salt_n but_o this_o be_v a_o deceitful_a sign_n cause_n the_o four_o cause_n 4._o the_o four_o cause_n of_o the_o unequal_a saltness_n be_v the_o frequency_n or_o scarcity_n of_o rains_n unto_o which_o we_o may_v add_v snow_n and_o in_o the_o northern_a place_n snow_n and_o rain_n be_v frequent_a in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n they_o be_v less_o frequent_a in_o some_o part_n of_o the_o year_n and_o in_o othersome_a they_o be_v almost_o continual_a and_o therefore_o in_o these_o place_n in_o the_o pluvial_a month_n the_o water_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v not_o so_o salt_n on_o the_o shore_n and_o have_v less_o salt_n in_o it_o than_o in_o the_o dry_a month_n yea_o in_o many_o region_n of_o the_o coast_n of_o malabar_n the_o ocean_n be_v fresh_a in_o the_o pluvial_a month_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o abundance_n of_o water_n that_o flow_v from_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n gatis_n and_o fall_v into_o the_o sea_n for_o this_o very_a reason_n in_o divers_a season_n of_o the_o year_n the_o same_o ocean_n be_v of_o a_o various_a saltness_n yet_o because_o in_o the_o northern_a place_n the_o rain_n and_o snow_n be_v continual_a throughout_o the_o whole_a year_n therefore_o this_o sea_n be_v less_o salt_n than_o in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n cause_n the_o 5_o cause_n 5._o the_o five_o cause_n be_v the_o dissimilary_a solution_n or_o unequal_a faculty_n of_o the_o water_n to_o dissolve_v this_o salt_n and_o unite_v it_o to_o its_o self_n for_o hot_a water_n soon_o unit_v salt_n unto_o itself_o then_o cold_a water_n although_o therefore_o in_o the_o northern_a place_n of_o the_o ocean_n the_o shore_n and_o channel_n of_o the_o same_o contain_v more_o or_o the_o like_a quantity_n of_o salt_n that_o those_o place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n do_v yet_o because_o the_o water_n be_v there_o more_o cold_a it_o be_v not_o so_o able_a to_o dissolve_v and_o unite_v the_o salt_n to_o itself_o so_o subtle_o we_o the_o water_n in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n which_o be_v more_o hot_a cause_n the_o 6_o cause_n 6._o the_o six_o cause_n be_v the_o exoneration_n of_o many_o and_o great_a river_n into_o the_o sea_n but_o this_o cause_n only_o take_v place_n in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n that_o be_v vicine_fw-la to_o the_o shore_n but_o be_v not_o discover_v in_o the_o remote_a part_n so_o mariner_n affirm_v that_o the_o ocean_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o brasilia_n where_o the_o silver-river_n disburthen_v itself_o lose_v it_o saltness_n and_o afford_v fresh_a water_n fifteen_o mile_n distant_a from_o the_o shore_n the_o same_o be_v observe_v of_o the_o african_a ocean_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o congi_n where_o the_o river_n zaire_n exonerate_v itself_o and_o of_o many_o more_o river_n unto_o these_o add_v run_v fountain_n in_o some_o part_n of_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o ocean_n these_o be_v the_o cause_n which_o seem_v to_o concur_v to_o the_o variety_n and_o diversity_n of_o saltness_n in_o divers_a part_n of_o the_o ocean_n from_o which_o the_o saltness_n of_o every_o one_o of_o the_o sea_n may_v be_v explain_v from_o whence_o also_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o give_v a_o account_n why_o the_o water_n of_o the_o german_a and_o northern_a ocean_n be_v less_o apt_a to_o separate_v salt_n from_o itself_o by_o coction_n than_o the_o water_n of_o the_o spanish_a ocean_n the_o canary_n isle_n and_o that_o of_o cape_n verd_fw-mi whence_o the_o dutch_a fetch_v salt_n in_o great_a abundance_n and_o transport_v it_o into_o the_o northern_a region_n viz._n this_o ocean_n be_v more_o near_o the_o torrid_a zone_n and_o receive_v water_n from_o the_o ocean_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n the_o other_o be_v more_o remote_a from_o the_o frigid_a zone_n yet_o i_o can_v deny_v the_o constitution_n of_o the_o channel_n themselves_o to_o be_v more_o or_o less_o saline_a the_o sea-water_n at_o guinee_n in_o the_o ethiopic_a ocean_n afford_v salt_n at_o one_o coction_n as_o white_a as_o snow_n such_o as_o neither_o the_o spanish_a ocean_n nor_o any_o other_o in_o europe_n do_v produce_v at_o one_o coction_n or_o boil_a proposition_n xi_o why_o rain-water_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v find_v sweet_a but_o the_o water_n which_o we_o separate_v from_o the_o marine_a or_o salt-water_n either_o by_o decoction_n or_o distillation_n be_v yet_o notwithstanding_o find_v salt_n when_o yet_o the_o rain-water_n proceed_v from_o the_o vapour_n exhale_v from_o the_o sea_n salt-water_n freshwater_n abstract_v from_o salt-water_n the_o learned_a chemist_n or_o true_a naturalist_n have_v hitherto_o labour_v in_o vain_a that_o they_o may_v find_v out_o a_o art_n by_o which_o they_o may_v distil_v and_o abstract_n fresh_a water_n from_o the_o water_n of_o the_o ocean_n which_o will_v be_v of_o great_a advantage_n but_o as_o yet_o their_o labour_n have_v prove_v fruitless_a for_o although_o as_o well_o in_o the_o decoction_n as_o distillation_n salt_n may_v be_v leave_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o vessel_n yet_o the_o water_n separate_v by_o decoction_n as_o well_o as_o distillation_n be_v yet_o find_v salt_n and_o not_o fit_a for_o man_n to_o drink_v which_o seem_v wonderful_a unto_o those_o that_o be_v ignorant_a of_o the_o cause_n yet_o chemistry_n that_o be_v true_a philosophy_n have_v teach_v the_o reason_n for_o by_o the_o benefit_n of_o this_o we_o know_v that_o there_o be_v a_o twofold_a salt_n in_o body_n or_o two_o kind_n of_o salt_n which_o although_o they_o agree_v in_o taste_n yet_o they_o much_o differ_v in_o other_o quality_n one_o of_o these_o artist_n term_v fix_v the_o other_o volatile_a salt_n the_o fix_a salt_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o gravity_n be_v not_o elevate_v in_o distillation_n but_o remain_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o vessel_n but_o the_o volatile_a salt_n be_v full_a of_o spirit_n and_o indeed_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o most_o subtle_a spirit_n that_o be_v elevate_v by_o a_o very_a light_a fire_n and_o therefore_o in_o the_o distillation_n ascend_v with_o the_o fresh_a water_n and_o be_v more_o firm_o unite_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o subtlety_n of_o the_o atom_n neither_o be_v this_o volatile_a salt_n find_v only_o with_o fix_a salt_n in_o sea-water_n but_o almost_o in_o all_o body_n as_o chemistry_n prove_v by_o experience_n but_o in_o some_o in_o a_o great_a and_o in_o othersome_a in_o a_o lesser_a quantity_n in_o a_o great_a quantity_n in_o sharp_a taste_v herb_n in_o a_o lesser_a in_o oily_a herb_n therefore_o difficulty_n consist_v in_o the_o separation_n of_o this_o salt_n spirit_n or_o volatile_a salt_n from_o the_o water_n but_o why_o the_o pluvial_a water_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v no_o less_o fresh_a than_o on_o the_o land_n see_v that_o yet_o it_o be_v generate_v by_o abstraction_n of_o the_o exhalation_n of_o the_o ocean_n cause_v by_o the_o fervour_n of_o the_o sun_n or_o from_o some_o subterraneous_a fire_n which_o evaporation_n do_v little_o differ_v from_o distillation_n the_o cause_n seem_v to_o be_v fourfold_o 1._o a_o slow_a operation_n by_o which_o the_o tenuous_a part_n be_v only_o elevate_v from_o the_o ocean_n which_o although_o it_o contain_v a_o saline_a volatile_a spirit_n yet_o it_o have_v it_o in_o less_o quantity_n than_o if_o that_o this_o exhalation_n be_v cause_v by_o a_o more_o forcible_a heat_n 2._o the_o long_a way_n that_o this_o vapour_n pass_v through_o before_o that_o it_o arrive_v unto_o that_o region_n of_o the_o air_n where_o it_o be_v condensated_a into_o rain_n in_o passage_n it_o be_v possible_a that_o the_o saline_a spirit_n be_v by_o degree_n separate_v from_o the_o watery_a particle_n 3._o the_o admixture_n of_o other_o watery_a particle_n exist_v in_o the_o air_n 4._o a_o refrigeration_n coition_n and_o condensation_n of_o the_o vapour_n for_o these_o exhalation_n exhale_v from_o the_o ocean_n by_o degree_n be_v more_o and_o more_o refrigerated_a and_o be_v conjoin_v with_o other_o obvious_a and_o admix_v vapour_n they_o condense_a into_o a_o more_o thick_a vapour_n or_o cloud_n in_o this_o refrigeration_n and_o condensation_n or_o coition_n of_o the_o saline_a spirit_n with_o the_o fiery_a particle_n they_o fly_v into_o the_o more_o exalt_a part_n of_o the_o air._n now_o why_o the_o same_o be_v not_o perform_v in_o distillation_n where_o the_o vapour_n exalt_v be_v also_o condense_v the_o cause_n be_v 1._o that_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o small_a passage_n the_o saline_a spirit_n be_v as_o yet_o over_o strait_o conjoin_v to_o the_o watery_a particle_n 2._o that_o the_o vapour_n restrain_v in_o the_o vessel_n admit_v not_o a_o free_a passage_n to_o the_o evolant_fw-la spirit_n proposition_n xii_o sea-water_n be_v more_o ponderous_a than_o fresh_a water_n and_o the_o water_n of_o one_o sea_n be_v more_o heavy_a than_o another_o water_n sea_n water_n more_o heavy_a than_o fresh_a water_n the_o cause_n be_v manifest_a from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v
number_n and_o almost_o all_o send_v forth_o spring_v scaliger_n and_o other_o assert_v that_o this_o caspian_a sea_n be_v carry_v by_o a_o subterraneous_a passage_n into_o the_o euxine_a sea_n but_o he_o allege_v no_o probation_n of_o it_o yet_o that_o may_v be_v a_o sign_n by_o reason_n that_o the_o euxine_a sea_n perpetual_o send_v forth_o water_n in_o great_a abundance_n through_o the_o bosphorus_n which_o abundance_n of_o water_n some_o think_v that_o it_o do_v not_o receive_v from_o the_o river_n but_o by_o a_o subterranean_a passage_n from_o the_o caspian_a sea_n but_o it_o seem_v not_o so_o to_o i_o to_o have_v any_o conjunction_n with_o the_o sea_n and_o therefore_o i_o suppose_v it_o to_o be_v a_o lake_n and_o so_o rather_o to_o be_v call_v than_o a_o sea_n now_o whence_o it_o be_v first_o generate_v be_v a_o great_a difficulty_n some_o say_v that_o great_a mountain_n of_o salt_n be_v find_v in_o its_o bottom_n and_o that_o thence_o it_o have_v its_o saltness_n but_o the_o water_n they_o suppose_v to_o proceed_v from_o the_o multitude_n of_o river_n that_o exonerate_v themselves_o into_o this_o lake_n or_o sea_n yet_o although_o these_o water_n make_v to_o the_o conservation_n of_o it_o yet_o i_o think_v it_o more_o probable_a that_o this_o sea_n for_o some_o age_n since_o be_v conjoin_v to_o the_o ocean_n neither_o do_v i_o question_v but_o that_o the_o euxine_a sea_n will_v at_o length_n become_v a_o lake_n for_o the_o same_o reason_n the_o bosphorus_n be_v obstruct_v proposition_n ix_o to_o make_v a_o lake_n in_o a_o place_n if_o that_o it_o be_v possible_a lake_n of_o make_v lake_n it_o may_v be_v do_v if_o that_o there_o be_v a_o river_n in_o the_o land_n adjoin_v or_o that_o a_o spring_n be_v find_v in_o the_o place_n and_o that_o the_o place_n be_v somewhat_o more_o depress_v and_o low_a than_o in_o the_o adjacent_a place_n although_o small_a lake_n may_v be_v also_o make_v on_o the_o top_n of_o mountain_n therefore_o the_o place_n must_v be_v hallow_v and_o the_o earth_n dig_v away_o unto_o so_o great_a a_o depth_n and_o amplitude_n as_o we_o require_v and_o its_o side_n must_v be_v fence_v with_o bank_n uphold_v by_o wood_n if_o need_v so_o require_v then_o a_o inlett_n be_v make_v from_o the_o channel_n of_o the_o river_n the_o water_n must_v be_v let_v in_o or_o if_o that_o a_o fountain_n in_o that_o place_n afford_v a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o water_n there_o be_v no_o need_n of_o that_o inlett_n or_o aqueduct_v proposition_n x._o to_o take_v away_o or_o dry_v up_o a_o lake_n lake_n of_o dry_v up_o of_o lake_n that_o may_v be_v perform_v two_o way_n 1._o if_o the_o bottom_n of_o that_o lake_n be_v high_o or_o of_o almost_o a_o equal_a depression_n with_o the_o vicine_fw-la place_n a_o aqueduct_v be_v make_v the_o water_n will_v flow_v from_o the_o place_n or_o lake_n and_o at_o length_n will_v render_v the_o bottom_n dry_a the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n assist_v and_o earth_n be_v cast_v in_o 2._o if_o that_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o lake_n be_v low_a than_o the_o vicine_fw-la place_n it_o must_v first_o be_v fence_v with_o a_o trench_n in_o its_o whole_a circuit_n leave_v only_o some_o channel_n or_o open_a passage_n then_o make_v use_n of_o water-mill_n the_o water_n must_v be_v expel_v and_o draw_v out_o and_o then_o the_o bottom_n must_v be_v cover_v with_o earth_n and_o dung_n and_o such_o seed_n cast_v in_o which_o sudden_o will_v take_v root_n as_o mustardseed_n colewort_n and_o the_o like_a by_o this_o mode_n the_o dutch_a very_o well_o know_v how_o to_o drain_v lake_n and_o to_o make_v fruitful_a land_n of_o they_o proposition_n xi_o marsh_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n some_o be_v ouzey_a and_o consist_v of_o a_o mix_a substance_n as_o it_o be_v viz._n of_o water_n and_o earth_n so_o that_o it_o will_v not_o suffer_v the_o footstep_n of_o a_o man_n other_o have_v small_a stand_a pool_n with_o small_a portion_n of_o dry_a land_n here_o and_o there_o sort_n marsh_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n of_o the_o first_o sort_n be_v those_o that_o receive_v or_o send_v forth_o no_o river_n such_o marsh_n be_v in_o holland_n brabant_n where_o be_v the_o marish_a de_fw-fr peel_n and_o many_o in_o westphalia_n to_o which_o some_o of_o the_o second_o sort_n be_v admix_v but_o many_o of_o the_o second_o kind_n be_v find_v at_o the_o original_n or_o spring_n of_o river_n whence_o some_o be_v wont_a to_o call_v these_o spring_n or_o fountain_n marsh_n as_o the_o marsh_n of_o tanais_n in_o moscovia_n of_o the_o nile_n etc._n etc._n such_o marsh_n also_o seem_v to_o be_v in_o savolax_n a_o province_n in_o finland_n in_o a_o great_a tract_n of_o land_n also_o the_o marsh_n of_o enarack_n the_o chelonides_n marsh_n of_o africa_n the_o marsh_n of_o chaldea_n through_o which_o the_o euphrates_n do_v pass_v these_o marsh_n be_v frequent_o find_v in_o wood_n and_o desert_n that_o be_v ericose_v because_o that_o the_o rain_n which_o irrigate_v those_o lane_n and_o collect_v in_o its_o cavity_n be_v not_o attract_v by_o the_o sun_n by_o reason_n that_o the_o leave_n of_o tree_n do_v repel_v its_o ray_n such_o kind_n of_o marsh_n be_v find_v here_o and_o there_o in_o germany_n and_o moscovia_n moreover_o these_o marsh_n of_o the_o second_o sort_n be_v fourfold_a viz._n some_o both_o receive_v and_o send_v forth_o river_n some_o only_o receive_v some_o only_o send_v forth_o and_o some_o neither_o receive_v nor_o send_v forth_o the_o first_o sort_n be_v generate_v and_o conserve_v partly_o by_o occult_a spring_n and_o water_n effuse_v before_o that_o it_o be_v bring_v to_o a_o certain_a channel_n and_o also_o from_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o water_n than_o can_v possible_o be_v bring_v through_o a_o channel_n many_o of_o which_o sort_n be_v in_o moscovia_n and_o finland_n marsh_n of_o the_o last_o kind_n probable_o be_v conserve_v and_o spring_n from_o rain_n and_o small_a spring_n aristotle_n call_v the_o palus_n maeotis_n a_o lake_n and_o that_o more_o right_o proposition_n xii_o marsh_n have_v a_o sulphurous_a bituminous_a and_o fat_a earth_n this_o be_v discover_v both_o from_o the_o black_a colour_n and_o from_o the_o reed_n which_o be_v generate_v from_o it_o marsh_n of_o the_o earth_n of_o marsh_n and_o easy_o take_v fire_n as_o be_v find_v in_o holland_n and_o other_o place_n the_o cause_n be_v by_o reason_n that_o such_o substance_n be_v contain_v in_o the_o raise_v of_o the_o earth_n where_o these_o marsh_n do_v exist_v yet_o all_o marsh_n be_v not_o such_o but_o where_o the_o earth_n be_v stony_a and_o hard_a there_o be_v no_o marsh_n for_o where_o there_o be_v a_o soft_a earth_n there_o for_o a_o certain_a be_v a_o fat_a and_o sulphurous_a substance_n proposition_n xiii_o to_o drain_v marsh_n and_o fen_n fen_n of_o drain_n of_o fen_n although_o some_o fen_n have_v a_o high_a profundity_n yet_o no_o more_o be_v require_v to_o drain_v they_o to_o such_o a_o depth_n which_o we_o may_v do_v if_o that_o we_o cause_v the_o water_n to_o flow_v away_o by_o some_o channel_n or_o aqueduct_v 2._o if_o that_o after_o some_o week_n they_o have_v be_v dry_v by_o the_o sun_n we_o cast_v in_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o dry_a earth_n 3._o if_o that_o we_o make_v a_o fire_n upon_o they_o and_o 4._o if_o that_o we_o hinder_v water_n from_o flow_v into_o they_o as_o rain_n and_o the_o like_a chap._n xvi_o of_o river_n in_o general_n proposition_n i._n we_o comprehend_v in_o this_o proposition_n the_o definition_n necessary_a for_o this_o doctrine_n definition_n of_o river_n and_o their_o definition_n 1._o a_o river_n be_v water_n flow_v from_o a_o certain_a place_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o another_o place_n in_o a_o long_a tract_n and_o within_o its_o channel_n a_o channel_n be_v that_o cavity_n in_o the_o earth_n in_o which_o the_o water_n be_v contain_v which_o be_v more_o depress_v and_o low_o than_o the_o shore_n of_o that_o water_n 2._o a_o rivulet_n be_v a_o river_n that_o have_v not_o the_o profundity_n and_o breadth_n as_o to_o admit_v of_o small_a lade_v vessel_n 3._o that_o be_v term_v amnis_fw-la which_o admit_v of_o those_o vessel_n but_o if_o they_o will_v bear_v moderate_a vessel_n great_a one_o lade_v than_o it_o be_v call_v by_o the_o general_a term_n of_o fluvius_n and_o flumen_n 4._o that_o water_n be_v term_v a_o torrent_n which_o flow_v from_o the_o mountainous_a place_n with_o a_o violence_n 5._o where_o two_o river_n meet_v that_o place_n be_v call_v a_o confluence_n 6._o a_o river_n or_o rivulet_n which_o flow_v from_o another_o be_v term_v a_o branch_n or_o arm_n yet_o for_o the_o most_o part_n it_o be_v take_v for_o such_o a_o arm_n which_o be_v lesser_a than_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o river_n yet_o those_o be_v also_o frequent_o
dissolve_v snow_n and_o this_o they_o take_v for_o a_o sign_n of_o it_o that_o rain_n and_o dissolve_v snow_n do_v much_o augment_v the_o river_n that_o oftentimes_o they_o extend_v beyond_o their_o channel_n and_o overflow_v region_n also_o that_o river_n do_v much_o decrease_v and_o some_o lesser_a sort_n of_o they_o be_v altogether_o dry_v up_o when_o no_o rain_n for_o a_o long_a while_n in_o the_o summer_n season_n have_v fall_v because_o that_o their_o channel_n be_v not_o very_o profound_a and_o therefore_o have_v collect_v little_a water_n but_o those_o that_o have_v a_o deep_a channel_n be_v not_o dry_v up_o in_o the_o summer_n by_o reason_n that_o they_o have_v gather_v so_o much_o water_n from_o the_o rain_n that_o fall_v and_o dissolve_v snow_n so_o that_o all_o can_v be_v turn_v into_o vapour_n except_o by_o a_o daily_a and_o continual_a heat_n 2._o because_o that_o there_o be_v very_o few_o river_n in_o those_o place_n where_o there_o be_v little_a rain_n as_o in_o the_o more_o inward_a part_n of_o africa_n there_o be_v few_o spring_n but_o these_o allegation_n resolve_v not_o the_o question_n because_o we_o be_v not_o to_o demand_v or_o seek_v the_o original_a of_o river_n but_o only_o the_o original_a of_o the_o water_n of_o fountain_n therefore_o those_o that_o speak_v thus_o have_v not_o well_o consider_v the_o sense_n of_o the_o question_n as_o we_o have_v take_v notice_n before_o although_o also_o the_o experience_n that_o they_o allege_v be_v not_o general_a because_o that_o there_o be_v river_n find_v in_o place_n where_o there_o be_v little_a rain_n and_o no_o snow_n although_o it_o be_v true_a in_o the_o region_n of_o peru_n and_o egypt_n which_o they_o assert_v moreover_o rain_n moisten_v not_o the_o earth_n above_o ten_o foot_n deep_a but_o fountain_n spring_v from_o a_o far_o great_a profundity_n seneca_n the_o opinion_n of_o seneca_n 2._o other_o suppose_v that_o we_o shall_v not_o demand_v whence_o the_o water_n of_o fountain_n do_v arise_v by_o reason_n that_o water_n be_v a_o element_n as_o much_o as_o earth_n air_n and_o fire_n concern_v the_o original_a of_o which_o we_o do_v not_o dispute_v thus_o seneca_n discourse_v but_o other_o author_n cut_v in_o twain_o this_o gordian_a knot_n with_o the_o sword_n of_o alexander_n for_o it_o be_v not_o inquire_v after_o how_o that_o water_n have_v a_o be_v but_o how_o it_o come_v to_o the_o place_n of_o fountain_n and_o not_o to_o other_o place_n moreover_o the_o earth_n do_v not_o so_o flow_v forward_o as_o river_n do_v but_o for_o the_o air_n it_o be_v false_a that_o we_o shall_v not_o seek_v concern_v it_o as_o they_o determine_v 3._o aristotelian_o follow_v the_o opinion_n of_o their_o master_n 11._o see_v aristotle_n lino_n 1._o chap._n 11._o who_o in_o the_o whole_a eleven_o chapter_n of_o his_o first_o book_n of_o meteor_n endeavour_v to_o prove_v that_o the_o water_n of_o fountain_n be_v generate_v from_o air_n contain_v in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n he_o allege_v these_o reason_n 1._o water_n be_v generate_v from_o air_n above_o the_o earth_n viz._n rain_n therefore_o see_v that_o air_n be_v in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o that_o there_o be_v the_o same_o cause_n of_o condensation_n viz._n cold_a therefore_o he_o say_v it_o be_v absurd_a for_o any_o one_o to_o think_v that_o water_n be_v not_o produce_v from_o air_n there_o 2._o experience_n testify_v that_o more_o great_a drop_n that_o fall_v be_v make_v of_o small_a one_o and_o therefore_o the_o original_a of_o river_n must_v be_v as_o it_o be_v certain_a brook_n of_o water_n that_o meet_v in_o one_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o therefore_o those_o that_o make_v aqueduct_n be_v wont_a to_o bring_v the_o water_n down_o by_o trench_n and_o small_a channel_n 3._o because_o that_o many_o spring_n and_o those_o of_o the_o great_a river_n be_v find_v in_o mountainous_a place_n very_o few_o in_o plain_n or_o valley_n which_o be_v a_o evidence_n that_o the_o water_n of_o fountain_n proceed_v from_o a_o condense_a air_n or_o vapour_n which_o air_n and_o vapour_n tend_v towards_o high_a place_n and_o mountainous_a place_n be_v as_o it_o be_v sponge_n incumb_a over_o low_a place_n those_o be_v the_o reason_n of_o aristotle_n cardanus_n the_o opinion_n of_o cardanus_n 4._o cardanus_n with_o other_o suppose_v that_o the_o water_n of_o fountain_n proceed_v from_o rivulet_n which_o be_v generate_v of_o watery_a vapour_n condense_v both_o within_o and_o without_o the_o earth_n but_o that_o these_o fountain_n alone_o scarce_o make_v up_o river_n unless_o assist_v by_o rain_n or_o dissolve_v snow_n his_o reason_n be_v these_o 1._o if_o betimes_o in_o the_o morning_n one_o view_v the_o mountain_n they_o will_v appear_v moist_a 2._o river_n overflow_v in_o the_o morning_n and_o so_o much_o the_o more_o by_o how_o much_o the_o part_n of_o it_o be_v more_o near_o the_o fountain_n but_o the_o perpetual_a and_o constant_a impetus_fw-la of_o the_o water_n bubble_v and_o leap_v from_o the_o spring_n do_v not_o seem_v to_o have_v its_o original_a from_o so_o weak_a and_o inconstant_a a_o cause_n neither_o do_v this_o opinion_n of_o cardanus_n much_o differ_v from_o that_o of_o aristotle_n but_o that_o aristotle_n place_v air_n with_o the_o generation_n cardanus_n vapour_n with_o the_o generation_n to_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o spring_n and_o indeed_o small_a be_v the_o difference_n between_o air_n and_o vapour_n 5._o some_o of_o the_o ancient_n suppose_v rain_n to_o be_v coacervate_v within_o the_o earth_n in_o cavity_n and_o thence_o to_o break_v forth_o as_o from_o a_o mighty_a belly_n and_o that_o all_o river_n spring_v from_o one_o of_o they_o or_o from_o some_o other_o of_o they_o neither_o that_o there_o be_v any_o other_o water_n generate_v but_o what_o be_v collect_v in_o the_o winter_n month_n into_o those_o receptacle_n they_o suppose_v to_o evade_v into_o the_o multitude_n of_o these_o river_n and_o therefore_o that_o they_o flow_v more_o in_o the_o winter_n than_o in_o the_o summer_n and_o that_o some_o be_v continual_a and_o some_o not_z they_o add_v the_o same_o cause_n that_o we_o have_v lay_v down_o in_o the_o first_o opinion_n but_o aristotle_n receive_v this_o opinion_n because_o that_o more_o water_n in_o one_o year_n flow_v out_o from_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n than_o the_o bulk_n of_o that_o whole_a part_n of_o earth_n or_o land_n 6._o of_o modern_a philosopher_n many_o as_o also_o of_o the_o ancient_n determine_v that_o the_o earth_n again_o receive_v whatsoever_o water_n flow_v out_o from_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n into_o the_o sea_n for_o the_o water_n of_o the_o sea_n by_o a_o hide_a passage_n go_v under_o the_o earth_n and_o be_v beat_v in_o its_o passage_n through_o divers_a wind_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o strain_v through_o sand_n and_o chalk_n which_o remove_v its_o saltness_n and_o so_o pass_v into_o pure_a water_n i_o also_o defend_v this_o opinion_n and_o suppose_v it_o true_a yet_o so_o as_o not_o to_o exclude_v the_o cause_n lay_v down_o in_o the_o first_o and_o three_o place_n the_o reason_n be_v these_o 1._o because_o more_o than_o one_o thousand_o river_n exonerate_v themselves_o into_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o great_a of_o they_o in_o such_o a_o abundancy_n that_o that_o water_n which_o they_o send_v forth_o into_o the_o sea_n throughout_o the_o whole_a year_n exceed_v the_o whole_a earth_n as_o the_o river_n volga_n into_o the_o caspian_a sea_n and_o also_o other_o river_n therefore_o it_o can_v otherwise_o be_v but_o that_o water_n must_v be_v send_v forth_o into_o many_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n even_o to_o the_o fountain_n of_o river_n now_o if_o that_o this_o be_v not_o so_o we_o can_v not_o possible_o imagine_v how_o that_o the_o sea_n shall_v not_o be_v augment_v unto_o a_o immensity_n or_o why_o fountain_n shall_v not_o cease_v to_o send_v forth_o water_n neither_o may_v it_o be_v object_v that_o so_o many_o vapour_n be_v elevate_v from_o the_o sea_n that_o be_v equivalent_a to_o the_o water_n that_o the_o sea_n have_v receive_v from_o the_o river_n for_o first_o only_a rain_n make_v those_o vapour_n then_o again_o it_o be_v most_o false_a that_o so_o great_a a_o quantity_n of_o vapour_n shall_v be_v elevate_v from_o the_o sea_n as_o be_v generate_v from_o the_o water_n which_o flow_v from_o the_o river_n into_o the_o sea_n distant_a fountain_n the_o near_o the_o sea_n be_v salt_a than_o those_o far_a distant_a 2._o this_o opinion_n be_v prove_v from_o that_o to_o wit_n that_o the_o fountain_n near_o the_o sea_n be_v salt_n and_o brackish_a and_o by_o how_o much_o they_o be_v nigh_o to_o the_o sea_n by_o so_o much_o they_o be_v the_o more_o salt_n as_o on_o the_o coast_n of_o africa_n especial_o on_o the_o coast_n of_o choromaudel_n in_o india_n where_o no_o vine_n
