the urine signifie 1. Putrefaction as in the plague morbus gallicus with stinch 2. Great agitation and commotion of the humors as in the small pockes and measils In these two the motes flote all over the urine yet warme and during tâ—e naturall heate thereof and after setling to the sediment doe signifie a doubtfull strife betwixt nature and the disease to be decided by age strength of the patient and other signes Montan. 50. 3. Rhewme in the whole body if the said motes doe appeare in the whole urine Or in the superiour parts of the body onely if they appeare onely in the upper region of the urine Or in the middle parts of the body if they appeare in the middle region Or lastly the lowest part of the body if they appeare onely in the lowest region or sediment of the urine the motes are rough and the urine troubled 4. Gout with conditions as before in rhewme 5. Diseases of the mother 6. Conception in women setling down to the sediment which if they be red through greater abundance of heate and blood a male childe is conceived If white through lesse abundance of heate and blood a female is conceived Moe signes of Conception Because Physitians vary in judgement what urines doe signifie conception yea Io. le Bon. in his treatise de therapeia puerpurarum Forestus in his booke de incerto falaci urinarum iudicio lib. 2. cap. 3. and divers others doe deny that any certaine judgement thereof can bee gathered by urine I thought good therefore not onely to set downe their severall opinions thereof by urine but also adde moe signs besides urine Both generally of conception and specially whether it be of male or female Signes of conception by urine 1. Generally womens urine with child is lesse concoct white thin with a little sediment yet the nearer they draw to childe-birth it waxeth more coloured 2. Some say there appeareth in the urine like fine flower or starch which after the urine is setled hath a sedimentor swim somewhat thicke like fine carded wooll and the rest of the urine troubled and somwhat greene or blacke 3. Other hold that their urine is white with a cloud swimming aloft and many motes floting in the whole urine such as are in the Sunne-beames and especially in the first moneth and when the urinall is shaken or moved they depart asunder like carded wooll In the moneths following the urine is red or yellow and at length blacke with a red cloud swimming aloft 4. Other some take their judgement by the sediment only which they affirme is like cotten or fine carded wooll or raw silke Reusner thinketh that they bee little flockes or motes c. as before in motes Other signes of conception besides the urine 1. The tearmes are staied without grief after they have issued eight or ten dayes after copulation 2. They feele a wringing beating and moderate paine about their navill wombe loynes stomacke backe and thighes 3. Their appetite to meat somewhat decayeth yet longeth after strange things which affection is called Citta or pica Aegid. 74. 4. They have sometime bitter belchings vomitings hardnesse of the paps and rednesse of the teates swelling of the veines and arteries especially within the nose and eyes paine or swimming in the head dimnesse of sight red pimples in the face costivenesse no desire of copulation though before they had great delight 5. If a very cleane needle be put into a womans urine with childe in a brasen bason all night and on the morrow be coloured and died with red spots she hath conceived but if it be blacke and rusty she hath not 6. If after supper going to bed she drinke water and honey sodden together Hydromel and feele a wringing in her guts she hath conceived else not Hippoc. 5. Aphoris 57. Speciall signes of conception whether it be of male or female 1. Motes in the sediment red and round signifie a male but motes white and round a female 2. Milke in conception of male commeth sooner into her breasts which being milked and set in a glasse in the Sunne it waxeth hard into a stone not unlike a bright pearle 3. All her right side is better and more lusty then her left right eye fairer right pap greater with milke the pulse of her right artery swifter If milke be cast upon the womans water with childe it will sink to the bottome neither will it depart asunder though salt be cast in 4. If a womans urine be kept three days in a glasse bottle stopped and after strain it through a fine cleane linnen cloath if there appeare little quicke living creatures and red a male is conceived if white a female 6. Tearmes flow after the fourteenth day and the childe is felt to stirre and move after the fifty day To be short all things are more quicke lusty and strong in the male then in the female Reusn. And to be short because the seed of the male is hotter and livelier then of the female therefore all things in the male are sooner performed as the male receiveth all the lineaments of his body and perfect shape of a man in his mothers wombe in thirty dayes the female in forty The male beginneth to stirre in the wombe in three moneths the female in foure The male is borne and commeth forth of the wombe in nine moneths the female in ten And the mother her selfe after birth of a male hath forty daies assigned for her purification but after the birth of a female fourescore daies Levit. 12. 