidity_n but_o such_o as_o arise_v from_o the_o different_a magnitude_n of_o the_o part_n in_o which_o sense_n dust_n though_o of_o diamond_n may_v be_v call_v fluid_a yet_o i_o understand_v by_o fluidity_n that_o which_o be_v make_v such_o by_o nature_n equal_o in_o every_o part_n of_o the_o fluid_a body_n not_o as_o dust_n be_v fluid_a for_o so_o a_o house_n which_o be_v fall_v in_o piece_n may_v be_v call_v fluid_fw-la but_o in_o such_o manner_n as_o water_n seem_v fluid_a and_o to_o divide_v itself_o into_o part_n perpetual_o fluid_a and_o this_o be_v well_o understand_v i_o come_v to_o my_o supposition_n 5_o first_o therefore_o i_o suppose_v that_o the_o immense_a space_n which_o we_o call_v the_o world_n be_v the_o aggregate_v of_o all_o body_n which_o be_v either_o consistent_a &_o visible_a as_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o star_n or_o invisible_a as_o the_o small_a atom_n which_o be_v disseminated_a through_o the_o whole_a space_n between_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o star_n and_o last_o that_o most_o fluid_a aether_n which_o so_o fill_v all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o universe_n as_o that_o it_o leave_v in_o it_o no_o empty_a place_n at_o all_o second_o i_o suppose_v with_o copernicus_n that_o the_o great_a body_n of_o the_o world_n which_o be_v both_o consistent_a and_o permanent_a have_v such_o order_n among_o themselves_o as_o that_o the_o sun_n have_v the_o first_o place_n mercury_n the_o second_o venus_n the_o three_o the_o earth_n with_o the_o moon_n go_v about_o it_o the_o four_o mars_n the_o five_o jupiter_n with_o his_o attendant_n the_o six_o saturn_n the_o seven_o and_o after_o these_o the_o fix_a star_n have_v their_o several_a distance_n from_o the_o sun_n three_o i_o suppose_v that_o in_o the_o sun_n &_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o planet_n there_o be_v and_o always_o have_v be_v a_o simple_a circular_a motion_n four_o i_o suppose_v that_o in_o the_o body_n of_o the_o air_n there_o be_v certain_a other_o body_n intermingle_v which_o be_v not_o fluid_a but_o withal_o that_o they_o be_v so_o small_a that_o they_o be_v not_o preceptible_a by_o sense_n and_o that_o these_o also_o have_v their_o proper_a simple_a motion_n and_o be_v some_o of_o they_o more_o some_o less_o hard_a or_o consistent_a five_o i_o suppose_v with_o kepler_n that_o as_o the_o distance_n between_o the_o sun_n and_o the_o earth_n be_v to_o the_o distance_n between_o the_o moon_n and_o the_o earth_n so_o the_o distance_n between_o the_o moon_n and_o the_o earth_n be_v to_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o for_o the_o magnitude_n of_o the_o circle_n and_o the_o time_n in_o which_o they_o be_v describe_v by_o the_o body_n which_o be_v in_o they_o i_o will_v suppose_v they_o to_o be_v such_o as_o shall_v seem_v most_o agreeable_a to_o the_o phaenomena_n in_o question_n 6_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o different_a season_n of_o the_o year_n and_o of_o the_o several_a variation_n of_o day_n and_o night_n in_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n have_v be_v demonstrate_v first_o by_o copernicus_n and_o since_o by_o kepler_n galilaeus_fw-la and_o other_o from_o the_o supposition_n of_o the_o earth_n diurnal_a revolution_n about_o its_o own_o axis_n together_o with_o its_o annual_a motion_n about_o the_o sun_n in_o the_o ecliptic_a according_a to_o the_o order_n of_o the_o sign_n and_o three_o by_o the_o annual_a revolution_n of_o the_o same_o earth_n about_o its_o own_o centre_n contrary_a to_o the_o order_n of_o the_o sign_n i_o suppose_v with_o copernicus_n that_o the_o diurnal_a revolution_n be_v from_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o which_o the_o aequinoctial_a circle_n be_v describe_v about_o it_o and_o as_o for_o the_o other_o two_o annual_a motion_n they_o be_v the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v carry_v about_o in_o the_o ecliptic_a in_o such_o manner_n as_o that_o its_o axis_n be_v always_o keep_v parallel_n to_o itself_o which_o parallelisme_n be_v for_o this_o reason_n introduce_v lest_o by_o the_o earth_n annual_a revolution_n its_o pole_n shall_v seem_v to_o be_v necessary_o carry_v about_o the_o sun_n contrary_a to_o experience_n i_o have_v in_o the_o 10_o artic._n of_o the_o â—â—th_v chap._n demonstrate_v from_o the_o supposition_n of_o simple_a circular_a motion_n in_o the_o sun_n that_o the_o earth_n be_v so_o carry_v about_o the_o sun_n as_o that_o its_o axis_n be_v thereby_o keep_v always_o parallel_v to_o itself_o wherefore_o from_o these_o two_o suppose_a motion_n in_o the_o sun_n the_o one_o simple_a circular_a motion_n the_o other_o circular_a motion_n about_o it_o own_v centre_n it_o may_v be_v demonstrate_v that_o the_o year_n have_v both_o the_o same_o variation_n of_o day_n and_o night_n as_o have_v be_v demonstrate_v by_o copernicus_n for_o if_o the_o circle_n abcd_v in_o the_o 3d_o figure_n be_v the_o ecliptic_a who_o centre_n be_v e_o and_o diameter_n aec_fw-la and_o the_o earth_n be_v place_v in_o a_o &_o the_o sun_n be_v move_v in_o the_o little_a circle_n fghi_fw-la namely_o according_a to_o the_o order_n f_o g_o h_o &_o i_o it_o have_v be_v demonstrate_v that_o a_o body_n place_v in_o a_o will_v be_v move_v in_o the_o same_o order_n through_o the_o point_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a a_o b_o c_o &_o d_o and_o will_v always_o keep_v its_o axis_n parallel_n to_o its_o self_n but_o if_o as_o i_o have_v suppose_v the_o earth_n also_o be_v move_v with_o simple_a circular_a motion_n in_o a_o plain_a that_o pass_v through_o a_o cut_v the_o plain_a of_o the_o ecliptic_a so_o as_o that_o the_o common_a section_n of_o both_o the_o plain_n be_v in_o ac_fw-la thus_o also_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o earth_n will_v be_v keep_v always_o parallel_v to_o itself_o for_o let_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v move_v about_o in_o the_o circumference_n of_o the_o epicycle_n who_o diameter_n be_v lak_a which_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o straight_a line_n lac_fw-la therefore_o lak_a the_o diameter_n of_o the_o epicycle_n pass_v through_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n will_v be_v in_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o ecliptic_a wherefore_o see_v that_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o earth_n simple_a motion_n both_o in_o the_o ecliptic_a and_o in_o its_o epicycle_n the_o straight_a line_n lak_a be_v keep_v always_o parallel_v to_o itself_o every_o other_o straight_o line_n also_o take_v in_o the_o body_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o consequent_o its_o axis_n will_v in_o like_a manner_n be_v keep_v always_o parallel_v
conversion_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o which_o conversion_n all_o thing_n that_o adhere_v to_o its_o superficies_n be_v necessary_o carry_v about_o with_o it_o may_v be_v refer_v the_o three_o phaenomena_n concern_v the_o tide_n of_o the_o ocean_n whereof_o the_o first_o be_v the_o alternate_a elevation_n and_o depression_n of_o the_o water_n at_o the_o shore_n twice_o in_o the_o space_n of_o 24_o hour_n and_o near_o upon_o 52_o minute_n for_o so_o it_o have_v constant_o continue_v in_o all_o age_n the_o second_o that_o at_o the_o new_a and_o full_a moon_n the_o elevation_n of_o the_o water_n be_v great_a then_o at_o other_o time_n between_o and_o the_o three_o that_o when_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o the_o equinoctial_a they_o be_v yet_o great_a than_o at_o any_o other_o time_n for_o the_o salve_v of_o which_o phaenomena_n we_o have_v already_o the_o four_o abovementioned_a motion_n to_o which_o i_o assume_v also_o this_o that_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v call_v america_n be_v high_a than_o the_o water_n and_o extend_v almost_o the_o space_n of_o a_o whole_a semicircle_n from_o north_n to_o south_n give_v a_o stop_n to_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o water_n this_o be_v grant_v in_o the_o same_o four_o figure_n where_o l_o b_o k_o c_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v in_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o moon_n monthly_a motion_n let_v the_o little_a circle_n l_o d_o k_o e_o be_v describe_v about_o the_o same_o centre_n a_o in_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o equinoctial_a this_o circle_n therefore_o will_v decline_v from_o the_o circle_n l_o b_o k_o c_o in_o a_o angle_n of_o almost_o 28_o degree_n and_o ½_o for_o the_o great_a declination_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a be_v 23½_n to_o which_o add_v 5_o for_o the_o great_a declination_n of_o the_o moon_n from_o the_o ecliptic_a the_o sum_n will_v be_v 28_o degree_n and_o ½_o see_v now_o the_o water_n which_o be_v under_o the_o circle_n of_o the_o moon_n course_n be_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o earth_n simple_a motion_n in_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o same_o circle_n move_v together_o with_o the_o earth_n that_o be_v to_o say_v together_o with_o their_o own_o bottom_n neither_o out-going_a nor_o outgo_v if_o we_o add_v the_o diurnal_a motion_n by_o which_o the_o other_o water_n which_o be_v under_o the_o equinoctial_a be_v move_v in_o the_o same_o order_n and_o consider_v withal_o that_o the_o circle_n of_o the_o moon_n and_o of_o the_o equinoctial_a intersect_n one_o another_o it_o will_v be_v manifest_a that_o both_o those_o water_n which_o be_v under_o the_o circle_n of_o the_o moon_n and_o under_o the_o equinoctial_a will_v run_v together_o under_o the_o equinoctial_a and_o consequent_o that_o their_o motion_n will_v not_o only_o be_v swift_a than_o the_o ground_n that_o carry_v they_o but_o also_o that_o the_o water_n themselves_o will_v have_v great_a elevation_n whensoever_o the_o earth_n be_v in_o the_o equinoctial_a wherefore_o whatsoever_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o tide_n may_v be_v this_o may_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o their_o augmentation_n at_o that_o time_n again_o see_v i_o have_v suppose_v the_o moon_n to_o be_v carry_v about_o by_o the_o simple_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o little_a circle_n lbkc_n and_o demonstrate_v at_o the_o 4_o article_n of_o the_o 21_o chapter_n that_o whatsoever_o be_v move_v by_o a_o movent_fw-la that_o have_v simple_a motion_n will_v be_v move_v always_o with_o the_o same_o velocity_n it_o follow_v that_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n will_v be_v carry_v in_o the_o circumference_n lbkc_n with_o the_o same_o velocity_n with_o which_o the_o moon_n be_v carry_v in_o the_o circumference_n mnop_n wherefore_o the_o time_n in_o which_o the_o moon_n be_v carry_v about_o in_o mnop_n be_v to_o the_o time_n in_o which_o the_o earth_n be_v carry_v about_o in_o lbkc_n as_o one_o circumference_n to_o the_o other_o that_o be_v as_o ao_o to_o ak_v but_o ao_o be_v observe_v to_o be_v to_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o 59_o to_o 1_o and_o therefore_o the_o earth_n if_o ak_v be_v put_v for_o its_o semidiameter_n will_v make_v 59_o revolution_n in_o lbkc_n in_o the_o time_n that_o the_o moon_n make_v one_o monthly_a circuit_n in_o mnop_n but_o the_o moon_n make_v her_o monthly_a circuit_n in_o little_a more_o than_o 29_o day_n wherefore_o the_o earth_n shall_v make_v its_o circuit_n in_o the_o circumference_n lbkc_n in_o 12_o hour_n and_o a_o little_a more_o namely_o about_o 26_o minute_n more_o that_o be_v to_o say_v it_o shall_v make_v two_o circuit_n in_o 24_o hour_n and_o almost_o 52_o minute_n which_o be_v observe_v to_o be_v the_o time_n between_o the_o high_a water_n of_o one_o day_n and_o the_o high_a water_n of_o the_o day_n follow_v now_o the_o course_n of_o the_o water_n be_v hinder_v by_o the_o southern_a part_n of_o america_n their_o motion_n will_v be_v interrupt_v there_o and_o consequent_o they_o will_v be_v elevate_v in_o those_o place_n and_o sink_v down_o again_o by_o their_o own_o weight_n twice_o in_o the_o space_n of_o 24_o hour_n and_o 52_o minute_n and_o thus_o i_o have_v give_v a_o possible_a cause_n of_o the_o diurnal_a reciprocation_n of_o the_o ocean_n now_o from_o this_o swell_n of_o the_o ocean_n in_o those_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n proceed_v the_o flow_n and_o ebb_n in_o the_o atlantic_a spanish_a british_a and_o german_a sea_n which_o though_o they_o have_v their_o set_a time_n yet_o upon_o several_a shore_n they_o happen_v at_o several_a hour_n of_o the_o day_n and_o they_o receive_v some_o augmentation_n from_o the_o north_n by_o reason_n that_o the_o shore_n of_o china_n and_o tartary_n hinder_v the_o general_a course_n of_o the_o water_n make_v they_o swell_v there_o and_o discharge_v themselves_o in_o part_n through_o the_o straight_a of_o anian_a into_o the_o northern_a ocean_n and_o so_o into_o the_o german_a sea_n as_o for_o the_o spring_n tide_n which_o happen_v at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o new_a &_o full_a moon_n they_o be_v cause_v by_o that_o simple_a motion_n which_o at_o the_o beginning_n i_o suppose_v to_o be_v always_o in_o the_o moon_n for_o as_o when_o i_o show_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o excentricity_n of_o the_o earth_n i_o derive_v the_o elevation_n of_o the_o water_n from_o the_o simple_a motion_n of_o the_o sun_n so_o the_o same_o may_v here_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o simple_a motion_n of_o the_o moon_n for_o though_o from_o the_o generation_n of_o cloud_n there_o appear_v in_o the_o sun_n a_o more_o manifest_a power_n of_o elevate_a the_o water_n then_o in_o the_o moon_n yet_o the_o power_n of_o increase_a moisture_n in_o vegetable_n and_o live_a creature_n appear_v more_o manifest_o in_o the_o moon_n then_o in_o the_o sun_n which_o may_v perhaps_o proceed_v from_o this_o that_o the_o sun_n raise_v up_o great_a and_o the_o moon_n lesser_a drop_n of_o water_n nevertheless_o it_o be_v more_o likely_a and_o more_o agreeable_a to_o common_a observation_n that_o rain_n be_v raise_v not_o only_o by_o the_o sun_n but_o also_o by_o the_o moon_n for_o almost_o all_o man_n expect_v change_v of_o weather_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o conjunction_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n with_o one_o another_o and_o with_o the_o earth_n more_o than_o in_o the_o time_n of_o their_o quarter_n in_o the_o last_o place_n the_o cause_n why_o the_o spring_n tide_n be_v great_a at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o aequinox_n have_v be_v already_o sufficient_o declare_v in_o this_o article_n where_o i_o have_v demonstrate_v that_o the_o two_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n namely_o its_o simple_a motion_n in_o the_o little_a circle_n lbkc_n and_o its_o diurnal_a motion_n in_o ldke_n cause_n necessary_o a_o great_a elevation_n of_o water_n when_o the_o sun_n be_v about_o the_o aequinox_n then_o when_o he_o be_v in_o other_o place_n i_o have_v therefore_o give_v possible_a cause_n of_o the_o phaenomenon_n of_o the_o flow_v and_o ebb_a of_o the_o ocean_n 11_o as_o for_o the_o explication_n of_o the_o yearly_a praecession_n of_o the_o aequinoctial_a point_n we_o must_v remember_v that_o as_o i_o have_v already_o show_v the_o annual_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o in_o the_o circumference_n of_o a_o circle_n but_o of_o a_o ellipsis_n or_o a_o line_n not_o considerable_o different_a from_o that_o of_o a_o ellipsis_n in_o the_o first_o place_n therefore_o this_o elliptical_a line_n be_v to_o be_v describe_v let_v the_o ecliptic_a ♎_o ♑_o ♈_o ♋_o in_o the_o 5_o figure_n be_v divide_v into_o four_o equal_a part_n by_o the_o two_o straight_a line_n ab_fw-la and_o ♑_o ♋_o cut_v one_o another_o at_o right_a angle_n in_o the_o centre_n c_o and_o take_v the_o arch_n bd_v of_o 2_o degree_n and_o 16_o minute_n let_v the_o straight_a line_n de_fw-fr be_v draw_v parallel_n to_o ab_fw-la and_o cut_n ♑_o ♋_o in_o f_z