and_o pellucid_a if_o that_o no_o moss_n or_o reed_n grow_v about_o it_o or_o if_o that_o the_o place_n be_v not_o defile_v with_o any_o filth_n but_o a_o pure_a show_n these_o sign_n show_v it_o to_o be_v tenuous_a and_o very_a wholesome_a proposition_n xxv_o a_o place_n be_v give_v to_o make_v a_o apparent_a fountain_n in_o it_o if_o that_o it_o be_v possible_a v._n see_v proposition_n v._n that_o be_v term_v a_o apparent_a spring_n as_o we_o have_v show_v in_o the_o the_o proposition_n where_o the_o water_n spout_v out_o be_v send_v from_o a_o more_o high_a place_n through_o a_o subterraneous_a passage_n now_o such_o a_o spring_n may_v be_v make_v if_o that_o any_o lake_n river_n or_o fountain_n be_v in_o the_o adjacent_a land_n viz._n a_o pipe_n or_o channel_n must_v be_v make_v under_o the_o earth_n from_o the_o give_v place_n to_o the_o adjacent_a lake_n or_o river_n through_o which_o the_o water_n may_v flow_v to_o the_o give_v place_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v in_o the_o follow_a proposition_n proposition_n xxvi_o to_o bring_v a_o river_n from_o a_o give_v fountain_n or_o river_n to_o the_o place_n give_v if_o that_o the_o fountain_n or_o river_n give_v be_v high_a than_o the_o place_n give_v the_o work_n will_v be_v easy_a now_o this_o be_v find_v out_o by_o geodetical_a or_o survey_a instrument_n and_o the_o operation_n itself_o be_v term_v or_o say_v to_o wash_v the_o place_n for_o the_o lead_n of_o the_o water_n and_o the_o difference_n between_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o fountain_n and_o the_o place_n give_v be_v term_v the_o libramentum_fw-la of_o the_o river_n to_o be_v lead_v therefore_o a_o channel_n must_v be_v dug_n from_o the_o fountain_n or_o river_n unto_o the_o place_n give_v the_o librament_n of_o which_o must_v be_v great_a or_o lesser_a as_o we_o will_v have_v the_o river_n to_o be_v swift_a or_o slow_a for_o the_o problem_n be_v undeterminate_v for_o the_o most_o part_n in_o aqueduct_n that_o the_o celerity_n of_o the_o flux_n may_v be_v moderate_a it_o be_v thus_o observe_v that_o in_o the_o longitude_n of_o a_o channel_n of_o two_o hundred_o foot_n the_o depression_n be_v no_o less_o than_o half_a a_o foot_n for_o otherwise_o the_o water_n will_v not_o flow_v or_o else_o it_o will_v overflow_v vitruvius_n in_o one_o hundred_o foot_n require_v no_o less_o depression_n than_o half_a a_o foot_n neither_o ought_v it_o to_o be_v great_a than_o a_o whole_a foot_n or_o at_o most_o a_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a otherwise_o it_o will_v flow_v with_o a_o over_o violent_a and_o quick_a course_n but_o if_o that_o the_o fountain_n be_v not_o high_o in_o the_o give_v place_n there_o will_v be_v need_n of_o instrument_n concern_v which_o you_o must_v consult_v mechanic_n as_o also_o concern_v many_o other_o thing_n which_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v in_o this_o affair_n by_o this_o problem_n also_o be_v make_v a_o conjunction_n of_o two_o river_n when_o that_o a_o channel_n be_v draw_v from_o one_o river_n into_o another_o that_o a_o navigation_n may_v be_v make_v from_o one_o into_o another_o as_o from_o duina_n into_o the_o next_o river_n from_o tanais_n into_o wolga_n from_o the_o river_n flamus_n in_o china_n into_o nanchina_n proposition_n xxvii_o some_o river_n be_v note_v and_o famous_a for_o long_a tract_n some_o for_o latitude_n some_o for_o quickness_n of_o course_n some_o for_o the_o peculiar_a property_n of_o the_o water_n that_o they_o carry_v some_o for_o one_o or_o two_o of_o these_o cause_n occasion_n river_n be_v note_v for_o several_a occasion_n the_o truth_n of_o the_o proposition_n need_v no_o probation_n i_o will_v only_o reckon_v up_o here_o those_o river_n which_o be_v the_o big_a of_o all_o viz._n those_o of_o a_o long_a tract_n which_o also_o be_v famous_a for_o latitude_n such_o only_o be_v sixteen_o in_o the_o whole_a earth_n as_o yet_o know_v viz._n the_o nile_n ob_fw-la jeniscea_n orellana_n rio_n del_fw-it plata_fw-la parana_n maragnon_n omarranna_n ganges_n danube_n canada_n or_o st._n laurence_n niger_n nubia_n wolga_n jansu_n and_o flavus_n after_o those_o these_o follow_a be_v famous_a for_o the_o breadth_n of_o their_o channel_n but_o not_o for_o the_o length_n of_o their_o course_n and_o which_o be_v about_o twenty_o in_o number_n viz._n the_o indus_n zaire_n cuama_n the_o river_n from_o the_o lake_n chiamay_n euphrates_n tanais_n petzora_n pesida_n tabat_fw-la yrtiis_fw-la santa_fw-it esprit_fw-fr amana_n magdalen_n julian_n st._n jaques_n rhine_n albis_n mosa_n borysthenes_n and_o totouteack_n we_o shall_v only_o here_o contemplate_v the_o course_n of_o the_o ten_o great_a river_n leave_v the_o more_o accurate_a explication_n of_o they_o and_o the_o other_o river_n to_o special_a geography_n nile_n the_o river_n nile_n 1._o nilus_n niger_n ganges_n run_v almost_o a_o strait_a course_n the_o rest_n have_v many_o and_o those_o vast_a curvature_n the_o spring_n of_o the_o nile_n be_v place_v in_o the_o lake_n zaire_n in_o the_o south_n latitude_n of_o 10_o degree_n its_o mouth_n canobus_n be_v in_o the_o north_n latitude_n of_o 31_o degree_n it_o flow_v from_o the_o south_n to_o the_o north_n in_o some_o place_n it_o send_v forth_o itself_o in_o a_o broad_a space_n in_o other_o place_n it_o be_v very_o narrow_a it_o have_v two_o cataract_n its_o tract_n or_o longitude_n be_v about_o 630_o german_a mile_n or_o 2520_o italian_a mile_n for_o which_o may_v be_v set_v down_o 3000_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o wind_n it_o overflow_v every_o year_n as_o i_o have_v elsewhere_o treat_v of_o niger_n the_o river_n niger_n 2._o niger_n a_o river_n in_o africa_n who_o fountain_n or_o spring_n be_v in_o the_o 11_o degree_n of_o north_n latitude_n from_o the_o lake_n some_o write_v that_o it_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o nile_n by_o a_o subterranean_a passage_n the_o sign_n of_o it_o be_v that_o it_o overflow_v every_o year_n at_o the_o same_o time_n as_o the_o nile_n do_v one_o of_o its_o mouth_n be_v in_o the_o same_o degree_n of_o latitude_n in_o which_o the_o spring_n be_v but_o it_o be_v more_o remove_v from_o the_o aequator_fw-la than_o 15_o degree_n of_o latitude_n it_o flow_v from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n in_o some_o place_n it_o hide_v itself_o under_o the_o earth_n and_o again_o emerge_v it_o be_v tract_n be_v about_o 600_o german_a mile_n but_o it_o will_v be_v lesser_a if_o that_o you_o whole_o neglect_v its_o great_a and_o note_a bend_n and_o large_a if_o that_o all_o shall_v be_v reckon_v ganges_n the_o river_n ganges_n 3._o ganges_n in_o asia_n it_o be_v most_o remote_a fountain_n be_v place_v in_o the_o north_n latitude_n of_o 43_o degree_n in_o tartary_n but_o some_o bring_v it_o back_o to_o 33_o degree_n its_o mouth_n be_v in_o the_o latitude_n of_o 22_o degree_n it_o flow_v from_o north_n to_o south_n it_o be_v course_n be_v about_o 300_o german_a mile_n it_o overflow_v every_o year_n oâ—_n the_o river_n oâ—_n 4._o ob_fw-la also_o in_o asia_n very_o great_a and_o every_o where_o broad_a its_o spring_n be_v place_v in_o the_o 48_o degree_n of_o north_n latitude_n in_o the_o mountain_n of_o tartary_n near_o the_o stone-tower_n it_o be_v mouth_n be_v in_o the_o 69_o degree_n of_o latitude_n its_o tract_n be_v about_o 400_o german_a mile_n omit_v its_o wind_n it_o divaricate_v itself_o into_o two_o arm_n in_o siberia_n or_o rather_o send_v forth_o a_o branch_n from_o its_o self_n which_o have_v finish_v a_o crooked_a passage_n return_v into_o its_o self_n and_o so_o form_v a_o island_n in_o which_o there_o be_v a_o city_n build_v by_o the_o moscovite_n and_o siberian_o call_v jorgoet_n jeniscea_n the_o river_n jeniscea_n 5._o jeniscea_n another_o river_n in_o asia_n heretofore_o unknown_a to_o geographer_n but_o observe_v by_o the_o moscovite_n it_o be_v find_v to_o be_v great_a than_o the_o ob_fw-la from_o which_o it_o be_v distant_a ten_o week_n voyage_n towards_o tartary_n at_o the_o oriental_a shore_n of_o which_o a_o ridge_n of_o mountain_n be_v extend_v in_o a_o long_a tract_n on_o the_o occidental_a shore_n inhabit_v a_o people_n call_v tingaesi_fw-la every_o year_n in_o the_o spring_n it_o overflow_v the_o space_n of_o 70_o mile_n towards_o the_o western_a land_n at_o which_o time_n the_o tingaesi_fw-la betake_v themselves_o with_o their_o cattle_n and_o householdstuff_n into_o the_o mountain_n on_o the_o eastern_a shore_n it_o be_v fountain_n and_o outlet_n be_v unknown_a its_o tract_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v no_o lesser_a than_o that_o of_o the_o ob._n pesida_n the_o river_n pesida_n 6._o pesida_n remove_v some_o day_n journey_n towards_o the_o east_n from_o jeniscea_n its_o oriental_a shore_n be_v think_v to_o touch_v on_o china_n and_o the_o kingdom_n of_o cathay_n its_o fountain_n and_o outlet_n be_v unknown_a it_o be_v none_o of_o the_o number_n of_o the_o great_a river_n but_o i_o have_v brief_o
strait_n 4._o river_n 5._o lake_n 6._o pool_n and_o 7._o marsh_n 1._o marsh_n may_v be_v exsiccate_v or_o drain_v either_o by_o subduction_n of_o the_o water_n or_o by_o exsiccation_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o none_o can_v doubt_v for_o in_o many_o region_n the_o soil_n be_v fruitful_a where_o there_o be_v marsh_n some_o year_n since_o as_o in_o westphalia_n gelderland_n brabant_n holland_n muscovia_n 2._o the_o same_o be_v the_o account_n of_o pool_n see_v that_o they_o differ_v not_o much_o from_o marsh_n proposition_n v._o rivers_n leave_v their_o channel_n or_o shoar_n that_o be_v part_n of_o their_o channel_n and_o afford_v new_a land_n land_n river_n quit_v their_o shoar_n and_o afford_v new_a land_n 1._o if_o that_o they_o carry_v much_o terrestrial_a matter_n sand_n or_o gravel_n with_o they_o which_o sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n in_o progress_n of_o they_o time_n so_o augment_v the_o altitude_n of_o the_o channel_n that_o it_o be_v no_o more_o depress_v than_o that_o place_n from_o whence_o the_o water_n flow_v from_o the_o vicine_fw-la earth_n but_o if_o that_o that_o matter_n sink_v into_o one_o place_n in_o part_n of_o the_o channel_n it_o will_v separate_v one_o part_n which_o then_o at_o length_n will_v be_v dry_v up_o 2._o if_o that_o the_o river_n take_v another_o channel_n whether_o it_o be_v do_v by_o art_n or_o nature_n and_o a_o violent_a cause_n as_o by_o wind_n inundation_n or_o the_o like_a 3._o if_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o river_n be_v obstruct_v or_o cease_v to_o send_v forth_o water_n the_o earth_n be_v fall_v in_o or_o condensated_a or_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o sand_n be_v drive_v by_o the_o wind_n into_o the_o fountain_n or_o adjacent_a place_n example_n of_o river_n who_o channel_n be_v exsiccate_v at_o this_o time_n either_o in_o whole_a or_o in_o part_n be_v every_o where_o obvious_a in_o writer_n yet_o not_o of_o great_a river_n but_o of_o small_a or_o of_o the_o part_n of_o any_o great_a river_n so_o a_o channel_n of_o a_o arm_n of_o the_o rhine_n which_o flow_v by_o leyden_n flow_v in_o time_n pass_v into_o the_o german_a ocean_n now_o for_o some_o age_n desert_v by_o the_o water_n at_o this_o day_n be_v land_n the_o rhine_n stagnate_v between_o leyden_n and_o the_o vicus_n cattorum_fw-la the_o shore_n be_v uncover_v from_o the_o water_n of_o river_n and_o that_o some_o river_n run_v in_o a_o more_o narrow_a channel_n than_o they_o do_v former_o be_v manifest_a from_o many_o example_n and_o from_o thence_o that_o some_o at_o this_o day_n be_v not_o navigable_a which_o former_o be_v may_v easy_o be_v collect_v the_o altitude_n of_o the_o water_n be_v diminish_v and_o none_o at_o all_o to_o be_v leave_v in_o their_o channel_n at_o some_o time_n or_o other_o as_o in_o the_o river_n scaldis_n therefore_o governor_n of_o commonwealth_n have_v a_o great_a care_n that_o the_o mud_n and_o sediment_n be_v draw_v from_o out_o the_o channel_n of_o river_n that_o they_o may_v remain_v navigable_a as_o be_v see_v in_o many_o place_n but_o great_a river_n can_v be_v dry_v up_o or_o change_v into_o land_n except_o in_o many_o age_n because_o that_o many_o lesser_a river_n flow_v from_o divers_a part_n make_v they_o of_o which_o though_o some_o may_v be_v dry_v up_o or_o change_v their_o course_n yet_o all_o do_v not_o suffer_v the_o same_o except_o in_o a_o long_a space_n of_o time_n and_o the_o channel_n be_v deep_a but_o one_o heap_n or_o ridge_n of_o sand_n may_v cause_v the_o river_n to_o run_v through_o another_o channel_n and_o the_o former_a to_o be_v dry_v up_o yet_o it_o take_v not_o away_o the_o river_n except_o the_o fountain_n or_o branch_n of_o it_o be_v obstruct_v therefore_o it_o be_v true_a that_o neither_o the_o nile_n tanais_n albis_n or_o the_o rhine_n or_o other_o river_n always_o flow_v or_o shall_v perpetual_o flow_v but_o that_o there_o be_v earth_n before_o and_o shall_v be_v afterward_o where_o they_o now_o flow_v proposition_n vi_o lake_n be_v dry_v up_o and_o change_v into_o land_n land_n lake_n dry_v up_o and_o change_v into_o land_n 1._o if_o that_o a_o lake_n be_v constitute_v from_o river_n that_o flow_v in_o that_o mutation_n be_v make_v by_o the_o abduction_n withdraw_a or_o cessation_n of_o the_o river_n and_o also_o by_o evaporation_n 2._o if_o that_o a_o lake_n receive_v water_n by_o a_o subterraneous_a passage_n from_o the_o ocean_n or_o sea_n there_o will_v be_v a_o mutation_n of_o that_o lake_n after_o that_o those_o subterraneous_a passage_n be_v obstruct_v and_o so_o lake_n be_v first_o change_v into_o stand_a pool_n and_o marsh_n then_o at_o length_n into_o dry_a land_n it_o be_v evident_a say_v aristotle_n that_o because_o a_o force_n of_o water_n have_v bring_v in_o mud_n or_o something_o of_o that_o sort_n he_o speak_v of_o lake_n make_v of_o river_n therefore_o stand_v pool_n be_v make_v and_o the_o earth_n be_v dry_a and_o that_o their_o water_n be_v leave_v and_o stand_a in_o succession_n of_o time_n it_o be_v exsiccate_v and_o altogether_o vanish_v so_o the_o land_n that_o touch_v upon_o the_o lake_n maeotis_n by_o the_o soil_n bring_v down_o by_o the_o river_n be_v increase_v so_o much_o that_o ship_n now_o far_o less_o than_o those_o about_o 60_o year_n since_o for_o traffic_v sake_n enter_v into_o it_o there_o be_v many_o example_n find_v of_o small_a lake_n change_v into_o dry_a land_n especial_o in_o holland_n proposition_n vii_o strait_n be_v exsiccate_v and_o change_v into_o isthmuss_n or_o continent_n that_o happen_v streights_n streights_n when_o that_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o continual_a sink_v of_o the_o terrestrial_a matter_n make_v in_o a_o long_a time_n the_o channel_n of_o the_o straight_o be_v become_v so_o high_a that_o it_o deni_v a_o passage_n to_o the_o sea_n so_o it_o be_v very_o probable_a that_o the_o isthmus_n between_o africa_n and_o asia_n be_v a_o straight_a by_o which_o the_o mediterranean_a and_o red-sea_n be_v conjoin_v as_o we_o shall_v show_v in_o the_o follow_a proposition_n in_o many_o strait_n at_o this_o day_n the_o altitude_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o channel_n be_v find_v lesser_a than_o in_o former_a time_n which_o be_v a_o certain_a token_n that_o those_o strait_n shall_v have_v no_o water_n in_o they_o in_o the_o time_n to_o come_v and_o shall_v be_v change_v into_o a_o dry_a isthmus_n so_o the_o straight_a through_o which_o the_o atlantic_a ocean_n make_v a_o gulf_n which_o the_o hollander_n call_v snyder-zee_a and_o the_o texell_n at_o this_o day_n receive_v no_o large_a land_n ship_n and_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v every_o year_n find_v lesser_a and_o the_o land_n high_o therefore_o where_o the_o water_n be_v at_o the_o texell_n there_o after_o some_o age_n will_v be_v dry_a land_n concern_v the_o vlier_n the_o same_o in_o time_n to_o come_v will_v also_o happen_v proposition_n viii_o the_o bay_n or_o gulf_n which_o the_o ocean_n make_v between_o the_o mid-land_n in_o course_n of_o time_n do_v become_v dry_a place_n land_n bay_n or_o gulf_n in_o time_n do_v become_v dry_a land_n this_o be_v do_v by_o a_o double_a cause_n 1._o if_o that_o the_o straight_a by_o which_o the_o bay_n be_v conjoin_v to_o the_o ocean_n become_v a_o isthmus_n or_o else_o be_v stop_v by_o sand_n and_o gravel_n which_o be_v do_v in_o progress_n of_o time_n as_o we_o have_v say_v in_o the_o precede_a proposition_n for_o by_o this_o cause_n the_o bay_n of_o the_o ocean_n and_o a_o part_n or_o member_n of_o it_o shall_v be_v cut_v off_o from_o the_o body_n and_o shall_v become_v a_o lake_n and_o then_o a_o stand_a pool_n and_o marish_a and_o by_o exsiccation_n become_v earth_n and_o no_o water_n shall_v be_v see_v there_o 2._o if_o that_o the_o very_a channel_n of_o the_o bay_n become_v high_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o river_n flow_v into_o it_o and_z carrying_z sand_n along_o with_o it_o that_o it_o in_o time_n can_v receive_v the_o sea_n so_o by_o degree_n the_o sea_n will_v recede_v from_o the_o shore_n of_o that_o bay_n therefore_o the_o mediterranean_a the_o baltic_a the_o red_a persian_a and_o other_o sea_n that_o be_v bay_n of_o the_o ocean_n will_v cease_v in_o time_n to_o be_v sea_n and_o will_v be_v change_v into_o land_n which_o shall_v be_v full_o prove_v in_o the_o follow_a proposition_n proposition_n ix_o the_o ocean_n for_o sake_v some_o shore_n or_o coast_n so_o that_o it_o become_v land_n where_o the_o ocean_n former_o be_v shore_n where_o the_o ocean_n former_o be_v be_v now_o land_n by_o its_o forsake_v the_o shore_n that_o happen_v for_o these_o cause_n 1._o if_o that_o the_o force_n of_o water_n be_v break_v at_o the_o shore_n by_o rock_n here_o and_o there_o on_o the_o coast_n or_o cliff_n in_o the_o sea_n for_o that_o
and_o sand_n from_o the_o shore_n or_o some_o bank_n also_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o bottom_n be_v advance_v and_o lift_v up_o and_o be_v carry_v by_o the_o impetuosity_n of_o the_o river_n until_o it_o come_v to_o a_o more_o large_a and_o ample_a channel_n and_o be_v remove_v from_o the_o fountain_n or_o cause_n of_o abundancy_n of_o water_n for_o here_o the_o vehemency_n of_o the_o motion_n be_v remiss_a and_o then_o the_o terrestrial_a part_n subside_o and_o sand-bank_n be_v generate_v of_o which_o many_o be_v find_v in_o place_n where_o there_o be_v broad_a river_n but_o none_o almost_o in_o narrow_a neither_o be_v there_o any_o mischief_n which_o take_v away_o more_o splendour_n from_o the_o most_o flourish_a and_o rich_a empory_n or_o place_n of_o trade_n without_o any_o hope_n of_o recovery_n or_o bring_v great_a detriment_n to_o ship_n that_o we_o may_v pass_v over_o those_o ancient_a city_n now_o for_o many_o age_n bury_v in_o oblivion_n we_o have_v example_n before_o our_o eye_n of_o stavoren_n in_o friezland_n armuyen_n in_o zeiland_n of_o dort_n in_o holland_n antwerp_n in_o brabant_n and_o stade_n in_o the_o bishopric_n of_o bremen_n nothing_o take_v away_o the_o power_n of_o traffic_n from_o these_o city_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o all_o their_o splendour_n and_o riches_n but_o the_o bank_n of_o sand_n arise_v in_o their_o river_n or_o the_o neighbour_a sea_n neither_o be_v there_o almost_o any_o empory_n that_o be_v maritimate_a that_o be_v free_a from_o the_o fear_n of_o these_o sand-bank_n those_o that_o be_v in_o the_o albis_n or_o the_o elbe_n have_v destroy_v many_o hamburgian_n ship_n that_o have_v escape_v the_o grand_a storm_n of_o the_o ocean_n the_o same_o be_v manifest_a in_o other_o to_o he_o that_o consider_v especial_o in_o the_o texel_n and_o vlie_n of_o amsterdam_n they_o be_v discover_v in_o a_o great_a number_n on_o the_o seacoast_n of_o flanders_n and_o friezland_n and_o the_o suff_v of_o the_o sea_n go_v down_o many_o of_o they_o be_v discover_v to_o be_v part_n of_o the_o continent_n for_o the_o channel_n intercede_v have_v then_o little_a water_n and_o admit_v of_o no_o sail_v the_o famous_a or_o rather_o infamous_a among_o mariner_n by_o reason_n of_o shipwreck_n be_v those_o that_o be_v find_v in_o a_o great_a number_n in_o one_o part_n or_o place_n of_o the_o sea_n they_o be_v these_o 1._o the_o sand-bank_n of_o brazil_n abrolhos_n de_fw-fr brasilia_n het_n riff_o van_fw-mi brasilian_n also_o the_o droogte_n van_fw-mi brasil_n they_o lie_v from_o the_o coast_n of_o brazil_n for_o the_o space_n of_o 70_o mile_n which_o the_o mariner_n that_o sail_v to_o the_o indies_n aught_o to_o avoid_v with_o great_a diligence_n whilst_o that_o to_o shun_v the_o calm_a of_o guinea_n they_o sail_v towards_o brazil_n yet_o they_o come_v as_o near_o to_o those_o sand_n as_o they_o may_v that_o they_o may_v have_v the_o great_a wind_n but_o they_o must_v be_v cautious_a that_o they_o be_v not_o carry_v between_o brazil_n and_o the_o sand_n 2._o the_o sand_n of_o st._n ann_n not_o far_o from_o guinea_n six_o degree_n at_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o north_n pole_n ship_n be_v carry_v upon_o these_o come_v not_o off_o without_o great_a danger_n and_o labour_n and_o be_v detain_v for_o many_o day_n when_o that_o seaman_n suppose_v that_o they_o have_v pass_v beyond_o they_o for_o these_o sand_n be_v not_o continual_a but_o they_o be_v disjoin_v by_o broad_a and_o deep_a whirlpit_n or_o gulf_n so_o that_o in_o a_o small_a distance_n here_o be_v a_o depth_n of_o about_o eight_o fathom_n by_o and_o by_o about_o two_o 3._o the_o sand_n between_o the_o isle_n of_o madagascar_n and_o arabia_n call_v baixos_n de_fw-fr india_n they_o be_v sharp_a rock_n of_o coral_n of_o divers_a colour_n 4._o the_o sand_n of_o china_n 5._o the_o sand_n of_o flanders_n but_o more_o may_v be_v see_v in_o geographical_a sea-charts_a we_o have_v declare_v one_o mode_n of_o the_o generation_n by_o which_o these_o sand_n have_v a_o original_a by_o sink_v of_o the_o sandy_a matter_n which_o the_o sea_n carry_v with_o it_o the_o second_o mode_n to_o be_v adjoin_v to_o this_o be_v by_o which_o such_o sand_n can_v or_o may_v have_v a_o be_v to_o wit_n if_o that_o the_o sea_n overflow_v the_o earth_n in_o which_o the_o hill_n and_o rise_n be_v sandy_a for_o then_o those_o hill_n be_v or_o shall_v be_v call_v sand-hill_n they_o be_v discover_v in_o a_o large_a tract_n but_o the_o land_n itself_o be_v more_o low_a if_o therefore_o the_o sea_n by_o a_o irruption_n shall_v inundate_n and_o cover_v those_o land_n than_o those_o hill_n will_v be_v sand-bank_n so_o we_o must_v judge_v of_o other_o therefore_o at_o the_o mouth_n of_o river_n sand-bank_n be_v most_o frequent_a because_o the_o channel_n be_v there_o broad_a and_o therefore_o the_o impetus_fw-la of_o the_o efflux_n of_o rivers_n be_v there_o diminish_v and_o therefore_o the_o matter_n sink_v which_o the_o violent_a flood_n bring_v with_o it_o also_o the_o wave_n of_o the_o ocean_n repel_v the_o water_n flow_v from_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n whence_o all_o the_o force_n cease_v and_o it_o be_v worth_a our_o labour_n to_o distinguish_v and_o consider_v these_o two_o mode_n of_o the_o generation_n of_o sand-bank_n proposition_n xi_o to_o conjecture_v whether_o the_o sand-hill_n which_o lie_v in_o the_o sea_n not_o far_o from_o the_o continent_n shall_v be_v part_n of_o this_o future_a continent_n land_n of_o sand-bank_n or_o hill_n in_o the_o sea_n not_o far_o from_o the_o land_n we_o have_v say_v in_o the_o former_a proposition_n that_o these_o sand-bank_n be_v generate_v two_o manner_n of_o way_n one_o true_o by_o the_o subsidency_n or_o sink_v of_o the_o sand_n into_o the_o sea_n the_o other_o by_o denomination_n viz._n all_o hill_n the_o water_n encompass_v and_o overflow_a the_o earth_n if_o that_o they_o be_v generate_v by_o the_o former_a mode_n and_o be_v find_v to_o increase_v more_o and_o more_o it_o be_v a_o sign_n that_o they_o will_v join_v to_o the_o continent_n of_o the_o earth_n that_o be_v to_o say_v that_o the_o channel_n of_o the_o sea_n will_v be_v dry_v between_o these_o sand-bank_n and_o the_o adjacent_a land_n but_o if_o that_o the_o sand-bank_n be_v generate_v after_o the_o second_o mode_n than_o we_o may_v conjecture_v that_o those_o sand-bank_n will_v not_o so_o easy_o be_v conjoin_v to_o the_o adjacent_a earth_n but_o that_o the_o sea_n rather_o will_v far_o overspread_v the_o land_n proposition_n xii_o island_n be_v produce_v in_o the_o sea_n and_o rivers_n after_o the_o same_o mode_n that_o sand-bank_n be_v yea_o island_n may_v proceed_v from_o sand-bank_n yet_o they_o be_v also_o make_v after_o another_o mode_n island_n of_o the_o generation_n of_o island_n for_o if_o that_o in_o any_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n so_o great_a a_o quantity_n of_o sand_n gravel_n mud_n and_o ouze_n be_v aggregated_a in_o progress_n of_o time_n that_o it_o become_v high_a than_o the_o sea_n it_o will_v become_v a_o island_n which_o be_v the_o first_o mode_n then_o by_o the_o second_o mode_n if_o that_o the_o sea_n break_v into_o the_o land_n overflow_v only_o the_o low_a part_n but_o not_o the_o high_a and_o the_o hill_n those_o will_v be_v island_n and_o by_o this_o latter_a mode_n it_o be_v probable_a that_o those_o island_n be_v generate_v or_o have_v original_a which_o arise_v to_o a_o huge_a altitude_n as_o st._n helena_n ascension_n and_o the_o like_a especial_o those_o which_o be_v rocky_a and_o stony_a sea_n sicilia_n separate_v from_o italy_n by_o the_o sea_n hitherto_o appertain_v island_n which_o the_o sea_n have_v cut_v off_o from_o the_o prominent_a land_n so_o writer_n testify_v and_o the_o poet_n verse_n be_v know_v that_o sicilia_n be_v separate_v from_o italy_n by_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o sea_n by_o the_o first_o mode_n viz._n the_o subsidency_n and_o congregation_n of_o many_o terrestrial_a particle_n the_o island_n of_o zealand_n denmark_n and_o japan_n have_v their_o original_n the_o same_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v the_o original_n of_o the_o molucco_n isle_n for_o if_o that_o you_o dig_v on_o the_o plain_a to_o a_o small_a depth_n you_o shall_v meet_v with_o a_o abundance_n of_o sand_n and_o shell_n sea_n other_o isle_n separate_v from_o the_o continent_n by_o the_o sea_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o ceiland_n relate_v that_o the_o isle_n be_v separate_v from_o the_o procurrent_a of_o india_n and_o it_o be_v very_o probable_a so_o the_o isle_n of_o sumatra_n be_v suppose_v former_o to_o have_v be_v unite_v to_o malacca_n the_o isle_n of_o the_o maldives_n in_o time_n past_a be_v be_v say_v to_o adhere_v to_o india_n and_o be_v a_o continuous_a continent_n yet_o at_o this_o day_n they_o be_v far_o in_o the_o sea_n and_o divide_v into_o a_o innumerable_a many_o
