such as the Julep or rather Syrup of Jujubs for when it is made of a hundred great Jujubs and four pounds of water cocted to the half and one pound of sugar it acquires a more crass consistency than a Julep and therefore when it comes to be used it requires dilution in simple water cocted or in a Prisane whereas a Julep is limnid enough of it self And that same Syrup which from its frequent use there derives its name from Alexandria Syrupus Alexandrinus is improperly called a Julep since it is as much inspissiated by coction and as long kept as any Syrup Now the Julep of Roses is right made when it consists of rose-Rose-water with half as much Sugar cocted almost to the crassitude of a Syrup or little less if it be presently to be assumed as vulgar Juleps Julepus rosatus qui fiat which are made for present use of Sugar or some Syrup with thrice its quantity of water as ℞ The water of Endive ℥ iij. Syrup of Limons ℥ j. mingle them Thus Juleps should be of a more liquid consistency that they may be percolated but those that are longer cocted or receive onely a double quantity of Water to their Sugar as the syrup of Roses Syrupus Rosareus Rondeletii according to Rondeletius or an equal weight of both according to Sylvius are because of their crassitude scarce fluid and admit not of percolation Therefore according to the different coction and quantity of Water to the Sugar it will be a Syrup if both be equal or a Julep if three parts of Water be put to one of Sugar according to Loubertus Since Juleps are easy to make I shall onely describe one or two forms ℞ of the waters of Fumatory and Wood sorrel an ℥ ij of Sugar ℥ j. boyl them on a gentie fire till one ounce be consumed make it into a Julep for one dose An Hypnotical Julep to conciliate sleep may be thus made ℞ The water of Water lillyes ʒ ij of Betony ℥ j. Syrup of Poppyes simple ℥ j. drink it at the hour of sleep which is at nine of the clock at night CHAP. V. Of distilled Restoratives ALL analeptical and restorative Medicaments which refocillate the habit of the body absumed by long disease or hunger which are prescribed to resartiate the vigour of the faculties weakned with languor are not onely taken from medicinal but alimental matter For whereas they conduce partly to the nutriment of the body and partly to the cure of the part affected it is manifest by reason that they should be endued with various qualities Now they are called distilled Medicaments Distillata cur dicta because they are distilled drop by drop from an Alembick into a subjected Vessel and Restoratives because they are extracted from nutritive flesh from Conserves Cordial Powders and all such things as either by their odour or substance refresh the spirits or roborate the principal parts Many disapprove of the custome of the ancients who distilled the raw flesh of Capons or Partridges purged from their bones and fatnesse together with the powders and conserves for seeing raw flesh is hardly concocted and the faculty of the powders easily and dissipable with what reason are these mixed especially seeing that the water first distilling from the crude flesh corrupts soon they seem to do better that put the flesh halfe cocted and its own juice into the Alembick with the other materialls Neither do we approve of their action Catenarum aurcarum decoctio non utilis who coct golden chains together with the flesh seeing nothing of them is dissolved nor yet extracted from them save that filth they have contracted by touching Their custome is more laudable who cast filings of Gold into coction as the Apothecaryes of Paris use to do who spare no cost that they may confect their restoratives and other compounds well This solemn and excellent distillation may be thus accomplished ℞ Of the broth of one Capon and 2. Partridge lb. ij of the waters of Buglosse Wood Sorrell and Water-Lillyes of each as much as will suffice of the Conserve of violets succory and roses of each ℥ ij Pulveris Diamargariti frigidi Electuarii triasantali diarrhodonis Abbatis an ℥ j. Troches of Camphor ℥ ij filings of Goldʒ j. ss put them all into an Alembeck and after convenient maceration let them be distilled according to Art The description of another distillation excellent against hot and malignant feavers ℞ Of the waters of Wood sorrell Goates-beard Carduus Succory of each ℥ iiij Cock broth lb. j. Conserve of Water-Lillyes Roses of each ℥ j. Treacle ℥ ss of the powder of the roots of Angelico and Termentill of eachʒ ij Dictamus ℥ j. Carduus and Citron-seeds of eachʒ ij Sage and Orange flowers of each p. iij. put all these into a still and according to Art proceed to the distillation You may adde to a portion of this same distillation when you would use it some fit liquor as the juice of Lemmons or Orenges with a little common sugar or conserve of Roses if the sick desire it CHAP. VI. Of Decoction or Apozemes GErmany indeed that I may a little decline from the rode is happy in that it is not only a nursery of famous men but a treasure also of precious things Yet as the frugiferous tree brings forth with fragrant Apples blasted blossomes and sometimes pestiferous fruits so hath she produced a very Monster in nature I mean that Pseudomedick Paracelsus who professed the Devill the Authour of his Medicine calling his characters and words the Devils Art our syrups and decoctions mans inventions Herophilus the ancient Philosopher denoted these as also all Medicaments with more sanctity calling them the Auxiliatory hand of the Gods which being indued with divine and admirable faculties are able to cure the diseased and preserve the sound body Upon this account Heraclitus famous also amongst Philosophers was wont to call sacrifices Medicaments because they like some praepotent Physick purge the soul as medicaments do the body Cael. Rhod. cap. 2. lib. 12. The Impostor said truely when he called decoctions mans medicaments for herewith the quality of the peccant humours is tempered many pains eased the violence of the untimely guest death abated the acerbity of the symptomes mitigated and the parts reduced to their native bonity and vigour for they are made of all kinds but especially of alterative and roborative Medicaments wherein sometimes some benign purgative simples are infused in small quantity for it were absurd to call any blackish ingratefull laxative decoction wherein much Senny or half an ounce of some electuary as Catholicum or some lenitive hath been dissolved an Apozeme for 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 with the Greeks comes from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to fervefy Apozema quid unde dicatur or decoct and an Apozeme is onely used for the thin decoction of hearbs Now the whole matter of Apozemes is from plants of whose
water juleps are made and of whose decoction Apozems and Syrups amongst which there is this difference that juleps are tenuious Apozematum materia Julepi syrupi apozemata quomodo differunt syrups crasser and Apozemes in the mean all dulcorated either with sugar or honey or both and according to their different consistency more or lesse cocted The ancients used sweet water wherein they had cocted the leaves of some plants instead of Apozemes as many now a dayes do the broath of green hearbs altered with some mixture For the vertue of hearbs is as well left in chickens broath by elixation as in simple water and these alterative broaths are both cheaper and more gratefull than Apozemes yet a sicke man may use both receiving broath made of fit hearbs by the Physicians advice from a Cook that knowes nothing further than a pan or spit and Apozemes prepared with prudence and industrious Artifice from the Apothecary not for nutriment as the broath but calefaction frigefaction humectation siccation apertion or some such mutation and therefore sometimes roots or other parts of bitter or insuave hearbs are taken purged and cocted in a sufficient quantity of water being usefull for that purpose and an Apozeme made for many or few doses according to the quantity of the decoction our of the broath percolated dulcorated with sugar or honey and if need be aromatized with Sanders or Cinamon These Apozemes are not onely made in Summer while hearbs are fresh but in Winter also when either none or onely arid ones can he had though then indeed the use of syrups is more frequent which differ from Apozemes onely in coction which should be more valid in syrups that are more crasse and durable than in Apozemes in Winter and Apozemes to Syrups in Summer whereby so that syrups are Vicegerents to Apozemes it seemes two names denote one thing but in Syrups a greater quantity of sugar is requisite to wit the weight of the whole decoction in Apozemes various as sometime the third sometimes the fourth part of sugar or honey to the weight of the decoction for it is sufficient if you put to every pound of the decoction one quadrant that is three ounces of sugar or syrup or at most a trient that is four ounces But when the sapour of the liquour is very ingratefull the weight of the sugar must be augmented and when the Apozeme is made it must be despumed and purged with the white of eggs Apozemes are variously confected according to their severall purposes An opening Apozeme as to remove obstructions thus â„ž The Roots of Asparagras Butchers Broome Saccory Liquorish Raisons stoned of each â„¥ ss of the leaves of Maidenhaire Agrimony Pimpinell Topps of Hopps Mugwort of each m. ss topps of Hysop p. ij The three Cordiall flowers of each p. j. Boyle these in lb. ij ss of water till halfe be cousumed adde to the colature Syrup of Maidenhaire or sugar â„¥ iiij fiat Apozema for foure doses Another to moderate and asswage the fervour of Choller thus â„ž Of the Roots of Succory Wood-sorrell Sorrell of each â„¥ ss Liquorish An Apozeme against choller Currands of each Ê’ iij. Endive Succory Dandilyon Wood-sorrell Fumitory Lettice Purslane of each m. j. White Roses m. ss or the three Cordiall flowers of each p. j. Boyle them in a sufficient quantity of water and in the colature dissolve Syrup of the juice of Wood-sorrell or Lemmons or Sugar of Roses â„¥ iiij aromatize it with yellow SandersÊ’ ss for foure doses CHAP. VII Of Gargarismes GAROARISMES are instituted to the diseases and affections of the Mouth Gumms Palate and throat whose faculty according to Celsus cap. 23. lib. 5. is either levative or repressive or evocative Creame or milk of Barly leviate water wherein lentills or roses or black berryes or quinces or dates have been cocted represses And Mustard Pepper or such sharpe Medicaments evoke But Gargarismes in Actuarius his judgement Cap. 6. lib. 3. Method Medend should not be confected hereof without the admixtion of some sweet things least they should too much offend the gust For when the liquor hausted to the Gurgulio is again revoked to wash the whole concavity of the mouth if it be too sharp it will with its mordacity offend the gustative organs Therefore the sharp simples whereof Gargarismes are confected are either mixed with Hydromel or simple water wherein the syrup of Stecados dry Roses or other such sweet decoction hath been dissolved in such quantity as to abate much of their acrimony or amaritude To educe flegme from the brain or jawes make a Gargarisme thus â„ž PellitoryÊ’ ij Cypress root and Turbith of eachÊ’ iij. A Oargarisme to purge Phlegme from the Braine Elecampane â„¥ j. Tops of Origanum Hysop and Sage of each m. j. boyle them in a pinte and half of water till a third part be consumed in the colature mixe Oximel simplex â„¥ iij. fiat Gargarisma or thus â„ž Liquorish Carthamus seed an â„¥ ss Bay berryes Stavesacre of eachÊ’ iij. Mustard seed white peper an Ê’ ij Galangal Ê’ j. staechados Betony an m. ss boyle them in Hydromel pro Gargarizatu To roborate the mouth and deterge its collutions make one thus A cleanfing Gargarisme â„ž The leaves of the Prune tree tops of Bryers Plantaine Jewscare red Roses an m. j. balaustians tops of Mirtles of each m. ss Barley Berberies of each â„¥ ss boyle them in two pintes of water till half be consumed to the colature add the syrup of dryed Roses of mulherryes of each â„¥ ij mingle them This following Gargarisme conduces to the cure of the French disease in the throat or other part of the mouth â„ž Of Guaicum â„¥ j. Sarsaperilla Sasafras A Gargarisme for an Ulcer in the throat of each â„¥ ss lignum LentisciÊ’ iij. boyle them in two pintes of water till a third part be consumed adding towards the end of the coction LiquorishÊ’ vi Roses Sage and Rosmary of each p. j. with the colature often wash the throat Gargarismes may be used at any time especially in the morning and betwixt meales but they should be new continually for by long keeping they corrupt and rather harme than heale the mouth CHAP. VIII Of Emulsions AS one disease may be cured by many and different Medicaments so may one Medicament cure many and different diseases as the same called by the later Medicks an emulsion which may be accomodated to many uses for it conduces much to the mitigating the griefes of the heart and lungs to the conciliating of sleep to the refrigerating of immoderate heat to the asswaging of the Urines acrimony and extinguishing the ardour of the reins They therefore seem much to be deceived who think that emulsions serve to nothing save the cure of the virulent flux of the sperme for in many things they may be used instead of Apozems and Hordeates when they are confected of brayed seeds which refrigerate leniate move urine or conciliate sleep upon
curation prescribes for a series of words onely demonstrate We have observed this method in our Shop wherein are contained all Medicaments for the expugnation of all diseases not confusedly described but such as must be introsumed are digested in the former part of the Antidotary such as must be extrinsecally adhibited in the latter part thereof The first part is distributed into three Books the first whereof treats of Alterative and Preparative Medicaments the second of Purgatives and the third of Cordials or Roboratives Each Book is disterminated into many Sections and they subdivided into many Chapters the first whereof treats of Syrupes and first of such as are made of the first and Spring-flowers as Syrupe of Violets Syrupe of Coltsfoot and of the flowers of Peach-trees CHAP. 1. Syrupus Violarum or Syrupe of Violets â„ž of Violet flowers fresh and picked 2 lb. Infuse them eight houres in 5 pints of hot scalding water in a close * An Insusionpot The Author appoints an equal quantity of sugar to the infusion pot well glazed afterwards press them out and the same Infusion made hot again adde to it the same quantity as before of fresh Violets Infusing them 8 hours more and so sive times repeated adde to the Colature 10 lb. â„¥ x. of Loaf-sugar and so make it into a Syrupe The COMMENTARY Nature alone confects no Syrups but they acquire their mixtion coction and consistence by Art yet that which is made of Violets Water and Sugar onely is called a simple Syrupe in reference to the more compound which besides these admit of the seeds of Quinces Mallowes Jujubs Sebesten and the water of Gourds whose Authour they make Mesue but that I know of I never found it thus confected in him That which we call the Simple Syrupe is made in every Pharmacopoly but not alike simply confected for it is sometimes made of the succe of Violets and Sugar sometimes of the same infused and expressed twice thrice or oftener for many infuse and macerate new Violets seven times others eight and some nine But Fernelius thinks that so oft iterated infusion is needless They in vain saith he reiterate the maceration of Violets nine times for Syrupe of Violets seeing after the third or fourth infusion the Syrupe will be as efficacious as after more But I think that better which is confected by many infusions Some put the expressed succe of Violets others the conserve of Violets in this syrupe incrassated by coction to make it more Violaceous others make it of pure succe of Violets and white sugar others coct their sugar first to the consistence of an Electuary and afterwards with the said succe of Violets into the crassitude of a syrupe Many put a difference betwixt the syrupe of Violets and the Violaceous syrupe calling that the syrupe of Violets which is made of purged flowers and that violaceous which is made of integral and not purged ones and this indeed hath less of Violets faculties in it but it is more solutive for the herbaceous part is emollitive as well as its leaves some put onely four pounds of sugar to five of succe and coct it into the consistence of a syrupe Syrupe of Violets breaks the acrimony of Choler tempers the heat of the bowels subduces the belly Qualitates and conduces to the vices of the breast It is a special auxiliatory in pectoral and lateral inflammations and against the roughness of the Aspera arteria and is very good against the heat of Fevers cholerick and acute diseases the ardour of the intrails and will quench thirst CHAP. 2. Syrupus Tusilaginis or Syrupe of Coltsfoot â„ž of Coltsfoot fresh m. vj. Maiden-hair m. ij Hyssop m.j. Liquorice â„¥ ij boyl them in four pintes of water till the fourth part be consumed let the Colature be clarified and adde thereunto of the finest sugar lb iij. boyl it up to a Syrupe The COMMENTARY This syrupe is denominated from Tussilage as from its basis which ingredes it in greater quantity Its author is uncertain and thence its preparation various But we have exhibited the best description appointing the four prescribed simples to be cocted in four pounds of water but lightly Those that make this syrupe in the beginning of the spring take only the flowers of Tussilage those that make it in summer adde as much of the green leaves as they take of its green flowers Some make it in the middle of summer onely of the succe of its leaves depurated and sugar it may be very well made of the decoction of the flowers and sugar and be called simple syrupe in reference to the former more compound which admits of the true Maidens-hair in stead whereof Polytrichum may be substituted It helps shortness and difficulty of breathing the asperity of the windpipe it cocts moves and expectorates spittle but it must be licked like an Eclegm that it may stick longer in the Osophage and reach the amplitude of the asper artery CHAP. 3. Syrupus florum Persicorum Or Syrupe of the flowers of Peaches Tree â„ž of Peach flowers fresh lb j. Infuse them in three pintes of warme Water for xij hours afterwards Boyl them a little and express them and let the like quantity of flowers be again infused in the same Colature and this repeated five times and to the Colature adde lb iij. of sugar which Boyl into a Syrupe The COMMENTARY This syrupe is either made of the fruits or the flowers of the Peach-tree that which is made of its fruits is seldom in use as Christophorus Mesues commentator confesses and it is made in the beginning of Autume as that of the flowers in the beginning of the Spring Three things require that this syrupe be made of fewer infusions to wit the loss penury and amaritude of the flowers the loss of the flowers which can be regained by no Art for the flowers being evelled new ones grow not again that year and the tree remains fruitless the Penury of them for this tree is sative onely and without culture bears no fruit their Amaritude which will be more intolerable by how much the infusions are more This syrupe educes water and choler Vires kills worms frees the Mesentery from infarctures for it opens the passages incides and educes the humours CHAP. 4. Syrupus de Lupulo Or Syrupe of Hops â„ž of the clarified juyce of Hops lb iiij the juyce of Fumatory lb ij white sugar lb vj. Boyl them according to Art and make it into a Syrupe The COMMENTARY All do not describe this syrupe alike for some make it onely of the succe of Hops and Sugar others adde the succe of Fumatory to whose judgment I rather incline for thus its faculties are bettered it must not be made till the season in the Spring be pretty hot for till then the Fumatory whose succe is required appears not otherwise it must onely be made of the succe of Hops depurated and Sugar cocted to legitimate
spissitude It allayes the heat of the intrails Vires attenuates cold and crass humours educes hot ones it conduces to the Jaundies Leprosie and all diseases caused by obstructions CHAP. 5. Syrupus Rosarum Pallid or Syrupe of Damask Roses â„ž of Damask Roses fresh lb vj. infuse them eight hours in a close vessel in lb xv of warm Water afterwards express the flowers and let the same quantity be again infused and this repeated nine times and to the Colature adde an equal weight of Sugar to the infusion and so Boyl it into a Syrupe The COMMENTARY Some put not so much sugar to it but coct it longer till it grow thick and then it is more purgative but less grateful to the palate many following Mesues advice keep the first though twice-iterated infusion in a glass well operculated putting Oyl upon it and insolating it forty days and they call this maceration of Roses not expressed but infused Mucharum Rosarum But lest some should judge us unmindeful of our purpose because promising to treat here onely of Alterative and Preparative Medicaments we have adjoyned syrupe of Roses which is absolutely Purgative we Answer that we describe the most usual syrupes in the same order that the season of the year gives them not remitting the Purgative which are very few till we treat of such Medicaments besides these that do purge they do it so ignavely that they are rather Preparatives then Purgatives It is alterative and Hydragogous for it tempers hotter humours Vires educes watry ones from very remote parts if it be taken in great quantity when it is new made it is more Purgative when older less it may safely be given to old men and children CHAP. 6. Syrupe of Hispidula or Aelurope vulgarly called Cats-foot â„ž of the tops of the flowers of Cats-foot lb j. infuse them a whole night and day in warm water lb v. afterwards Boyl them gently upon a small fire till lb iiij of the Colature remains to which adde Sugar lb iij. and so boyl it into a Syrupe The COMMENTARY It is fure enough that this syrupe hath been but of late use for they of our age invented it and being imboldened by much experience approved of it Joannes Gonerius a Parisian Apothecary and perite Medick first made it at Paris who seeing the Plant whereof it was made coming from the Turenian fields sought and found great plenty of it in fields near Paris and of them he made his syrupe annually not borrowing elswhere It is variously called to wit Hispudula Guaphilium Coronario Aelurope or Cats-foot and improperly Harts-foot This syrupe is multifariously made and yet none hath hitherto published its confections some onely take the summities of the Plant or its Down and macerate them in water others take its flowers and leaves to whom I easily assent for thus it becomes more astrictive and more convenient to stay fluxes others adde to its decoction Liquorice Jujubs Raisins Barley and other bechical matters But this description we have exhibited is most usual whereunto if we adde half a pound of rosaceous sugar its quality will be more bechical and cordial and its sapour more gracious The manner of its preparation is so easie that it needs no further dilucidation then that which is in its perspicuous description if no Plant but the dry one can be got then its quantity must be less and the waters greater This syrupe is eximious against many affections of the Lungs for Vires Aelurope or Hispudula being a vulnerary Plant and astrictive it doth not onely cure wounds and hinder Ulcers but heal many other vices It is most convenient for such as have fluxes descending into their breast or have their Lungs infarciated with much pituitous humours for it cohibits the violence of the falling humour cocts the flux roborates the part affected and moves expectoration CHAP. 7. Syrupus Papaveris simp or The Simple Syrupe of Poppy Mes â„ž of the heads of white and black Poppy of each â„¥ xij ss macerate them a whole day in lb iiij of rain-Rain-water and to lb j. of the Colature adde Sugar and Penidees of each â„¥ vj. or lb ss and so boyl them into the consistency of a Syrupe The COMMENTARY Mesue calls this syrupe Simple in reference to the more compound whose confection hath many lenitives as the seeds of Lettice Mallows Quinces Jujubs Maidens-hair also and Liquorice ingrede whereunto if need be Fernelius would have syrupe of Violets or Jujubs to make up this simple syrupe he advises also to adde less of black Poppy because its use is not safe and augment the quantity of the white To which assertion Joubertus assents against Rondeletius and prescribes forty dragms of the black to eighty of the white Vulgar Apothecaries call this Syrupe Diacodium but imperitely for Diacodium is reposed among the Opiates yet one may supply the defect of the other when sleep should be conciliated Poppies heads by Galens advice must be so long cocted after maceration till they be flaccid and marcid and not till the third or fourth part of the water be left for we cannot express their succe but when they are marcid and therefore it is in vain to coct them longer Rain-water is the best in defect whereof we may use fountain-water if it be limpid insipid and void of qualities and therefore the water conducted in leaden pipes must not be accepted because there is mud in them and hence he that drinks the dregs of such water will be overtaken with the Dysentery though in other cases they be wholesome The Ancients Diacodium was made in form of an Opiate and very ungrateful for it admitted of no sugar but many insuave and it is probable useless things it is not now made but in its stead this syrupe made of the decoction of Poppies heads and sugar which many call improperly Diacodium Syrupe of Poppy conciliates sleep Vires mitigates the temper of the cholerick humour and allayes the Cough it becomes more bechical by the access of Penidia which the Arabians call Alphenicum because of its whiteness for it is a most white confection of sugar so long cocted in the decoction of Barley till it acquires a ductile consistence and may be handled ducted and formed with ones hands into Pastils and Rowls intorted like ropes CHAP. 8. Syrupus Papaveris Erratici or Syrupe of Red-Poppy â„ž of the infusion of Red-Poppies twice or thrice reiterated lb ij Sugar lb j. ss Sugar of Roses â„¥ iiij boyl it into a Syrupe according to Art The COMMENTARY Some contend that this syrupe should be made of more infusions but two or three are sufficient for in so poriferous Medicaments no intenseness of faculties are requisite moreover so many infusions will make the colour and sapour of the syrupe more ingrateful The proportion of water to the sugar is the same in this with that in syrupe of Roses None of the Ancients spoke of this syrupe of Poppy but
the later age found it good against the Pleurisie at the beginning thereof for it is astrictive roborative bechical and hypnotical it cohibits the humours falling down from the head upon the lungs and that it may better effect this some sugar of Roses must be added it may be safely given from half an ounce to an ounce and a half and to two ounces to the more valid especially if the Pleurisie be but beginning or not farre gone for it will either stay the former flux or hinder the rising of another CHAP. 9. Syrupus Nympheae or Syrupe of Water-Lillies â„ž of Water-Lillies lb ij infuse them six or seven hours in hot boyling water lb iij. afterwards boyl them a little and to the Colature adde again the same quantity of fresh flowers and let this be repeated three times and to the Colature adde an equal quantity of Sugar to boyl it up into a Syrupe The COMMENTARY Some make this syrupe onely of one infusion but that is more efficacious which is confected of two or three the green herbaceous and flave part also of the flower should be rejected and onely the white retained This is simple in reference to one more compound described by Franciscus-Pedomontanus which is seldome used because the Simple one is more easie of preparation and no less efficacious Moreover the description of the Compound is by some disallowed of by some changed by some the quantity of its ingredients is augmented by others diminished its description is well known This syrupe refrigerates much Vires cohibits venereous dreams restrains the immoderate flux of the sperm conciliates sleep allayes the heat of the bowels and abates the ardour of Fevers CHAP. 10. Syrupus Capil vener Com. or Syrupe of common Maiden-hair â„ž of the true Maiden-hair of the common Maiden-hair wall-Rue Spleen-wort Salvia vita of each m.j. Liquorice bruised â„¥ ij infuse them twelve hours in a sufficient quantity of water afterwards boyl them gently till it comes to lb v. adde to the Colature White Sugar lb iiij and so make it into a Syrupe The COMMENTARY This is the most usual description of this syrupe whereunto some adde Raisins and Liquorice others Jujubs but none of these please Fernelius who thinks that the syrupe is made more ignave and weak by the admistion hereof but Liquorice may be added for besides its sweetness it hath a quality like the capillaries yet some reject it because it makes the syrupe more flave but the quality and vertue must be more looked after then the colour The Parisian Apothecaries make it accurately according to the description here given and it is most eximiously Medicinal they that do otherwise mixing but a small quantity of capillaries and macerating them lightly make indeed a pellucid syrupe but both in colour and vertue aqueous and so defraud the Patient of his expectation and the Physician of his scope This is the most celebrated of Preparative syrupes Vires for it is very useful to oppugne all affections of the breast liver spleen reins uterus and to tenuate and prepare humours for it tempers and cocts choler incides phlegme makes the melancholical humour easie to be expurged yea often subduces the belly by much use it moves expectoration incides and cocts the humours contained in the Lungs and educes them by a second purge CHAP. 11. Syrupus capel Vener Monspelie or Syrupe of Monspelian Maidens-hair â„ž of Maiden-hair fresh and cut m.ij. infuse it twelve hours in a sufficient quantity of water afterwards boyl it a little clarifie the Colature and to lb v. thereof adde lb iiij of Sugar to boyl it up into a Syrupe The COMMENTARY This syrupe is most frequently and simply compounded in the City Montpessier being onely made of the light decoction of true Maidens-hair clarified and sugar cocted to the consistence of a syrupe For thus it is most grateful both in colour and sapour and yet that is more grateful to the palate which admits of Rose-water which is adjected by the Court-Apothecaries that they may by guile rather then science gain their Princes and Nobles grace and get their money by subtilty It is of affine qualities but more imbecile then that which admits of all the Capillaries and Liquorice for it is more ignave in inciding and attenuating the humours and opening the passages and that is most imbecile which admits of rose-Rose-water Vires for its faculty being somewhat astrictive reluctates with those of the Capillaries CHAP. 12. Syrupus de quinta radicibus or Syrupe of the five opening roots â„ž of the root of Smallage Fennel Parsly Butchers broom Asparagrass of each â„¥ iiij boyl them in a sufficient quantity of water till it comes to lb iiij adde thereunto as much Sugar as will make it up into a Syrupe according to art The COMMENTARY The roots must be first cleansed then washed cut in pieces their middle cut out and rejected then brayed and cocted some would have the coction made in eight pounds of water cocted to five whereunto when strained and clarified they adde four pound of Sugar which manner and proportion I approve of Some would have some Vinegar added to the decoction that its incisive faculty may be augmented but when use calls for it it may be diluted in some attenuating opening or other fit liquour as the Medicks scope requires Some make it onely of two roots to wit Petroseline and Fennel roots but seeing it is less efficacious and the other roots easily attainable it is better to make it with five roots and then they shall not need that which is made of two But if one more studious of curiosity then necessity would rather have it of two let him take of Petroseline and Fennel-roots each four ounces coct them in a sufficient quantity of water and adde to two pounds of the colature two pounds of Sugar and make a syrupe It incides and attenuates crass and glutinous humours Vires diduces the passages removes obstructions expels Urine moves fluors ejects sand and emends the foetid colour of Virgins and the Jaundies CHAP. 13. Syrupus de Althea or Syrupe of Marshmallows Des Fer. â„ž of the roots of Marshmallows â„¥ ij red Licers â„¥ i. of the roots of Grass Asparagrass Liquorice Raisins stoned of each â„¥ ss the tops of Marsh-mallowes Mallowes Pellitory Pimpinel Plantain both the Maiden-hairs of each m j. of the four greater and lesser coole seeds of eachÊ’ iij. boyl them in lb vj. of water till four remain and with lb iij. of Sugar make it up into a Syrupe The COMMENTARY The use of this syrupe is much celebrated in Paris both for its eximious faculties and its Authors dignity to whom posterity is much engaged for his illustration of the Medicinal Art and for those many Medicaments wherewith he hath furnished Apothecaries shops Syrupe of Althea is most useful to sanative Medicks its preparation is thus The roots must first be purged and washed then cocted afterwards the Liquorice