4 5. And that men are hotter in constitution then women may easily appeare in that they have fewer excrements larger veines blacker colour greater and lustier members greater voice more audacity and courage then women Bertinus Contents in the middle region of the urine The middle region of the urine sublation or swimme {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} is the middle distance of the urine divided into three equall parts and here as before in contents in generall and in the sediment in speciall are considered Colour substance quantity contents c. All which have the same signification for the most part as before in the sediment save in these sixe differences following 1. Contents in the swimme signifie some windinesse whereby they are elevated so high 2. Good contents in the swimme which signifie health as white saffron claret light and equall are not so good as in the sediment yet in agues of choler heate of the Sunne hunger labour anger c. Presence of the swimme is a sufficient signe of health but of flegme or melancholy which are not so soone concocted the presence of the sediment is necessary before there can be any security of recovery Cappivaccius 67. 3. Ill contents in the swimme which are signes of sicknesse as blacke greene leadish solide and deformed contents are not so ill as in the sediment Cappivac 171. 4. Contents in the swimme give signification of
and dry quality but being voided in substance thicke and blacke Aegid. 37. Gout with little moats in the sediment Diseases of the mother whereunto womens cold constitutions are subject Obstruction of some parts of the body in neere or about the passage of urine as the liver reines water conduits the urine made with paine and little in quantity Such obstruction ariseth of melancholy raw grosse and indigested descending to the conduits of urine as in a quartane with certaine rods or lines in it and the spleen distent with melancholy maketh the passages of urine straight Aegid. Flegme grosse and glassy descending to the water conduits as in women flowers stopped and regurgitating to the vessels of urine with skales or blacke dust in the sediment but sometimes blackish and a red purulent matter Choler mixt with grossy and clammy moisture whereby it cannot ishue out with the urine as in the jaundice sometimes Sand gravell as in the stone of the reines and bladder partly stopping the passages as also receiving nourishment and increased of tough viscous slime which otherwise would ishue with the urine and make it thicker Slimy matter as in the strangury Tumors impostumes growing either in the liver or betwixt the reines and the bladder or in places neere to the passages of urine whereby they are made straighter Colicke or Iliate the winde distending the guts and straitning the reines obstructing them and continuing above seven daies is mortall Conversion of the humor which should give substance and colour another way and so the vessels of urine are more destitute of heate and humor as to the braine in phrensies mortall except there be other good signes Argent 30. To impostumes under the short ribbes arme-holes in the necke about the privy parts To the spleene inflamed in ill signe Weck To other parts of the body as before in thin urine See there In all these if more coloured urines went before and ceasing too suddenly and no evacuation succeeded Arg. 87. Actuar. Milke white hath the same signification as was before of snow-water seeing they differ not in kinde but in degree but here is lesse hurt by reason of better colour and tincture Health in sharp diseases if the colour of gold went before Death consumption of the lungs if the colour of gold went not before and accompanied with other bad signes Pale flaxen the beginning of concoction Exulceration of the lungs and consumption if it be little and have leadish oily pale we which is mortall with a laske Flegmaticke complexion in a young man being often made in thickish substance Palew yellow citrine in whole men perfect health and if the sediment be good in young men by comparison of this all other are to be judged Flegmaticke complexion if the substance be some what thicke In sicke men hote and sharp diseases imminent In old men as a double tertian In children as a quotidian In young men flegmaticke melancholike or crude contents if they continue long so because their urine should naturally be more remisse for abundance of moisture Diseases of the breast the region full of bubbles Of the splene when many rods or strikes appeare like meteors Of the liver if it be much in quantity the body leane the belly bound Light saffron saffron of cause externall much watching great labour and travell especially in the heate of the Sunne simple distemperature of heate without mixture of humors if it be pure and perspicuous medicines purging choler as Rheubarb also saffron cinnamon broth of cherries Of cause internall as choler abounding as in a tertian Distemperature of humors especially blood if it be thickish darke Melancholike complexion in thicke substance and cholericke in thin End of a sicknesse being made on the criticall day Blew melancholy Vrines yellow saffron red do signifie exceeding heate of simple distemperature if they be pure and perspicuous but mixture of humor withall if they be thicke and troubled Fer. 447. Thicke substance joyned with colour White positively with mixture of humors betokeneth abundance of raw humors flegme glassy salt unsavory Consumption in a wasting ague so the fatty nourishment of the body is molten and voided Impostumes breaking out as in grievous agues so rotten matter