earthquake_n by_o which_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o sometime_o mountain_n be_v send_v forth_o of_o the_o earth_n and_o sometime_o swallow_v up_o the_o same_o be_v manifest_a from_o warlike_a mine_n where_o the_o wind_n break_v up_o great_a tower_n and_o wall_n and_o carry_v they_o into_o the_o air._n if_o that_o therefore_o such_o a_o island_n of_o a_o sudden_a spring_a in_o the_o sea_n adhere_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n we_o must_v necessary_o say_v that_o it_o be_v force_v upward_o by_o the_o violence_n of_o some_o subterraneous_a wind_n as_o some_o write_v that_o mountain_n sometime_o be_v thrust_v forth_o of_o the_o earth_n but_o if_o that_o it_o no_o long_o adhere_v to_o the_o bottom_n as_o well_o the_o wind_n as_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o water_n may_v separate_v it_o from_o the_o bottom_n so_o that_o at_o length_n by_o its_o own_o levity_n it_o be_v carry_v upward_o to_o the_o superficies_n proposition_n fourteen_o whence_o another_o doubt_n do_v arise_v viz._n whether_o that_o there_o be_v certain_a island_n that_o swim_v on_o the_o sea_n as_o thales_n suppose_v the_o whole_a earth_n to_o swim_v on_o the_o ocean_n for_o the_o opinion_n of_o thales_n it_o be_v sufficient_o refute_v see_v that_o the_o channel_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v find_v continuous_a to_o the_o land_n but_o reason_n persuade_v we_o that_o there_o may_v be_v swim_v island_n if_o that_o the_o land_n be_v light_a and_o sulphureous_a seneca_n add_v experience_n for_o he_o say_v that_o he_o see_v the_o isle_n catylias_n swim_v which_o have_v tree_n and_o bring_v forth_o grass_n and_o herb_n that_o the_o water_n sustain_v it_o and_o that_o it_o be_v not_o only_o drive_v hither_o and_o thither_o by_o the_o wind_n but_o also_o by_o the_o air_n and_o that_o it_o continue_v not_o in_o one_o station_n either_o by_o day_n or_o by_o night_n moreover_o there_o be_v another_o island_n in_o the_o lake_n vadimon_n another_o in_o the_o lake_n station_n so_o the_o ancient_n relate_v that_o delos_n and_o all_o the_o cyclades_n former_o swim_v in_o the_o sea_n neither_o may_v you_o object_v why_o do_v not_o those_o island_n swim_v at_o this_o day_n for_o unto_o this_o the_o answer_n be_v easy_a that_o such_o a_o swim_a can_v continue_v long_o for_o see_v that_o those_o island_n almost_o touch_v at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n whilst_o that_o they_o be_v move_v hither_o and_o thither_o they_o be_v carry_v more_o or_o less_o elevate_v to_o the_o sand_n or_o channel_n especial_o if_o that_o they_o come_v in_o the_o midst_n between_o two_o sand_n that_o motion_n be_v stop_v and_o other_o collect_v earth_n be_v unite_v with_o this_o sand-bank_n or_o channel_n and_o so_o of_o swim_v island_n they_o become_v firm_a in_o fondura_fw-it a_o country_n in_o america_n at_o this_o day_n be_v a_o lake_n in_o which_o be_v many_o hill_n which_o be_v move_v to_o and_o fro_o with_o the_o wind_n in_o the_o great_a lake_n of_o scotland_n call_v loumond_n be_v a_o isle_n that_o swime_v and_o be_v move_v about_o although_o that_o it_o be_v apt_a for_o pasturage_n as_o boetius_fw-la write_v hitherto_o we_o have_v treat_v of_o the_o generation_n of_o the_o land_n or_o of_o the_o acid_n part_n of_o the_o earth_n that_o be_v extant_a on_o the_o superficies_n we_o shall_v now_o consider_v how_o the_o ocean_n and_o water_n may_v change_v their_o place_n and_o possess_v new_a proposition_n xv._o rivers_n possess_v certain_a tract_n of_o land_n which_o they_o possess_v not_o before_o and_o that_o for_o divers_a reason_n before_o certain_a tract_n of_o land_n which_o river_n possess_v which_o they_o possess_v not_o before_o 1._o when_o that_o they_o first_o arise_v from_o their_o fountain_n and_o receive_v a_o channel_n either_o from_o nature_n or_o by_o art_n of_o which_o we_o have_v speak_v in_o the_o fifteen_o chapter_n 2._o if_o that_o a_o river_n make_v another_o channel_n for_o itself_o or_o send_v forth_o a_o branch_n from_o itself_o which_o be_v most_o common_o do_v by_o man_n viz._n that_o they_o may_v bring_v part_n of_o the_o river_n unto_o city_n or_o into_o another_o river_n example_n of_o which_o we_o have_v allege_v in_o the_o forecited_a chapter_n 3._o if_o that_o river_n more_o and_o more_o possess_v the_o bank_n in_o progress_n of_o time_n which_o happen_v 1._o if_o that_o the_o channel_n become_v high_a from_o the_o sink_v down_o of_o the_o earth_n or_o sand._n 2._o if_o that_o it_o eat_v off_o the_o side_n of_o the_o bank_n by_o its_o swift_a course_n 3._o if_o that_o it_o be_v augment_v by_o another_o river_n and_o by_o a_o abundance_n of_o rain_n or_o a_o exhydria_n or_o impetuous_a wind_n accompany_v with_o a_o mighty_a fall_n of_o water_n 4._o if_o that_o they_o overflow_v the_o earth_n which_o if_o not_o go_v back_o again_o but_o do_v more_o and_o more_o augment_v they_o become_v lake_n or_o if_o they_o return_v to_o their_o ancient_a channel_n the_o water_n be_v effuse_v into_o the_o field_n become_v a_o marsh_n if_o that_o there_o be_v great_a abundance_n of_o it_o corollary_n it_o be_v probable_a therefore_o then_o that_o there_o be_v a_o time_n in_o which_o those_o tract_n of_o land_n which_o now_o the_o rhine_n elbe_n and_o the_o nile_n possess_v as_o also_o other_o river_n be_v dry_a and_o possess_v by_o the_o earth_n proposition_n xvi_o lake_n marsh_n and_o standing-pool_n occupy_v part_n of_o the_o earth_n that_o before_o they_o possess_v not_o not_o lake_n marsh_n and_o pool_n possess_v part_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o former_o they_o do_v not_o 1._o when_o that_o they_o first_o spring_v up_o and_o be_v augment_v in_o progress_n of_o time_n of_o which_o we_o have_v speak_v in_o the_o fifteen_o chapter_n 2._o if_o that_o abundance_n of_o rain_n fall_v 3._o if_o that_o river_n bring_v store_n of_o water_n with_o force_n into_o the_o lake_n 4._o if_o that_o the_o channel_n become_v more_o high_a 5._o if_o that_o the_o lake_n be_v agitate_a by_o often_o and_o more_o vehement_a flood_n by_o degree_n do_v more_o eat_v the_o bank_n and_o cover_v the_o land_n with_o water_n so_o the_o lake_n of_o harlem_n within_o thirty_o or_o forty_o year_n have_v extend_v beyond_o its_o former_a bank_n about_o the_o space_n of_o the_o twenty_o part_n of_o a_o mile_n corollary_n therefore_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o there_o be_v a_o time_n when_o those_o tract_n of_o land_n which_o now_o the_o lake_n zaire_n lemanus_n parina_n harlem_n maeotis_n or_o the_o marsh_n of_o westphalia_n and_o all_o other_o former_o possess_v be_v dry_a land_n proposition_n xvii_o the_o ocean_n possess_v part_n of_o the_o land_n which_o former_o it_o do_v not_o possess_v possess_v land_n possess_v by_o the_o ocean_n which_o former_o it_o do_v not_o possess_v this_o happen_v after_o various_a manner_n 1._o when_o that_o break_n through_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o land_n it_o make_v streights_n and_o gulf_n as_o the_o mediterranean_a the_o arabian_a that_o of_o bengala_n camboja_n and_o such_o like_a so_o the_o straight_a between_o sicily_n and_o italy_n between_o geilan_n and_o india_n between_o greece_n and_o euboeja_n between_o manilla_fw-la and_o magellan_n and_o also_o the_o danish_a etc._n etc._n neither_o be_v it_o improbable_a but_o that_o the_o atlantic_a ocean_n be_v so_o generate_v and_o that_o america_n be_v so_o divide_v from_o the_o old_a world_n or_o at_o least_o from_o europe_n which_o some_o do_v the_o more_o easy_o embrace_v that_o they_o may_v thence_o only_o deduct_v the_o original_a of_o the_o american_n nation_n from_o adam_n indeed_o the_o egyptian_a priest_n relate_v unto_o solon_n about_o six_o hundred_o year_n before_o christ_n as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o the_o dialogue_n of_o plato_n term_v timon_n that_o there_o be_v former_o opposite_a to_o the_o herculean_a streight_n of_o gibraltar_n a_o isle_n big_a than_o asia_n and_o europe_n together_o call_v atlantis_n and_o that_o part_n of_o it_o afterward_o by_o a_o great_a earthquake_n and_o a_o great_a deluge_n of_o one_o day_n and_o one_o night_n be_v swallow_v up_o in_o the_o ocean_n from_o which_o narration_n we_o may_v collect_v that_o in_o former_a time_n among_o the_o egyptian_n there_o be_v a_o fame_n especial_o among_o those_o that_o be_v learned_a of_o the_o separation_n of_o america_n from_o our_o world_n make_v many_o age_n before_o but_o it_o be_v far_o more_o likely_a that_o the_o north_n part_n of_o america_n in_o which_o be_v new_a france_n new_a england_n canada_n and_o the_o like_a do_v in_o former_a age_n adhere_v to_o ireland_n the_o ancient_n write_v that_o the_o strait_n of_o gibraltar_n be_v dug_n through_o by_o hercules_n 2._o when_o with_o a_o violent_a wind_n the_o ocean_n be_v force_v and_o overflow_v the_o land_n by_o break_v through_o or_o over_o the_o bank_n that_o be_v make_v by_o nature_n and_o art_n there_o be_v
the_o shore_n and_o in_o the_o harbour_n as_o also_o great_a ship_n come_v to_o zealand_n than_o to_o holland_n proposition_n v._o if_o a_o ship_n be_v so_o burden_v that_o its_o weight_n or_o gravity_n be_v almost_o equal_a to_o the_o weight_n or_o gravity_n of_o the_o sea_n water_n equal_a to_o the_o capacity_n of_o the_o ship_n yet_o it_o sink_v not_o in_o the_o sea_n but_o when_o it_o shall_v be_v bring_v into_o any_o river_n it_o sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n the_o reason_n be_v because_o the_o water_n of_o rivers_n be_v light_a than_o the_o water_n of_o the_o sea_n therefore_o if_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o lade_a ship_n be_v almost_o equal_a to_o the_o gravity_n of_o the_o marine_a water_n therefore_o it_o shall_v be_v great_a than_o the_o gravity_n of_o river_n water_n and_o so_o the_o ship_n shall_v be_v sink_v in_o the_o river_n or_o carry_v to_o the_o bottom_n many_o ship_n for_o this_o reason_n have_v perish_v which_o have_v be_v over_o lade_v by_o unskilful_a mariner_n or_o not_o unburden_v in_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n now_o how_o much_o this_o gravity_n shall_v be_v be_v know_v from_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o sea_n water_n to_o river_n water_n proposition_n vi_o any_o body_n swim_v on_o the_o water_n have_v that_o weight_n that_o the_o watery_a mole_n have_v equal_a to_o the_o demergent_a part_n of_o this_o body_n corollary_n the_o part_n of_o the_o ship_n be_v give_v which_o be_v under_o water_n the_o weight_n of_o the_o whole_a burden_a ship_n may_v be_v find_v for_o the_o gravity_n of_o the_o water_n be_v know_v or_o be_v easy_a to_o be_v find_v for_o example_n one_o cubick_a foot_n of_o water_n be_v 70_o li._n and_o therefore_o if_o the_o part_n of_o the_o ship_n under_o water_n be_v 2000_o cubick_a foot_n therefore_o the_o gravity_n of_o the_o watery_a mole_n which_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o part_n of_o the_o ship_n under_o water_n shall_v be_v 140000_o li._n so_o much_o also_o shall_v be_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o ship_n jade_v proposition_n vii_o a_o ship_n be_v most_o common_o account_v commodious_o to_o carry_v that_o quantity_n of_o burden_n who_o gravity_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o gravity_n of_o half_a the_o mole_n of_o water_n which_o the_o ship_n can_v contain_v for_o example_n if_o the_o ship_n can_v carry_v 500000_o tun_n of_o water_n whereof_o every_o one_o be_v account_v at_o 2000_o li._n weight_n that_o be_v if_o it_o contain_v the_o water_n of_o 1000000000_o li._n you_o may_v convenient_o lade_v it_o with_o the_o burden_n of_o 250000_o tun_n 1000000000._o in_o this_o sense_n you_o must_v understand_v it_o when_o they_o say_v that_o ship_n be_v so_o many_o tun_n or_o carry_v so_o many_o last_v the_o spanish_a carract_n carry_v 1200_o last_n the_o great_a holland_n indian_a ship_n 800_o last_n proposition_n viii_o by_o how_o much_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o ship_n jade_v be_v great_a by_o so_o much_o the_o less_o it_o be_v toss_v with_o storm_n and_o tempest_n lade_v a_o jade_a ship_n be_v not_o so_o subject_a to_o be_v toss_v in_o tempest_n as_o when_o not_o lade_v ship_n of_o 2000_o tun_n be_v not_o in_o danger_n of_o those_o tempest_n which_o be_v vexatious_a to_o ship_n of_o 300_o or_o 500_o tun_n much_o more_o may_v be_v say_v but_o this_o may_v suffice_v for_o element_n chap._n xxxvii_o of_o the_o three_o and_o chief_a part_n of_o the_o nautick_a aâ—t_n viz._n the_o art_n of_o guide_v or_o navigate_a of_o a_o ship_n and_o its_o subdivision_n of_o the_o four_o part_n proposition_n i._o that_o be_v term_v the_o art_n of_o guide_v or_o navigate_a of_o a_o ship_n which_o teach_v unto_o what_o quarter_n a_o ship_n be_v to_o be_v guide_v in_o any_o situation_n of_o it_o in_o the_o sea_n that_o it_o may_v come_v to_o the_o purpose_a place_n without_o danger_n i_o make_v four_o part_n of_o it_o ship_n of_o the_o guide_v or_o steer_v of_o ship_n 1._o special_a geography_n that_o be_v the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o space_n intercept_v between_o two_o place_n and_o the_o property_n of_o the_o same_o 2._o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o quarter_n in_o every_o place_n 3._o the_o cognition_n of_o the_o line_n by_o which_o the_o ship_n be_v to_o be_v bring_v from_o one_o place_n to_o the_o other_o for_o there_o be_v between_o every_o two_o place_n infinite_a intercept_v line_n this_o part_n be_v term_v histriodromice_n 4._o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o situation_n of_o every_o place_n unto_o which_o by_o sail_v we_o arrive_v or_o how_o these_o place_n be_v situate_v unto_o that_o place_n unto_o which_o the_o ship_n be_v to_o be_v direct_v this_o be_v the_o chief_a part_n of_o the_o art_n of_o sail_v proposition_n ii_o the_o cognition_n of_o the_o intermedial_a space_n comprehend_v these_o thing_n map_n thing_n observe_v from_o special_a geography_n and_o nautical_a map_n 1._o the_o situation_n of_o the_o place_n the_o procurrence_n of_o angle_n the_o bend_n of_o the_o shore_n the_o aspect_n of_o promontory_n mountain_n bay_n the_o depth_n of_o water_n the_o sight_n of_o island_n and_o coast_n of_o land_n all_o which_o be_v know_v from_o special_a geography_n and_o nautical_a map_n but_o most_o easy_o and_o with_o great_a certainty_n from_o observation_n and_o frequent_a navigation_n through_o any_o tract_n of_o land_n which_o be_v the_o only_a cause_n that_o some_o mariner_n be_v more_o fit_a to_o guide_v a_o ship_n to_o such_o place_n and_o other_o to_o another_o 2._o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o general_n and_o special_a wind_n and_o those_o that_o be_v peculiar_a unto_o any_o place_n which_o be_v exceed_o necessary_a in_o navigation_n which_o be_v undertake_v in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n and_o adjacent_a place_n for_o here_o a_o general_a wind_n and_o in_o many_o place_n anniversary_n wind_n which_o we_o have_v show_v to_o be_v call_v moussons_n motion_n in_o our_o xx._n chapter_n do_v rule_n which_o either_o promote_v or_o hinder_v navigation_n for_o the_o indian_a sea_n be_v sail_v by_o these_o anniversary_n wind_n of_o these_o and_o also_o of_o storm_n and_o tempest_n we_o have_v speak_v in_o the_o xx._n chapter_n 20._o see_v chap._n 20._o 3._o the_o condition_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o every_o tract_n also_o the_o quarter_n of_o it_o into_o which_o quarter_n the_o sea_n and_o wave_n be_v bear_v for_o they_o carry_v the_o ship_n with_o they_o the_o diversity_n of_o those_o motion_n in_o many_o place_n we_o have_v show_v in_o the_o xvii_o chap._n 17._o see_v chap._n 17._o first_o of_o all_o there_o be_v require_v a_o knowledge_n of_o the_o ship_n and_o reflux_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o time_n or_o hour_n of_o the_o increase_n and_o decrease_v at_o every_o day_n the_o supputation_n of_o which_o be_v term_v the_o reckon_n of_o the_o tide_n for_o except_v a_o master_n know_v this_o the_o ship_n be_v often_o much_o hazard_v when_o it_o be_v near_a shore_n or_o sand_n whereof_o most_o in_o the_o great_a increase_n of_o the_o water_n do_v not_o hinder_v the_o passage_n of_o the_o ship_n but_o most_o do_v in_o the_o decrease_n so_o with_o a_o flux_n the_o navigation_n be_v more_o facile_a to_o the_o shore_n and_o to_o the_o inlet_n of_o river_n and_o the_o contrary_n be_v discover_v in_o the_o reflux_n of_o the_o supputation_n of_o this_o time_n we_o have_v speak_v a_o little_a in_o the_o proposition_n of_o the_o xvii_o chapter_n chap._n xxxviii_o of_o the_o knowledge_n of_o place_n viz._n the_o north_n south_n east_n and_o west_n and_o the_o intermedial_a quarter_n proposition_n i._o in_o every_o place_n to_o know_v the_o plagas_fw-la viz._n the_o north_n south_n east_n and_o west_n and_o the_o intermedial_a quarter_n navigation_n the_o quarter_n very_o neccessary_a in_o navigation_n the_o knowledge_n of_o this_o be_v the_o most_o necessary_a of_o all_o the_o problem_n of_o the_o whole_a art_n of_o navigation_n see_v that_o a_o ship_n must_v be_v guide_v unto_o some_o quarter_n which_o if_o unknown_a there_o can_v be_v no_o direction_n and_o the_o very_a defect_n of_o this_o knowledge_n alone_o hinder_v the_o navigation_n of_o the_o ancient_n and_o in_o this_o be_v the_o chief_a difference_n between_o the_o ancient_n and_o modern_a navigation_n for_o the_o ancient_n have_v not_o a_o method_n by_o which_o at_o any_o time_n in_o the_o large_a ocean_n they_o may_v know_v where_o be_v the_o north_n where_o the_o south_n and_o the_o other_o quarter_n therefore_o they_o can_v not_o nor_o dare_v they_o commit_v themselves_o to_o the_o vast_a ocean_n but_o only_o coast_v the_o shore_n so_o that_o they_o may_v know_v the_o quarter_n from_o other_o sign_n quarter_n the_o ancient_n have_v a_o double_a method_n of_o find_v out_o the_o quarter_n the_o ancient_n have_v a_o double_a method_n which_o serve_v also_o to_o the_o modern_a navigation_n of_o find_v out_o the_o quarter_n
these_o be_v the_o three_o sort_n of_o property_n to_o be_v declare_v in_o special_a geography_n although_o those_o terrestrial_a property_n which_o make_v up_o the_o three_o rank_n be_v not_o so_o right_o refer_v to_o geography_n but_o we_o must_v yield_v somewhat_o to_o custom_n and_o the_o profit_n of_o learner_n we_o will_v beside_o these_o join_v many_o chapter_n to_o particular_a geography_n concern_v the_o practice_n of_o geography_n but_o in_o general_n geography_n which_o we_o will_v unfold_v in_o this_o book_n first_o the_o absolute_a property_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o its_o constitution_n be_v consider_v last_o in_o the_o comparative_a part_n those_o thing_n shall_v be_v propose_v which_o be_v offer_v unto_o we_o in_o the_o compare_v one_o place_n with_o another_o the_o principle_n of_o geography_n the_o principle_n which_o geography_n use_v for_o the_o confirm_v the_o truth_n of_o her_o proposition_n be_v threefold_a 1._o geometrical_a arithmetical_a and_o trigonometrical_a proposition_n 2._o astronomical_a precept_n and_o theorem_n although_o it_o may_v seem_v like_o a_o miracle_n for_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o which_o we_o dwell_v to_o use_v the_o celestial_a body_n which_o be_v so_o many_o thousand_o mile_n remote_a from_o we_o 3._o experience_n for_o indeed_o the_o great_a part_n of_o geography_n especial_o that_o which_o be_v particular_a be_v uphold_v by_o the_o only_a experience_n and_o observation_n of_o man_n who_o have_v describe_v every_o country_n the_o order_n of_o geography_n concern_v the_o order_n which_o i_o esteem_v sit_v to_o observe_v in_o this_o art_n of_o geography_n it_o have_v be_v already_o speak_v in_o the_o division_n and_o explication_n of_o the_o property_n thereof_o yet_o here_o meet_v we_o a_o certain_a difficulty_n concern_v the_o order_n to_o be_v observe_v in_o the_o explication_n of_o these_o property_n forsooth_o whether_o to_o all_o country_n their_o own_o property_n be_v to_o be_v attribute_v or_o whether_o the_o country_n themselves_o be_v to_o be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o property_n general_o explicate_v aristotle_n in_o the_o first_o book_n of_o the_o history_n of_o live_v creature_n as_o also_o in_o his_o first_o book_n of_o the_o part_n of_o live_a creature_n move_v the_o like_a doubt_n and_o dispute_v it_o at_o large_a whether_o according_a to_o the_o single_a â—orts_n of_o live_a creature_n their_o property_n be_v single_o to_o be_v reckon_v up_o or_o else_o whether_o these_o property_n be_v general_o to_o be_v declare_v and_o the_o live_a creature_n in_o which_o the_o may_v be_v find_v be_v then_o to_o be_v subjoin_v the_o like_a difficulty_n occur_v also_o in_o other_o part_n of_o philosophy_n we_o in_o general_n geography_n have_v general_o unfold_v some_o property_n which_o in_o special_a geography_n we_o will_v apply_v to_o the_o application_n of_o single_a country_n the_o method_n of_o geography_n as_o touch_v the_o method_n and_o manner_n of_o prove_v the_o truth_n of_o geographical_a tenant_n very_o many_o be_v prove_v in_o general_a geography_n by_o demonstration_n proper_o so_o call_v especial_o celestial_a property_n but_o in_o special_a geography_n the_o celestial_a property_n only_o except_v which_o may_v be_v demonstrate_v be_v in_o a_o manner_n declare_v without_o demonstration_n because_o experience_n and_o observation_n do_v confirm_v they_o neither_o can_v they_o be_v prove_v by_o any_o other_o mean_n also_o very_a many_o proposition_n be_v prove_v or_o rather_o demonstrate_v by_o the_o terrestrial_a artificial_a globe_n and_o also_o by_o geographical_a map_n and_o some_o of_o these_o proposition_n which_o be_v thus_o explain_v upon_o the_o globe_n etc._n etc._n may_v be_v confirm_v by_o lawful_a demonstration_n again_o some_o proposition_n can_v in_o no_o wise_n be_v so_o prove_v but_o be_v therefore_o receive_v because_o we_o suppose_v that_o all_o place_n in_o the_o globe_n and_o map_n be_v so_o dispose_v even_o as_o they_o lie_v on_o the_o earth_n yet_o in_o these_o thing_n we_o will_v rather_o follow_v the_o description_n make_v by_o author_n of_o geography_n the_o globe_n and_o map_n serve_v for_o the_o clear_n and_o more_o easy_a comprehension_n thereof_o the_o original_a of_o geography_n the_o original_a of_o geography_n be_v not_o new_a nor_o bring_v into_o the_o world_n at_o one_o birth_n neither_o come_v she_o to_o we_o from_o one_o man_n but_o her_o principle_n and_o foundation_n be_v lay_v long_o ago_o yea_o many_o age_n since_o although_o ancient_a geographer_n be_v employ_v only_o in_o describe_v country_n which_o be_v the_o part_n of_o chorography_n and_o topography_n the_o roman_n be_v accustom_v when_o any_o country_n by_o they_o be_v subdue_v to_o show_v in_o their_o triumph_n the_o chorography_n thereof_o lively_o pencil_v and_o draw_v on_o a_o table_n and_o flourish_v with_o picture_n to_o the_o beholder_n there_o be_v beside_o at_o rome_n in_o lucullus_n his_o porch_n many_o table_n of_o geography_n expose_v to_o the_o view_n of_o all_o man_n the_o senate_n of_o rome_n about_o a_o hundred_o year_n before_o