a_o syringe_n into_o the_o space_n fgb_n in_o that_o injection_n the_o air_n but_o pure_a air_n go_v with_o the_o same_o force_n out_o of_o the_o vessel_n through_o the_o injected_a water_n but_o as_o for_o those_o small_a body_n which_o former_o i_o suppose_v to_o be_v intermingle_v with_o air_n &_o to_o be_v move_v with_o simple_a motion_n they_o can_v not_o together_o with_o the_o our_o air_n penetrate_v the_o water_n but_o remain_v behind_o be_v necessary_o thrust_v together_o into_o a_o narrow_a place_n namely_o into_o the_o space_n which_o be_v above_o the_o water_n fg._n the_o motion_n therefore_o of_o those_o small_a body_n will_v be_v less_o and_o less_o free_a by_o how_o much_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o injected_a water_n be_v great_a and_o great_a so_o that_o by_o their_o motion_n fall_v upon_o one_o another_o the_o same_o small_a body_n will_v mutual_o compress_v each_o other_o and_o have_v a_o perpetual_a endeavour_n of_o regayn_v their_o liberty_n and_o of_o depress_v the_o water_n that_o hinder_v they_o wherefore_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o orifice_n above_o be_v open_v the_o water_n which_o be_v next_o it_o will_v have_v a_o endeavour_n to_o ascend_v and_o will_v therefore_o necessary_o go_v out_o but_o it_o can_v go_v out_o unless_o at_o the_o same_o time_n there_o enter_v in_o as_o much_o air_n and_o therefore_o both_o the_o water_n will_v go_v out_o and_o the_o air_n enter_v in_o till_o those_o small_a body_n which_o be_v leave_v within_o the_o vessel_n have_v recover_v their_o former_a liberty_n of_o motion_n that_o be_v to_o say_v till_o the_o vessel_n be_v again_o fill_v with_o air_n and_o no_o water_n be_v leave_v of_o sufficient_a height_n to_o stop_v the_o passage_n at_o b._n wherefore_o i_o have_v show_v a_o possible_a cause_n of_o this_o phaenomenon_n namely_o the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o thunder_n for_o as_o in_o the_o generation_n of_o thunder_n the_o small_a body_n enclose_v within_o the_o cloud_n by_o be_v too_o close_o pen_v 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number_n of_o small_a hard_a body_n which_o be_v heavy_a than_o the_o pure_a air_n for_o the_o aethereal_a substance_n be_v on_o all_o side_n equal_o agitate_a by_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n have_v a_o equal_a endeavour_n towards_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o universe_n and_o therefore_o it_o have_v no_o gravity_n at_o all_o 11_o we_o find_v also_o by_o experience_n that_o by_o the_o force_n of_o air_n enclose_v in_o a_o hollow_a canon_n a_o bullet_n of_o lead_n may_v with_o considerable_a violence_n be_v shoot_v out_o of_o a_o gun_n of_o late_a invention_n call_v the_o windgun_n in_o the_o end_n of_o this_o canon_n there_o be_v two_o hole_n with_o their_o valve_n on_o the_o inside_n to_o shut_v they_o close_o one_o of_o they_o serve_v for_o the_o admission_n of_o air_n and_o the_o other_o for_o the_o let_n of_o it_o out_o also_o to_o that_o end_n which_o serve_v for_o the_o receive_n in_o of_o air_n there_o be_v join_v another_o canon_n of_o the_o same_o metal_n and_o bigness_n in_o which_o there_o be_v fit_v a_o rammer_n which_o be_v perforate_v and_o have_v also_o a_o valve_n open_v towards_o the_o former_a canon_n by_o the_o help_n of_o this_o valve_n the_o rammer_n be_v easy_o draw_v back_o and_o let_v in_o air_n from_o without_o and_o be_v often_o draw_v back_o and_o return_v again_o with_o violent_a stroke_n it_o force_v some_o part_n of_o that_o air_n into_o the_o former_a canon_n so_o long_o till_o at_o last_o the_o resistance_n of_o the_o enclose_a air_n be_v great_a than_o the_o force_n of_o the_o stroke_n and_o by_o this_o mean_n man_n think_v there_o be_v now_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o air_n in_o the_o canon_n then_o there_o be_v former_o though_o it_o be_v full_a before_o also_o the_o air_n thus_o force_v in_o how_o much_o soever_o it_o be_v be_v hinder_v from_o get_v out_o again_o by_o the_o foresay_a valve_n which_o the_o very_a endeavour_n of_o the_o air_n to_o get_v out_o do_v necessary_o shut_v last_o that_o valve_n be_v open_v which_o be_v make_v for_o the_o let_v out_o of_o the_o air_n it_o present_o break_v out_o with_o violence_n &_o drive_v the_o bullet_n before_o it_o with_o great_a force_n and_o velocity_n as_o for_o the_o cause_n of_o this_o i_o can_v easy_o attribute_v it_o as_o most_o man_n do_v to_o condensation_n and_o think_v that_o the_o air_n which_o have_v at_o the_o first_o but_o its_o ordinary_a degree_n of_o rarity_n be_v afterward_o by_o the_o force_n in_o of_o more_o air_n condense_v and_o last_o of_o all_o rarefy_v again_o by_o be_v let_v out_o and_o restore_v to_o its_o natural_a liberty_n but_o i_o can_v imagine_v how_o the_o same_o place_n can_v be_v always_o full_a and_o nevertheless_o contain_v sometime_o a_o great_a sometime_o a_o less_o quantity_n of_o matter_n that_o be_v to_o say_v that_o it_o can_v be_v full_a than_o full_a nor_o can_v i_o conceive_v how_o fullness_n can_v of_o itself_o be_v a_o efficient_a cause_n of_o motion_n for_o both_o â—hese_n be_v impossible_a wherefore_o we_o must_v seek_v out_o some_o other_o possible_a cause_n of_o this_o phaenomenon_n whilst_o therefore_o the_o valve_n with_o ch_n serve_v for_o the_o let_n in_o of_o air_n be_v open_v by_o the_o first_o stroke_n of_o the_o rammer_n the_o air_n within_o do_v with_o equal_a force_n resist_v the_o enter_n of_o the_o air_n from_o without_o so_o that_o the_o endeavour_n between_o the_o internal_a and_o external_a air_n be_v opposite_a that_o be_v there_o be_v two_o opposite_a motion_n while_o the_o one_o go_v in_o and_o the_o other_o come_v out_o but_o no_o augmentation_n at_o all_o of_o air_n within_o the_o canon_n for_o there_o be_v drive_v out_o by_o the_o stroke_n as_o much_o pure_a air_n which_o pass_v between_o the_o rammer_n and_o the_o side_n of_o the_o canon_n as_o there_o be_v force_v in_o of_o air_n impure_a by_o the_o same_o stroke_n and_o thus_o by_o many_o forcible_a stroke_n the_o quantity_n of_o small_a hard_a body_n will_v be_v increase_v within_o the_o canon_n and_o their_o motion_n also_o will_v grow_v strong_a and_o strong_a as_o long_a as_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o canon_n be_v able_a to_o endure_v their_o force_n by_o which_o if_o it_o be_v not_o break_v it_o will_v at_o least_o be_v urge_v every_o way_n by_o their_o endeavour_n to_o free_v themselves_o and_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o valve_n which_o serve_v to_o let_v they_o out_o be_v open_v they_o will_v fly_v out_o with_o violent_a motion_n and_o carry_v with_o they_o the_o bullet_n which_o be_v in_o their_o way_n wherefore_o i_o have_v give_v a_o possible_a cause_n of_o this_o phaenomenon_n 12_o water_n contrary_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o heavy_a body_n ascend_v in_o the_o weatherglass_n but_o it_o do_v it_o when_o the_o air_n be_v cold_a for_o when_o it_o be_v warm_v it_o descend_v again_o and_o this_o organ_n be_v call_v a_o thermometer_n or_o thermoscope_n because_o the_o degree_n of_o heat_n and_o cold_a be_v measure_v and_o mark_v by_o it_o it_o be_v make_v in_o this_o manner_n let_v a_o b_o c_o d_o in_o the_o 5_o figure_n be_v a_o vessel_n full_a of_o water_n and_o e_o f_o g_o a_o hollow_a cylinder_n of_o glass_n close_v at_o e_o and_o open_a at_o g._n let_v it_o be_v heat_v and_o set_v upright_o within_o the_o water_n to_o f_o and_o let_v the_o open_a end_n reach_v to_o g._n this_o be_v do_v as_o the_o air_n by_o little_a and_o little_o grow_v cold_a the_o water_n will_v ascend_v slow_o within_o the_o cylinder_n from_o f_o towards_o e_z till_o at_o last_o the_o external_a and_o internal_a air_n come_v to_o be_v both_o of_o the_o same_o temper_n it_o will_v neither_o ascend_v high_a nor_o descend_v low_o till_o the_o temper_n of_o the_o air_n be_v change_v suppose_v it_o therefore_o
precept_n but_o by_o exercise_v their_o foot_n this_o therefore_o may_v serve_v for_o the_o first_o pace_n in_o the_o way_n to_o philosophy_n in_o the_o next_o place_n i_o shall_v speak_v of_o the_o fault_n and_o error_n into_o which_o man_n that_o reason_n unwary_o be_v apt_a to_o fall_v and_o of_o their_o kind_n and_o cause_n chap._n v._o of_o err_v falsity_n and_o caption_n 1._o err_v and_o falsity_n how_o they_o differ_v error_n of_o the_o mind_n by_o itself_o without_o the_o use_n of_o word_n how_o it_o happen_v 2_o a_o sevenfold_a incoherency_n of_o name_n every_o one_o of_o which_o make_v always_o a_o false_a proposition_n 3._o example_n of_o the_o first_o manner_n of_o incoherency_n 4_o of_o the_o second_o 5_o of_o the_o three_o 6_o of_o the_o four_o 7_o of_o the_o five_o 8_o of_o the_o six_o 9_o of_o the_o seven_o 10_o falsity_n of_o proposition_n detect_v by_o resolve_v the_o term_n with_o definition_n continue_v till_o they_o â—ome_v to_o simple_a name_n or_o name_n that_o be_v the_o most_o general_n of_o their_o kind_n 11_o of_o the_o fault_n of_o a_o syllogism_n consist_v in_o the_o implication_n of_o the_o term_n which_o the_o copula_fw-la 12_o of_o the_o fault_n which_o consist_v in_o equivocation_n 13_o sophistical_a caption_n be_v often_o faulty_a in_o the_o matter_n then_o in_o the_o form_n of_o syllogism_n 1_o man_n be_v subject_a to_o err_v not_o only_o in_o affime_v and_o deny_v but_o also_o in_o perception_n and_o in_o silent_a cogitation_n in_o affirm_v and_o deny_v when_o they_o call_v any_o thing_n by_o a_o name_n which_o be_v not_o the_o name_n thereof_o as_o if_o from_o see_v the_o sun_n first_o by_o reflection_n in_o water_n and_o afterward_o again_o direct_o in_o the_o firmament_n we_o shall_v to_o both_o those_o appearance_n give_v the_o name_n of_o sun_n and_o say_v there_o be_v two_o sun_n which_o none_o but_o man_n can_v dâ—e_v for_o no_o other_o live_v creature_n have_v the_o use_n of_o name_n this_o kind_n of_o error_n only_o deserve_v the_o name_n of_o falsity_n as_o arise_v not_o from_o sense_n nor_o from_o the_o thing_n themselves_o but_o from_o pronounce_v rash_o for_o name_n have_v their_o constitution_n not_o from_o the_o species_n of_o thing_n but_o from_o the_o will_n and_o consent_n of_o men._n and_o hence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o man_n pronounce_v false_o by_o their_o own_o negligence_n in_o depart_v from_o such_o appellation_n of_o thing_n as_o be_v agree_v upon_o and_o be_v not_o deceive_v neither_o by_o the_o thing_n nor_o by_o the_o sense_n for_o they_o do_v not_o perceive_v that_o the_o thing_n they_o see_v be_v call_v sun_n but_o they_o give_v it_o that_o name_n from_o their_o own_o will_n and_o agreement_n tacite_fw-la error_n or_o the_o error_n of_o sense_n and_o cogitation_n be_v make_v by_o pass_v from_o one_o imaginatition_n to_o the_o imagination_n of_o another_o different_a thing_n or_o by_o feign_v that_o to_o be_v past_a or_o future_a which_o never_o be_v nor_o ever_o shall_v be_v as_o when_o by_o see_v the_o image_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o water_n we_o imagine_v the_o sun_n itself_o to_o be_v there_o or_o by_o see_v sword_n that_o there_o have_v be_v or_o shall_v be_v fight_v because_o it_o use_v to_o be_v so_o for_o the_o most_o part_n or_o when_o from_o promise_v we_o feign_v the_o mind_n of_o the_o promiser_n to_o be_v such_o and_o such_o or_o last_o when_o from_o any_o sign_n we_o vain_o imagine_v something_o to_o be_v signify_v which_o be_v not_o and_o error_n of_o this_o sort_n be_v common_a to_o all_o thing_n that_o have_v sense_n and_o yet_o the_o deception_n proceed_v neither_o from_o our_o sense_n nor_o from_o the_o thing_n we_o perceive_v but_o from_o ourselves_o while_o we_o feign_v such_o thing_n as_o be_v but_o mere_a image_n to_o be_v something_o more_o than_o image_n but_o neither_o thing_n nor_o imagination_n of_o thing_n can_v be_v say_v to_o be_v false_a see_v they_o be_v true_o what_o they_o be_v nor_o do_v they_o as_o sign_n promise_v any_o thing_n which_o they_o do_v not_o perform_v for_o they_o indeed_o do_v not_o promise_v at_o all_o but_o we_o from_o they_o nor_o do_v the_o cloud_n but_o we_o from_o see_v the_o cloud_n say_v it_o shall_v rain_v the_o best_a way_n therefore_o to_o free_v ourselves_o from_o such_o error_n as_o arise_v from_o natural_a sign_n be_v first_o of_o all_o before_o we_o begin_v to_o reason_n concern_v such_o conjectural_a thing_n to_o suppose_v ourselves_o ignorant_a and_o then_o to_o make_v use_n of_o our_o ratiocination_n for_o these_o error_n proceed_v from_o the_o want_n of_o ratiocination_n whereas_o error_n which_o consist_v in_o affirmation_n and_o negation_n that_o be_v the_o falsity_n of_o proposition_n proceed_v only_o from_o reason_v amiss_o of_o these_o therefore_o as_o repugnant_a to_o philosophy_n i_o will_v speak_v principal_o 2_o error_n which_o happen_v in_o reason_v that_o be_v in_o syllogize_v consist_v either_o in_o the_o falsity_n of_o the_o premise_n or_o of_o the_o inference_n in_o the_o first_o of_o these_o case_n a_o syllogism_n be_v say_v to_o be_v faulty_a in_o the_o matter_n of_o it_o and_o in_o the_o second_o case_n in_o the_o form_n i_o will_v first_o consider_v the_o matter_n namely_o how_o many_o way_n a_o proposition_n may_v be_v false_a and_o next_o the_o form_n and_o how_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o when_o the_o premise_n be_v true_a the_o inference_n be_v notwithstanding_o false_a see_v therefore_o that_o proposition_n only_o be_v true_a chap._n 3._o art_n 7._o in_o which_o be_v copulate_v two_o name_n of_o one_o and_o the_o same_o thing_n and_o that_o always_o false_a in_o which_o name_n of_o different_a thing_n be_v copulate_v look_v how_o many_o way_n name_n of_o different_a thing_n may_v be_v copulate_v and_o so_o many_o way_n a_o false_a proposition_n may_v be_v make_v now_o all_o thing_n to_o which_o we_o give_v name_n may_v be_v reduce_v to_o these_o four_o kind_n namely_o body_n accident_n phantasm_n and_o name_n themselves_o and_o therefore_o in_o every_o true_a proposition_n it_o be_v necessary_a that_o the_o name_n copulate_v be_v both_o of_o they_o name_n of_o body_n or_o both_o name_n of_o accident_n or_o both_o name_n of_o phantasm_n or_o both_o name_n of_o name_n for_o name_n otherwise_o copulate_v be_v incoherent_a and_o constitute_v a_o false_a proposition_n it_o may_v happen_v also_o that_o the_o name_n of_o a_o body_n of_o a_o accident_n or_o of_o a_o phantasm_n may_v be_v copulate_v with_o the_o name_n of_o a_o speech_n so_o that_o copulate_v name_n may_v be_v incoherent_a seven_o manner_n of_o way_n 1_o if_o the_o name_n of_o a_o body_n be_v copulate_v with_o the_o name_n of_o a_o accident_n 2_o if_o the_o name_n of_o a_o body_n be_v copulate_v with_o the_o name_n of_o a_o phantasm_n 3_o if_o the_o name_n of_o a_o body_n be_v copulate_v with_o the_o name_n of_o a_o name_n 4_o if_o the_o name_n of_o a_o accident_n be_v copulate_v with_o the_o name_n of_o a_o phantasm_n 5_o if_o the_o name_n of_o a_o accident_n be_v copulate_v with_o the_o name_n of_o a_o name_n 6_o if_o the_o name_n of_o a_o phantasm_n be_v copulate_v with_o the_o name_n of_o a_o name_n 7_o if_o the_o name_n of_o a_o body_n of_o a_o accident_n or_o of_o a_o phantasm_n be_v copulate_v with_o the_o name_n of_o a_o speech_n of_o all_o which_o i_o will_v give_v some_o example_n 3_o after_o the_o first_o of_o these_o way_n proposition_n be_v false_a when_o abstract_a name_n be_v copulate_v with_o concrete_a name_n as_o in_o latin_a and_o greek_a esse_fw-la est_fw-la ens_fw-la essentie_n est_fw-la ens_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i_o quidditas_fw-la est_fw-la ens_fw-la and_o many_o the_o like_o which_o be_v find_v in_o aristotle_n metaphysic_n also_o the_o understanding_n work_v the_o understanding_n understand_v the_o sight_n see_v a_o body_n be_v magnitude_n a_o body_n be_v quantity_n a_o body_n be_v extension_n to_o be_v a_o man_n be_v a_o man_n whiteness_n be_v a_o white_a thing_n etc._n etc._n which_o be_v as_o if_o one_o shall_v say_v the_o runner_n be_v the_o run_v or_o the_o walk_n walk_v moreover_o essence_n be_v separate_v substance_n be_v abstract_v and_o other_o like_o these_o or_o derive_v from_o these_o with_o which_o common_a philosophy_n abound_v for_o see_v no_o subject_n of_o a_o accident_n that_o be_v no_o body_n be_v a_o accident_n no_o name_n of_o a_o accident_n ought_v to_o be_v give_v to_o a_o body_n nor_o of_o a_o body_n to_o a_o accident_n 4_o false_a in_o the_o second_o manner_n be_v such_o proposition_n as_o these_o a_o ghost_n be_v a_o body_n or_o a_o spirit_n that_o be_v a_o thin_a body_n sensible_a species_n fly_v up_o and_o down_o in_o the_o air_n or_o be_v move_v hither_o and_o