is voided setling to the bottome and stinking Salvian 77. End of an ague if blood issue out of the nose and being made on the judiciall day in great quantity and then no impostume followeth Milke white like water wherein a little meale is cast is good in the end of an ague and rather if great quantity of urine was made before B. Holler Matter of the stone voided out of the reines and bladder looke more in the sediment in raw humors and matter of a sore An ulcer in the instruments of urine if it be thicke like a mushrone and mattery stinking and falling to the sediment separation of raw and flegmie matter without corruption or stinch Flux of seed in a man or woman carnall copulation if it be without corruption and stinketh not Dropsie if the yellow jaundice continue through great crudity in the veines Horne-white like the horne of an old lanthorne darke through smoke or gray like the darke colour of an oxe liver not troubled betokeneth that the body is full of grosse humors and flegmatike diseases of the whole body if it be troubled which is like a beasts water and so continuing long or alwaies yet sometimes being chafed at the fire it cleareth when it is broken by cold ayre signifieth that the veines are full of ill humors head-ache through agitation of humors ascending If it waxe cleare above and cloddereth in the sediment if it be much in quantity then it betokeneth the end of an ague if little in quantity an ill signe in an ague All white urines signifie some good if the patient be strong Claret continuing of the diseases yet without danger if it hath a sediment of like colour and substance Red like cherries or red apples of cause externall fore-sheweth that the loynes or reines are beaten and bruised or some vein neer the reins open or broken with paine in the place grieved Actuar. receipt of some purgation of rheubarbe c. as pag. 4. died with priver Avicen which Mont. 19. beleeveth not Internall widenesse rarity thinnesse or laxity of some veines neere the reines through which blood issueth and sweateth out in great quantity and weaknes of body Actuar. the reines or bladder fretted untill blood commeth as in the stone especially after labour with gravell Abundance of blood as rotten agues especially Abundance of choler as in agues tertion partly troubled with an uncleane and rough sediment or semitertian with a leadish colour and greene cloud Abundance of heate unnaturall wasting and melting the moisture of the body into urine made in great quantity with fatte swimming aloft as in a consumption Vrine staying too long in the body being not provoked to issue either
evacuation of humors raw and superfluous from the veines spleene liver as in jaundice and so voiding with the urine being in colour red or yellow as in the beginning of continuall and intermitting agues 3. Confused urine is darke wherein no moats are perceived to swim or any other thing without distinction but the whole urine and every part thereof is all alike neither by standing setleth any residence or other thing to the bottome whereby it may waxe clearer and so continueth without alteration yea though it be chafed at the fire and in warme water and is like to wine which is changed and become dead with thunder or with age is waxed sowre or tart without clearenesse and brightnesse and this never riseth of diseases in the reines nor only of the inner parts but alwaies commeth from diseases of the veines neither doth it signifie abundance of raw humors but properly confusion putrefaction and corruption and that remedilesse malignam of the bloud and humors in the greater veines for putrefaction doth confound and shuffle all things together wherefore it is found onely in continuall dangerous and maligne agues By these I would have you to understand that such urine although it be not polluted with unclean reines doth not alwaies shew the state of the bloud and humors For oftentimes it is yellow thicke and troubled and yet the blood comming out of the veines by blood-letting is perfectly pure and red as it often chanceth in a quartane and tertian intermitting as also in the jaundice when superfluous choler doth ishue out of the liver and gall and other places and falleth into the veines and is not mixed with the blood but onely with the urine wherupon they are greatly deceived which in thick and red urine do presently command blood-letting as also it happeneth many times that the urine in colour substance and sediment is naturall and yet blood let out is faulty both in colour and substance such as are for the most part in the state vigor and before the critick day of continuall agues when the urines are perfectly concocted but the humor offending not at all moved and voided Fernel 451. 452. CHAP. IV. Of colours of Vrines COlours of urines are 21. which argue and shew crudity and concoction Crudity both darke white as milke white Lacteus as white of milke Horne-white Glaucus as the cleare part of a lanterne horne Gray Charopus blandus color like the white part of a mans naile next the joynt But Galen saith Charoppus is like the colour of Lyons eyes And light white Chrystalline Chrystallinus Snowie Niveus Watery Aqueus Concoction but little or somewhat lacking yet more then the former colours pale subpiceus subpalidus flaxen spiceus Perfect and absolute best palew or partly saffron subrufus subaureus subsulvus Lighter then crowne gold yellow as pure gold Aureus Actuar Fulvus rufus Citrinus All degrees of colours following after yellow doe signifie heate Sal. pag. 88. ex Avicon Exceeding the perfect and absolute concoction in these degrees in heate Salvian 88. 