Selected quad for the lemma: water_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
water_n	bright_a	cast_v	great_a	46	3	2.1425	3	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A14341	An abridgement of the notable woorke of Polidore Vergile conteignyng the deuisers and firste finders out as well of artes, ministeries, feactes & ciuill ordinaunces, as of rites, and ceremonies, commo[n]ly vsed in the churche: and the originall beginnyng of the same. Co[m]pendiously gathered by Thomas Langley; De rerum inventoribus. English. Abridgments	Vergil, Polydore, 1470?-1555.; Langley, Thomas, d. 1581. aut	1546 (1546)	STC 24656; ESTC S107600	129,908	356

It was lōg afore the senatours had any ringes of gold and as Macrobie writeth they vsed thē not so muche for trimmyng decking of thē selues as bicause to seale letters w t thē insomuche that it was not permitted to any man to haue mo then one that was allowed in none but fre men Afterwarde they began to graue seales in preciouse stones And least thei should be broken with stresse they ware them on the fynger of the left hand that is next the lytle fynger because the lefte hand is not put to muche labour as the right hād or els as Macrobie sayeth because there goeth a vayne from that finger to the heart Rynges also were vsed and worne of the knightes of Rome that by them they might be disseuered and knowen from the cōmon sort of the people The .xiiii. Chapiter ¶ The original of glasse Ambre Vermilon Mirrha and Christal IN PHENICE whiche is a parte of Syria marchyng on Iurye at the foote of the mounte Carmel there is a pole called Candebea whereof the riuer Belus springeth in the whiche glasse as Plinie writeth it engendred For it is reported that on a time whē a marchaūtes shyp that was freghted w t saltpeter for so some expound nitrum arriued there And as they romyng on the sādes sea bākes prepared theyr meate It fortuned that bycause they had no stoore of stoones to bere vp theyr vessels wherin they sodde theyr meate they tooke out of their shyp great peces of Nitre to set on theyr victuals whiche after they chaūsed to be on fyre mingled with the sand there rāne bright flakes of this preciouse lycoure By this riuer is Memnō his toumbe as Iosephus writeth y e nature of that water is to turne trāsforme other metals into glasse Ambre as Diodorus wytnesseth was foūd in y e Ile Basilia whiche lyeth against Scithia aboue Galatia in y e great Ocean where it was fyrst cast vp and was neuer seene nor found in any other place before Vermilon or red lead was foūd in Ephesus by Callias an Athenien And it was in Rome coūted taken for holy insomuche y t on theyr feastfull daies they paīted y e face of Iupiters Image with it the bodies of them that triumphed Camillus triūphed so as Plinie wytnesseth Mirrhe which is an humoure cōgeled and constipated together with heate cōmeth out of y e east parties namely out of Carmania Pompeius in his triumph of the pyrates robberson the sea brought it fyrst into Rome Christal is a stone that is congeled of pure water not w t cold but by a power diuine of heate wherby it reteineth his hardnes and neuer relēteth or melteth receiueth diuerse colours this is y e mynde of Diodorus But Plinie holdeth opinion that it cōmeth of the yse extremely frosen Neuerthelesse it is vncertaine yet who found it The .xv. Chapiter ¶ The beginnyng of Imagery and of Alexanders Image CONCERNYNG the vse of makyng Images from whence it came auctours diffre and vary For Macrobius citeth one Epicadus that sayeth it beganne of a supersticion of Hercules whiche accordyng to the nomber of his cōpanions whom he lost in his voiage into farre countrees When he came home into Italy made Images of thē cast thē doune at y e bridge Sublicius into Tibre to thentent they should de caried into theyr natiue coūtries thinkyng that to be a iust pa●entacion for their funerals Neuerthelesse he taketh it that they came rather of y e custome of the Archadians which as Diodorus writeth in their wāderyng abrode repared into Italy builded a chapel to Pluto an alter to Saturne where they pacified