christ_n birth_n send_v surveyor_n and_o geographer_n into_o divers_a part_n of_o the_o world_n that_o they_o may_v measure_v out_o the_o earth_n but_o they_o come_v far_o short_a thereof_o neco_n king_n of_o the_o egyptian_n many_o age_n before_o the_o birth_n of_o christ_n command_v that_o the_o whole_a outer-side_n of_o africa_n shall_v be_v discover_v by_o the_o phoenician_n in_o three_o year_n space_n king_n darius_n command_v that_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n indus_n and_o the_o ethiopian_a eastern-sea_n shall_v be_v search_v out_o alexander_n the_o great_a in_o his_o voyage_n to_o asia_n take_v with_o he_o diognetus_n and_o beton_n as_o pliny_n note_v two_o surveyor_n and_o describer_n of_o his_o journey_n out_o of_o who_o annotation_n and_o journal_o geographer_n of_o succeed_a age_n take_v many_o thing_n imperfect_a ancient_a geography_n very_o imperfect_a but_o the_o geography_n of_o the_o ancient_n be_v very_o lame_a and_o imperfect_a for_o first_o they_o know_v not_o america_n in_o the_o least_o 2._o the_o northern-land_n 3._o the_o south-land_n and_o magellan_n be_v utter_o unknown_a to_o they_o 4._o they_o know_v not_o whether_o the_o earth_n may_v be_v sail_v about_o or_o the_o main_a ocean_n with_o a_o continual_a trace_n do_v encompass_v it_o but_o yet_o i_o deny_v not_o but_o that_o some_o of_o the_o ancient_n be_v of_o that_o opinion_n yet_o i_o utter_o deny_v they_o know_v it_o certain_o 5._o they_o know_v not_o whether_o the_o torrid_a zone_n be_v habitable_a 6._o they_o be_v ignorant_a of_o the_o true_a dimension_n of_o the_o earth_n although_o they_o write_v many_o thing_n in_o this_o business_n the_o excellency_n of_o geography_n first_o the_o study_n of_o geography_n be_v commend_v to_o we_o by_o the_o great_a worthiness_n thereof_o because_o it_o most_o of_o all_o become_v man_n be_v a_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o endue_v with_o reason_n above_o all_o live_a creature_n second_o it_o be_v also_o a_o pleasant_a thing_n and_o indeed_o a_o honest_a recreation_n to_o contemplate_v the_o kingdom_n and_o property_n of_o the_o earth_n three_o the_o commodity_n and_o necessity_n of_o it_o be_v notable_a insomuch_o as_o neither_o divine_n physician_n lawyer_n historian_n nor_o other_o professor_n can_v want_v the_o knowledge_n thereof_o but_o the_o excellency_n of_o geography_n have_v be_v sufficient_o handle_v i_o place_v hereunder_o a_o table_n which_o open_v the_o order_n in_o special_a geography_n to_o the_o observe_v the_o explication_n of_o single_a country_n special_a geography_n consider_v in_o every_o region_n ten_o terrestrial_a 1._o limit_n and_o circumscription_n 2._o longitude_n of_o place_n and_o situation_n 3._o figure_n 4._o magnitude_n 5._o mountain_n the_o appellation_n situation_n and_o altitude_n their_o property_n and_o thing_n contain_v in_o they_o 6._o mine_n 7._o wood_n and_o desert_n 8._o water_n the_o sea_n lakes_n marsh_n river_n their_o spring_n inlet_n tract_n and_o latitude_n the_o quantity_n of_o water_n the_o celerity_n the_o quantity_n the_o cataract_n 9_o fertility_n sterility_n and_o fruit_n 10._o the_o animal_n eight_o celestial_a 1._o the_o distance_n of_o place_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o pole_n 2._o the_o obliquity_n of_o motion_n above_o the_o horizon_n 3._o the_o quantity_n of_o day_n 4._o the_o clime_n and_o zone_n 5._o the_o heat_n the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n the_o wind_n rain_n and_o other_o meteor_n 6._o the_o rise_n and_o stay_v of_o the_o star_n above_o the_o horizon_n 7._o the_o star_n pass_v through_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o the_o place_n 8._o the_o celerity_n or_o quantity_n of_o their_o motion_n according_a to_o the_o hypothesis_n of_o copernicus_n ten_o human_a thing_n 1._o the_o stature_n life_n meat_n and_o drink_n and_o the_o original_a of_o the_o inhabitant_n 2._o the_o income_n art_n merchandise_n or_o traffic_n 3._o virtue_n and_o vice_n the_o genius_n and_o erudition_n 4._o
vicine_fw-la place_n be_v to_o be_v find_v whereby_o it_o may_v come_v unto_o those_o northern_a region_n see_v that_o therefore_o this_o flux_n be_v perpetual_a neither_o do_v the_o water_n come_v by_o a_o manifest_a way_n unto_o those_o region_n whence_o the_o flux_n be_v make_v therefore_o it_o seem_v necessary_a to_o conclude_v that_o the_o water_n come_v through_o subterraneous_a passage_n unto_o those_o northern_a region_n and_o so_o there_o to_o be_v effuse_v from_o the_o hole_n of_o the_o channel_n as_o from_o a_o spring_n and_o that_o the_o water_n move_v hence_o towards_o the_o south_n there_o fall_v in_o another_o cause_n take_v from_o the_o former_a for_o the_o water_n of_o the_o ocean_n in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n be_v more_o heavy_a than_o that_o in_o the_o northern_a place_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a abundance_n of_o salt_n as_o we_o have_v prove_v in_o the_o eight_o and_o twelve_o proposition_n therefore_o the_o water_n or_o ocean_n in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n do_v more_o press_n through_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o subterranean_a passage_n than_o in_o the_o northern_a place_n and_o therefore_o in_o these_o place_n the_o water_n less_o resist_v suffer_v the_o water_n to_o flow_v from_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o channel_n unto_o this_o i_o answer_v that_o that_o flux_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v not_o only_o from_o the_o north_n as_o the_o objection_n seem_v to_o infer_v and_o as_o some_o especial_o the_o ancient_n conceive_v of_o it_o who_o will_v have_v the_o water_n to_o flow_v in_o four_o channel_n from_o the_o very_a pole_n as_o also_o some_o geographical_a map_n do_v exhibit_v it_o neither_o be_v it_o continual_a but_o be_v observe_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o frequency_n of_o northern_a wind_n moreover_o the_o great_a and_o perpetual_a abundance_n of_o snow_n and_o rain_n in_o those_o place_n augment_v the_o water_n and_o cause_v it_o to_o flow_v towards_o the_o south_n add_v likewise_o that_o in_o other_o part_n another_o motion_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v find_v concern_v which_o see_v the_o follow_a chapter_n 3._o it_o seem_v not_o absurd_a but_o rather_o most_o true_a that_o all_o the_o fountain_n of_o river_n take_v together_o disburthen_v themselves_o into_o the_o ocean_n be_v the_o very_a fountain_n of_o the_o ocean_n for_o see_v that_o in_o perpetual_a progress_n of_o time_n so_o great_a a_o abundance_n of_o water_n flow_v from_o they_o into_o the_o ocean_n questionless_a the_o water_n come_v from_o the_o ocean_n to_o the_o very_a spring_n and_o channel_n of_o the_o river_n partly_o through_o the_o subterranean_a passage_n and_o partly_o by_o ra_n 4._o it_o may_v seem_v to_o prove_v that_o the_o fountain_n of_o the_o ocean_n may_v be_v in_o the_o very_a channel_n because_o that_o in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o ocean_n in_o some_o part_n sweet_a or_o fresh_a water_n be_v find_v which_o can_v not_o be_v but_o by_o some_o fountain_n flow_v in_o the_o bottom_n linschaten_a relate_v that_o in_o ormus_n fresh_a water_n be_v draw_v by_o divers_a in_o the_o ocean_n at_o the_o depth_n of_o four_o or_o five_o orgya_n and_o the_o like_a fountain_n be_v find_v in_o other_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n and_o bays_n unto_o this_o i_o answer_v that_o few_o such_o spring_n have_v yet_o be_v find_v which_o suffice_v not_o the_o vast_a ocean_n neither_o do_v we_o dispute_v concern_v these_o fountain_n as_o we_o have_v say_v before_o hence_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o in_o some_o sort_n it_o be_v true_a and_o we_o may_v well_o say_v that_o the_o ocean_n have_v spring_n but_o not_o in_o that_o sense_n that_o we_o be_v wont_v to_o speak_v concern_v the_o spring_n of_o river_n and_o in_o which_o we_o will_v have_v our_o proposition_n to_o be_v take_v hence_o also_o it_o be_v manifest_v what_o we_o ought_v to_o think_v concern_v that_o question_n viz._n whether_o the_o sea_n be_v always_o one_o and_o the_o same_o and_o perpetual_o so_o remain_v or_o whether_o it_o be_v another_o thing_n who_o part_n be_v perpetual_o consume_v and_o generate_v again_o proposition_n viii_o the_o saltness_n of_o the_o water_n proceed_v from_o the_o particle_n of_o salt_n which_o be_v mix_v with_o it_o but_o whence_o they_o may_v exist_v or_o be_v so_o augment_v be_v the_o doubt_n sea-water_n of_o the_o saltness_n of_o the_o sea-water_n experlence_n prove_v the_o first_o member_n of_o the_o proposition_n by_o which_o it_o be_v common_o know_v that_o salt_n be_v make_v of_o sea-water_n by_o decoction_n of_o the_o water_n or_o by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n or_o the_o fervour_n of_o the_o fire_n in_o germany_n and_o other_o place_n the_o water_n be_v separate_v by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o fire_n in_o france_n the_o great_a heat_n of_o the_o sun_n perform_v the_o same_o the_o ocean_n be_v let_v into_o certain_a trench_n make_v in_o which_o in_o the_o space_n of_o some_o month_n the_o water_n be_v exhale_v by_o the_o force_n of_o the_o sun_n make_v of_o salt_n and_o of_o what_o make_v concrete_v and_o hard_a salt_n be_v find_v on_o the_o shore_n of_o many_o region_n as_o of_o england_n and_o other_o part_n plenty_n of_o bay-salt_n be_v find_v the_o sea-water_n continual_o overflow_a those_o shore_n leave_v daily_o some_o particle_n or_o humour_n from_o which_o the_o water_n exhale_v and_o concrete_a salt_n be_v leave_v who_o blackness_n be_v take_v away_o by_o boil_v although_o it_o be_v wash_v away_o and_o dissolve_v from_o many_o coast_n by_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o ocean_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o it_o be_v not_o find_v on_o all_o coast_n see_v therefore_o that_o this_o experiment_n be_v common_a aristotle_n have_v small_a reason_n to_o allege_v a_o false_a experiment_n concern_v a_o waxen_a vessel_n let_v down_o into_o the_o sea_n hence_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o proximate_a cause_n of_o the_o saltness_n of_o the_o sea-water_n or_o the_o true_a subject_n of_o this_o saltness_n be_v the_o saline_n particle_n which_o be_v contain_v in_o that_o water_n therefore_o the_o aristotelian_o with_o their_o master_n speak_v improper_o and_o obscured_o without_o cause_n when_o they_o defend_v and_o say_v that_o the_o saltness_n of_o the_o sea_n proceed_v from_o the_o adustion_n of_o the_o sea_n cause_v by_o the_o sun_n or_o from_o the_o adust_a particle_n but_o of_o this_o more_o anon_o the_o chief_a difficulty_n and_o controversy_n be_v concern_v the_o other_o member_n of_o the_o proposition_n whence_o these_o salt_n particle_n of_o the_o ocean_n exist_v aristotle_n suppose_v that_o dry_a exhalation_n or_o fume_n all_o which_o he_o say_v be_v of_o a_o adust_a and_o saline_n nature_n elevate_v from_o the_o earth_n be_v mix_v with_o humid_a vapour_n and_o when_o that_o these_o have_v meet_v together_o in_o rain_n they_o fall_v with_o these_o into_o the_o sea_n and_o that_o thence_o proceed_v the_o saltness_n and_o salt_n particle_n in_o the_o sea_n 7._o see_v aristotle_n lib._n 2._o chap._n 7._o and_o on_o this_o account_n he_o seem_v to_o defend_v this_o opinion_n because_o that_o from_o thence_o he_o may_v render_v a_o reason_n why_o the_o sea_n be_v always_o salt_n but_o other_o peripatetic_n will_v have_v it_o and_o so_o do_v endeavour_v to_o draw_v aristotle_n to_o their_o part_n that_o this_o saltness_n be_v in_o the_o sea_n itself_o by_o reason_n that_o it_o be_v perpetual_o scorch_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n a_o sign_n of_o which_o be_v that_o the_o water_n be_v find_v by_o so_o much_o the_o less_o salt_n by_o how_o much_o it_o be_v more_o deep_a or_o remote_a from_o the_o superficies_n for_o in_o the_o superficies_n we_o discover_v it_o to_o be_v most_o salt_n both_o these_o opinion_n be_v obstruct_v with_o great_a difficulty_n and_o absurdity_n so_o that_o it_o seem_v wonderful_a that_o the_o mind_n of_o philosopher_n and_o learned_a man_n can_v acquiesce_v in_o they_o first_o the_o opinion_n of_o aristotle_n be_v thus_o obstruct_a that_o salt-rain_n shall_v be_v find_v in_o the_o ocean_n which_o never_o yet_o be_v find_v to_o be_v void_a of_o all_o taste_n of_o salt_n second_o the_o sea_n shall_v be_v less_o salt_n when_o it_o rain_v not_o for_o a_o long_a time_n the_o contrary_a of_o which_o yet_o be_v find_v the_o other_o opinion_n have_v these_o difficulty_n 1._o it_o be_v false_a that_o the_o water_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v find_v the_o less_o salt_n by_o how_o much_o they_o be_v nigh_o to_o the_o bottom_n for_o there_o be_v few_o place_n viz._n in_o those_o bottom_n where_o spring_n of_o fresh_a water_n do_v flow_v 2._o experience_n testify_v that_o fresh_a water_n although_o long_o expose_v to_o the_o sun_n or_o heat_n of_o the_o fire_n yet_o do_v not_o become_v salt_n this_o objection_n scaliger_n endeavour_v to_o avoid_v by_o a_o overnice_a subtlety_n for_o he_o say_v that_o this_o happen_v in_o these_o observation_n by_o reason_n of_o
the_o exiguity_n of_o the_o water_n which_o do_v not_o grow_v thick_a but_o resolve_v for_o although_o you_o take_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o water_n and_o that_o you_o provoke_v with_o a_o light_n and_o gentle_a fire_n that_o the_o resolution_n may_v be_v impede_v yet_o the_o water_n acquire_v no_o salt_n taste_v 3._o lake_n and_o marsh_n though_o heat_v by_o the_o sun_n yet_o wax_v not_o salt_n this_o objection_n also_o scaliger_n endeavour_v to_o avoid_v say_v that_o this_o happen_v by_o the_o succession_n of_o fresh_a water_n and_o the_o same_o be_v find_v in_o those_o stand_a pool_n and_o lake_n which_o only_o proceed_v from_o rain_n or_o snow_n dissolve_v where_o there_o be_v no_o place_n for_o that_o refuge_n of_o succession_n for_o those_o lake_n be_v rather_o dry_v when_o that_o it_o rain_v not_o for_o a_o long_a space_n than_o turn_v into_o salt_n or_o render_v salt_n therefore_o reject_v those_o false_a opinion_n concern_v the_o cause_n and_o original_n of_o salt_n in_o the_o ocean_n let_v we_o lay_v hold_n of_o one_o of_o the_o most_o probable_a opinion_n with_o little_a or_o no_o difficulty_n in_o it_o viz._n 1._o that_o these_o particle_n be_v coeternal_a with_o the_o very_a ocean_n and_o therefore_o we_o shall_v no_o more_o dispute_v concern_v their_o original_n than_o concern_v the_o original_n of_o the_o ocean_n itself_o the_o earth_n yea_o and_o of_o the_o original_n and_o generation_n of_o the_o world_n 2._o if_o that_o this_o opinion_n be_v less_o complacent_fw-la we_o may_v make_v choice_n of_o another_o viz._n that_o these_o salt_n particle_n be_v here_o and_o there_o pull_v from_o the_o earth_n and_o so_o dissolve_v into_o water_n now_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o there_o be_v many_o saline_a mountain_n or_o rock_n in_o the_o bosom_n of_o the_o sea_n rock_n isle_n of_o ormus_n a_o salt_n rock_n the_o whole_a isle_n of_o ormus_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o white_a and_o hard_a salt_n of_o which_o they_o make_v the_o wall_n of_o their_o house_n and_o therefore_o no_o fountain_n of_o fresh_a water_n be_v find_v in_o that_o isle_n and_o none_o can_v be_v ignorant_a how_o that_o many_o mine_n of_o salt_n be_v find_v on_o the_o land_n and_o we_o have_v relate_v concern_v some_o in_o the_o eleven_o chapter_n but_o we_o need_v not_o particular_n let_v we_o consider_v the_o whole_a earth_n it_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n have_v much_o salt_n in_o it_o the_o great_a part_n of_o which_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o salt_n for_o it_o have_v its_o consistency_n from_o salt_n for_o the_o chemical_a philosopher_n do_v right_o prove_v that_o the_o consistency_n and_o compaction_n of_o every_o thing_n proceed_v from_o salt_n and_o experience_n be_v answerable_a to_o the_o assertion_n for_o if_o that_o you_o take_v a_o hard_a piece_n of_o earth_n and_o burn_v it_o to_o ash_n much_o salt_n will_v be_v find_v in_o it_o nothing_o can_v be_v allege_v against_o this_o opinion_n that_o be_v of_o any_o value_n and_o be_v not_o easy_o refute_v for_o some_o say_v that_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o those_o salt_n part_n of_o the_o earth_n shall_v perpetual_o suffice_v and_o shall_v not_o at_o some_o time_n or_o other_o be_v consume_v by_o the_o water_n of_o the_o ocean_n which_o continual_o take_v away_o some_o part_n of_o they_o unto_o this_o i_o answer_v that_o the_o salt_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v not_o consume_v in_o so_o great_a abundance_n that_o it_o shall_v stand_v in_o need_n of_o much_o instauration_n and_o if_o that_o any_o be_v consume_v yet_o notwithstanding_o that_o be_v lay_v up_o in_o another_o place_n see_v that_o it_o be_v not_o remove_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n proposition_n ix_o whether_o that_o water_n be_v the_o fresh_a in_o the_o ocean_n by_o how_o much_o it_o be_v nigh_a the_o bottom_n and_o why_o in_o some_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n fresh_a water_n be_v find_v in_o the_o bottom_n sea_n of_o the_o freshness_n of_o water_n in_o the_o sea_n unto_o the_o first_o i_o answer_v that_o experience_n do_v not_o testify_v concern_v that_o sweetness_n but_o in_o some_o place_n of_o which_o the_o other_o question_n speak_v that_o in_o these_o place_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v fountain_n of_o fresh_a water_n i_o have_v sufficient_o say_v for_o it_o can_v natural_o be_v that_o the_o more_o salt-water_n shall_v exist_v above_o water_n less_o salt_n see_v that_o that_o be_v more_o heavy_a those_o place_n of_o the_o sea_n where_o fresh_a water_n be_v find_v to_o spring_v at_o the_o bottom_n may_v be_v collect_v by_o those_o that_o be_v studious_a from_o the_o writer_n of_o geography_n proposition_n x._o the_o water_n of_o the_o ocean_n become_v less_o salt_n by_o how_o much_o it_o be_v near_o the_o pole_n and_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o more_o salt_n by_o how_o much_o it_o be_v more_o near_o the_o aequator_fw-la or_o torrid_a zone_n although_o this_o may_v be_v understand_v of_o most_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n yet_o the_o proposition_n admit_v of_o some_o exception_n the_o cause_n of_o this_o inequality_n in_o saltness_n be_v sixfold_a place_n the_o cause_n of_o the_o inequality_n of_o the_o saltness_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o different_a place_n 1._o that_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n lift_v up_o more_o vapour_n from_o the_o ocean_n into_o the_o cloud_n than_o in_o the_o northern_a place_n which_o be_v the_o vapour_n of_o freshwater_n because_o that_o the_o particle_n of_o salt_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o gravity_n be_v not_o so_o easy_o lift_v up_o see_v therefore_o that_o from_o the_o water_n of_o the_o ocean_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n or_o where_o the_o place_n be_v more_o near_o the_o torrid_a zone_n so_o much_o the_o vapour_n be_v separate_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n thence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o water_n that_o be_v lest_o be_v find_v more_o salt_n there_o than_o in_o the_o northern_a place_n where_o there_o be_v not_o so_o much_o freshwater_n separate_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o weak_a heat_n of_o the_o sun_n cause_n the_o second_o cause_n 2._o the_o second_o cause_n be_v the_o heat_n or_o cold_a of_o the_o water_n for_o the_o same_o numerical_a water_n or_o salt_n meat_n as_o also_o pickle_a meat_n sauce_n and_o the_o like_a afford_v a_o more_o sensible_a saltness_n to_o the_o taste_n when_o they_o be_v eat_v hot_a than_o when_o cold_a for_o the_o heat_n or_o particle_n of_o the_o fire_n do_v move_v and_o render_v the_o particle_n of_o the_o salt_n contain_v in_o such_o meat_n more_o acute_a and_o separate_v they_o from_o the_o admixture_n whence_o they_o bite_v and_o prick_v the_o tongue_n more_o sharp_o now_o because_o the_o water_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v the_o more_o hot_a by_o how_o much_o it_o be_v nigh_a the_o aequator_fw-la or_o the_o parallel_n of_o the_o sun_n at_o every_o day_n and_o contrariwise_o the_o more_o cold_a by_o how_o much_o it_o be_v more_o near_o the_o pole_n thence_o it_o follow_v that_o water_n though_o they_o shall_v contain_v the_o same_o quantity_n of_o salt_n yet_o they_o must_v seem_v and_o appear_v so_o much_o the_o salt_a to_o the_o taste_n by_o how_o much_o they_o be_v near_o to_o the_o torrid_a zone_n and_o by_o how_o much_o they_o be_v more_o near_o the_o pole_n by_o so_o much_o they_o have_v less_o sensible_a salt_n cause_n the_o 3d_o cause_n 3._o the_o three_o cause_n be_v the_o more_o or_o less_o quantity_n of_o salt_n in_o the_o diverse_a part_n of_o the_o channel_n of_o the_o ocean_n for_o as_o we_o find_v in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n that_o there_o be_v not_o pit_n of_o salt_n in_o they_o all_o neither_o where_o they_o be_v find_v be_v there_o the_o like_a quantity_n of_o salt_n must_v be_v hold_v concern_v the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n that_o the_o sea_n wash_v or_o cover_v that_o be_v the_o channel_n or_o the_o shore_n where_o there_o be_v therefore_o most_o quantity_n of_o salt_n or_o mineral_n in_o the_o bottom_n or_o shore_n of_o the_o ocean_n there_o the_o water_n be_v more_o salt_n because_o that_o it_o be_v impregnate_v with_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o salt_n so_o the_o isle_n of_o ormus_n consist_v all_o of_o salt_n therefore_o the_o adjacent_a ocean_n have_v very_a salt_n water_n but_o whether_o there_o be_v great_a plenty_n of_o salt_n in_o the_o channel_n and_o shore_n of_o the_o ocean_n in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n or_o more_o saline_a mine_n than_o in_o the_o north_n be_v very_o doubtful_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o want_n of_o observation_n yet_o it_o seem_v probable_a unto_o some_o that_o there_o be_v great_a quantity_n of_o salt_n in_o those_o place_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a heat_n of_o the_o sun_n by_o which_o the_o part_n of_o the_o water_n be_v separate_v from_o the_o terrestrial_a and_o