1. Light saffron subcroceus subflavus like water wherein bastard saffron is dissolved Saffron flavus croceus like to water wherein the flower of saffron is dissolved 2. Claret subrubeus palmeus like to bole armoniake Red rubeus puniceus as red blood cherries red apples saffron it selfe 3. Crimson purpureus vineus like blackish redde wine liver colour water wherein flesh new killed hath been washed Purple passeus cyaneus of the colour of raisons of the sunne cherries waxing blacke like wine boyled Salvian 81. Blew venetus fuscus caeruleus brunus blavus halfe white and halfe blacke mixed 4. Greene viridis porracius prassinus as leeke leaves emeraude coole-wort Oylie green oleaceus popinjay greene Ash colour colour of lead lividus plumbeus Blacke niger In colours of urines we must alwaies consider whether better succeed worse or contrary that so we may know the working of nature CHAP. V. Of substance and colour ioyntly together THinne substance joyned with colour white privately without mixture of humours as snow-Snowe-water or Chrystall signifieth either crudity obstruction or conversion of the humor Crudity through decay of naturall heate and then the urine is made freely without paine which commeth either by Salv. 75. Resolution of cause externall great hunger long fasting or watching great exercise or labour which if they be all moderate the urine is all more coloured and thicker vid. cap. 1. under kinde of life So in old men which by age are melancholike and other cold conditions of the body Argent 25. some large evacuation Sowning Weck Or of cause internall as the ill quality of the humor offending maligne and pestilent with other evill signes Or else unnaturall heate overcoming the naturall heate as flesh seething in a pot being set in the sunne is lesse boiled the heate of the sunne drawing out the heate of the water Such heate is in the whole body in the beginning of diseases especially agues when unnaturall heate prevailing the humors are raw and not concoct and as in a consumption and lingring ague the moisture of the body is resolved and moulten which maketh the urine white Aegid. And in the reines and vessels of urine as in the pissing evill Diabetes when through unnaturall heate and strength of the attractive faculty of the reines urine is drawne too fast from the liver and stomacke before it can receive any substance and colour and the retentive and digestive faculties of the reines being feeble and the expulsive strong the urine is presently voided often and much whereupon followeth great thirst heate in the reines wasting of the body costivenesse and if the griefe continue death Aegid. Or suffocation and that either of cause externall as eating or drinking immoderately surfetting quaffing liberall feeding small exercise urine made shortly after meat and drinke received especially much or diuretike whereby the urine is made before it be concocted in great and large quantity without substance or colour Or of cause internall as multitude of humors offending nature smoothering and choaking the naturall heate as too much oyle extinguishing the Lampe and too great quantity of greene wood the fire as in all humorall diseases before concoction appeareth urine is white and thin but after as the matter is concoct and heate increaseth urines vary Wecker such as appeare in great cruditie of cold in children a mortall signe Salvian 24. Not a good signe in declination of a disease both for the substance and colour but either sheweth conversion of the humor another way or relapse and reciduation except the urine was made afore in great quantity for so it is a good signe 31. Holler Dropsie of cold distemperature of the liver at the beginning for afterward the matter increasing the urine waxeth thicker Apoplexy Falling evill with leadish darke and diverse colour Swimming in the head with a certain greenish colour Palsies Diseases of flegme want of appetite Diseases of melancholy of his cold
region And first of unnaturall and deformed contents in the sediment which are commonly reckoned fifteene 1. Popinjay greene or oyly sediment signifieth Colliquation of the whole body with paine an ague and pissed slowly by little and little or else collaquation of the reines or bladder onely with paine in the reines no ague and pissed fast 2. Spider webs or fatnesse swimming in the urine signifieth Consumption of the whole body with an ague Red vetches or fitches ervaceum orobeum signifie 1. Great inflammation of the liver 2. Colliquation of the whole body or of the reines onely with conditions as before in popinjay greene 4. Plates scales folium laminae squamae having bredth and length onely like scales of fishes especially a gogeon 1. Consumption or colliquation of the whole body with an ague slow pissing stinch and crudity in the rest All concurring together 2. Exulceration of the bladder pissed thicke and fast with stinke purulent matter paine and concoction Salvian 176. 3. Inflammation of the bladder or liver 5. Grosse and course branne Fursur 1. Consumption of the whole body with crudity and thin urine 2. Scabbednesse of the whole body without ague or other paine Hasfur or of the bladder onely with concoction no ague And paine of the bladder thicke and stinking an itch about the root of the yard and purulent matter was pissed before Salv. 175. 