Pluto w t the heades of men burned the bodies to Saturne For so they expounded their oracle Et capita inferno et patri trāsmittite lumen Geue heades to Pluto the god infernal And Saturne his father the fire lustral ¶ The sacrifices that were offred to Saturne were named Saturnalia After Hercules as he passed through Italy when he had cōquered subdued Ger●on aduertised thē to chaūge that vnlucky sacrifice into fortunate oblacions and taught them to make Images of lytle boones and to offer thē to Pluto And to light tapers of waxe in honoure of Saturne Lactantius sayeth Prometheus made fyrst Images of soft clay taught y e way to make statues Some say as Diodorus writeth that the Ethiopians foūd the fyrst vse of Images of thē the Egyptiens learned Notwithstādyng I fynd that Images were long afore that tyme For Rachel when her husbande fled out of Mesopotamia from Laban his father in lawe dyd steale away her fathers goddes and therfore it appeareth that Imagery is of an auncient beginnyng And some there be y t thynke men toke occasyon of God to make Images whiche willyng to shewe to y e grosse wyttes of men some perceiueraūce of him selfe toke on him the shap of mā as Abraham sawe him Iacob also And the scripture semeth in sundrye places to attribute to him handes feete eyes and eares whiche be partes and mēbres of men And by this meanes men gathered y e maner of making ymages of God bicause to kepe him in freshe memory And this is the true original of Imagery Spurius Cassius made in Rome y e image of Ceres of brasse Afterwarde were made statues of men to excite encourage valiant heartes to high enterprises And for y t cause y e Atheniens set vp y e Images of Armodius Aristogitō that slewe expulsed the tyrannes Leontinus Gorgias made him selfe an Image of pure gold not hollowe fyrst and set it at Delphos y e .lxxviii. olympiade Pharnaces caused one to be made of siluer like him selfe whiche Pōpeie in his triumph remoued In Italy M. Attilius Clabrio made the fyrst statue of gold on horsebacke in remembraūce of his father There were also images made of brasse yuory woode marble The maner of y e Romaynes was to set vp their Images couered but the Grecians vsed to forme thē naked the Romaynes also had a rite to brēne encense light tapers afore them In this art many were very expert as Plinie reherseth But Phidias of Athens passed thē al. In Rome the kyndered familye of the Macrians were accustomed to were on thē the image of Alexander y e great grauen as mē in gold or syluer women in calles tynges because it was reported that he should acheue wel in al affayres whiche did bere on him Alexāders Images either in gold or syluer And therfore Augustus Caesar ●sed long the Image of him in sealyng his letters The .xvi. Chapiter ¶ Paintyng and pott●rs crafte or work●ng in y●arth PORTATVRE Gyges a Lidian as Plinie thinketh dyd fyrst inuēt and diuise it in Egypte In Grece Pyrrhus y e cosyn of Daedalus after Aristotles mynde But Theophrastu●

to Saturnus and Phillara was the fynder and deuised also salues for woundes soores and byles albee it some thynke it was Appollo some referre it to his sonne Aesculapius whom Chiron brought vppe some to the Samothracians But I suppose they attributed the inuencion of it to Chiron bycause he founde the Herbe Centaurie wherewith he healed the woūd that he had by Hercules shafres fallyng on his foote as he was hādlyng of his weapons notwithstandyng Celsus saieth that the arte of Phisike is verye aunciente but he maketh no mencion of the authoure of it onely he sayeth Asclepiades whiche was an excellente Phisicion dyd abholishe the vse of it for somuche as it annoyed the stomacke and engendered euil humours Mercurie founde the vse of Moly Achilles Yarowe Esculapius Panace and sondery menne founde sonderye Herbes Medicines of Hony Sol the sonne of Oceanus inuented and beastes taught men certayne Herbes necessarie for medicines As the Harte striken with an arrowe driueth it out with Detany if he be stynged with a Spider he healeth him selfe with eatyng Pilles or a certayn herbe named Cancer Selandyne that