must be cocted for by long coction it grows bitter then the herbs and afterwards the seeds be made in water to the dissipation of its third part Why liquorice must not be long boyled for longer coction makes the decoction more viscid all the Simples whereof it consists are dilucidly explicated in the first Book of Medicinal Matter This syrupe expurges crass and pituitous matters Qualitates takes away obstructions impels the sand in the Reins and abates the heat of Urine CHAP. 14. Syrupus de Cichor comp cum Rhaeo or Syrupe of Succory compounded with Rhabarb Des Nic. Florent â„ž of the roots of Smallage Fennel Asparagrass Barley whole of each â„¥ ij The herbs of Succory Dandilyon Endive smooth Sowthistle of each â„¥ ij both the Lettices Liverwort Fumatory Hops an m.j. both the Maiden-hairs Wall-rue Ceterach Liquorice Winter-cherries the seeds of Dodder of eachÊ’ vj. Boyl these in lb xij of water or a sufficient quantity till a third part be consumed to the Colature adde lb vj. of Sugar which boyl up to a Syrupe and in the boyling to every pound of the Syrupe adde of Rhabarb â„¥ ss and Spikenard ℈ iiij tyed up in a rag and hung in the Syrupe The COMMENTARY Nicolaus Praepositus whom most Apothecaries have as president doubles the quantity of Rhabarb prescribed eight times and addes four ounces of Rhabarb to every pound of syrupe so that for every ounce of syrupe there are four dragms of Rhabarb and thus it is made all over Paris That it may be exhibited when use calls for it without delay some onely quadruplicate or triplicate the quantity This so ample quantity of Rhabarb displeases Fernelius Joubertus and others as being of no utility but much loss who think that it were more profitable when use calls for it to infuse some Rhabarb in a convenient decoction and mix it with the syrupe because its purgative faculty perishes by coction and asservation Yet they act prudently that make it with eight times as much Rhabarb though its faculties be more imbecile yet it hath other qualities thereby bettered The syrupe of Succory compounded with Rhabarb is alliotical Qualitates roborative and purgative it allayes the heat of the intrails demulceates the acrimony of choler opens the veins takes away obstructions roborates the â—â—â—r gently purges the stomack and upper region of the body educes hot and pituitous humours if it be assumed in great quantity it helps in all bilious diseases and it may be given safely to all ages and sexes That which is made without Rhabarb is called Simple syrupe though it admit of all the described Simples except Rhabarb and Spikenard But there is one farre more Simple made onely of the succe of Succory depurated and Sugar cocted to a legitimate spissitude Both of them are good for such as have hot livers stomacks and fevers and such as labour under the ardour of bowels and obstructions CHAP. 15. Syrupus de Endivia simplex or the Simple Syrupe of Endive â„ž of the Juyce of Endive clarified lb viij of white Sugar lb v. boyl them into a Syrupe The COMMENTARY Some conceive that this syrupe should be made of the succe of wilde Succory and Sugar others will rather have it of Endive because it is more refrigerative and not so bitter in other qualities they agree But seeing Intubus is the genus to all the differences of sative Succory as Endive and Broadleaf The syrupe may be made of each succe without discrepance and yet be called the Simple syrupe of Endive or Intubus nay some in a larger acceptation call it Syrupe of Succory there being so much affinity both in form and faculty betwixt the sorts of Succory and Intubus that each may be used for other without any manifest errour It mitigates the ardour of the Liver Vires extinguishes the heat of Fevers and obtunds Choler CHAP. 16. Syrupus de Fumar. simpl or The Simple Syrupe of Fumatory â„ž of the juyce of Fumatory clarified lb ij ss Sugar lb ij boyl it into a Syrupe according to Art The COMMENTARY There are two descriptions of the syrupe of Fumatory the one more compound consisting of more ingredients the other less consisting onely of the succe of Fumatory and Sugar The first being hard to make they often put to young Apprentices at Paris to try their ingeny and a syrupe prepared of those Simples which are described in its form is very insuave in odour and sapour and black of colour and therefore it cannot be an Alterative Medicament because ingrateful and ignave nor yet Purgative because inefficacious it is better therefore to keep the Simple syrupe in Pharmacopolies Now that it may be rightly made the succe of the Fumatory must be depurated in the sun when clarified mixed with an equal weight of sugar if the syrupe must be sweet if not less But when the Fumatory's amaritude would be ingrateful it must be dulcorated with more sugar Now Fumatory is a vulgar Plant whereof there are two sorts the one Hortensian and bulbous which is seldome used in Medicine the other equally growing in cultivated and incultivated fields of whose succe this syrupe is made It frees the Hypochondria from obstructions mitigates choler Vires prepares Melancholy succe and cures such Feavers as arise from the hot distemper of the Liver CHAP. 17. Syrupus de Fumaria major or The greater Syrupe of Fumatory D. Mes â„ž Mirobalan Citreor Chebul of each â„¥ ij ss of the flowers of Bugloss Borrage Violets the leaves of Wormwood Dodder of each â„¥ j. Liquorice Rose-leaves of each â„¥ ss Epithymus Polypody of the Oak of eachÊ’ vij Prunes a hundred Raisins stoned lb ss Tamarinds Pulp Cassia of each â„¥ ij Boyl them a little in water from lb x. till lb iij. remains to the Colature of which adde of the Juyce of Fumatory clarified and white sugar of each lb iij. make it into a syrupe according to Art The COMMENTARY But that I have seen this syrupe in many shops I should willingly have omitted it for many will reject it and think it not worth the description because of its sapour and colour Besides its description prescribes no order for its composition but it begins sometimes with Mirobolambs sometimes with Flowers sometimes with Plants leaves and sometimes with Roots and Fruits But that this composition may be rightly peracted first Polypody must be contunded and elixated whereunto when moderately cocted Prunes Raisins Wormwood Epithymum Binde-weed Roses and Liquorice must be added then all must boyl together till seven pounds of the water be absumed onely the flowers must be added a little before Sugar must be added to the Colature and all cocted to the consistency of a syrupe in the cocting the expressions of Cassia Tamarinds and Mirobolambs must be added and so the syrupe besides its other faculties will be Purgative It gently subduces the belly opens the passages Vires removes obstructions takes away all
affections and vices of the skin arising from salt or adust humours CHAP. 4. Syrupus Buglossi Or Syrupe of Bugloss ℞ of the Juyce of Bugloss clarified lb vj. of the flowers of the same lb j. boyl them a little and to the Colature ad lb iiij of sugar boyl it up into the consistency of a Syrupe The COMMENTARY This syrupe being easie to make and of eximious faculties may not be omitted That it may be duly made the brayed Bugloss must lie in a moist and cold place a whole night or a day then it must be calified and expressed for its succe being viscid will not otherwise be easily educed when it is expressed it must stand to subside Some contund the flowers of Bugloss and coct them a little in that succe when clarified others coct them in water and affund the colature with sugar upon the succe all which they coct to the consistence of a syrupe Some take onely the leaves others the roots of Bugloss but I hold the whole Bugloss more convenient Syrupe of Borrages succe is made after the same manner and works the same effects so that he that hath the one needs not the other It is good for such as are marcid with long grief and sadness Vires labour under the Hypochondriacal melancholy or splenatick affections CHAP. 19. Syrupus de succo Acetosae or Syrupe of the Juyce of Sorrel D. Mes ℞ of the Juyce of Sorrel depurated in the sun lb iij. white sugar lb ij Boyl them together and make it up into a syrupe The COMMENTARY This is the most Simple of syrupes some make it after the same manner with the former others coct sugar to the consistence of a solid Electuary whereunto they afterwards adde the depurated and percolated succe then fervefie the mixture till it attain the consistence of a syrupe But more frequently they coct purge and percolate the succe and mix it with clarified sugar which they coct to a syrupe but then its faculties are more imbecile This syrupe Vires according to Mesue its Authour abates bilious and pestilent fevers extinguishes the flammeous ardour of the heart and ventricles and contemperates the aestuating bowels CHAP. 20. Syrupus Acetatus simplex or The simple of Syrupe of Vinegar or Oxysacharum D. Mes ℞ of the purest Sugar lb v. fountain-Fountain-water lb iiij boyl them together till half the water be consumed then adde white-wine Vinegar lb ij or 3 or 4 lb. according to the accidity required and so boyl it up into the consistency of a Syrupe The COMMENTARY Though this syrupe may be made at any time yet we subjoyn it to the former because they have much affinity betwixt their faculties it is called Oxysacharum for the Vinegar and Sugar whereof it consists That it may be rightly made Mesue would have it cocted in Earthen Tinne or a Stone-vessel not Brass or Copper as some do some would have distilled Vinegar but its quality being very sharp it hurts the ventricle and nerves the common Vinegar is better and more accommodate whose various proportions the Authour may prescribe as the Medick would have it sharper or less sharp It refrigerates hot humours incides crass and viscid ones Qualitates attenuates and prepares them for expulsion it arceates putretude quenches thirst and allayes the inflammation of the bowels Myrepsus exhibits another simple syrupe of Vinegar whose use I approve of and it is thus described ℞ Vinegar ℥ iiij Juyce of Pomegranates ℥ viij sugar lb j. boyl it up to a fit consistency It is made as the former and both of them are called Simple syrupes in distinction to another more compound whose description Nic. Praepositus gives But seeing it is of rare or no use we shall omit it This incides crass humours moves and impels them if inherent Vires allays calid humours refrigerates the heat of the ventricle and liver and emends the corruption of the humours or any syrupe of Vinegar kills worms whether in the Intestines or in the Veins as I saw in one of Paris in whose basilical Vein was a worm of a palms length CHAP. 21. Syrupus de Byzant simp comp or The Syrupe of Dynari or the Byzantian Syrupe both Simple and Compound ℞ of the Juyce of Endive Smallage of each lb ij Hops Bugloss Borrage of each lb j. boyl them a little and clarifie them and to lb iiij of the Colature adde lb ij ss of sugar to make it up into a Syrupe The Compound you may thus confect ℞ of the aforesaid Juyces rightly clarified lb iiij in which boyl Rose-leaves ℥ ij Liquorice ℥ ss the seeds of Annis Fennel and Smallage of eachʒ iij. spikenardʒ iij. strain it and adde Vinegar lb ij the whitest sugar lb ij ss or lb iij. boyl them according to Art to the consistency of a Syrupe The COMMENTARY Both the syrupes are usually made but he may omit the Simple one that makes the Compound as also the Compound syrupe of Vinegar for it will supply the want of both The Arabians call it Dynari because it purges the Ureters not from Denarium a piece of Money as some think neither can I credit Bern Dessennius who saith That this Name was invented by an inept and covetous fellow who by Dynari portended some sum of Money It is called the Byzantian syrupe from Byzantium or Constantinople where it is very frequent or was invented or else because Mesue had its description from some Byzantian Medick This syrupe opens Vires incides and attenuates it frees the Liver from obstructions as also the Spleen and Mesentery it helps the Jaundies moves fluors and cures Fevers which arise from viscid humours CHAP. 22. Syrupus de Moris comp or The compounded Syrupe of Mulberries ℞ of the Juyce of Mulberries not altogether ripe lb ss of the Juyce of red Black * Before they be ripe berries honey despumed of each lb j. ⸪ Wine boyled to a good consistence sapa ℥ iiij boyl these according to Art to the consistency of a syrupe The COMMENTARY As in stead of Diacodium which was made in form of an Opiate we use now the simple syrupe of Poppies so in stead of Diamorum the syrupe of Mulberries to whose confection some now adde the succe of Rassberries and of Straw-berries thus confecting it of three kindes of Berries others leave both out and sape also the succes must be cocted with honey to the consistence of a syrupe which is more dilute then Diamorum or Rob of Mulberries which is now seldome made most using this compound syrupe in its stead The simple syrupe of Mulberries also is very good which is made of their succe and sugar whereunto if you adde a little rose-Rose-water it will be more grateful and efficacious in roborating and staying fluxes The compound syrupe cures the eroding Ulcers of the mouth Vires the affections of the teeth and gums the relaxation of the uvula or flesh in
the orifice of the throat and all vices of the mouth It may be taken alone out of a spoon or diluted in some convenient decoction in form of a Gargarism CHAP. 23. Syrupus Ribes Berberis or Syrupe of Red-Currans or Berberries â„ž of the Juyce of Red-Currans or Berberries lb iiij sugar lb ij ss boyl them according to Art to the consistence of a Syrupe The COMMENTARY The vulgar French call this Grossula rubra the Moors Riben and the shop-men Ribes they are small round red fruits racemously coherent pregnant with much succe and small stones which tunded and pressed emit a succe which after clarification and colation must be mixed with sugar but the sugar must be added in less quantity to this then other cold succes because this succe will keep long without corruption and because by too much sugar its pergrateful acidity will be obtunded and the syrupe weakened Berberries succe must also be so extracted and so cocted with sugar into a syrupe Berberries is a word deduced from Avicenna's Amyrberis which Dodoneus makes Oxyacantha Syrupe of Ribes or Berberries stayes bilious vomiting Vires cures hot Fevers and Heart-aches quenches thirst and cohibits the immoderate Belly-flux CHAP. 24. Syr. de Agresta seu de Omphacio or The Syrupe of sowre Grapes â„ž of the Juyce of sowre Grapes depurated by residence lb v. white sugar lb iij. boyl them together to a Syrupe The COMMENTARY Mesue makes it as the syrupe of the succe of Citrons therefore he confects it of Omphacium and a Julep which is of water and sugar in a Tinne or Potters-vessel not in a brasen or copper one the Omphacium must first be cocted to the thirds then the sugar must be added which must first be cocted in thrice as much water and clarified then the mixture must be fervefied into the consistence of a fyrupe Some saith Mesue adde Cloves but they are better left out Their custome is commendable who first coct sugar to the consistence of an Electuary whereunto they then adde the succe and coct them lightly into a syrupe whereinto they inject the succe of immature Grapes that it may be more acid This syrupe benefits the heart Vires stayes vomitings and the bilious flux of the Belly quenches thirst allayes the heat of the Bowels recreates the stomack loaden with hot humours cures bilious Fevers and is good against poysons Mesue CHAP. 25. Syrupus Limonum Granat or Syrupe of Lemmons and Pomegranates â„ž the Juyce of Lemmons or Pomegranates depurated in the sun and trajected thorow a woollen strainer lb v. white sugar lb iij. boyl them gently to the consistency of a syrupe The COMMENTARY These two Syrupes are joyntly described because their Preparations are one the proportion of sugar to their succes the same and their faculties similar and affine Some coct the sugar to the consistence of a solid Electuary whereupon they affund their limpid succe agitate it with a Spatula and by gentle coction reduce it to a Syrupe And this preparation is good for thus the faculty of the succes is not obtunded by the fire but preserved whole and entire others elixate the succes to the consumption of their third part and thereupon affund a simple Julep and coct them into a Syrupe Some take the succes and dilute them in twice as much sugar and withall califie them together that they may better become a Syrupe and the Syrupe thus confected will keep best and hath a very idoneous consistence So the succes be acid enough it may also be made by insolation without fire by the addition of more sugar But the method prescribed is the easiest shortest and best way of making it and most in use Syrupe of Oranges and many other fruits may also be thus confected The syrupe of Lemmons asswages continual pestilent Vires and contagious Fevers and all diseases accompanied with great ardour it emends also the corruption of humours heart-ach and other heart-affections The syrupe of Pomegranates also recreates the heart arceates putretude cures the diseases and vomitings of choler and stayes Belly-fluxes CHAP. 26. Syrupus Citoniorum simplex or The simple Syrupe of Quinces â„ž of the Juyce of Quinces lb x. boyl it till half be consumed let it stand two dayes to settle afterwards strain it and adde to it sugar lb iij. boyl it up into a syrupe The COMMENTARY The manner of confecting this syrupe is various for some adde Wine others Vinegar others both and many Aromata's and so make it a compound syrupe Some would have it more simple and make it without cocture purging its succe by residence and insolation then having clarified it with sugar percolate and coct it some dilute the sugar in water and coct it well and then adject the succe and elixate them a little into a syrupe others make it otherwise but the description we have given is most usual easie and best This syrupe roborates the ventricle stayes vomiting Vires represses belly-fluxes helps such as labour under the Dysentery Cholick bloody-flux immoderate flux of fluors or Haemorrhoids and stayes distillations falling from the head to the breast and inferiour parts CHAP. 27. Syrupus de Pomis simplex or the simple Syrupe of Apples â„ž of the Juyce of sweet-Apples the Juyce of sower-Apples of each lb v. boyl them till half be consumed then let it stand that it may settle afterwards strain it and with lb iij. of sugar make it into a syrupe The COMMENTARY Some to the confection of this syrupe select the succe of Redolent others of Russetins to whom I willingly assent though Rondeletius refragate who disproves the succe of Russetins upon very infirm grounds because their flesh is hard the succe of those they call Apples of Paradise is also very laudable Some immerge silk newly tincted with scarlet in the succe either before or after depuration till it be red and receive the vertue of the tincture and so become more excellent others put Orange-juyce to it but the description tradited is best according to Mesue Such Apples must be selected as are not onely fragrant with their suavity to recreate the heart but also subacid to exhilarate the parts appertaining to the hearts Oeconomy arceate putretude and contemperate Melancholical humours This syrupe of Apple-juyce incides and diminishes Melancholical humours Vires moves sudour abates the hearts palpitation helps its trembling and debility and according to Mesue prohibits swounding so that it is of perpetual use CHAP. 28. Syrupus Regis Saboris or King Sabor's syrupe D. Mes â„ž of the Juyce of sweet-smelling Apples lb iij. the clarified Juyce of Bugloss and Borage Let the Saffron be hung in a Nodule whilest the syrupe is a boyling of each lb ij the Leaves of Senna picked from its stalksÊ’ iiij Amseed â„¥ ss SaffronÊ’ ij sugar lb iiij boyl these according to Art to the consistency of a syrupe The COMMENTARY No Pharmacopoly should be without this eximious
syrupe to whose confection Senny must first be a little brayed then macerated a whole natural day with Anise in the succes described afterwards once or twice fervefied and strained the expression strained and clarified must be cocted into a syrupe Saffron bound in a linen cloth may be cocted in it it took its name from Sabor King of the Medes for the conservation of whose sanity it was invented and instituted It recreates the vital spirits Vires exhilarates the mind contemperates and purges melancholick humours attenuates crass and viscid humours discusses flatuosity gently subduces the belly and purifies the blood CHAP. 29. Syrupus Myrtinus comp or the compound Syrupe of Myrtle â„ž of the berries of the Myrtle-tree â„¥ ij ss white Sanders * Rhois Culinariae red Sumach Pomgranate flowers Berberies red Roses of each â„¥ j. ss Medlars lb ss let these be bruised and boyled in lb viij of water till it come to lb iiij adde thereunto of the Juyce of Quinces and Pomgranates of each lb ij Sugar lb v. boyl it to a syrupe The COMMENTARY This syrupe holds its old composition wherein many astrictives are mixed together to supply the defect of Myrtle-berries which are very rare whereof if there were any plenty it were better to make the syrupe onely of their succe and Sugar Valerius Cordus mixes it with the succe of wild Apples Fernelius of acid Pomegranates which I like not It roborates the ventricle and bowels Vires abates the antiquate belly-flux prohibits the eruption of blood and the deflux of all humours from the head to the inferiour parts CHAP. 30. Syrupus Menthae simp comp or the simple and compound Syrupe of Mint D. Mes â„ž of the Juyces of Mint clarified sweet Pomegranates and sowre of each lb j. Sugar and Honey as much as will make it into a syrupe The Compound is thus made â„ž of the Juyces of sweet and dulcoacid Quinces of acid and dulcoacid Pomegranates of each lb j. ss Muzorum Acido-dulcium macerate in these for 24 hours dried Mint lb j. ss red Roses â„¥ ij boyl them till half be consumed to the Colature adde lb ij of sugar and in the boyling hang in a ragÊ’ ij of Gallia Moschata The COMMENTARY These syrupes by the consent of the Author may be made either with Honey or Sugar but that is better and more suave which admits of Sugar whereof Fernelius addes twice the quantity to the succe but the more usual way of confecting the compound admits of onely two pounds of Sugar as Mesue hints who in his own idiome calls Dulcoacid and Semi-mature fruits Muzae that is pleasant for then their sapour arrides the stomack He that hath the compound needs not the simple But if the Mint be dry its quantity is greater for it is enough that one pound ten ounces be cocted in the succes and as much Sugar added to this Colature for it will be very insuave if made as Mesue describes it It roborates the ventricle hinders heart-aches vomiting Vires sighing and belly-flux but the more compounded is better SECT II. Of Syrupes which may be made at any time IN the first Section we described in order such Syrupes as should be confected in the Spring Summer and Autumn for the end of the precedent season being one with the beginning of the consequent those Syrupes which are made in the end of the Spring may as well be made in the beginning of Summer so that I would not disterminate the former Thirty Syrupes into exact Sections yet we have given their description in such order as the collection of the Simples required placing those first which are made of the first flowers of the Spring those last which are made of fruits in Autumn and those in the middle which are made of flowers roots succes and decoctions in Summer But in this Section we shall onely exhibit such as are or may be made in Winter or other seasons CHAP. 1. Syr. Rosar siccan or Syrupe of dry Roses D. Fernel â„ž of dryed * Red Roses Roses lb j. Infuse them 24 hours in hot boyling water lb iiij in the expression mix of the finest sugar lb ij boyl it up to the corsistency of a syrupe The COMMENTARY Every one confects this syrupe after his own arbitration one while augmenting another while lessening the quantity of Roses sometimes iterating their maceration twice and sometimes oftner But no description can be more exact then this of Fernelius wherein is observed a due proportion of Roses to the water and of both to sugar and this syrupe confected with one maceration is all out as efficacious as any but red Roses must be selected not white or pale ones It stayes the belly-flux Vires roborates the internal parts gently deterges and agglutinates Ulcers asswages vomiting and cohibits Rheumatism CHAP. 2. Syrupus Reg. sive Alexand. c. or The Princely or Alexandrian Syrupe of old called The Julep of Roses â„ž of Damask rose-Rose-water lb iij. loaf-Loaf-sugar lb ij boyl it gently to a Syrupe The COMMENTARY He that considers this syrupe's perspicuity would with Mesue call it a Julep its consistence a Syrupe and its suavity a syrupe for Alexander or some Prince for both Kings and delicate persons delight to use it It is easie to make and may be made at any time and no Pharmacopoly can well be without it though our Ancestors knew not of it being not of skill to elicite Rhodostagme or rose-Rose-water Mesue describes another Julep of Roses made of their infusion after which manner two syrupes may be made one of pale Roses which is purgative and another of dry ones but neither of them are justly called Juleps This syrupe is cordial bechical roborative and alterative Vires helping the breast liver ventricle thirst and all ardour CHAP. 3. Syrupus de Absinthio or Syrupe of Wormwood D. Mes â„ž of dryed Roman Wormwood lb ss Roses â„¥ ij SpikenardÊ’ iij. old white-wine Juyce of Quinces of each lb ij ss macerate them a whole day upon hot embers afterwards boyl them till half be consumed and to the Colature adde clarified honey lb ij to make it into a Syrupe The COMMENTARY Dry Pontian or Roman Wormwood must be taken and minutely incided that it may be infunded with Roses and Spikenard in generous Wine as Muskadine or the like in an Earthen vessel leaded 24 hours upon the hot ashes that done they must be fervefied once or twice afterwards honey or rather sugar must be added some make two sorts one of honey and vulgar wormwood the other of sugar and lesser wormwood Some make this syrupe of one half pound of green wormwood in three pounds of water cocted to the third adding to the colature clear generous and ancient white-wine and the best white honey of each one pound and coct them to the consistence of a syrupe Which-ever of these wayes it is made it is very ingrateful and thence many rightly diminish the
quantity of the wormwood and augment the sugar for those things that would roborate the ventricle if ingrateful subvert it This syrupe roborates the stomack Vires helps concoction excites appetite discusses flatuosity opens the veins and moves urine CHAP. 4. Syrupus de Stoechade or Syrupe of Stoecados D. Fernel â„ž of the flowers of Stoecados â„¥ iiij Thyme Calamint Origanum of each â„¥ j. ss Sage Betony the flowers of Rosemary of each â„¥ j. ss the seeds of Rue Piony and Fennel of eachÊ’ iij. boyl them in lb x. of water till half be consumed and to the Colature adde sugar and heney of each lb ij make it into a syrupe aromatize it with Cinemon Ginger sweet-Cane of each Ê’ ij tyed up in a linen rag The COMMENTARY Mesue gives two descriptions of this syrupe in both which he puts Pepper and Bartram which being hotter are rejected by Fernelius and he addes certain cephalical Medicaments to wit Sage Betony Poeony and Rosemary that it may acquire the effect the Author intends This syrupe is cognominated from its Basis to wit Staecados whereunto the rest are adjoyned to acquire more cephalical and noble faculties Sylvius permits it to be made with sugar and not honey for the more delicate It conduces to many affections of the brain Vires as Mesue attests to which it would nothing confer if it were made after his description for Stoechas which he puts for its Basis is more hepatical or splenical then cephalical therefore Fernelius addes many cephalicals which make his syrupe conduce to the Epilepsie Cramp Trembling and all cold affections of the brain CHAP. 5. Syrupus de Glycyrrhiza or Syrupe of Liquorice D. Mes â„ž of Liquorice scraped and bruised â„¥ ij white Maiden-hair â„¥ j. dryed Hyssop â„¥ ss macerate them a whole day in lb iiij of rain-rain-water then boyl them till half be consumed to the Colature adde of the best honey penidees and sugar of each lb ss rose-Rose-water â„¥ vj. and so boyl them into a syrupe The COMMENTARY Many do right in not cocting dry Liquorice long lest it grow bitter but put it in in the end of the coction they clarifie the Colature with Penidia Sugar and Honey then coct it to a syrupe adding thereunto some rose-Rose-water before it be perfectly cocted which some disallow of because the syrupe is confected for purgation and the rose-Rose-water is astrictive to whose opinion Joubertus subscribing substitutes the water of the infusion of Roses as less astrictive but this water is therefore commixed that the syrupe may thereby participate of an astrictive quality and assumed in the beginnings of diseases stay the fluent humours and coct such as have delabed The infusion may be desumed for want of the water but not as less astrictive This syrupe consists not onely of simple but compound Medicaments to wit of Penidees which are made of Barly Water and Sugar cocted in such proportion and Art that a very solid mass arises thence so tractable that it adheres not to ones fingers but may be drawn into small long crass short or intorted threads alwayes white and hence its name is Alphenicum It stayes the humours flowing from the brain Vires cocts such as are fallen helps the cough and causes the expectoration of cocted humours CHAP. 6. Syrupus Jujubinar or Syrupe of Jujubees D.M. â„ž of Jujubees n. lx Violets the feeds of Mallows of eachÊ’ v. Liquorice scraped and bruised Maiden-hair Barley of each â„¥ j. the seeds of Quinces white Poppies Melons Lettice Gumme Thraganth of eachÊ’ iij. boyl them in lb iiij of fountain-Fountain-water to the Colature adde of sugar lb ij to bring it into the consistency of a Syrupe The COMMENTARY In confecting this syrupe the cleansed Barly must first be cocted then the Jujubs added then the Liquorice afterwards Maidens-hair and the seeds of Melons Lettice and Poppy at length Violet-flowers and Tragacanthum in the end lest by longer coction it become fume It should be included with Mallowes and Quinces-seed in a linen cloth and then cocted with the rest in four or five pounds of water to the absumption of the third part and elixated with the said quantity of sugar into the consistency of a syrupe the coction should not be to the half unless the weight of sugar be abated It conduces to hoarseness cough pleurisy it cocts Vires moves and educes spittle and that of Violets and is a mean betwixt the syrupe of Poppy it cohibits all fluxions and cocts the defluxed humours CHAP. 7. Syrupus de Hyssopo or Syrupe of Hyssop D. Mes â„ž of dryed Hyssop the roots of Smallage Fennel Liquorice of eachÊ’ x. Barley â„¥ ss the seeds of Mallows and Quinces Gumme Thraganth of eachÊ’ iij. Maiden-hairÊ’ vj. Jujubees Sebestens of each n. xxx Raisins stoned â„¥ j. ss dryed Figs fat Dates of each n. x. boyl them in a sufficient quantity of water to lb iiij to the Colature adde Penidees lb ij make it up into a Syrupe The COMMENTARY This syrupe is cognominated from Hyssop its Basis in the confection whereof its Author Mesue is so far from defining a quantity of water that he mentions no water at all but they should take eight pounds wherein they should coct the Barly half an hour then inject the incided roots to be elixated a quarter of an hour then all the fruits at length the seeds bound in a linen cloth with Tragacanthum and at last pretty dry Hyssop true Maidens-hair or in its stead vulgar Maidens-hair Penidees made without starch must be added to the Colature by coction reducted to three pounds and clarified some had rather put in sincere sugar others the water of sape and sugar but it is best to confect it according to Mesue's description The same Author describes more preparations of this same syrupe but this we have transcribed is the most usual and best This syrupe conduces much to difficulty of breathing Vires pectoral dolours from a cold cause it takes away obstructions moves flours and deterges sand from the reins and bladder CHAP. 8. Syrupus de Aretemisia or Syrupe of Mugwort D. Fern. â„ž the leaves of Mugwort m. ij the roots of Orris Enula-campane Madder Piony Lovage Fennel of each â„¥ ss the leaves of Peny-royal Origanum Calamint Nep Balm Basil Carrets Savin Marjoran Hyssop Horehound Germander Groundpine St. Johns-wort Feverfew and Betony of each m. j. the seeds of Anis Petroseline Fennel Rue Gith of eachÊ’ iij. bruise those that are to be bruised and macerate them 24 hours in Hydromel lb viij boyl them to lb v. and with lb v. of Sugar coct it into a Syrupe The COMMENTARY This syrupe of Mugwort first described by Matthaeus containing a mass of Medicaments perperously congested was rightly castigated by Fernelius who substracting such things as were not known inconvenient and supervacancous left onely such as were usesul as Plantius well observed for when it is in vain to adde more where the thing may be better done by fewer
what need had we of so much cost and time in seeking and congesting many Simples when much fewer were better yet no cost or pains must be spared when the sanity of a man lies at the stake so that the labour be not lost nor cost frustraneous A great and solemn composition whose bonity many ages have found and experience sufficiently proved must neither admit of mutation nor mutilation but such as are described without ground or reason must be either omitted or castigated This syrupe is denominated from Mugwort which is its Basis its preparation is clear enough in the description Yet it may be more Simply easily and as efficaciously made thus ℞ of the roots of Rest-harrow Madder Grass Butchers-Broom of eachʒ vj. the seeds of Carret and Roman-Gith of eachʒ j. Syr. de Artemisia simpliciter Mugwort m. ij Savin Marjoran Nep Hyssop of each m. ss boyl them in lb v. of water to the Colature adde lb i. ss of sugar and lb ss of Honey to bring it into the consistence of a syrupe This syrupe potently moves suppressed or staying fluors Vires and allayes the strangulation and subversion of the Uterus CHAP. 9. Syrupus resumptivus or The resumptive Syrupe ℞ of the flesh of Snails ℥ iiij Barley whole ℥ ij the pulp of Dates ℥ j. Raisins Kiquorce of eachʒ vj. Sebestens Jujubees of each n. xij Cotton-seed Melon Cucumer and Gourd-seeds of each ℥ ss The seeds of Lettice and * White Uagula Calalinae Poppy of each ʒ ij Coltsfoot Lungwort of each m.j. the flowers of Violets and white Lillies of each ℥ ss boyl them in a sufficient quantity of water to lb iiij of Colature to which ad de lb ij of the whitest Sugar Sugar of Roses and Diatraganthum frigidum of each lb ss coct it to a Syrupe The COMMENTARY The resumptive syrupes in a general acception may be referred to all analepticall and restorative ones wherein Medicks adhibit Snails flesh after the example of that whereof Joannes Tornamyra is Authour by assent though I could neither see it in him nor any other Antidotariographer in my life and that which is now made by Medicks is made after as many different manners as there are different Shops wherein it is made yea all the descriptions that I have seen of it and they were no few differ among themselves some admitting too many attenuatives others too viscid ingredients others useless ones and others in such a confused form as if they could scarce be prepared as described All of them require nemoral Snails which yet if there be any such are worse as Rubetae amongst Frogs because their succe is sharper and more fervid but less nutritive and apt to resarciate therefore I judge the vulgar more wholesom which live partly on the water partly on the land And Rondeletius said true that Snails could not alwayes live without water whence these terrestrial Snails must be such as live in muddy and fenny places partly on limpid water and partly on dry land But they must be duly prepared before they accede the confection of this syrupe their necks tails and members must be first abscinded their shels divided or separated that all the flesh may be extracted which must be purged from all filth cut into pieces and cocted together with the Simples enumerated and those in such order as they that require longer coction may be sooner injected those that require shorter later And so it were better to coct the simples severally from the flesh and the flesh first or last as the Medick will Sugar and Penidees must be added to the Colature It is good for such as resurge from long diseases Vires or are marcid tabid or consumed or labor under some prave affection of the lungs CHAP. 10. Syrupus exhilarans or The exhilarative Syrupe D. Dom. Laurent ℞ of the Juyces of Borrage and Bugloss lb j. ss of the Juyce of sweet smelling Apples lb j. of the Juyce of Balm ℥ ss of Kermes-berriesʒ iij. Saffronʒ ss Spec. diamarg. frigid ʒ ss Diambrae ℈ iiij Loaf-sugar lb ij coct it into Syrupe according to Art The COMMENTARY Doctor Laurentius the King of France's chief Physician gives this description in a certain learned piece of his about conservation of the Sight Melancholy Catarrhs and old Age and he confesses that his Kinsman Castellanus the King of France's chief Chirurgeon was its Author and it is thus confected The grains of Kermes must be infused a whole night in the depurated succes upon hot ashes the sugar diluted in its strong expression then all cocted into a syrupe in whose middle a little bundle must be suspended wherein the powders and Saffron are contained its dosis may be from one ounce to two ounces in the morning before meat or at night before sleep It is cognominated exhilarative because it hath an eximious faculty in recreating the heart and vitals erecting the saculties abigating sorrow and tempering the malign quality of melancholy This syrupe may be substituted in stead of that that is made of Kermes in such parts where the Illex is coccigerous of which consection we were not unmindeful but being easie to make we omitted it and left to such whom Nature hath inriched with its eximious succe There are inumerable more descriptions of syrupes in divers Authors but some of them being disapproved of others scarce proved we will not onerate or rather inquinate our Antidotary therewith For the acid syrupe of Manna the syrupe of sweet Pomegranates of Persian Apples of acid Prunes of Pears of deansed Grapes of Thyme and many more which Mesue describes are out of use I hear of the syrupes of the greater Centaury of St. Johns-wort of Ivy of Tobacco of Fennel and some others not yet proved by use of which if the Famous Colledge at Paris approve I shall approve also Myrepsus his syrupe the syrupe of Diasireos the syrupes of Lilly of Acorus of Madder of Penny-royal of Turbith of Grapes of Myrobalambs and others which Jacobus de Manliis Andernacus Wekerus and some of the later rank describe are now wholly neglected SECT III. Of Syrupes dulcorated with Honey THere rest yet some Syrupes which we shall describe in this Section that are not dulcorated with Sugar but with Honey nor made like the rest of the decoctions of Roots Leaves Flowers Seeds and Fruits but onely of limpid and aqueous succes whereunto we may well referre that Hydromel which is called the vinous Hydromel for in sapour faculties and consistence it responds to a Syrupe CHAP. 1. Oxymel seu Acetum mulsum c. Oxymel or sweet Vinegar Secanjabin in Arabick ℞ of the best Honey lb ij of fountain-Fountain-water lb iiij white-wine Vinegar lb j. boyl them together in a fit vessel to the consistency of a liquid Syrupe The COMMENTARY The Honey must first be cocted in water and despumed then must the Vinegar be by little and little adjected then all cocted together till they acquire the