by_o reason_n that_o the_o sea_n water_n contain_v a_o fix_a salt_n which_o be_v a_o far_o more_o weighty_a body_n than_o fresh_a water_n and_o we_o have_v show_v that_o in_o divers_a part_n of_o the_o sea_n there_o be_v a_o divers_a quantity_n of_o salt_n yet_o do_v it_o not_o follow_v that_o water_n be_v more_o heavy_a by_o how_o much_o it_o be_v the_o more_o salt_n which_o do_v not_o augment_v the_o gravity_n but_o lessen_v it_o and_o yet_o render_v the_o water_n very_a salt_n proposition_n xiii_o salt_n water_n do_v not_o so_o easy_o freeze_v as_o fresh_a or_o a_o great_a dègree_n of_o cold_a be_v require_v to_o the_o congelation_n of_o sea_n water_n than_o of_o fresh_a fresh_a salt_n water_n do_v not_o so_o soon_o freeze_v as_o fresh_a experience_v sufficient_o show_v this_o against_o the_o aristotelian_o who_o defend_v that_o water_n be_v so_o much_o the_o lesser_a obnoxious_a to_o congelation_n by_o how_o much_o it_o be_v the_o more_o pure_a and_o therefore_o shall_v more_o easy_o congeal_v as_o recede_v more_o from_o the_o elementary_a water_n which_o be_v false_a now_o the_o cause_n be_v that_o in_o the_o salt_n itself_o their_o be_v a_o certain_a spirit_n which_o resist_v congelation_n and_o be_v separate_v from_o the_o salt_n admit_v of_o no_o congelation_n from_o the_o hard_a frost_n as_o those_o that_o be_v skilful_a in_o chemistry_n know_v for_o the_o spirit_n of_o salt_n be_v a_o medicament_n sufficient_o know_v and_o of_o frequent_a use_n proposition_n fourteen_o why_o the_o ocean_n be_v not_o big_a see_v that_o it_o receive_v so_o many_o river_n the_o cause_n be_v 1._o that_o the_o water_n return_v to_o the_o sea_n through_o subterraneous_a passage_n unto_o the_o fountain_n of_o the_o river_n as_o shall_v be_v explicate_v in_o the_o follow_a chapter_n 2._o because_o that_o many_o vapour_n be_v elevate_v from_o the_o ocean_n whereof_o many_o be_v resolve_v into_o rain_n fall_v into_o the_o ocean_n and_o part_n on_o the_o land_n proposition_n xv._o certain_a part_n of_o the_o ocean_n differ_v in_o colour_n colour_n the_o water_n in_o the_o ocean_n in_o all_o place_n not_o of_o one_o and_o the_o same_o colour_n experience_n testify_v that_o in_o the_o northern_a place_n the_o sea_n seem_v of_o a_o more_o black_a colour_n in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n of_o a_o duskish_a colour_n in_o other_o place_n of_o a_o blue_a about_o certain_a shore_n of_o new_a guinee_n the_o ocean_n be_v find_v of_o a_o white_a colour_n in_o some_o other_o place_n of_o a_o yellow_a in_o streights_n the_o water_n appear_v to_o incline_v to_o white_a at_o the_o shore_n of_o congi_n not_o far_o from_o bay_a a_o d'alvaro_n gonzales_n a_o rivulet_n or_o a_o arm_n be_v disburden_v into_o the_o sea_n of_o somewhat_o a_o redish_n colour_n take_v from_o a_o mine_n of_o red_a earth_n through_o which_o it_o flow_v but_o the_o arabian_a gulf_n call_v therefore_o the_o red_a sea_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o property_n of_o the_o colour_n some_o will_v have_v the_o denomination_n take_v from_o king_n erythreus_n other_o from_o the_o splendour_n which_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n repercuss_v do_v effect_n but_o the_o more_o probable_a opinion_n and_o that_o which_o be_v confirm_v from_o experience_n be_v that_o the_o redness_n do_v arise_v from_o the_o sand_n of_o a_o red_a colour_n which_o be_v find_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o this_o sea_n and_o on_o the_o shore_n and_o be_v frequent_o admix_v with_o the_o water_n it_o the_o water_n in_o the_o red_a sea_n only_o red_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o red_a sâ—â—â—â—_n in_o it_o the_o cause_n of_o this_o admixture_n which_o seem_v contrary_a to_o the_o ponderousness_n of_o sand_n be_v the_o vehemency_n of_o the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n of_o the_o water_n or_o its_o swiftness_n and_o agitation_n in_o this_o sea_n by_o which_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o sand_n or_o gravel_n be_v agitate_a and_o move_v up_o and_o down_o and_o so_o hinder_v by_o the_o continual_a motion_n of_o the_o sea_n that_o it_o can_v rest_v mariner_n affirm_v that_o the_o water_n of_o this_o sea_n sometime_o appear_v as_o red_a as_o blood_n but_o if_o take_v up_o in_o a_o vessel_n the_o sand_n will_v sink_v down_o and_o then_o the_o water_n appear_v otherwise_o it_o often_o happen_v that_o storm_n from_o the_o red_a sea_n rush_v into_o arabia_n or_o africa_n carry_v with_o they_o so_o great_a a_o abundance_n of_o sand_n and_o cast_v it_o on_o the_o earth_n that_o it_o cover_v whole_a troop_n of_o man_n and_o beast_n whence_o proceed_v the_o true_a mummy_n whether_o from_o the_o same_o or_o another_o cause_n the_o sea_n between_o california_n and_o america_n be_v term_v red_a vermejo_n i_o have_v not_o as_o yet_o find_v it_o observe_v by_o writer_n proposition_n xvi_o certain_a peculiar_a thing_n be_v find_v in_o certain_a part_n of_o the_o ocean_n place_n of_o thing_n in_o the_o ocean_n peculiar_a to_o certain_a place_n the_o sea_n term_v diego_n sargasso_n by_o the_o portugal_n which_o begin_v not_o 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reflux_n at_o damman_n at_o the_o city_n damman_n in_o india_n not_o far_o from_o surat_n the_o altitude_n of_o the_o water_n by_o flux_n and_o reflux_n be_v vary_v at_o two_o and_o a_o half_a orygas_n and_o the_o sea_n depart_v from_o the_o shore_n the_o space_n of_o half_a a_o mile_n in_o the_o gulf_n of_o cambaja_n the_o flux_n augment_v the_o altitude_n five_o orgyas_n other_o say_v seven_o which_o unusual_a augmentation_n have_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o loss_n of_o many_o ship_n by_o unexperienced_a mariner_n for_o the_o water_n fall_v they_o have_v be_v split_v on_o the_o rock_n red-sea_n no_o constant_a time_n of_o the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n in_o the_o strait_n of_o magellan_n the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n in_o the_o red-sea_n in_o the_o gulf_n and_o shore_n of_o the_o strait_n of_o magellan_n no_o constant_a time_n of_o the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n be_v observe_v for_o sometime_o the_o water_n flow_v and_o reflow_v in_o three_o hour_n othersome_a in_o twelve_o hour_n which_o inconstancy_n be_v to_o be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o violent_a irruption_n of_o the_o ocean_n into_o that_o straight_a and_o from_o the_o various_a agitation_n of_o the_o wind_n about_o malacca_n also_o at_o the_o straight_a of_o sunda_n a_o notable_a flux_n and_o deflux_n be_v observe_v in_o the_o arabian_a gulf_n or_o red_a sea_n some_o of_o the_o ancient_n have_v write_v that_o there_o be_v so_o great_a a_o reflux_n as_o scaliger_n write_v that_o moses_n and_o the_o israelite_n pass_v over_o without_o any_o miracle_n but_o it_o be_v false_a because_o the_o reflux_n be_v not_o there_o so_o great_a as_o to_o leave_v the_o channel_n dry_a on_o the_o coast_n of_o china_n the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n be_v very_o sensible_a as_o also_o at_o the_o isle_n of_o japan_n at_o panama_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o america_n lie_v at_o the_o pacifick_n ocean_n the_o sea_n be_v very_o much_o exalt_v panama_n the_o sea_n at_o the_o flux_n much_o exalt_v at_o panama_n and_o by_o and_o by_o depress_v again_o in_o the_o full_a moon_n the_o flux_n be_v so_o much_o augment_v that_o water_n enter_v into_o the_o house_n of_o the_o city_n yea_o in_o almost_o all_o the_o shore_n of_o the_o south_n sea_n the_o altitude_n of_o the_o water_n be_v wonderful_o augment_v and_o diminish_v so_o that_o in_o the_o reflux_n the_o decrease_n be_v sensible_a for_o two_o mile_n in_o the_o gulf_n of_o bengala_n at_o the_o shore_n of_o sâ—am_n the_o flux_n augment_v the_o altitude_n ten_o foot_n sea_n the_o flux_n not_o perceivable_a in_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n but_o in_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n which_o flow_v in_o through_o the_o strait_n of_o gibraltar_n from_o the_o west_n to_o the_o east_n the_o flux_n be_v not_o perceivable_a because_o the_o situation_n be_v contrary_a to_o the_o quarter_n into_o which_o the_o sea_n be_v move_v and_o therefore_o the_o water_n of_o it_o be_v little_o augment_v by_o the_o flux_n so_o that_o it_o be_v not_o discernible_a unless_o in_o the_o gulf_n of_o venice_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o its_o long_a extension_n and_o small_a latitude_n show_v the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n when_o in_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o notable_a latitude_n that_o little_a augmentation_n and_o decrease_n be_v not_o discover_v whence_o this_o flux_n and_o reflux_n be_v unknown_a to_o the_o grecian_n as_o also_o to_o the_o roman_n in_o the_o time_n of_o scipio_n africanus_n and_o the_o grecian_n as_o well_v as_o the_o roman_n account_v it_o as_o miraculous_a what_o sometime_o they_o discover_v in_o other_o place_n as_o be_v manifest_a from_o the_o expedition_n of_o alexander_n the_o great_a and_o of_o scipio_n in_o the_o expugnation_n of_o carthage_n but_o in_o the_o time_n of_o cicero_n it_o be_v know_v to_o the_o roman_n yet_o some_o observe_v it_o a_o little_a at_o massilia_n also_o at_o certain_a coast_n of_o barbary_n it_o be_v note_v enough_o out_o the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n in_o the_o baltic_a sea_n not_o yet_o find_v out_o in_o the_o baltic_a ocean_n as_o also_o in_o the_o whole_a northern_a sea_n beyond_o england_n towards_o norway_n and_o greenland_n the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o yet_o find_v out_o as_o neither_o in_o the_o north_n coast_n of_o the_o pacifick_n ocean_n but_o the_o cause_n be_v not_o yet_o sufficient_o know_v unless_o you_o will_v say_v that_o those_o sea_n be_v remote_a from_o the_o course_n of_o the_o moon_n and_o also_o that_o they_o be_v extend_v from_o the_o west_n to_o the_o east_n and_o north_n moreover_o that_o many_o isle_n and_o procurrency_n of_o land_n do_v hinder_v these_o three_o must_v be_v conjoin_v to_o impede_fw-la the_o flux_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o these_o place_n proposition_n xv._o the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v a_o violent_a motion_n viz._n a_o impulse_n but_o the_o reflux_n be_v a_o natural_a motion_n of_o the_o water_n for_o the_o flux_n be_v cause_v by_o the_o pression_n of_o the_o moon_n or_o matter_n between_o the_o moon_n and_o the_o earth_n or_o also_o because_o that_o the_o sea_n do_v not_o remain_v in_o that_o situation_n which_o be_v receive_v in_o the_o flux_n this_o be_v a_o sign_n that_o it_o be_v a_o violent_a motion_n but_o in_o the_o reflux_n the_o sea_n be_v move_v from_o a_o more_o high_a place_n to_o a_o more_o depress_a place_n which_o be_v the_o natural_a motion_n of_o water_n lemma_n the_o place_n of_o the_o moon_n be_v give_v in_o the_o ecliptic_a and_o the_o latitude_n and_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n from_o a_o ephemerides_n or_o by_o supputation_n or_o astronomical_a observation_n to_o find_v on_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n the_o place_n unto_o which_o the_o moon_n at_o the_o hour_n give_v be_v vertical_a also_o to_o exhibit_v all_o those_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n unto_o
do_v grow_v and_o where_o that_o all_o well_n be_v salt_n in_o the_o city_n of_o suez_n at_o the_o termination_n of_o the_o red_a sea_n all_o well_n be_v salt_n or_o brackish_a and_o the_o water_n two_o mile_n distant_a be_v somewhat_o salt_n so_o in_o many_o island_n in_o the_o sea_n no_o well_n of_o fresh_a water_n be_v find_v though_o not_o so_o salt_n as_o the_o sea_n water_n itself_o as_o in_o the_o isle_n of_o st._n vincent_n and_o other_o in_o peru_n in_o the_o low_a region_n the_o lake_n be_v salt_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o vicinity_n of_o the_o sea_n yea_o in_o the_o oriental_a maritimate_a place_n the_o nut_n call_v coco_n nut_n be_v find_v somewhat_o salt_n also_o in_o the_o mediterranean_a place_n themselves_o fountain_n of_o salt_n water_n be_v find_v as_o in_o lorraine_n lunenburgh_n and_o the_o like_a 3._o because_o that_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o sea_n emit_v its_o water_n through_o subterraneous_a passage_n from_o the_o salt_n fountain_n of_o lunenburgh_n 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that_o he_o ascend_v the_o mountain_n that_o adjoin_v to_o the_o caspian_a sea_n and_o with_o a_o astrolabe_n or_o rather_o a_o gaeodetical_a instrument_n to_o observe_v the_o elevation_n of_o this_o mountain_n above_o the_o superficies_n of_o that_o sea_n but_o find_v none_o but_o that_o the_o extreme_a superficies_n of_o that_o sea_n be_v see_v in_o the_o horizontal_n line_n yea_o somewhat_o elevate_v above_o it_o so_o that_o the_o tumour_n of_o this_o sea_n be_v find_v a_o little_a more_o high_a than_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o the_o mountain_n on_o which_o he_o make_v his_o observation_n but_o in_o truth_n this_o solution_n can_v be_v admit_v of_o 13._o see_v chap._n 13._o because_o we_o have_v show_v in_o the_o thirteen_o chapter_n that_o the_o water_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v not_o high_a than_o the_o mountain_n
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the_o mountain_n for_o so_o it_o will_v retain_v its_o saltness_n but_o by_o or_o through_o a_o continual_a progression_n of_o the_o watery_a particle_n or_o a_o creep_a in_o the_o terrestrial_a matter_n to_o the_o place_n adjacent_a to_o the_o fountain_n where_o at_o length_n it_o be_v gather_v into_o drop_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o cavity_n and_o continual_a succession_n of_o the_o water_n and_o so_o cause_v a_o spring_n earth_n vein_n of_o water_n in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o this_o we_o find_v in_o the_o earth_n dig_v to_o a_o great_a depth_n that_o here_o and_o there_o drop_v of_o water_n do_v consist_v and_o be_v force_v by_o those_o that_o be_v nigh_o so_o that_o a_o little_a rivulet_n be_v make_v which_o be_v term_v vein_n of_o water_n many_o such_o rivulet_n if_o collect_v into_o one_o cavity_n make_v a_o fountain_n as_o those_o person_n well_o know_v that_o be_v skill_v in_o make_v of_o fountain_n or_o aquiduct_n or_o wells_n for_o in_o wells_n water_n be_v collect_v from_o many_o drop_n which_o meet_v together_o in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o well_o from_o the_o adjacent_a earth_n and_o those_o that_o make_v aquiduct_n bring_v the_o water_n by_o gutter_n and_o trench_n into_o one_o place_n so_o that_o the_o drop_n may_v fall_v from_o the_o high_a place_n into_o the_o cavity_n but_o if_o that_o you_o object_n that_o many_o fountain_n bubble_v up_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o stone_n by_o reason_n of_o which_o it_o be_v not_o probable_a that_o the_o watery_a particle_n shall_v so_o creep_v forward_o to_o that_o i_o answer_v that_o this_o confirm_v our_o opinion_n for_o those_o stone_n do_v not_o go_v through_o from_o the_o top_n to_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o mountain_n at_o least_o in_o those_o mountain_n where_o the_o fountain_n be_v find_v but_o only_o occupy_v the_o superficies_n of_o the_o mountain_n and_o a_o certain_a small_a profundity_n within_o the_o earth_n of_o the_o mountain_n be_v more_o soft_a or_o less_o stony_a or_o at_o least_o such_o as_o may_v receive_v and_o attract_v water_n therefore_o when_o by_o penetration_n it_o be_v come_v to_o the_o stony_a part_n because_o that_o it_o can_v penetrate_v no_o far_o there_o it_o stand_v and_o be_v collect_v into_o drop_n and_o make_v a_o spring_a fountain_n between_o the_o stony_a part_n to_o wit_n if_o that_o a_o passage_n be_v grant_v and_o that_o the_o mountain_n and_o rock_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o st._n helena_n and_o almost_o of_o all_o island_n be_v not_o within_o so_o rocky_a and_o hard_a be_v collect_v from_o hence_o that_o almost_o all_o those_o mountain_n have_v sometime_o burn_v or_o at_o the_o least_o smoke_v which_o be_v discover_v from_o the_o ash_n on_o the_o earth_n and_o also_o the_o brimstone_n or_o sulphur_n find_v in_o those_o place_n add_v moreover_o what_o we_o observe_v before_o that_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o water_n be_v not_o always_o there_o where_o it_o seemeh_a to_o be_v but_o flow_v from_o some_o high_a place_n through_o a_o 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the_o great_a mogul_n in_o whatsoever_o place_n he_o be_v cause_v this_o water_n to_o be_v bring_v he_o of_o which_o he_o only_o drink_v some_o will_v have_v the_o water_n of_o the_o nile_n to_o be_v the_o most_o fruitful_a and_o the_o most_o wholesome_a most_o heavy_a water_n be_v impregnate_v with_o iron_n or_o mercury_n in_o great_a river_n we_o must_v have_v respect_n to_o the_o riveret_n of_o which_o they_o be_v compound_v for_o the_o rhine_n receive_v many_o mineral_n riveret_n so_o also_o do_v the_o danube_n of_o gold_n iron_n and_o vitriol_n and_o hence_o have_v they_o their_o quality_n although_o many_o fountain_n have_v little_a of_o they_o proposition_n xx._n some_o river_n every_o year_n at_o a_o set_a time_n be_v so_o augment_v that_o they_o overflow_v their_o channel_n and_o inundate_n the_o adjacent_a land_n river_n of_o the_o increase_n and_o overflow_a of_o river_n the_o most_o famous_a of_o those_o be_v the_o nile_n that_o so_o increase_v that_o it_o overspread_v all_o egypt_n except_o the_o hill_n in_o congo_n angola_n monomotapa_n soffala_n mosambique_n from_o those_o it_o be_v know_v that_o the_o fountain_n of_o the_o nile_n be_v the_o great_a lake_n zaire_n nile_n river_n nile_n or_o in_o the_o lake_n zaire_n which_o be_v situate_a in_o the_o procurrent_a of_o africa_n in_o a_o middle_a place_n between_o the_o eastern_a and_o western_a shore_n under_o the_o ten_o degree_n from_o the_o equator_fw-la towards_o the_o south_n as_o we_o have_v say_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n near_o unto_o this_o lake_n be_v many_o ridge_n of_o mountain_n which_o be_v call_v the_o mountain_n of_o the_o moon_n so_o that_o the_o lake_n lie_v as_o in_o a_o valley_n between_o mountain_n now_o because_o that_o these_o place_n lie_v from_o the_o equator_fw-la towards_o the_o south_n therefore_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o solary_a motion_n require_v that_o they_o shall_v have_v winter_n when_o that_o we_o have_v summer_n but_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o small_a distance_n from_o the_o equator_fw-la they_o feel_v no_o cold_a but_o instead_o of_o snow_n they_o have_v almost_o continual_a rain_n two_o hour_n before_o and_o after_o noon_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o congo_n the_o cloud_n hardly_o permit_v the_o sight_n of_o the_o sun_n with_o the_o same_o cloud_n the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n appear_v as_o cover_v and_o in_o these_o mountainous_a place_n rain_v and_o shower_n be_v almost_o continual_o which_o run_v down_o like_o torrent_n and_o all_o flow_v together_o into_o the_o lake_n zaire_n and_o from_o thence_o into_o the_o channel_n of_o the_o nile_n zaire_n cuama_n and_o other_o that_o arise_v from_o the_o same_o lake_n but_o yet_o do_v not_o abound_v with_o so_o great_a a_o quantity_n yet_o the_o zaire_n do_v overflow_v every_o year_n as_o the_o nile_n because_o the_o channel_n of_o they_o be_v more_o deep_a and_o after_o a_o short_a tract_n they_o exonerate_v themselves_o into_o the_o sea_n yet_o all_o of_o they_o increase_v at_o the_o same_o time_n and_o disgorge_v themselves_o of_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o water_n into_o the_o sea_n niger_n river_n niger_n the_o second_o river_n among_o those_o that_o overflow_v the_o adjacent_a land_n at_o a_o certain_a time_n be_v the_o niger_n of_o no_o less_o tract_n than_o the_o nile_n though_o not_o so_o famous_a it_o overflow_v at_o the_o same_o time_n that_o the_o nile_n do_v the_o three_o river_n of_o the_o overflow_a river_n be_v the_o zaire_n a_o river_n in_o congo_n of_o which_o we_o have_v speak_v zaire_n river_n zaire_n add_v to_o this_o the_o lesser_a river_n of_o congo_n the_o four_o be_v rio_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr plate_n a_o river_n in_o brasil_n which_o overflow_v the_o adjacent_a field_n at_o the_o same_o time_n with_o the_o nile_n plate_n rio_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr plate_n as_o maffaeus_n write_v indus_n rivers_n ganges_n and_o indus_n the_o five_o of_o the_o overflow_a river_n be_v the_o ganges_n the_o six_o be_v the_o river_n indus_n these_o two_o river_n in_o the_o pluvial_a month_n of_o those_o region_n pour_v themselves_o forth_o upon_o the_o land_n without_o their_o channel_n where_o then_o the_o native_n do_v gather_v the_o water_n into_o stand_a pool_n that_o in_o the_o other_o month_n of_o the_o year_n when_o there_o be_v almost_o no_o rain_n they_o may_v thence_o fetch_v water_n and_o this_o inundation_n cause_v great_a fertility_n in_o the_o field_n the_o seven_o comprehend_v many_o viz._n four_o or_o five_o which_o flow_v from_o the_o lake_n chiamy_n in_o a_o moderate_a channel_n and_o exonerate_v themselves_o into_o the_o gulf_n of_o bengala_n pass_v through_o the_o kingdom_n of_o peru_n sian_n and_o other_o that_o which_o pass_v through_o the_o country_n of_o sian_n be_v call_v menan_n and_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o inundation_n the_o field_n and_o street_n of_o the_o city_n be_v cover_v with_o water_n so_o that_o they_o be_v force_v to_o make_v use_n of_o boat_n to_o sail_v from_o one_o house_n to_o another_o and_o this_o inundation_n also_o cause_v exceed_v fertility_n macou_n river_n macou_n the_o eight_o be_v macou_n a_o river_n in_o camboja_n which_o overflow_v in_o the_o summer_n month_n parana_n river_n parana_n the_o nine_o be_v the_o river_n parana_n which_o overflow_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o nile_n do_v the_o ten_o in_o choromandel_n a_o part_n of_o india_n the_o river_n overflow_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o plenty_n of_o water_n that_o flow_v from_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n gatis_n in_o the_o pluvial_a month_n euphrates_n river_n euphrates_n the_o eleven_o be_v the_o euphrates_n which_o at_o set-time_n of_o the_o year_n overflow_v mesopotamia_n the_o twelve_o of_o these_o overflow_a river_n be_v sus_n a_o river_n in_o numidia_n sus._n river_n sus._n which_o overflow_v in_o the_o winter_n i_o have_v not_o read_v of_o any_o other_o river_n that_o i_o can_v remember_v that_o do_v overflow_v in_o a_o anniversary_n time_n of_o the_o year_n although_o some_o may_v do_v it_o in_o most_o year_n to_o wit_n the_o river_n obius_n and_o flavius_n a_o river_n of_o china_n there_o be_v many_o river_n that_o overflow_v without_o any_o order_n or_o in_o a_o set-time_n yea_o there_o be_v scarce_o any_o river_n of_o note_a magnitude_n which_o overflow_v not_o its_o bank_n sometime_o so_o it_o be_v evident_a concern_v the_o albis_n the_o rhine_n and_o the_o like_a and_o but_o that_o the_o capacity_n of_o the_o channel_n and_o the_o height_n of_o the_o bank_n obstruct_v all_o great_a river_n in_o a_o anniversary_n time_n will_v inundate_n because_o that_o most_o of_o they_o be_v much_o augment_v in_o the_o spring_n season_n and_o it_o may_v so_o happen_v that_o a_o river_n that_o do_v use_v to_o overflow_v may_v begin_v to_o do_v it_o in_o a_o anniversary_n time_n viz._n if_o that_o any_o part_n of_o it_o by_o reason_n of_o ridge_n or_o sand_n or_o any_o other_o way_n become_v high_o and_o the_o coast_n or_o shore_n become_v more_o high_a but_o then_o man_n be_v accustom_v to_o raise_v bank_n the_o only_a cause_n of_o these_o inundation_n be_v the_o abundancy_n of_o water_n which_o in_o some_o example_n allege_v may_v proceed_v peradventure_o from_o dissolve_a snow_n but_o in_o most_o from_o frequent_a ra_n yet_o that_o be_v a_o wonder_n that_o the_o indus_n and_o ganges_n shall_v overflow_v in_o other_o month_n than_o the_o adjacent_a river_n from_o the_o lake_n chiama_n but_o the_o cause_n of_o this_o diversity_n which_o be_v observe_v here_o in_o this_o season_n must_v partly_o be_v take_v from_o the_o anniversary_n rain_v in_o the_o adjacent_a place_n partly_o from_o the_o mountain_n and_o rain_n about_o the_o place_n of_o the_o fountain_n but_o we_o to_o avoid_v prolixity_n shall_v supersede_n to_o discuss_v every_o example_n the_o river_n bibara_n in_o france_n near_o to_o paris_n sometime_o without_o any_o rain_n or_o at_o least_o with_o those_o that_o be_v usual_a so_o swell_v that_o it_o cause_v desolation_n unto_o the_o suburb_n of_o st._n marcellus_n now_o the_o reason_n why_o almost_o all_o these_o inundation_n make_v the_o land_n fruitful_a be_v because_o that_o water_n that_o inundate_v be_v either_o rain_n or_o snow-water_n which_o water_n both_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o spirituous_a lévity_n and_o also_o because_o of_o their_o sulphureous_a substance_n which_o they_o have_v admix_v in_o the_o air._n above_o all_o other_o mineral_n be_v very_o prevalent_a to_o fructify_v and_o be_v also_o wholesome_a now_o that_o there_o be_v such_o a_o spirit_n and_o sulphur_n in_o rain-water_n be_v prove_v 1._o from_o the_o worm_n that_o be_v generate_v in_o it_o 2._o from_o its_o easy_a putrefaction_n 3._o from_o the_o very_a chemical_a distillation_n yet_o some_o river_n by_o their_o inundation_n do_v not_o make_v the_o earth_n fertile_a but_o rather_o cause_n sterility_n as_o ligeris_n in_o france_n when_o that_o sequana_n make_v they_o
