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Word A Word B Word C Word D Occurrence Frequency Band MI MI Band Prominent
water_n butter_n little_a put_v 4,099 5 6.0325 4 false
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ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A06946 Markhams farwell to husbandry or, The inriching of all sorts of barren and sterill grounds in our kingdome, to be as fruitfull in all manner of graine, pulse, and grasse as the best grounds whatsoeuer together with the anoyances, and preseruation of all graine and seede, from one yeare to many yeares. As also a husbandly computation of men and cattels dayly labours, their expences, charges, and vttermost profits. Attained by trauell and experience, being a worke neuer before handled by any author: and published for the good of the whole kingdome.; Farewell to husbandry Markham, Gervase, 1568?-1637. 1620 (1620) STC 17372; ESTC S112107 100,169 168

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orpull_a they_o up_o by_o the_o root_n which_o indeed_o be_v the_o better_a manner_n of_o weed_n now_o here_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v that_o your_o ground_n be_v thus_o dress_v and_o trim_v as_o be_v before_o show_v you_o year_n may_v very_o well_o for_o the_o first_o two_o year_n sow_n wheat_n or_o rye_n upon_o it_o but_o wheat_n be_v the_o great_a profit_n and_o more_o certain_a seed_n the_o three_o yearebestow_v but_o your_o fold_n of_o sheep_n upon_o it_o that_o be_v meanure_v it_o with_o your_o sheep_n for_o it_o be_v to_o be_v intend_v that_o in_o these_o barren_a earth_n sheep_n be_v the_o great_a stock_n of_o which_o the_o husband_n man_n can_v boast_v you_o may_v very_o well_o sow_v it_o with_o barley_n and_o have_v a_o fruitful_a and_o plentiful_a crop_n thereon_o the_o next_o three_o year_n you_o may_v sow_v it_o with_o oat_n and_o the_o senenth_fw-mi year_n you_o may_v sow_v it_o with_o small_a white_a garden_n pease_n or_o beanes_n according_a as_o you_o shall_v find_v the_o strength_n and_o goodness_n of_o the_o ground_n for_o bean_n desire_v somewhat_o a_o rich●…r_a soil_n than_o the_o pease_n then_o for_o three_o or_o four_o year_n follow_v the_o seven_o you_o may_v let_v it_o lie_v at_o rest_n for_o grass_n and_o doubtless_o it_o will_v yield_v you_o either_o as_o good_a pasture_n or_o as_o good_a meadow_n as_o you_o can_v reasonable_o according_a as_o the_o necessity_n of_o your_o occasion_n shall_v require_v and_o then_o after_o the_o expeence_n of_o this_o time_n it_o shall_v be_v good_a that_o you_o dress_v and_o order_v your_o ground_n again_o in_o such_o sort_n as_o be_v former_o declare_v and_o thus_o you_o may_v every_o year_n dress_v one_o or_o other_o piece_n of_o ground_n till_o you_o have_v go_v over_o all_o your_o ground_n or_o at_o least_o as_o much_o as_o you_o shall_v think_v expedient_a and_o without_o fail_v he_o that_o be_v master_n of_o the_o most_o fruitfull_a and_o rich_a soil_n shall_v not_o boast_v of_o any_o great_a increase_n than_o you_o shall_v only_o your_o charge_n may_v be_v a_o little_a more_o and_o so_o shall_v be_v also_o your_o commoditi●…_n which_o shall_v make_v a_o amends_o for_o your_o charge_n as_o for_o your_o toil_n you_o shall_v be_v much_o the_o less_o by_o a_o just_a