the_o suppose_a hardness_n and_o therefore_o the_o other_o must_v needs_o be_v namely_o that_o the_o body_n come_v near_o to_o a._n wherefore_o the_o body_n at_o i_o have_v great_a endeavour_n towards_o the_o centre_n a_o when_o its_o hard_a side_n be_v next_o it_o then_o when_o it_o be_v avert_v from_o it_o but_o the_o body_n in_o i_o while_o it_o be_v move_v in_o the_o circumference_n of_o the_o circle_n ib_n have_v sometime_o one_o side_n sometime_o another_o turn_v towards_o the_o centre_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v sometime_o near_o sometime_o further_o off_o from_o the_o centre_n a._n wherefore_o the_o body_n at_o i_o be_v not_o carry_v in_o the_o circumference_n of_o a_o perfect_a circle_n which_o be_v to_o be_v demonstrate_v chap._n xxii_o of_o other_o variety_n of_o motion_n 1_o endeavour_n and_o pressure_n how_o they_o differ_v 2_o two_o kind_n of_o medium_n in_o which_o body_n be_v move_v 3_o propagation_n of_o motion_n what_o it_o be_v 4_o what_o motion_n body_n have_v when_o they_o press_v one_o another_o 5_o fluid_a body_n when_o they_o be_v press_v together_o penetrate_v one_o another_o 6_o when_o one_o body_n press_v another_o and_o do_v not_o penetrate_v it_o the_o action_n of_o the_o press_a body_n be_v perpendicular_a to_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o body_n press_v 7_o when_o a_o hard_a body_n press_v another_o body_n penetrate_v the_o same_o it_o do_v not_o penetrate_v it_o perpendicular_o unless_o it_o fall_v perpendicular_o upon_o it_o 8_o motion_n sometime_o opposite_a to_o that_o of_o the_o movent_fw-la 9_o in_o a_o full_a medium_fw-la motion_n be_v propagate_v to_o any_o distance_n 10_o dilatation_n and_o contraction_n what_o they_o be_v 11_o dilatation_n and_o contraction_n suppose_v mutation_n of_o the_o small_a part_n in_o respect_n of_o their_o situation_n 12_o all_o traction_n be_v pulsion_n 13_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v press_v or_o bend_v restore_v themselves_o have_v motion_n in_o their_o internal_a part_n 14_o though_o that_o which_o carry_v another_o be_v stop_v the_o body_n carry_v will_v proceed_v 15_o 16_o the_o effect_n of_o percussion_n not_o to_o be_v compare_v with_o those_o of_o waight_n 17_o 18_o motion_n can_v begin_v first_o in_o the_o internal_a part_n of_o a_o body_n 19_o action_n and_o reaction_n proceed_v in_o the_o same_o line_n 20_o habit_n what_o it_o be_v 1_o i_o have_v already_o in_o the_o 15_o chap._n at_o the_o 2d_o article_n define_v endeavour_n to_o be_v motion_n through_o some_o length_n though_o not_o consider_v as_o length_n but_o as_o a_o point_n whether_o therefore_o there_o be_v resistance_n or_o no_o resistance_n the_o endeavour_n will_v still_o be_v the_o same_o for_o simple_o to_o endeavour_v be_v to_o go._n but_o when_o two_o body_n have_v opposite_a endeavour_n press_v one_o another_o than_o the_o endeavour_n of_o either_o of_o they_o be_v that_o which_o we_o call_v pressure_n and_o be_v mutual_a when_o their_o pressure_n be_v opposite_a 2._o body_n move_v and_o also_o the_o medium_n in_o which_o they_o be_v move_v be_v of_o two_o kind_n for_o either_o they_o have_v their_o part_n coherent_a in_o such_o manner_n as_o no_o part_n of_o the_o move_v body_n will_v easy_o yield_v to_o the_o movent_fw-la except_o the_o whole_a body_n yield_v also_o and_o such_o be_v the_o thing_n we_o call_v hard_a or_o else_o their_o part_n while_o the_o whole_a remain_v unmoved_a will_v easy_o yield_v to_o the_o movent_fw-la and_o these_o we_o call_v fluid_a or_o soft_a body_n for_o the_o word_n fluid_a soft_a tough_a and_o hard_a in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o great_a and_o little_a be_v use_v only_o comparative_o and_o be_v not_o different_a kind_n but_o different_a degree_n of_o quality_n 3_o to_o do_v and_o to_o suffer_v be_v to_o move_v and_o to_o be_v move_v and_o nothing_o be_v move_v but_o by_o that_o which_o touch_v it_o and_o be_v also_o move_v as_o have_v be_v former_o show_v and_o how_o great_a sooner_o the_o distance_n be_v we_o say_v the_o first_o movent_fw-la move_v the_o last_o move_v body_n but_o mediate_o namely_o so_o as_o that_o the_o first_o move_v the_o second_o the_o second_o the_o three_o and_o so_o on_o till_o the_o last_o of_o all_o be_v touch_v when_o therefore_o one_o body_n have_v opposite_a endeavour_n to_o another_o body_n move_v the_o same_o and_o that_o move_v a_o three_o and_o so_o on_o i_o call_v that_o action_n propagation_n of_o motion_n 4_o when_o two_o fluid_a body_n which_o be_v in_o a_o free_a and_o open_a space_n press_v one_o another_o their_o part_n will_v endeavour_v or_o be_v move_v towards_o the_o side_n not_o only_o those_o part_n which_o be_v there_o where_o the_o mutual_a contact_n be_v but_o all_o the_o other_o part_n for_o in_o the_o first_o contact_n the_o part_n which_o be_v press_v by_o both_o the_o endeavour_v body_n have_v no_o place_n either_o forward_o or_o backward_o in_o which_o they_o can_v be_v move_v and_o therefore_o they_o be_v press_v out_o towards_o the_o side_n and_o this_o expressure_n when_o the_o force_n be_v equal_a be_v in_o a_o line_n perpendicular_a to_o the_o body_n press_v but_o whensoever_o the_o foremost_a part_n of_o both_o the_o body_n be_v press_v the_o hindermost_a also_o must_v be_v press_v at_o the_o same_o time_n for_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o hindermost_a part_n can_v in_o a_o instant_n be_v stop_v by_o the_o resistance_n of_o the_o foremost_a part_n but_o proceed_v for_o some_o time_n and_o therefore_o see_v they_o must_v have_v some_o place_n in_o which_o they_o may_v be_v move_v and_o that_o there_o be_v no_o place_n at_o all_o for_o they_o forward_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o they_o be_v move_v into_o the_o place_n which_o be_v towards_o the_o side_n every_o way_n and_o this_o effect_n follow_v of_o necessity_n not_o only_o in_o fluid_a but_o in_o consistent_a and_o hard_a body_n though_o it_o be_v not_o always_o manifest_a to_o sense_n for_o though_o from_o the_o compression_n of_o two_o stone_n we_o can_v with_o our_o eye_n discern_v any_o swell_a outward_n towards_o the_o side_n as_o we_o perceive_v in_o two_o body_n of_o wax_n yet_o we_o know_v well_o enough_o by_o reason_n that_o some_o tumour_n must_v needs_o be_v there_o though_o it_o be_v but_o little_a 5_o but_o when_o the_o space_n be_v enclose_v and_o both_o the_o body_n be_v fluid_a they_o will_v if_o they_o be_v press_v together_o penetrate_v one_o anoteer_n though_o different_o according_a to_o their_o different_a endeavour_n for_o suppose_v a_o hollow_a cylinder_n of_o hard_a matter_n well_o stop_v at_o both_o end_n but_o fill_v first_o below_z with_o some_o heavy_a fluid_a body_n as_o quicksilver_n and_o above_o with_o water_n or_o aire_n if_o now_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o cylinder_n be_v turn_v upward_o the_o heavy_a fluid_a body_n which_o be_v now_o at_o the_o top_n have_v the_o great_a endeavour_n downward_o and_o be_v by_o the_o hard_a side_n of_o the_o vessel_n hinder_v from_o extend_v itself_o sidewayes_o must_v of_o necessity_n either_o be_v receive_v by_o the_o light_a body_n that_o it_o may_v sink_v through_o it_o or_o else_o it_o must_v open_v a_o passage_n through_o itself_o by_o which_o the_o light_a body_n may_v ascend_v for_o of_o the_o two_o body_n that_o who_o part_n be_v most_o easy_o separate_v will_v the_o first_o be_v divide_v which_o be_v do_v it_o be_v not_o necessary_a that_o the_o part_n of_o the_o other_o suffer_v any_o separation_n at_o all_o and_o therefore_o when_o two_o liquor_n which_o be_v enclose_v in_o the_o same_o vessel_n change_v their_o place_n there_o be_v no_o need_n that_o their_o small_a part_n shall_v be_v mingle_v with_o one_o another_o for_o a_o way_n be_v open_v through_o one_o of_o they_o the_o part_n of_o the_o other_o need_v not_o be_v separate_v now_o if_o a_o fluid_a body_n which_o be_v not_o enclose_v press_v a_o hard_a body_n its_o endeavour_n will_v indeed_o be_v towards_o the_o internal_a part_n of_o that_o hard_a body_n but_o be_v exclude_v by_o the_o resistance_n of_o it_o the_o part_n of_o the_o fluid_a body_n will_v be_v move_v every_o way_n according_a to_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o hard_a body_n and_o that_o equal_o if_o the_o pressure_n be_v perpendicular_a for_o when_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o cause_n be_v equal_a the_o effect_n will_v be_v equal_a also_o but_o if_o the_o pressure_n be_v not_o perpendicular_a than_o the_o angle_n of_o incidence_n be_v unequal_a the_o expansion_n also_o will_v be_v unequal_a namely_o great_a on_o that_o side_n where_o the_o angle_n be_v great_a because_o that_o motion_n be_v most_o direct_a which_o proceed_v by_o the_o direct_v line_n 6_o if_o a_o body_n press_v another_o body_n do_v not_o penetrate_v it_o it_o will_v nevertheless_o give_v to_o the_o part_n it_o press_v a_o endeavour_n to_o yield_v and_o recede_v
that_o which_o the_o line_n of_o incidence_n make_v with_o that_o line_n which_o from_o the_o point_n of_o refraction_n be_v draw_v perpendicular_a to_o the_o separate_a superficies_n 8_o the_o angle_n of_o incidence_n be_v the_o compliment_n to_o a_o right_a angle_n of_o the_o angle_n of_o inclination_n and_o so_o in_o the_o first_o figure_n the_o refraction_n be_v make_v in_o a_o b_o f._n the_o refracted_a line_n be_v b_o f._n the_o line_n of_o incidence_n be_v a_o b._n the_o point_n of_o incidence_n and_o of_o refraction_n be_v b._n the_o refract_n or_o separate_a superficies_n be_v d_o b_o e._n the_o line_n of_o incidence_n produce_v direct_o be_v a_o b_o c_o the_o perpendicular_a to_o the_o separate_a superficies_n be_v b_o h._n the_o angle_n of_o refraction_n be_v c_o b_o f._n the_o angle_n refract_v be_v h_n b_o f._n the_o angle_n of_o inclination_n be_v a_o b_o g_z or_o h_o b_o c._n the_o angle_n of_o incidence_n be_v a_o b_o d._n 9_o moreover_o the_o thin_a medium_fw-la be_v understand_v to_o be_v that_o in_o which_o there_o be_v less_o resistance_n to_o motion_n or_o to_o the_o generation_n of_o motion_n &_o the_o thick_a that_o wherein_o there_o be_v great_a resistance_n 10_o and_o that_o medium_fw-la in_o which_o there_o be_v equal_a resistance_n every_o where_o be_v a_o homogeneous_a medium_fw-la all_o other_o medium_n be_v heterogeneous_a 2_o if_o a_o body_n pass_v or_o there_o be_v generation_n of_o motion_n from_o one_o medium_fw-la to_o another_o of_o different_a density_n in_o a_o line_n perpendicular_a to_o the_o separate_a superficies_n there_o will_v be_v no_o refraction_n for_o see_v on_o every_o side_n of_o the_o perdendicular_a all_o thing_n in_o the_o medium_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v like_a and_o equal_a if_o the_o motion_n itself_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v perpendicular_a the_o inclination_n also_o will_v be_v equal_a or_o rather_o none_o at_o all_o and_o therefore_o there_o can_v be_v no_o cause_n from_o which_o refraction_n may_v be_v infer_v to_o be_v on_o one_o side_n of_o the_o perpendicular_a which_o will_v not_o conclude_v the_o same_o refraction_n to_o be_v on_o the_o other_o side_n which_o be_v so_o refraction_n on_o one_o side_n will_v destroy_v refraction_n on_o the_o other_o side_n and_o consequent_o either_o the_o refracted_a line_n will_v be_v every_o where_o which_o be_v absurd_a or_o there_o will_v be_v no_o refracted_a line_n at_o all_o which_o be_v to_o be_v demonstrate_v corol._n it_o be_v manifest_a from_o hence_o that_o the_o cause_n of_o refraction_n consist_v only_o in_o the_o obliquity_n of_o the_o line_n of_o incidence_n whether_o the_o incident_a body_n penetrate_v both_o the_o medium_n or_o without_o penetrate_v propagate_v motion_n by_o pressure_n only_o 3_o if_o a_o body_n without_o any_o change_n of_o situation_n of_o its_o internal_a part_n as_o a_o stone_n be_v move_v oblique_o out_o of_o the_o thin_a medium_fw-la and_o proceed_v penetrate_v the_o thick_a medium_fw-la and_o the_o thick_a medium_fw-la be_v such_o as_o that_o its_o internal_a part_n be_v move_v restore_v themselves_o to_o their_o former_a situation_n the_o angle_n refract_v will_v be_v great_a than_o the_o angle_n of_o inclination_n for_o let_v d_o b_o e_o in_o the_o same_o first_o figure_n be_v the_o separate_a superficies_n of_o two_o medium_n and_o let_v a_o body_n as_o a_o stone_n throw_v be_v understand_v to_o be_v move_v as_o be_v suppose_v in_o the_o straight_a line_n a_o b_o c_o and_o let_v a_o b_o be_v in_o the_o thin_a medium_fw-la as_o in_o the_o air_n and_o b_o c_o in_o the_o thick_a as_o in_o the_o water_n i_o say_v the_o stone_n w_z ch_z be_v throw_v be_v move_v in_o the_o line_n a_o b_o will_n not_o proceed_v in_o the_o line_n b_o c_o but_o in_o some_o other_o line_n namely_o that_o with_o which_o the_o perpendicular_a b_o h_n make_v the_o refracted_a angle_n h_o b_o f_o great_a than_o the_o angle_n of_o inclination_n h_n b_o c._n for_o see_v the_o stone_n come_v from_o a_o and_o fall_v upon_o