that they may be levigated afterwards the sugar must be added brayed subacted and concorporated with the tunded flowers which mass well subacted must be reposed in a potters vessel white flowers must be selected whose herbaceous green and flave part also which is in the middle of the flower should be abjected The luteous Water-Lilly neither ingredes this Conserve nor the Syrupe before-described because the white one is better and more frequent they should likewise grow in limpid and clear water others are worse Conserve of Water-Lilly allayes the heat of the intrails Vires quenches thirst refrigerates the brain conciliates sleep and is good for such as are severish CHAP. 6. Conserva Anthos or Conserve of Rosemary-flowers â„ž of the finest flowers of Rosemary very small beaten lb ss of the whitest Sugar lb j. ss mix them well together with a Box Pestel till they become a fine paste which keep in a Gally-pot well luted The COMMENTARY The Rosemary-flower being of it self dry should not be exposed to the Sun before triture nor dryed but this and all calid and dryer flowers require more of sugar not for their conservation but more suavity and they need not so much insolation This Conserve is of much use in Medicine Vires for it is very cephalical and nerval roborates the brain and propugns all its affections it successfully helps or cures the Epilepsie Apoplexy Lethargy Palsey and Trembling CHAP. 7. Conserva Betonicae or Conserve of Betony â„ž of the flowers of Betony fresh and finely picked lb j. white Sugar lb iij. beat them according to Art into a Conserve The COMMENTARY All do not make this Conserve after the same manner for some confect it according to the form prescribed others coct Sugar in the water of Betony to the consistence of a solid Electuary then mix it with brayed flowers and make a Conserve of most laudable sapour and faculties it may well be made either way Conserve of Betony whether assumed or adhibited Vires roborates the head benefits the ventricle obtunds poysons and propugns all affections of the brain CHAP. 8. Conserva Salviae Melissae Stoechados or Conserve of Sage Balm and Stoechados â„ž of the flowers of Sage or Balm or Stoechados lb ss white Sugar lb s first beat the flowers very small afterwards the Sugar beating them well together till it becomes a soft mass The COMMENTARY The plenty of Medicinal flowers causes plenty of Conserves but Stoechados being very rare and Balm emitting patulous flowers few Conserves if any are confected of them but Sage is so frequent and endowed with so many eximious qualities that a most commendable Conserve Vires Salviae for many uses is made thereof for by a special faculty it roborates the Brain and Nerves conduces much to trembling stupour palsey and affections of the Brain That which is made of Balm gently helps the Memory That which is made of the flowers called Stoechados frees the Liver from obstructions and recreates the Brain Many Pharmacopolists it may be have more Conserves condited of flowers and many fewer and if any one be not content with these he hath liberty to make Conserves of Poeony Tamarisks Primrose and Succory Some make Conserve of Mallows flowers which much conduces to the Stone and vices in the Reins for it leniates allayes heat diduces the passages and expels sand from the Kidneys SECT VII Of Fruits and other parts of Plants Condited FRuits to be condited must not undergo triture like flowers but are condited either whole if small as Ribes and Berberries or somewhat greater as Cherries or else cut into slices as Quinces Roots also purged and sliced are condited Of all which Conditures we shall briefly dissert in this Section CHAP. 3. Cerasa condita or Condited Cherries â„ž of Cherries ripe and purged from their pedicles lb ij white Sugar lb j. boyl them first upon a clear then upon a gentle fire casting off the scum as it arises till their Juyce and the Sugar becomes a perfect Syrupe The COMMENTARY There are many kindes of Cherries whereof those onely are selected for conditure which are very red dulcoacid very succulent and inhaere upon a short pedicle as also such as are obscurely red Now that they may be rightly condited a little water must be put to them for so the Sugar will more easily liquefie and the Cherries be sooner cocted Now they are perfectly cocted when a drop of their Syrupe effunded upon a Marble diffuses not and then they should be removed from the fire and when they grow cold be reposed in idoneous vessels for preservation Condite Cherries because of their suavity and salubrity Vires are exhibited to the sick of any disease and at any time CHAP. 2. Ribes Berberis condita or Condited Ribes and Berberries â„ž of red Currans or Berberries lb j. ss Sugar lb j. boyl them according to Art with a little water till their humidity have acquired the consistency of a Syrupe The COMMENTARY Of the succe of these fruits inspissated by heat we have a Sape of the same and sugar duly cocted a Syrupe also Both which are eximious in restoring sanity to the diseased as we have above hinted These same fruits are also used for Junkets and to that end integrally condited that they may be kept while winter and exhibited to the diseased to whom they are not onely pleasant but conducible They usually mix some water to their conditure but their own succe would do better in its stead for so the conditure would be more acid and sweet also if an equal weight of fruits and sugar were conjoyned CHAP. 3. Pyra condita or Condited Pears â„ž of Pears decocticated and of the whitest Sugar of each lb ij boyl them upon a gentle fire till the Pears become soft and the liquor of the consistency of a Syrupe The COMMENTARY Other Pears may be so condited as those they call Rousselets and others whose flesh is solid Some stick them with Cloves that they may be more grateful to the palate for so they attain an aromatical odour and sapour with sweetness Apples having a sorter substance which by coction would be like a Pultess are not condited whole but cut into slices and artificially cocted with Sugar are made into a certain Paste which sected into morsels is studiously dryed and kept CHAP. 4. Nuces condita or Condited Nuts â„ž of Nuts both young and green n.l. purged from their outward Cortex infuse them nine or ten dayes in warm water daily changed then boyl them till they grow soft which spread one by one upon a cloth that they may dry aromatize them with Cloves and Cinamon and afterwards with an equal quantity of Sugar to the weight of the Nuts boyling them gently adding thereunto a little water to a just consistence The COMMENTARY Many care not for condite Nuts because they grow black which ingrateful colour that it may be hindred let the Nuts be first cocted then
sticked with Aromata and reconded in a vessel upon which superfuse Syrupe perfectly cocted while it is hot if on the following dayes the Syrupe grow crude again coct it again and superfuse it and if yet it appear too fluid recoct it that it may acquire a legitimate consistence for so the condite Nuts will be whiter They roborate the ventricle Vires disspate flatuosity cure the cholick and help coction CHAP. 5. Pruna condita or Condited Plums â„ž of Plums not perfectly ripe of loaf-Loaf-sugar of each lb j. clear water lb ss boyl them till the liquor becomes a perfect Syrupe The COMMENTARY There is every-where great plenty and variety of Plums whereof Damascens white black red and violaceous ones are very expetible but most of all the Imperial Plums which when mature are most grateful And these also like other fruits are condited for better preservation and first they are decorticated and presently cast into water lest they should grow flave or black and then they are cocted till the syrupe of their succe mixed with sugar be of a legitimate consistence Thus may Peaches and ripe Apples be condited The Pills of Oranges and Lemmons partly because of their hardness and partly of their insuavity are once or twice macerated in warm water before conditure into which water at the first time some inject a little bundle of ashes at the second time they are cocted in simple water with an equal weight of sugar and so conserved in their syrupe perfectly cocted But for such as delight onely in dry confectures they may be thus made The Pills thus condited must be taken their syrupe wherewith they are madid either gently deterged with a cloth or lightly washed off with water The Pills thus wiped and exsiccated must be immerged in other sugar cocted to the consistence of a solid Electuary and again cocted therein a little then amoved and exsiccated in the sun Hypocauste or other hot place and then kept But this curious Art of conditing Fruits appertains rather to Confectioners then Apothecaries CHAP. 6. Citonia condita or Condited Quinces â„ž of Quinces decorticated cut in five or six parts purged from their membranes and seeds n.x. or xij of Sugar the like weight boyl them with a little water according to Art The COMMENTARY Quinces because of their solidity endure much coction and therefore they require more water They should be cocted not onely till they be soft but till their Syrupe be crasser wherein they must be kept whole and not discepted nor reducted to a Pultess Quinces may be condited another way to wit cocted with Sugar and in cocting agitated that they may acquire the consistence of a Pultess and then they must be removed and reposed in ligneous Boxes if the weight of these Quinces and Sugar be equal the conditure will be more suave but less astrictive There is yet another conditure more red and lucid made onely of the decoction of the Pills and seeds of Quinces with an equal weight of Sugar cocted to the consistence of a Syrupe and kept in Boxes of Pine-wood if in cocting the vessel be shut and covered which contains them the conditure will be more red which colour is most expetible in all conditures of Quinces Some adde the succe of Quinces thereto and call it clear Cidoniat There is also a Conserve made of Quinces but after another manner for their succe is elicited cocted and strained and twice as much sugar added to the colature and cocted to the consistence of an Electuary the succe is in equal weight mixed with sugar and so the Conserve made of a red colour grateful sapour and eximious faculties The Conditure of Leaves CHAP. 7. Folia Adianti condita or The condite Leaves of Venus-hair â„ž of white Maiden-hair picked from its stalks lb j. good Sugar lb ij beat them severally afterwards together till they become a perfect Conserve The COMMENTARY Leaves are seldome condited seeing when dry we can take their decoctions and make Syrupes of them indued with their faculties or keep them dry some for a whole year without damage yet some are so volatile that they scarce retain any thing of their genuine quality when dryed as true Maidens-hair which for its eximious faculties is sought by exotical Merchants and carried in form of a Conserve made as before after which manner other dry leaves may be condited but humid ones thus CHAP. 8. Folia Tussilaginis condita or The condite Leaves of Collsfoot â„ž of the Juyce of the leaves of Coltsfoot lb j. Sugar lb ij boyl then to the consistency of an Electuary to which whilest hot adde of green Coltsfoot finely beaten as much as you see good and make thereof a Conserve The COMMENTARY In the confecture of this Conserve the quantity of the leaves to be brayed is not defined some taking more others less a third part or at most half as much sugar is enough But Conserves thus made should be long insolated and frequently agitated with a Rudicle that they may califie all over and their aqueous humidity be quite dissipated wherewith they abound The conditures of other leaves may be thus confected The conditure of these leaves help the Cough Vires Lungs and hinder the frequent delapse of humours from the Brain to the breast and vitals The Conditure of Stalks CHAP. 9. Caules Lactucae conditae or The condite Stalks of Lettices â„ž of the stalks of Lettices purged from the exteriour skin or cortex lb j. Boyl them in water till they wax soft afterwards dry them upon a cloth then take the like weight of Sugar and with a sufficient quantity of water boyl them till the liquor become a crass Syrupe which repose in a sit vessel If you desire them of a dryer form let them be wiped and dryed and then in Sugar boyled to the height of an Electuary let them a little fervesie afterwards taken out and dryed The COMMENTARY Very few Plants Cauls are condited either because of their hardness or insuavity or other useless qualities But such as have crassitude sweetness tenerity and excellency of faculties may rightly be condited as the cauls of Lettice and Artichock Of both which cauls Confectioners used to make dry confectures after the manner prescribed They quench thirst allay the heat of the stomack and liver Vires CHAP. 10. Caules Cynarae conditi or The condited Stalks of Artichocks â„ž of the stalks of Artichocks the exteriour pellicle taken off and purged from its fibres lb j. boyl them in water till they grow soft afterwards let them be dryed upon a cloth then with the like weight of Sugar and a sufficient quantity of water boyled to the body of a crass Syrupe repose the confecture in a fit vessel which if required more dry prepare them as afore-described The COMMENTARY The white stalks of Artichocks should be desumed before they erupt out of the earth they are used all winter in Paris where they much abound which some
and picked lb j. boyl them in water till they become tender then let them be dryed in the shade covering them with a cloth when they are dryed ningle them with the like preportion of Sugar dissolved in the abovesaid decoction and boyled to a good consistence which coct a little that the humidity of the water may be dissipated The COMMENTARY The whole roots of Satyrion should be condited for their mole hinders not but that sugar may pervade their whole substance We have adjoyned no Aromata's that they may be more safely exhibited to such as labour under Hectick Fevers they are indued with like faculties with Diasatyrium but more imbecilely as we shall shew in its due place Many other roots are condited after the same manner with these which for brevities sake I omit We have no fresh Ginger but it comes all condited to us from Bengala a countrey in India SECT VIII Of Eclegms that must be preserved in Pharmacopolies EClegms do by good right challenge place amongst the Preparative Medicaments for they prepare the humours contained in the breast for expulsion by vomit or impact them into another place for eduction by stool For seeing they are either acid or sweet they incide viscid humours and make them easie to be separated from the parts whereunto they adhere The sweet ones concoct the same and make them sit for exclusion by spittle If they be of a mixt sapour and dulcoacid they both attenuate and concoct But those that the Ancients kept in their Shops are now almost out of use And now when some prave affection of the highest region of the Breast or Asper Artery requires a Lohoch or Eclegm they are quickly made for present use being both for vertue and sapour at the best So that the Ancients Eclegms as they are less grateful so they seem to be less useful Yet lest our Shop should be quite void of them we shall select a few of more easie confecture and particular use As CHAP. 1. Eclegma Scilliticum or Eclegm of Squills D. Mes â„ž of the Juyce of Squills Honey despumed of each lb ij boyl them together according to Art to the consistency of Honey The COMMENTARY This Eclegm is most easie to confect and most simple consisting onely of the same things that make up Honey of Squills onely they differ in preparation and proportion For in Honey of Squills the leaves are confusedly insolated with the Honey in a fit vessel and strained when use calls for it But in the Eclegm of Squills onely their succe is cocted with Honey above the consistence of a Syrupe Eclegms of Squills potently incide and prepare for expulsion Vires crass and viscid humours impacted in the spirators They very much help such as breath with difficulty or have much of viscid Phlegm in their Lungs or highest region of the Breast CHAP. 2. Eclegma de Caulibus or Eclegm of Colewort D. Gord. â„ž of the Juyce of Coleworts lb j. boyl it a little and scum it afterwards adde SaffronÊ’ iij. Sugar and Honey of each lb ss boyl them according to Art to the consistence of a Linctus The COMMENTARY The succe of Garden-Cauls must first be educed then depurated by the Sun or fire then Honey or Sugar added to it and they perfectly cocted then must well-pulverated Saffron be mixed therewith or as Gordianus its Author would have it injected thereinto while cocting because he will have it tend to its spissitude but it is credible he means by his Electuary a Lohoch for the cure of difficulty of breathing But the leaves of red Cauls should be selected when the diseases of the highest part of the Breast are respected or the Belly to be moved Lonoch of cauls cures difficulty of breathing Vires inveterate coughs cocts moves and excludes spittle CHAP. 3. Eclegma de Pulmone Vulpis or Eclegm of Foxes Lungs D. Mes â„ž of Fox Lungs prepared and dryed of the Juyce of Liquorice white Maiden-hair sweet Fennel-seeds Anise-seeds of each equal parts make it into a Lohoch with Syrupe of Red-roses or Myrtles The COMMENTARY Some confect it with simple Hydrosa charum that is water and sugar others with sugar solved and cocted in Saxifrage water and some that would have it more roborative with Rob or inspissated succe of Myrtle as Mesue advises We confect it with syrupe of Roses or Alexanders syrupe for so it is more grateful then those with Rob of Myrtle and Hydrosacharum yea its faculty roborates in a mean betwixt them But if it be kept for a Roborative it may be rightly confected with syrupe of Myrtle but Pharmacopolists do not now preserve it Foxes Lungs should if possible be onely taken by such as are young sound and given to hunting they must be washed in water incided according to the vessels whereto they adhere and wherein they are suspended their blood must be expressed then moderately washed in white-wine imposed in a pot dryed in an Oven pretty hot and kept When use calls for them a portion of them must be levigated very small and mixed with some idoneous liquor as in this Eclegm with the said Syrupe and other pulverated Medicaments Mesue describes this Lonoch of Foxes Lungs to difficult breathers Vires but some would rather bray the Lung and exhibit it mixed with Julep of Roses others upon good grounds prefer the Lungs of other wholesome Animals as Hogs Rams or Calves Lungs for the easure of such as are troubled with difficulty of breathing for the diseased may eat these with more delight and salubrity to the quantity of two or more ounces and so better consult the sanity of his Lungs then if he uses an ounce of this Eclegm wherein there is scarce a scruple of Foxes Lungs Yet this should be kept in Pharmacopolies because it is very bechical and may be successfully used by such as are tabid CHAP. 4. Eclegma sanum expertum or A sound and experienced Lohoch D. Mes â„ž of Raisins stoned Figs Dates of each n. xij Jujubees Sebestens of each xxx Foenugreek-seedÊ’ v. Linseed Anise-seed sweet Fennel-seed dryed Hyssop Calamint the roots of Orris Liquorice Cinamon of each â„¥ ss Maiden-hair m.j. boyl them all in four pintes of water till half be consumed to the Calature adde Penidees lb ij boyl it again to the crassitude of Honey then adde these following powders and pastes Pine-kernelsÊ’ v. blanched Almonds Starch of eachÊ’ iij. Liquorice Gumme-Thraganth Arabick of each â„¥ ij ss Orris â„¥ ss Let all these be exactly mingled and beaten into a Lohoch The COMMENTARY That this Eclegm may be well confected the root of Orris should be cut into short pieces and be first cocted in limpid water by half a quarter of an hour then must the seeds be injected then the fruits and leaves last the Liquorice and Cinamon the powders being levigated a part must be confusedly mixed and conjected into the colature duly cocted with Penidees that of these united and agitated with a
part thereof with sugar must be made into a Syrupe and the pulps with sugar of Violets mixed with it while hot then must an ounce and an half or at least an ounce and three dragms of well-levigated Senny be added to every pound of the Composition whereof they say Rhasis is Author This lenitive Electuary thus cognominated from its effect Vires levifies mollifies and subduces the Belly educes all obvious but especially pituitous and melancholical humours without molestation it helps against the Pleurisie and other pectoral affections The Florentine Medicks describe another by the name of the Magisterial Electuary which admits of Turpentine Ginger and Scammony which our Shop may well be without CHAP. 3. Electuarium Catholicum or The Catholical Electuary â„ž of Polypody of the Oak well bruised lb j. pure water lb ix boyl them together till a third part be consumed and in two parts of the decocoction let there be boyled Sugar lb viij to which adde pulp of Cassia and Tamarinds madefied with the other part of the decoction of the leaves of Senny of each â„¥ viij of the best Rhabarb Polypody sweet Fennel-seeds Violets of each â„¥ iiij of the four greater cool seeds of each â„¥ j. Liquorice Penidees Sugar-Candy of each â„¥ ss make into an Electuary The COMMENTARY That this universal Antidote may be duly confected many things must be brayed and prepared apart and first of all Polypody which being twice assumed must be bifariously prepared In the first course it must be brayed only pretty grosly in the second it must be levigated very small that which is onely contunded must be long cocted in the prescribed or sufficient quantity of water and a Syrupe must be made of two parts of its colature and sugar The Tamarinds and Cassia must be humectated with the rest that their pulps may be more easily separated and secerned The Rhabarb must be brayed alone the Senny Liquorice Fennel and Violets both alone and together twice as much of the Syrupe of Violets may be mixed in stead of the Violets the four cold seeds must be excorticated and minutely cut with a Pen-knife then must the Penidia and Sugar be pulverated then must all be put together and agitated with a ligneous Pestel or Rudicle till they become an Electuary of a legitimate consistence And the composition of this solemn Medicament is not onely various but there are also various opinions concerning its Author for Sylvius seems to ascribe the invention thereof to Galen Joubertus to Nicolaus Myrepsicus Bauderonius to Nicolaus Salernitanus Adolphus Occon to Nicolaus Praepositus Valer. Cordus to Nicolaus Alexandrinus who indeed hath described it but not as it is vulgarly made But none know certainly to which of these to attribute its invention but all call it Nicolaus his Catholicum not adding his Sirname Now this Medicament is called Catholical or Universal either because it expurges all humours or because it draws them from all parts of the Body That which is made according to this prescript is called Simple Catholicum in reference to the more compound which receives twice as much Rhabarb and Senny yet neither of them substantially or in powder ingrede that same as they do this simple Catholicum but the Senny is cocted and the Rhabarb infused and its expression joyned with the mixture which formed into an Electuary is called Catholicum Duplicatum Many coct Anise and Fennel and others Coriander-seed with Polypody to discuss its flatuosity but there is Fennel enough in the description to effect this so that there is no need to congest so many Medicaments of the same faculty together If any like not Anise he may in its stead substitute sweet Fennel or Coriander or an equal weight of each yea any may adde some Cinamon to make it more grateful and it will be of good consequence The rest I leave to the old description which most Medicks approve of and prefer before many purges which to pervert as Rondeletius hath done were a piece of a piacle Some keep a certain Catholicum in their shops for Glysters different from the common one onely in this that it admits of onely old and worse Rhabarb and is confected with Honey in stead of Sugar That which is very purgative wherein Apothecaries put Turpentine Coloquintida and Hermodactyls is not good I hear of some that make a more liquid Catholicon onely of Syrupe and the infusion of some pulps but its faculties being very imbecile and not respondent to the scope of the Author whoever first made it I think it is not now kept or prepared Fernelius gives more descriptions of Catholicum one whereof amongst other things receives Hellecampane Hyssop Ginger Cinamon Nutmeg and Honey another amongst Purgatives Agarick Turpentine and Diacridium which compositions made by a perite artificer are good but they are seldome kept in shops Let that then which we have according to the Ancients minde here described be continually kept for the true Catholicum in each Pharmacopoly It clemently and gently purges all humours cures Fevers Vires and acute diseases especially such as proceed from the prave disposition of the Spleen and Liver CHAP. 4. Diaprunum seu Diadamascenum simplex or Simple Diaprunum or Diadamascenum D.N.Myr. â„ž of fresh and ripe Damask-Prunes n. 100. boyl them in a sufficient quantity of water till they grow soft then let them be pulped through a hair-sieve In the percolated Colature boyl the flowers of Violets â„¥ j. In the Colature dissolve Sugar lb ij boyl them into a Syrupe to which adde the pulp of the aforesaid Prunes inspissated by it self lb j. of the pith of Cassia and Tamarinds of each â„¥ j. then sprinkle in these following Powders viz. White Sanders red Sanders Rhabarb of eachÊ’ iij. Roses Violets the seeds of Purslain Endive Berberries Juyce of Liquorice Thraganth of eachÊ’ ij of the four greater cool seeds of eachÊ’ j. make it into an Electuary according to Art The COMMENTARY The description of this Electuary shews the manner of its confection which indeed is the best though some make it otherwise who wash and elixate not onely the pulps of Plums and Tamarinds but of Cassia also to the consistence of Honey with a Syrupe whereunto they afterwards adde the Powders that together with its desired faculty it may acquire its legitimate consistence But all agree not about the quantity of Violets for some according to Nic. Myrepsus his decree take onely half an ounce others an ounce and a half we aiming at the mean take one ounce to be a little cocted in the strained decoction of the Plums Some besides the Authors intention adde Cinamon but we think it unfit for a lenitive and refrigerative Medicament And we judge no otherwise of Berberries-seeds though we know that they are roborative for Diaprunum may easily be without their help seeing it admits of Rhabarb and Roses which are farre more roborative and seeing its main faculty should rather be lenitive then roborative But
Violets and Santals which allay also the heat of the Aromata's Penidia are added for mitigation Sugar for suavity and Honey for conservation Anton. Landaeus an Apothecary of Paris made it after this form faithfully as I have described it and exhibited it by my advice to many sick people who without any insuavity to the mouth subversion to the stomack or torsion to the Belly were thereby successfully purged and securely liberated from their diseases It is most commodious to such who abound with many bilious and pituitous excrements and can take no purgative Medicaments but grateful ones for this confection is not insuave and yet it potently subduces the Belly removes obstructions purges crass and viseid humours helps compounded Fevers and all such diseases as arise from phlegm and bile But it is not so good in the heat of Summer unless it be drunk in some validly-refrigerative decoction or other such liquor CHAP. 11. Diabalzemer seu Electuarium Sennatum â„ž of the roots of Succory Bugloss Polypody of the Oak the bark of the roots of Capers Grass-roots Liquorice Currans of eachÊ’ vj. Maden-hair Mules-fern Ceterach Dodder Mugwort Fumatory Egrimony Betony Balm the flowers of Broom and Violets of each m. ss Boyl them in a sufficient quantity of water till lb iij. of the Colature remains in which infuse and boyl of the leaves of Senny the seeds of Carret and Coriander of eachÊ’ j. ss black Hellebore Turbith of each â„¥ j. ss ClovesÊ’ ij boyl these till a third part of the Liquor be consumed to the Colature adde lb j. ss of the Sugar which again boyl till it comes to above the consistency of a Syrupe to which adde the infusion of â„¥ ss of choyce of Rhabarb in steel-Steel-water strongly expressed forth then adde of the Powders of Senny â„¥ ij of Lapis Lazuli prepared Cinamon of each â„¥ ss Sassafras â„¥ j. Pyony-roots Tamaris Epithimus the middle bark of Ash of eachÊ’ ij Sem. Agni Casti Roman Gith Spikenard of eachÊ’ ij Rosemary Stoechados of eachÊ’ ij Make it into an Electuary The COMMENTARY Each disease hath its praesidy but every Dispensatory suppeditates not a Salve for every sore We shall endeavour now to adde something wherein many have been defective and afford an auxiliary for the Hypochondriacal who as yet have been either overlooked or taken for desperate This Medicament is concinnated for the affections of the Hypochondriacal Histerical Melancholical and such as venery hath proclaimed French-men It is named Dialalzemer from Senny its Basis which the Arabians call Albazemer then which no Medicament is more melanagogous nor purge more tolerable This we mix partly in Powder partly in infusion with such things as discuss flatulency attenuate humours remove infarctures roborate the spleen liver and bowels recreate the faculties respect the Uterus obtund some malign quality and securely propel humours long since congested not onely melancholical and contumacious ones but viscid and pituitous also which sometimes put on the habit of Melancholly and some adust bilious humours and therefore we adde Rhabarb and Turbith that we may with the Melancholical Captain-humour educe the Pituitous his companion inseparable and also the Bilious which is pedissequous And because this Medicament most respects melancholy we have selected black Hellebore for this black humour rejecting the white as more convenient for Phlegm The manner of its preparation is easie and sufficiently demonstrated in the description But before all be congested into the composition the Azure-stone calls for some preparation as thus A sufficient quantity thereof must be taken brayed in a Metalline Morter washed with common water dryed in the Sun or hot ashes then again washed and dryed and so again and again till the water remain limpid then must it be dryed and that not ten but if need be twenty times then let it be washed four five or more times in cordial waters then let it be dryed and kept for use For thus its malign quality perishes and its purgative evades conqueror In the confection of Alkermes it is burnt and its purgative faculty exhaled its cordial onely then remaining whereof there is use Diabalzemer doth miraculoussy help the Splenical Vires Melancholical Hypochondriacal Maniacal Epileptical Histerical and Elephantical This frees Widows from their foetid colours for want of concourse and venereous Indians from their scarlet Noses contracted by contract CHAP. 12. Hydragogum Eximium â„ž of the roots of Orris Reed Grass the barks of the roots of Capers Asarabacca Caraway of eachÊ’ vj. Pimpinel * Polytricus Maiden-hair Egrimony Ceterach Mugwort of each m.j. of the flowers of the Peach-tree m. ss Boyl them in a sufficient quantity of water In the Colature infuse and boyl a little of the leaves of Senny â„¥ ij of the seeds of Carret â„¥ ij boyl the decoction till it comes to a pinte to which adde Juyce of Damask-Roses lb ss Sugar lb ss Honey despumed in the decoction â„¥ x. boyl them to a Syrupe to which adde these following powders Manna â„¥ ij Turbith * Esula Milkwort prepared of each â„¥ j. ss GingerÊ’ j. Water-flag Calamus Aromaticus of eachÊ’ j. Mechoacan â„¥ ij the seeds of Dwarf-eldern â„¥ ss and of Sea-ColewortsÊ’ iij. CinamonÊ’ ij make it up into an Electuary The COMMENTARY Many descriptions we have which smell more of confusion then composition whose effects shew their brangling Authors and therefore we reject many liquid Electuaries as either unaccommodated for cure by their ill composure or obsolete for want of custome picking out such as are better described and more approved by their sanative effects As besides the two former which we have added this also which for its excellence is called The eximious Hydragogal Electuary which we desire may be alwayes in Pharmacopolies that it may be ready to open the sluce when the river is stopped and the banks almost over-run lest the hydroptical be without praesidy and drown his vitals in his watty Belly And because we would have this Medicament perfect we have added such things as will emend the distemper remove the obstructions and roborate the whole of the Spleen and Liver from which the hydroptical get much of his evil We have also added some to discuss flatuosity and awaken the native calour Besides many more which duly prepared become hydragogous The form demonstrates the manner of their preparation This may be safely given to such as labour under the Dropsie Vires for it educes watry humours without violence and is a most accommodate Purgative for all diseases arising from thence The Parisian common people used to flock to a woman-Pharmacopolist who gave them a certain Powder to purge the hydroptical of their watry and serous humours but few or none recovered SECT II. Of Hierae SOme Purgative Compounds were for their excellent effects by the Greeks called Hierae that is Holy and Great for they are indued with great vertues and cure great diseases but they are most vulgarly denominated from some famous