computation_n for_o though_o you_o have_v many_o labour_n yet_o they_o be_v but_o summer_n labour_v and_o neither_o hurt_n your_o own_o body_n nor_o your_o cattle_n whereas_o the_o master_n of_o the_o rich_a soil_n be_v in_o continual_a work_n both_o winter_n and_o summer_n labour_v twice_o so_o much_o to_o confound_v the_o superfluous_a growth_n of_o weed_n as_o you_o do_v to_o beget_v the_o increase_n of_o corn_n and_o whereas_o he_o must_v ever_o keep_v a_o three_o or_o four_o part_n of_o his_o corn-ground_n without_o fruit_n you_o shall_v not_o keep_v any_o which_o shall_v not_o yield_v you_o a_o sufficient_a commodity_n now_o i_o think_v i_o hear_v in_o this_o place_n to_o be_v object_v objection_n unto_o i_o that_o whereas_o i_o do_v prescribe_v the_o sanding_n of_o these_o barren_a earth_n with_o the_o salt_n sea-sand_n and_o no_o other_o as_o it_o be_v true_a for_o all_o other_o fresh_a sand_n be_v unavaileable_a what_o if_o the_o ground_n do_v lie_v so_o far_o within_o the_o land_n that_o there_o be_v no_o salt_n sand_n within_o many_o score_n of_o mile_n of_o it_o how_o then_o shall_v i_o make_v good_a my_o barren_a earth_n sure_a to_o fetch_v sand_n so_o far_o will_v never_o equal_v the_o cost_n or_o it_o may_v be_v this_o experience_n have_v no_o further_a limit_n then_o to_o such_o hard_a and_o barren_a earth_n as_o lie_v alongst_o the_o sea_n coast_n only_o to_o this_o i_o answer_v that_o al-be_a this_o salt_n sea_n sand_n be_v of_o answer_n infinite_a good_a and_o necessary_a use_n enrich_v ground_n wonderful_o much_o yet_o be_v not_o this_o experience_n of_o better_v of_o barren_a soil_n so_o strict_o filter_v or_o bind_v thereunto_o but_o that_o without_o any_o use_n of_o the_o 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ever_o it_o be_v whether_o gorse_n fur_n or_o broome_n as_o close_v and_o near_o unto_o the_o ground_n as_o you_o can_v possible_o and_o then_o make_v they_o up_o into_o sheaf_n or_o big_a faggot_n carry_v they_o home_o and_o stack_n they_o up_o very_o dry_a so_o as_o no_o rain_n may_v enter_v or_o pierce_v into_o they_o for_o the_o small_a wet_a will_n rot_v and_o consume_v they_o to_o dirt_n and_o filthiness_n which_o do_v you_o shall_v make_v labourer_n with_o hack_n pick_n and_o such_o like_a tool_n to_o stub_n up_o ail_v the_o root_n which_o you_o leave_v in_o the_o ground_n even_o to_o the_o very_a bottom_n of_o the_o same_o and_o these_o root_n you_o shall_v be_v very_o careful_a to_o have_v stub_a up_o exceed_a clean_a by_o no_o mean_n leave_v so_o near_o as_o you'can_v any_o part_n or_o parcel_n of_o the_o root_n behind_o you_o then_o these_o root_n thus_o stub_a up_o you_o shall_v diligent_o gather_v together_o into_o little_a heap_n as_o big_a as_o moale-hil_n and_o place_v 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straw_n mud_n of_o pond_n and_o ditch_n the_o spytel_v of_o house-floore_n or_o sweep_n of_o channel_n and_o streere_n or_o such_o like_a or_o manure_n for_o want_n of_o all_o these_o in_o case_n you_o dwell_v near_o unto_o the_o sea-coast_n where_o mean●…_n for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v in_o great_a scarcity_n and_o the_o hard_a to_o be_v come_v by_o you_o shall_v gather_v from_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o rock_n