fruitful_a by_o its_o fat_a water_n proposition_n xxi_o to_o explain_v how_o spring_n or_o fountain_n break_v forth_o fountain_n of_o the_o break_n forth_o of_o spring_n and_o fountain_n in_o the_o four_o proposition_n we_o have_v show_v whence_o the_o water_n arise_v that_o flow_v from_o fountain_n now_o here_o we_o demand_v by_o what_o force_n that_o water_n collect_v in_o the_o earth_n be_v thrust_v forth_o see_v that_o it_o seem_v not_o possible_a to_o be_v do_v without_o a_o violent_a remove_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o the_o cause_n be_v various_a which_o make_v way_n for_o a_o spring_n in_o any_o place_n 1._o if_o that_o in_o any_o place_n there_o be_v a_o certain_a cavity_n the_o water_n distil_v into_o that_o without_o the_o help_n of_o any_o other_o cause_n when_o that_o by_o creep_v it_o come_v into_o it_o and_o then_o in_o course_n of_o time_n make_v great_a passage_n for_o itself_o until_o that_o cavity_n be_v fill_v it_o flow_v out_o and_o make_v a_o river_n the_o same_o also_o happen_v without_o a_o cavity_n if_o that_o the_o spring_n be_v on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o mountain_n also_o for_o this_o reason_n frequent_a spring_n be_v find_v in_o wood_n and_o shady_a place_n for_o the_o rain-water_n moisten_v the_o earth_n and_o because_o it_o be_v not_o extract_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o a_o open_a and_o free_a air_n by_o degree_n it_o allure_v to_o itself_o the_o hide_a water_n of_o a_o future_a fountain_n 2._o a_o way_n be_v prepare_v and_o the_o earth_n remove_v by_o the_o spirit_n which_o be_v admix_v with_o the_o water_n yet_o in_o the_o earth_n also_o the_o rarefaction_n of_o water_n in_o the_o earth_n by_o which_o it_o require_v the_o large_a place_n for_o the_o water_n whilst_o that_o yet_o they_o be_v hide_v within_o the_o earth_n carry_v many_o spirit_n also_o subterranean_a fire_n add_v not_o a_o little_a to_o this_o 3._o oftentimes_o fountain_n be_v bring_v to_o light_n by_o shower_n for_o shower_n do_v render_v the_o pore_n of_o the_o earth_n more_o ample_a and_o large_a when_o that_o they_o conjoin_v with_o the_o water_n of_o the_o hide_a fountain_n and_o so_o this_o follow_v that_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o mutual_a conjunction_n and_o coherency_n 4._o sometime_o spring_n be_v open_v by_o a_o earthquake_n so_o a_o earthquake_n send_v forth_o the_o river_n ladon_n 5._o sometime_o they_o be_v discover_v by_o the_o industry_n of_o man_n by_o dig_v the_o earth_n 6._o many_o fountain_n have_v be_v discover_v by_o animal_n which_o be_v wont_a to_o dig_v up_o the_o earth_n with_o their_o snout_n so_o a_o hog_n first_o discover_v the_o first_o salt_n spring_n in_o lunenburgh_n for_o when_o he_o have_v root_v up_o the_o earth_n and_o make_v a_o gutter_n the_o water_n spout_v out_o which_o fill_v the_o gutter_n the_o hog_n according_a to_o their_o custom_n lay_v down_o in_o it_o then_o when_o he_o arise_v and_o that_o his_o back_n be_v dry_a some_o discover_v a_o very_a white_a colour_n on_o he_o which_o when_o they_o have_v more_o accurate_o contemplate_v they_o find_v it_o to_o be_v white_a salt_n then_o they_o go_v to_o the_o spring_n and_o from_o thence_o forward_o many_o more_o be_v seek_v and_o find_v out_o from_o which_o the_o city_n obtain_v almost_o â—ll_o its_o riches_n and_o splendour_n and_o in_o memorial_n thereof_o the_o hog_n be_v quarter_v and_o smoak-dried_n and_o be_v keep_v at_o this_o very_a day_n in_o the_o palace_n of_o lunenburgh_n to_o be_v see_v proposition_n xxii_o a_o place_n be_v give_v in_o the_o earth_n to_o inquire_v whether_o a_o spring_n or_o well_o may_v be_v make_v in_o it_o see_v vitruvius_n in_o the_o eight_o book_n of_o his_o architecture_n 1._o see_v vitruvius_n lib._n 8._o cap._n 1._o chap._n 1._o at_o this_o day_n we_o perform_v the_o same_o by_o dig_v up_o the_o earth_n oftentimes_o to_o a_o great_a depth_n and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n vein_n or_o head_n of_o spring_n or_o well_n or_o the_o well_n and_o spring_n themselves_o be_v find_v proposition_n xxiii_o a_o place_n be_v give_v to_o make_v a_o spring_n or_o well_o in_o it_o if_o that_o it_o be_v possible_a to_o be_v make_v we_o will_v allege_v the_o word_n of_o vitruvius_n as_o be_v a_o man_n excellent_o skill_v in_o these_o affair_n 7._o see_v vitruvius_n cap._n 7._o see_v that_o we_o never_o use_v ourselves_o to_o this_o kind_n of_o exercise_n in_o his_o seven_o chapter_n thus_o he_o speak_v reason_n must_v not_o be_v contemn_v in_o dig_v of_o well_n but_o the_o natural_a reason_n of_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v with_o sharpness_n of_o wit_n and_o great_a prudence_n by_o reason_n that_o the_o earth_n have_v many_o and_o various_a thing_n within_o it_o for_o it_o be_v compound_v as_o other_o thing_n of_o four_o principle_n and_o the_o first_o be_v terrene_a and_o have_v from_o the_o humidity_n of_o the_o water_n fountain_n also_o heat_n whence_o proceed_v sulphur_n alom_n bitumen_n and_o gross_a spirit_n of_o air_n which_o be_v thick_a when_o by_o the_o fistulous_a intervening_n of_o the_o earth_n they_o come_v to_o the_o place_n where_o the_o well_o be_v dug_n and_o find_v man_n dig_v by_o their_o natural_a vapour_n they_o stop_v up_o the_o animal_n spirit_n of_o those_o that_o work_n at_o their_o nostril_n so_o that_o those_o that_o fly_v not_o quick_o away_o be_v there_o choke_v now_o to_o avoid_v this_o we_o must_v thus_o act_v let_v a_o candle_n be_v light_v and_o let_v down_o and_o if_o that_o it_o continue_v burn_v you_o may_v descend_v without_o danger_n but_o if_o that_o the_o light_n be_v extinguish_v by_o the_o force_n of_o the_o vapour_n then_o let_v aestuary_n be_v dug_n on_o the_o right_n and_o left_a hand_n near_o the_o wâ—ll_n so_o as_o by_o the_o nostril_n the_o spirit_n will_v be_v dissipate_v when_o those_o be_v so_o explicate_v and_o that_o you_o be_v come_v to_o the_o water_n let_v the_o structure_n be_v so_o sence_v that_o the_o vein_n be_v not_o stop_v but_o if_o that_o the_o place_n shall_v prove_v hard_a or_o that_o the_o vein_n shall_v not_o be_v altogether_o at_o the_o bottom_n than_o assistance_n must_v be_v take_v from_o the_o cover_n of_o plaster-work_n now_o this_o must_v be_v observe_v in_o plaster-work_n that_o the_o rough_a and_o pure_a sand_n be_v get_v that_o the_o cement_n be_v break_v with_o a_o flint_n that_o the_o most_o vehement_a chalk_n be_v mix_v with_o the_o mortar_n so_o that_o five_o part_n of_o sand_n answer_v to_o two_o of_o chalk_n or_o lime_n let_v the_o cement_n be_v add_v to_o the_o mortar_n of_o it_o let_v the_o wall_n in_o the_o depress_a trench_n unto_o the_o measure_n of_o the_o future_a altitude_n be_v spage_v the_o bar_n be_v make_v of_o iron_n the_o wall_n be_v plaster_v let_v that_o which_o be_v earthy_a in_o the_o midst_n be_v evacuate_v to_o the_o low_a measure_n or_o libration_n of_o the_o wall_n and_o the_o bottom_n be_v level_v let_v the_o pavement_n be_v plaster_v with_o the_o same_o mortar_n unto_o the_o thickness_n that_o be_v appoint_v now_o these_o place_n if_o they_o shall_v be_v make_v double_a or_o treble_a that_o they_o may_v be_v transmutate_v by_o the_o percolation_n of_o the_o water_n will_v make_v the_o use_n of_o it_o far_o more_o wholesome_a for_o the_o mud_n when_o that_o it_o have_v find_v a_o place_n to_o sink_v in_o the_o water_n become_v more_o clear_a and_o will_v keep_v its_o taste_n without_o any_o scent_n if_o not_o you_o must_v of_o necessity_n add_v salt_n and_o extenuate_v it_o proposition_n xxiv_o to_o prove_v whether_o the_o water_n of_o a_o spring_n be_v wholesome_a not_o of_o spring-water_n whether_o it_o be_v wholesome_a or_o not_o concern_v this_o vitruvius_n thus_o write_v their_o probation_n must_v be_v thus_o look_v after_o if_o that_o they_o flow_v and_o be_v open_a before_o that_o they_o begin_v to_o be_v draw_v look_v on_o they_o and_o observe_v of_o what_o membrature_n they_o be_v what_o inhabitant_n dwell_v about_o those_o fountain_n whether_o they_o be_v of_o strong_a body_n of_o good_a colour_n not_o lame_a blear_a or_o sore-eyed_n if_o so_o the_o water_n be_v very_o excellent_a also_o if_o that_o a_o new_a spring_n be_v dug_n and_o the_o water_n be_v put_v into_o a_o corinthian_a vessel_n or_o any_o other_o kind_n make_v of_o brass_n and_o if_o it_o cause_v no_o stain_n it_o be_v then_o most_o excellent_a water_n also_o if_o that_o that_o water_n be_v heat_v and_o afterward_o settle_v and_o pour_v forth_o and_o that_o no_o sand_n or_o mud_n be_v find_v in_o the_o bottom_n that_o water_n be_v also_o very_o good_a also_o if_o that_o root_n put_v in_o that_o water_n be_v quick_o boil_v they_o show_v the_o water_n to_o be_v good_a and_o wholesome_a also_o that_o the_o water_n in_o the_o fountain_n be_v clear_a
common_o call_v they_o spaw_n 1._o they_o arise_v from_o the_o admixture_n of_o a_o spirit_n of_o vitriol_n salt_n and_o alom_n which_o mineral_n be_v partly_o simple_a and_o partly_o more_o or_o less_o admix_v with_o other_o mineral_n be_v find_v in_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o earth_n especial_o in_o iron_n we_o prove_v this_o to_o be_v the_o true_a cause_n of_o acidula_n and_o spaw_v 1._o by_o reason_n that_o almost_o every_o where_o where_o such_o acid_n water_n break_v out_o mine_n of_o vitriol_n salt_n and_o alom_n be_v find_v 2._o because_o the_o spirit_n of_o vitriol_n and_o salt_n be_v acid_n as_o also_o some_o spirit_n of_o sulphur_n as_o be_v evident_a from_o chemistry_n 3._o because_o that_o from_o these_o kind_n of_o acid_n water_n no_o acid_n body_n but_o spirit_n be_v separate_v which_o be_v altogether_o like_a unto_o the_o spirit_n of_o vitriol_n and_o salt_n 2._o great_a be_v the_o quantity_n of_o acid_n water_n or_o spaw_n in_o divers_a region_n where_o mine_n especial_o abound_v the_o cause_n be_v because_o that_o a_o acid_n sour_a spirit_n be_v almost_o in_o all_o body_n by_o reason_n that_o we_o have_v show_v that_o it_o be_v elementary_a in_o the_o seven_o chapter_n and_o first_o proposition_n it_o be_v find_v in_o all_o herb_n and_o fruit_n spaw_n the_o difference_n of_o spaw_n 3._o the_o difference_n of_o spaw_n be_v find_v to_o be_v notable_a some_o be_v find_v to_o be_v so_o sharp_a or_o sour_a that_o man_n make_v use_v of_o they_o instead_o of_o vinegar_n such_o a_o spring_n be_v find_v in_o nicana_n a_o province_n of_o sicilia_n in_o germany_n the_o fountain_n at_o elleboga_n be_v of_o a_o wonderful_a acidity_n other_o acid_n spring_n be_v term_v winy_a because_o that_o by_o their_o sharpness_n they_o come_v near_o the_o grateful_a taste_n of_o wine_n among_o which_o that_o be_v famous_a which_o be_v in_o the_o earldom_n of_o catzenellebocen_n in_o germany_n at_o the_o town_n schwalbach_n in_o the_o province_n of_o lion_n in_o france_n at_o the_o town_n of_o st._n baldomare_a be_v a_o fountain_n term_v fontaine_n fort_n that_o be_v the_o strong_a fountain_n it_o supply_v the_o want_n of_o wine_n and_o if_o that_o one_o four_o part_n of_o it_o be_v mix_v with_o wine_n it_o will_v want_v nothing_o of_o the_o taste_n of_o wine_n if_o it_o be_v pour_v on_o flour_n it_o will_v present_o ferment_n they_o can_v boil_v no_o meat_n in_o it_o for_o by_o reason_n of_o its_o subtlety_n it_o fly_v away_o it_o be_v very_o wholesome_a so_o that_o the_o inhabitant_n seldom_o use_v a_o physician_n in_o aquitaine_n not_o far_o from_o the_o city_n bessa_n be_v the_o like_a winy_a sharp_a spring_n unto_o the_o water_n of_o which_o if_o that_o you_o only_o admix_v the_o six_o part_n of_o wine_n you_o will_v imagine_v that_o you_o drink_v pure_a wine_n without_o any_o admixture_n of_o water_n nigh_o to_o rome_n be_v a_o alomy_a sharp_a fountain_n which_o be_v mix_v with_o wine_n make_v a_o very_a grateful_a drink_n great_a be_v the_o number_n of_o acid_n spring_v in_o the_o upper_a germany_n whereof_o some_o flow_n into_o the_o danube_n and_o other_o into_o the_o rhine_n very_o many_o be_v in_o the_o forementioned_a earldom_n of_o catzenelleboch_n in_o the_o province_n of_o trier_n in_o tirolis_n rhaetia_n vindelicia_n a_o note_v one_fw-mi be_v near_a anderna_n call_v heilbrun_n in_o the_o province_n of_o toledo_n in_o spain_n near_o the_o village_n valentiola_n be_v spring_n which_o at_o the_o bottom_n be_v find_v acid_n and_o of_o a_o winy_a taste_n and_o in_o the_o upper_a part_n sweet_a which_o baccius_n think_v to_o happen_v because_o that_o the_o nitrous_a and_o acid_n part_n do_v subside_o and_o sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n but_o i_o suppose_v if_o that_o the_o relation_n be_v true_a that_o it_o proceed_v from_o the_o subtlety_n of_o the_o spirit_n which_o be_v bring_v to_o the_o superficies_n present_o do_v expire_v other_o acid_n fountain_n be_v astringent_a and_o contract_v the_o palate_n which_o be_v a_o token_n of_o iron_n particle_n or_o of_o the_o admixture_n of_o vitriol_n as_o also_o of_o alom_n the_o water_n of_o acid_n fountain_n in_o rainy_n and_o cloudy_a weather_n be_v find_v less_o acid_n which_o be_v a_o sign_n of_o a_o admixture_n of_o condensated_a air._n also_o if_o that_o the_o water_n be_v expose_v to_o heat_n or_o if_o it_o stand_v in_o a_o open_a vessel_n for_o some_o hour_n or_o if_o it_o be_v carry_v a_o long_a voyage_n not_o well_o cover_v in_o cold_a vessel_n it_o present_o lose_v its_o acidity_n which_o be_v a_o sign_n that_o the_o acidity_n of_o they_o depend_v on_o a_o subtle_a spirit_n yet_o they_o also_o have_v atom_n and_o the_o very_a vitriol_n alom_n iron_n salt_n gravel_n and_o the_o like_a this_o be_v prove_v from_o the_o matter_n that_o be_v discover_v to_o adhere_v to_o the_o conduit-pipe_n the_o studious_a may_v collect_v example_n by_o read_v of_o author_n at_o least_o two_o hundred_o acid_n spring_n or_o riveret_n run_v into_o the_o rhine_n but_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o subtlety_n of_o the_o spirit_n nothing_o of_o acidity_n be_v discover_v in_o the_o rhine_n do_v you_o demand_v why_o there_o be_v no_o acid_n fountain_n in_o the_o northern_a place_n i_o suppose_v that_o cause_n to_o be_v the_o defect_n of_o subterraneous_a heat_n and_o a_o over_o great_a condensation_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o also_o for_o that_o cause_n it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o little_a or_o no_o gold_n be_v find_v in_o those_o region_n proposition_n viii_o to_o explain_v the_o generation_n of_o hot_a spring_n term_v bath_n and_o the_o place_n of_o the_o more_o famous_a of_o they_o bath_n of_o the_o generation_n of_o hot_a spring_n or_o bath_n a_o spring_n in_o izland_n be_v judge_v the_o most_o fervid_v of_o they_o all_o who_o water_n little_o differ_v from_o that_o which_o have_v arrive_v to_o the_o high_a degree_n of_o heat_n and_o boil_a on_o the_o fire_n but_o caronius_n write_v that_o in_o japan_n there_o be_v a_o spring_n so_o hot_a that_o no_o water_n can_v be_v bring_v to_o that_o degree_n of_o heat_n by_o the_o most_o vehement_a fire_n it_o flow_v not_o continual_o but_o twice_o in_o a_o day_n for_o one_o hour_n with_o a_o great_a force_n of_o spirit_n and_o make_v a_o great_a pool_n which_o another_o have_v inform_v i_o to_o be_v call_v by_o the_o native_n singacko_n that_o be_v hell_n after_o those_o the_o hot_a fountain_n or_o bath_n of_o baden_n in_o helvetia_n be_v famous_a then_o the_o bath_n of_o appona_n in_o italy_n of_o vulgar_a bath_n there_o be_v a_o great_a number_n in_o the_o upper_a germany_n as_o also_o in_o other_o place_n in_o scotland_n be_v the_o lake_n and_o river_n nessa_n which_o be_v not_o hot_a yet_o it_o be_v never_o congeal_v with_o cold._n the_o cause_n and_o generation_n of_o bath_n be_v first_o the_o admixture_n of_o sulphureous_a particle_n whilst_o the_o water_n be_v carry_v through_o subterraneous_a passage_n or_o rather_o whilst_o that_o it_o glide_v through_o the_o sulphureous_a mine_n to_o a_o collection_n about_o the_o spring_n 2._o the_o vapour_n of_o smoke_n and_o exhalation_n within_o the_o earth_n where_o sulphur_n be_v pure_a or_o impure_a as_o peat_n coal_n amber_n and_o the_o like_a for_o these_o material_n continual_o send_v forth_o a_o calid_a or_o warm_a fume_n which_o heat_n the_o water_n carry_v thither_o or_o glide_v through_o those_o place_n yet_o particle_n of_o alom_n be_v admix_v to_o many_o nay_o the_o most_o bath_n as_o also_o of_o iron_n and_o niter_n whence_o they_o have_v somewhat_o a_o sharp_a and_o astringent_a taste_n or_o sapour_fw-la almost_o all_o the_o bath_n which_o we_o know_v flow_v without_o cease_v except_o the_o pepper-bath_n of_o germany_n which_o be_v famous_a in_o rhetia_n not_o far_o from_o curia_n and_o beside_o sulphur_n they_o contain_v something_o of_o gold_n and_o not_o a_o little_a niter_fw-la the_o water_n of_o these_o bath_n break_v out_o every_o year_n about_o the_o three_o of_o may_n and_o it_o cease_v to_o flow_v about_o the_o fourteen_o of_o september_n the_o famous_a bath_n in_o germany_n be_v the_o plumbariae_n in_o lorraine_n emsebadae_n above_o constantina_n in_o alsatia_n near_o gebersweil_n in_o the_o marquisate_n of_o bada_fw-es wildbad_n in_o the_o dukedom_n of_o wertebergh_n the_o blasianae_n near_o tubin_n there_o be_v many_o also_o in_o japan_n and_o the_o indian_a isle_n there_o be_v such_o hot_a one_o in_o the_o island_n of_o the_o azore_n that_o a_o egg_n may_v be_v boil_a in_o they_o proposition_n ix_o to_o explain_v the_o generation_n of_o oily_a and_o fat_a liquor_n flow_v from_o the_o earth_n and_o to_o enumerate_v the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o which_o they_o be_v find_v liquor_n of_o oily_a liquor_n some_o fountain_n send_v forth_o a_o bituminous_a liquor_n some_o a_o fat_a water_n or_o
the_o air_n than_o it_o will_v do_v without_o this_o refraction_n we_o shall_v anon_o allege_v a_o example_n of_o the_o appearancy_n of_o the_o sun_n proceed_v from_o refraction_n 4._o the_o full_a moon_n and_o near_o the_o full_a remain_v above_o the_o horizon_n for_o many_o day_n when_o the_o sun_n be_v depress_v beneath_o it_o viz._n for_o so_o many_o more_o day_n by_o how_o much_o that_o place_n be_v more_o near_o the_o pole_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o so_o high_o elevate_v above_o the_o horizon_n as_o to_o cause_v any_o warmness_n but_o the_o full_a moon_n in_o those_o month_n in_o which_o the_o sun_n remain_v above_o the_o horizon_n in_o a_o whole_a revolution_n the_o full_a moon_n be_v never_o above_o the_o horizon_n horizon_n the_o planet_n not_o always_o the_o same_o above_o horizon_n 5._o the_o fix_a star_n be_v almost_o the_o same_o always_o above_o the_o horizon_n but_o not_o the_o planet_n for_o saturn_n remain_v 15_o year_n above_o the_o horizon_n of_o the_o place_n near_o the_o pole_n and_z 15_o beneath_o the_o same_o jupiter_n 6_o year_n beneath_o and_o 6_o above_o the_o same_o horizon_n mars_n 1_o year_n venus_n and_o mercury_n about_o half_a a_o year_n from_o this_o cause_n it_o be_v likely_a that_o there_o be_v great_a diversity_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o air_n and_o season_n in_o divers_a year_n 6._o the_o land_n in_o most_o place_n of_o the_o frigid_a zone_n be_v stony_a rocky_a and_o as_o hard_o as_o flint_n in_o few_o place_n chalky_a sulphureous_a and_o fat_a in_o these_o place_n there_o be_v a_o moderate_a fertility_n in_o the_o other_o a_o sterility_n 7._o those_o region_n be_v encompass_v with_o the_o sea_n but_o for_o the_o mediterranean_a we_o as_o yet_o have_v no_o certain_a account_n 8._o some_o of_o the_o region_n of_o the_o frigid_a zone_n have_v mountain_n of_o a_o moderate_a height_n but_o most_o want_v they_o run_v on_o a_o plain_a for_o a_o long_a space_n 9_o the_o cold_a wind_n there_o frequent_o blow_v from_o the_o polary_n plaga_fw-la seldom_o the_o east_n wind_n and_o least_o of_o all_o the_o west_n in_o the_o cold_a arctic_a plaga_fw-la the_o north_n wind_n rage_n in_o the_o antarctic_a the_o south_n 10._o cloud_n and_o rain_n frequent_o perplex_v these_o region_n from_o these_o cause_n it_o be_v not_o difficult_a to_o collect_v what_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o season_n in_o these_o region_n be_v for_o in_o the_o winter_n time_n when_o the_o sun_n rise_v not_o for_o whole_a day_n it_o can_v otherwise_o be_v but_o that_o for_o the_o most_o part_n thick_a cloud_n frost_n and_o cold_a must_v render_v the_o land_n uninhabitable_a they_o be_v not_o altogether_o deprive_v of_o light_n for_o that_o time_n for_o the_o moon_n be_v above_o the_o horizon_n for_o a_o long_a time_n give_v light_a and_o the_o twilight_n be_v daily_o afford_v from_o the_o sun_n to_o the_o vicine_fw-la horizon_n but_o the_o snow_n the_o stick_n close_o about_o the_o earth_n which_o can_v be_v discuss_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o therefore_o hinder_v the_o aspect_n of_o remote_a thing_n there_o be_v no_o fertility_n but_o all_o barren_a and_o uncultivated_a for_o that_o which_o some_o suppose_v by_o how_o much_o any_o region_n be_v near_a to_o the_o pole_n by_o so_o much_o less_o it_o feel_v the_o intenseness_n of_o the_o cold_a and_o the_o field_n be_v find_v more_o fertile_a seem_v not_o probable_a to_o i_o when_o neither_o in_o nova_n zembla_n which_o be_v distant_a 16_o degree_n from_o the_o pole_n nor_o in_o spitzbirga_n which_o be_v only_o 8_o degree_n distant_a such_o a_o constitution_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v find_v but_o a_o roughness_n and_o hardness_n and_o almost_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o summer_n snow_n or_o at_o least_o shower_n and_o very_o cold_a wind_n neither_o be_v their_o opinion_n help_v by_o one_o example_n observe_v by_o mariner_n in_o a_o certain_a region_n 9_o degree_n distant_a from_o the_o pole_n which_o most_o man_n suppose_v to_o be_v groenland_n for_o in_o this_o green_a grass_n be_v find_v and_o a_o air_n more_o warm_a than_o in_o nova_n zembla_n as_o be_v most_o certain_a the_o only_a animal_n peculiar_a to_o these_o northern_a region_n venison_n rhinoceros_n a_o kind_n of_o venison_n be_v the_o rhinoceros_n and_o this_o in_o the_o space_n of_o a_o month_n become_v exceed_o fat_a by_o feed_v on_o this_o grass_n nevertheless_o see_v that_o as_o yet_o not_o many_o region_n be_v hitherto_o find_v of_o this_o temperature_n in_o the_o frigid_a zone_n it_o be_v not_o expedient_a for_o we_o from_o this_o single_a example_n to_o make_v a_o general_a conjecture_n especial_o see_v that_o the_o cause_n of_o this_o peculiar_a constitution_n be_v manifest_a for_o that_o land_n be_v full_a of_o marsh_n and_o sedgey_a and_o the_o grass_n by_o which_o the_o rhinoceros_n or_o dear_a be_v tender_v so_o fat_a be_v not_o a_o kind_n of_o terrestrial_a grass_n but_o sedge_n and_o osier_n but_o other_o herb_n be_v not_o there_o find_v or_o any_o tree_n from_o whence_o we_o may_v gather_v that_o that_o land_n contain_v some_o fat_a and_o sulphureous_a substance_n which_o be_v mix_v which_o the_o water_n produce_v such_o a_o oil_n and_o fatten_v sedge_n but_o that_o the_o like_a earth_n be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o other_o part_n of_o the_o frigid_a zone_n have_v not_o as_o yet_o be_v observe_v but_o rather_o the_o contrary_n therefore_o in_o the_o winter_n in_o these_o place_n be_v little_a light_n but_o a_o incredible_a and_o great_a violence_n of_o cold_a snow_n shower_n and_o polary_a wind_n and_o this_o winter_n begin_v in_o the_o northern_a frigid_a zone_n when_o the_o sun_n first_o enter_v capricorn_n although_o also_o the_o autumn_n the_o sun_n go_v from_o the_o 1_o degree_n of_o libra_n to_o the_o 1_o of_o capricorn_n be_v little_o different_a from_o this_o violent_a winter_n the_o spring_n indeed_o be_v less_o infest_a with_o this_o violence_n of_o the_o air_n yet_o it_o be_v without_o snow_n shower_n and_o cold_a polary_a wind_n yet_o the_o increase_n of_o heat_n in_o the_o day_n or_o rather_o the_o decrease_n of_o cold_a be_v discover_v at_o that_o time_n viz._n the_o sun_n go_v from_o the_o 1_o degree_n of_o aries_n to_o the_o 1_o of_o cancer_n and_o in_o this_o vernal_a season_n or_o in_o the_o latter_a day_n of_o it_o the_o sun_n continue_v above_o the_o horizon_n in_o entire_a revolution_n and_o therefore_o then_o there_o be_v discover_v a_o moderate_a heat_n which_o yet_o be_v not_o of_o that_o force_n as_o to_o melt_v and_o dissolve_v the_o snow_n of_o all_o those_o place_n into_o water_n much_o less_o be_v it_o able_a to_o melt_v the_o ice_n whence_o mariner_n report_v that_o here_o be_v to_o be_v find_v snow_n and_o ice_n of_o a_o perpetual_a duration_n then_o the_o summer_n shall_v be_v from_o the_o go_n of_o the_o sun_n from_o the_o 1_o degree_n of_o cancer_n to_o the_o 1_o of_o libra_n in_o the_o first_o part_n of_o which_o the_o sun_n yet_o remain_v for_o whole_a day_n above_o the_o horizon_n and_o augment_v the_o heat_n by_o some_o accession_n so_o that_o june_n july_n and_o august_n be_v month_n of_o a_o tolerable_a air._n in_o some_o place_n among_o the_o mountain_n the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v intense_a but_o the_o shower_n and_o cloud_n do_v much_o hinder_v this_o benignity_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o especial_o the_o most_o sharp_a northern_a wind_n unto_o which_o sometime_o snow_n be_v adjoin_v so_o that_o no_o fruit_n or_o corn_n can_v here_o arrive_v to_o any_o maturity_n except_o in_o some_o place_n near_o the_o arctic_a circle_n chap._n xxvii_o of_o the_o shadow_n which_o the_o body_n erect_v in_o the_o earth_n and_o illuminate_v by_o the_o sun_n do_v cast_v and_o of_o the_o division_n of_o the_o earth_n arise_v from_o thence_o see_v that_o the_o shadow_n in_o divers_a place_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o the_o illuminate_v body_n of_o the_o sun_n do_v cast_v be_v carry_v into_o divers_a place_n and_o fall_v on_o the_o sense_n have_v much_o variety_n hence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o man_n who_o be_v ignorant_a of_o this_o cause_n be_v strike_v with_o a_o admiration_n and_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o shadow_n of_o the_o earth_n divide_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o it_o be_v into_o three_o sort_n which_o division_n must_v be_v apply_v to_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o to_o its_o superficies_n so_o that_o they_o term_v some_o amphiscij_fw-la other_o heteroscij_fw-la and_o the_o rest_n periscij_fw-la the_o explication_n of_o which_o term_n see_v that_o they_o contain_v but_o small_a learning_n we_o shall_v say_v somewhat_o also_o concern_v shadow_n which_o although_o they_o do_v not_o pertain_v to_o geography_n yet_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o near_a affinity_n they_o may_v be_v propose_v in_o this_o chapter_n shadow_n of_o