hearb Draconth and assumed helpes any stopping at the stomach for it is exceeding good for those that are troubled with stoppages It causes the throat and other parts by which it passeth to cease to burn or itch But purging ingredients and odoriferous spices are usually infused in Wine or Water or some suitable decoction or some distilled water or in juices extracted from vegerables according to the severall ends and purposes of the Doctor that they might lose their proper qualities and transmit them into the liquor thus Rhabarb and Agarick are wont to be infused not onely that their vertue might go into the liquor but that it might have a better and more effectuall operation of the body of him that assumes it The mixture of Vinum Hypocraticum is onely the infusion of Cinamon in the best Wine Vinum Hypocraticum with the dissolution of sugar so much as will dulcorate it There is also some Ginger mixed with it by the Apothecaries that it may the better content and please the drinkers palate So also Gummi Ammoniacum Gummorum infusio Galbanum Oppoponax and Sagapenum are macerated steeped or infused in Wine or Vineger to bring down their consistences that the filth mixed therewith may be separated from them by colature before they are to be used in the compositions of Electuaries or Plaisters or for other uses So flowers of Violets Roses and Water-Lillyes Florum Insusio are infused in warme water till their vertues be transmitted and the colature dulcorated with a sufficient quantity of sugar to bring it into the consistency of a syrup CHAP. VI. Of Humectation and other differences of Infusion HUmectation Infection or Triture are wont to be reduced to infusion or Immersion And Irrigation or Inspersion to Humectation for those Medicaments that are liquored with Vineger Milk Water or other humor grow moist or are humected that they may more comodiously and conveniently be used and commixed with others Now humectation What Medicaments need humectation is absolute necessary to all forraign Medicaments which being brought to us from far Regions are hard and dry their juice being evaporated and therefore we resartiate their native humidity or cherish and defend that small relique of it that is left by a light immersion or irrigation or oftentimes by reposing and keeping them in a coole place as when we lay and preserve Cassia in a cellar Venetian Treacle in a leaden pot c. that their vertues may not so soon be exhaled Many odoriferous simples also should be moistned The humectation of odours if they are ordered to be pulverized or grinded as Amber Bezoar Musk c. least the more subtill and odoriferous parts should fly away Humectation also is very necessary for the preservation of fruits and blaunching of them from their skins and hulls As Almonds that they may be enucleated are first to be scalded in hot water Pine nutts and other fruits and nutts before they can be preserved must be steeped moistned and macerated in water that their acrimony and bitterness may be abated for any fruit that hath any apparant quality of acrimony by a frequent immersion in water or other liquor doth waxe more mild Camphire Colocynth Euphorbium How to powder Camphir Colocinth Euphorbium How to powder Mastick and many others that are to be pulverized must be besprinkled with a little oyl of Almonds or such other thing before their grinding and Mastich humected with a little rose-water which causeth it sooner to be pulverized and its vertue lesse expire or its subtler part be diminished by flying away Irrigation is reduced to humectation Irrigation which is as it were a little or sparing humectation for those that must be used dry ought to be irrigated or moistned with a gentle sprinkling that they may become more usefull and their vertues more retained CHAP. VII Of Nutrition MEdicaments in a rationall sense cannot well be said to be nourished but in a Philosophicall sense they may as when a medicament is augmented by the mutuall apposition of two three or more Medicaments which acretion the vulgar Apothecaryes call Nutrition and perchance it was indued with this name because it is as apparantly altered in mixing as Nutriment in nourishing Now nutrition is not unlike to Humectation Nutrition is Cosin-german to Huniectation for in both there must necessarily be mixed some liquor or other which in Humectation is copious but in Nutrition spare for in the latter the liquor must not be powred on with that quantity that the forther requires for when it is once irrigated or sprinkled it must be presently dryed and that either by the Sun or fire and againe moystned and dryed and so irrigated three or foure times Sarcocolla nutritia as the Gum Sarcocolla which is nourished with a womans or Asses milk but if macerated with a copious quantity thereof it presently dissolves and the milk will be soure before the Gumme can be dryed Alcumists usually nourish metalls by a congruent homour to the thing nourished prepared after an occult manner either that they may the sooner be melted or dissolved or nourished and augmented And so to the making up of the crude unguent which is prepared with one part of Litharge Triapharmacon foure of oyl and five of vineger the Litharge by a continuall beating is so nourished by the foresaid oyl and vineger that it growes to the consistency of an unguent without the help of fire or addition of other hard bodyes Many roots are irrigated sometime with Wine sometimes with other liquors that they may swell As Mirabolans with milk or with any other liquor correspondent to the Physicians purpose and intent So likewise Aloes is sometimes nourished with a decoction of Aromaticks The way to wash Aloes or some other fit and convenient liquor answerable to the doctors intent but oftner with the juice of hearbs leaves or flowers as with the juice of roses red or damask of red to roborate or damaske to purge both which do augment the aforesaid qualities and sometimes in the juice of Endive to mitigate the heat of the stomach but first it should be dissolved in some of the aforesaid juices afterwards dryed then pulverized againe washed and nourished with the same proportion of juice and dried as before and this reiterated so often till the Aloes have drunk in the determinated quantity of the juice or liquor CHAP. VIII Of Maceration Infection and digestion MAceration is so neere a kin to humectation that they are often used for one and the same manner of preparation for Medicaments are infunded humected and macerated for the self same purpose and by the same way and art Yet notwithstanding Maceration requires a longer space of time than the two former Oleum Acopum so Flores Populi and semen Abietis ought to be macerated in oyle according to Galens advice cap. 14. lib. 2. de samt tuend for three four or more moneths together
hot and exhilarate the vitall faculty yet some more particularly respect the brain as Cloves some the heart the fountain of life as Cynamon others the ventricle as Almonds others the Liver as Dates and some the wombe as muske Amber Civet not that the wombe is delighted with these under the species of odors for it hath not an organ of smelling but is affected with smells by reason that thin and subtil matters or the aery vapour wherewith the spirits are recreated with which it is of all granted that the genitalls swell Mesue hath described many aromaticall confections as Diacinamomum Aromaticum Rosat Diamoschum utrumque diambra the electuary of gemms and many more whose use is excellent in getting and preserving strength in the principall members in preventing and correcting putrefaction and in refreshing the spirits Those that from sickness recover health or are very old and are in riches able to resartiate their lost strength by the prescript of Physicians are wont to use Confections made of Conserves Sirrups and cordial Powders whose excellent virtue is attributed to the sweet odour of suaveolent Spices For the like cause Cur medicamenta aromatizentur many Sirrups are aromatized with the confection of Alkermes or Trochisks of Galliae moschatae or with Musk Amber Civet or other suaveolent Spices hung in a Nodula and so tyed to the Vessel wherein the Sirrup or Liquor is contained that it hangs about the middle of it for so the aromatical virtue is equally distributed to all the Liquor Which also Vintners have learned who make the Wine more fragrant and sweet by hanging Ginger Cinamon and such like in the Hogshead Those of the Courtiers that are more rich Quibus salaces ad venerem utantur leacherous and slothfull that like Beasts they may more potently hold on to their Venery and be more active in that exercise sometimes they eat raw Eggs sometimes fryed with much Musk or Civet whereby they rather destroy than refresh Nature Many Fruits also as Nuts and Pears are before Conditure sticked with Cinamon or Cloves that they may be more gratefull and acceptable both to the palate and heart Juleps also are often aromatized with Rose-water as Apozems with yellow Sanders Sauces with aromatical Confections Cider with Amber or Musk as many other Medicaments with Storax Belzoin Camphire CHAP. XXIX Of Colouration THough Colour according to Galen cap. 2. lib. 1. simpl cap. 30 lib. de Histor Philos cannot shew the faculty of the Medicament yet because it is a quality of a visible body which because it hurts or profits is more or less expetible for as blackness and whiteness do obtund the faculties of seeing so green colour exhilarates them as besides quotidian experience the Philosopher also testifies Probl. 60. sect 32. Now some Medicaments are more desirable being white Coloratio quot modis acquiritur others black others red or of other colour And Colour is especially acquired four manner of wayes by Lotion Agitation Coction and Mixtion By Lotion most become white as Oil Turpentine Wax Some also by Agitation as Penedis the white unguent of Rhasis the plaister Diachylon Galens refrigerating Unguent for all these by how much the longer they are wrought by so much they are the whiter Bechical as white Pils Bechical confections and all sugared Medicaments for Motion and Agitation do get the desired colour to Medicaments But this is not so manifest in the fore-named Medicaments as in the crude Unguent Unguentum crudum ex quibus constat which is made of Lytoridge Oil and Vinegar for these are so long beaten in a morter till they acquire the form of a white Unguent Medicaments by Coction are more colourated as more white or more black as the Coction is valid and long or as it is weak So the Plaister made of crude Ceruse is white of burned Ceruse red And the Plaister of crude Verdigrease is green of burned Verdigrease white and yellow Lastly according to the several colours of the things mixed the colour of Medicaments is various for such as admit Saffron in their mixtion are yellow such as admit Cinnabrium are red and such as have Ceruse are white and such as have the pith of Cassia in their mixture are black CHAP. XXX Of Conditure Saliture and Farture AS Saliture and Farture rather seem to appertain to a Cooks than an Apothecaries shop so doth Conditure to the Confectioners Yet Medicaments sometimes need these for Saliture conduces much to conservation Farture to good sapour and Conditure to both For Flowers and Fruits are not condited onely but also little stalks barks and tender roots both that they may be longer preserved and also eat more pleasantly Thus are the roots of tender Ginger and husks of Cassia Fistula which are not old Nutmegs Myrobolans and other forreign Fruits are condited while fresh that they may be brought to us without any loss of their virtues and faculties from far Countreys Many of our own Countrey sweet sour or Fruits of other sapours pleasant to the palate as soon as they are gathered and if need be their Cortes pill'd off for many are not decorticated as Gooseberries Barberries and so are boyled with Sugar or Honey or both Those that are bitter very sour and sharp are so long macerated in water till they have deposed their vehement quality Now Apothecaries do especially make humid Conditures as they call them as when they so long concoct Fruits or Roots with Sugar and Water that they lose all their watry humidity and after Conditure and Reconditure may be preserved with a Sirrup perfectly boyled But Confectioners do not onely make such like Conditures as these but also dry ones as they term them which are made of Fruits sugared with Sugar extrinsecally boyled with them and afterwards dryed by insolation Now many Fruits are condited with Salt alone as Capers or with some Vinegar added to them Salitura as Cucumbers cut in pieces Purslain Lettices and many Pot-herbs that they may without decay be preserved till Winter for Salt hath an admirable faculty in desiccating and conserving things Hence Flesh and Fish salted are kept without corruption not onely some months but years Wherefore by some Philosophers Epicureis anima pro sale the Soul is called the Salt of the Body because as long as it remains therein it vindicates and defends it from putrefaction It causes also that Medicaments acquire another quality beside what is peculiar to them and therefore Vipers flesh and the parts of many Animals are besprinkled with white and bay Salt for according to Galen there is the same faculty in both with a little if it be used for sapours sake with more if for conditures sake Whatsoever Aliments are desired to be medicinal Fartura if there be any apparent cavity in them it is stopped with Fruits Herbs or Roots wherewith Aliments are often stuffed Now many Aliments are stuffed before Assation or Elixation that
strength of nature may easily be done after concoction of the humour by a Vomit or Expectoration upwards Now they are not onely exhibited in a morning upon a fasting stomack but also at evening and sometimes betwixt meals to several effects and for several intentions and according to the matter intention and quality whereof the Medicaments consist for they are given to leniate deterge incrassate incide expectorate and stay blood Eclegms also according to the Antients may be made of Medicaments of any sapour yet very bitter and very sharp Medicaments we do not approve of for this use for besides that ingratefull sense they bring to the palate they exasperate the hollow artery and the jaws and greatly molest the lungs yet are sour ones sometimes prescribed for the attenuation of gross humours But use hath so far prevailed that in the confecture of CoughcuÃing Eclegms it is almost a Law that nothing but sweet Ingredients should make up the Compound as juice of Liccorish Pines Jujubs Sugar-candy Dragaganth and such like Electuaries mixed in Honey or some fit Syrup But if the condition of any affection preternaturally require bitter or sharp Ingredients then must they be mixed with the other Medicaments in a less quantity both that they may be more easily assumed and also that in altering the humour contained they may not hurt the part containing Quae eclegmata conveniant Asthmaticis Such Lohochs as these are for their notable faculty in inciding and opening commended to the pursy and such as breath difficultly because of gross humours in their Lungs An Eclegm should be assumed upon a stick of Liccorish a little beaten or out of some little measure and holden in the mouth till it melt of its own accord and till it slide down the mouth of the stomack or insinuate it self into the Artery subjected They are reposed in earthen vessels leaded and may be kept a whole year without impairing their virtues Yet such as in their Confecture receive Almonds or Nuts as they grow mouldy sooner so do their faculties sooner fail and decay There is to be sold in Shops a certain Electuary somewhat liquid for Glisters and it is made of one pound of the decoction of Violets Malva the herb Mercury Pelitory of the wall Beets and Wormwood with the same weight of the Pitch of Cassia and Honey despumed which being thicker than any Syrup and borrowing its colour and virtue from Cassia is called Lohoch of Cassia Lohoch caspa CHAP. XI Of Electuaries in general SUch Medicaments as externally applyed can cure any Poyson whether within the body or inflicted on the body by some bite are by the Greeks called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and those 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which introsumed help many grievous affections The Latins do not onely retain and confound both these names but also denote them by the name of Electuary to us for the Antients called them Antidotes the later men Electuaries Whereof according to their different consistency there be two kinds the one solid which Apothecaries make into little pieces which they call Lozenges the other more liquid made and formed into the consistency of an opiate But if according to Galen the difference of Antidotes or Electuaries be taken from their quality and vertues some are assumed because of deadly Medicaments others are prevalent against venemous beasts others are prescribed to diseases contracted by ill victualls and some are accommodated to all these uses which may not only be wholsomley introsumed but also externally applyed as Triacle Mithridate Electuaries according to their different solidity are called Dry and Tabulated Electuaria sicca ac tabulata or Liquid which have the consistency of an opiate a mean betwixt an Eclegme and Pills as all Antidotes whose powders are subactd with sape honey or wine which put to sugar righly prepared and agitated with a woodden pestell do acquire the just consistency of a solid Electuary So that wine and the same Electuary may be formed liquid or solid according to the adjection of sugar or honey with artificiall mixtion yet they can scarce be brought to a solid Consistency which admit of the extract of Cassia and the inner part of fruits The proportion of honey to powders in liquid Electuaries should be the same with sugar to them in dry and solid Electuaries which is that to one pound of honey or sugar should be mixed three ounces of Powder yet either may be increased or diminished as the power of the Antidote is requisite to be more valid or more weak for by how much more sugar or honey is added to the powders by so much is the Electuary weaker and by how much the lesse by so much the stronger In purging Lozenges one dramme of powder should be mixed with an ounce of sugar cocted in water or some juice to a consistency somewhat more solid than a syrup in Cord all Lozenges two ounces of sugar often go to one dram of powder the quantity whereof should be by so much lesser by how much the quality is stronger and the sapour more ingratefull But Physicians should define a just quantity of sugar or honey Medicorum error for while they prescribe onely according to their custome as much as will serve of either indefinitly they leave the Apothecary doubtfull in making the Electuary and they commit the sick persons safety to his judgement for he may make the strength of the Medicament more weak or more intense as he pleases and you shall scarce find two Apothecaryes who put the same proportion of sugar or honey to the same remedy when the quantity is not prescribed In the Confecture of the liquid Antidote Electuarium liquidum faciendi modus the honey is washed with a little water and boyled by little and little on a moderate fire and despumed till the water or other liquor be exhaled then it is taken off the fire and before it be absolute cold three ounces of the mixed powders are sprinkled upon the honey every pound of honey so prepared requires three ounces of Powder and then they are mixed with a woodden postell till the mixture be equall The weight of honey should not be changed because of the mixture of the pulpe of Cassia Tamarinds or Manna Dactyls and Almonds or other fruits for in confecting an Electuary of a Legitimate consistency the weight of dry powders must be answerable to the sape honey or sugar A soft Electuary should not be reposed in a box before it be thoroughly cold least its superiour part be extrinsecally incrusted in a certain Membrane it is betetr to let it be fermented and the crassitude equall Sugar also must be prepared before it receive powders for it should be dissolved in stillatitious water or other fit liquour Electuarium siccum faciendi modus and then be despumed and boyled softly on a fire till it be thicker than a syrup and till a drop thereof will not dilate it self and
it is meet And that I may return to my purpose Quam varia catharticorum dosis some Catharticks are given onely in a small dosis as Colocynthis and Hellebor by a few grains or scruples others by drams as Rheum others by ounces as Manna Cassia Tamarinds A Dosis then denotes a quantity of a Medicament fit to be exhibited at once as when any Medicament of three or four ounces at the most is made into the form of a potion Decoction or distilled wherein we dilute Roboratives as Powders Antidotes and Cordial Confections or infuse Catharticks as Agarick or dissolve them as Catholicon or Diacarthamum whereof every one hath its peculiar dosis whereby it should be given in greater or lesser quantity as it is of weak or valid faculties But to describe every of these according to the nature and quality of every Medicament and body were to comprehend the whole method of Medicine CHAP. III. Of a purgative Potion EVery kinde of Medicaments may be given in any form but not so fit perhaps to cure a Disease or help any part The most usual form of such as free the passages of obstructions deduce the vessels Purgantia cur in forma potabili convenientiora and provoke monthly flowers and urine is liquid But those especially that are purgative require a more potable form for hereby they more promptly diffuse themselves more easily ingrede the small veins and more efficaciously deduce the humour inhering in those parts For one dram of a solid Medicament diluted with some humour Catharticum liquidum citius ducit will move the belly more than twice as much of it whole Wherefore when we say a purgative Medicament absolutely we mean a laxative Potion whose dosis should seldome exceed three ounces lest by moving the ventricle it be presently excluded by vomit Now purgative Potions are various according to the various nature of the Medicaments and humours to be educed For every humour except blood which is vacuated onely by the section of some vein or artery hath its proper eductive Cathartick that which purges Choler is called a Cholagogous that which purges Melancholy Melanagogous and Phlegm a Phlegmagogous Medicament And of each of these whether simple or compound are made purgative Potions when they are macerated infused dissolved or cocted in some fit liquor as to educe Choler thus ℞ of the roots of Succory Sorrel Liquorice an ʒ ij of Endive Cholagogon Fumitory Agrimony an m. ss of the three cordial Flowers an p. j. let a Decoction be made in a small quantity of water wherein infuse of Rhabarb ʒ ij ss of Orange colour'd Sanders ℈ ss dissolve in the expression Syrup of Violets ʒ vj. and make a potion thereof When a stronger Purge is required either you may augment the quantity of the things or take a stronger Medicament as this ℞ of Diaprun dissolved or Electuary of the juice of Roses ʒ iij. Alia potio validior let it be dissolved in ℥ iij. of the fore mentioned Decoction or of Endive water put to it of the syrup of Succory compounded with Rhabarb ℥ j. and make a Potion Phlegm may be deduced by many Medicaments as well simple as compound as well as Choler whereof I shall take these few prescriptions in stead of many examples ℞ Polypody of the Oak Grass roots Raisons stoned of each ʒ iij. of the seeds of Carthamus ʒ ij Germander Ground-pine Betony of each m. ss of Anise seed ʒ j. make a Decoction in which boyl on a slow fire of the leaves of Senny ʒ ij ss in the colature infuse of Agarick ʒ j. ss in the expression dissolve of the syrup of white Roses ʒ j. make a Potion thereof In such a Decoction after colation you may dilute of the Electuary of Diacarthamus ʒ iij orʒ ss of the syrup of damask Roses ℥ j. that it may be a Potion Senny Rhabarb and Polypody vacuate flegm also and so do Turbitum Carthamus seed Colocynthis Widow-wail Veratrum album white Hellebor the seed and root of Wall-wort Benedicta Laxativa and Diaphoenicum whereof a perite Artificer may make various purgative Potions Melancholy also hath its peculiar Catharticks as Epithymum Melancholiam quae ducunt Azure stone Senny black Hellebor and amongst the compounds the Confection Hamech Catholicum Diasenna and King Sabor's syrup Of one or more whereof dissolved infused or cocted in some convenient liquor a purgative Medicament may be confected as thus ℞ Barks and roots of Capers and Tamarisks roots of Bugloss Melanagogon optimum Liquorice Raisons and Currens of each ʒ iij. of whole Barley ʒ ss Cateras Maiden hair Marigolds Borrage of each m. ss of the three cordial Flowers of each p. j. of which make a Decoction wherein infuse Senna ℥ ss sweet Fennel seeds ʒ j. in the Colature dissolve syr Regis Saboris ℥ j. make it into a Potion Or ℞ Liquorice Raisons stoned an ʒ iij. Jujubs nu vj. Epithymus Spleenwort tops of Hops Wood sorrel Fumatory an m. ss Broom flowers p. ij make a Decoction in which dissolve Confectio Hamech ʒ j. ss Diasenna ʒ ij syrup of Violets ʒ vj. or ◠j. make it into a Potion Catholicum also is usefull to purge Melancholy Catholicum polychrestum est for being universally commodious to purge any noxious humour it easily accommodates it self to those wherewith it is mixed as if it be mixed with Rhabarb it purges Choler if diluted in the decoction of Senny or mixed with the confection of Hamech it purges Melancholy CHAP. IV. Of Juleps THE acception of Julep and Syrup with the Arabians is almost one and the same for they confound them together and speak of them under the same head or Chapter understanding nothing more by an absolute Julep than Sugar dissolved in Rose water and cocted to the consistency of a Syrup But we speaking more distinctly treat of them both but in several Chapters and Books to wit of Syrups which should be inspissated by a longer coction in our Officine but of Juleps which should be but lightly cocted and presently assumed in this our Book of Medicinal Receipts Now Julep is a Persian word Julep quid signifying a sweet Potion which the Greeks call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and they make it of any distilled dulcorate water as of Syrups of the juice or decoction of Simples elixated with Sugar or Honey to a more crass consistency Serapio that he might eschew the insuavity of all odour and sapour confected a Julep or rather Hydrosacharum of Water and Sugar onely which he calls a simple Syrup Avicenna to conciliate more suavity adds thereto a third part of Rose-water Mesue takes not onely water but confects Juleps of juices infusions and decoctions And the vulgarity of men call all limpid dulcorate Potions Julens whether they be made of distilled waters onely or of the decoction of a few sweet simples and much water percolated clarified Julepus zizyphorum and dulcorated
which in the time of contrition either a Ptisane or decoction of such simples as conduce to that purpose must be superfused as when purged Almonds and Artichocks with the decoction of jujubs and dry grapes are contunded for the asperity of the jawes the frigid seeds with the decoction of Lettices and of the flowers of Water-Lillyes for the heat of the bowells and the same seeds with the decoction of the roots of seeds of Althea Liquorice and Figgs for the Acrimony of urine The quantity of the decoction must be augmented or diminished according to the quantity of the seeds an emulsion should neither be absolutely crasse nor absolutely liquid but in a mean betwixt the consistency of Apozems and Syrups like the more limpid Amygdalates which in colour and sapour differ not much from emulsions but they are somewhat more crasse as Hordeates are denser than Amygdalates Syrups than Hordeates Eclegmes than Syrups and Electuaryes than Eclegmes These are the best descriptions of Emulsions for the diseases of the breast and lungs ℞ An Emulsion to allay the heat of the stomach Of sweet Almonds blanched ℥ j. Pine kernells not rancid ℥ ss the 4. greater Coole seeds of eachʒ iij. beat them in a stone morter and with a pint of the decoction made of Jujubs and Raisons conquass them together dulcorate it with ℥ 4. of sugar for 4. doses To extinguish the ardour of the reins and abate the Acrimony of urine ℞ To allay the heat of the urine The 4. greater Coole seeds of each ℥ ss the seeds of Lettice and white poppyes of eachʒ ij bruise them well in a marble morter and mix with them one pinte of water or Ptisan in the Colature dissolve syrup Nimphaea ℥ iij. forʒ doses This following Emulsion conduces to the cure of the virulent flux of the sperme after other universall remedyes ℞ Water Lentills Lettice seed of eachʒ ij Purslain and Plantain seed of eachʒ j. the 4. greater Coole seeds of each ℥ ss beat them in a stone morter powring on Barley water lb j. ss add sugar of Roses ℥ iiij for 5. or 6. doses To be taken two houres before meales CHAP. IX Of Amygdalates ALmonds are either bitter which are solely Medicinall or sweet which are partly alimentall partly Medicamentall Of these a certain potion is confected white as milk which Physicians prescribe to feaverish and pectorall affections for though Almonds according to Paulus Aegyn lib. 7. de re Med. and Oribasius cap. 2. lib. 2. Synopseos be moderately hot or rather temperate yet being brayed and diluted in water their fervour is abated and by a certain inciding and attenuating faculty purge the breast and bowells Actuar cap. 7. de spirit animal nut now of their cremour may be made a certain sorbicle which doth both nourish and lenify the asper Artery and facilitate the projection of such humours as are contained in the breast which is thus made ℞ Of Almonds blanched ℥ ij beat them in a stone morter and poure on lb ss of water addʒ vj. of sugar boyle them a little on the fire and afterwards let it be given Some adde to the mixture two or more grains others refuse How Amigdalates are made it may be administred at any time especially to such as love not pottage or broath but it is most frequently given at the houre of sleep and then you may put to it a little of the seed of white Poppy or Lettice especially if it be prescribed to a sick man that cannot sleep Some bray Almonds with warme water and so by the addition of a little sugar make it up without fire and so give it But it s better to bray them with luke-warme water and afterwards elixate them after the usuall manner the quantity of sugar should be augmented or diminished as the condition of the affection requires for as sweet things are bechicall and most accommodate to the affections of the breast Lungs so by how much the Amygdalate is more obdulcorated with sugar by so much it is more convenient to them by how much its lesse obdulcorated by so much fitter for the feaverish This sweet potion is very common at Lutetia Amygdalata Lutetia usitatissima in so much that the very women make of it daily so that their Medicks never describe any receipt but bids the Apothecary make an amygdalate leaving the materialls to his arbitration A greater quantity both of sugar and Almonds must be put in the confection that 's made for such as love solids lesse of each and more of water for such as love liquids CHAP. X. Of the Antients Ptisane or Hordeate THe vulgar Ptisane is a potion made of Liquorice-water and a little barley and often without the Ancients Ptisane is a meat made of select barley decortticated with grinding and water hence Ptisana from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is to grinde and decorticate Hordeati praeparatio by Galens advice cap. 2. lib. de Ptisana the barley should be fat partaker of no adventitious quality neither too new nor too old nor yet wrinckled which Barley thus selected must be macerated in water then brayed in a morter that the exteriour shell and all glumosity may be excussed then rubbed with ones hands washed and purged from the bran then dryed and kept and when use calls for it then must a part of it be cocted in twelve times as much water on a slow fire till it swell to the height depose all flatuosity Antiquorum Ptisana and become a smooth continuall equall and lubricall juice thus the Ancients at first cocted their Ptisane and exhibited it to the sick yet some of them mixed with it boyled wine or honey or cummin and others a little oil vineger and salt but we being more delicate add none of these but onely sugar and sometimes a few Almonds and as we retain not the mixture of the Ancients so neither do we keep the name calling that a hordeate which Hippocrates and Galen called a Ptisane and it s thus made at Lutetia ℞ The best Barley well purified ℥ ij boyle it upon a gentle fire in cleere water till the barley begins to swell pour off the water and let fresh be poured on then boyle it upon a cleare fire for four or five houres afterwards straine it add to the colatureʒ vj. of sugar afterwards boyle it againe and so make use of it For thus your Hordeate will be more crasse and nutritive in Italy they do not boyl it after colature and it is more liquid and more greedily assumed by some patients but it nourisheth not so much and therefore is assumed not only once a day about the houre of sleep but twice or thrice like a julep And seeing barley however prepared cannot be made to calify but is alwayes cold according to Galen com ad part 30. lib. 1. de vict acut cap 16. lib. 1. de aliment a Ptisane made of these two is both good Medicament
CHAP. V. Of Sugar SUgar was unknown to the Antients which is now so copious that to say a Pharmacopoly without Sugar were more than an * Ironia Irony Yet it doth not fall from Heaven like dew nor is it gathered of Plants leaves as some have thought who look onely at the name but it is got of an arundinaceous Plant which grows not onely in India but in many places of Asia and Africa and now in some Gardens in France but it scarcely escapes secure from the Winters tempests This sacchariferous Plant is about eight foot high very crass Planta saccharifera knotty obduced on every side with long strait and twined leaves hollow sappy and stuffed within with plenty of sweet juice which will distill down the cut cane like Amber whose pith or sap being severed from the cane by a knife and cocted on the fire will turn all into Sugar save a little Salt at the bottome of the vessel Its roots emulate the roots of our Cane but they are not so ligneous but more succulent and sweet from which some sprigs erupt which if pulled up and transplanted in due time will grow and flourish It bears hairy flowers like our reeds which one thing is enough to shew that it is a reed The juice extracted from it and but once cocted is not sufficiently elaborate but is red and thence called brown Sugar by some Sugar-froth which when it is cocted longer and more defecated will be white and is called Sugar absolutely There comes Sugar from Madara and Canary which is extraordinary white which as much excells the other in worth as it doth in candour yet some Negotiators bring some a little duller which is as good as the other But many adulterate Madarensian Sugar by washing common Sugar with lixive cocting it again and absterging the nigritude from off it by which means they make it exceeding white but not so sweet and gratefull Sugar-Candy is thus made of common Sugar Sacharum candum quomodo fiat Let the Sugar be melted with a little water and elixated like a crass syrup which inject into an earthen pot wherein wooden sticks are put lattice-wise and cross one over another set the pot on a board in a hot place where leave it for the space of fifteen or twenty dayes then pour out the syrup that is not concreted and pour in a little warm water to wash off the fatness of the syrup which again pour out and repose the vessel in a hot place take it on the morrow and break it and you shall finde the sticks laden with Sugar-Candy shining like Crystal There is another kinde of Sugar not so white Powder-sugar nor yet so crass as the former which is partly pulverated partly redacted to more crass lumps which the vulgar call Cassonade or Castonade which is not onely used in Kitchins but also in Shops That which is brought us from far Countryes is turbinated pyramidal-wise and commonly called Sugar-loaf which is less cocted and less obdurate than Candy and so less calid and more accommodate to obdulcorate Condiments Broths and other Aliments for Sugar abates acrity retunds acidity gratifies austerity and makes all sapours more suave Whence not onely Confectioners but Bakers and Cooks frequently use Sugar for no delicate Dish comes on the Table that doth not participate of Sugar for if Water Wine Fruits Flesh Fish or other Edibles or Potables be nauscated the mixture of a little Sugar will make them current All Sugar is moderately hot Vires conducible to the roughness of the tongue asperity in the breast and to the cough it moves spittle but hurts the teeth for it effects nigritude mobility and rubiginy in them CHAP. VI. Of Honey AThenaus writes that the Cyrians Inhabitants of Corstea are therefore long-lived because they daily use Honey And Democritus being asked how a man might preserve his life long in sanity answered by anointing his interiour parts with Honey his exteriour with Oil Gal. c. 11. l. de atten vict rat For Honey being most sweet propagates most tenuious juice And c. 8. l. 2. de facult nat begets in old men special good blood in young and bilious men much choler for according to Actuarius c. 8. l. de spir anim mot that which is sweet in Honey must needs be choler in the body And this mutation is very facile because Honey according to Paul c. 4. l. 1. de synops Oribas l. 5. collect calefies and exsiccates in the second degree and hath a kinde of Acrimony conjoyned with its sweetness for that is the best Honey which participates of these two to wit of sweetness and acrimony Gal. c. 17. l. de antidot new Wine expressed from sweet Grapes and cocted to the half or thirds though it be not much inferiour to Honey in sweetness yet like water it is obtuse and no way vellicates the sense Honey alone is a Compound of it self for it is collected of the juices of many herbs and flowers and is profitable to all ages but especially to old men and such as are of a cold constitution chiefly in winter time for where it meets with much calour there it turns into choler Galen c. 5. l. 1. de alim fac Historia notanda derides the concertation of two men the one whereof affirmed Honey to be wholsome the other unwholsome both conjecturing from the effect it had wrought in themselves but neither of them understood that man kept not one temperament from the beginning to the term of his life nor yet if the temperament had been one that the decurse of years would work some change in it for the one of them was old and flegmatick the other young and cholerick Now Honey according to Galen c. 177. l. de simpl med Mel quid is the juice of Celestial Dew collected by Bees for every Aliment is desumed either from Animals or Plants Honey is from neither for it arises from the leaves or flowers of Plants Vnde fiat and yet it is not their juice nor fruit nor any part thereof but the same with Dew c. 38. l. 3. de alim fac and yet not so copious nor assiduous Yet something from Plants tends to its benignity or malignity Orib c. 62. l. 2. collect for that is poysonous which is collected of poysonous Plants as Wolfs-bane Paul Egin c. 52. l. 5. that bitter which is brought out of Pontus where great store of Wormwood abounds That Honey is best which in colour is pale Mel optimum in consistency neither crass nor concrete nor yet dilute but alike in all parts which besides its sweetness participates of the acrimonious sapour of Thyme but no perceptible part thereof in odour according to Oribasius c. 62. l. 2. collect And as Honey by long coction so by long keeping it will grow bitter for Galen saith c. 11. l. 1. de antidot that he kept Athenian Honey which we account the best so