where_o the_o seydge_v of_o the_o sea_n continual_o beat_v a_o certain_a black_a weed_n whica_fw-la they_o call_v hemp_n weed_n have_v great_a broad_a leaf_n and_o grow_v in_o great_a abundance_n in_o thick_a tuft_n and_o hang_v together_o like_o peas-straw_n and_o with_o these_o weed_n you_o shall_v cover_v your_o land_n all_o over_o of_o a_o pretty_a good_a thickness_n plough_v and_o then_o forth_o with_o you_o shall_v plough_v it_o again_o somewhat_o deep_o and_o with_o somewhat_o great_a furrow_n than_o before_o raise_v up_o the_o new_a quick_a earth_n to_o intermingle_v and_o mix_v with_o those_o meanure_n and_o help_n which_o you_o have_v former_o prepare_v and_o lay_v upon_o the_o ground_n then_o shall_v you_o again_o hack_v it_o and_o harrow_v it_o then_o shall_v you_o take_v pigeon_n dung_n or_o pullens_n dung_n that_o be_v any_o kind_n meanure_n of_o land_n foul_a whatsoever_o but_o by_o no_o mean_n any_o water_n foul_a or_o pigeon_n dung_n and_o pullens_n dung_n mix_v together_o and_o allow_v to_o every_o acre_n two_o or_o three_o bushel_n thereof_o which_o be_v the_o true_a quantity_n of_o seed_n proportion_v for_o the_o same_o and_o this_o dung_n be_v break_v and_o mash_v into_o small_a piece_n you_o shall_v put_v into_o your_o sydlop_n or_o hopper_n and_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o you_o sow_v your_o corn_n you_o shall_v sow_v this_o dung_n upon_o the_o ground_n and_o then_o immediate_o after_o it_o you_o shall_v sow_v your_o wheat_n either_o steep_v in_o brine_n or_o salt_n sea-water_n or_o unsteept_v as_o you_o shall_v think_v good_a but_o in_o case_n you_o can_v neither_o get_v salt_n sand_n nor_o sea-rocke_n weed_n than_o you_o shall_v by_o no_o mean_n omit_v the_o steep_v of_o your_o seed_n neither_o shall_v you_o fail_v before_o you_o sow_v your_o seed_n to_o mix_v with_o your_o pigeon_n and_o pullens_n dung_n a_o full_a equal_a part_n of_o m●…nures_n bay_a salt_n well_o dry_v and_o break_v and_o so_o sow_v with_o the_o dung_n upon_o the_o land_n and_o then_o the_o seed_n after_o it_o which_o do_v you_o shall_v harrow_n it_o again_o clotit_fw-la sleight_v it_o and_o smooth_a it_o in_o such_o sort_n as_o be_v former_o declare_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n for_o these_o labour_n have_v no_o alteration_n but_o must_v in_o all_o point_n be_v do_v as_o be_v before_o set_v down_o now_o touch_v the_o weed_n of_o this_o earth_n after_o the_o weed_n corn_n begin_v to_o grow_v above_o the_o ground_n there_o be_v no_o fear_n to_o be_v have_v either_o of_o thistle_n tare_n cockle_n darnell_n dock_n and_o such_o like_a strong_a weed_n which_o indeed_o be_v the_o issue_n of_o good_a groundsill_n order_v and_o handle_v but_o the_o weed_n which_o you_o shall_v most_o fear_v in_o this_o place_n be_v young_a gorse_n or_o fur_n or_o else_o young_a broome_n which_o be_v very_o apt_a to_o grow_v from_o the_o left_a part_n or_o parcel_n of_o root_n that_o shall_v be_v leave_v behind_o nay_o the_o very_a nature_n of_o those_o barren_a earth_n be_v such_o that_o of_o the_o one_o accord_n it_o will_v bring_v forth_o those_o weed_n the_o cold_a sharpness_n of_o the_o air_n mix_v with_o the_o fterrility_n and_o roughness_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v the_o cause_n that_o