b_o makes_z that_o which_o be_v at_o b_o proceed_v towards_o h_n and_o that_o the_o like_a be_v do_v in_o all_o the_o straight_a line_n which_o be_v parallel_v to_o b_o h_n and_o see_v the_o part_n move_v restore_v themselves_o by_o contrary_a motion_n in_o the_o same_o line_n there_o will_v be_v contrary_a motion_n generate_v in_o h_n b_o and_o in_o all_o the_o straight_a line_n which_o be_v parallel_v to_o it_o wherefore_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o stone_n will_v be_v make_v by_o the_o concourse_n of_o the_o motion_n in_o a_o g_o that_o be_v in_o d_o b_o and_o in_o g_z b_o that_o be_v in_o b_o h_n and_o last_o in_o h_n b_o that_o be_v by_o the_o concourse_n of_o three_o motion_n but_o by_o the_o concourse_n of_o the_o motion_n in_o a_o g_o and_o b_o h_n the_o stone_n will_v be_v carry_v to_o c_o and_o therefore_o by_o add_v the_o motion_n in_o h_n b_o it_o will_v be_v carry_v high_a in_o some_o other_o line_n as_o in_o b_o f_o and_o make_v the_o angle_n h_o b_o f_o great_a than_o the_o angle_n h_o b_o c._n and_o from_o hence_o may_v be_v derive_v the_o cause_n why_o body_n which_o be_v throw_v in_o a_o very_a oblique_a line_n if_o either_o they_o be_v any_o thing_n flat_a or_o be_v throw_v with_o great_a force_n will_v when_o they_o fall_v upon_o the_o water_n be_v cast_v up_o again_o from_o the_o water_n into_o the_o air_n for_o let_v a_o b_o in_o the_o 2d_o figure_n be_v the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n into_o which_o from_o the_o point_n c_o let_v a_o stone_n be_v throw_v in_o the_o straight_a line_n c_o a_o make_v with_o the_o line_n b_o a_o produce_v a_o very_a little_a angle_n c_o a_o d_o and_o produce_v b_o a_o indefinite_o to_o d_o let_v c_o d_o be_v draw_v perpendicular_a to_o it_o and_o a_o e_z parallel_n to_o c_o d._n the_o stone_n therefore_o will_v be_v move_v in_o c_o a_o by_o the_o concourse_n of_o two_o motion_n in_o c_o d_o and_o d_o a_o who_o velocity_n be_v as_o the_o line_n themselves_o c_o d_o and_o d_o a._n and_o from_o the_o motion_n in_o c_o d_o and_o all_o its_o parallel_n downward_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o stone_n fall_v upon_o a_o there_o will_v be_v reaction_n upward_o because_o the_o water_n restore_v itself_o to_o its_o former_a situation_n if_o now_o the_o stone_n be_v throw_v with_o sufficient_a obliquity_n that_o be_v if_o the_o straight_a line_n c_o d_o be_v short_a enough_o that_o be_v if_o the_o endeavour_n of_o the_o stone_n downward_o be_v less_o than_o the_o reaction_n of_o the_o water_n upward_o that_o be_v less_o than_o the_o endeavour_v it_o have_v from_o its_o own_o gravity_n for_o that_o may_v be_v the_o stone_n will_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o excess_n of_o the_o endeavour_n which_o the_o water_n have_v to_o restore_v itself_o above_o that_o which_o the_o stone_n have_v downward_o be_v raise_v again_o above_o the_o superficies_n a_o b_o and_o be_v carry_v high_a be_v reflect_v in_o a_o line_n which_o go_v high_o as_o the_o line_n a_o g._n 4_o if_o from_o a_o point_n 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first_o move_v and_o rest_v if_o ever_o they_o rest_v at_o all_o afterward_o neither_o do_v there_o appear_v any_o cause_n why_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o world_n shall_v for_o the_o admission_n of_o motion_n be_v intermingle_v with_o empty_a space_n rather_o than_o full_a i_o say_v full_a but_o withal_o fluid_a nor_o last_o be_v there_o any_o reason_n why_o those_o hard_a atom_n may_v not_o also_o by_o the_o motion_n of_o intermingle_v fluid_a matter_n be_v congregat_v &_o bring_v together_o into_o compound_a body_n of_o such_o bigness_n as_o we_o see_v wherefore_o nothing_o can_v by_o this_o argument_n be_v conclude_v but_o that_o motion_n be_v either_o coeternal_a or_o of_o the_o same_o duration_n with_o that_o which_o be_v move_v neither_o of_o which_o conclusion_n consist_v with_o the_o doctrine_n of_o epicurus_n who_o allow_v neither_o to_o the_o world_n nor_o to_o motion_n any_o beginning_n at_o all_o the_o necessity_n therefore_o of_o vacuum_n be_v not_o hitherto_o 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small_a superficies_n of_o their_o own_o then_o if_o two_o body_n shall_v be_v join_v together_o by_o many_o or_o but_o one_o only_a small_a superficies_n of_o either_o of_o they_o than_o i_o say_v this_o argument_n of_o lucretius_n will_v be_v a_o firm_a demonstration_n that_o no_o two_o body_n make_v up_o of_o atom_n as_o he_o suppose_v can_v ever_o possible_o be_v pull_v asunder_o by_o any_o force_n whatsoever_o but_o this_o be_v repugnant_a to_o daily_a experience_n and_o thus_o much_o of_o the_o argument_n of_o lucretius_n let_v we_o now_o consider_v the_o argument_n which_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o experiment_n of_o late_a writer_n 4_o the_o first_o experiment_n be_v this_o that_o if_o a_o hollow_a vessel_n be_v thrust_v into_o water_n with_o the_o bottom_n upward_o the_o water_n will_v ascend_v into_o it_o which_o they_o say_v it_o can_v not_o do_v unless_o the_o air_n within_o be_v thrust_v together_o into_o a_o narrow_a place_n and_o that_o this_o be_v also_o impossible_a except_o there_o be_v little_a empty_a place_n in_o the_o air_n also_o that_o when_o the_o air_n be_v compress_v to_o a_o certain_a degree_n it_o can_v receive_v no_o further_o compression_n its_o small_a particle_n not_o suffer_v themselves_o to_o be_v pen_v into_o less_o room_n this_o reason_n if_o the_o air_n can_v not_o pass_v through_o the_o water_n as_o it_o ascend_v within_o the_o vessel_n may_v seem_v valid_a but_o it_o be_v sufficient_o know_v that_o air_n will_v penetrate_v water_n by_o the_o application_n of_o a_o force_n equal_a to_o the_o gravity_n of_o the_o water_n if_o therefore_o the_o force_n by_o which_o the_o vessel_n be_v thrust_v down_o be_v great_a or_o equal_a to_o the_o endeavour_n by_o which_o the_o water_n natural_o tend_v downward_o the_o air_n will_v go_v out_o that_o way_n where_o the_o resistance_n be_v make_v namely_o towards_o the_o edge_n of_o the_o vessel_n for_o by_o how_o much_o the_o deep_a be_v the_o water_n which_o be_v to_o be_v penetrate_v so_o 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cylinder_n be_v set_v upright_o we_o
shall_v the_o finger_n be_v take_v away_o to_o make_v way_n for_o the_o descent_n of_o the_o quicksilver_n see_v it_o descend_v into_o the_o vessel_n under_o it_o till_o there_o be_v only_o so_o much_o remain_v within_o the_o cylinder_n as_o may_v fill_v about_o 26_o inch_n of_o the_o same_o and_o thus_o it_o will_v always_o happen_v whatsoever_o be_v the_o cylinder_n provide_v that_o the_o length_n be_v not_o less_o than_o 26_o inch_n from_o whence_o they_o conclude_v that_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o cylinder_n above_o the_o quicksilver_n remain_v empty_a of_o all_o body_n but_o in_o this_o experiment_n i_o find_v no_o necessity_n at_o all_o of_o vacuum_n for_o when_o the_o quicksilver_n which_o be_v in_o the_o cylinder_n descend_v the_o vessel_n under_o it_o must_v needs_o be_v fill_v to_o a_o great_a height_n and_o consequent_o so_o much_o of_o the_o contiguous_a air_n must_v be_v thrust_v away_o as_o may_v make_v place_n for_o the_o quicksilver_n which_o be_v descend_v now_o if_o 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last_o the_o cover_v be_v fasten_v on_o again_o and_o the_o cock_n h_o c_o open_v the_o water_n will_v run_v swift_o out_o at_o e_o and_o sink_v by_o little_a and_o little_a from_o g_z f_o to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o pipe_n b._n from_o this_o phaenomenon_n they_o argue_v for_o the_o necessity_n of_o vacuum_n in_o this_o manner_n the_o bottle_n from_o the_o beginning_n be_v full_a of_o air_n which_o air_n can_v neither_o go_v out_o by_o penetrate_v so_o great_a a_o length_n of_o water_n as_o be_v inject_v by_o the_o pipe_n nor_o by_o any_o other_o way_n of_o necessity_n therefore_o all_o the_o water_n as_o high_a as_o f_o g_o as_o also_o all_o the_o air_n that_o be_v in_o the_o bottle_n before_o the_o water_n be_v force_v in_o must_v now_o be_v in_o the_o same_o place_n which_o at_o first_o be_v fill_v by_o the_o air_n alone_o which_o be_v impossible_a if_o all_o the_o space_n within_o the_o bottle_n be_v former_o fill_v with_o air_n precise_o that_o be_v without_o any_o vacuum_n 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think_v be_v repugnant_a to_o vacuum_n that_o which_o be_v assume_v be_v that_o the_o air_n can_v have_v no_o passage_n out_o through_o the_o pipe_n nevertheless_o we_o see_v daily_o that_o air_n easy_o ascend_v from_o the_o bottom_n to_o the_o superficies_n of_o a_o river_n as_o be_v manifest_a by_o the_o bubble_n that_o rise_v nor_o do_v it_o need_v any_o other_o cause_n to_o give_v it_o this_o motion_n than_o the_o natural_a endeavour_n downward_o of_o the_o water_n why_o therefore_o may_v not_o the_o endeavour_n upward_o of_o the_o same_o water_n acquire_v by_o the_o injection_n which_o endeavour_v upward_o be_v great_a than_o the_o natural_a endeavour_n of_o the_o water_n downward_o cause_v the_o air_n in_o the_o bottle_n to_o penetrate_v in_o like_a manner_n the_o water_n that_o press_v it_o downward_o especial_o see_v the_o water_n as_o it_o rise_v in_o the_o bottle_n do_v so_o press_v the_o air_n that_o be_v above_o it_o as_o that_o it_o generate_v in_o every_o part_n thereof_o a_o endeavour_n towards_o the_o external_a superficies_n of_o the_o pipe_n and_o consequent_o make_v all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o enclose_a air_n to_o tend_v direct_o towards_o the_o passage_n at_o b_o i_o say_v this_o be_v no_o less_o manifest_a then_o that_o he_o air_n which_o rise_v up_o from_o the_o bottom_n of_o a_o river_n shall_v penetrate_v the_o water_n how_o deep_a soever_o it_o be_v werefore_o i_o do_v not_o yet_o see_v any_o cause_n why_o the_o force_n by_o which_o the_o water_n be_v inject_v shall_v not_o at_o the_o same_o time_n eject_v the_o air_n and_o as_o for_o their_o argue_v the_o necessity_n of_o vacuum_n from_o the_o rejection_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o first_o place_n suppose_v there_o be_v vacuum_n i_o demand_v by_o what_o principle_n of_o motion_n that_o ejection_n be_v make_v certain_o see_v this_o motion_n be_v from_o within_o outward_o it_o must_v needs_o be_v cause_v by_o some_o agent_n within_o the_o bottle_n that_o be_v to_o say_v by_o the_o air_n 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long_o as_o there_o be_v sufficient_a heat_n in_o it_o but_o this_o cease_n it_o will_v shine_v no_o long_o also_o we_o find_v by_o experience_n that_o in_o the_o glow-worm_n there_o be_v a_o certain_a thick_a humour_n like_o the_o crystalline_a humour_n of_o the_o eye_n which_o if_o it_o be_v take_v out_o and_o hold_v long_o enough_o in_o one_o finger_n and_o then_o be_v carry_v into_o the_o dark_a it_o will_v shine_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o warmth_n it_o receive_v from_o the_o finger_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o it_o be_v cold_a it_o will_v cease_v shine_v from_o whence_o therefore_o can_v these_o creature_n have_v their_o light_n but_o from_o lie_v all_o day_n in_o the_o sunshine_n in_o the_o hot_a time_n of_o summer_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n rot_a wood_n except_o it_o grow_v rot_v in_o the_o sunshine_n or_o be_v afterward_o long_o enough_o expose_v to_o the_o sun_n will_v not_o shine_v that_o this_o do_v not_o happen_v in_o every_o worm_n nor_o in_o all_o kind_n of_o rot_a wood_n 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hard_a little_a body_n be_v set_v on_o fire_n it_o must_v needs_o be_v that_o as_o they_o fly_v out_o in_o great_a or_o less_o quantity_n the_o flame_n which_o be_v make_v by_o they_o will_v be_v great_a or_o less_o and_o if_o the_o aethereal_a or_o fluid_a part_n of_o that_o matter_n fly_v out_o together_o with_o they_o their_o motion_n will_v be_v the_o swift_a as_o it_o be_v in_o wood_n and_o other_o thing_n which_o flame_n with_o a_o manifest_a mixture_n of_o wind_n when_o therefore_o these_o hard_a particle_n by_o their_o fly_v out_o move_v the_o eye_n strong_o they_o shine_v bright_a and_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o they_o fly_v out_o together_o they_o make_v a_o great_a shine_a body_n for_o flame_n be_v nothing_o but_o a_o aggregate_v of_o shine_a particle_n the_o great_a the_n aggregate_v be_v the_o great_a and_o more_o manifest_a will_v be_v the_o flame_n i_o have_v therefore_o show_v a_o possible_a cause_n of_o flame_n and_o from_o hence_o the_o cause_n appear_v evident_o 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yet_o there_o will_v be_v in_o the_o part_n a_o endeavour_n to_o simple_a motion_n by_o which_o the_o whole_a body_n will_v either_o be_v melt_v or_o which_o be_v a_o degree_n of_o melt_v soften_v for_o all_o motion_n have_v some_o effect_n upon_o all_o matter_n whatsoever_o as_o have_v be_v show_v at_o the_o 3d_o article_n of_o the_o 16_o chapter_n now_o if_o it_o be_v soften_v to_o such_o a_o degree_n as_o that_o the_o stubborness_n of_o the_o part_n be_v exceed_v by_o their_o gravity_n than_o we_o say_v it_o be_v melt_v otherwise_o soften_v and_o make_v pliant_a and_o ductile_a again_o the_o matter_n have_v in_o it_o some_o particle_n hard_a other_o aethereal_a or_o watery_a if_o by_o the_o application_n of_o fire_n these_o late_a be_v call_v out_o the_o former_a will_n thereby_o come_v to_o a_o more_o full_a contact_n with_o one_o another_o and_o consequent_o will_v not_o be_v so_o easy_o separate_v that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o whole_a body_n will_v be_v make_v hard_a and_o this_o may_v be_v the_o cause_n why_o the_o same_o fire_n make_v some_o thing_n soft_a other_o hard._n 9_o it_o be_v know_v by_o experience_n that_o if_o hay_o be_v lay_v wet_a together_o in_o a_o heap_n it_o will_v after_o a_o time_n begin_v to_o smoke_n and_o then_o burn_v as_o it_o be_v of_o itself_o the_o cause_n whereof_o seem_v to_o be_v this_o that_o in_o the_o air_n which_o be_v enclose_v within_o the_o hay_n there_o be_v those_o little_a body_n which_o as_o i_o have_v suppose_v be_v move_v free_o with_o simple_a motion_n but_o this_o motion_n be_v by_o degree_n hinder_v more_o and_o more_o by_o the_o descend_a moisture_n which_o at_o the_o last_o fill_v and_o stop_v all_o the_o passage_n the_o thin_a part_n of_o the_o air_n ascend_v by_o penetrate_v the_o water_n and_o those_o hard_a little_a bodâ—â—_n be_v so_o thrust_v together_o that_o they_o touch_v and_o press_v one_o another_o acquire_v strong_a motion_n till_o at_o last_o by_o the_o increase_a strength_n of_o this_o motion_n the_o watery_a part_n be_v first_o drive_v outward_o from_o whence_o appear_v vapour_n and_o by_o the_o continue_a increase_n of_o this_o motion_n the_o small_a particle_n of_o the_o dry_a hay_n be_v force_v out_o and_o recover_v their_o natural_a simple_a motion_n they_o grow_v hot_a and_o shine_v that_o be_v to_o say_v they_o be_v set_v on_o fire_n the_o same_o also_o may_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o lightning_n which_o happen_v in_o the_o hot_a time_n of_o the_o year_n when_o the_o water_n be_v raise_v up_o in_o great_a quantity_n and_o carry_v high_a for_o after_o the_o first_o cloud_n be_v raise_v other_o after_o other_o follow_v they_o and_o be_v congeal_v above_o they_o happen_v while_o some_o of_o they_o ascend_v and_o other_o descend_v to_o fall_v upon_o another_o in_o such_o manner_n as_o that_o in_o some_o place_n all_o their_o part_n be_v join_v together_o in_o other_o they_o leave_v hollow_a space_n between_o they_o and_o into_o these_o space_n the_o aethereal_a part_n be_v force_v out_o by_o the_o compressure_n of_o the_o cloud_n many_o of_o the_o hard_a little_a body_n be_v so_o pen_v together_o as_o that_o they_o have_v not_o the_o liberty_n of_o such_o motion_n as_o be_v natural_a to_o the_o air_n wherefore_o their_o endeavour_n grow_v more_o vehement_a till_o at_o last_o they_o force_v their_o way_n through_o the_o cloud_n sometime_o in_o one_o place_n sometime_o in_o another_o and_o break_v through_o with_o great_a noise_n they_o move_v the_o air_n violent_o &_o strike_v our_o eye_n generate_v light_a that_o be_v to_o say_v they_o shine_v and_o this_o shine_v be_v that_o we_o call_v lightning_n 10_o the_o most_o common_a phaenomenon_n proceed_v from_o fire_n and_o yet_o the_o most_o admirable_a of_o all_o other_o be_v the_o force_n of_o gunpowder_n fire_v which_o be_v compound_v of_o niter_n brimstone_n and_o coles_n beat_v small_a have_v from_o the_o coal_n its_o first_o take_v fire_n from_o the_o brimstone_n its_o nourishment_n and_o flame_n that_o be_v to_o say_v light_a and_o motion_n and_o from_o the_o niter_fw-la the_o vehemence_n of_o both_o now_o if_o a_o piece_n of_o niter_n before_o it_o be_v beat_v be_v lay_v upon_o a_o burn_a coal_n first_o it_o melt_v and_o like_o water_n quench_v that_o part_n of_o the_o coal_n it_o touch_v then_o vapour_n or_o air_n fly_v out_o where_o the_o coal_n and_o niter_n join_v blow_v the_o coal_n with_o great_a swiftness_n and_o vehemence_n on_o all_o side_n and_o from_o hence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o by_o two_o contrary_a motion_n the_o one_o of_o the_o particle_n which_o go_v out_o of_o the_o burn_a coal_n the_o other_o of_o those_o of_o the_o aethereal_a and_o watery_a substance_n