consistence of a liquid syrupe But the Ancients have not definitely described the quantity of Vinegar for seeing Honey according to Galen is hot and in hot natures turns soon into bile so much Vinegar must be added by Oribasius his advice as will correct that bilefying faculty and so it may be made into Oxymel convenient and useful for all ages and sexes for it is as sweet as acid and as mean and should be made variously according to the gust of the assumer so that it may not hurt for things very sharp abrade the intestines and hinder expectoration but that which is moderately acrimonious is very useful to the affections of the breast and lungs for it educes spittle and facilitates spiration for it incides and attenuates crass humours expurges the bowels without molestation and attenuates mans meat It s preparation then is various and the proportion of Honey to Vinegar and of Vinegar to water is various for though the a queous be better to most yet it agrees not to all Oribasius would have twice as much Honey and four times as much water as Vinegar and would have them all cocted to the thirds which is the same with that that Mesue gives whereunto Serapius assents though he elsewhere makes them of equal parts but that is too sowre Now the middle betwixt both may be of one part and a half of Vinegar to two of the best Honey which emits not much spume for all Honey that emits more spume is not so good but must be cocted and despumed longer and so its greatest part dissipated in coction for it must be cocted till it effer no more spume Thus the quantity of the Vinegar must be augmented and diminished according to the will of the user to whom it is more convenient as he more defires is and so it should be made according to every disposition yet that which is kept in shops is usually prepared as Mesue hath described and is made more sweet or more sowre as the assumer desires it and the exigency calls for it Oxymel incides Vires attenuates and prepares crass and viscid humours for expurgation conduces equally to hot and cold affections and effects what we have before mentioned CHAP. 2. Oxymel Stilliticum or Oxymel of Squills â„ž of Honey despumed lb iij. Vinegar of Squills lb ij boyl them in an earthen pipkin to the consistency of a liquid Syrupe The COMMENTARY The Medick Marcellus makes it after another manner by superadding water For he takes of Squils lb j. Fountain-water lb iiij loyl them to a pinte and half and so let it stand a whole day close covered afterwards press it out and to the expression adde as much Vinegar with lb iij. of the best Honey let it be again gently boyled to a fit consistency Mervardus also and Bern. Dissennius think it cannot be made without water to which opinion some assent who mix twice as much water with this as with the Simple Oxymel But Sylvius saith this is needless seeing the Honey is first cocted and despumed in water and the Vinegar legitimately prepared with Scilla and the Acetum is thus made one pound of the segments of Scilla trajected on a thread and dried in a shade is macerated in eight pounds of white-Wine the mixture is insolated in either a Glass-vessel or an earthen one well glazed with an angust orifice by the space of forty days in the hot Sun then it is strained and the segments being ejected and the Liquorice preserved which was of more use heretofore then now There are many and various wayes of making it but the description we have given is most usual and agrees with that which Paulus Aegineta gives of it There are also many wayes of making Oxymel Scilliticum but Democrates Julian and the rest make it more compound but these are neglected and no where made therefore omitted by us It incides crass humours Vires takes away obstructions caused by crass humours impacted on the lungs and cures the Epilepsie Vertigo Cephalalgia and Hemitrania CHAP. 3. Oxymel Compositum or Compounded Oxymel â„ž of the roots of Smallage Fennel Parsly Butchers-broom Asperagrass of each â„¥ ij the seeds of Smallage and Fennel of each â„¥ j. boyl them all in lb xij of water in the clarified Colature mix of the best Honey lb iiij white-wine Vinegar lb j. coct it into a liquid Syrupe The COMMENTARY The compounded Oxymel is made like the simple Oxymel Stilliticum one simple and usual Vinegar is here substituted in stead of the other Praepositus makes a certain compounded aromatical Oxymel and another potently diuretical mixing with the one many Aromata's with the other Grass-Orris and Radish-roots but these may be added when use calls for it and no other composititious Oxymel kept in shops The quantity of Honey is not determined by Authors because it is sometimes to be made more acrimonious at other times sweeter But if we should define the quantity we would make it in a mean betwixt acritude and sweetness It incides Vires attenuates and absterges viscid and pituitous humours frees the liver spleen and bowels from obstructions expels the sand of the reins and bladder and moves urine CHAP. 4. Hydromel vinosum simplex or Simple vinous Hydromel â„ž of the best Honey lb x. pluvial or fluvial water lb lx boyl them together till an egge will swim at top then insolate it and preserve it The COMMENTARY If this Receipt like not any one he may take water and coct it to the absumption of its third part accurately absterging and abjecting the spume for thus the more dissipable part of the water being vanished the remnant will have a consistence like a liquid Syrupe its sapour will be sweet and the coction fit for conservation Many Medicaments mutuate their basis and appellations from Honey as Mulsam or Mede Hydromel both aqueous and vinous Oxymel and many other Medicinal Honeys of the succes of Plants as Rhodomel or Honey of Roses Honey of Violets Mercury Raisins Rosemary and Anacardium Mede consists onely of Water and Honey mixed in a different proportion and that is called dilute Mede that admits but of little Honey How to make Mede and very much water For we make Mede saith Oribasius when we mix much water with Honey and coct them till they cease to emit spume for then the spume must be taken off But the quantity of Honey must be augmented for pituious humours both to alter the peccant humour and to conciliate a more grateful gust Oribasius was out when he thought that Mede should be made of Wine and Honey and Melicrass of Honey and Water for they are both one Though Mesue calls Melicrass Oxymel and gives two descriptions thereof the one consists of Wine and Honey the other besides these two admits of many Aromata's as Cloves Cinamome sweet-Cane Mace and the like which by some he assenting thereto is called a Condite But this kinde of Potion which consists
by cold with its calour and dissipates flatuosity CHAP. 4. Mel Mercuriale or Honey of Mercury â„ž of the Juyce of Mercury lb iij. the best honey lb iiij mingle them and after elixation despume them and so preserve them for use The COMMENTARY They measure not honey all in the same quantity some adding more of the succe and less of honey others on the contrary and many a like weight of both We judge the honey to be more praepotent when it is made of the succe and of leaves or flowers macerated though its quantity exceed the succes It is sometimes made onely of the decoction of the leaves but this way I cannot approve of It may be equally confected of the succe of the Male as the Female Mercury for both have affine faculties and convenient for this confection To the male Mercury they referre Dogs Colewort but this honey may not be confected thereof it should be made betwixt the middle of the Spring and end of Summer for then Plants are more succulent and their qualities more efficacious Honey of Mercury serves scarce to any other use Vires save to ingrede Glysters to make them more absterfive and purgative CHAP. 5. Mel Passulatum or Honey of Raisins â„ž of Raisins purged from the stones lb ij infuse them 24 hours in lb. vj. of hot water either fountain or pluvial afterwards boyl them till half be consumed strain it with a strong expression and to lb iij. of the aforesaid Colature adde lb ij of the best honey which boyl up to a liquid Syrupe The COMMENTARY Some have described two Receipts the one with the other without honey for it may admit of honey though its Inventor Matthaeus describes it without the intervent of honey Whether way soever it be made it is very grateful to the palate and bechical and therefore justly ingredes the composition of some Eclegms There are other Medicinal honeys as the honey of Myrtle of Squills of Anacardium and that of Myrobolambs but they being of rare or no use in Medicine are seldome made We have omitted the honey of Anacardium for many causes First because the fruits whereof it is confected are exotical and very seldome brought to us Secondly because they are indued with a deletery faculty or intemperate excessively Thirdly because of the ambiguity of Authors about its preparation for some onely fervefie the decoction of Anacardia with honey till it acquire a just spissitude others bray them and macerate them seven dayes in Vinegar then coct them to the half and afterwards coct them with honey into a Syrupe others onely bray and boyl the fruits in water till it be red collecting the innatant spume like Mellago which they keep for honey of Anacardium Lastly I would not have honey of Anacardium confected because its faculties are either noxious or useless and inconvenient either to preserve or resarciate sanity SECT V. Of Rob or Sape or Robub THe succes of Plants are conserved for future uses either by the admixtion of something as Honey or Sugar in confecting Syrupes or by some change wrought in them by Artifice as Rob that is Sape or cocted Wine or Robub that is the succe of any Plant incrassated by the beat of the Sun or of fire Rob simply by a certain Antonomasia denotes Sape or sweet new Wine inspissated by coction but in conjunction with another word it signifies the Sape of that same as Rob of Berberries CHAP. 1. Rob seu Sapa or Rob or Sape â„ž of Wine newly pressed from white Grapes lb xij boyl it upon a gentle fire till onely four pintes remain or so long till it attains to the consistency of honey which preserve in a convenient vessel The COMMENTARY Sape is made three wayes for women make Sape of all kindes of Grapes injected into their Kettles and cocted without water and expressed and inspissated into the consistence of honey and they call it Resinetum as if they would say Racematum that is condited of bunches of Grapes Apothecaries also have their way of confecting it but better for they take new Wine expressed out of white mature and selected Grapes and coct it to the absumption of two of its parts the third that remains hath the spissitude of honey which is the Pharmacopolists Rob or Sape but is now seldome kept being now seldome used Cooks also have their Sape made of new sweet Wine cocted to the consistence of honey which they use to sawces they use also cocted wine called Defrutum which being elixated onely to the thirds and despumed remains still liquid Sape is chiefly commended to the diseases of the Mouth Vires for it doth not onely astringe roborate and cohibit the motion of the fluent matter but also absterge and digest it when delabed But we have treated of Sapes more largely in our Institutions Cap. 6. Lib. 3. CHAP. 2. Rob Ribes or Rob of Currans â„ž of the Juyce of Red-Currans lb ix boyl it till the third part be consumed then let it settle and when 't is clear pour it off which boy upon a gentle fire to the consistency of Honey The COMMENTARY This is the simple Sape of Ribes in reference to the more compound whereunto half as much sugar accedes but it is most usually confected according to the prescribed form It should be made in June for then all the Ribes are red ripe and succulent and they then brayed and expressed emit much succe Rob of Ribes is indued with many qualities Vires for it refrigerates astringes roborates and recreates the heart therefore it is very fit to alter a hot distemper to roborate imbecile parts to propugn heart-aches and help such as vomit for by its clement astringence and delectable acidity it helps and delights all parts it attinges Rob of Berberries may be made after the same manner or thus CHAP. 3. Rob Berberis or Rob of Berberries â„ž of the Juyce of Berberries well strained lb viij boyl it in an earthen Pan upon a gentle fire till it acquires the consistency of honey The COMMENTARY Rob of Berberry may be very well made after the same manner with Rob of Ribes for as the fruits are affine in colour magnitude and faculties so also are their succes alike confected It refrigerates astringes Vires quenches thirst either arising from the heat of the ventricle and other intrails or a dry distemper it helps such as labour under the disease of Choler or consumption of the Liver or the Dysentery or the frequent proritation of the Belly CHAP. 4. Rob de Cornis or Rob of the fruit of the Cornel-tree â„ž of the Juyce of Cornel-berries purged from its settlements lb ix boyl it upon a gentle fire till six pintes be consumed and what remains repose in a glass or pot for future use The COMMENTARY Some adde Sugar to it and make it Gelatina but it is less efficacious by how much more suave and it is
upon no grounds use to stimulate Venery for they afford little of genital matter or flatulent spirits to the body but much Melancholical succe The cauls of the vulgar not of the Spanish Artichock should be selected for that is a kinde of Carduus as both of them seem to be depromed from that stock onely one of them hath by culture attained a more fair aspect and gracious sapour They are more celebrated for Junkets for the whole then Diet for the sick Condited Roots CHAP. 11. Radix Poeoniae condita or The condited Root of Poeony â„ž of the Roots of Poeony washed and purged lb ij boyl them in water till they grow soft then repose them to dry in a shade that their humidity may be evaporated then boyl them again with the like weight of Sugar with a little portion of the aforesaid decoction to the body of an Electuary which take from the fire and repose in a vessel for use The COMMENTARY Some Roots should be condited onely in the Spring before their succe be immitted into their branches boughs and leaves others in Autumn when Plants demit their leaves for then much of the Plants vertue goes into the Roots and then the humour is more throughly cocted then at other times others may be condited both in the Spring Summer and Autumn being alwayes succulent whose cauls are either not erupted or grown up or else dryed They must then be collected in that feason wherein their vertue is most prealent as the Roots of Ragwort and Rainbow in the Spring the Root of Poeony in August according to Sylvius or rather in March the Roots of Enula Bryony and Maidens-grass in Autumn as we have shewed at large in our Institutions Cap. 13. Lib. 1. Some of them are amare sharp and insuave which before their conditure should be often macerated in water others are grateful which being one day infused in warm water may in the same or another be cocted forthwith as the Roots of Poeony which may be well condited according to this prescribed form or some other of the like sort when they are cocted and the Sugar cocted like a soft Electuary affunded upon them if they become crude the liquor must be again cocted and that again repeated till they cease from their crudity These condited are of great potency to arceate and cure the Epilepsie if they be moderately taken in the morning fasting and at the hour of sleep CHAP. 12. Radices Eryngiorum conditae or The condited Roots of Sea-holly â„ž of the Roots of Sea-holly cut sloping and purged from its inward pith lb j. boyl them in water till they become soft dry them in a shade Sic Radices Buglossi condiuntur then let Sugar be dissolved in the same decoction and boyled to the spissitude of an Electuary to which adde the Roots and again gently cocted that their aqueous humidity may be dissipated repose them afterward in a Gally pot and preserved The COMMENTARY The Roots of Sea-holly being sweet needs undergo but one materation before conditure and then be cocted in the same water till they be soft then condited with Sugar as the form shews Mesue addes some Aromata's as Cinamon and Ginger wherewith be would have the Roots stuck and he boyls them with a portion of Honey and Sugar or else Honey onely thrice the quantity of the Roots But the form I have exhibited is more usual and better We everywhere in the Aarabian writings meet with Secacul which is hitherto taken for Sea-holly But its description given by Avicenna and Serapio shew that it is another Plant dissimilar in face if not faculties It grows in India and is there condited and is kept and given for venereous matters as also our Sea-holly which some do perperously call Secacul though their vertues be affine for both of them are hot and moist in the end of the first and beginning of the second degree They move Venery Therefore they do right who for defect of the Indian Secacul substiture our Sea-holly and let such cease to be angry at this substitution who must have something of that nature and cannot get the true Secacul Sea-holly is of the kinde of aculeated Plants whose leaves are tender not spinous and rigid and fit for cibaries Dioscorides saith they are broad asperated about their ambient aromatical to the gust and when perfectly grown aculeated with many horrid spines Its heads also are circumvalled with aoute spines its roots long black without white within tender sweet and grateful to the gust It is more largely described in our first Book of Medicinal Matter It s Root condited nourishes augments seed Vires excites venery moves urine and expels the sand of the Reins and Bladder CHAP. 13. Radices Symphiti condita or The condite Roots of Comfrey â„ž of the roots of the greater Comfrer slieed lb j. macerate and boyl them in a sufficent quantity of water till they become soft dry them in a shade for a whole day Let them Sugar be put to the decoction and boyled to the spissitude of an Electuary to which adde the roots and again let them be boyled till the aqueous superfluity be evaporated and when they begin to be condited repose them in a vessel for use The COMMENTARY The roots of Comfrey as also many other which by cocture become easily soft are rightly condited after this prescript yet some had rather prepare and condite them thus First they coct the washed and cleansed roots then they bray them then they transmit them through a fieve then put twice their quantity of Sugar to them and coct them to the consistence of an Electuary then they recalifie them and recond the conditure in Boxes And thus they do with all other crasser roots for thus they may be better purged from their fibres and more perfectly confected in every part They stay the running of blood from any part Vires cohibit the delapse of homours and agglutinate wounds in the internals CHAP. 14. Radices Enulae conditae or The condited roots of Enula-campane â„ž of the roots of Enula-campane washed purged and sliced lb ij infuse them in warm water for the space of four dayes the water being daily changed then boyl them till they grow tender then dry them in a shade afterwards take the like weight of Sugar which dissolve in the aforesaid decoction and boyl it up to the consistency of an Electuary then adde the aforesaid roots and coct them together gently which afterwards repose in boxes The COMMENTARY The roots of Enula must be macerated more or less as their insuavity requires and if it may be emended by two or three macerations they need no longer immersion lest their whole vertue be deposed in the water They roborate the stomack Viret recreate the heart discuss flatulency help concoction resist poysons and pestilent virulent diseases CHAP. 15. Radices Satyrii conditae or The condite roots of Satyrion â„ž of Satyrion roots washed
Picra with Agarick 568. Hiera Pachii Ibid. Hiera Diacolocynthidos 569. Troch Alhandal 575. Pills of Nitre 589. species Dianthos The Apoplexie To cure the Apoplexie use the Glyster in page 184. Sacculus 210. Coloquintida 266. Pellitory 291. Honey of Rosemary 531. syrup of Rosemary Ibid. treacle-Treacle-water 733. Claret 734. Hiera Diacolocynthidos 569. The Palsy These corect and cure the Palsy China-root 289. Pellitory 291. the decoct of the root of Enula-campane-drink 397. Bittumen 403. syrup of Staechados 520. fyrup of Rosemary 531. conserve of Balm and Sage 539. Oyl of Vitriol 679. Mesue's Balsam 686. Hollerius Balsam Ibid. the Balsam of the Florentine Physitians 687. Doctor Evonimus his Balsam Ibid. the strange and admirable Balsam 688. Unguentum Martiatum 706. Treacle-water 733. Claret 734. Hiera Diacolocynthidos 569. Pills of Nitre 589. Oyl of Castoreum 665. Cramp or Convulsion These cure a Convulsion Horehound 318. St. Johns-wort 327. Mother-wort 332. Rhapontick 335. Rosemary 340. Castoreum 450. Hollerius Balsam 686. vulnerary Balsam 687. the Florentine Balsam Ibid Unguentum Aragon 705. Ungue Martiatum 706. Oyl of Dill 954. oyl of Orris 649. oyl of Castoreum 665. oyl of Walflowers 649. Melancholy To drive away Melancholy use Wine 220. Bugloss-flowers 228. Borage-flowers Ibid. Basil 313. Staechados 320. Granate 415. Sardis Ibid. Hyacinth Ibid. Topaz 416. the Azur-stone 417. Gold 426. Bezoar stone 457. Kings Sabor's syrup 516. conserve of Bugloss conserve of Borage 457. Confectio-Alkermes 615. Confection of Hyacinth 656. Antid Asyncritum 620. Confect Hamech 562. Elect. of Senna 564. Hiera Diacolocynth 569. Elect. of Gemms 600. species Diacin 606. A Catarrh These following stay a Catarrh as that Lohoc in 165. another against sharp and eroding Ulcers Ibid. a powder for Suffumigation 214. Hyssop 329. Bole-armeniack 396. syrup of red Poppies 503. syrup of Mirtles 516. syrup of Licorish 520. syrup of Jujubees 421. conserve of Roses 106. Coltsfoot-Leaves preserved 544. Pills of Agarick 582. Troches of Camphur 635. Oyl of Roses 651. Oyl of unripe olives 119. Pill de Cynoglosso 592. For weakness of sight These quicken the eye-sight the water of Community 736. Fennel 239. Avens 361. Thyme 310. juyce of Fumatory 334. Eyebright Ibid. the juyce of the lesser Centory illited with Honey 335. the Azure-stone 417. Aqua-Ophthalmica 736. the water of Community Ibid. Pil. sine quibus 581. Pil. Aureae Ibid. The redness of the Eyes These take away the redness of the Eyes Unguentum Citrinum 707. Aqua ad Epiphoram 736. For the pain of the Eyes These allay any pain in the Eyes the water of Nightshade 345. Antidotum Asyncritum 620. Unguentum Ophthalmicum 696. Hiera Pachii 568. Troches Albi Rhasis 643. For Ulcers in the Eyes For Ulcers in the Eyes these things are convenient Cadmia washed 53. Collyrium ad scabiem Palpebrarum 196. Tragaganth 396. Sarcocolla 403. Pompholix 436. the water of Community 736. Aqua ad Epiphorum Ibid. For pain and tinkling of the Ears To cure the pain of the Ears drop in some juyce of Clivers 361. juyce of Melilot 363. Goose-grease 446. Capons grease 447. Foxes grease 449. the Balsam of the Florentine Physicians 587. Hiera Pachii 568. Pil. sine quibus 581. oyl of Orris 649. To stench bloud at the Nose Hemorrhoid-veins or other parts To stop bloud use that Errhine in 179. Comfrey 350. Myrtle-berries 367. Quince rosted 374. Sorb-apples 375. Mastich 384. Hypocistis 391. of Bole-armeniack 396. Amber 406. Coral Ibid. Sardis 415. Topaz Ibid. Gypsum 422. syrup of Quinces 515. syrup of Myrtles 417. Troches of Amber 637. The filth of the Nose Oyl of Orris takes away the filth of the Nostrils 649. Ozena a disease or sore in the Nose causing a stench To take away Ozena use Troches Hedichroi subacted with old wine 631. To fasten Teeth These fasten Teeth Purslaine 242. Elecampane eaten 297. Dentifrices of Mastick-wood 384. For the Tooth-ach These mitigate and take away the paine of the Teeth Pellitory of Spain 291. syrup of Mulberries compound 512. Antidotum Asyncritum 620. Oyl of Sulphur both whitens and takes away their paine 681. Oyl of Cloves 683. Trochisci Narcotici Fernelii 643. Oyl of Mirtle-berries 657. For Ulcers in the mouth To cure Ulcers in the mouth use Purslaine 242. Bole-Armeniack 396. and syrup of Mulberries compound 512 513. For the filthiness of the Mouth and stench of breath To sweeten the breath use Annise 244. Cloves 280. Indian-Leafe 285. Orange-peel candid 343. Mastich eaten 384. Myrrhe chawed in the mouth 387. Confectio de Hyacintho 656. species Diarrhodon Abatis 603. For chopped Lips To cure chopped Lips anoint them with Capon-grease For the vices of the Breast and Lungs These do mitigate and take them away the Emulsion in 162. the Lohoc 165. the regal Electuary 170. the regal Paste 170. Sugar 223. Manna 229. true Maiden-hair 233. Salvia vita 236. Smallage 237. Senna 257. syrup of Licorish 520. Peniroyal 312. Hore-hound 318. red Colewort 358. the juyce of the root of Cinqfoile 361. Scabiose 362. Catsfoot 363. Figgs 383. Dates 381. Chesnuts 386. Pistaches Ibid. Juniper-berries 391. Milk 448. syrup of Violets 498. syrup of Cats-foot 501. syrup of Maiden-hair 504. syrupus Regius 519. Honey of Violets 531. conserve of Violets 536. Eclegme of Pine kernels 552. Lenitive Electuary 555. Diapenidion 613. Penidees 614. Diaprunum simplex 557. Oyl of Violets 648. For an Asthma and Cough To cure a Cough use Nettle-seed 295. those Eclegms prescribed in 165. Sugar 223. Manna 226. common Maidenhair 234. Mechoachan-root 258. Coloquintida 266. Nettle 295. Enulacampane-root candid 548. the Decoction of the root drunk 297. Liquorish 304. Origanum 313. Calamint 315. Birthwort 324. Gith 328. Hyssop 329. Honeysuckles 338. Coltsfoot 359. the seed of the Cotton-tree 362. Sebestens 380. Jujubees 390. Pine-nuts 388. Gum Thraganth 396. Mastich 384. Storax 386. Sulphur 304. Amber 406. Syrup of Coltsfoot 499. syrup of Poppies simple 502. syrup of red Poppies 503. syrup of Liquorish 520 syrup of Jujubees 521. syrup of Hyssop 522. conserve of Bugloss 537. Coltsfoot-leaves condited 544. Lohoc of Squills 549. lohoc of Pine-kernels 552. lohoc sanum 551. Diapenidion 513. confectio de Rebecha 614 Penidees Ibid. Antidotum Asyncritum 620. Venice-Treacle 626. oyl of Sulphur 681. oyl of Turpentine 682. Claret 734. Hiera Puchii 568. Hiera Diacolocynthidos 569. Troches Alhandal 575. Pills of Agarick 582. pills of Hounds-tongue 592. pil Bechicae nigrae 596. Bechicae albae 597. Diamarg frig 599. Pulvis Dianisi 605. Diacalaminthes 607. For the Pleurisie To cure a Pleurisie use the Fomentation 190. the Litus 193. Carduus Benedictus 331. Petroseline of Macedonia 337. syrup of Violets 498. syrup of red Poppies 503. syrup of Jujubees 521. Lenitive Electuary 555. Diapenidion 513. confectio de Rebecha 614. Antidotum Asyncritum 620. oyl of Violets 648. For the Pthysick These cure the Pthysick Lettice 421. the seed of the Cotton-tree 362. Pistaches 386. Pine-kernels 388. Milk 448. Decoctum Testitudum 162. syrupus Resumptivus 523. Lohoc of Foxes lungs 550. Antidotus
Analeptica 619. Venice-Treacle 626. treacle-Treacle-water 732. Diamarg frig 599. species Diatrionsantaion 602. For Swounding These recover swounded persons Bezoar-stone 457. syrup of Apples simple 515. confection of Alkermes 615. confection of the Hyacinth 656. Antidotus Analeptica 619. Venice-Treacle 626. treacle-Treacle-water 732. Diamarg frig 599. Electuary of Gems 600. pulvis Dianthos 605. For the palpitation of the Heart These cure the palpitation of the heart Doronicum 330. Ambergrise 405. Silver 427. Mosch 450. Bezoar-stone 457. syrup of the juyce of Bugloss and Borage 510. syrup of Apples simple 515. conserve of Bugloss 537. conserve of Rosemary-flowers 539. confection of Alkermes 615. confection of Hyacinth 656. Venice-treacle 626. Treacle-water 732. electuary of Gems 600. For weakness and faintness of the heart Those Opiates comfort the heart prescribed in 168. that Condice in 169. cordial Tablets 174. powder in 175. Epithema in 190. Sacculus 210. the powder for suffumigation 214. Borage-flowers 228. Roses 284. Saffron 251. Myrabolens 255. Zerumbet 272. Costus 274. Cinamon 276. Kermes 283. Lignum-aloes 286. Saunders 287. Angelico 298. Woodsorrel 353. Citrons 372. Oranges 373. juyce of Pomegranates Ibid. Benzoin 381. Storax 386. Ambergrise 405 Coral 406. Ruby 414. Granate 415. Hyacinth Ibid. Silver 427. Mosch 450. syrup of the juyce of Woodsorrel 510. syrup of Grapes 513. syrup of Lemons and Pomegranates 501. syrupus Regius 519. Rob Ribes 533. conserve of Bugloss 537. conserve of Borage 538. Enulacampane condited 548. antidotus Analeptica 619. oyl of Cloves 683. Claret 734. common Claret 735. Electuary of Citron solutive 573. troches of Gallia Moschatae 634. troches of Aliptae Moschatae Ibid. species Diambrae 601. Diamoschum Ibid. Aromaticum Rosatum 603. Pulvis laetificans 604. Diacynamomum 606. To increase native heat Calamus Aromaticus 273. Cardamomes 280. syrup of five roots 505. antidotum Asyncritum 620. Venice-treacle 626. Electuary of Senna 564. troch Hysterici 641. For the Plague Against the Plagne drink of the decoction of the roots of Enula-campane 290. Angelica 297. Gentian 300. Tormentil 301. Dittany 319. Scordium 322. Leopards bane 330. Carduus benedictus 331. Lemnian earth 396. Hyacinth 415. Unicorns horn 456. Bezoar-stone 457. Enulacampane-roots condited 548. Solomons Opiate 622. Electuary of an Egge Ibid. Mithridate 624. oyl of Vitriol 679. oyl of Sulphur 681. Emplastrum Diapalma very good for pestilent tumors 722. treacle-Treacle-water 732. Pil. Ruffi 578. troches Alexiterii 641. powder against the Plague 608. To cause Sweat To provoke Sweat take Tormentil 301. Carduus 331. syrup of Apples simple 515. Treacle-water 732. Mithridate 624. Venice-Treacle 626. troches of Vipers 630. To resist Poyson These resist Poyson Wine 219. Marshmallows 229. Fennel 239. Cummin 245. Caraway 246. Amomum 247. Zerumbet 271. Setwel 272. Rocket-seed 294. Nettle-seed 295. decoction of Elecampane-root drunk 297. Angelico 298. Tormentil 301. Dittany 319. the root and seed of Lovage 299. Gentian 300. Mother of Thyme 310. Peniroyal 312. Polium Ibid. Balm 317. Horehound 318. Betony Ibid. Dittany 319. Scordium 322. Birthwort 324. Ground-pine 326. Leopards bane 330. Carduus 331. Valerian 333. Rhaponticum 335. Agnus castus 340. Ash-leaves 341. Bistort 559. Citrons 372. Oranges Ibid. Juniper-berries 391. Galbanum 401. Storax 386. Ruby 414. Saphire 413. Castoreum 450. Unicorns horn 456. Bezoar stone 457. the reins of Stincus 467. syrup of Grapes 513. conserve of Betony 539. Enulacampane-roots candid 548. confection of the Hyacinth 656. the Opiate of Solomon 621. Mithridate 624. Venice-Treacle 626. Troches of Vipers 630. Troches of Squills 632. Treacle-water 732 oyl of Scorpions 665. For the weakness of the Stomach To corroborate the stomach use Aloes 256. Nutmegs 278. Mastich 384. Mint 314. the condite against Vomiting in 169. the opiate in 168. the foment 189. the plaister 725. Wine 219. Anise 244. Caraway 246. Myrobolans 255. Ginger 270. Galangal 271. Cardamomes 280. Cubebs 281. the roots and seeds of Lovage 299. Gentian 300. Peniroyal 312. Mint 314. Wormwood 316. Rhaponticum 335. strawberry-Strawberry-water 360. juyce of Pomegranates 373. rosted Quince 374. Dates 382. Olives 383. Juniper-berries 391. Mastich 384. syrup of the juyce of Woodsorrel allays the heat thereof 510. syrup of Grapes works the same effect 513. syrup of Quinces 515. syrup of Myrtles 516. syrupus Regius 516. syrup of Wormwood 519. vinous Hydromel 528. Honey of Roses 536. Rob of Quinces 515. conserve of Betony 539. Enulacampane-roots candid 548. Rosata novella 617. antidotum Asyncritum 620. Venice-Treacle 626. oyl of Mace 663. oyl of Aniseed 683. stomachical Cerate 712. plaister of Bayberries 720. Stomach-plaister 725. Plaister of Mastich Ibid. Claret 451. Diaphoenicon 555. Hiera picra simplex 567. Hiera picra with Agarick 568. Hiera pachii Ibid Hiera Diacolocynthidos 569. Electuary of Citron solutive 573 Pil. Stomachicae 577. Pil. Mastichinae 589. Pills of three solutives 579. Pil. aggregativae 585. Pil. Asaiareth 587. Pil. de aromatibus Ibid. Troch Galliae Moschatae 634. Troch Aliptae Moschatae 635. Troch Diarrhodon 636. Troch de Antispodio corrects the inflammation of the stomach 637. Troch of Berberries 638. oyl of Wormwood 654. oyl of Roses 651. ol Omphacium 119. oyl of Mints 653. Electuary of Gems 600. species of the three Saunders 602. Aromaticum Rosatum 603. Diarrhodon Abbatis Ibid. pulvâ—s Laetificans 604. species Diacalaminthos 607. oyl of Myrtles 657. oyl of Quinces 658. oyl of Mastich 660. Against Yexing or Hickup To stay the Hickup take Ceterach 235. Birthwort 324. Dill 336 Honey-suckle 338. antidotum Asyncritum 620. Philonum Romanum 621. To stay Vomiting To stop a daily Vomiting make use of Quinces 374. Sorb-apples 375. Barberries 380. syrup of Grapes 513. syrup of Pomegranates 514. syrup of dryed Roses 508. Rob Ribes 533. Rob de Cornis 535. Rosata novella 617. antidotum Asyncritum 620. opiate of Solomon 622. plaister of Mastich 725. oyl of Mint 613. aromaticum Rosatum 603. oyl of Quinces 658. Obstruction of the Mesentery Salvia vita 236. syrup of Peach-flowers 500. syrupus Byzantius 512. Diacassia 554. Hiera picra Galeni 567. Hiera picra with Agarick 568. Electuary of Meadow-Saffron 571. Pil. of three Solutives 579. Pil. Imperiales 580. species of the three Saunders 602. To allay any Vehement heat in the Liver To asswage the heat of the Liver take Epithimus 237. Oxysaccarum 511. syrup of Endive 518. Lettice stalkes condited 545. Oyntment of Roses 690. Cerate of Saunders 711. Electuary of Eleabane 560. Troches of Camphur 635. Troches of burnt Ivory 637. Troches of Berberries 638. Oyl of water-Lilies 653. For the obstruction and paine of the Liver These remove the obstructions of the Liver true Maiden-hair 233. Salvia vita 236. Dodder and Epithimum 287. Asparagrass 239 Ladies-rose 247. Myrabolens 255. Saunders 287. Grass-roots 363. Asarabacca 325. the lesser Centory 335. Rhapontick Ibid. Meum 336. Broom 339. Ash 341. Liver-wort 356. the juyce of the root of five leaved Grass 561. Peaches 378. Cherries Ibid. syrup of Maiden-hair 514. of five opening roots 505. syrup of Fumatory 508. syrupus Bizantinus 510.