it_o will_v give_v life_n to_o no_o other_o better_a plant_n therefore_o so_o soon_o as_o you_o shall_v behold_v any_o of_o they_o to_o appear_v above_o the_o earth_n though_o they_o be_v not_o half_a a_o singer_n high_a you_o shall_v present_o with_o all_o diligence_n pull_v they_o up_o by_o the_o root_n and_o cast_v they_o away_o or_o lay_v they_o in_o heap_n that_o they_o may_v be_v afterward_o burn_v and_o the_o ash_n sprinkle_v upon_o the_o ground_n and_o herein_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o young_a and_o the_o soon_o that_o you_o do_v pull_v up_o these_o weed_n the_o better_a it_o be_v and_o the_o easy_o they_o will_v come_v from_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o soon_o be_v destroy_v for_o all_o those_o mixture_n where_o with_o already_o you_o have_v be_v teach_v to_o mix_v your_o earth_n be_v in_o themselves_o such_o natural_a enemy_n to_o all_o these_o kind_n of_o barren_a weed_n that_o shall_v you_o omit_v the_o manual_a labour_n of_o destroy_v they_o which_o no_o good_a husband_n willing_o will_v do_v yet_o in_o time_n the_o earth_n of_o itself_o and_o
and_o assoon_o as_o you_o see_v they_o appear_v both_o yourself_o and_o your_o people_n with_o your_o hand_n shall_v pull_v they_o up_o by_o the_o root_n and_o so_o weed_v your_o land_n as_o you_o will_v weed_v a_o garden_n or_o woad_n ground_n now_o if_o at_o this_o first_o weed_n which_o will_v be_v at_o the_o latter_a spring_n common_o call_v michaelmas_n or_o the_o winter_n spring_n you_o happen_v to_o omit_v &_o let_v some_o weed_n pass_v your_o hand_n unpul_v up_o which_o very_o well_o may_v chance_v in_o so_o great_a a_o work_n you_o ●…hal_v then_o the_o summer_n spring_n next_o follow_v see_v they_o as_o hie_v or_o peradventure_o high_a than_o the_o corn_n with_o your_o wooden_a nipper_n pull_v they_o up_o by_o the_o root_n from_o the_o ground_n and_o so_o cast_v they_o away_o as_o touch_v the_o cut_v they_o up_o close_o by_o the_o ground_n with_o ordinary_a weedhooke_n i_o do_v in_o no_o sort_n allow_v it_o for_o these_o kind_n of_o weed_n be_v so_o apt_a to_o grow_v and_o also_o so_o swift_a in_o growth_n that_o if_o you_o cut_v they_o never_o so_o close_o in_o the_o spring_n yet_o they_o will_v again_o overmount_v the_o corn_n before_o harvest_n and_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o greatness_n roughness_n and_o much_o hardness_n choke_v and_o slay_v much_o corn_n that_o shall_v grow_v about_o they_o and_o therefore_o by_o all_o mean_v you_o shall_v pull_v these_o weed_n up_o by_o the_o root_n whilst_o they_o be_v tender_a if_o possible_o you_o can_v or_o otherwise_o in_o their_o strong_a growth_n since_o their_o sufferance_n breed_v great_a loss_n and_o destruction_n and_o thus_o much_o touch_v the_o plow_a order_v dress_v and_o enrich_v of_o all_o barren_a sand_n that_o be_v lade_v and_o overrun_v with_o twitch_n wild_a briar_n or_o woody_a undergrowth_n chap._n ix_o of_o the_o plough_v tilling_n order_v and_o enrich_v of_o all_o barren_a sand_n which_o be_v overrun_v with_o moor_n or_o morish_a stink_a long_a grass_n unto_o these_o foregoing_a barren_a sand_n of_o which_o i_o have_v already_o write_v i_o will_v last_o join_v this_o last_o barren_a sand_n be_v of_o all_o earth_n whether_o clay_n or_o sand_n