monastery_n of_o bethlem_n the_o monastery_n of_o the_o holy_a cross_n and_o at_o bethlehem_n over_o the_o place_n where_o christ_n be_v bear_v the_o virtuous_a helena_n erect_v also_o another_o fair_a and_o goodly_a temple_n which_o be_v possess_v by_o the_o franciscan_n of_o jerusalem_n be_v call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o st._n mary_n of_o bethlehem_n nigh_o to_o jerusalem_n be_v the_o desert_n of_o st._n john_n baptist_n where_o be_v yet_o the_o ruin_n of_o a_o monastery_n over_o his_o cave_n and_o the_o fountain_n as_o also_o the_o mountain_n of_o judah_n where_o be_v the_o church_n of_o st._n john_n baptist_n the_o fountain_n and_o the_o house_n of_o elizabeth_n also_o the_o sepulchre_n of_o zachary_n a_o part_n of_o the_o pillar_n of_o absalon_n and_o the_o cave_n of_o st._n james_n at_o bethania_n two_o mile_n from_o jerusalem_n be_v the_o house_n of_o simon_n the_o leper_n the_o house_n of_o lazarus_n as_o also_o his_o sepulchre_n where_o be_v the_o mount_n of_o olive_n where_o be_v the_o sepulchre_n of_o the_o virgin_n mary_n where_o christ_n be_v often_o and_o from_o whence_o he_o ascend_v up_o into_o heaven_n joppa_n or_o jaffa_n serve_v for_o a_o port_n to_o jerusalem_n from_o which_o it_o be_v 10_o mile_n distant_a and_o it_o be_v thither_o that_o the_o wood_n and_o stone_n take_v from_o mount_n libanus_n and_o destine_v to_o the_o build_n of_o the_o temple_n of_o solomon_n be_v bring_v by_o water_n and_o from_o thence_o by_o land_n to_o jerusalem_n this_o be_v the_o port_n where_o jonah_n embark_v to_o fly_v from_o the_o face_n of_o the_o lord_n from_o this_o history_n the_o heathen_n make_v the_o fable_n of_o andromeda_n and_o pretend_v to_o show_v in_o the_o rock_n which_o be_v before_o the_o port_n the_o mark_n of_o the_o iron_n to_o which_o andromeda_n be_v chain_v and_o expose_v to_o the_o sea-monster_n after_o jerusalem_n there_o rest_v yet_o gaza_n now_o gazere_n great_a and_o better_o inhabit_v than_o jerusalem_n 1._o jericho_n seat_v on_o the_o river_n jordan_n about_o 30_o mile_n distant_a from_o jerusalem_n a_o city_n once_o of_o great_a fame_n be_v in_o the_o time_n of_o christianity_n a_o episcopal_n see_v also_o note_v for_o her_o beautiful_a palm_n but_o especial_o for_o her_o balsamum_n but_o now_o turn_v to_o ruin_n in_o the_o place_n whereof_o stand_v a_o few_o poor_a cottage_n inhabit_v by_o the_o arabian_n 2._o samaria_n once_o the_o seat_n of_o the_o king_n of_o israel_n have_v now_o nothing_o leave_v but_o the_o ruin_n of_o some_o proud_a building_n and_o 3._o sichem_n now_o naplouse_a have_v some_o samaritan_n and_o remain_v the_o capital_a of_o that_o quarter_n and_o the_o best_a inhabit_v but_o with_o many_o ruin_n and_o to_o speak_v truth_n there_o be_v now_o scarce_o any_o place_n of_o mark_n in_o all_o the_o holy_a land_n whereas_o under_o the_o canaanite_n under_o the_o hebrew_n under_o the_o jew_n there_o be_v so_o many_o people_n so_o many_o king_n so_o many_o city_n so_o rich_a and_o so_o powerful_a that_o throughout_o the_o whole_a continent_n of_o the_o earth_n there_o be_v no_o country_n may_v compare_v with_o it_o jerusalem_n be_v at_o present_a govern_v by_o a_o bassa_n and_o naplouse_a by_o another_o which_o obey_v the_o beglerby_n of_o damascus_n diarbeck_n part_n diarbeck_n and_o its_o part_n diarbeck_n take_v particular_o answer_v only_o to_o mesopotamia_n which_o be_v but_o part_n of_o the_o ancient_a assyria_n take_v in_o general_n it_o answer_v to_o the_o three_o part_n of_o that_o assyria_n of_o which_o the_o particular_a assyria_n be_v now_o call_v arzerum_n mesopotamia_n diarbeck_n and_o chaldea_n or_o babylonia_n or_o yerack_n the_o first_o be_v the_o most_o oriental_a and_o almost_o all_o beyond_o the_o tigris_n the_o second_o the_o most_o occidental_a and_o be_v between_o the_o euphrates_n and_o the_o tigris_n the_o three_o the_o most_o meridional_a and_o lie_v on_o both_o side_n the_o tigris_n people_n it_o be_v fertility_n and_o people_n this_o country_n of_o chaldea_n now_o yerack_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n exceed_v fruitful_a yield_v ordinary_o 200_o fold_n the_o blade_n of_o their_o wheat_n and_o barley_n be_v about_o four_o finger_n broad_a have_v yearly_o two_o harvest_n the_o people_n ancient_o be_v much_o give_v to_o divination_n south-saying_n and_o idolatry_n place_n of_o most_o note_n be_v 1._o babylon_n former_o babel_n the_o ancient_a city_n in_o the_o world_n seat_v on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o euphrates_n place_n it_o be_v chief_a place_n first_o build_v by_o nimrod_n and_o much_o enlarge_v and_o beautify_v by_o nabuchadnezzar_n so_o that_o it_o be_v account_v one_o of_o the_o nine_o wonder_n of_o the_o world_n this_o city_n be_v so_o vast_a that_o its_o wall_n stretch_v in_o circumference_n 365_o furlong_n in_o height_n 66_o yard_n and_o in_o breadth_n 25_o situate_a on_o both_o side_n of_o the_o euphrates_n which_o also_o run_v through_o the_o city_n empty_v itself_o into_o divers_a rivulet_n over_o this_o river_n euphrates_n there_o be_v a_o stately_a bridge_n at_o each_o end_n of_o which_o there_o be_v a_o sumptuous_a palace_n beautify_v also_o with_o the_o temple_n of_o the_o idol_n bell_n the_o whole_a city_n be_v adorn_v with_o fair_a building_n stately_a palace_n and_o temple_n with_o a_o number_n of_o fair_a and_o large_a street_n famous_a for_o its_o tower_n of_o babelâ—_n which_o exalt_a it_o selt_z 5164_o pace_n in_o height_n which_o be_v something_o above_o 5_o mile_n have_v its_o basis_n or_o circumference_n equal_a to_o its_o height_n a_o city_n once_o esteem_v the_o mistress_n of_o the_o world_n and_o so_o rich_a that_o it_o be_v say_v that_o alexander_n at_o his_o take_n it_o find_v treasure_v up_o 200000_o talent_n of_o gold_n a_o talon_n of_o our_o money_n be_v esteem_v at_o 4500_o pound_n a_o vast_a treasure_n but_o the_o sin_n of_o the_o people_n draw_v the_o wrath_n of_o god_n upon_o it_o and_o by_o reason_n of_o its_o invasion_n by_o the_o mede_n persian_n and_o macedonian_n who_o subdue_v it_o so_o ruâ—ned_v that_o it_o soon_o lose_v its_o pristine_a glory_n and_o magnificence_n be_v reduce_v to_o ruin_n out_o of_o which_o be_v raise_v a_o new_a city_n call_v bagdad_n bagdad_n babylon_n now_o call_v bagdad_n so_o name_v from_o its_o many_o garden_n therein_o contain_v but_o not_o to_o compare_v to_o the_o old_a babylon_n neither_o in_o largeness_n nor_o glory_n be_v not_o above_o 7_o mile_n in_o compass_n but_o yet_o remain_v to_o this_o day_n a_o place_n of_o great_a trade_n between_o which_o be_v aleppo_n be_v find_v many_o caravan_n to_o travel_v with_o many_o thousand_o camel_n lade_v with_o rich_a commodity_n bring_v from_o india_n and_o elsewhere_o abound_v with_o the_o same_o commodity_n as_o aleppo_n do_v at_o this_o place_n they_o make_v use_v also_o of_o pigeon_n as_o they_o do_v at_o alexandretta_n and_o aleppo_n which_o serve_v instead_o of_o post_n which_o when_o occasion_n serve_v as_o upon_o the_o arrival_n of_o ship_n caravan_n or_o the_o like_a they_o take_v these_o pigeon_n and_o tie_v a_o advertisement_n which_o they_o write_v in_o a_o little_a piece_n of_o paper_n about_o their_o neck_n which_o do_v they_o carry_v the_o pigeon_n to_o a_o high_a place_n and_o toss_v it_o up_o and_o immediate_o it_o fly_v to_o the_o other_o place_n to_o which_o it_o be_v design_v which_o give_v notice_n to_o they_o the_o palace_n in_o this_o city_n most_o worthy_a of_o note_n be_v the_o mosque_n a_o large_a and_o rich_a structure_n build_v of_o freestone_n resemble_v marble_n in_o form_n orbicular_a then_o the_o sultan_n palace_n adjoin_v to_o the_o buzzar_n or_o great_a marketplace_n be_v a_o rich_a large_a but_o low_a fabric_n next_o the_o bridge_n who_o passage_n be_v over_o boat_n which_o be_v chain_v together_o which_o upon_o occasion_n may_v be_v separate_v have_v resemblance_n to_o that_o of_o rouen_n in_o normandy_n and_o last_o its_o coho-house_n which_o be_v house_n of_o good-fellowship_n be_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o coffeehouse_n with_o we_o which_o in_o this_o place_n be_v many_o to_o which_o a_o great_a resort_n of_o people_n come_v to_o sip_v coffee_n which_o by_o they_o be_v high_o esteem_v as_o indeed_o by_o most_o people_n in_o these_o region_n 3._o balsera_n the_o port-town_n to_o bagdad_n seat_v near_o the_o place_n where_o tigris_n lose_v itself_o in_o the_o persian_a gulf_n which_o be_v likewise_o call_v the_o gulf_n of_o balsora_n and_o ormus_n this_o city_n be_v say_v to_o have_v 10000_o house_n and_o answer_n to_o the_o ancient_a teredon_n 4._o coufa_fw-la be_v sometime_o the_o seaâ—_n of_o the_o calif_n and_o near_o it_o be_v ali_n inter_v whence_o it_o have_v likewise_o be_v call_v masad-ali_n or_o merat-ali_n the_o house_n of_o ali_n and_o there_o be_v always_o a_o horse_n keep_v ready_a to_o mount_v mahomet_n mahadin_n the_o son_n of_o almansor_n the_o son_n of_o
gueye_v timocove_n etc._n etc._n who_o have_v in_o part_n take_v and_o receive_v the_o manner_n and_o barbarousness_n of_o the_o tartar_n their_o neighbour_n place_n its_o part_n and_o chief_a place_n cochin-china_n likewise_o be_v divide_v into_o chiampaa_n and_o cochin-china_n chiampaa_o between_o camboja_n and_o cochin-china_n regard_v the_o isle_n of_o sonde_n towards_o the_o south_n the_o philippines_n towards_o the_o east_n and_o touch_v on_o tunquin_n to_o the_o north._n it_o be_v principal_a city_n bear_v the_o same_o name_n according_a to_o most_o author_n but_o according_a to_o other_o pulocacein_o it_o have_v nothing_o which_o be_v not_o common_a to_o cochin-china_n and_o therefore_o we_o shall_v say_v no_o more_o cochin-china_n particular_o take_v be_v better_a know_v than_o all_o the_o neighbour_a country_n because_o it_o be_v whole_o upon_o the_o sea_n have_v 150_o league_n of_o coast_n and_o not_o above_o 40_o or_o 50_o in_o breadth_n between_o the_o mountain_n of_o kemois_n a_o barbarous_a people_n and_o the_o sea_n its_o province_n be_v descend_v from_o north_n to_o south_n sinuva_n cacciam_fw-la quangiva_fw-la quingin_n or_o pulacambis_n and_o ranran_n the_o two_o first_o touch_n upon_o tunquin_n the_o last_o touch_n on_o the_o kingdom_n of_o chiampaa_n the_o king_n make_v his_o ordinary_a residence_n in_o the_o province_n of_o sinuva_n or_o at_o cacciam_fw-la city_n of_o the_o same_o name_n with_o their_o province_n people_n it_o be_v fertility_n commodity_n temperature_n and_o people_n all_o the_o country_n be_v fertile_a abound_v in_o rice_n fruit_n and_o herb_n breed_v many_o fowl_n and_o beast_n and_o the_o sea_n excellent_a fish_n it_o produce_v cinnamon_n pepper_n lignum_fw-la aquilae_fw-la calamba_n and_o benjamin_n it_o be_v temperature_n be_v pleasant_a though_o under_o the_o torrid_a zone_n the_o air_n healthful_a and_o the_o soil_n so_o abundant_a in_o all_o thing_n that_o the_o inhabitant_n have_v no_o knowledge_n either_o of_o contagion_n or_o famine_n they_o have_v gold_n silver_n silk_n porcelain_n and_o divers_a other_o valuable_a commodity_n all_o sort_n of_o nation_n frequent_v its_o coast_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o goodness_n of_o its_o port_n and_o because_o its_o inhabitant_n be_v courteous_a liberal_a kind_a to_o stranger_n and_o faithful_a in_o their_o deal_n they_o be_v courageous_a and_o more_o warlike_a than_o those_o of_o tunquin_n or_o china_n handle_v all_o sort_n of_o arm_n with_o no_o small_a activity_n they_o be_v idolater_n christianity_n be_v introduce_v in_o 1620_o and_o begin_v to_o flourish_v but_o their_o king_n have_v of_o date_n very_o much_o persecute_v they_o among_o the_o particularity_n and_o rarity_n of_o the_o country_n we_o must_v place_v the_o lutt_n a_o inundation_n which_o in_o autumn_n cover_v with_o its_o water_n almost_o all_o the_o country_n it_o renew_v from_o 15_o to_o 15_o day_n remain_v only_o 3_o day_n at_o a_o time_n make_v the_o earth_n so_o fruitful_a that_o it_o bring_v forth_o its_o increase_n twice_o or_o thrice_o a_o year_n their_o saroyboura_a find_v several_a rarity_n here_o find_v or_o matter_n wherewith_o certain_a swallow_n make_v their_o nest_n which_o after_o those_o bird_n leave_v dry_a and_o harden_a they_o gather_v in_o great_a quantity_n which_o be_v steep_v and_o moisten_v in_o water_n serve_v for_o sauce_n to_o all_o sort_n of_o meat_n and_o as_o former_o manna_n communicate_v such_o a_o variety_n of_o taste_n that_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v compose_v of_o cinnamon_n clove_n pepper_n and_o other_o spice_n their_o lignum_fw-la aquilae_fw-la and_o calamba_n come_v from_o the_o same_o tree_n the_o first_o from_o the_o trunk_n of_o a_o young_a tree_n the_o last_o from_o the_o trunk_n of_o a_o old_a tree_n but_o this_o last_o be_v much_o more_o esteem_v than_o the_o other_o both_o for_o its_o odour_n and_o virtue_n a_o pound_n of_o it_o on_o the_o place_n where_o it_o be_v beat_v down_o be_v worth_a 5_o ducat_n be_v bring_v to_o the_o port_n 15_o or_o 16_o and_o if_o transport_v to_o japan_n 200._o if_o some_o piece_n be_v find_v to_o make_v a_o whole_a pillar_n it_o be_v worth_a 3_o or_o 400_o ducat_n the_o pound_n the_o lignum_fw-la aquilae_fw-la among_o other_o thing_n serve_v to_o burn_v the_o dead_a body_n of_o their_o king_n prince_n and_o priest_n burn_v wood_n as_o heavy_a as_o iron_n and_o which_o consume_v not_o except_o burn_v among_o the_o wood_n they_o use_v for_o building_n there_o be_v two_o sort_n which_o they_o call_v uncorruptible_a whether_o in_o water_n or_o earth_n their_o tree_n they_o call_v thin_n the_o wood_n of_o the_o one_o be_v near_o as_o black_a as_o ebony_n the_o other_o near_o the_o colour_n of_o yew_n both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o take_v out_o of_o the_o bark_n be_v smooth_a and_o glib_a so_o solid_a and_o weighty_a that_o it_o sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o water_n and_o serve_v also_o for_o anchor_n for_o ship_n they_o make_v pillar_n on_o which_o they_o erect_v their_o building_n and_o before_o the_o time_n of_o the_o lutt_n they_o drive_v joist_n and_o plank_n between_o those_o column_n and_o with_o cane_n and_o reed_n accommodate_v divers_a apartment_n which_o they_o take_v away_o in_o the_o time_n of_o those_o inundation_n that_o the_o water_n may_v run_v the_o free_a tunqvin_n the_o kingdom_n of_o tunqvin_n be_v part_n on_o the_o sea_n and_o part_n on_o the_o main_a land_n situation_n the_o kingdom_n of_o tunquin_n its_o bound_n extent_n and_o situation_n it_o bound_n on_o the_o sea_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o gulf_n of_o cochin-china_n there_o where_o it_o divide_v china_n from_o cochin-china_n and_o have_v about_o 150_o league_n of_o coast_n on_o the_o land_n it_o extend_v itself_o from_o the_o seventeen_o degree_n of_o latitude_n on_o this_o side_n the_o equator_fw-la unto_o the_o twenty_o three_o which_o be_v likewise_o 150_o league_n from_o north_n to_o south_n its_o breadth_n be_v only_o about_o 100_o league_n from_o east_n to_o west_n part_n its_o part_n this_o kingdom_n contain_v seven_o province_n of_o which_o the_o three_o most_o southern_o be_v bochin_n gehan_n and_o tinhoa_n the_o four_o most_o northern_o be_v beramar_n kedom_n kenam_n and_o kethay_n bochin_n touch_v on_o cochin-china_n and_o the_o two_o other_o advance_v along_o the_o gulf_n towards_o the_o north_n among_o the_o four_o last_o beramar_n and_o kedun_n be_v towards_o china_n kenan_n and_o kethay_n towards_o the_o people_n lay_v powerful_a the_o king_n very_o powerful_a the_o king_n of_o tunquin_n ordinary_o entertain_v a_o militia_n of_o 50000_o man_n take_v from_o the_o three_o southern_o province_n and_o pay_v by_o the_o four_o northern_a because_o these_o last_o late_o revolt_v and_o the_o other_o remain_v in_o obedience_n place_n it_o be_v chief_a place_n kecchio_n be_v the_o chief_a city_n of_o the_o kingdom_n where_o the_o king_n ordinary_o reside_v it_o be_v not_o above_o twenty_o mile_n in_o circuit_n but_o have_v a_o million_o of_o inhabitant_n some_o author_n will_v have_v it_o call_v tunquin_n that_o be_v the_o court_n of_o the_o west_n and_o that_o the_o kingdom_n take_v its_o name_n from_o it_o the_o land_n have_v beautiful_a plain_n and_o water_v with_o many_o great_a river_n which_o with_o the_o rain_n and_o melt_a of_o the_o snow_n which_o descend_v from_o the_o mountain_n that_o separate_v it_o from_o the_o lay_n the_o kingdom_n of_o ciocangue_n china_n and_o cochin-china_n make_v it_o fruitful_a by_o their_o inundation_n render_v it_o better_o and_o more_o abundant_a than_o cochin-china_n yet_o have_v it_o neither_o corn_n vines_n nor_o olive_n tree_n commodity_n it_o be_v fertiliy_v and_o commodity_n but_o they_o gather_v rice_n twice_o a_o year_n of_o which_o they_o make_v bread_n they_o fetch_v in_o wine_n and_o instead_o of_o oil_n make_v use_v of_o the_o matter_n take_v from_o swallow_n nest_n of_o which_o they_o have_v no_o less_o quantity_n than_o cochin-china_n they_o have_v neither_o ass_n nor_o sheep_n but_o many_o horse_n elephant_n and_o rhinocerote_n who_o flesh_n skin_n bone_n tooth_n nail_n and_o horn_n serve_v for_o antidote_n against_o poison_n they_o have_v so_o much_o pullain_n pigeon_n turtle_n and_o other_o fowl_n that_o they_o give_v they_o almost_o for_o nothing_o among_o their_o fruit_n they_o have_v fair_a pomegranate_n which_o beyond_o the_o ordinary_a excellency_n of_o that_o fruit_n have_v here_o a_o particular_a and_o delightful_a juice_n for_o fish_n they_o make_v account_n that_o in_o the_o season_n there_o daily_o go_v 10000_o bark_n out_o of_o their_o port_n to_o fish_n christianity_n they_o embrace_v christianity_n the_o catholic_n religion_n be_v so_o introduce_v here_o some_o year_n past_a that_o there_o be_v esteem_v to_o be_v more_o than_o 200000_o christen_v soul_n 200_o great_a church_n and_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o chapel_n and_o oratory_n there_o have_v since_o happen_v divers_a change_n in_o these_o kingdom_n the_o portugal_n have_v several_a
food_n for_o three_o day_n there_o be_v likewise_o 200_o banias_n or_o stew_n 200_o inn_n of_o which_o some_o have_v more_o than_o 100_o chamber_n 400_o mill_n which_o daily_o work_v 1200_o mule_n among_o its_o college_n the_o build_n of_o that_o of_o king_n hahu_fw-mi henon_n cost_v 500_o thousand_o duckat_n be_v a_o most_o curious_a and_o delicate_a building_n all_o enrich_v with_o mosaicque_a work_n of_o gold_n azure_a and_o marble_n its_o gate_n be_v of_o brass_n in_o this_o college_n be_v abundance_n of_o stately_a building_n as_o cloister_n hall_n baines_n hospital_n etc._n etc._n it_o have_v a_o stately_a library_n in_o which_o beside_o other_o book_n be_v 20000_o volume_n in_o manuscript_n they_o have_v 150_o public_a necessary_a house_n build_v so_o commodious_o that_o the_o water_n carry_v away_o the_o ordure_n to_o its_o wall_n it_o have_v 86_o gate_n which_o serve_v for_o entrance_n into_o the_o city_n south_n east_n of_o the_o old_a fez_n be_v the_o new_a city_n fiz_n the_o new_a city_n of_o fiz_n at_o a_o mile_n or_o 1200_o pace_n distance_n this_o be_v almost_o only_o for_o the_o house_n and_o for_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o king_n the_o palace_n where_o he_o ordinary_o reside_v and_o the_o palace_n of_o the_o principal_a lord_n the_o mint_n a_o stately_a temple_n etc._n etc._n be_v in_o the_o first_o quarter_n the_o officer_n of_o the_o court_n and_o the_o captain_n of_o the_o guard_n hold_v almost_o all_o the_o second_o and_o the_o king_n guard_n alone_o have_v former_o the_o three_o now_o a_o good_a part_n of_o this_o last_o quarter_n be_v possess_v by_o jew_n and_o goldsmith_n and_o part_n of_o the_o second_o by_o divers_a merchant_n and_o artisan_n in_o this_o city_n of_o fez_n as_o general_o throughout_o these_o part_n they_o have_v abundance_n of_o conjurer_n fortune-teller_n juggler_n and_o enchanter_n who_o be_v in_o some_o war_n esteem_v among_o they_o it_o be_v people_n be_v of_o a_o duskish_a or_o blackish_a complexion_n of_o sly_a stature_n tall_a and_o well_o proportion_v they_o be_v of_o a_o active_a disposition_n for_o and_o horse-manship_a otherwise_o excessive_a idle_a they_o be_v very_o subtle_a close_o perfidious_a inconstant_a proud_a much_o addict_v to_o luxury_n and_o therefore_o by_o consequence_n very_o jealous_a of_o their_o wife_n who_o they_o keep_v with_o great_a severity_n and_o that_o the_o more_o according_a to_o their_o external_a grace_n they_o be_v very_o revengeful_a if_o injure_a and_o hard_o to_o be_v reconcile_v in_o their_o gait_n they_o have_v much_o of_o the_o spaniard_n in_o they_o in_o their_o apparel_n they_o go_v very_o sumptuous_a and_o rich_a but_o their_o food_n be_v but_o very_o gross_a religion_n their_o religion_n as_o to_o their_o religion_n they_o be_v either_o mahometan_n or_o heathen_n and_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n incline_v to_o literature_n and_o arts._n justice_n their_o magistrate_n and_o justice_n in_o this_o city_n be_v four_o sort_n of_o magistrate_n one_o for_o the_o canon-law_n one_o for_o the_o civil-law_n another_o for_o marriage_n and_o divorcement_n and_o another_o as_o a_o advocate_n to_o who_o they_o make_v their_o appeal_n in_o the_o administration_n of_o justice_n they_o be_v more_o or_o less_o severe_a according_a to_o the_o heinousness_n of_o the_o offence_n in_o their_o marriage_n they_o observe_v many_o ceremony_n as_o be_v agree_v they_o be_v accompany_v to_o the_o church_n by_o their_o parent_n relation_n and_o friend_n which_o ceremony_n be_v end_v they_o be_v invite_v to_o two_o banquet_n the_o one_o at_o the_o bridegroom_n cost_n and_o the_o other_o at_o the_o bride_n relation_n which_o be_v do_v the_o bridegroom_n cause_v the_o bride_n to_o be_v conduct_v to_o his_o house_n with_o music_n and_o torch_n be_v accompany_v with_o their_o friend_n and_o be_v enter_v the_o house_n she_o be_v immediate_o lead_v to_o the_o chamber_n door_n and_o deliver_v by_o her_o father_n brother_n or_o some_o of_o her_o kindred_n to_o his_o mother_n if_o live_v who_o there_o wait_v for_o her_o come_n who_o immediate_o be_v redeliver_v to_o he_o who_o forthwith_o conduct_n she_o to_o a_o private_a chamber_n where_o he_o enjoy_v she_o and_o if_o she_o be_v find_v to_o be_v a_o virgin_n which_o will_v appear_v by_o the_o blood_n which_o will_v proceed_v which_o perceive_v they_o dry_v up_o with_o a_o napkin_n and_o carry_v in_o their_o hand_n to_o show_v the_o company_n with_o great_a joy_n and_o then_o they_o make_v feast_n and_o be_v very_o merry_a but_o if_o she_o be_v contrary_a and_o that_o no_o blood_n be_v cause_v than_o they_o judge_v her_o virginity_n lose_v and_o thereupon_o the_o marriage_n be_v frustrate_v and_o with_o great_a disgrace_n she_o be_v turn_v home_o to_o her_o parent_n this_o with_o several_a other_o ceremony_n be_v omit_v in_o the_o marriage_n of_o a_o widow_n here_o the_o woman_n at_o the_o death_n of_o their_o friend_n assemble_v themselves_o together_o habit_n themselves_o in_o sackcloth_n and_o ash_n and_o sing_v a_o funeral_n dirge_n to_o the_o praise_n of_o the_o decease_a and_o at_o the_o end_n of_o every_o verse_n howl_v and_o cry_v and_o this_o they_o do_v for_o seven_o day_n together_o during_o which_o time_n her_o friend_n send_v in_o provision_n and_o come_v and_o comfort_v she_o for_o their_o custom_n be_v not_o to_o have_v any_o meat_n dress_v in_o the_o house_n of_o mourn_v during_o the_o say_a time_n especial_o until_o the_o corpse_n be_v inter_v 1._o the_o city_n of_o mahmora_n fall_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o portugal_n in_o 1515_o be_v present_o retake_v by_o the_o king_n of_o fez_n who_o defeat_v 10000_o christian_n and_o gain_v 60_o piece_n of_o artillery_n the_o king_n of_o spain_n likewise_o make_v themselves_o master_n of_o it_o 1614_o and_o have_v fortify_v it_o because_o of_o the_o goodness_n of_o the_o port._n 2._o sala_n or_o sally_n have_v be_v the_o residence_n of_o some_o king_n of_o fez._n it_o be_v compose_v of_o two_o city_n the_o old_a and_o the_o new_a and_o have_v a_o great_a trade_n with_o the_o english_a french_a hollander_n and_o genovese_n it_o be_v fortress_n be_v on_o a_o rise_a ground_n with_o a_o high_a tower_n which_o discover_v the_o sea_n in_o the_o castle_n the_o king_n mansor_n and_o other_o his_o successor_n have_v their_o magnificent_a tomb_n the_o place_n be_v take_v by_o the_o castilian_n and_o retake_v from_o they_o some_o year_n past_a and_o afterward_o abundance_n of_o the_o moor_n of_o granado_n drive_v from_o spain_n retire_v thither_o have_v fortify_v and_o enrich_v it_o with_o their_o piracy_n 3._o mechnese_a between_o sally_n and_o fez_n be_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o a_o plain_a where_o for_o 5_o or_o 6000_o pace_n there_o be_v only_a garden_n fill_v with_o excellent_a fruit_n the_o city_n be_v well_o build_v its_o street_n large_a and_o well_o order_v its_o inhabitant_n liberal_a and_o civil_a but_o always_o in_o jealousy_n against_o those_o of_o fez._n divers_a aqueduct_n bring_v water_n to_o the_o city_n and_o furnish_v the_o temple_n bains_n hospital_n and_o college_n and_o private_a house_n asgar_n be_v a_o province_n between_o the_o river_n of_o suba_fw-la asgar_n province_n of_o asgar_n and_o lusus_fw-la or_o lixa_fw-la on_o the_o coast_n it_o extend_v itself_o far_o up_o the_o land_n towards_o the_o city_n of_o fez_n and_o have_v fair_a and_o fertile_a field_n with_o a_o air_n so_o pleasant_a that_o former_o the_o king_n of_o fez_n pass_v here_o a_o part_n of_o the_o spring_n in_o hunt_v 1._o elgiumha_n or_o elgiuhma_n in_o the_o way_n from_o fez_n to_o larrache_n and_o former_o the_o fair_a of_o the_o province_n serve_v now_o only_o as_o the_o granary_n where_o the_o arab_n store_n up_o their_o corn._n 2._o casarel-cabir_a a_o place_n of_o pleasure_n which_o mansor_n cause_v to_o be_v build_v between_o the_o fen_n the_o forest_n the_o sea_n and_o the_o river_n may_v now_o have_v about_o 1500_o house_n adorn_v with_o a_o stately_a hospital_n a_o college_n and_o many_o temple_n the_o battle_n which_o don_n sebastian_n king_n of_o portugal_n lose_v be_v here_o fight_v in_o which_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o the_o three_o chief_n of_o the_o army_n which_o that_o day_n meet_v all_o die_v viz._n don_n sebastian_n of_o portugal_n in_o the_o field_n of_o the_o battle_n muley_n mahomet_n of_o fez_n in_o favour_n of_o who_o don_n sebastian_n pass_v into_o africa_n be_v drown_v pass_v the_o river_n of_o mucazin_n to_o save_v himself_o in_o arzile_n and_o abdelmelech_n of_o morocco_n the_o conqueror_n die_v with_o labour_n and_o pain_n or_o with_o the_o sickness_n with_o which_o he_o be_v seize_v before_o the_o battle_n all_o three_o competitor_n for_o this_o kingdom_n with_o several_a other_o of_o eminent_a quality_n 3._o lharais_n or_o larrache_n once_o lixos_n which_o some_o among_o the_o ancient_n say_v be_v great_a than_o the_o great_a