Turpentine 379. Bdellium 388. Lapis Spongiae 423. syrup of Maiden-hair 504. syrup of the five opening-roots 505. syrup of Marsh-Mallows 506. syrup of Hyssop 522. Oxymel compound 527. Diasatyrion 618. Antidotum Asyncritum 620. Philonum Romanum 621. Venice-Treacle 626. Oyl of Turpentine 682. the Balsam of the Florentine Medicks 687. Plaister of Bayberries 720. Claret 734. Diaprunum simplex 557. Diaprunum compound 558. Benedicta Laxativa 561. Oyl of Scorpions 665. Gonorrhaea The Gonorrhaea or Flux of Sperm is cured by that Emulsion prescribed in 162. Lettice 241. water-Lilies 249. Amber 406. Coral Ibid. Aqua ad Gonorrhaeam 735. Troch ad Gonorrhaeam 642. To stir up Lust and excite to Venery To provoke to Venery use Sparrows brain 66. Secacul 276. Cloves 280. Cubebs 281. Rocket-seed 294. Nettle 295. Eringo-root 303. Seabulb 306. Dogs-stones or Satyrium Ibid. Leeks 307. Clary-seed drunk in Wine 321. Ash 341. both Cicers 365. Pistaches 386. Pine-Nuts 388. the reines of Land-Crocodiles called Scinci 467. Eringo-roots condited 546. Satyrion roots condited 547. Diasatyrion 618. Oyl of Pismires 667. To allay the heat of Lust Use water-Lilies 249. Rue 322. Agnus Castus 340. Smaragd 412. syrup of water-Lilies 504. Oyl of water-Lilies 653. Ruptures These cure Ruptures the Cauterie prescribed in 206. Horehound 318. Rhapontick 335. Comfrey 350. Cats-foot 363. Bdellium 388. Gypsum 422. Emp. contra Herniam 726. To stop the Hemorrhoids Use that Vaporary mentioned 187. Aloes 256. the Leaves of the Figg-Tree 381. To provoke the Hemorrhids or to open them The Vaporary in 188. Sumach 367. Quince 374. the Cornel-Tree 276. syrup of Quinces 515. To bring down the Terms That Vaporary mentioned in 188. that Suffumigation 215. common Maiden-hair 234. Salvia vita 236. Smallage 237. Parsly 238. Asparagrass 239. Fennel Ibid. Ruscus 240. Caraway 246. Bishopweed Ibid. Ladies-Rose 247. Carret-seed 248. Aloes 256. Calamus Aromaticus 273. Cinamon 276. Squinant 284. China-root 289. Treacle-Mustard-seed 393. Nettle-seed 295. Orris 296. Elecampane 297. Cyperus-root Ibid. Angelico 298. the root and seed of Lovage 299. the seed of rest-Harrow 302. Madder-root Ibid. Eringo-root 303. Sowe-bread 304. two drachms of the seeds of Wall-flowers given in Wine 309. Thyme 310. Mother of Thyme Ibid. Marjoran 311. Peniroyal 312. Polium Ibid. Origanum 313. Calamint 315. Mugwort 317. Balm Ibid. Horehound 318. Dittany 319. Sage 321. Birthwort 324. Asarabacca 325. Ground-pine 326. Germander ibid. Featherfew 326. St. Johns-wort 327. Gith 328. Valerian 333. juyce of the lesser Centory 535. Spignel 336. Savine 339. white-Willow 340. both Cicers 365. Amoniacum 396. Sagapenum 401. Galbanum Ibid. Storax 386. Myrrhe 387. Bdellium 388. Elaterium 390. Castoreum 450. syrup of the five opening-roots 505. syrupus Byzantinus 412. syrup of Hyssop 522. syrup of Mugwort Ibid. conserve of Borage 538. Venice-Treacle 626. cinamon-Cinamon-water 734. Claret Ibid. Hiera Pachii 568. Troches of Myrrhe 640. Troch Histerici 041. species Diacalaminthes 607. To stop the Immoderate Fluor of the Terms The Vaporary in 187. Sumach 187 roasted-Quince 374. the Cornel-Tree 376. Coral 406. syrup of Quinces 515. For the Whites To stop the Whites use the Vaporary mentioned in 187. Amber 406. Coral Ibid. The Suffocation of the Womb. Mustard-seed 291. the root and seed of Lovage 299. Marjoran 311. Assafoetida 399. Sagapenum 401. Bitumen 403. Civet 451 Bezoar-stone 457. syrup of Mugwort 522. Emp. pro Matrice 726. Elect. Sennatum 564. Oyl of Rue 653. species Diambrae 601. species Diamosch 601. For the falling down of the Womb and the Intestinum Rectum Unguentum Stipticum 694. Emp. pro Matrice 726. ad Herniam 726. To increase Milk in the Brests Fennel 239. Dill 336. both Cicers 365. Pine-Nuts 388. For the Gout and other affections of the joynts Hermodacts 262. Turbith 263. Coloquintida 266. China-root 289. Sage 321. Birthwort 324. Asarabacca 325. Peniroyal 312. Poplar 346. Fenugreek with Oxymel made into a pultis 398. Ducks grease 446. Oyl of Foxes 666. Oyl of Honey 681. the Balsam of the Florentine Medicks 687. Unguentum Aragon 705. Unguentum Martiatum 706. Emplastrum Oxicroceum 718. Benedicta Laxativa 561. Hiera Picra Gal. 567. Hiera Pachii 568. Troches of Alhandal 575. Pil. of Hermodactyls 584. Pills of Nitre 589. Oyl of Chamomile and Dill 654. Oyl of St. Johns-wort 659. Oyl of Wall-flowers 649. Pil. Foetidae 590. Oyl of Wormes 664. Oyl of Foxes 666. For the cure of the Feavers Saunders 287. Rhapontick 335. Cherries 378. red Currans 386. syrup of Violets 468. syrup of water-Lilies 504. syrup of Succory compound 507. syrup of Endive 508. syrup of Fumatory Ibid. syrup of Wood-sorrel 510. syrupus Byzantinus 512. syrup of Berberries 513. syrup of Lemons and Pomgranates 501. conserve of water-Lilies 538. Populeon 691. Diacatholicon 557. Diaprunum simple Ibid. compound 558. Diaphaenicum 555. Electuary of Flea-bane 560. Triphera Solutiva 563. Electuarium Sennatum 564. Electuarium Diacarthamum 571. Electuary of Citron-Solutive 573. Pil. of Egrimony 580. Pil. Agregativae 585. Troch de Antispodio 637. Troch of Berberries 638. Trochisci Narcotici Fernel 643. A quartane Feaver Black Hellebore 265. Venice-Treacle 626. Unguentum Aragon 705. Pil. de Lapide Lazuli 586. To cause sleep The Julep in fol. 167. that Lotion for the feet in 191. the Frontal in 199. Wine 217. Lettice 241. water-Lilies 249. Saffron 251. Oyl of Mandrake 344. Night-shade 345. Poppy 348. syrup of Poppies simple 502. syrup of red Poppies 503. syrup of water-Lilies 504. conserve of water-Lilies 538. Antidotum Asyncritum 620. Philonum Romanum 624. Oyntment of Roses 690. Unguentum Populeon 691. Troch Narcotici 643. Oyl of water-Lilies 653. Pil. de Cinoglosso 592. Immoderate thirst To Extinguish thirst use Lettice 241. ripe Mulberries 379. Sebestens 380. red Currans 386. syrup of Violets 498. syrup of water-Lilies 538. syrup of Berberries 513. conserve of Violets 536. conserve of water-Lilies 538. Lettice stalkes preserved 545. Troches of burnt Ivory 637. Troches of Berberries 638. For an Inflammation Marsh-Mallowes 229. Pellitory 231. Lettice 241. Coriander 337. Night-shade 345. Houseleeke 351. Plantaine 352. Knotgrass Ibid. Melilot Line 363 364. unripe Mulberries 379. wild Mulberries 380. Oyntment of Roses 690. Ung. de Bolo 693. the cooling Cerate of Galen 711. the Cerate of Saunders Ibid. Emp. de Cerussa 724. Troch Narcotici Fernelii 643. Oyl of Violets 648. Oyl of Mandrakes 656. For unnatural Tumors To take away preternatural Tumors Cummin 245. Misselto of the Oak 342. Amoniacum 396. Bdellium 388. Ceratum Oesypatum 713. Diachylon simplex 716. Diachylon Magnum Ibid. Diachylon Magnum cum Gummis 716. Diachylon compositum 717. Melilot 363. Oyl of Orris 649. Oyl of Mastich 660. To asswage any pain Oyl of Mandrake 656. the Liniment in 193. the Cataplasm 200. Gum Elemni 383. Unguentum Resumptivum 697. Ceratum Oesypatum 713. Emplastrum Divinum 723. Troch Narcotici Fer. 643. Oyl of Chamomile and Dill 654. Oyl of Rue 655. Oyl of St. Johns-wort 656. Oyl of Violets 648. Oyl of Lilies 652. Oyl of water-Lilies 653. Oyl of Mandrake-Apples 656. To
take away all vices of the Skin and to beautify the same That Bath mentioned in 186. the Lotion 191. Virgins-Milk 197. Lily-root 250. Rocket-seed 294. Madder-root sprinkled with Vinegar 302. Sowe-bread 304. Honey-suckle 338. strawberry-Strawberry-water 360. the Oyl of Cotten-seed 362. Oyl of Linseed 364. decoction of Lupines 366. Oyl of Bayberries 390. Galbanum 401. Gum of Ivy 403. Pitch 388. Sulphur 404. syrup of Fumacory 508. Oyl of Sulphur 681. Unguentum Album 691. Unguentum Enulatum cum Mercurio 701. Ung. Citrinum 707. Ceratum Refrigerans 711. plaister of Cerus 724. Aqua Fucatoriae 737. Confectio-Hamech 562. Pil. de Fumaria 586. Pil. Foetidae 590. Oyl of Vipers 665. To take away Scabs Knotgrass 349. Scabious 362. decoction of Lupines 366. Oyl of Bayberries 390. Alome 401. Unguentum Album 691. Unguentum ad Pruritum 696. Ung. Enulatum cum Mercurio 701. Ung. Egyptiacum 704. Pil. de Fumaria 586. For the French Pox. It may be cured by the Fumigation 214. Radix Mechoach 258. Sassafras 287. Guaiacum 288. Sarsaperilla 289. China Ibid. the Neapolitan Opiate 628. plaister of Froggs 730. Electuarium Sennatum 564. Pills of Quicksilver 591. To cause hair to grow and to prevent it from falling off The true Maiden-hair 233. the common Maiden-hair 234. Ladanum 391. Oyl of Honey 681. Oyl of Mirtles 657. For the Canker Powder of burnt Crafish 12 68. Lead 428. Pompholyx 436. Ung. DIapompholygos 695. Confection of Hamech 562. Pil. de Lapide Lazuli 586. For the Leprosy Black-Hellebore 265. Confectio-Hamech 562. El. Sennatum 564. Pil. de Lapide-Lazuli 586. Pil. Foetidae 590. For St. Anthonies fire Houseleeke 351. Plantaine 352. Knotgrass 349. Unguentum Rosatum 690. Ung. de Bolo 673. Galens cooling Gerate 711. Troch Narcotici Fer. 643. ol Omphacinum 119. For burnings Leekes 307. Tutsan 315. the lesser Centory 335. Ung. Album 691. plaister of Ceruss 724. For Tetters and Ring-wormes To cure Tetters take Houseleeke 351. Plantaine 352. the juyce of Knotgrass mixed with the white of an Egge Ibid. Oyntment of Roses 690. For wounds To cure wounds make use of that powder in 107. Aloes 256. Kermes 283. Rocket-seed 294. Polium 312. St. Johns-wort 327. Tutsan 328. Comfrey 350. Milfoile 361. Dragons-blood 398. Assafoetida 399. Turpentine 379. Sarcocolla 403. Comfrey-roots condited 547. Oyl of Honey 681. Oyl of Turpentine 682. Oyl of Cloyes 683. Balsam Vulnesary 687. Balsam D. Evonym Ibid. Balsamum Mirabile 688. Ung. Rubrum Desiccativum 694. Ung. Apostolorum 703. Emp. De Janua 719. Emp. de Gratia Dei 722. tela Galteri 727. For Ulcers Cypress-roots 297. Tutsan 328. Goats-beard 329. decoction of Lupines 366. Milfoil 562. Sarcocolla 403. Borax 399. Vitriol Ibid. Alome 400. Lead 428. Brass 429. Verdigrease Ibid. Cerus 432. Cadmia 433. Pompholyx 436. Litharge 437. syrup of dried Roses 518. Honey of Violets 531. Oyl of Sulphur 681. Oyl of Cloves 683. common Balsam 688. white Oyntment 691. Oyntment of Litharge 692. the red drying Oyntment 694. Ung. Diapompholygos 695. Oyntment of Lead 697. Ung. Resumptivum Ibid. Ung. Mundificativum 699. Ung. Aureum 700. Ung. Apostolorum 703. Ung. e Calce 706. the Egyptian Oyntment 704. Emp. de Janua 719. Diapalma 722. Gratia Dei Ibid. plaister of Ceruss 724. Tela Galter 727. Aqua Calcis 757. Troch Cypheos 633. Troch Gordonii 639. Against the biting of a mad-dog Powders of burnt Crabs 12. Betony 318. Pimpinel 325. Venice-Treacle 626. Troch Vipers 630. the cleansing Oyntment 699. the Powder 107. For fractured bones Comfrey 350. Mirtle-berries 367. Oxycroceum 718. of Betony 719. Emp. Catagmaticum 728. To draw out fixed weapons out of Wounds Take Dittany 319. plaister of Betony 719. To draw pricks out of the feet Purslaine 242. Mastich-wood 384. The End of this Index of Diseases SIRS MAny Errata's have escaped the press which particularly to correct would but augment the disgrace of the Printers and no way gratify the desires of the Readers by reason of the vastness thereof yet this venial excuse may be passed upon their Endeavors that the strangeness of the character and uncouthness of the style was the chief causation thereof which could not particularly be emended by reason of the constant attendance upon my Profession the daily pressure of my Imployments and the tediousness of the Work Be pleased therefore with your pen to correct what is amiss to excuse what is past and courteously to entertain what is tendred out of a hearty Inducement to do good which is the sincere desire of him who is Yours in all observances R.T. Covent Garden Feb. 1. 1657. The more unexperienced Reader may please to observe that lb signifies Pound that ℥ signifies Ounce that ʒ signifies Drachm that ℈ signifies Scruple JO. RENODAEUS Medick his five Books of Physical Institutions Of Election of Medicaments His first Book CHAP. I. What Pharmacy is and its use PHARMACY is the second part [a] Cor. Cels cap. 1. lib. 1. of a curing Medicine which is [b] Gal. com ad part l. 6. effected by Drugs or it is an Art shewing the way first to select secondly to prepare thirdly to mix Medicaments for in these three things consists the whole Body of Pharmacy which affords a wholsome Remedy to every Disease for Nature the best Parent in her Physical operation hath opposed a Contrary to every thing but through imbecillity or some other accident cannot alwayes attain to the end for which it was [c] Fernel praefat 4. l. ad Meth. ordained for mans life being short sooner yieldeth to Fate than it can attain to Art which was the reason why Hippocrates complained Epist ad Dameget that he was an old man and had not yet acquired the end of Physick And truly no wonder for this Art is very long and difficult treating of all sublunary things created for mans supportation [d] Aristot. l. 5. polit primarily for nutriment secondarily for cure or any help conducing to health The Materials therefore of Medicine are many The matter of Phyfick is large and almost innumerable insomuch that the Bowels of the Earth do swell therewith and its superficies deck'd and adorn'd with variety of Herbs and Flowers as with an Ornament nothing flyeth or doth move in the Air nothing groweth or doth swim in the Seas which may not be made use of to humane remedy for health many times is maintained and procented by most vise and contemptible things as by a [e] Gal. c. 1. l. 2. de simplicib Snail Snake Dung c. From Medicaments we often receive nutriment and Nutriments often become [f] Hip. lib. de aliment The dignity and antiquity of Pharmacy medicinal Pharmacy then is to be deemed praise worthy and esteemed of honourably which affords and ministers the Instruments of Medicine to wit Drugs for the sacred Scriptures shew that they were not onely extant from the beginning but also [g] Eccles 38. chap. created of the most High for the good of man for God created all living Creatures Vegetables and
superficies or because the substance of it is contained in a rare texture as some seeds many odoriferous spices and most flowers require a light and small Coction others on the contrary whose vertue is not easily resolved either because it is vallid and firme or because it resides in a grosse or dense substance or because it is posited in the middle as in Roots Woods Gumms Stones and sharp Medicaments as Onions and Garlick which grow sweet and mild by Coction require long and valid Coction others whose substance and vertue is posited in a meane between these two extreames as all the three Sandalls Jujubees Tamarinds mellow fruits and many seed endure but a meane and moderate Coction Now that Coction that is made in liquour of a moderate heat is called Elixation What elixation is And that liquor in which the Medicament is boyled is for the most part water and that either simple as common water or Medicinall or compound to which Lees of Wine Hydromel Milk Buttermilk Wine Vineger juices of plants Salt-water or sulphureous waters and all liquors in which Medicaments are put and boyled may be reduced The use of this elixation is manifold The benefit of Elixation First because it resolves the excrementitious humors of a Medicament in boyling and hence Colocynth and Turbith are boyled that they may not gripe and torment the belly but it is quite contrary with those Medicaments that purge by Leniating and Lubricating the belly and with those that are best when they are fullest As Cassia and Tamarinds for such become worse by Coction because thereby their native humidity is diminished and their purgative faculty destroyed Secondly It dissipates all those flatulent grosse and corroding humours that provoke the ventricle to loathing of the same as in Senna Polipodie Carthamus Walworke c. Thirdly It breaks all acrimony violence and ulcerating faculties as Mesue writes of Scammony which by his prescript will be better if it be boyled in a sorbe apple or in a quince or rose water as all other sharp sapors which become better by Coction Fourthly It bridles and corrects the more vehement and maligne attraction of the Medicament and therefore we boyle white Hellibor and most valid Medicaments that their violence may be broken and experience hath taught me that they become more benigne when they are boyled in water or juice of hearbs seeds or fruits Lastly Elixation doth very comodiously mixe the different qualities of Medicaments that one quality as it were concrete might result from them all which if it be weak in any plant it must be boyled easier and lighter if more potent and valid more and harder by how much the substance of the Medicament is grosser and more solid Therefore we first boyle the woods then roots then seeds then barks then fruits and last of all flowers on a gentle fire free from smoak This order of Elixation is to be observed in the preparation of all Medicaments especially Apozemes which are made of the decoction of roots leaves seeds and flowers dulcorated with Sugar or Syrups The punctuall time of Coction cannot be defined as some vainely have limited but left to the judgment of the Artist for some require much time of Elixation others lesse CHAP. XII Of Assation and Frixion ASsation is the coction of Medicaments in their own juice What Assation is after which manner of preparation flesh roots and fruits are cocted without any adventitious humour Now this Assation is made divers wayes The manner of Assation for flesh is decocted at the fire on a spit or in an oven or an earthen pot or carbonaded on the coals The roots also of black Beets are roasted in the ashes Beta Romana and Chesnuts in a frying pan but those rather appertain to a Kitchin than a Physician Now many Medicaments are dryed before the fire that they may depose their useless and retain their salutary quality others that they may become more mild others that they may be easier and sooner pulverated Rhabarb is sometimes dryed that it may be less purgative Scylla and more astrictive as also the Sea-onion that its vehemency may be obtunded whereby Dioscorides saith it offends the Intrals The brains of Sparrows excite Venery So also Sparrows brains are dryed that they may be sooner pulverable fitly to be mixed with those Medicaments that incite to Venery Many also are prepared by Assation The benefits that come by Assation that their copious and excrementitious humidity may be thereby washed Now they ought to be stirred or moved with a spoon or spatula while they are broyled on a hot tile oven or frying pan lest they be burned and they must be taken out before they grow black Assation and Frixion differ thus The difference of Assation and Frixion Assation is with its own juice Frixion with an adventitious humour as with Butter Oil Wine Vinegar or other juice or liquor after which manner many Aliments are fryed and broyled as Beans and Pease both that they may be more pleasant and also that they may more depose their bad qualities Gal. 29. lib. 2. de Aliment Coriander seed is fryed Coriander seed that is it is prepared with Vinegar that its quality which is noxious to the brain may be obtunded Semina viticis are also to be fryed Agnus â—â—stus that the flatulent humour may be discussed and that they may inhibit Venery Now some are fryed in the oil of sweet Almonds Myrab Citrin Chebul Nigri for the composition of Tripherae Persicae some in the juice of unripe Grapes others in Wine or other Liquor according to the Physicians purpose and scope that they may acquire a better quality or lose their noxious or ill qualities CHAP. XIII Of Vstion MAny Medicaments especially such as are more solid as Minerals or such as are indued with a malignant quality are burned before they be fitted for mans use Some also are burned that they may be sooner pulverated as bones horns claws flax and hairs of Animals others are burned that they may change their colour others that they may obtain a new faculty and one fit for our purpose Many sharp Medicaments are sometimes burned that they may grow milde and lose their Acrimony others not sharp that they may acquire Acrimony And thus as Galen in prooemio l. 9. simpl took notice that many sharp Medicaments lose much heat by burning and many not sharp assume and acquire heat thereby This he proves by the example of Vitriol which becomes more milde and moderate by ustion and some not sharp become more hot and crude by ustion as Fex vini Quick-silver crude Lime Tartar and many others Now how the same efficient produces contrary effects The reason why sharp Medicaments by Ustion lose their Acrimony Physicians thus judge Acrimony is acquired by heat increased to a certain degree which degree sharp Medicaments exceeding lose their Acrimony But such as were
Fermentation GAlen out of Aristotle observes cap. 9. lib. 2. de diff feb comm ad part 1. lib. 3. epid that Putrefaction proceeds alwayes from external heat in a humid matter as also the internal heat cocteth and corrupteth not So also whatever is in every part dry doth never apertly putrifie as we see neither Brick nor Gold nor Silver to putrifie And because things are putrid from an external heat Mensis Philosophicus Chymicorum Putrefaction is a kinde of Coction as when some medicamental matter is left in a Vial occinded in dung or as Alcumists say a Horses belly for they give feigned names to their feigned art for the space of thirty and sometimes forty dayes the last term whereof is called by them the Philosophical month and the Liquor of this Putrefaction menstruous or Putrefaction finished in a months space The Alcumists own this kinde of preparation Menstruum quid Chymicis as peculiar to themselves but Galen many years before they were hatched taught how to putrifie the Gem Calcitis and Litargie obruted with dung after they were put into a new pot with Vinegar And the Apothecaries also of our time have in this owned Galen who macerate and putrifie the branches of black Poplar for many months together either with Hogs grease for the confection of the Populeon Unguent or with Oil for the Medicine helping weariness Fermentation is not so proper to Medicaments Fermentatio as to Meats and Drinks for a lump of Dough is fermented or leavened that it may make more pleasant and wholsome Bread Wine and Beer are fermented when they grow cold and when there is a segregation of the sincere Suck or Juice Dregs or Faces Sirrups Conserves and Electuaries are also then fermented when new made they refrigerate in the Vessels Alcumists have their fermentation also which they sometimes call Vivification and sometimes Resuscitation for thereby they say that the matter perished is as it were resuscitated from the dead and acquires new virtues The vain Gold-mongers also promise that such a Fermentation will conduce to the transmutation of Metals but they never yet knew the matter of the Ferment nor the manner of its confection CHAP. XVII Of Dissolution MEdicaments are wont to be variously changed before they be exhibited for the most part when whole Medicaments will not serve they are prepared by some triture or dissolution in some liquor or other 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Now this dissolution is a certain triture whereby Medicaments as well simple as compound are dissolved in some fit humour to a moderate consistency and sometimes smaller sometimes thicker according to the Physicians purpose Now Medicaments are dissolved for many uses first Dissolutionis usus multiplex that they may be easily assumed secondly that they may more readily be compounded with others thirdly that they may sooner be distributed fourthly that they may penetrate into the part affected and if need be remain there as when liquid Medicaments are injected into the belly bladder intestines or any Ulcer in the body fifthly Medicaments are dissolved that they may afterwards be strained and that their virtues purged from excrements may sooner enter the inward parts Thus Medicaments which break the Stone Dithontriptica are dissolved sometimes in white Wine sometimes in the juice of Limmons in the water of Wall pelitory Radish-roots or such like that they may more easily permeate the holes of the reins and the passages of the ureters On the contrary such as are to be moved with the Spittle are to be dissolved in a thicker matter as in Conserves or Sirrup Anachartasis quomodo movonda that they may appear rather as a Medicine to be sucked than drunk And as Triture so also Infusion and oftentimes Calefaction are requisite to Dissolution for such as are hard pliant and viscid can scarce be dissolved till they be broken or steeped or calefied by the Sun or Fire Thus many Medicaments may be dissolved presently after Triture and many kinds of Earth others not without long agitation as all shels of Fishes and many more Some require both Maceration and Calfaction as many Gummes which before dissolution should be macerated with strong Vinegar Aqua vitae or strong Wine But Metals and Minerals cannot be dissolved in any juice or liquor Non quavis in quovis liquore dilui but in the juice of Limmons in Vinegar distilled or in such Watert as the Alcumists call strong Waters Any Medicament therefore is not dissolved in any liquor but in some fit and determinate one for Turpentine may lie a whole natural day in water or in a decoction and scarce be dissolved without some Eggs yolks be superadded In general Grease Marrow and Fatness are melted at the fire that they may be more easily dissolved and ingrede the composition of Unguents and Plaisters All kinds of odoriferous Medicaments are dissolved in cordial Waters or altering Waters for moyst medicinal Plaisters Pils or other Purges whether compound or simple are dissolved in Aqua vitae or other convenient Liquor by an artificial sedulity in drawing out their extracts Solid things also which neither can nor ought to be exhibited in that form are first to be broken and dissolved in some convenient liquor that they may more safely and easily be assumed CHAP. XVIII Of Liquation ALL Medicaments after due preparation thereunto may be dissolved but few can be melted for Stones may be burned Wood accended but in no wise melted because not congulated with cold Liquatio quid For saith Aristotle cap. 6. lib. 7. meteor Liquation is a solution of those things which are congealed by cold into a more liquid and fluent consistency by heat as Fatness Marrow Oil in winter and such like which with little cold are concreted and with little heat diffuded But such things as are concreted with diurnal cold are very hard to melt as Gold Brass and Iron the fusion whereof rather pertains to such as are exercised in Metals and not in Medicaments to an Artist and not a Philosopher Liquation differs from Dissolution Dissolutio non nisi fit cum humere in that Liquation is alwayes caused by heat and seldome or never with any humour Dissolutition alwayes with humours seldome with heat Lead is soon melted with heat Sulphur Pitch and Rosin sooner Salt Manna Sugar Gums of Ivy Prunes Juniper and other Trees are sometimes worked in hot water and so diffused that they may be dissolved The Alcumists have illustrated a Pyrothecny Quomodo metalla facile liquentur and have invented many things whereby the liquative or fusitive Art is enriched as when Sal Ammoniack once sublimated with common Salt then twice by it self will make hard Metals forthwith fluid Copper also may be easily melted otherwise if onely a little of an Asses hoof be injected to it in melting Now the use of Liquation in Pharmacy is great for it causes the Medicaments to change their
form and acquire a new one and it also purges them that their impure parts might be separated from the pure and mundane CHAP. XIX Of Mollition and Duration MAny preparations of Medicaments hold such affinity with others that they are often taken for the same as Liquation and Mollition which onely differ according to their degree of more or less so that Mollition is the beginning of Liquation For all things that are melted first grow soft and many things after mollition if they be longer calefied melt yet not all for Ivory Claws and Horns may be mollified but not melted Now Mollition happens two wayes Mollitionem fieri duobus modis either by heat onely of the Fire Sun or Animal or of some putrid matter or by some affunded humour as when wax is mollified in hot water or some harder medicamental mass is steeped in some sirrup or convenient liquor till it be mollified and yield to the touch which according to Galen cap. ult lib. 3. de differ puls is Judge of the hard or soft body Mother of Pearl Shell-fishes and Egge-shels macerated in distilled Vinegar are so mollified that they may be wrought or drawn as you please It is also thought that Ivory may be mollified with Beer or by being boyled for the space of six hours with the root of Mandrakes Horns rarefied by the fire or long boyled in water or buried seven dayes in dung do grow soft It is thought the Coral in the juice of Barberies Pearls in the juice of Limmons and many Stones in certain Liquors rightly prepared will be softned Since according to Galen cap. 1. lib. 4. de dignos puls Duratio those things are hard to which our flesh yields and those soft which yield to our flesh the doctrine of Mollition and Duration is as opposite in the same consideration Duration takes place in Pharmacy in compound Medicaments which being preserved for use ought to be somewhat dryed and solid as Electuaries dry Conserves Salves Pils Trochisks and some Sirrups Now Medicaments are hardned by cold Quot modis medicament a indurentur heat and the admixtion of dry things By cold as when such things as are melted or onely mollified are removed from the fire and being exposed to the air do refrigerate and harden By heat when Medicaments are boyled to their just consistency and their humid part absumed for so being dryer they become obdurate Medicaments also harden by the admixtion of dry things either that they may keep longer or that in such a consistency they may be more easily and safely exhibited or applyed CHAP. XX. Of Siccation SUch Simples as are to be preserved all Winter or such as are brought from forreign Countryes ought to be accurately dryed before they be reposed in Chests Boxes or Bags for their excremental humidity coacted and not dilated soon corrupteth and then their wholsome quality faileth Neither are Medicaments dryed onely for conservation sake Quare medicamenta siccentur but often times that they may be pulverated that their virtues may be more effectual Now whatsoever is moyst and should be dry it must be dryed in the sun or by the fire or left in a very windy shade voyd of rain and dust till it be withered and its superfluous humidity altogether dissipated Those things are dryed to pulveration by the heat of the fire which are burned in a furnace or oven or on burning coals as Bones Claws Horns Shels or in an earthen pot as hairs of Animals and such things as are put in a fire pan or covered in a dish or platter set in or upon an oven where bread was lately extracted for so Plums Pears Cherries and such humid Fruits are wont to be dryed Leaves and flowers Quae in sole melius siccentur whose colour should remain after drying are best dryed by the Suns heat especially in Summer and Autumn Seeds also gathered before perfect maturity or in time of rain or when the necessity of the matter requires it cannot be exactly dryed but in the Sun or by the fire Thick and juicy roots also unless they be cut small may be dryed better in a place exposed to the Sun and North-winde than in a shade not agitated with the winde and the desiccation of many is to no purpose unless insolation have preceded Yet small roots do easily dry in a shade as also many great ones if they be cut into little pieces fixed on a thread and exposed to the shady air so it be windy not wet Leaves do more easily dry which being bound in a bundle are exposed to the externall air partly to the heat of the fire being suspended for the most part on the beames of shopps flowers most easily for being laid upon a paper or dish and moved they are presently dry Now leaves when dryed are to be reposed in baggs of Canvas or paper roots flowers and seeds in vessells of glass or wood The flowers of water Lillyes because more grosse and humid Quomodo cortices flores siccandi must be put upon a thread that so exposed to the air they may more commodiously dry The pills of Oranges Limmons and Pomegranates as also spungy roots are dryed after the same manner in shops Foxes Lungs washed in wine may be dryed in an oven not very hot Harts peezles in the open air Wolves intestines in the shade figgs and grapes in the Sun as also solid Confections which after their conditure must be preserved in sugar or syrrup CHAP. XXI Of Expression STrong compression is often requisite to separate the more pure and thin substance of Medicaments from the terrestriall and grosse which since the hands alone cannot execute Mesueus invented a presse whereby Medicaments put in a strong hempen or hairy bag may be so strongly pressed that the whole thin substance will be compelled to go out the grosse and more compact remaining Thus wine is compelled from the grapes into hogsheads Pomaceus qui siat Intinctus viridis thus the juice of apples is educed to the confection of Sidar thus Seplasiaries extract the juice of young corne for that condiment prepared with a little vinegar tosted bread and some such like things Vinum ex herbis which they call the green intinct of some Greeks 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 wine made of hearbs Many are put in a cloth then wringed in ones hands Aqua alumniosa quibus constet till they be sufficiently expressed as the juice of Sorrell Purslane and Plantain for confecting Alum-water add whites of Eggs and Alum to the former After the like manner is the expression of Rhabarb Agarick and other Medicaments in some decoction or convenient juice or water that what is usefull may be taken and what is noxious ejected Acacia is drawn by compression out of the juice of the seed of the Egyptian bramble or thorn dryed in a shade it looks black Acacia if drawn out of mature seed ruddy of immature
are often made Apozemes if they be dissolved in the decoction of Plants or Juleps if in distilled waters they often also ingrede the confection of Eclegmes Opiates and Condites both that they may acquire better acceptation and vertue and also a consistency more convenient to our purpose Yet they are sometimes prescribed alone and unmixed especially such as must be assumed by licking by little and little to move flegme as all brown syrups as the syrup of Colts-foot the juice of Liccorish Maidens-haire Hyssop or of some such like which by reason of their sweetnesse coct the spittle Now syrups are made of the decoction of hearbs Materia Syruporum roots fruits seeds flowers or their juices and such like as may be well decocted and the matters to be decocted are so chosen as they may answer our intent whether it be to corroborate some part or mend some vitious humour or educe it thence we have such variety of syrups for they are composed to calefy refrigerate moisten dry open obstruct cut thicken and purge And the decoction of those things whereof Syrups are made Aqua optima quae ought to be in water either rain-water or fountain water or running water which is best because void of all qualities the quantity whereof must be answerable to the quantity and hardnes of the things cocted for such things as are harder as roots and wood can scarce be cocted save with much time and water without adustion And therefore the water must be augmented when simples are long to be cocted as also when they are too bitter The decoction strained and clarified is boyled again with an equall quantity of sugar or honey or both and sometimes with sweet wine as it will appear in our book called the Apothecaries Shop CHAP. III. Of Propomates THe Ancients according to Aëtius and Paulus Aët. cap. 30. cent 3. ser 1. Paul Aeg. c. 15. lib. 7. Propomata quid de remed called aâ—l drinks dulcorated with honey by the generall nâ—me Propomata for they scarce knowing sugar made all drinks pleasant to the palate with honey which we now make with sugar that they may be more sweet and pleasant yet some not for want of sugar are condited with honey both for the peculiar condition of the sapour and the attainment of those excellent qualities wherewith it abounds for honey besides that sweetness which it hath being most pleasant to the tongue is such an excellent conservative that many use it instead of salt for the Babylonians Dionys Areop Melle qui corpora condiebant in time past buried their dead bodyes in honey and Appius the Cook Herod in Thalia covered flesh with honey that he might preserve it without salt many things also condited and other Medicaments are dulcorated and confected with honey both that they may be more pleasant to the palate and also keep more safely without corruption and acquire more notable vertues Wherefore Galen Cap. 177 simpl Medic. writes well when he saith that honey may safely be mixed with all Antidotes For it is most sweet Cap. 11. lib. de alim and it produces most thin juice and being mixed with Medicaments it causes them to induce and keep better Paul cap. 14. lib. 7. de remed yet it is not equally wholesome to all for as Cap. 8. lib. 2. de fac nat it is good for old and cold men for it is noxious to such as are feaverish and young men especially chollerick because it is soon changed ingenders choller and becomes bitter in hot bodyes for if it be holden too long to the fire it will be bitter as also if it be kept too long Cap. 16. lib. 4. simpl for Galens father Cap. 11. l. 1. de Antidot Pater Galeni mel amarum babebat had a certain kind of honey as bitter as if it had been made in Pontus in that part where the Bees gather their honey from wormewood yet he saith it was Athenian honey and very good but that it became bitter by diuturnity of time Now Pliny Cap. 56. lib. 7. saith that one Aristaeus an Athenian first invented honey and the Curetes first taught the use thereof Mellis primus inventor though Ovid makes Bacchus the Author of it when he saith Liber inventi praemia mellis habet Furthermore many Medicaments are made of honey and also potions either more liquid called by Paulus sweet Potions as Hydromel that is watry and not enough boyled or more thick and longer boyled and insolated as Hydromel of wine as Oxymel and other Medicaments which are nominated from honey as the Medicamentall honeys of violets Anacardium R ses and such like Many Medicaments are comprehended under this name Hydromel as Muscadell Melicratum Hydromel of water and of wine simple and compound Quid hydromelitis nomine intelligendum yet none is so simple but it consists of honey and water as the name demonstrates but it is called simple to difference it from the more compound whereof many differences are described every where by the best Physicians as by Galen lib. de Dinamid and by Paulus lib. 7. de remed In the Confection of Hydromel In hydromelite qua mellis ad aquam proportio the proportion of honey to the water is various according to the various scope of the Physician the temper of the assumer For in Summer it is prescribed most watry as also to young men but in Winter and to old men and flegmaticke with a greater portion of wine or honey and it seemes good to our Ancients properly to call that Hydromel Hydromel vinosum which is not very watry but of wine and perfectly cocted for it seems to resemble in sapour and heat most noble Wine as that of Malmesey for it much excites spittle concocts flegmes cherishes naturall hear and roborates the stomack its genuine description and the manner of its making shall be handled in the shop divulged by us And although the rule of confecting Melicrated Mulsa Melicratum mulsa hydromel idem or Hydromell which differ onely in name not in substance be not one but various yet Mesue part 3. distinct 6. delivers the most vulgar and usuall rule to wir the admistion of eight pounds of water to one of honey which must be cocted together till froth cease to swim above which opinion the best Authors follow though many mixe with every pound of honey ten of water and sometimes twelve according to their various intentions Rusticks in Summer decoct the Loture of honey-combes Hydromel Rusticorum first strained and they despume it well and repose it in ample vessells and having hung a little lump of Leaven in the vessells they leave it for two or three dayes and then they drink it with great pleasure to expell thirst for this drink is sharp and sweet and most pleasant to their palates others boyle six pounds of honey in fifty pound of fountain-fountain-water and scum it well and then they