the_o most_o barren_a and_o that_o be_v that_o filthy_a black_a morish_a sand_n which_o bear_v nothing_o but_o a_o stink_a putrify_a grass_n or_o moss_n or_o moss_n and_o grass_n mix_v together_o to_o which_o not_o any_o beast_n or_o cattle_n how_o course_n or_o hardly_o breed_v soever_o will_v at_o any_o time_n lay_v their_o mouth_n and_o this_o kind_n of_o ground_n also_o be_v very_o much_o subject_n to_o marrish_n and_o quagmire_n of_o which_o that_o which_o be_v cover_v with_o moss_n or_o grass_n be_v the_o worst_a and_o that_o which_o be_v tuft_a above_o with_o rush_n the_o best_a and_o soon_o reduce_v unto_o goodness_n in_o brief_a all_o these_o kind_n of_o ground_n general_o be_v extreme_o moist_a and_o cold_a the_o ●…uperabundance_n whereof_o be_v the_o occasion_n of_o the_o infinite_a sterrillity_n and_o barrenness_n of_o the_o same_o and_o therefore_o he_o that_o be_v master_n of_o such_o unprofitable_a earth_n and_o will_v have_v it_o bring_v to_o some_o profit_n or_o goodness_n shall_v first_o consider_v the_o situation_n of_o the_o ground_n as_o whether_o it_o lie_v high_a or_o low_o for_o some_o of_o these_o marish_a ground_n lie_v low_a in_o the_o valles_n some_o on_o the_o side_n of_o hill_n and_o some_o on_o the_o top_n of_o mountain_n then_o whether_o the_o much_o moistness_n thereof_o be_v feed_v by_o river_n lake_n or_o spring_n who_o vein_n not_o have_v currant_n passage_n through_o or_o upon_o the_o earth_n spread_v soak_o over_o all_o the_o face_n thereof_o and_o so_o rot_v the_o mould_n with_o too_o much_o wet_a make_v it_o not_o only_o unpassable_a but_o also_o utter_o unprofitable_a for_o any_o good_a burden_n now_o if_o you_o find_v that_o this_o marish_a earth_n lie_v in_o fishpond_n the_o bottom_n of_o low_a vale_n as_o it_o be_v girdle_v about_o with_o hill_n or_o high_a ground_n so_o that_o beside_o the_o feed_n of_o certain_a spring_n lake_n or_o river_n every_o shower_n of_o rain_n or_o fall_v of_o water_n from_o high_a ground_n bring_v to_o these_o a_o extraordinary_a moisture_n to_o maintain_v the_o rottenness_n in_o this_o case_n this_o ground_n be_v past_a cure_n for_o grass_n or_o corn_n and_o will_v only_o be_v convert_v and_o make_v into_o a_o fishpond_n for_o the_o breed_n and_o feed_v of_o fish_n be_v a_o thing_n no_o less_o profitable_a to_o the_o husbandman_n for_o keep_v his_o house_n and_o furnish_v the_o market_n than_o the_o best_a corne-land_n he_o have_v and_o therefore_o when_o he_o make_v any_o such_o pond_n he_o shall_v first_o raise_v up_o the_o head_n thereof_o in_o the_o narrow_a part_n of_o the_o ground_n and_o this_o head_n by_o drive_v in_o of_o stack_n and_o pile_n of_o tough_a and_o hard_a wood_n as_o elm_n oak_n and_o such_o like_a and_o by_o ram_v in_o of_o the_o earth_n hard_o between_o they_o and_o sod_v the_o same_o so_o fast_o that_o the_o mould_n can_v by_o no_o mean_n be_v wear_v down_o or_o undermine_v with_o the_o water_n he_o shall_v bring_v to_o as_o firm_a earth_n as_o be_v possible_a and_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o this_o head_n he_o shall_v place_v a_o sluice_n or_o floodgate_n make_v of_o sound_n and_o clean_a oak_n timber_n and_o plank_n through_o which_o at_o any_o time_n to_o drain_v the_o pond_n when_o occasion_n shall_v serve_v