but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o hard_a particle_n which_o be_v mingle_v with_o the_o air_n and_o be_v agitate_a as_o i_o have_v suppose_v with_o simple_a motion_n will_v not_o pass_v through_o the_o water_n of_o the_o cloud_n but_o be_v more_o straight_o compress_v within_o their_o cavity_n and_o this_o i_o have_v demonstrate_v at_o the_o four_o and_o 5_o article_n of_o the_o 22th_o chapter_n beside_o see_v the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n float_v in_o the_o air_n which_o be_v agitate_a by_o the_o sun_n motion_n the_o part_n of_o the_o air_n resist_v by_o the_o earth_n will_v spread_v themselves_o every_o way_n upon_o the_o earth_n superficies_n as_o i_o have_v show_v at_o the_o 8_o article_n of_o the_o 21th_o chapter_n 5_o we_o perceive_v a_o body_n to_o be_v hard_a from_o this_o that_o when_o touch_v it_o we_o will_v thrust_v forward_o that_o part_n of_o the_o same_o which_o we_o touch_v we_o can_v do_v it_o otherwise_o then_o by_o thrust_v forward_o the_o whole_a body_n we_o may_v indeed_o easy_o and_o sensible_o thrust_v forward_o any_o particle_n of_o the_o air_n or_o water_n which_o we_o touch_v whilst_o yet_o the_o rest_n of_o its_o part_n remain_v to_o sense_n unmoved_a but_o we_o can_v do_v so_o to_o any_o part_n of_o a_o stone_n wherefore_o i_o define_v a_o hard_a body_n to_o be_v that_o whereof_o no_o part_n can_v be_v sensible_o move_v unless_o the_o whole_a be_v move_v whatsoever_o therefore_o be_v soft_a or_o fluid_a the_o same_o can_v never_o be_v make_v hard_o but_o by_o such_o motion_n as_o make_v many_o of_o the_o part_n together_o stop_v the_o motion_n of_o some_o one_o part_n by_o resist_v the_o same_o 6_o these_o thing_n premise_v i_o shall_v show_v a_o possible_a cause_n why_o there_o be_v great_a cold_a near_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o earth_n then_o further_o from_o they_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n between_o the_o tropic_n drive_v the_o air_n towards_o that_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n superficies_n which_o be_v perpendicular_o under_o it_o make_v it_o spread_v itself_o every_o way_n and_o the_o velocity_n of_o this_o expansion_n of_o the_o air_n grow_v great_a and_o great_a as_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n come_v to_o be_v more_o and_o more_o straighten_v that_o be_v to_o say_v as_o the_o circle_n which_o be_v parallel_v to_o the_o aequator_fw-la come_v to_o be_v less_o and_o less_o wherefore_o this_o expansive_a motion_n of_o the_o air_n drive_v before_o it_o the_o part_n of_o the_o air_n which_o be_v in_o its_o way_n continual_o towards_o the_o pole_n more_o and_o more_o strong_o as_o its_o force_n come_v to_o be_v more_o and_o more_o unite_a that_o be_v to_o say_v as_o the_o circle_n which_o be_v parallel_v to_o the_o aequator_fw-la be_v less_o and_o less_o that_o be_v so_o much_o the_o more_o by_o how_o much_o they_o be_v near_o to_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o those_o place_n therefore_o which_o be_v near_a to_o the_o pole_n there_o be_v great_a cold_a then_o in_o those_o which_o be_v more_o remote_a from_o they_o now_o this_o expansion_n of_o the_o air_n upon_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n from_o east_n to_o west_n do_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o sun_n perpetual_a accession_n to_o the_o place_n which_o be_v successive_o under_o it_o make_v it_o cold_a at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o sun_n rise_v and_o set_v but_o as_o the_o sun_n come_v to_o be_v continual_o more_o and_o more_o perpendicular_a to_o those_o cool_v place_n so_o by_o the_o heat_n which_o be_v generate_v by_o the_o superven_a simple_a motion_n of_o the_o sun_n that_o cold_a be_v again_o remit_v and_o can_v never_o be_v great_a because_o the_o action_n by_o the_o which_o it_o be_v generate_v be_v not_o permanent_a wherefore_o i_o have_v render_v a_o possible_a cause_n of_o cold_a in_o those_o place_n that_o be_v near_o the_o pole_n or_o where_o the_o obliquity_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v great_a 7_o how_o water_n may_v be_v congeal_v by_o cold_a may_v be_v explain_v in_o this_o manner_n let_v a_o in_o the_o first_o figure_n represent_v the_o sun_n and_o b_o the_o earth_n a_o will_v therefore_o be_v much_o great_a than_o b._n let_v of_o be_v in_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o equinoctial_a to_o which_o let_v gh_a ik_fw-mi and_o lc_n be_v parallel_n last_o let_v c_o and_o d_o be_v the_o pole_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o air_n therefore_o by_o its_o action_n in_o those_o parallel_n will_v rake_v the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o that_o with_o motion_n so_o much_o the_o strong_a by_o how_o much_o the_o parallel_a circle_n towards_o the_o pole_n grow_v less_o and_o less_o from_o whence_o must_v arise_v a_o wind_n which_o will_v force_v together_o the_o uppermost_a part_n of_o the_o water_n and_o withal_o raise_v they_o a_o little_a weaken_v their_o endeavour_n towards_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o from_o their_o endeavour_n towards_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n join_v with_o the_o endeavour_n of_o the_o say_a wind_n the_o uppermost_a part_n of_o the_o water_n will_v be_v press_v together_o and_o coagulate_v that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n will_v be_v skin_v over_o and_o harden_v and_o so_o again_o the_o water_n next_o the_o top_n will_v be_v harden_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n till_o at_o length_n the_o ice_n be_v thick_a and_o this_o ice_n be_v now_o compact_v of_o little_a hard_a body_n must_v also_o contain_v many_o particle_n of_o air_n receive_v into_o it_o as_o river_n and_o sea_n so_o also_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n may_v the_o cloud_n be_v freeze_v for_o when_o by_o the_o ascend_a and_o descend_v of_o several_a cloud_n at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o air_n intercept_v between_o they_o be_v by_o compression_n force_v out_o it_o rake_n &_o by_o little_a &_o little_o harden_v they_o and_o though_o those_o small_a drop_n which_o usual_o make_v cloud_n be_v not_o yet_o unite_v into_o great_a body_n yet_o the_o same_o wind_n will_v be_v make_v &_o by_o it_o as_o water_n be_v congeal_v into_o ice_n so_o will_v vapour_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n be_v congeal_v into_o snow_n from_o the_o same_o cause_n it_o be_v that_o ice_n may_v be_v make_v by_o art_n and_o that_o not_o far_o from_o the_o fire_n for_o it_o be_v do_v by_o the_o mingle_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n together_o and_o by_o bury_v in_o it_o a_o small_a vessel_n full_a of_o water_n now_o while_o the_o snow_n and_o salt_n which_o have_v in_o they_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o air_n be_v melt_v the_o air_n which_o be_v press_v out_o every_o way_n in_o wind_n rake_n the_o side_n of_o the_o vessel_n and_o as_o the_o wind_n by_o its_o motion_n rake_n the_o vessel_n so_o the_o vessel_n by_o the_o same_o motion_n and_o action_n congeles_fw-la the_o water_n within_o it_o we_o find_v by_o experience_n that_o cold_a be_v always_o more_o remiss_a in_o place_n where_o it_o rain_v or_o where_o the_o weather_n be_v cloudy_a thing_n be_v alike_o in_o all_o other_o respect_n then_o where_o the_o air_n be_v clear_a and_o this_o agree_v very_o well_o with_o what_o i_o have_v say_v before_o for_o in_o clear_a weather_n the_o course_n of_o the_o wind_n which_o as_o i_o say_v even_o now_o rake_n the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o it_o be_v free_a from_o all_o interruption_n so_o also_o it_o be_v very_o strong_a but_o when_o small_a drop_n of_o water_n be_v either_o rise_n or_o fall_v that_o wind_n be_v repel_v break_v and_o dissipate_v by_o they_o and_o the_o less_o the_o wind_n be_v the_o less_o be_v the_o cold._n we_o find_v also_o by_o experience_n that_o in_o deep_a well_n the_o water_n freeze_v not_o so_o much_o as_o it_o do_v upon_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o the_o wind_n by_o which_o ice_n be_v make_v enter_v into_o the_o earth_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o laxity_n of_o its_o part_n more_o or_o less_o lose_v some_o of_o its_o force_n though_o not_o much_o so_o that_o if_o the_o well_o be_v not_o deep_a it_o will_v freeze_v whereas_o if_o it_o be_v so_o deep_a as_o that_o the_o wind_n which_o cause_v cold_a can_v reach_v it_o it_o will_v not_o freeze_v we_o find_v moreover_o by_o experience_n that_o ice_n be_v light_a than_o water_n the_o cause_n whereof_o be_v manifest_a from_o that_o which_o i_o have_v already_o show_v namely_o that_o air_n be_v receive_v in_o and_o mingle_v with_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o water_n while_o it_o be_v in_o congeling_n 8_o we_o have_v see_v one_o way_n of_o make_v thing_n hard_a namely_o by_o congelation_n another_o way_n be_v thus_o have_v already_o suppose_v that_o innumerable_a atom_n some_o hard_a than_o other_o and_o that_o have_v several_a simple_a motion_n of_o their_o own_o be_v intermingle_v with_o the_o aethereal_a substance_n
it_o follow_v necessary_o from_o hence_o that_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o fermentation_n of_o the_o whole_a air_n of_o which_o i_o have_v speak_v in_o the_o 21_o chap._n some_o of_o those_o atom_n meet_v with_o other_o will_v cleave_v together_o by_o apply_v themselves_o to_o one_o another_o in_o such_o manner_n as_o be_v agreeable_a to_o their_o motion_n and_o mutual_a contact_n and_o see_v there_o be_v no_o vacuum_n can_v be_v pull_v asunder_o but_o by_o so_o much_o force_v as_o be_v sufficient_a to_o overcome_v their_o hardness_n now_o there_o be_v innumerable_a degree_n of_o hardness_n as_o for_o example_n there_o be_v a_o degree_n of_o it_o in_o water_n as_o be_v manifest_a from_o this_o that_o upon_o a_o plain_a it_o may_v be_v draw_v any_o way_n at_o pleasure_n by_o one_o finger_n there_o be_v a_o great_a degree_n of_o it_o in_o clammy_a liquor_n which_o when_o they_o be_v pour_v out_o do_v in_o fall_v downward_o dispose_v themselves_o into_o one_o continue_a thread_n which_o thread_n before_o it_o be_v break_v will_n by_o little_a and_o little_o diminish_v its_o thickness_n till_o at_o last_o it_o be_v so_o small_a as_o that_o it_o seem_v to_o break_v only_o in_o a_o point_n and_o in_o their_o separation_n the_o external_a part_n break_v first_o from_o one_o another_o and_o then_o the_o more_o internal_a part_n successive_o one_o after_o another_o in_o wax_n there_o be_v yet_o a_o great_a degree_n of_o hardness_n for_o when_o we_o will_v pull_v one_o part_n of_o it_o from_o another_o we_o first_o make_v the_o whole_a mass_n slenderer_n before_o we_o can_v pull_v it_o asunder_o and_o how_o much_o the_o hard_a anything_o be_v which_o we_o will_v break_v so_o much_o the_o more_o force_n we_o must_v apply_v to_o it_o wherefore_o if_o we_o go_v on_o to_o hard_a thing_n as_o rope_n wood_n metal_n stone_n etc._n etc._n reason_n prompt_v we_o to_o believe_v that_o the_o same_o though_o not_o always_o sensible_o will_v necessary_o happen_v and_o that_o even_o the_o hard_a thing_n be_v break_v asunder_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n namely_o by_o solution_n of_o their_o continuity_n begin_v in_o the_o outermost_a superficies_n and_o proceed_v successive_o to_o the_o innermost_a part_n in_o like_a manner_n when_o the_o part_n of_o body_n be_v to_o be_v separate_v not_o by_o pull_v they_o asunder_o but_o by_o break_v they_o the_o first_o separation_n will_v necessary_o be_v in_o the_o convex_a superficies_n of_o the_o bow_a part_n of_o the_o body_n and_o afterward_o in_o the_o concave_a superficies_n for_o in_o all_o bow_n there_o be_v in_o the_o convex_a superficies_n a_o endeavour_n in_o the_o part_n to_o go_v one_o from_o another_o and_o in_o the_o concave_a superficies_n to_o penetrate_v one_o another_o this_o be_v well_o understand_v a_o reason_n may_v be_v give_v how_o two_o body_n which_o be_v contiguous_a in_o one_o common_a superficies_n may_v by_o force_n be_v separate_v without_o the_o introduction_n of_o vacuum_n though_o lucretius_n think_v otherwise_o believe_v that_o such_o separation_n be_v a_o strong_a establishment_n of_o vacuum_n for_o a_o marble_n pillar_n be_v make_v to_o hang_v by_o one_o of_o its_o base_n if_o it_o be_v long_o enough_o it_o will_v by_o its_o own_o weight_n be_v break_v asunder_o and_o yet_o it_o will_v not_o necessary_o follow_v that_o there_o shall_v be_v vacuum_n see_v the_o solution_n of_o its_o continuity_n may_v begin_v in_o the_o circumference_n and_o proceed_v successive_o to_o the_o midst_n thereof_o last_o wine_n be_v not_o so_o easy_o congeal_v as_o water_n because_o in_o wine_n there_o be_v particle_n which_o be_v not_o fluid_a be_v move_v very_o swift_o and_o by_o their_o motion_n congelation_n be_v retard_v but_o if_o the_o cold_a prevail_v against_o this_o motion_n than_o the_o outermost_a part_n of_o the_o wine_n