3. Great heate wasting the substance of the liver and burning the blood if the bran be red 6. Fine bran fine meale or flower simila puls {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} 1. Colliquation of the sollid parts if they be white 2. Extreame adustion of the blood if they be red and therefore long sicknesse Salvian 179. 3. Sharp sicknesse and for the most part mortall 4 Women with childe have fine meale or starch in the swimme or setling to the sediment of their urine like fine carded wooll the rest of the urine a little troubled and greenish or ash colour Fernel Looke motes in the sediment 7. Raw humor crudus humor clammy but not stinking like snevill of the nose or white of an egge 1. Exulceration of the reines and bladder without paine 2. Impostume or stone of the reins and bladder with paine 3. Multitude of raw humors somtimes causing an ague and appearing in the sediment signifie ache in the reins sciatica gout strangury tenasmus In the swimme crudity and windinesse in the stomacke with a noise and vomiting In the cloud griefe in the spirituall parts shortnesse of winde pursivenesse spitting of blood Hacfur Aegid. 4. Eating of meats hard to digest in sore labouring men Vass 74 75. 8. Rotten and purulent matter Matter of a sore pus stinking but not much clammy which when the urinall is shaken disperseth it selfe into fatty and oyly resolutions and signifieth 1. Exulceration of the reines without paine Fernel of the bladder with paine about the bladder Of the liver with paine under the right short ribs and doth not alwaies stinke liver putrefied if it be very dreggy Aegid. 69. 2. Inflammation or impostume of the lungs whose purulent matter passeth by the left cavity of the heart into the great artery and thence into the emulgent veins and so to the reines 3. Plurifie whose matter passeth as before As also by the veine without a fellow {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} rising on the right side of the hollow veine neere the heart and by the backbone nourishing eight ribs on either side and so to the midriffe and at length by divers turnings into the left emulgent veine and thence to the reine 4. Rhewme which if it be thick comming to the bladder it maketh difficulty in pissing by drops 5. Also the phrensie 6. or squinsie whose purulent matter of these three is conveyed through the jugular veines into the hollow vein and thence into the emulgent veines and so to the reines if there be paine and griefe in the lungs liver bladder in these griefes aforesaid otherwise if purulent matter be voided and no paine in these members it is certaine that nature voideth it rising of inflammations 7. or venerous and contagious flux of seed Fernel 9. Haires like pieces of flesh long slender and hairy poli carunculae filamenta onely in thicke urine Salvian 182. and signifie 1. Dissolution of the whole body with an ague colour oily or greene Hasfurt or of the reines onely without an ague the haires fatty and grosse and may bee felt betwixt the fingers like a small slender fleshy substance 2. Obstruction of the reins with grosse and clammy humors as in the strangury dysury pissing ill c. with nummednesse of that foot which is on the same side the reine is right left 3. Exulceration of the reines or bladder whence commeth purulent matter 4. Flux of seed after carnall copulation venerous pollutions on the night or filthy and exulcerate gonorrhea Fernel 5. Womens white flowers issuing or women having uncleane matrices Fern 10. Gravell sand Arenula sabulum red white or duskish browne signifieth 1. Stone breeding or dissolving either in the reines if the gravell be red yet sometimes white by filth inclosing the gravell Fernel and paine about the reines in the backe no ague and the gravell being taken out of the urinall and dried in a shadowie place are hard in touching Or in the bladder if the gravell be white and pain in the bladder about the share where the haire groweth Yet those men whose passages of urine are wide and open and expulsive faculty strong and making such sandy urine freely and without paine in good quantity are seldome troubled with the stone because their reines and bladder are hereby clensed and the gravell not suffered to stay so long to unite and gather together to make the stone but such gravell doth argue great heate of the liver or reines and abundance of raw and grosse humors fit to breed the stone if the passages of urine should be obstructed or expulsive faculty weakened Salv. For abundance of tough and viscous superfluities straitnesse of passage and weakenesse of the expulsive faculty are three especiall causes of the stone Aegid. But least the contents mixed with urine which for the most part come from the vessels of urine should deceive him that would rightly judge of other parts of the body I will repeat the whole cause and order of the effects from the beginning Red gravell come from the reines which being many and thicke doe threaten the stone of those growing together groweth a stone as big as a graine of millet or barley corne which being extruded out of the substance of the reines into a larger place doth make the urine thicke troubled red or blackish a forerunner of the disease of the reines the same being thrust into the head of the water pipe ureter causeth great paine and then the urine is white and thinne as in obstructions the same growing bigger