dissolve an ounce and an half or two ounces of Leaven or Barm and put in the Barrell leaving a certain space as about two or three fingers breadth empty Apomel is not very watry and as in strength and vertue Apomeli it is equall to vinous Hydromel so hath it the same manner of preparation as we shall shew in our shop Amongst sweet potions is reckoned Oinomel Oinomel which is made of two parts of old wine and one of honey and sometimes of six parts of sweet new wine and one of honey according to Oribasius Cap. 25. lib. 5. Collect. and because honey is of thin parts and most sweet those Medicaments that admit of its Commistion do conduce most to the attenuation coction and expurgation of grosse humours CHAP. IV. Of Syrups mixed with Honey THat which the Greeks call Oxymel and the Arabians Secanjabin The Apothecaries and not improperly call a tart sweet potion for it is a sower syrup made of water and honey or sweet wine and vinegar whence the taste recerves it as soure and sweet and as it hath a mixed and various sapour so hath it mixed virtues as by reason of the honey to the vinegar as of the vinegar to it self for vinegar hath a purging faculty and it is Gal. l 1. Acetum esse calidum frigidum simpl li. 2. Comp Med. loc cold and hot discussive repulsive and therefore Oxymel is commodious for hot cold diseases it cuts attenuates and cleanseth grosse and slimy humours it educes spittle Oxymelitis qualitas takes away obstructions it prepares cold humours for expulsion it moderates hot humours and quenches thirst for honey is averse to cold humours vineger to their lentour and water to heat and therefore causes that the honey be longer cocted better scummed and the vertue of the Oximel Mellis optimi nota better distributed as Messue his Interpreter well observes And the honey should not onely be very good sweet and sharp pale of colour neither too thick nor too watrish nor abounding with spume but the water also being a common solace both to the whole and sick as Galen saith Cap. 27. lib. de renum dignot Aquae bonit as qui dignoscatur Medicat and most necessary to all things ought to be most pure and good and it may be tryed so to be by taste sight and smell by tast as if it be free from all qualities indued with none by sight as if it be pure sincere and exquisitely cleere by smell as if nothing can be smelled therein which is in vitious waters and the vinegar also must necessarily be very good rather white than red Acetum quodnam optimum not stillatitious nor watrish but most sharp which hath a more potent faculty in cutting and attenuating Now that Oxymel is reckoned amongst Medicines is from vineger for it is not of them accounted sweet wine betwixt which Oxymel and Apomel takes place called by Serapis Acumel But because all vineger hath not the same vertue nor all men the same delight in its taste the same proportion of honey to vineger is not generally used for some would have more of vineger others more of honey whence Serapio thinks it should be made according to his mind that drinks yet the confection described by Mesue and Oribasius is most received and approved And it is made of one part of vineger Oxymelitis praeparatio two of water and four of honey and all are boyled together to the consistency of a more liquid syrup for if it be not perfectly cocted yet because of the honey it may be preserved long enough without corruption And this is called simple Oxymel in respect of that which is more compound which besides water honey and vinegar receives many roots and fruits whereof many formes are described by Nicolaus Myrepsus and later writers CHAP. V. Of Juices mixed with Honey HOney is the Countrey-mans sugar wherewith they often condite Cherries Goosberies and Pears Apothecaryes also not for want of sugar but by the Physicians advise confect certain juices fruits and flowers with honey and make them into Conserves Galenjabin Conserva Rosarum sapes and syrups conserves as honey of Roses called by the Arabians Geneljabin and by the Greeks Rhodomel which is made of one part of the flowers of red roses bruised and three parts of honey despumed Mel passulatum Sapes as honey of grapes which confected of one pound of dry grapes clensed and macerated for a whole day in three pounds of water then boyled to the half afterwards strained and mixed with an equall quantity of honey despumed syrups as another kind of honey of roses which is made of an equall quantity of despumed honey and red rose juice the Mercuriall honey or Mel Mercuriale is also confected after the like manner and cocted to the consistency of a thicker syrup And as the consistency of these conserves of roses is various so is their description and preparation for many take the same quantity of roses purged from their white and of honey as Mesue also did but they do not as he Rhodomel boyle them on the fire but expose them to the heat of the Sun Mel Rosatum foliatum for the space of ten or twelve dayes before they repose them in their shops thus also Rhodomel prepared without colature is called by some of a later stampe Mel Rosatum foliatum and by others Conserva mellis Rosarum But that which is confected of an equall part of the juice of red roses and of honey because of its sapour and consistency is called the syrrup of the honey of roses That same is a mean betwixt both because made partly of the leaves and juice of Roses with an equall weight of honey yet the former manner of confection is more approved after which manner also other Medicinall honeys are confected of other flowers Yet is it better that these be insolated than decocted with fire Cur prastet hac insolari quà m coqui because the odour of flowers being easily dissipable perishes and their qualities do not remain integrall after cocture but they will easily endure insolation which acting with a temperate and diuturnall heat not short and fervid better mixes such Medicaments yet that honey which is made of fresh roses is used to be cocted with a slow fire that which is made of dry roses should be insolated Now what way soever honey of roses is made whether of flowers integrall or broken it ought first a little to be calefied that it may be strained and it is called Mel Rosatum Colatum As fruits are harder more difficult to be cocted and lesse dissipable than flowers and leaves so Medicinall honey is made of these after a different manner for insolation will not suffice but they must be long concocted in water before honey be put to them and that fruits may be rightly cocted they must first be macerated
four and twenty houres in thrice as much water as is equall to them then they must be cocted to the third part or half then an equall weight of honey must be added to the colature and then the concoction must be perfected in the consistency of a syrup CHAP. VI. Of Sapes IUices educed out of fruits and hearbs after colation expurgation and a consistency obtained by the benefit of the Sun or fire are called Sapes or medicinated juices by the Greeks 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Rob Sapa quid and by the Arabians Rob or Robub Sape is properly wine pressed out of white ripe grapes and cocted to the consistency of honey called by the Arabians Rob. Now any other juice extracted and cocted to a just spissitude is by the generall name called Robub Yet these barbarous names are seldome distinguished but Rob and Robub are used without difference for any thick juice as it is apparent in Mesue who not ignorant of the proper name calls all concrete juices rather Rob than Robub though his interpreter judges otherwise The Juices are extracted either with a press or by the compression of ones hands and then trajected through a napkin that whatever of forditude is therein may cleave to the cloth and the pure juice may onely be transmitted which afterwards put in a pan or other vessel is insolated or cocted on a slow fire till it grow thick and acquire a solid form And its watry humidity thus resolved it may be preserved many months and years without putrefaction Some Juices also are simple Sapae simplices compositae others compound Of the simple some have a friable substance and a purgative faculty which must be longer cocted that they may acquire perfect solidity as Aloes Scammony and such like others have a lent and viscid substance and for the most part an astrictive and acid quality such as all Robs are said to be by Mesue Distinct 6. Those are called compound Sapes or Juices which besides their concrete Juices admit of Sugar as Rob condited of Barberries Rob of Quinces Mulberries and such Fruits As therefore sweet Wine onely boyled to the third Desrutum quid and despumed still remaining liquid is called Defrutum so Wine expressed in a harder Consistency inspissated by heat is properly called Sapa which also may be called Rob or Robub If any be more sollicitous about the name than the thing it self he may equally refer the name Robub to all Juices The use of Sapes is commended to many things Saparum usus especially to diseases in the mouth and they are sometimes prescribed alone sometimes to be mixed with other Confections as to Diamorum Diacodium and other Syrups CHAP. VII Of Conserves SEeing the virtue of Flowers may be easily dissipated it can scarce be long retained integral but is much impaired with coction and time and often resolved Now that it may be retained Flowers are wont to be condited in Sugar or Honey and a Compound is made that may be preserved for many months and years without any great impairing of virtue whence it is properly called a Conserve whereof we have two different kinds Conservarum differentia the one is liquid and soft which will yield to the pressure of ones finger wherein is left some lentor the other dry which is much more solid and made into Pastils or Trochisks to which our fingers rather yield But because all Flowers have not a like compact substance or like temper they are not all condited after the same manner nor require the same quantity of Sugar in their conditure Those that are more humid should taleby a day or two in a place neither too humid nor too hot that their superfluous humidity may be resolved Those that are dryer by how much they are more fresh and succulent by so much the better Amongst the more humid whereof Conserves are made we reckon the Flowers of Water-lillies Roses Succory Violets Borage and Bugloss amongst the dryer Flowers of Sage Hyssop Rosemary Oranges Jasmine Betony Peach-trees and many other Simples which are seldome or never condited The more humid require a greater quantity of Sugar to their confection the dryer a less to some an equal weight of Sugar is sufficient to other half their weight to many twice their weight to Roses and Water-lillies thrice their weight is requisite Some are integrally mixed with twice their weight or a sufficient quantity of Sugar and are set to be insolated one or two months according to the crassitude or tenuity of the Flowers Others as Roses after their purgation from the white Conserva rosarum qui fiat whereby they are fastned to the bud and their triture in a stone morter with a pestel of Box wood are mixed exquisitely with thrice their weight of Sugar and then reposed in an earthen pot well leaded and are well covered with a paper not forated lest the virtue of the Flowers should be dissipated This done the vessel is insolated by the space of a whole month or forty dayes for hereby the Conditure is excellently fermentated the heat of the Sun permeating every part thereof if it be stirred twice or thrice a week with a Spatula which is effected without any dissipation of its virtues or odour Some immerge and perfectly mix integral Flowers sometimes and oft braying in Sugar melted and cocted to the consistency of an Electuary which when it is cold they put in boxes and insolate it If in the conditing a little juice of Lemmon be injected Quomodo conserva rubra fiat it will attain a red and lively colour that it will not lose in a years space if it be reposed in a Vessel while it is hot for afterwards refrigerating a certain scum or crust arises upon the superficies which preserves the colour odour and virtue longer Conserves are seldome made of leaves because their substance is more compact and quality less diffipable for they may be brought from far Countreys without impairing their virtues Yet some which have excellent faculties posited in their superficies cannot be dryed without damage as Sorrel and Capillus veneris And therefore Conserves may well be made of them well purged as of Monspelian Maidens hair which is accounted the best as many other Simples abundant in that Countrey Yet have I heard the City Monspelier more commended for Medicks than Medicaments However excellent Conserves of Maidens-hair is carried from Monspelier to all the Countreys in France which is made of an equal quantity of pulverated Sugar and cleansed Leaves brayed and mixed together after insolated so long as is convenient Some hold this Conserve to be better if a Syrup perfectly cocted be made of the decoction of this herb and Sugar and then mixed to other cleansed and brayed Leaves of this herb for thus it acquires a more excellent virtue and a more fit consistency Dry Conserve is made of dry Roses levigated very small with eight times their
that they may be safe from dust fumes putrefaction or injuries by the air or insects as by Flyes Mice and the like we repose in fit Vessels or include in Bags or involve in Papers and keep all in our Pharmacopoly except such as require a more humid or more dry place as Cassia a Wine-cellar Sugar Conditures Junkets and most Sweet meats an Oven or Closet near the fire Many for their conservation must be condited with Vinegar Salt or both as Cucumbers Capers Olives or with Sugar or Honey as all kinde of Medicaments whereof Electuaries or Syrups are composed Decoctions will keep in Summer two or three dayes in Winter a whole week distilled Waters and Conserves a whole year Syrups perfectly cocted Electuaries Trochisks Pills Oils Unguents and Salves will often keep two years as also Roots Woods Barks dry Juices Tears and Gums three years and sometimes four Elateries thirty years Nails Bones Horns an age Some can scarce be long preserved without the presence of those things with which they hold familiarity as the Magnet with Iron with whose limature it is nourished and upon whose absence it decayes and loses its vigour Others better preserve their faculties if by the appropinquation of other things they be vindicated from the injury of the air and worms Thus Camphyre buried in Linseed is safely kept Limmons and Oranges in a heap of Wheat will not so soon putrefy and Mechoacams root involved in Wormwood keeps its faculties entire and will not be so easily croded Musk and Civet are safely conserved in lead boxes but that they should resartiate their lost virtue by suspension in the middle of a Bog-house Platearius his advice derided Platearius his nose can only finde Saffron Cloves Pepper Mace and other aromatical Spices are best conserved in leather bags Storax Belzoin in glass boxes Sanders sweet Aloes Mastick Schaenantum Seeds and innumerable more in Costers or wooden Boxes of which more in our Shop Medicaments therefore as well simple as compound if they be thus sedulously conserved will endure long if not they soon fade and decay But the greatest part of these should be changed every year yet if any change not their colour odour and sapour they need not Now those keep longest which are of a gross substantiality and whose qualities tenaciously and firmly adhere to their substances as on the contrary those do not endure long whose substance is rare as Flowers and those whose virtues are superficial and dissipable Yet those are kept better and longer which are included in close Boxes or Vessels well operculated for so their virtue is retained more securely Many think that Antidotes against the poyson of Beasts are safest kept in leaden Vessels which in Galen's time were reposed in pretious and now in earthen Vessels CHAP. XIII Of such as by a certain Antinomasia are preferred before others from which their denomination is desumed THat God might free Man from those erumnies and egritudes wherewith he is daily pestered he hath adorned the Earth like a little Paradise or rich Garden with innumerable Herbs and Plants that by their pleasant odour refocillate his spirits by their variegated colours recreate his eyes which in sanity allow him nutriment in fickness resreshment and liberty from the all commanding Tyrant Death In which plentifull Soyl many of the same kinde fruicate and occur us which being indistinguishable because of their similarity in form and quality have obtained the same denomination For who can distinguish of the infinite sorts of Flowers and Grass who can define their number or describe the differences of Gerania Heriatum Anemones Daffadils and many more Plants in whose various variety Nature seems to delight it self Now since some of these are absolutely described without any addition of particular or peculiar description those must alwayes be elected and used which Experience hath proved better And this Theorem must be perpetually observed in such as have some analogy among themselves that that be alwayes assumed which is best in every kinde as when we describe Aloes simply we mean Aloe succatrine And that I may give you a few examples for many When we put Vinegar simply we do not mean that they may take Beer but Wine-vinegar when Balsam we mean Egyptian Balsam when Benioin we mean that same which from its white spots like Almonds is called Amygdalite And when we put Cassia absolutely Cassia Fistula must be exhibited when Coral red which is accounted best So also the rest are understood of the best of that kinde as Dittany Of The Cretensian Dittany Aristolochy Of Round Sweet root Of Liquorice Endive Of Broad-leav'd Succory Epithyme Of Woodbind growing about Thyme Fenicle Of Fennel Earth gall Of The lesser Centaury Gum Of Arabick Pomegranate Of Acid. Hepatica Of Liverwort Ivy Of Corymbiferous Jasmine Of White Henbane Of White Lettice Of Garden Lilly Of White and bulbous Horebound Of White Mint Of Garden Githe Of The seed onely Water-lilly Of White Cresses Of The seed onely Oil Of Olive Opium Of Thebane Poppy Of White Polypody Of the Oke The lesser Quercle Of Germander The greater Plantain Of Ribwort Rose Of Red. Meadow-green Of Meadow-sweet Staechados Of Arabick Santalum Of The Citron Longwort Of White Turpentine Of Venetian Betony Of Masculine Violet Of Black or rather ceruleout Xyloaloes Of Blackish Iris Of Florentinian Ginger Of Malvaticall which is the best and most sought of by Persians Arabians and Barbarians CHAP. XIV Of such Roots Seeds Flowers Stones and Waters as excell others in dignity MAny Simples of several kinds have symbolical qualities and yet Experience hath demonstrated that some of them excell others and are more convenient for the profligation of diseases as being endued with a better altering roborating or purging faculty and exhibiting more successfull effects of which are some Plants or parts thereof and some Minerals which being absolutely described put the Apothecary upon doubts Radices aperientes majores who is ignorant of the genuine dilucidation whose tenuity that we may auxiliate we will give him the names of the five opening roots Radices aperitive majores and they are the roots of Smallage Sperage Parsley Fennel and Butchers-broom Besides which other five are much celebrated to wit the roots of Grass the greater Madder Oenone Capers and Eryngium The four greater or colder seeds are the seeds of Limons Semina frigida 4. majora Gourds Melons and Cucumbers the four lesser of Lettices Purslain Endive and Succory The four greater or hotter seeds Semina calida majora totidem minora are of Anise Fennel Cummin and Carraway the four less hot of Ameos our Ladies Rose Smallage Carret Cordial flowers are onely three Cordiales tres to wit of Violets Bugloss and Borrage which if they be such are then most effectual when recent and retentive of their colour and odour for when they are dry insipid and inodorous they have either quite lost or much weakned their qualities And indeed
Quarum decoctionum frequens usus which after percolation is assumed by the mouth either alone or mixed with other Medicaments dissolved of which sort is the common decoction of any Medicament and the pectorall decoction which no Medick can well be without Now every decoction is either small or much or indifferent according to the substance and strength of the Medicament which is to be cocted Quae parum aut multum decoqucnda for some must be decocted gently as having a rare sustance and weak and dissipable faculties others will sustain a more valid decoction as consisting of a firm crass and dense substance and endued with faculties not so dissoluble others require a mode rate decoction whose substance and faculties are of a mean consistency thus Fruits would not be so little nor Flowers so much cocted as Roots When a Decoction is prescribed absolutely without the special designation of any liquor Aquae quantitas in decoctis parandis it ought to be made either in pure and simple water as fountain or river water or else in rain water the quantity whereof must respond to the quantity of the Simples to be cocted as near as may be without exuberance or defect for when Simples through coction depose their qualities into the water if it be copious and they few the decoction after percolation will retain be weak faculties As on the contrary if many Simples be cocted in little water the decoction will be exhaled and dissipated and the Simples burned rather than brought to elixation which is acquired by moderate heat in an humour proportionate to the quantity and nature of the thing cocted Those that sustain the longest coction require more abundance of water the shorter the less many Simples require much so that those that are hard and require long coction should be demerged in water and covered two or three fingers therein Thus a certain measure of water cannot be defined but is often left to the Apothecaries judgement When a Decoction is to be made onely for one dosis Aquae quantitas pro dosi pa randa it 's enough to elixate a few Simples in half a pound of water on a slow fire till it be boyled to half if for two dosis then in a whole pound of water if for four in two pounds And thus may the quantity of water be augmented as the Simples are augmented There are furthermore three Decoctions very usual in making Medicines The first is called the common Decoction which is commonly used to the dissolution of Purgatives sometimes to the coction of Senny leaves and sometimes to the infusion of Simples The second is commonly called the pectoral Decoction because it is used to all such as bring adjument to the pectoral parts The third is the glysteral Decoction of which in its place All men do not describe their Confections alike but every one adds or detracts something according to his judgement This is the most vulgar and usual description of the common Decoction â„ž of clean Barley p. j. of sweet Plums nu vj. of Raisons stoned Liquorice scraped an â„¥ ss of Anise and Fennel seeds an Ê’ ij is winter Decoctio communis medicinae but in summer of the four greater cold seeds an Ê’ ij of the three cordial flowers an p. j. let the Decoction be made in two pound of water till half be consumed This Decoction percolated will be enough for four ordinary doses or three extraordinary The pectoral Decoction whereof is frequent use in pectoral affections is variously also prescribed but that which Rondeletius gave is thus amended by Bauderonius â„ž of whole Barley p. j. of Figs and Jujubs an nu vj. of Dactyls Decoctio pectoralis nu vj. of Raisons stoned and Liquorice an Ê’ ss of Hyssop pretty dry m. ss boyl them in lb. ij of rain or fountain water to the half Some substitute Sebestens for Jujubs others augment the quantity of Hyssop others adde Capillaries and Cordial Flowers but since their virtue is pectoral enough which are contained in the form prescribed there is no necessity of loading it with more especially considering that by how much more Simples go to the making of them up by so much is their making and assumption more difficult and so on the contrary CHAP. II. Of a Dosis THat certain and convenient quantity of any Medicament which is prescribed or rather given to a sick man at once or necessity compelling at twice is a Dosis for Dosis is Dation whereof there are as many varieties as there are differences in the nature or properties of Medicaments or Bodyes to which the Medicaments are offered Dosis medicamentorum varia For there is one Dosis of Liquids another of Solids and another of those that have a middle consistency Catharticks also are given in various Doses which having once entred into the body if they be too valid or exhibited in too great measure do not onely exagitate the superfluous humours but also the good and laudable and by griping the bowels hurt the faculties there inhering One Dosis also is given to children another to young men another to men of strength another to old men according to their several natures customes and strength The Dosis of Liquids is measured and given in ounces of Solids sometimes in grains often in drams and sometimes in ounces Altering Medicaments are seldome given by one ounce alone Alterantium medicamentorum dosis unless it be to children or else that they be endued with eximious and valid qualities as Aqua vitae Cinamon and those we call Imperial Their more usual Dosis consists of three or four ounces if they be exhibited in greater measure they cause loathings they subvert the ventricle and are insuccessfully excluded by vomit Roboratives especially liquid ones Roborantium dosis are given from one ounce to three or four solid ones are sometimes given by grains as the Powder of Monoceros sometimes by scruples and drams as Cordial Confections and many Antidotes Purgatives are measured and given after the same manner Purgantium some by three six or eight grains as Diacrydion and Stibium also which though it be immite and effrenous yet tamed and castigated by Art and exhibited by a prudent Physician often produces successfull effects And I see no reason why it may not be used in stead of better to the cure of a contumacious disease For if it be lawfull for mans subsidy to seek remedies from Vipers flesh Neotericorum in inveniendis remediis sedulitas and their very skin and excrements how can it be illegitimate to expect solace from those Medicaments which Neotericks sedulity have invented their industrious dexterity have secured and many experiences have proved though the Antients either were ignorant of them neglected them or administred them unduely as now adayes many malevolent Circulators who kill innumerable with their Stibium that is ill prepared and exhibited in an undue dosis neither when nor to whom
two ounces of sugar to every dragm of powder I shall onely hint here a little of tables in this book since I have Cap. 11. lib. 3. at large discoursed not onely of liquid Electuaryes but solid also and tabells in the description of such Medicaments as may be long preserved Yet that I may suggest the formes of all Medicaments to him that would confect them I will adde some few receipts of roborative tabells as ℞ Cordiall Tabulets Spec. Elect. diamarg. frigid de Gemmis anaʒ ss powder of the bone in the heart of a Hart ℈ ss Spodium ℈ i. with sugar dissolved in Rose water ℥ iii. make them into Tabulets ofʒ i. orʒ ii weight take one of them every morning fasting Such as are rich and begin to recover from some long disease or are any way troubled with palpitations and swoundings let them get these tabells confected ℞ Pul. Aureae Alexandrinaeʒ ss diacinam hyacinthor smaragdor pearle finely powdered of each ℈ i. Monoceros horn and Bezoar stone of each ℈ ss with sugar dissolved in Rose water ℥ iiii make them into little Tabuletts Those tabells they call Manus Christi are reducible to this head which are nothing else but Sacharum rosatum either simple as the common or more compound which admitts of Pearls in its confection and is called Manus Christi perlata which is thus confected ℞ Manus Christi perlata Of the whitest sugar dissolved in Rose water and cocted till above the consistency of a syrup ℥ ii pearl finely powderedʒ i. fiant Tabella CHAP. XXII Of Powders BEsides those powders kept in shops for future uses whereof we have spoken elsewhere there many others which are made for present use as the digestive powder which helps the frigidity of the ventricle Pulvis digestivus and the imbecility of the coctive faculty being confected of such Medicaments as are stomachicall roborative help concoction and dispell flatuosity and it is thus made ℞ The seeds of Dill and Coriander prepared of eachʒ ii Orange pill Conditedʒ i ss Pulvis flatus discutiens Cinamonʒ i. Mace Cloves of eachʒ ss sugard Candy ℥ ii or iii. make of these a powder Another Powder also of eximious power and vertue to roborate the ventricle and parts addicted to sanguification and dissipate flatuosity is thus confected ℞ The seeds of sweet Fennell and Coriander Condited of eachʒ i ss Squinant Calomus aromatic an ʒ ss Dianisi Diamargar frigid and Diacinamon of each ℈ i. A crust of Bread well toasted ʒ ii sugar ℥ ii make them into a powder Cordiall and Alexiteriall powders that roborate the principall parts and faculties in malignant feavers may be thus confected ℞ The roots of Angelico Tormentill of eachʒ ss A Cordiall Powder Ligni Aloes ℈ i. Citron seeds and Cinamon of each ℈ ss the bone in the heart of a Hart burnt Ivory the best pearle of each ℈ i. Monoceros horne Bezoar stone of each ℈ ss Dictamusʒ ss sugar of Roses ℥ i ss make of them a powder which must be taken fasting or long after meat with the water of Scordium or Carduus or some distilled restrative or other convenient liquor There are also topicall powders which are applyed to solidate wounds and implete ulcers with flesh of which in their place THE SECOND SECTION Of such as are either ingested or injected CHAP. I. Of Errhins ALL Medicaments are either assumed ingested or applyed Juleps Apozemes Syrups and all such as enter only at the mouth whereof we have before treated are assumed Errhins Suppositories and Clysters are ingested Unguents Salves Fomentations and many more whereof we shall now treat in order are applyed we begin with such as ingrede the body but not at the mouth but the nose privy parts or fundament and have their egresse where they made their ingresse Those which are immitted at the nose are thence called Errhins and vulgarly Nasalia those which are exhibited at the nose to purge the head are thence commonly called caputpurgia by the suffrage of Chyrurgicall Medicks They are constituted of Medicaments indued with a sharp and exterging faculty whereby the expulsive faculty being more validly excited moves and expells the humour lodged in the brain such as be the qualities of Bete Sow-bread wild Cucumber and the juice of Marjoram as also the powder of Euphorbium Hellebore and Pepper and of such like sharp Medicaments which snuffed up the nostrills move sternutation and purge the brain some also consist of astrictive and agglutinative Medicaments as those which are prescribed to stay a bloody flux They are given in divers formes either liquid which must be attracted by the nose or solid which must be ingested into the nostrills or pulverall which must be snuffed up A liquid Errhin is thus confected ℞ A l'quid Errhine Of the juice of the root of Beet and the leaves of majoran of each ℥ i. of the juice of Brank ursine and Sow-bread of each ℥ ss fiat Errhinum let a portion of it as ℥ ss be attracted in the morning up your nose again and again still keeping water in your mouth least the Errhin from the nose flowinto your mouth Some are given in forme of an unguent which they daub on the interiour part of the nostrills and they are good for such as are troubled with continuall headache with bad eyes Epilepsy and dulnesse of smell their bodyes bring first duely purged and they are made thus ℞ Of wild Cucumber Pellitory of each ℈ j. white Pepper An Erhine in the form of an Unguent Carpesium or Cubebs and stavesacre of each ʒ ss with a little oil of orris and wax make it up into a liniment A solid Errhine to stay the bleeding of ones nose is thus made ℞ Bole-Armenick Draggons blood of eachʒ j. Roses Balaustians of eachʒ ss and with a little whites of eggs well beaten make them up into the Consistency of a sollid Errhin or immerge therein a little Hares down or cotten and make it like a tent to be put up the nose in a pyramidall forme to which annexe a thread that you may extract it at your pleasure Ptarmicall or neezing powder when it s used for Errhins is thus described ℞ Hellibor both white and black of eachʒ i. Euphorbium ℈ ss dryed orrisʒ ss make of these a very fine powder let a small portion thereof be snuffed up the nose after a convenient Catharticke CHAP. II. Of Pessi or Pessaries BY the name Pessus or Pessarium we understand all those suppositoryes which are immitted into the privy parts which are by Hyppoerates called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as unguents plaisters roots or bruised hearbs and penicills but here they are taken for a long Medicament equalizing or exceeding the length and thicknesse of a finger which is intermitted into womens naturalls with a thread bound to it that being so far intruded it may be more commodiously extracted A Pessaryes forme should be pyramidall smooth round Pessorum