grand_a cairo_n and_o in_o the_o field_n by_o the_o asp_n tortoise_n craw-fish_n crocodile_n etc._n etc._n who_o remove_v their_o egg_n or_o young_a from_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o nile_n immediate_o before_o the_o inundation_n and_o lay_v they_o there_o where_o it_o will_v bind_v they_o give_v judgement_n whether_o there_o will_v be_v more_o or_o less_o water_n and_o the_o people_n be_v advertise_v to_o the_o end_n they_o may_v take_v order_n for_o what_o they_o have_v to_o do_v the_o king_n maeris_n have_v express_o cause_v to_o be_v dug_n the_o lake_n of_o maeris_n to_o receive_v the_o water_n of_o the_o nile_n when_o it_o have_v too_o much_o or_o to_o furnish_v it_o when_o too_o little_a at_o present_a they_o remedy_v it_o when_o little_a by_o channel_n advance_v towards_o the_o high_a country_n that_o they_o may_v be_v water_v when_o too_o much_o by_o certain_a floodgate_n which_o they_o open_v to_o let_v the_o water_n slide_v away_o for_o the_o effect_n of_o this_o inundation_n be_v that_o all_o that_o the_o nile_n cover_v with_o its_o water_n be_v make_v fruitful_a and_o no_o more_o it_o rain_n sometime_o in_o the_o low_a egypt_n very_o little_a in_o the_o high_a and_o not_o sufficient_a to_o moisten_v the_o earth_n but_o when_o the_o nile_n increase_v too_o much_o or_o too_o little_a it_o do_v hurt_v at_o 12_o cubit_n it_o be_v yet_o famine_n at_o 15_o or_o 16_o sufficient_a at_o 18_o or_o 20_o abundance_n the_o little_a can_v moisten_v the_o high_a land_n and_o near_a the_o mountain_n that_o which_o lie_v too_o long_o leave_v not_o time_n to_o sow_v the_o low_a ground_n but_o the_o little_a or_o none_o at_o all_o be_v more_o dangerous_a than_o the_o too_o much_o and_o often_o beside_o the_o famine_n presage_v some_o other_o misfortune_n near_o so_o before_o the_o death_n of_o pompey_n there_o be_v little_a before_o that_o of_o anthony_n and_o cleopatra_n none_o at_o all_o moreover_o the_o dew_n which_o cause_v this_o inundation_n be_v imperceptible_a as_o the_o same_o author_n say_v he_o assure_v we_o however_o that_o so_o soon_o as_o it_o fall_v the_o air_n be_v purify_v and_o all_o disease_n and_o pestilential_a fever_n of_o the_o country_n which_o be_v there_o very_o rife_a cease_v which_o make_v it_o appear_v that_o these_o water_n be_v excellent_a and_o indeed_o all_o author_n agree_v that_o the_o water_n of_o the_o nile_n be_v sweet_a healthful_a nourish_a and_o that_o they_o keep_v a_o long_a time_n without_o corrupt_v so_o that_o they_o be_v discharge_v from_o the_o mud_n and_o sand_n they_o bring_v along_o with_o they_o from_o the_o ground_n through_o which_o they_o pass_v the_o first_o king_n of_o egypt_n make_v so_o much_o account_n of_o they_o nourish_a it_o be_v water_n exceed_o nourish_a that_o they_o drink_v nothing_o else_o than_o the_o water_n of_o nile_n and_o when_o philadelphus_n marry_v his_o daughter_n berenice_n to_o antiochus_n theos_n king_n of_o assyria_n he_o give_v order_n that_o from_o time_n to_o time_n there_o shall_v be_v the_o water_n of_o nile_n carry_v she_o that_o she_o may_v drink_v no_o other_o and_o the_o fruitfulness_n which_o these_o water_n cause_n be_v not_o only_o know_v by_o their_o make_v the_o earth_n so_o exceed_o fertile_a which_o otherwise_o be_v as_o barren_a so_o that_o if_o they_o do_v in_o a_o manner_n but_o throw_n in_o their_o seed_n they_o have_v four_o rich_a harvest_n in_o less_o than_o four_o month_n and_o in_o that_o they_o produce_v and_o nourish_v a_o infinite_a number_n of_o strange_a creature_n as_o crocodile_n which_o from_o a_o egg_n no_o big_a than_o that_o of_o a_o goose_n come_v to_o be_v 20_o 25_o and_o sometime_o to_o 30_o foot_n long_o his_o foot_n be_v arm_v with_o claw_n his_o back_n and_o sides_n with_o scale_n so_o hear_v not_o to_o be_v pierce_v but_o his_o belly_n soft_a and_o tender_a by_o reason_n of_o which_o he_o receive_v many_o time_n his_o death_n wound_n his_o mouth_n be_v exceed_o wide_a have_v no_o tongue_n his_o jaw_n very_o strong_a and_o arm_v with_o a_o sharp_a set_v of_o tooth_n as_o it_o be_v indent_v his_o tail_n be_v equal_a to_o his_o body_n in_o length_n by_o which_o he_o infold_v his_o prey_n and_o draw_v it_o in_o the_o water_n at_o the_o take_n of_o his_o prey_n he_o give_v jump_n and_o it_o be_v a_o pretty_a while_n ere_o he_o can_v turn_v himself_o so_o that_o if_o it_o be_v not_o just_a before_o he_o it_o may_v escape_v he_o four_o month_n in_o the_o year_n it_o be_v observe_v to_o eat_v nothing_o which_o be_v during_o the_o winter_n season_n the_o female_a be_v say_v to_o lay_v one_o hundred_o egg_n at_o one_o time_n which_o she_o be_v as_o many_o day_n a_o hatch_n and_o they_o will_v live_v to_o the_o age_n of_o one_o hundred_o year_n and_o grow_v to_o the_o last_o also_o this_o river_n breed_v river-horse_n of_o old_a call_v hippopotami_n they_o have_v great_a head_n wide_a jaw_n and_o arm_v with_o tusk_n as_o white_a as_o ivory_n they_o be_v proportion_v like_o a_o swine_n but_o as_o big_a in_o body_n as_o a_o cow_n smooth_v skin_v but_o exceed_v hard_a also_o river-bull_n about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o calf_n of_o a_o twelve_o month_n old_a and_o in_o shape_n like_o a_o bull._n also_o here_o be_v find_v abundance_n of_o great_a and_o small_a fish_n and_o last_o the_o fruitfulness_n of_o these_o water_n be_v show_v in_o that_o the_o woman_n and_o cattle_n which_o drink_v thereof_o be_v very_o fruitful_a ordinary_o bring_v forth_o their_o child_n and_o young_a by_o two_o and_o three_o and_o sometime_o by_o four_o and_o five_o at_o a_o time_n there_o be_v yet_o many_o fine_a thing_n may_v be_v say_v of_o the_o nile_n as_o its_o divers_a name_n its_o cataract_n etc._n etc._n but_o we_o have_v likewise_o omit_v many_o thing_n which_o may_v be_v say_v of_o egypt_n which_o have_v be_v famous_a in_o holy_a writ_n as_o well_o as_o in_o profane_a and_o which_o will_v swell_v into_o a_o volume_n let_v we_o end_v with_o say_v something_o of_o the_o fertility_n of_o the_o country_n what_o commodity_n it_o produce_v and_o communicate_v to_o other_o country_n it_o be_v plentiful_o furnish_v with_o several_a metal_n commodity_n the_o fertility_n of_o the_o country_n and_o its_o commodity_n the_o ground_n along_o the_o nile_n produce_v abundance_n of_o corn_n rice_n pulse_n and_o other_o grain_n that_o it_o may_v well_o be_v term_v the_o granary_n of_o the_o turkish_a as_o it_o be_v former_o of_o the_o roman_a empire_n and_o it_o feed_v much_o cattle_n produce_v great_a plenty_n of_o fish_n have_v store_n of_o fowl_n yield_v excellent_a fruit_n lemon_n orange_n citron_n pomegranate_n figgs_n cherry_n etc._n etc._n also_o caper_n olive_n flax_n sugar_n cassia_n sena_n oil_n balsam_n some_o drug_n and_o spice_n wax_v civet_n elephant_n tooth_n silk_n cotton_n linen_n cloth_n with_o several_a good_a manufacture_n also_o hide_v beside_o the_o ash_n of_o two_o little_a weed_n grow_v about_o alexandria_n whereof_o quantity_n be_v transport_v to_o venice_n and_o without_o which_o they_o can_v make_v their_o chrystal-glass_n we_o may_v add_v that_o incense_n coffee_n and_o other_o commodity_n of_o arabia_n and_o india_n pass_v through_o this_o country_n to_o be_v transport_v into_o the_o western_a part_n of_o turkey_n throughout_o the_o country_n they_o have_v abundance_n of_o palm-tree_n etc._n its_o palm-tree_n and_o the_o nature_n of_o their_o grow_a etc._n etc._n which_o may_v be_v reckon_v among_o the_o rarity_n of_o the_o country_n and_o that_o for_o several_a reason_n these_o tree_n be_v observe_v always_o to_o grow_v in_o couple_n male_a and_o female_a they_o both_o thrust_v forth_o cod_n full_a of_o seed_n but_o the_o female_a be_v only_o fruitful_a but_o not_o except_o it_o grow_v by_o the_o male_a and_o have_v his_o seed_n mix_v with_o she_o which_o they_o do_v not_o fail_v to_o do_v at_o the_o begin_n of_o march_n the_o fruit_n it_o bear_v be_v know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o date_n which_o in_o taste_n resemble_v figs._n the_o pith_n of_o these_o tree_n be_v white_a and_o call_v the_o brain_n which_o be_v in_o the_o uppermost_a part_n and_o this_o be_v hold_v a_o excellent_a salad_n in_o taste_n much_o like_o a_o artichoke_n of_o the_o branch_n they_o make_v bedstead_n lattice_n etc._n etc._n of_o the_o outward_a husk_n of_o the_o cod_n cordage_n of_o the_o inner_a brush_n and_o of_o the_o leave_n fan_n feather_n mat_n basket_n etc._n etc._n this_o tree_n be_v hold_v among_o they_o to_o be_v the_o perfect_a image_n of_o a_o man_n and_o that_o for_o these_o reason_n first_o because_o it_o do_v not_o fructify_v but_o by_o coiture_fw-fr next_o as_o have_v a_o brain_n in_o the_o uppermost_a part_n which_o if_o once_o corrupt_v as_o man_n do_v perish_v and_o die_v and_o last_o in_o regard_n that_o
that_o of_o the_o particular_a guiny_n the_o inhabitant_n live_v 100_o year_n and_o more_o the_o land_n produce_v the_o same_o fruit_n and_o feed_v the_o same_o beast_n with_o guiny_n and_o its_o people_n be_v more_o courteous_a to_o stranger_n their_o principal_a city_n so_o call_v be_v esteem_v the_o great_a and_o best_a build_v of_o any_o either_o in_o guiny_n or_o the_o land_n of_o the_o negro_n it_o be_v king_n be_v powerful_a and_o very_o love_v to_o his_o subject_n they_o be_v all_o much_o addict_v to_o woman_n the_o king_n be_v say_v to_o keep_v about_o 5_o or_o 600_o wife_n with_o all_o which_o twice_o a_o year_n he_o go_v out_o in_o great_a pomp_n as_o well_o for_o recreation_n as_o to_o show_v they_o to_o his_o subject_n who_o according_a to_o their_o ability_n do_v exceed_v those_o of_o the_o gentile_a or_o better_a sort_n keep_v 20_o 30_o 40_o other_o 50_o 60_o or_o 70_o and_o those_o of_o the_o poor_a rank_n 5_o 10_o or_o 12._o their_o custom_n both_o for_o man_n and_o woman_n till_o they_o be_v marry_v be_v to_o go_v naked_a and_o after_o their_o clothing_n be_v only_o a_o cloth_n which_o be_v tie_v about_o their_o middle_n and_o hang_v down_o to_o their_o knee_n it_o be_v other_o chief_a place_n be_v ouwerre_n focko_n boni_fw-la and_o bodi_n guiny_n the_o soil_n of_o guiny_n the_o soil_n of_o guiny_n be_v general_o fertile_a the_o most_o part_n bear_v twice_o a_o year_n because_o they_o have_v two_o summer_n and_o two_o winter_n they_o oall_n it_o winter_n when_o the_o sun_n pass_v their_o zenith_n and_o that_o the_o rain_n be_v continual_a all_o the_o whole_a country_n be_v very_o fertile_a commodity_n it_o be_v fertility_n and_o commodity_n abound_v in_o corn_n rice_n millet_n and_o in_o many_o sort_n of_o meleguete_n in_o fruit_n as_o orange_n citron_n lemon_n pomegranate_n date_n etc._n etc._n also_o in_o gold_n both_o in_o sand_n and_o in_o ingot_n in_o ivory_n or_o elephant_n tooth_n in_o great_a abundance_n in_o wax_n hides_n cotton_n ambergris_n they_o extract_v wine_n and_o oil_n from_o their_o palm-tree_n and_o of_o this_o oil_n and_o the_o ash_n of_o the_o palmtree_n they_o make_v excellent_a soap_n they_o have_v many_o sugarcane_n which_o be_v scarce_o at_o all_o husband_v they_o have_v brasil-wood_n better_a than_o that_o which_o come_v from_o brasil_n they_o have_v abundance_n of_o wood_n proper_a to_o build_v and_o mast_n ship_n and_o pearl_n which_o they_o find_v in_o oyster_n towards_o the_o river_n des_fw-mi ostros_fw-la that_o be_v of_o oyster_n and_o of_o st._n anne_n between_o the_o branch_n of_o the_o niger_n find_v commodity_n here_o find_v and_o for_o these_o good_a commodity_n in_o way_n of_o barter_n they_o truck_v or_o take_v course_n cloth_n both_o linen_n and_o woollen_a red_a cap_n freeze_v mantle_n and_o gown_n leather_n baggs_n sheepskin_n glove_n gun_n sword_n dagger_n belt_n knife_n hammer_n ax-head_n salt_n great_a pin_n little_a piece_n of_o iron_n which_o they_o convert_v to_o several_a use_n laver_n and_o great_a dutch_a kettle_n with_o two_o handle_n basin_n of_o several_a size_n platter_n broad_a pan_n posnet_n pot_n etc._n etc._n make_v for_o the_o most_o part_n of_o capper_n which_o be_v sometime_o tin_a within_o some_o of_o which_o utensil_n be_v make_v of_o tinn_n and_o other_o of_o earth_n which_o be_v here_o desire_v also_o looking-glass_n bead_n coral_n and_o copper_n brass_n and_o tinn_n ring_n which_o they_o wear_v about_o they_o for_o their_o adornment_n horstail_n which_o they_o use_v to_o keep_v away_o the_o fly_n which_o annoy_v they_o as_o also_o when_o they_o dance_v and_o last_o certain_a shell_n which_o pass_v instead_o of_o money_n have_v here_o and_o in_o many_o other_o country_n no_o current_a money_n of_o metal_n as_o the_o european_n have_v but_o make_v use_n of_o those_o shell_n which_o they_o hang_v in_o bundle_n upon_o string_n for_o which_o they_o buy_v in_o their_o market_n such_o thing_n as_o they_o want_v elephant_n its_o beast_n and_o their_o nature_n the_o elephant_n among_o their_o beast_n they_o have_v elephant_n which_o be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o big_a of_o all_o four_o footed_a beast_n of_o nature_n they_o be_v very_o gentle_a docile_a and_o tractable_a they_o live_v to_o a_o great_a age_n seldom_o die_v till_o the_o age_n of_o 150_o year_n they_o be_v very_o serviceable_a both_o in_o war_n and_o peace_n and_o as_o profitable_a by_o reason_n of_o their_o tusk_n it_o be_v say_v that_o when_o the_o male_a have_v once_o season_v the_o female_a he_o never_o after_o touch_v she_o next_o the_o elephant_n may_v be_v reckon_v the_o musk-cat_n musk-cat_n the_o musk-cat_n which_o with_o spring_n they_o take_v in_o the_o wood_n when_o they_o be_v young_a and_o keep_v they_o in_o hutches_n and_o take_v from_o they_o the_o musk_n which_o they_o keep_v in_o glass_n or_o pot_n and_o so_o vend_fw-mi it_o and_o these_o cat_n they_o vend_v to_o the_o english_a and_o other_o nation_n at_o good_a rate_n then_o their_o ape_n monkey_n and_o baboon_n baboon_n monkey_n ape_n and_o baboon_n which_o be_v strong_a and_o lusty_a be_v take_v and_o bring_v to_o it_o young_a serve_v like_o man_n they_o send_v they_o to_o fetch_v water_n at_o the_o river_n make_v they_o to_o turn_v meat_n at_o the_o fire_n serve_v at_o table_n to_o give_v drink_n but_o they_o must_v be_v very_o watchful_a otherwise_o they_o will_v do_v mischief_n and_o eat_v the_o meat_n themselves_o and_o these_o be_v much_o belove_v by_o their_o woman_n do_v the_o duty_n of_o man_n which_o they_o be_v as_o desirous_a of_o themselves_o and_o hate_v men._n again_o there_o be_v some_o of_o these_o monkey_n or_o ape_n which_o love_v man_n and_o hate_v woman_n they_o have_v variety_n of_o bird_n among_o which_o fruit_n its_o bird_n its_o fruit_n they_o have_v several_a sort_n of_o parrot_n which_o be_v bring_v to_o talk_v their_o fruit_n be_v excellent_a as_o orange_n lemon_n citron_n pomegranate_n date_n annanas_n or_o pynes_n which_o for_o smell_n and_o taste_v resemble_v all_o fruit_n trennuelis_fw-la a_o fruit_n so_o delicate_a and_o delicious_a that_o it_o be_v think_v it_o be_v the_o fruit_n in_o paradise_n which_o be_v forbid_v adam_n and_o eve_n to_o eat_v of_o iniamus_n battatas_fw-la bachonens_fw-la the_o palmtree_n and_o above_o all_o here_o be_v a_o tree_n call_v the_o oyster_n tree_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o bear_a oyster_n thrice_o every_o year_n a_o thing_n if_o report_n may_v be_v credit_v be_v true_a and_o if_o true_a very_o strange_a the_o inhabitant_n especial_o before_o the_o come_n of_o the_o portugal_n people_n it_o be_v people_n be_v rude_a and_o barbarous_a live_v without_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o god_n law_n religion_n or_o government_n very_o disingenuous_a and_o not_o care_v for_o art_n or_o letter_n disposition_n their_o disposition_n they_o be_v much_o addict_v to_o theft_n and_o take_v it_o for_o a_o honour_n if_o they_o can_v cheat_v or_o steal_v any_o thing_n though_o not_o considerable_a from_o a_o white_a man._n they_o be_v very_o perfidious_a liar_n give_v to_o luxury_n in_o matter_n of_o justice_n they_o be_v indifferent_a severe_a justice_n their_o justice_n punish_v ofttimes_o with_o death_n but_o pay_v a_o fine_a will_v free_v they_o and_o the_o place_n of_o judicature_n be_v in_o the_o open_a market_n place_n their_o food_n be_v gross_a and_o beastly_a apparel_n their_o food_n and_o apparel_n as_o be_v their_o habitation_n mean_v and_o beggarly_a they_o go_v naked_a save_v about_o their_o waist_n they_o tie_v a_o piece_n of_o linen_n yet_o very_o proud_a and_o stately_a stature_n their_o stature_n they_o be_v of_o a_o corpulent_a body_n flat_a nose_a broad_a shoulder_v white_a eye_v and_o teethe_v belief_n their_o religion_n &_o belief_n small_a ear_a etc._n etc._n in_o matter_n of_o religion_n they_o be_v great_a idolater_n worship_v beast_n bird_n hill_n and_o indeed_o every_o strange_a thing_n which_o they_o see_v they_o hold_v there_o be_v two_o god_n one_o do_v they_o good_a and_o the_o other_o hurt_n and_o these_o two_o god_n they_o say_v fight_z together_z also_o they_o believe_v there_o be_v a_o god_n which_o be_v invisible_a which_o they_o say_v be_v black_a yet_o of_o late_o they_o have_v try_v many_o form_n of_o religion_n as_o judaisme_n mahometism_n and_o christianity_n but_o care_v not_o much_o for_o any_o nevertheless_o some_o of_o they_o believe_v they_o die_v not_o and_o to_o that_o end_n give_v their_o dead_a body_n something_o to_o carry_v with_o they_o into_o the_o other_o world_n they_o keep_v their_o fetissoe_n day_n that_o be_v one_o day_n in_o seven_o for_o a_o day_n of_o rest_n as_o their_o sabbath_n which_o be_v on_o a_o tuesday_n a_o day_n that_o no_o other_o nation_n in_o the_o world_n keep_v very_o strict_a at_o which_o time_n they_o offer_v meat_n and_o drink_n to_o their_o fetisso_n
the_o fire_n it_o be_v sap_n infuse_v in_o water_n heat_v and_o take_v lukewarm_a purge_v phlegm_n and_o cure_v venerial_a distemper_n fruit_n their_o fruit_n among_o their_o fruit_n they_o have_v damson_n twice_o as_o big_a as_o we_o mirabolan_n of_o many_o kind_n anana_n citron_n orange_n pomegranate_n grape_n date_n coco-nut_n etc._n etc._n they_o gather_v maniguet_n ginger_n and_o divers_a root_n which_o they_o eat_v instead_o of_o bread_n and_o which_o serve_v for_o divers_a other_o use_n they_o have_v quantity_n of_o rice_n millet_n bean_n pease_n french-bean_n both_o red_a white_z green_a and_o all_o sort_n of_o pulse_n the_o sensitive_a herb_n be_v find_v among_o the_o tapates_n who_o leaf_n touch_v they_o all_o close_a and_o shut_v up_o one_o within_o anothen_fw-ge hang_v towards_o the_o ground_n and_o not_o raise_v up_o nor_o open_v themselves_o again_o till_o a_o good_a while_n after_o and_o that_o by_o little_a and_o little_a place_n it_o be_v chief_a place_n the_o isle_n have_v many_o good_a road_n and_o commodious_a port_n and_o every_o where_o be_v find_v good_a water_n and_o victual_n but_o the_o air_n be_v unhealthful_a to_o the_o european_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a heat_n which_o here_o reign_v it_o lie_v under_o the_o torrid_a zone_n yet_o the_o french_a have_v establish_v a_o colony_n sometime_o in_o one_o place_n and_o sometime_o in_o another_o the_o bay_n of_o anton-gil_n or_o of_o st._n anthony_n be_v the_o best_a in_o all_o the_o island_n on_o the_o same_o coast_n and_o far_o towards_o the_o north_n be_v boamarage_v more_o towards_o the_o south_n arganda_fw-la and_o continue_v cacambout_o manialoufe_v manajara_n or_o the_o port_n of_o prune_n matatane_n manapate_n or_o the_o port_n of_o galleon_n manatenga_n andâ—â—boul_n romag_n near_o the_o port_n st._n case_n and_o antipere_fw-la or_o sancta_fw-la clara_n near_o cape_n st._n romain_n all_o these_o place_n or_o port_n be_v build_v with_o wood_n cover_v with_o leave_n and_o enclose_v with_o pallisadoe_n as_o throughout_o all_o the_o isle_n on_o the_o other_o side_n towards_o the_o west_n and_o direct_o opposite_a to_o the_o coast_n of_o africa_n be_v vingagora_n st._n andreâ—â—â—_n the_o bay_n of_o pracel_n st._n vincent_n st._n james_n the_o port_n or_o gulf_n of_o st._n augustine_n the_o best_a next_o to_o antongil_n tombaja_n etc._n etc._n the_o middle_n of_o the_o isle_n rise_v into_o mountain_n cover_v with_o wood_n where_o be_v ebony_n saunders_n orange-tree_n citron-tree_n etc._n etc._n describe_v the_o isle_n of_o sancta_fw-la mary_n describe_v about_o madagascar_n be_v a_o great_a many_o of_o isle_n as_o that_o of_o sancta_fw-la mary_n near_o the_o bay_n of_o anton-gil_n about_o ten_o or_o twelve_o league_n in_o circuit_n be_v fair_a and_o fertile_a afford_v store_n of_o provision_n and_o potter_n earth_n and_o their_o sea_n quantity_n of_o whale_n which_o they_o catch_v by_o dart_v on_o they_o a_o certain_a iron_n fix_v to_o the_o end_n of_o a_o cord_n which_o when_o they_o have_v tire_v themselves_o they_o make_v to_o the_o shore_n and_o of_o these_o whale_n they_o make_v oil_n with_o which_o as_o also_o with_o their_o provision_n and_o potter_n earth_n they_o drive_v a_o trade_n describe_v the_o isle_n of_o comeres_fw-la describe_v the_o isle_n of_o comeres_fw-la be_v five_o principal_a one_o as_o st._n christopher_n st._n esprit_fw-fr loura_n comera_n and_o gasidsa_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o last_o be_v perfidious_a the_o other_o more_o civil_a and_o under_o one_o king_n alone_o who_o reside_v at_o ansuvanny_n where_o there_o be_v some_o trade_n the_o most_o part_n be_v mahometan_n the_o soil_n be_v pleasant_a and_o fertile_a because_o of_o the_o river_n which_o descend_v from_o the_o mountain_n and_o water_v their_o field_n they_o have_v all_o sort_n of_o bird_n they_o have_v no_o iron_n they_o fetch_v from_o madagascar_n rice_n millet_n ambergris_n and_o slave_n which_o they_o transport_v into_o arabia_n and_o the_o red_a sea_n from_o whence_o they_o bring_v stuff_n and_o indian_a habit_n amfium_n or_o opium_n in_o 1613._o the_o hollander_n tauch_v on_o this_o island_n and_o receive_v great_a refreshment_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o for_o a_o choir_n of_o common_a paper_n they_o have_v a_o ox_n for_o a_o common_a looking-glass_n another_o for_o a_o dozen_o of_o little_a bell_n which_o they_o fasten_v to_o hawk_n leg_n another_o for_o a_o bar_n of_o iron_n three_o ox_n etc._n etc._n describe_v the_o isle_n of_o maurico_n describe_v the_o isle_n maurice_n or_o sancta_fw-la appollina_n between_o 19_o and_o 20_o degree_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v inhabit_v before_o the_o hollander_n establish_v a_o colony_n it_o be_v about_o 15_o league_n in_o compass_n mandelslo_n say_v that_o this_o island_n have_v a_o good_a haven_n both_o deep_a and_o large_a enough_o for_o fifty_o say_a of_o great_a ship_n to_o harbour_v in_o which_o make_v it_o to_o be_v very_o pleasant_a have_v many_o mountain_n which_o be_v well_o clothe_v with_o tree_n and_o always_o green_a among_o which_o some_o be_v so_o lofty_a that_o they_o seem_v to_o overtop_v the_o cloud_n and_o its_o valley_n as_o pleasant_a and_o green_a and_o adorn_v with_o several_a sort_n of_o tree_n as_o well_o those_o that_o bear_v fruit_n as_o cocoe_n date_n orange_n citron_n etc._n etc._n as_o those_o which_o yield_v none_o as_o great_a quantity_n of_o excellent_a ebony_n and_o other_o tree_n some_o of_o who_o wood_n be_v yellow_a other_o red_a other_o mix_v and_o all_o with_o fair_a and_o lively_a colour_n the_o leave_n of_o their_o palm-tree_n be_v large_a enough_o to_o cover_v a_o man_n the_o bird_n be_v here_o so_o tame_a that_o they_o suffer_v themselves_o to_o be_v take_v with_o the_o hand_n or_o kill_v with_o a_o stick_n they_o have_v tortoise_n strong_a enough_o to_o bear_v a_o man_n but_o fourfooted_a beast_n they_o have_v none_o beside_o these_o isle_n aforesaid_a there_o be_v several_a other_o which_o be_v seat_v about_o the_o isle_n of_o madagascar_n as_o two_o bear_v the_o name_n of_o deigosoare_n two_o by_o the_o name_n of_o nunni_n pereirae_fw-la three_o by_o the_o name_n of_o diego_fw-es roix_n four_o by_o sancta_fw-la clara_n two_o by_o st._n romanus_n three_o by_o st._n julianus_n three_o by_o st._n jacobus_n nine_o by_o st._n vincent_n three_o by_o st._n christopher_n three_o by_o comora_n and_o eight_o by_o the_o name_n of_o bugi_n also_o the_o isle_n of_o boamarage_n st._n anthony_n st._n maria_n radix_fw-la mascarenhae_fw-la johannis_n de_fw-fr lisboa_n syrtium_fw-la and_o mosambicha-nova_n with_o some_o other_o shipwreck_n the_o bank_n of_o india_n very_o dangerous_a for_o shipwreck_n between_o the_o isle_n of_o madagascar_n and_o the_o main_a land_n about_o 70_o league_n from_o the_o isle_n 100_o from_o cefala_n and_o 150_o from_o mozambique_n be_v the_o bank_n of_o india_n infamous_a for_o shipwreck_n and_o particular_o for_o that_o of_o the_o admiral_n fernando_n mendoza_n in_o 1586._o the_o bank_n and_o rock_n be_v of_o sharp_a stone_n and_o with_o divers_a point_n like_v to_o coral_n some_o black_a other_o white_z other_o green_z but_o all_o horrible_a even_o to_o behold_v there_o rest_v a_o great_a number_n of_o island_n to_o the_o north_n and_o east_n and_o between_o the_o north_n and_o east_n of_o madagascar_n and_o among_o these_o isle_n many_o bank_n and_o rock_n we_o will_v omit_v a_o particular_a description_n of_o they_o as_o unnecessary_a and_o only_o say_v that_o the_o french_a have_v often_o design_v to_o establish_v a_o powerful_a colony_n in_o the_o country_n encourage_v by_o its_o commodity_n and_o the_o great_a commerce_n it_o be_v like_a to_o maintain_v the_o isle_n of_o cape_n verde_n viz._n the_o isle_n of_o cape_n verde_n describe_v viz._n one_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o league_n from_o cape_n verde_n and_o towards_o the_o west_n be_v a_o body_n of_o island_n which_o extend_v themselves_o from_o 13_o ½_n unto_o the_o 19_o degree_n of_o latitude_n and_o from_o 153_o ½_n unto_o 157_o or_o thereabouts_o of_o longitude_n they_o be_v call_v in_o general_a the_o isle_n of_o cape_n verde_n because_o that_o cape_n be_v the_o near_a main_a land_n to_o they_o among_o these_o isle_n there_o be_v 10_o in_o some_o consideration_n though_o a_o part_n of_o they_o not_o inhabit_v they_o be_v range_v almost_o in_o form_n of_o a_o crescent_n or_o semicircle_n of_o which_o the_o convex_a part_n regard_v the_o continent_n and_o the_o two_o point_n the_o ocean_n that_o which_o make_v the_o point_n towards_o north_n and_o west_n be_v that_o of_o st._n antonio_n which_o those_o of_o st._n vincent_n st._n nicholas_n and_o sancta_fw-la lucia_n follow_v advancing_z between_o east_n and_o south_n then_o those_o of_o salt_n bona_n vista_n and_o maya_n descend_v from_o north_n to_o south_n and_o be_v the_o most_o easterly_a of_o all_o those_o of_o st._n jago_n of_o fuego_n and_o brava_n the_o most_o southern_a return_v from_o east_n to_o