is a soueraigne herbe for the sighte was perceyued by the Swallowes whiche heled the eyes of their yong ones with it The Snaile or Torteise redy to fight with the Serpente armeth him selfe with Sauery or Maioram The Bore in his sickenes cureth him selfe with the Iuye Of the water Horse in Nilus menne learned to let blodde For when he is coarsye vnlustye he seketh by the ryuer syde the sharpest reede stalkes and striketh vayne in his legge against it w t great violence and so easeth his bodye by suche meane And when he hath done he couereth the wound w t the mudde The Ibis a byrde muche lyke the storke of the same countree taught Phisiciens to minister clysters For when she is ful she purgeth her selfe with her croked beake at the foundament The wesyl in chasyng the serpente preserueth her selfe with Rue and the storke with Organye In Grece Orpheus Museus Dioscorides in Rome Marcus Cato Pompeius Leneus wrote of the nature of herbes In this tyme Plinie thinketh that this arte was fyrst receiued among the Romaynes ¶ The .xviii. Chapiter ¶ The beginnyng of Magike Driuyng out of spirites Charmes prophesiyng in sundry maners MAGIKE had it beginnyng of medicine was the inuencion of Zoroastres kyng of the Bactriās whiche reigned .viii. C. yere after the siege of Troy the same tyme that Abraham and Ninus reigned aboute thre M.C.lxxxv yeres after the creacion of the worlde Lactantius and Eusebius thynke it was set furth among other deuelishe sciences by the euil spirites and Plinie calleth it of al artes the moost deceytful It is compacte of medicine or phisike supersticion and the mathematical artes The Thessaloniās most specially were slaundered with the frequent vse practisyng of this facultie The writer of this art was Hosthanes And Pythagoras Empedocles Democritus Plato w t diuers other sayled in far coūtries to learne it wherin Democritus was most famous CCC yere after the cytee was builded in whiche time Hippocrates published the facultie of Phisike ¶ The maner to dryue oute spirites out of men that were possessed with them and charmes to heale corporal maladies kyng Salomon taught as Iosephus witnesseth and he sawe it doone by Eleazar in his tyme afore Vespasianus then emperour The maner to heale them was suche He put to the nose of the possessed man a ryng wherein was enclosed a roote that Salomon had shewed so dreue out the spirite and straight way the man fel doune then he coniured him with suche orisons ande●orcismes as were appointed by Salomon to banishe the spirite out of y e Demoniake The sages or wyse men of Persye whiche in theyr language bee named Magi beyng wholy addict to the honoryng of their false goddes came to suche extreme folye that they professed openly that they could not onely by the obseruacion of y e sterres know thynges to come but also by other pretensed artes and mumblyng of a fewe woordes they could do bryng to passe auye thyng that they would ¶ Of them were inuented these sixe kyndes of Magike Necromancye whiche is by raisyng vppe of deade men as in Lucane one raysed from death telleth the aduentures of the battaile of Pharsalus Pyromantie that telleth thynges by the fyre and lightnyng as Tanaquilla the wyfe of Tarquinius Priscus prophesied that Seruius Tullius should be kyng of Rome because she se the fyre enuiron his head The findyng of this Plinie referreth to Amphiaraus ¶ Aēromantie that is a kynd of propheciyng by the ayre as by fliyng fedyng singyng of byrdes and straūge tempestes of wynd hayle Hydromantie was propheciyng by water as Varro writeth that a childe did se in the water the Image of Mercury whiche in C. and fiftie verses told al the chaūce of warre against Mythridates kyng of Pontus Geomantie was a diuinacion by openyng of the yearth ¶ Chiromantie is a coniecturyng by beholdyng the lynes or wryncles of the hādes called cōmonly Palmistry All whiche dayne illusions false persuasions it becōmeth al true christiens to eschewe and abhorre ¶ The .xix. Chapiter ¶ Two kyndes of diuinacion sothsaiyng castyng ●●ttes and readyng of dreames CICERO maketh .ii. kindes of diuinacions one