will_v be_v first_o freeze_v and_o afterward_o the_o inner_a part_n whereof_o this_o be_v a_o sign_n that_o the_o wine_n which_o remain_v unfrozen_a in_o the_o midst_n will_v be_v very_o strong_a 9_o another_o cause_n of_o hardness_n in_o some_o thing_n may_v be_v in_o this_o manner_n if_o a_o soft_a body_n consist_v of_o many_o hard_a particle_n which_o by_o the_o intermixture_n of_o many_o other_o fluid_a particle_n cohaere_fw-la but_o loose_o together_o those_o fluid_a part_n as_o have_v be_v show_v in_o the_o last_o article_n of_o the_o 21_o chapter_n will_v be_v exhale_v by_o which_o mean_v each_o hard_a particle_n will_v apply_v itself_o to_o the_o next_o to_o it_o according_a to_o a_o great_a superficies_n and_o consequent_o they_o will_v cohaere_fw-la more_o close_o to_o one_o another_o that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o whole_a mass_n will_v be_v make_v hard_a 10_o again_o in_o some_o thing_n hardness_n may_v be_v make_v to_o a_o certain_a degree_n in_o this_o manner_n when_o any_o fluid_a substance_n have_v in_o it_o certain_a very_o small_a body_n intermingle_v which_o be_v move_v with_o simple_a motion_n of_o their_o own_o contribute_v like_o motion_n to_o the_o part_n of_o the_o fluid_a substance_n and_o this_o be_v do_v in_o a_o small_a enclose_a space_n as_o in_o the_o hollow_a of_o a_o little_a sphere_n or_o a_o very_a slender_a pipe_n if_o the_o motion_n be_v vehement_a and_o there_o be_v a_o great_a number_n of_o these_o small_a enclose_a body_n two_o thing_n will_v happen_v the_o one_o that_o the_o fluid_a substance_n will_v have_v a_o endeavour_n of_o dilate_v itself_o at_o once_o every_o way_n the_o other_o that_o if_o those_o small_a body_n can_v no_o where_o get_v out_o then_o from_o their_o reflection_n it_o will_v follow_v that_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o enclose_v fluid_a substance_n which_o be_v vehement_a before_o will_v now_o be_v much_o more_o vehement_a wherefore_o if_o any_o one_o particle_n of_o that_o fluid_a substance_n shall_v be_v touch_v &_o press_v by_o some_o external_a movent_fw-la it_o can_v not_o yield_v but_o by_o the_o application_n of_o very_a sensible_a force_n wherefore_o the_o fluid_a substance_n which_o be_v enclose_v and_o so_o move_v have_v some_o degree_n of_o hardness_n now_o great_a and_o less_o degree_n of_o hardness_n depend_v upon_o the_o quantity_n and_o velocity_n of_o those_o small_a body_n and_o upon_o the_o narrowness_n of_o the_o place_n both_o together_o 11_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v make_v hard_o by_o sudden_a heat_n namely_o such_o as_o be_v harden_v by_o fire_n be_v common_o reduce_v to_o their_o former_a soft_a form_n by_o maceration_n for_o fire_n harden_v by_o evaporation_n and_o therefore_o if_o the_o evaporate_v moisture_n be_v restore_v again_o the_o former_a nature_n and_o form_n be_v restore_v together_o with_o it_o and_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v freeze_v with_o cold_a if_o the_o wind_n by_o which_o they_o be_v freeze_v change_n into_o the_o opposite_a quarter_n they_o will_v be_v unfrozen_a again_o unless_o they_o have_v get_v a_o habit_n of_o new_a motion_n or_o endeavour_n by_o long_a continuance_n in_o that_o hardness_n nor_o be_v it_o enough_o to_o cause_v thaw_v that_o there_o be_v a_o cessation_n of_o the_o freeze_a wind_n for_o the_o take_v away_o of_o the_o cause_n do_v not_o destroy_v a_o produce_v effect_n but_o the_o thaw_v also_o must_v have_v its_o proper_a cause_n namely_o a_o contrary_a wind_n or_o at_o least_o a_o wind_n opposite_a in_o some_o degree_n and_o this_o we_o find_v to_o be_v true_a by_o experience_n for_o if_o ice_n be_v lay_v in_o a_o place_n so_o well_o enclose_v that_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o air_n can_v get_v to_o it_o that_o ice_n will_v remain_v unchanged_a though_o the_o place_n be_v not_o sensible_o cold_a 12_o of_o hard_a body_n some_o may_v manifest_o be_v bow_v other_o not_o but_o be_v break_v in_o the_o very_a first_o moment_n of_o their_o bend_n and_o of_o such_o body_n as_o may_v manifest_o be_v bend_v some_o be_v bend_v do_v as_o soon_o as_o ever_o they_o be_v set_v at_o liberty_n restore_v themselves_o to_o their_o former_a posture_n other_o remain_v still_o bend_v now_o if_o the_o cause_n of_o this_o restitution_n be_v ask_v i_o say_v it_o may_v be_v in_o this_o manner_n namely_o that_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o bend_a body_n while_o it_o be_v hold_v bend_v do_v nevertheless_o retain_v their_o motion_n and_o by_o this_o motion_n they_o restore_v it_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o force_n be_v remove_v by_o which_o it_o be_v bend_v for_o when_o any_o thing_n be_v bend_v as_o a_o plate_n of_o steel_n and_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o force_n be_v remove_v restore_v itself_o again_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o cause_n of_o its_o restitution_n can_v be_v refer_v to_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n nor_o can_v it_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o removal_n of_o the_o force_n by_o which_o it_o be_v bend_v for_o in_o thing_n that_o be_v at_o rest_n the_o take_v away_o of_o impediment_n be_v
not_o a_o sufficient_a cause_n of_o their_o future_a motion_n there_o be_v no_o other_o cause_n of_o motion_n but_o motion_n the_o cause_n therefore_o of_o such_o restitution_n be_v in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o steel_n itself_o wherefore_o while_o it_o remain_v bend_v there_o be_v in_o the_o part_n of_o which_o it_o consist_v some_o motion_n though_o invisible_a that_o be_v to_o say_v some_o endeavour_n at_o least_o that_o way_n by_o which_o the_o restitution_n be_v to_o be_v make_v and_o therefore_o this_o endeavour_n of_o all_o the_o part_n together_o be_v the_o first_o beginning_n of_o restitution_n so_o that_o the_o impediment_n be_v remove_v that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o force_n by_o which_o it_o be_v hold_v bend_v it_o will_v be_v restore_v again_o now_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o part_n by_o which_o this_o be_v do_v be_v that_o which_o i_o call_v simple_a motion_n or_o motion_n return_v into_o itself_o when_o therefore_o in_o the_o bend_n of_o a_o plate_n the_o end_n be_v draw_v together_o there_o be_v on_o one_o side_n a_o mutual_a compression_n of_o the_o part_n which_o compression_n be_v one_o endeavour_v opposite_a to_o another_o endeavour_n and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n a_o divulsion_n of_o the_o part_n the_o endeavour_n therefore_o of_o the_o part_n on_o one_o side_n tend_v to_o the_o restitution_n of_o the_o plate_n from_o the_o middle_n towards_o the_o end_n and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n from_o the_o end_n towards_o the_o middle_n wherefore_o the_o impediment_n be_v take_v away_o this_o endeavour_n which_o be_v the_o begin_n of_o restitution_n will_v restore_v the_o plate_n to_o its_o former_a posture_n and_o thus_o i_o have_v give_v a_o possible_a cause_n why_o some_o body_n when_o they_o be_v bend_v restore_v themselves_o again_o which_o be_v to_o be_v do_v as_o for_o stone_n see_v they_o be_v make_v by_o the_o accretion_n of_o many_o very_a hard_a particle_n within_o the_o earth_n which_o particle_n have_v no_o great_a coherence_n that_o be_v to_o say_v touch_v one_o another_o in_o small_a latitude_n and_o consequent_o admit_v many_o particle_n of_o air_n it_o must_v needs_o be_v that_o in_o bend_v of_o they_o their_o internal_a part_n will_v not_o easy_o be_v compress_v by_o reason_n of_o their_o hardness_n and_o because_o their_o coherence_n be_v not_o firm_a as_o soon_o as_o the_o external_a hard_a particle_n be_v disjoin_v the_o aethereal_a part_n will_v necessary_o break_v out_o and_o so_o the_o body_n will_v sudden_o be_v break_v 13_o those_o body_n be_v call_v diaphanous_a upon_o which_o while_o the_o beam_n of_o a_o lucid_a body_n do_v work_n the_o action_n of_o every_o one_o of_o those_o beam_n be_v propagate_v in_o they_o in_o such_o manner_n as_o that_o they_o still_o retain_v the_o same_o order_n among_o themselves_o or_o the_o inversion_n of_o that_o order_n and_o therefore_o body_n which_o be_v perfect_o diaphanous_a be_v also_o perfect_o homogeneous_a on_o the_o contrary_a a_o opacous_a body_n be_v that_o which_o by_o reason_n of_o its_o heterogeneous_a nature_n do_v by_o innumerable_a reflection_n and_o refraction_n in_o particle_n of_o different_a figure_n and_o unequal_a hardness_n weaken_v the_o beam_n that_o fall_v upon_o it_o before_o they_o reach_v the_o eye_n and_o of_o diaphanous_a body_n some_o be_v make_v such_o by_o nature_n from_o the_o beginning_n as_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o air_n and_o of_o the_o water_n and_o perhaps_o also_o some_o part_n of_o stone_n unless_o these_o also_o be_v water_n that_o have_v be_v long_o congeal_v other_o be_v make_v so_o by_o the_o power_n of_o heat_n which_o congregate_n homogeneon_n body_n but_o such_o as_o be_v make_v diaphanous_a in_o this_o manner_n consist_v of_o part_n which_o be_v former_o diaphanous_a 14_o in_o what_o manner_n cloud_n be_v make_v by_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n elevate_a the_o particle_n of_o water_n from_o the_o sea_n and_o other_o moist_a place_n have_v be_v explain_v in_o the_o 26_o chapter_n also_o how_o cloud_n come_v to_o be_v freeze_v have_v be_v show_v above_o at_o the_o seven_o article_n now_o from_o this_o that_o air_n may_v be_v enclose_v as_o it_o be_v in_o cavern_n and_o pen_v together_o more_o and_o more_o by_o the_o meeting_n of_o ascend_v and_o descend_v cloud_n may_v be_v deduce_v a_o possible_a cause_n of_o thunder_n and_o lightning_n for_o see_v the_o air_n consist_v of_o two_o part_n the_o one_o aethereal_a which_o have_v no_o proper_a motion_n of_o its_o own_o as_o be_v a_o thing_n divisible_a into_o the_o least_o part_n the_o other_o hard_o namely_o consist_v of_o many_o hard_a atom_n which_o have_v every_o one_o of_o they_o a_o very_a swift_a simple_a motion_n of_o its_o own_o while_o the_o cloud_n by_o their_o meeting_n do_v more_o and_o more_o straighten_v such_o cavity_n as_o they_o intercept_v the_o aethereal_a part_n will_v penetrate_v and_o pass_v through_o their_o watery_a substance_n but_o the_o hard_a part_n will_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n be_v the_o more_o thrust_v together_o and_o press_v one_o another_o and_o consequent_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o vehement_a motion_n they_o will_v have_v a_o endeavour_n to_o rebound_v from_o each_o other_o whensoever_o therefore_o the_o compression_n be_v great_a enough_o and_o the_o concave_a part_n of_o the_o cloud_n be_v for_o the_o cause_n i_o have_v already_o give_v congeal_v into_o ice_n the_o cloud_n will_v necessary_o be_v break_v &_o this_o break_n of_o the_o cloud_n produce_v the_o first_o clap_n of_o thunder_n afterward_o the_o air_n which_o be_v pen_v in_o have_v now_o break_v through_o make_v a_o concussion_n of_o the_o air_n without_o and_o from_o hence_o proceed_v the_o roar_a and_o murmur_n which_o follow_v and_o both_o the_o first_o clap_n and_o the_o murmur_n that_o follow_v it_o make_v that_o noise_n which_o be_v call_v thunder_n also_o from_o the_o same_o air_n break_v through_o the_o cloud_n and_o with_o concussion_n fall_v upon_o the_o eye_n proceed_v that_o action_n upon_o our_o eye_n which_o cause_v in_o we_o a_o perception_n of_o that_o light_n which_o we_o call_v lightning_n wherefore_o i_o have_v give_v a_o possible_a cause_n of_o thunder_n and_o lightning_n 15_o but_o if_o the_o vapour_n which_o be_v raise_v into_o cloud_n do_v run_v together_o again_o into_o water_n or_o be_v congeal_v into_o ice_n from_o whence_o be_v it_o see_v both_o ice_n and_o water_n be_v heavy_a that_o they_o be_v sustain_v in_o the_o air_n or_o rather_o what_o may_v the_o cause_n be_v that_o be_v once_o elevate_v they_o fall_v down_o again_o for_o there_o be_v no_o doubt_n but_o the_o same_o force_n which_o can_v carry_v up_o that_o water_n can_v also_o sustain_v it_o there_o why_o therefore_o be_v once_o carry_v up_o do_v it_o fall_v again_o i_o say_v it_o proceed_v from_o the_o same_o simple_a motion_n of_o the_o sun_n both_o that_o vapour_n be_v force_v to_o ascend_v and_o that_o water_n gather_v into_o cloud_n be_v force_v to_o descend_v for_o in_o the_o 21th_o chapter_n and_o 11_o article_n i_o have_v show_v how_o vapour_n be_v elevate_v and_o in_o the_o same_o chapter_n and_o 5_o article_n i_o have_v also_o show_v how_o by_o the_o same_o motion_n homogeneous_a body_n be_v congregat_v &_o heterogeneous_a dissipate_v that_o be_v to_o say_v how_o such_o thing_n as_o have_v a_o like_a nature_n to_o that_o of_o the_o earth_n be_v drive_v towards_o the_o earth_n that_o be_v to_o say_v what_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o descent_n of_o heavy_a body_n now_o if_o the_o action_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v hinder_v in_o the_o raise_n of_o vapour_n and_o be_v not_o at_o all_o hinder_v in_o the_o cast_n of_o they_o down_o the_o water_n will_v descend_v but_o a_o cloud_n can_v hinder_v the_o action_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o make_v thing_n of_o a_o earthly_a nature_n descend_v to_o the_o earth_n though_o it_o may_v hinder_v it_o in_o make_v vapour_n ascend_v for_o the_o low_a part_n of_o a_o thick_a cloud_n be_v so_o cover_v by_o its_o upper_a part_n as_o that_o it_o can_v receive_v that_o action_n of_o the_o sun_n by_o which_o vapour_n be_v carry_v up_o because_o vapour_n be_v raise_v by_o the_o perpetual_a fermentation_n of_o the_o air_n or_o by_o the_o separate_n of_o its_o small_a part_n from_o one_o another_o which_o be_v much_o weak_a when_o he_o thick_a cloud_n be_v interpose_v then_o when_o the_o sky_n be_v clear_a and_o therefore_o whensoever_o a_o cloud_n be_v make_v thick_a enough_o the_o water_n which_o will_v not_o descend_v before_o will_v then_o descend_v unless_o it_o be_v keep_v up_o by_o the_o agitation_n of_o the_o wind_n wherefore_o i_o have_v render_v a_o possible_a cause_n both_o why_o the_o cloud_n may_v be_v sustain_v in_o the_o air_n and_o also_o why_o they_o may_v fall_v down_o again_o to_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v propound_v to_o