and_o this_o do_v you_o shall_v dig_v the_o pond_n of_o such_o depth_n as_o the_o earth_n convenient_o will_v bear_v and_o cast_v the_o earth_n upon_o either_o side_n you_o shall_v make_v the_o bank_n as_o large_a and_o strong_a as_o the_o ground_n require_v then_o if_o any_o spring_n which_o do_v before_o feed_v the_o earth_n be_v leave_v out_o of_o the_o compass_n of_o the_o pond_n because_o it_o lie_v too_o high_a to_o be_v bring_v in_o then_o shall_v you_o by_o draw_v gutter_n or_o drayne_n from_o the_o spring_n down_o to_o the_o pond_n bring_v all_o the_o water_n of_o the_o spring_n into_o the_o pond_n and_o so_o continual_o feed_v it_o with_o fresh_a and_o sweet_a water_n then_o store_v it_o with_o fish_n of_o best_a esteem_n as_o carpe_n tench_n breame_n perch_n and_o such_o like_a and_o keep_v it_o from_o weed_n ●…he_n and_o vermin_n there_o be_v no_o doubt_n of_o the_o daily_a profit_n but_o if_o this_o marish_a and_o low_a ground_n though_o it_o lie_v low_a and_o have_v many_o spring_n fall_v upon_o it_o yet_o it_o lie_v not_o so_o extreme_a low_o but_o that_o there_o be_v some_o river_n or_o dry_a ditch_n border_v upon_o it_o which_o lie_v in_o a_o little_o low_a diffent_n so_o that_o except_o in_o case_n of_o inundation_n the_o river_n and_o ditch_n be_v free_a from_o the_o moisture_n of_o this_o ground_n but_o where_o there_o be_v any_o overslowing_a of_o water_n there_o this_o marish_a ground_n must_v needs_o be_v drown_v in_o this_o case_n this_o ground_n can_v hardly_o be_v make_v for_o corn_n because_o every_o overflow_n put_v the_o grain_n in_o danger_n yet_o may_v it_o be_v well_o convert_v to_o excellent_a pasture_n or_o meadow_n by_o find_v out_o the_o head_n of_o the_o spring_n and_o by_o open_v and_o cleanse_v they_o and_o then_o draw_v from_o those_o cleanse_a head_n narrow_a drain_v or_o furrow_n through_o which_o the_o water_n may_v pass_v to_o the_o neighbour_n ditch_n and_o so_o be_v convey_v down_o to_o the_o low_a river_n leave_v all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o ground_n dry_a and_o suffer_v no_o moisture_n to_o pass_v but_o what_o go_v through_o these_o small_a deep_a channel_n then_o as_o soon_o as_o summer_n come_v and_o the_o ground_n begin_v to_o harden_v ifyou_o see_v any_o of_o the_o water_n stand_v in_o any_o part_n of_o the_o ground_n you_o shall_v forth_o with_o mend_v the_o drain_v and_o help_v the_o water_n to_o pass_v away_o which_o do_v as_o the_o ground_n harden_v you_o shall_v with_o hack_n and_o spade_n lay_v the_o swarth_a smooth_a and_o plain_a and_o as_o early_o in_o the_o year_n as_o you_o can_v convenient_o you_o shall_v sow_v upon_o the_o ground_n good_a store_n of_o hay_n seed_n and_o if_o also_o you_o do_v manure_n it_o with_o the_o rot_a staddel_n or_o bottom_n of_o haystack_n it_o will_v be_v much_o the_o better_a and_o this_o staddell_v you_o shall_v not_o spread_v very_o thick_a but_o rather_o of_o a_o reasonable_a thinness_n that_o it_o may_v the_o soon_o rot_v and_o consume_v upon_o the_o same_o but_o if_o this_o marish_a and_o filthy_a ground_n do_v not_o lie_v so_o ground_n low_a as_o these_o low_a valley_n but_o rather_o against_o the_o top_n of_o hill_n you_o shall_v then_o first_o open_v the_o head_n of_o all_o the_o spring_v you_o can_v find_v and_o by_o