natural and another artificial Natural is y t which procedeth of a certeine cōcitacion stirryng cōmocion of the mynde that chaunceth sometyme to men when they be in dreames or slepyng sometymes when they prophesye in a maner of fury rauishyng of mynde as it dyd to Sibilla diuerse other religious persons Of this kind were oracles of Apollo and Iupiter Hāmon Albeit they were often false because thei came of a deuilishe polycie mans subteltye but suche as come of the holye ghost and not of a phrenetike madnes be true ¶ The artificiall consisteth in those thynges whiche come of coniectures olde consideracions and obseruaunces of the entrailes of beastes fliyng of byrdes castyng of lottes ¶ The regardyng of the bowels of beastes beganne among the Hetrus●ians For as it fortuned a manne that plowed to rayse vp a deaper sorowe then he was wonte to do all sodeynly arose out of the yearth one Tages that taught thē al the feates of sothsaiyng but Plinie sayeth one Delphus found it The diuinacions by lokyng on the fedyng of byrdes Theresias a Thebane deuised Caras fyrst marked the chitteryng of them and Pythagoras obserued theyr fliyng Orpheus added the diuinacion by other beastes What store we ought to set by suche diuinacions Mossolanus a Iew techeth vs. When he was in the warres a certaine prophete cōmaunded euery man to stand styll tyl he had taken a coniecture of the bird that flowe by but Mossolanus toke priuely a bowe and shafte and kylled the byrde wherewith the wysarde diuerse other were

effect emōg y e priestes of the Weste parties vntill the tyme of Gregory the seueth whiche was the yere of our lorde M.lxxiiii AND here Polydore protesteth that the syngle life of priestes dooeth more harme to the religion shame to the ordre and griefe to honest menne then their constrained chastite profiteth if thei wer restored to the libertie and chose it were no preiudice to the christen common wealth and honesty for the ordre In the beginnyng menne maried their sisters and kinswomen but Moses restrained theim of the Hebrues from the first and seconde degrees and Fabianus forbad the third and fourth whiche custome stādeth now in effect Theodorus did inhibite first that a manne might not mary that mayde to whō his father was a godfather It was confirmed firste by Gregory and after by Alexander the third that no man should mary his brothers wife lest it should bee thought to be a counterfet of the Hebrues Lamech was the first that euer had two wiues whose example many other ensued afterwarde The custome of purifiyng was taken of y e Hebrues but there is no daie or time appoincted for it Neuerthelesse for an honest order thei vse cōmonly not to be purified afore the moneth daie then with a few honest matrōs she cōmeth accompained to the church offereth a waxe taper the chrisome ❧ The .v. Chapiter ¶ Of the temples churcheyardes when the crosse was firste had in reuerence IN the old testement Moses sette vp a tabernacle curiously edified to God wherin supplicacion and intercessiō was made to hym for the sinnes of the people And in that he made the Arke of couenaūt in the whiche he put the twoo tables of stone conteignyng the lawe of the ten commaundementes Aarons rod and the potte of Manna After hym Salomō kyng of the Hebrues made at Hierusalē a temple of costly araie and sumptuously wrought I cannot to saie trueth perfectely tell where the firste churche of christen menne was buylded but by all coniecture it semeth that it was made of the Apostles either in Ethiopia where Matthewe preached or in lower Inde where Bartholomewe taughte or in Scythia where Andrewe shewed the worde of God Where thei doubtles either caused newe churches too bee edified or els transposed the idolles temples to serue the christen mennes vse abolishyng supersticion plantyng the true religiō of Christ Albeit it were not against reason to suppose there was a temple or hous of praier appoyncted by Iames at Hierusalē IN Rome the first that I reade of was cōsecrated by Pius bishoppe of Rome in the strete called Patricius at Nouatus bathes in honour of the virgin