be_v do_v 16_o grant_v that_o the_o cloud_n may_v be_v freeze_v it_o be_v no_o wonder_n if_o the_o moon_n have_v be_v see_v eclipse_v at_o such_o time_n as_o she_o have_v be_v almost_o two_o degree_n above_o the_o horizon_n the_o sun_n at_o the_o same_o time_n appear_v in_o the_o horizon_n for_o such_o a_o eclipse_n be_v observe_v by_o mestline_n at_o tube_v in_o the_o year_n 1590._o for_o it_o may_v happen_v that_o a_o freeze_a cloud_n be_v then_o interpose_v between_o the_o sun_n and_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o observer_n and_o if_o it_o be_v so_o the_o sun_n which_o be_v then_o almost_o two_o degree_n below_o the_o horizon_n may_v appear_v to_o be_v in_o it_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o pass_n of_o his_o beam_n through_o the_o ice_n and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o those_o that_o attribute_v such_o refraction_n to_o the_o atmosphere_n can_v attribute_v to_o it_o so_o great_a a_o refraction_n as_o this_o wherefore_o not_o the_o atmosphere_n but_o either_o water_n in_o a_o continue_a body_n or_o else_o ice_n must_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o that_o refraction_n 17_o again_o grant_v that_o there_o may_v be_v ice_n in_o the_o cloud_n it_o will_v be_v no_o long_o a_o wonder_n that_o many_o sun_n have_v sometime_o appear_v at_o once_o for_o looking-glass_n may_v be_v so_o place_v as_o by_o reflection_n to_o show_v the_o same_o object_n in_o many_o place_n and_o may_v not_o so_o many_o freeze_a cloud_n serve_v for_o so_o many_o looking-glass_n and_o may_v they_o not_o be_v fit_o dispose_v for_o that_o purpose_n beside_o the_o number_n of_o appearance_n may_v be_v increase_v by_o refraction_n also_o and_o therefore_o it_o will_v be_v a_o great_a wonder_n to_o i_o if_o such_o phaenomena_n as_o these_o shall_v never_o happen_v and_o be_v it_o not_o for_o that_o one_o phaenomenon_n of_o the_o new_a star_n which_o be_v see_v in_o cassiopaea_n i_o shall_v think_v comet_n be_v make_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n namely_o by_o vapour_n draw_v not_o only_o from_o the_o earth_n but_o from_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o planet_n also_o and_o congeal_v into_o one_o continue_a body_n for_o i_o can_v very_o well_o from_o hence_o give_v a_o reason_n both_o of_o their_o hair_n and_o of_o their_o motion_n but_o see_v that_o star_n remain_v sixteen_o whole_a month_n in_o the_o same_o place_n among_o the_o fix_a star_n i_o can_v believe_v the_o matter_n of_o it_o be_v ice_n wherefore_o i_o leave_v to_o other_o the_o disquisition_n of_o the_o cause_n of_o comet_n concern_v which_o nothing_o that_o have_v hitherto_o be_v publish_v 〈…〉_z the_o bare_a history_n of_o they_o be_v worth_a consider_v 18_o the_o head_n of_o river_n may_v be_v deduce_v from_o rain-water_n or_o from_o melt_a snow_n very_o easy_o but_o from_o other_o cause_n very_o hardly_o or_o not_o at_o all_o for_o both_o rain-water_n and_o melt_v snow_n run_v down_o the_o descent_n of_o mountain_n and_o if_o they_o descend_v only_o by_o the_o outward_a superficies_n the_o shower_n or_o snow_n themselves_o may_v be_v account_v the_o spring_n or_o fountain_n but_o if_o they_o enter_v the_o earth_n &_o descend_v within_o it_o then_o wheresoever_o they_o break_v out_o there_o be_v their_o spring_n and_o as_o these_o sping_n make_v small_a stream_n so_o many_o small_a stream_n run_v together_o make_v river_n now_o there_o be_v never_o any_o spring_n find_v but_o where_o the_o water_n w_o ch_n flow_v to_o it_o be_v either_o further_o or_o at_o least_o as_o far_o from_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o the_o spring_n itself_o and_o whereas_o it_o have_v be_v object_v by_o a_o great_a philosopher_n that_o in_o the_o top_n of_o mount-cenis_n which_o part_v savoy_n from_o piedmont_n there_o spring_v a_o river_n which_o run_v down_o by_o susa_n it_o be_v not_o true_a for_o there_o be_v above_o that_o river_n for_o two_o mile_n length_n very_o high_a hill_n on_o both_o side_n which_o be_v almost_o perpetual_o cover_v with_o snow_n from_o which_o innumerable_a little_a stream_n run_v down_o do_v manifest_o supply_v that_o river_n with_o water_n sufficient_a for_o its_o magnitude_n chap._n xxix_o of_o sound_n odour_n savour_n and_o touch_v 1_o the_o definition_n of_o sound_n and_o the_o distinction_n of_o sound_n 2_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o degree_n of_o sound_n 3_o the_o difference_n between_o sound_n acute_a and_o grave_a 4_o the_o difference_n between_o clear_a and_o hoarse_a sound_n whence_o 5_o the_o sound_z of_o thunder_n and_o of_o a_o gun_n whence_o it_o proceed_v 6_o whence_o it_o be_v that_o pipe_n by_o blow_v into_o they_o have_v a_o clear_a sound_n 7_o of_o reflect_v sound_n 8_o from_o whence_o it_o be_v that_o sound_n be_v uniform_a and_o last_a 9_o how_o sound_n may_v be_v help_v and_o hinder_v by_o the_o wind._n 10_o not_o only_o air_n but_o other_o body_n how_o hard_o soever_o they_o be_v convey_v sound_v 11_o the_o cause_n of_o grave_a and_o acute_a sound_n and_o of_o consent_n 12_o phaenomena_n for_o smell_a 13_o the_o first_o organ_n and_o the_o generation_n of_o smell_a 14_o how_o it_o be_v help_v by_o heat_n and_o by_o wind._n 15_o why_o such_o body_n be_v least_o smell_v which_o have_v least_o intermixture_n of_o air_n in_o they_o 16_o why_o odorous_a thing_n become_v more_o odorous_a by_o be_v bruise_v 17_o the_o first_o organ_n of_o taste_v and_o why_o some_o savour_v cause_n nauseousness_n 18_o the_o first_o organ_n of_o feel_v and_o how_o we_o come_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o such_o object_n as_o be_v common_a to_o the_o touch_n and_o other_o sense_n sound_z be_v sense_n generate_v by_o the_o action_n of_o the_o medium_fw-la when_o its_o motion_n reach_v the_o ear_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o organ_n of_o sense_n now_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o medium_fw-la be_v not_o the_o sound_n itself_o but_o the_o cause_n of_o it_o for_o the_o phantasm_n which_o be_v make_v in_o we_o that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o reaction_n of_o the_o organ_n be_v proper_o that_o which_o we_o call_v sound_n the_o principal_a distinction_n of_o sound_n be_v 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time_n of_o their_o descent_n can_v be_v easy_o measure_v with_o sufficient_a exactness_n and_o also_o because_o the_o place_n near_o the_o pole_n be_v inaccessible_a nevertheless_o this_o we_o know_v that_o by_o how_o much_o the_o near_o we_o come_v to_o the_o pole_n by_o so_o much_o the_o great_a be_v the_o flake_n of_o the_o snow_n that_o fall_v and_o by_o how_o much_o the_o more_o swift_o such_o body_n descend_v as_o be_v fluid_a and_o dissipable_a by_o so_o much_o the_o small_a be_v the_o particle_n into_o which_o they_o be_v dissipate_v 5_o suppose_v therefore_o this_o to_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o descent_n of_o heavy_a body_n it_o will_v follow_v that_o their_o motion_n will_v be_v accelerate_a in_o such_o manner_n as_o that_o the_o space_n which_o be_v transmit_v by_o they_o in_o the_o several_a time_n will_v have_v to_o one_o another_o the_o same_o proportion_n which_o the_o odd_a number_n have_v in_o succession_n from_o unity_n for_o if_o the_o straight_a line_n 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number_n which_o succeed_v another_o from_o unity_n against_o this_o cause_n of_o gravity_n which_o i_o have_v give_v it_o will_v perhaps_o be_v object_v that_o if_o a_o heavy_a body_n be_v place_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o some_o hollow_a cylinder_n of_o iron_n or_o adamant_n and_o the_o bottom_n be_v turn_v upward_o the_o body_n will_v descend_v though_o the_o air_n above_o can_v depress_v it_o much_o less_o accelerate_v its_o motion_n but_o it_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v that_o there_o can_v be_v no_o cylinder_n or_o cavern_n but_o such_o as_o be_v support_v by_o the_o earth_n and_o be_v so_o support_v be_v together_o with_o the_o earth_n carry_v about_o by_o its_o diurnal_a motion_n for_o by_o this_o mean_v the_o bottom_n of_o the_o cylinder_n will_v be_v as_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o by_o thrust_v off_o the_o next_o and_o low_a air_n will_v make_v the_o uppermost_a air_n depress_v the_o heavy_a body_n which_o be_v at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o cylinder_n in_o such_o manner_n as_o be_v above_o explicate_v 6_o the_o gravity_n of_o water_n be_v so_o great_a as_o by_o experience_n we_o find_v it_o be_v the_o reason_n be_v demand_v by_o many_o why_o those_o that_o dive_v how_o deep_a soever_o they_o go_v under_o water_n do_v not_o at_o all_o feel_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o water_n which_o lie_v upon_o they_o and_o the_o cause_n seem_v to_o be_v this_o that_o all_o body_n by_o how_o much_o the_o heavy_a they_o be_v by_o so_o much_o the_o great_a be_v the_o endeavour_n by_o which_o they_o tend_v downward_o but_o the_o body_n of_o a_o man_n be_v heavy_a than_o so_o much_o water_n as_o be_v equal_a to_o it_o in_o magnitude_n and_o therefore_o the_o endeavour_n downward_o of_o a_o man_n body_n be_v great_a than_o that_o of_o water_n and_o see_v all_o endeavour_n be_v motion_n the_o body_n also_o of_o a_o man_n will_v be_v carry_v towards_o the_o bottom_n with_o great_a velocity_n than_o so_o much_o water_n wherefore_o there_o be_v great_a reaction_n 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within_o the_o water_n let_v of_o in_o the_o 3d_o figure_n be_v a_o body_n float_v in_o the_o water_n abcd_v and_o let_v the_o part_n e_o be_v above_o and_o the_o other_o part_n f_o under_o the_o water_n i_o say_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o weight_n of_o so_o much_o water_n as_o the_o space_n f_o will_v receive_v for_o see_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o body_n of_o force_v the_o water_n out_o of_o the_o space_n f_o and_o place_v it_o upon_o the_o superficies_n ab_fw-la where_o it_o press_v downward_o it_o follow_v that_o from_o the_o resistance_n of_o the_o bottom_n there_o will_v also_o be_v a_o endeavour_n upward_o and_o see_v again_o that_o by_o this_o endeavour_n of_o the_o water_n upward_o the_o body_n of_o be_v lift_v up_o it_o follow_v that_o if_o the_o endeavour_n of_o the_o body_n downward_o be_v not_o equal_a to_o the_o endeavour_n of_o the_o water_n upward_o either_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o will_n by_o reason_n of_o that_o inequality_n of_o their_o endeavour_n or_o moment_n be_v raise_v out_o of_o the_o water_n or_o else_o it_o will_v descend_v to_o the_o bottom_n but_o it_o be_v suppose_v to_o stand_v so_o as_o neither_o to_o ascend_v nor_o descend_v wherefore_o there_o be_v a_o aequilibrium_fw-la between_o the_o two_o endeavour_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o body_n of_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o weight_n of_o so_o much_o water_n as_o the_o space_n f_o will_v receive_v which_o be_v to_o be_v prove_v 8_o from_o hence_o it_o follow_v that_o any_o body_n of_o how_o great_a magnitude_n soever_o provide_v it_o consist_v of_o matter_n less_o heavy_a than_o water_n may_v nevertheless_o float_v upon_o any_o quantity_n of_o water_n how_o little_a soever_o let_v abcd_n in_o the_o four_o figure_n be_v a_o vessel_n and_o in_o it_o let_v efgh_o be_v a_o body_n consist_v of_o matter_n which_o be_v less_o heavy_a than_o water_n and_o let_v the_o space_n agcf_n be_v fill_v with_o water_n i_o say_v the_o body_n efgh_o will_v not_o sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n dc_o for_o see_v the_o matter_n of_o the_o body_n efgh_n be_v less_o heavy_a than_o water_n if_o the_o whole_a space_n without_o abcd_n be_v full_a of_o water_n yet_o some_o part_n of_o the_o body_n efgh_o as_o efik_n will_v be_v above_o the_o water_n and_o the_o weight_n of_o so_o much_o water_n as_o will_v fill_v the_o space_n ighk_n will_v be_v equal_a to_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n efgh_o and_o consequent_o gh_a will_v not_o touch_v the_o bottom_n dc_o as_o for_o the_o side_n of_o the_o vessel_n it_o be_v no_o matter_n whether_o they_o be_v hard_a or_o fluid_a for_o they_o serve_v only_o to_o terminate_v the_o water_n which_o may_v be_v do_v as_o well_o by_o water_n as_o by_o any_o other_o matter_n how_o hard_o soever_o and_o the_o water_n without_o the_o vessel_n be_v terminate_v somewhere_o so_o as_o that_o it_o can_v spread_v no_o further_o the_o part_n therefore_o efig_n will_v be_v extant_a above_o the_o water_n agcf_n which_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o vessel_n wherefore_o the_o body_n efgh_o will_v also_o float_v upon_o the_o water_n agcf_n how_o little_a soever_o that_o water_n be_v which_o be_v to_o be_v demonstrate_v 9_o in_o the_o four_o article_n of_o the_o 26_o chapter_n there_o be_v bring_v for_o the_o prove_v of_o vacuum_n the_o experiment_n of_o water_n enclose_v in_o a_o vessel_n which_o water_n the_o orifice_n above_o be_v open_v be_v eject_v upward_o by_o the_o impulsion_n of_o the_o air_n it_o be_v therefore_o demand_v see_v water_n be_v heavy_a than_o air_n how_o that_o can_v be_v do_v let_v the_o second_o figure_n of_o the_o same_o 26_o chap._n be_v consider_v where_o the_o water_n be_v with_o great_a force_n inject_v by_o
to_o be_v settle_v any_o where_o as_o at_o h._n if_o now_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o air_n be_v augment_v the_o water_n will_v descend_v below_o h_n and_o if_o the_o heat_n be_v diminish_v it_o will_v ascend_v above_o it_o which_o though_o it_o be_v certain_o know_v to_o be_v true_a by_o experience_n the_o cause_n nevertheless_o have_v not_o as_o yet_o be_v discover_v in_o the_o 6_o and_o 7_o article_n of_o the_o 27_o chapter_n where_o i_o consider_v the_o cause_n of_o cold_a i_o have_v show_v that_o fluid_a body_n be_v make_v cold_a by_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n that_o be_v to_o say_v by_o a_o constant_a wind_n that_o press_v they_o for_o the_o same_o cause_n it_o be_v that_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n be_v press_v at_o f_o and_o have_v no_o place_n to_o which_o it_o may_v retire_v from_o this_o pressure_n beside_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o cylinder_n between_o h_n and_o e_o it_o be_v therefore_o necessary_o force_v thither_o by_o the_o cold_a and_o consequent_o it_o ascend_v more_o or_o less_o according_a as_o the_o cold_a be_v more_o or_o less_o increase_v and_o again_o as_o the_o heat_n be_v more_o intense_a or_o the_o cold_a more_o remiss_a the_o same_o water_n will_v be_v depress_v more_o or_o less_o by_o its_o own_o gravity_n that_o be_v to_o say_v by_o the_o cause_n of_o gravity_n above_o explicate_v 13_o also_o live_v creature_n though_o they_o be_v heavy_a can_v by_o leap_v swim_v &_o fly_v raise_v themselves_o to_o a_o certain_a degree_n of_o height_n but_o they_o can_v do_v this_o except_o they_o be_v support_v by_o some_o resist_a body_n as_o the_o earth_n the_o water_n and_o the_o air_n for_o these_o motion_n have_v their_o beginning_n from_o the_o contraction_n by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o body_n animate_v for_o to_o this_o contraction_n there_o succee_v a_o distension_n of_o their_o whole_a body_n by_o which_o distension_n the_o earth_n the_o water_n or_o the_o air_n which_o support_v they_o be_v press_v and_o from_o hence_o by_o the_o reaction_n of_o those_o press_a body_n live_v creature_n acquire_v a_o endeavour_n upward_o but_o such_o as_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o gravity_n of_o their_o body_n be_v present_o lose_v again_o by_o this_o endeavour_n therefore_o it_o be_v that_o live_v creature_n raise_v themselves_o up_o a_o little_a way_n by_o leap_v but_o to_o no_o great_a purpose_n but_o by_o swim_v &_o fly_v they_o raise_v themselves_o to_o a_o great_a height_n because_o before_o the_o effect_n of_o their_o endeavour_n be_v quite_o extinguish_v by_o the_o gravity_n of_o their_o body_n they_o can_v renew_v the_o same_o endeavour_n again_o that_o by_o the_o power_n of_o the_o soul_n without_o any_o antecedent_n contraction_n of_o the_o muscle_n or_o the_o help_n of_o something_o to_o support_v he_o any_o man_n can_v be_v able_a to_o raise_v his_o body_n upward_o be_v a_o childish_a conceit_n for_o if_o it_o be_v true_a a_o man_n may_v raise_v himself_o to_o what_o height_n he_o please_v 14_o the_o diaphanous_a medium_fw-la which_o surround_v the_o eye_n on_o all_o fides_fw-la be_v invisible_a nor_o be_v air_n to_o be_v see_v in_o air_n nor_o water_n in_o water_n nor_o any_o thing_n but_o that_o which_o be_v more_o opacous_a but_o in_o the_o confine_n of_o two_o diaphanous_a body_n one_o of_o they_o may_v be_v distinguish_v from_o the_o other_o it_o be_v not_o therefore_o a_o thing_n so_o very_o ridiculous_a for_o ordinary_a people_n to_o think_v all_o that_o space_n empty_a in_o which_o we_o say_v be_v air_n it_o be_v the_o work_n of_o reason_n to_o make_v we_o conceive_v that_o the_o air_n be_v any_o thing_n for_o by_o which_o of_o our_o sense_n be_v it_o that_o we_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o air_n see_v we_o neither_o see_v nor_o hear_v nor_o taste_n nor_o smell_v nor_o feel_v it_o to_o be_v any_o thing_n when_o we_o feel_v heat_n we_o do_v not_o impute_v it_o to_o the_o air_n but_o to_o the_o fire_n nor_o do_v we_o say_v the_o air_n be_v cold_a but_o we_o ourselves_o be_v cold_a and_o when_o we_o feel_v the_o wind_n we_o rather_o think_v something_o be_v come_v then_o that_o any_o thing_n be_v already_o come_v also_o we_o do_v not_o at_o all_o feel_v the_o weight_n of_o water_n in_o water_n much_o less_o of_o air_n in_o air_n that_o we_o come_v to_o know_v that_o to_o be_v a_o body_n which_o we_o call_v air_n it_o be_v by_o reason_v but_o it_o be_v from_o one_o reason_n only_o namely_o because_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o remote_a body_n to_o work_v upon_o our_o organ_n of_o sense_n but_o by_o the_o help_n of_o body_n intermediate_v without_o which_o we_o can_v have_v no_o sense_n of_o they_o till_o they_o come_v to_o be_v contiguous_a wherefore_o from_o the_o sense_n alone_o without_o reason_v from_o effect_n we_o can_v have_v sufficient_a evidence_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o body_n for_o there_o be_v underground_o in_o some_o mine_n of_o coal_n a_o certain_a matter_n of_o a_o middle_a nature_n between_o water_n and_o aire_n which_o nevertheless_o can_v by_o sense_n be_v distinguish_v from_o air_n for_o it_o be_v as_o diaphanous_a as_o the_o pure_a air_n and_o as_o far_o as_o sense_n can_v judge_v equal_o penetrable_a but_o if_o we_o look_v upon_o the_o effect_n it_o be_v like_a that_o of_o water_n for_o when_o that_o matter_n break_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n into_o one_o of_o those_o pit_n it_o fill_v the_o same_o either_o total_o or_o to_o some_o degree_n and_o if_o a_o man_n or_o fire_n be_v then_o let_v down_o into_o it_o it_o extinguish_v they_o in_o almost_o as_o little_a time_n as_o water_n will_v do_v but_o for_o the_o better_a understanding_n of_o this_o phaenomenon_n i_o shall_v describe_v the_o 6_o figure_n in_o which_o let_v a_o b_o represent_v the_o pit_n of_o the_o mine_n and_o let_v part_n thereof_o namely_o c_o b_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v fill_v with_o that_o matter_n if_o now_o a_o light_a candle_n be_v let_v down_o into_o it_o below_o c_o it_o will_v as_o sudden_o be_v extinguish_v as_o if_o it_o be_v thrust_v into_o water_n also_o if_o a_o grate_n fill_v with_o coal_n thorough_o kindle_v and_o burn_v never_o so_o bright_o be_v let_v down_o as_o soon_o as_o ever_o it_o be_v below_o c_o the_o fire_n will_v begin_v to_o grow_v pale_a and_o short_o after_o lose_v its_o light_n be_v extinguish_v no_o otherwise_o then_o if_o it_o be_v quench_v in_o water_n but_o if_o the_o grate_n be_v draw_v up_o again_o present_o while_o the_o coal_n be_v still_o very_o hot_a the_o fire_n will_v by_o little_a and_o little_o be_v kindle_v again_o and_o shine_v as_o before_o there_o be_v indeed_o between_o this_o matter_n &_o water_v this_o considerable_a difference_n that_o it_o neither_o wet_v nor_o stick_v to_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v put_v down_o into_o it_o as_o water_n do_v which_o by_o the_o moisture_n it_o leave_v hinder_v the_o kindle_v again_o of_o the_o matter_n once_o extinguish_v in_o like_a manner_n if_o a_o man_n be_v let_v down_o below_o c_o he_o will_v present_o fall_v into_o a_o great_a difficulty_n of_o breathe_v and_o immediate_o after_o into_o a_o swoon_n and_o die_v unless_o he_o be_v sudden_o draw_v up_o again_o they_o therefore_o that_o go_v down_o into_o these_o pit_n have_v this_o custom_n that_o as_o soon_o as_o ever_o they_o feel_v themselves_o sick_a they_o shake_v the_o rope_n by_o which_o they_o be_v let_v down_o to_o signify_v they_o be_v not_o well_o and_o to_o the_o end_n that_o they_o may_v speedy_o be_v pull_v up_o again_o for_o if_o a_o man_n be_v draw_v out_o too_o late_a void_a of_o sense_n and_o motion_n they_o dig_v up_o a_o turf_n and_o put_v his_o face_n and_o mouth_n into_o the_o fresh_a earth_n by_o which_o mean_v unless_o he_o be_v quite_o dead_a he_o come_v to_o himself_o again_o by_o little_a and_o little_a and_o recover_v life_n by_o the_o breathe_n out_o as_o it_o be_v of_o that_o suffocate_a matter_n which_o he_o have_v suck_v in_o while_o he_o be_v in_o the_o pit_n almost_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o they_o that_o be_v drown_v come_v to_o themselves_o again_o by_o vomit_v up_o the_o water_n but_o this_o do_v not_o happen_v in_o all_o mine_n but_o in_o some_o only_o and_o in_o those_o not_o always_o but_o often_o in_o such_o pit_n as_o be_v subject_a to_o it_o they_o use_v this_o remedy_n they_o dig_v another_o pit_n as_o de_fw-fr close_o by_o it_o of_o equal_a depth_n and_o join_v they_o both_o together_o with_o one_o common_a channel_n of_o they_o make_v a_o fire_n in_o the_o bottom_n e_o which_o carry_v out_o at_o d_o the_o air_n contain_v in_o the_o pit_n de_fw-fr and_o this_o draw_v with_o it_o the_o air_n contain_v in_o the_o channel_n of_o which_o
in_o like_a manner_n be_v follow_v by_o the_o noxious_a matter_n contain_v in_o cb_n &_o by_o this_o mean_v the_o pit_n be_v for_o that_o time_n make_v healthful_a out_o of_o this_o history_n which_o i_o write_v only_o to_o such_o as_o have_v have_v experience_n of_o the_o truth_n of_o it_o without_o any_o design_n to_o support_v my_o philosophy_n with_o story_n of_o doubtful_a credit_n may_v be_v collect_v the_o follow_v possible_a cause_n of_o this_o phaenomenon_n namely_o that_o there_o be_v a_o certain_a matter_n fluid_fw-la &_o most_o transparent_a and_o not_o much_o light_a than_o water_n which_o break_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n fill_v the_o pit_n to_o c_o and_o that_o in_o this_o matter_n as_o in_o water_n both_o fire_n and_o live_a creature_n be_v extinguish_v 15_o about_o the_o nature_n of_o heavy_a body_n the_o great_a difficulty_n arise_v from_o the_o contemplation_n of_o those_o thing_n which_o make_v other_o heavy_a body_n ascend_v to_o they_o such_o be_v jet_n amber_n and_o the_o loadstone_n but_o that_o which_o trouble_v man_n most_o be_v the_o loadstone_n which_o be_v also_o call_v lapis_fw-la herculeus_fw-la a_o stone_n though_o otherwise_o despicable_a yet_o of_o so_o great_a power_n that_o it_o take_v up_o iron_n from_o the_o earth_n and_o hold_v it_o suspend_v in_o the_o air_n as_o hercules_n do_v antaeus_n nevertheless_o we_o wonder_v at_o it_o somewhat_o the_o less_o because_o we_o see_v jet_n draw_v up_o straw_n which_o be_v heavy_a body_n though_o not_o so_o heavy_a as_o iron_n but_o as_o for_o jet_n it_o must_v first_o be_v excite_v by_o rub_v that_o be_v to_o say_v by_o motion_n to_o and_o fro_o whereas_o the_o loadstone_n have_v sufficient_a excitation_n from_o its_o own_o nature_n that_o be_v to_o say_v from_o some_o internal_a principle_n of_o motion_n peculiar_a to_o itself_o now_o whatsoever_o be_v move_v be_v move_v by_o some_o contiguous_a and_o move_v body_n as_o have_v be_v former_o demonstrate_v and_o from_o hence_o it_o follow_v evident_o that_o the_o first_o endeavour_n which_o iron_n have_v towards_o the_o loadstone_n be_v cause_v by_o the_o motion_n of_o that_o air_n which_o be_v contiguous_a to_o the_o iron_n also_o that_o this_o motion_n be_v generate_v by_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o next_o air_n and_o so_o on_o successive_o till_o by_o this_o succession_n we_o find_v that_o the_o motion_n of_o all_o the_o intermediate_v air_n take_v its_o beginning_n from_o some_o motion_n which_o be_v in_o the_o loadstone_n itself_o which_o motion_n because_o the_o loadstone_n seem_v to_o be_v at_o rest_n be_v invisible_a it_o be_v therefore_o certain_a that_o the_o attractive_a power_n of_o the_o loadstone_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o some_o motion_n of_o the_o small_a particle_n thereof_o suppose_v therefore_o that_o those_o small_a body_n of_o which_o the_o loadstone_n be_v in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n compose_v have_v by_o nature_n such_o motion_n or_o endeavour_v as_o be_v above_o attribute_v to_o jet_v namely_o a_o reciprocal_a motion_n in_o a_o line_n too_o short_a to_o be_v see_v both_o those_o stone_n will_v have_v one_o &_o the_o same_o cause_n of_o attraction_n now_o in_o what_o manner_n and_o in_o what_o order_n of_o work_v this_o cause_n produce_v the_o effect_n of_o attraction_n be_v the_o thing_n to_o be_v inquire_v and_o first_o we_o know_v that_o when_o the_o string_n of_o a_o lute_n or_o viol._n be_v strike_v the_o vibration_n that_o be_v the_o reciprocal_a motion_n of_o that_o string_n in_o the_o same_o straight_a line_n cause_v like_o vibration_n in_o another_o string_n which_o have_v like_o tension_n we_o know_v also_o that_o the_o dregs_o or_o small_a sand_n which_o sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o a_o vessel_n will_v be_v raise_v up_o from_o the_o bottom_n by_o any_o strong_a and_o reciprocal_a agitation_n of_o the_o water_n stir_v with_o the_o hand_n or_o with_o a_o staff_n why_o therefore_o shall_v not_o reciprocal_a motion_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o loadstone_n contribute_v as_o much_o towards_o the_o move_n of_o iron_n for_o if_o in_o the_o loadstone_n there_o be_v suppose_v such_o reciprocal_a motion_n or_o motion_n of_o the_o part_n forward_o and_o backward_o it_o will_v follow_v that_o the_o like_a motion_n will_v be_v propagate_v by_o the_o air_n to_o the_o iron_n and_o consequent_o that_o there_o will_v be_v in_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o iron_n the_o same_o reciprocation_n or_o motion_n forward_o and_o backward_o and_o from_o hence_o also_o it_o will_v follow_v that_o the_o intermediate_v air_n between_o the_o stone_n and_o the_o iron_n will_v by_o little_a and_o little_o be_v thrust_v away_o and_o the_o air_n be_v thrust_v away_o the_o body_n of_o the_o loadstone_n and_o the_o iron_n will_v necessary_o come_v together_o the_o possible_a cause_n therefore_o why_o the_o loadstone_n and_o jet_n draw_v to_o they_o the_o one_o iron_n the_o other_o straw_n may_v be_v this_o that_o those_o attract_v body_n have_v reciprocal_a motion_n either_o in_o a_o straight_a line_n or_o in_o a_o elliptical_a line_n when_o there_o be_v nothing_o in_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o attract_a body_n which_o be_v repugnant_a to_o such_o a_o motion_n but_o why_o the_o loadstone_n if_o with_o the_o help_n of_o cork_n it_o float_v at_o liberty_n upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n shall_v from_o any_o position_n whatsoever_o so_o place_n itself_o in_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o meridian_n as_o that_o the_o same_o point_n which_o at_o one_o time_n of_o its_o be_v at_o rest_n respect_v the_o pole_n of_o the_o earth_n shall_v at_o all_o other_o time_n respect_v the_o same_o pole_n the_o cause_n may_v be_v this_o that_o the_o reciprocal_a motion_n which_o i_o suppose_v to_o be_v in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o stone_n be_v make_v in_o a_o line_n parallel_n to_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o have_v be_v in_o those_o part_n ever_o since_o the_o stone_n be_v generate_v see_v therefore_o the_o stone_n while_o it_o remain_v in_o the_o mine_n and_o be_v carry_v about_o together_o with_o the_o earth_n by_o its_o diurnal_a motion_n do_v by_o length_n of_o time_n get_v a_o habit_n of_o be_v move_v in_o a_o line_n which_o be_v perpendicular_a to_o the_o line_n of_o its_o reciprocal_a motion_n it_o will_v afterward_o though_o its_o axis_fw-la be_v remove_v from_o the_o parallel_n situation_n it_o have_v with_o the_o axis_fw-la of_o the_o earth_n retain_v its_o endeavour_n of_o return_v to_o that_o situation_n again_o and_o all_o endeavour_n be_v the_o beginning_n of_o motion_n and_o nothing_o intervening_a that_n may_v hinder_v the_o same_o the_o loadstone_n will_v therefore_o return_v to_o its_o former_a situation_n for_o any_o piece_n of_o iron_n that_o have_v for_o a_o long_a time_n rest_v in_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o meridian_n whensoever_o it_o be_v force_v from_o that_o situation_n and_o afterward_o leave_v to_o its_o own_o liberty_n again_o will_v of_o itself_o return_v to_o lie_v in_o the_o meridian_n again_o which_o return_n be_v cause_v by_o the_o endeavour_n it_o acquire_v from_o the_o diurnal_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o parallel_a circle_n which_o be_v perpendicular_a to_o the_o meridian_n if_o iron_n be_v rub_v by_o the_o loadstone_n draw_v from_o one_o pole_n to_o the_o other_o two_o thing_n will_v happen_v one_o that_o the_o iron_n will_v acquire_v the_o same_o direction_n with_o the_o loadstone_n that_o be_v to_o say_v that_o it_o will_v lie_v in_o the_o meridian_n and_o have_v its_o axis_n and_o pole_n in_o the_o same_o position_n with_o those_o of_o the_o stone_n the_o other_o that_o the_o like_a pole_n of_o the_o stone_n and_o of_o the_o iron_n will_v avoid_v one_o another_o and_o the_o unlike_a pole_n approach_v one_o another_o and_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o former_a may_v be_v this_o that_o iron_n be_v touch_v by_o motion_n which_o be_v not_o reciprocal_a but_o draw_v the_o same_o way_n from_o pole_n to_o pole_n there_o will_v be_v imprint_v in_o the_o iron_n also_o a_o endeavour_n from_o the_o same_o pole_n to_o the_o same_o pole_n for_o see_v the_o loadstone_n differ_v from_o iron_n no_o otherwise_o then_o as_o ore_n from_o metal_n there_o will_v be_v no_o repugnance_n at_o all_o in_o the_o iron_n to_o receive_v the_o same_o motion_n which_o be_v in_o the_o stone_n from_o whence_o it_o follow_v that_o see_v they_o be_v both_o affect_v alike_o by_o the_o diurnal_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n they_o will_v both_o equal_o return_v to_o their_o situation_n in_o the_o meridian_n whensoever_o they_o be_v put_v from_o the_o same_o also_o of_o the_o late_a this_o may_v be_v the_o cause_n that_o as_o the_o loadstone_n in_o touch_v the_o iron_n do_v by_o its_o action_n imprint_v in_o the_o iron_n a_o endeavour_n towards_o one_o of_o the_o pole_n suppose_v towards_o the_o north_n pole_n so_o reciprocal_o the_o