Prudentia at the requeste and suite of Praxedis her sister And after Calistus made a temple to the virgin Mari in a place beyōde Tyberis and instituted a churcheyarde in Appius strete and called it after his owne name notwithstandyng Abraham was the first that made any place of buriall in Hebron where he bought of Ephron an Hethite y e double caue for thre hundred sicles of siluer with the grounde aboute it and ther was Sara his wife and he himself buried NOHA buylded the firste alter and offered vpō it a burned sacrifice to the lord And Bonifacius the third caused that thei wer couered with linen clothes Constantinus when he had wonne the battaill against Maxentius by reason of a vision that he sawe of the crosse the daie of the battaill ordained that from thēce furth no manne should suffre death on the crosse And so in processe of tyme it was had in muche reuerēce and worship And Theodosius made a lawe that there should no Image of the crosse bee grauen in stone marble or in yearth lest men should tread on it Helene Constantines mother a verie vertuouse woman repaired too Hierusalem to seke the crosse of our lord where with greate laboure and diligence she found it and with it the other twoo whereon the theues were hanged but it was easy to perceiue Christe his crosse by the title whiche then did remain albeeit sore wasted and corrupted with antiquitee ¶ The .vi. Chapiter ¶ Of the auncient rite of sacrificyng feastfull daies dedicatyng temples the mistery of Fire holy Water CAIN and Abell the two sonnes of our first father Adam offered in sacrifice to GOD the firste fruites of their goodes Abell his oblacion was milke Cain his gyfte was corne Afterward whē the priesthode was ordained Aaron and his sonnes offered diuerse thynges with sundry ceremonies whiche be shewed at large in the boke of Leuiticus The Gētiles almoste all sacrificed to y e idols men or women after sundry rites as appeareth in the histories Gentile auctours And if it fortune that thei omitted any suche abhominable idolatry thei had greate punishment destrucciō of their fruite corrupcion of their waters infeccion of y e aire deth of catel greate droughtes womē had eiuill deliueraunce with many suche plages as Dionisius Hilicarnasseus witnesseth which the spirites of the aire procured to delude seduce men and confirme theim in their errour THE holy daies emong the Iewes were diuerse as the Sabboth daie the feaste of y e newe Moone the passeouer the feaste of swete breade Pentecost the feast of Tabernacles the dedicaciō daie whiche bee al shewed largely in the olde Testament The vsage of dedicating churches is of great antiquitie for Moses did sacrifice the tabernacle Salomon consecrated the temple that he buylded at Hierusalem And Esdras after when thei returned from the captiue of Babilō hallowed the temple newe again Of them we receiue our rite of hallowyng of churches albeit we haue mo ceremonies thē thei had FIRE was kepte continually on the alter by the priestes for without it and salte could no sacrifice bee duly made or ordinarely offred and we in oure Masses haue euer a taper of waxe burnyng And the emperoures of Rome had Fire bourne afore thē the Vestales had euer perpetual Fire in the tēple where thei serued Vesta THE spirites of y e aire that gaue doubtfull answeres to them that required any question of theim wer at the commyng of Christe all destroyed For what tyme he was caried into Egipte whiche is a countree full of supersticion and Idolatry all the Idoles of that region wer ouerthrowē fell to the ground at his commyng thither And in the tyme of Adriane the Emperoure bothe the wicked sacrifices wer abholished and also the oracles of Apollo at Delphos Iupiter Hammon in Egipte with like vanities wer subuerted bi the power of God through his sōne Iesus Christ HOLY water was ordaigned by Alexander the first to be consecrated to driue away spitites and was commaunded that it should bee kepte as well in churches as in priuate houses for thesame vse whereof are growen emong the commō people many supersticiouse erroures contrary to the woorde of