then on a gentle fire in a little pipkin to aperfect consistency and make a suppository of the longitude of a finger For one cannot coct so little honey as to make up one suppository with honey alone least so little quantity as would serve one glans be burned or cause the ignition of the vessell before it can acquire a tractable consistency This suppository is very good to kill the worms of the fundament and educe that phlegme whereon they feed â„ž Another for the wormes AloesÊ’ i ss Agaricke Wormewood of eachÊ’ j. sal Gemm Ê’ ss make of chese a powder to which add honey boyled to a consistency â„¥ ij and according to art rowl them up into suppositories Let them be immerged in the oil of bitter Almonds or of Wormewood or in the gall of an Oxe till use calls for them For Infants they cut a piece of white sope like an acorn which they immit or sometimes the stalke of a Bete or Mercury dawbed with butter instead of a suppository for all these gently exonerate the belly CHAP. V. Of Glysters or Enemata GLyster or Clysmus is a word borrowed from the Greeks signifying ablution as Enema injection and both are used for the same thing for ablution cannot be in the belly but by injection of some thing which by the fundament is immitted to the intestines to excite the excretive faculty to mollify the bardness of the belly to alter the intemperature to ease the dolour to discuss the flatuosity to cohibit the fluour and kill and expell the worms in the intestines Glysters are instituted for many more effects also The commodities that ensue Glysters for no part in the body almost but it receives solace from them Com. ad Aph. 17. lib. 18. if dolour possess the head if lippitude the eyes if strangulation the jaws if suffocation the breast if inflation the belly if inflammation the reins if dissury or ischury the bladder a Glyster will successfully cure all these evils Now the Uterus hath its proper Glysters which must be infunded into its fundament by a Metrenchyta the bladder it s Glysters neither want the bowels theirs whose orifice is narrow and nervous and their cavity profound And it is taken for a liquid Medicament infused into the intestines by the fundament whereof there are various descriptions according to the variety of the affections for which they are ordained as to mollify the belly after this manner â„ž Mallows Violets Marsh-mallows brank Ursin Mercury Pelitory ana m. j. sweet Fennel seed â„¥ ss in the Summer time the four greater cool seeds â„¥ j. boyl these in a sufficient quantity of water till a third part be consumed of which after it is strained take lb. j. ss for strong people but for the younger sort lb. j. for infants lb. ss This decoction may in Summer be kept uncorrupt two dayes in some cold place in Winter four but it is best when it is new made Quamdiu decoctum pro Clyst possit incorruptum ser vari and those Apothecaries do ill that keep it a whole week and then use it Folia Orientalia are oft decocted herein and some Electuaries and Honey dissolved according to the various intentions of the Physician as to excite the slowness of the belly and to educe the humours lurking there And better to excite the drowsy faculty something of common Salt or pretious may be added Clysteris inventionem avis dedisse fertur whose virtue in moving the belly is thought to be known by the Bird called Ibis not much unlike a Stork which with its long bill draws up sea water and immits it into its belly whereby it is purged hence according to Galen praef sai introduct was the use of Glysters learned But be sure no Salt be dissolved in the Glysters prescribed to the dissentery for it will much imbitter the dolour of the intestines This Glyster will discuss flatuosity â„ž A Carminate Glyster Marsh-mallows Pelitory tops of Dill Origanum Calamint Southernwood the flowers of Melilot and Chamomile ana m j. the seeds of Cummin Anise Coriander ana â„¥ ss boyl them in the Colature dissolve Honey of Rosemary â„¥ ij Bened. Laxativ Ê’ vj. El. de Baccis Lauri â„¥ ss Ol. Anethi â„¥ iij. fiat Enema Some instead of Oils made by infusion dissolve Ê’ j. of Oil of Aniseed educed by the chymical art or a little more or less as the condition of the body and disease require which I have oft expenenced with success when I could not have any other to my minde Here note Validius purgant Clysteres qui pinguia non admittunt that that injection wherein Oil or Butter or both have been mixed doth attract the humours more slowly for the faculty of the Catharticks is dulled with the addition of fats but the dolour of the intestines is sooner quelled Oils and Greases are mixed and added rather to mollify and leniate than attract As â„ž Of the decoction of the four emollient herbs lb. j. dissolve therein Honey of Violets red Sugar Catplicon â„¥ j. ss Oil of Chamomile fresh Butter ana â„¥ ij conquass them together fiat Clysmus Take notice also that Injections or Glysters do not onely purge the inferiour intestines but the middle also and sometimes the superiour as when the ventricle is ill affected and attracts it from the inferiour intestines so that Galen cap. 1. lib. 3. de sympt caus asserts that some have vomited up part of a Glyster though elswhere he seems to hold the contrary Which may happen also when a Glyster made of Milk or the decoction of Flesh is injected into some macilent fellow with whose sweetness and gratefull warmth his empty ventricle being allured sucks and attracts the liquor to it self that it may be refreshed therewith as we may reade in the Writings of Avenzoar Theys cap. 18. tract 10. lib. 1. This Glyster is good against the Lethargy Apoplexy and other affections of the brain whereby the senses droop and the faculties become dull â„ž Betony Marjoran Calamint Sage Origanum ana m. j. Mercury Arach ana m. ij boyl them with â„¥ ij of Senna andÊ’ ij of Aniseeds in a pint of the Colature dissolve Honey of Rosemary â„¥ ij Confectio Hamech and Hier. Diacolocynthidos ana â„¥ ss SaltÊ’ ij fiat Clyster This Glyster cures the dissentery or other great flux in the belly â„ž Plantain Knot-grass Mullet ana m. j. boyl them in lb. j. of Milk and lb. ss of Bean-cod water till the third part be consumed in the Colature dissolve Bole-armeniack and Starch anaÊ’ ij the yolk of one Egge and so make it into a Glyster SECTION III. Of such as are extrinsecally applyed and first CHAP. I. Of Baths WHEN we mention a Bath we mean such an one as is made of sweet water whether pluvial or fluvial not such sordid Baths as they have in some places in Spain where they wash or rather inquinate themselves in urine long kept for that purpose
nor yet those medicinal Baths wherewith many places of the Earth abound which because of several Minerals they pass through acquire several sapours and odours and eximious faculties in curing many affections For the Earth produces almost as many Springs of Medicinal Waters as diseases Gal. cap. 5. lib. 1. de sanitate tuenda wherewith Normandy and almost all France and Germany and Italy abound But we here speak of a Bath which being made of simple water or the decoction of some herb may be provided in any house Now Baths are instituted for three causes to wit for delight Balneorum usus triplex for preservation of sanity and depulsion of diseases The antient Romanes were great admirers of Baths for pleasure and therefore they made Baths for publick uses both for amplitude and artifice inimitable the structure being of Alexandrian and Numidian Marble Balneorum superha structura for the walls were adorned on one side with Thasian stones on the other with Pictures much recreating the sight their cocks were of silver which distilled warm or hotter water as they would into the vessel for they were so much taken with Lavacres that some of them especially their Emperours and Senatours Balnea Romani habebant in deliciit who had Baths apart would bathe themselves seven times a day And seeing Baths are very voluptuous as Ulpianus not without reason attests the Jews that lived at Tripolis and Damascus had Baths for pleasure wherein men and women bathed promiscuously before Antoninus the Philosophers time which they therefore called Gymnasies To preserve sanity Beâ—â—eorum magna militas such as have a hot liver or squalid skin are much helped by frequent bathings in warm water as Oribasius cap. 27. lib. 1. asserts To depell diseases Baths are very usefull for Galen cap. 10. lib. 10. meth med c. 20. lib. 12. commends them in the Hectick Diarian and sometimes in the putrid feaver with due observation Hippocrates also before Galens time attested in many places that Baths conduce to the cure of many diseases part 44. lib. 3. de vict acutor for they open the pores discuss the humours abate the heat of the bowels take away lassitude dilute the terrene and melancholical humour or at least temper and moderate it Make a Bath of milk alone or a very small quantity of water and milk for such as are rich and labour under a Hectick Feaver for such as are not rich let water suffice and that fluvial or pluvial rather than fountain water wherein for more success coct some parts or else integral plants as Marsh-mallows Mallows Violets Vine leaves and Colesfoot of each m. iiij boyl them in a sufficient quantity of water for a Bath For the morphew or fedity of the skin after the emendation of the prave humours and diminution of blood by purge and phlebotomy let the body be immerged in the aforesaid Bath then let him be washed three four or more times if need be in this following Bath â„ž The leaves of Enulacampane Sorrel Scabious ana m. vj. Tatsane and Fumatory ana m. iij. boyl them in a sufficient quantity of water to fill the Bath Some foolish Wretches believe that the Leprosy may be cured by a Bath of Mans blood but this horrible Prescript seems to be an invention of the Devil and not at all to be admitted for such a Disease whereby the whole Oeconomy of Nature is ruined can neither by external application nor internal assumption nor by both together be emended CHAP. II. Of a Semicupium or Insess AS a Bath is a Lavacre of the whole body except the head which partakes also of the vapours so an Insess of half the body for it is a Bath onely of the belly or a half Bath full of convenient liquor wherein the diseased may sit up to his ventricle his legs and feet be put out called by the Greeks 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by the Latines Insessus or Insessio and sometimes Semicupium It is constituted of the same Materials that make up a Bath and Fomentation and it is less than one greater than the other It is very usefull for it mollifies the Uterus reserates its vessels Semicupii usus asswages colical passions and other dolours caused in the reins by the stone in the ureters by obstructions or in other inferiour parts of the belly This Semicupium will by the emollition and deduction of the vessels asswage the dolour of the stone in the reins â„ž Beets Marsh-mallows Mallows Violets Pelitory tops of Dill anam iij. Linsed â„¥ ij boyl all these in rain water or fountain till their virtues be transmitted pro semicupio Some put the materials in some bag and apply them to the place most pained in the very insession The body that abounds with crude and viscid humours should be first purged by some convenient Medicament if time permit if not then with a Glyster Some make Insessions of the decoction of Tripes to cure the exsiccation hardness and tension of the belly and the colical dolours some adde milk to them others wine others oil That colical dolour which arises from much flatuosity distending and excruciating the belly may be cured with this Semicupium â„ž Polium of the mount Calamint Origanum tops of Dill Melilet Marjoran ana m. iij. the seeds of Cummin Anise Fennel Bay-berries ana â„¥ j. put them all in two bags and boyl them in water sufficient for a Semicupium wherein the diseased must be demerged with his face upward from the knees to the navel CHAP. III. Of a Vaporary AVaporary consists of the same things a Semicupium is made of though in less quantity for it is enough that a few herbs or such things be cocted in a Kettle and the vapour thereof traduced through a hole in a chair whereon the diseased sits to move the Uterus or Fundament for it is onely made to reserate the Uterus to evoke or stay Flowers to open or constringe the Hemorrhoides to asswage dolour and to alter some intemperancy To provoke Flowers lest the vapour should be disgregated and exhaled into the ambient air the perforated chair whereon the diseased woman sits should be accurately involved in many cloaths for so the ascendent vapour will be easily carried to the privities and permeating the orifice of the vessels will attenuate the blood and excite it to motion This Receipt is fit to move Flowers and Hemorrhoides â„ž Marsh-mallows Mugwort Calamint Hyssop Winter-savoury Marjoran ana m. j. Savin m. ij the flowers of Melilot Chamemile and Jasmine ana m. ss let the Decoction be made in water and in a fourth part of white wine and let the vapour be admitted as above This Prescription is accommodate to stay both fluxes to wit of Flowers and Hemorthoides â„ž Shepherds purse Knot-grass Mouse-ear Plantain ana m. j. Roses m. ij Balaustians m. j. boyl them in Bean cod water let the vapour enter in at the genitals This will asswage and allay the dolour of
the Hemorrhoides â„ž Mullein m. ij Marsh-mallows m. j. Linseed â„¥ ss boyl them in milk and whil'st they are hot put them in a stool-pan and sit upon it that the vapour may ingrede the fundament CHAP. IV. Of an Hypocaust or Sudatory AN Hypocaust is a place made like a little Fornace Hypocaustum quid wherein sweat is procured by dry heat ascending through like Spiracles from the fire set under it It is called by another name to wit Unde dicatur Laconicum Ejus usus Laconicum because the Laconians chiefly used it as the Romanes did baths It conduces much in frigid and diuturnal diseases for seeing its fervid and sharp heat doth not onely calefy the external habit of the body but the very praecordia and internals also it potently opens the passages calefies melts and by sweat educes the humours But seeing this external calour continually thus occurring and insinuating it self into the internals doth speedily project the humours it can scarce be tolerated one quarter of an hour without dissipation of the spirits and loss of strength whereupon swoundings often follow but the more delicate and such also whose bodyes are loaden with impure excrements are chiefly in danger of this delinquency Quae ingressum bypocausti praecedere debent He therefore that consults his sanity should never enter these Sudatories till he have by purge and phlebotomy if need be exonerated his body for so the reliques of those humours that infest his body may be easily projected by sudour The Rusticks custome is irreproveable who being destitute of an Hypocaust extracted by due and artificial industry take a Hogshead of a just magnitude and calefy it either by a fire or by setting it over a pan full of burned coals or a vessel full of hot water and set therein sweating profusely and with case without any danger of swourding Some will sit in an oven where bread is but lately drawn out put their heads onely out at the mouth thereof and so sweat abundantly Chirurgions have invented a certain Aestuary of a vimineous texture like a Bird-cage wherein they excite such to sweat as are infested with the French disease which they properly call a Cage wherein the Birds do not nourish but are nourished These miserable Wretches are included herein with hot bricks and almost suffocated till they sweat abundantly in every part of their bodyes having before drunk of the Decoction of Lignum sanctum or Sarsaparilla or some other Alexitery which will both move sweat and deleate the French disease CHAP. V. Of Fomentations FOments are so commodious that no part of the body is averse to their sanative operations Aetius prescribes this Medicament to fore eyes Trallian initio lib. 6. to the ears to the flux of the belly yea he thinks them convenient to asswage any dolour Celsus cap. 12. lib. 3. admits of Foments in Feavers and thinks they should not be omitted but by all means applyed to pleuritical hepatical splenical and arthritical persons as also to the calculative or other parts affected where the ulcer hath not dissolved the continuity nor divided the integrity For Oribasius cap. 29. lib. 9. saith they rarify the skin for transpiration attenuate the blood discuss part thereof and so operate that the parts affected are not so dolorous Foments therefore are made for many purposes as thus to roborate the ventricle â„ž Wormwood both the Mints tops of Dill Roses of each m. ij A Foment roborating the stomack Penniroyal Marjorum of each m. j. Balaustians Cyperus nuts bruised of each â„¥ j. boyl them in water with a fourth part of wine added towards the end of the Coction and foment the ventricle with sponges dipped therein as hot as can be suffered Trallian prescribes many Foments to the splenetick affections which consist of such things as roborate it or as incide and digest the humours or as change and alter its intemperance This Foment after purgation doth remove obstructions and roborate it â„ž Cetrarch or Spleen-wort Roman Wormwood Staechados A Fotus for the spleen Tamaris of each m. ij Broom flowers Jasmine of each m. j. boyl them in water and wine for a good space and to every pint of the Decoction adde Oil of Capars â„¥ iij. with which foment the part affected either with sponges or bladders filled and applyed This Foment is very good to cure the Pleurisy â„ž For the Plenrisy Marsh-mallows Mallows Violets of each m. ij the flowers of Melilot and Chemomile tops of Dill of each m. j. Linseed â„¥ j. boyl these either in water or milk and foment the side either with cloaths or spunges dipped therein After the foment liniate the part with some lenitive Oil as Oil of Lillyes Almonds or Violets or else with new Butter This foment for the diseased of the Stone must be applyed to the region of the reins â„ž Fotus pro calculosis Water-cresses Pelitory Beets Violets of each m. ij Faenugreek â„¥ ij boyl them in Hydromel and foment the reins therewith CHAP. VI. Of Epithemaes SOme make no difference betwixt a Foment and an Epithema but Fernalius rightly asserts them to be different Medicaments Differentia inter fotum epithema both from their forms and their efficacy seeing a Foment endued with many qualities may be constituted many wayes and applyed to many parts But an Epithema is chiefly eximious for two qualities to wit alterative whereby it emends some distemper and roborative or alexiterial whereby it strengthens the heart and oppugns some kinde of poyson and for the most part applyed onely to the regions of the heart and liver They consist of distilled Epithematum materia cordial and alterative waters or liquid decoctions mixed with powders of fingular virtues wherein the proportion of powder is of one scruple or half a dram to every ounce of water which we mix with a little vinegar Some Alexipharmacal Confection is sometimes diluted in stead of powders as in some pestilent season or in some malignant distemper which impairs the strength of the heart and faculties of the diseased for in such a case it is most secure to mix some Antidote or Mithridate with the Epithema This Epithema doth refrigerate and roborate the liver inflamed with a Feaver â„ž An Epithema cooling the liver of the waters of Succory Endive Water-lillyes and Plantain of each â„¥ iij. Vinegar of RosesÊ’ j. Pulvis Triasant â„¥ j. ss Diarrhadon AbbatisÊ’ j. Troches of CamphorÊ’ ss fiat Epithema and with a cloth dipped in it bathe the region of the liver An Epitheme thus confected will muniate and preserve the heart and strength of the vital faculties â„ž An Epithema to comfort the heart of the waters of Bugloss Scabious Cardaus Sorrel Roses of each â„¥ iij. spec diamarg. frigid Triasant of eachÊ’ j. ss Powder of Tormentill Gentian Dictamus and grains of Kermes of eachÊ’ ss with which besprinkle a linnen cloth and apply it hot to the region of the heart The Antients
much commended the use of Scarlet cloth which is not approved of by the more recent because in its tincture it is infected with much Arsenick but I approve of it in poysonous diseases seeing poysons in such a case are often salutiferous CHAP. VII Of Lotion WE understand not by Lotion here a bath of cold water as Oribasius cap. 7. lib. 1. and Paulus cap. 51. lib. 1. do but the ablution of some particular member in some medicinal decoction to take away its filth correct its distemper digest its humour roborate its parts mitigate its dolour and to conciliate sleep This Decoction will by ablution of the head kill Lice ℞ Staves-acre ℥ ij Wormwood Tansy Betony A Lotion to kill lice the lesser Centanry of each m. ij Coloquintide seeds ℥ ss boyl them in a sufficient quantity of water till a third part be consumed and with a sponge wash his head This Lotion will denigrate the hairs of hoary heads which I prescribe to such old women as would not betray their age to their husbands by their whiteness ℞ The bark of Oke and Elm of each ℥ ij Galls ℥ ij the bark of Wallnuts lb. ss the leaves of the Pomegranate tree and Mirtle of each m. ss boyl them in a sufficient quantity of water adde thereunto Alume ℥ ij Vitriol ℥ j. after the Colature wash the hairs therewith letting it dry in the Sun Yet Galen cap. 1. lib. 1. de comp med loc professes that he never exhibited any thing to such as adorned themselves for their own or others delight for this were all one as to paint a Sepulcher In times past men washed their heads more frequently than now adayes which caused of late this Proverb Wash your head never feet seldome hands often This Lotion made of the decoction of such Simples will mitigate calour and soporate the senses will by ablution of the feet therein conciliate sleep ℞ Lettice m. iij. Betony Water-lillyes of each m. ij Poppy flowers A Lotion to wash the feet to cause rest m. j. boyl them in water and wash the feet therewith CHAP. VIII Of an Embroche or Aspersion BY Embrochation we mean the irrigation of some part affected with some Oil Decoction or Liquor accommodated to the cure of that distemper distilled thereon like rain and hence Embroche from the Greek word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to rain This Medicament according to Aetius cap. 172. ser 3. tetr 1. is used when bathing is for some circumstances prohibited And as it is the decoction of Poppy and Chamemile it conduces much to such as are infested with night-watches feavers and delirations Archigenes seeing his Master Agathinus to rave because of his long wakes freed him both from his deliry and wakings by irrigating his head with much hot Oil. These irrigations seem to differ from foments onely in this that they are distilled upon the part from on high the foments being onely applyed thereunto by sponges cloaths or in bags Now according to Oribasius Prigatio cap. 23. lib. 9. we use irrigation onely when some inflammation must be resolved or ulcer suppurated Aspersion but aspersion in washing the face and in hot feavers and that in Summer with cold water in Winter with warmer Yet in more simple Feavers as also in the subversion of the stomack we use water mixed with vinegar in aspersion We use aspersions also to cure eyes infested with fluxes by the decoction of Basil which is most efficacious subjecting a dry sponge under the chin lest the water run down to the breast An Embroche or Irrigation is compounded of Simples cocted in Wine Water Lees or Oil as this same for the Lethargy ℞ Embroche capitis Cyperus Calamus Aromaticus Orris Bay tree of each ℥ ss Sage Rosemary Penniroyal Calamint Staechados of each m. ss Squinant Coriander seed Cummin seed of eachʒ ij boyl these in three pints of water till the third part be consumed adde to the Colature Aqua vitae ℥ iij. besprinkle this on the head An Irrigation to conciliate sleep consists of Simples endued with quite contrary qualities and is thus made ℞ Lettice m. ij Water-lillyes white Roses of each m. j. Poppy flowers Betony of each m. ss boyl these and let the Colature be sprinkled on the head To Irrigation we may refer the Stillicide or Laver of medicated waters but it is not now our intention to treat thereof but will proceed CHAP. IX Of a Liniment ALiniment is of a middle consistency betwixt an Unguent and Oil being more liquid than an Unguent Linimenium quid and more crass than Oil for it admits of a very little Wax and Fat in its confection and therefore is not fluid without incalescence at the Fire or Sun Its basis is Oil whereunto sometimes is added a little of refinous Fat with Wax yet not so much but it still retains its soft consistency for a Liniment is nothing but a very soft Unguent to the confection whereof any Oil may be assumed so it be accommodated with faculties requisite to the intended scope And therefore almost every Liniment being paregorical and lenitive is confected either of simple Oil or of Oil of Almonds Violets or such like which will not excessively alter any temper as this same to abate the dolour of the side in a Pleurisy ℞ Oil of sweet Almonds ℥ ij ss fresh Butter ℥ j. Litus ad pleuritidem a little Wax to make it up into a Linctus anoint the side therewith Now to mitigate some dolour caused by a frigid humour some Oil must be assumed which is calid in the same degree that it may correct the humours distemper As on the contrary this Liniment made of refrigerating Oils will amend the distemper and asswage the dolour caused by a calid humour ℞ Oil of Water-lillyes ℥ ij ss Oil of Roses ℥ ss Waxʒ iij. Let them be melted for a Liniment ℞ Oil of Violets ℥ ii the musilidge of Marsh-mallow roots or Linsud ℥ i. a little Wax to make it a Liniment and apply it to the part affected This Liniment will mitigate a cold distemper ℞ Oil of Chamomile and Dill of each ℥ i. ss Ducks fat ℥ i. A Litus for a cold distemper Wax ʒ iii. let these be melted together and make a Liniment CHAP. X. Of Mucagines or Musliges BEcause there is often mention made of Mucagines which are either applyed alone or mixed with other Medicaments our Institution leads us now to speak a little thereof Now this Mucilage is efficacious in mollifying humectating and leniating some dolour as that same which is extracted from glutinous roots and seeds sometimes it digests and attracts as that same which is educed out of many gums The seeds of Line Foenugreek Mallows Quinces Flea-wort and Marsh-mallow roots as also their roots macerated in warm water are very mucaginous Figs also Gum Arabick Tragacanthum and Isinglass if they be a whole night infused in water or other liquor and the next
open Euphorbium and Lymnestis otherwise called Adarce and all these must be brayed and strewed into melted Pitch The Dropax must be applyed while it is hot the hairs of the place first shaved off and a special care had lest the strength of the Dropax over-power the diseased If the Dropax be speedily pulled off it confirms the remiss spirits Dropacis effectus revokes them to the superficies and minds them of their work Aetius loco dicto It is sometimes adhibited instead of a Psylothrum to evell the hairs of a scurfy head for that malign filthy contagious ulcer of the head cannot be perfectly cured unless the hair be first evelled or abraded CHAP. XIX Of Psylothers APsylother is referred to the cosmical Medicaments which serve chiefly for the bodies culture and ornament neither Unguent nor Salve nor yet partaking of any special form but a depilatory Medicament which applyed in any form whatever will by its quality erode the hairs or down and so make a rough place smooth Now every Psylother properly so called having an eroding and burning faculty doth not onely attenuate but evell hairs and for a time utterly denude the place and therefore must not be applyed without great care and prudence for if it abide too long on the place especially if it be adustive it will ulcerate the skin raise pimples and burn like a Caustick or erodes like an Escharotical Medicament Oribasins cap. 13. lib. 10. reckons these for such Depilatories as may be safely adhibited to wit stillatitious Lixive Arsenick Sandarach and Calx viva Yet may some of those that exulcerate more vehemently be added to make the Psylothers more valid as Paulus Aegineta doth in this description cap. 52. lib. 3. â„ž * Millepedae Hogs lice Psyâ—othris Pauli Aselli domestici Assellorum domesticorumÊ’ ij Sandarach â„¥ ss Lime stone â„¥ j. old Vinegar the Lixivium of a Fig tree and lb ss boyl them to the consistency of a Liniment This Domesticus Asellus is an Animal which lodges under water vessels and contracts it self into a lump The Greeks call them 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Latines Millepedae the French Cloportes we Palmer worms Rondeletius prescribes this Psylother to absume hairs Rondeletii Psylother that they may never come again â„ž Auripigmentum Ants egs Gum Arabick ana â„¥ ss Gum Hederae â„¥ ij and with the blood of a Bat or juice of Henbane make it up into a Liniment according to art a portion whereof must be applyed to the place you would have denuded after you have shaved off the hair Oribasius and Aetius call white Vine or Briony a Psylother because of its excellent faculty in eroding hairs This Psylother is most efficacious made after this manner â„ž Another Lime-stone â„¥ ij Auripigmentum â„¥ ss let these be boyled in as much Lixivium as will suffice and make thereof a Liniment with which anoint the place for four hours afterwards wash it with clean water In the Turks Dominion there is a Mineral they call Rusma which may justly be preferred before all Psylothers for its preheminency in acting for though it be very temperate and burn not the part to which it is adhibited yet it doth speedily and without dolour erode the hairs denude the place leaving it very smooth without any token of a hair Which that it may be more commodiously applyed it should be levigated into small powder and diluted in water with half as much Calx viva The Turkish women before they go into a Bath or Hypocaust adhibit this mixture to their privy members and arm-holes which places they much desire alwayes to depilate and glabrify This Rusma is like Iron dross but lighter blacker and seemingly exust as Bellonius observes cap. 33. lib. 3. CHAP. XX. Of Vesicatories THis little extrinsecal Medicament Vesicatorium quomodo a sinapismo pyrotico differt from its effect in exciting the bladder we call a Vesicatory It is a little more vehement than a Phoenigm or Sinapism which onely rubrifies the superficies of the skin and more weak than a Pyrotick which burns the skin for being adhibited to the skin it raises the extream surface and causes blisters which being broken emit water in little quantity if the body be dry or the Medicament applyed to the superiour parts in greater quantity if the body be humid or hydropical and it applyed to the inferiour parts as to the leg for the skin being broken the water fluctuating in the belly or legs will sometimes delabe and flow from the little ulcer as from a fountain but the ulcer is sometimes left dysepulotical A Vesicatory applyed behind the ear on the side the tooth affected stands helps the tooth-ach and sometimes by its adhibition to the feet the Gonagry and Podagry are cured and it is thought to be more conducible to the phlegmatick than the cholerick yet I saw the Ring-worm perfectly cured by the application of a Vesicatory which no other presidy could amend Marcellus cap. 19. lib. de remed commends it to the cure of tetters and other affections of the skin Vesicatorium rusticorum If a Vesicatory be applyed to a wound inflicted by some wild beast or to a malign sore near the groins it will evoke the poyson and very much facilitate the cure The Rusticks make it of the roots of Ranunculus bruised and apply it but the Apothecaries make it of Cantharides pulverated and mixed with a little vinegar and leaven that is the best which is confected of the powder of Cantharides mixed with the Gumme of Elemus And it is thus made â„ž Euphorbium Pepper Cantharides ana ℈ ss and with leaven and vinegar make it into a Vesicatory CHAP. XXI Of Pyroticks or Cauteries HIppocrates Aph. ult lib. 7. saith right What Medicaments cannot cure the Sword may what the Sword cannot Fire may but what Fire cannot is altogether incurable For a Disease is oft so efferous as it will yield to no Medicament but must either be cured by section or ustion or both Now ustion is oft performed with a hot Iron which were able to terrifie the most magnanimous in whose stead the sedulity of our Medicks have invented a Medicament which from its operation and effect they name a Pyrotick for in its efficacy it resembles fire by its application it kills the quick flesh absumes the dead flesh and perforates the sound part that it may receive the excretion of the unsound opens the unsound that it eructate its own excrements Thus a Pyrotick makes an abscess for the corruption to break through thus it breaks the impostume and pertunds the fwellings that each may disgorge its own poyson Pyroticks are applyed to divers parts of the body as sometimes to the head sometimes to the arms sometimes to one or other leg to resolve and divert rheumatick humours A Pyrotick is sometimes applyed to that same ample production of the peritoneum where the spermatick veins tend to the testicles for the cure of the bursting
disease Cauterium ad Herniam that new flesh may supply the place of the morbid and intercept the passage of the descendant intestine that so it may be incarcerated in its proper place Many Circulators do so much adhibit this method of curation on the incautions diseased that they burn both Seminaries and productionary vessels with their oft repeated Pyroticks Their materials are all adust and caustical Pyroticorum materia exceeding the fourth degree of heat as Calx viva Arsenick Sublimatum Tartar Orpine Vitriol Nitre and it may be Lixivium as also the result of the ashes of Vine branches Pyroticks have various confections Conficiendi modus every one making them according to their own arbitration and thinking that best they themselves invent I knew a young Barber as ignorant as could be who was wont to adhibit a little Sublimatum subacted with the Egyptian Unguent which he earnestly commended for the best and most secure Pyrotick Marianus in his Chirurgy much esteems this Pyrotick which he desumed from Jo. Vigonius and it is thus described ℞ Lixivium lb. vj. Soap Roman Vitriol ana ℥ j. boyl them together in a brass vessel till the liquidness of the water be consumed and what remains in the bottom let it be reserved of which make Cauteries of what magnitude you please Cardanus confected his Cauteries of Soap and Lime alone mixed beaten and subacted to the form and consistency of an Unguent but now they are made before the fire and acquire a more solid and convenient form as this ℞ Lime stone lb. j. Salt petre ℥ j. infuse them a whole day in four pints of Lixivium afterwards stir it well with a spatula then strain it three or four times till the water be all poured off which dry before the fire or thus after infusion let the whole mixture be agitated with a rudicle next day let it be percolated three or four times till the water be clear which put in a brass vessel and coct it over a luculent fire till the water be consumed but not till all its lentour be exficcated then make of that mass many Cauteries of several magnitudes which preserve in a glass vessel diligently stopped for future use It is also well confected after this manner ℞ Of the ashes of Vine branches lb iiij Sal Gem. ℥ iij. Lime stone lb j. ss infuse them for four or five hours in lb xv of rain water which stir well together for a good space afterwards boyl it a little and when the whole mixture is perfectly cold strain it six or seven times through a thick cloth put the limpid Colature into a brass bason and coct it till a stony matter be left in the bottome which form into Pyroticks of different magnitudes Amongst Pareus his descriptions I finde a Cautery ridiculously called Sericeum whose effect not answering his vain pollicitations I will not here describe CHAP. XXII De Scuto or Of Plaisters made in the form of a Buckler to be applyed to the stomack MAny Medicaments as well assumptive as applicative are prescribed to the frigid distemper and imbecillity of the ventricle Gentle Purgatives and Eustomachical Medicaments as pils of Aloes and Rhabarb Aromaticum rosatum and digestive Powders are assumed Calefactives and Roboratives Cui parti accommodatum as Liniments Foments whereof before and this Scutum whereof we now treat are applyed Now this Medicament peculiar to the ventricle Scutum cur sic dictum is so called from its form it suscitates heat augments strength and helps concoction It is concinnated of some stomachical Emplaister extended upon a quilted piece of Leather and applyed Sometimes there is a piece of Tiffany put betwixt it and the part affected But it is more ordinarily confected of dry Medicaments which roborate the ventricle involved in bombast and sewed in a double cloth like a Buckler The abundance of Calefactives and Roboratives suggest to us such plenty of matter Ventriculum peculiariter respicientia that we may select such as especially respect the ventricle as Nutmeg Mace Cloves sweet Cane Squinant Roses Mint Wormwood and many more which recreate the spirits by their suavcolence and help concoction by their calour A Scutum thus confected is most efficacious for the said uses ℞ Cyperus Lignum Aloes Calamus Aromaticus anaʒ j. Squinant Cinnamon Cloves Nutmegs anaʒ ss Mace ℈ j. red Roses Marjoran Wormwood Mint anaʒ ij Sageʒ j. make of these a fine powder which quilt between two linnen cloaths cut like the form of a Buckler and applyed This Description requires less cost ℞ Galangal Orris Pepper of eachʒ j. Bay berries Cummin seed anaʒ ss both sorts of Wormwood Mint Sage and Rosemary ana us ss make of these a Powder and quilt them between a double sarsnet in cotten wool and apply it to the region of the ventricle CHAP. XXIII Of Cucufa and Semicucufa or quilted Caps THE brain being according to Hippocrates lib. de grandul as it were a great glandule and the head the very seat and continent of Plegm which like a Cucurbite it attracts a great congeries of frigid humours is alwayes resident in the head which unless they be vacuated by some convenient Medicament or else their continual generation hindred they will distill upon the jaws lungs breast and parts subjected Yet many are so averse to vacuate Medicaments or their brains of so frigid a constitution that though often purged yet will they complain of gravity in their heads especially if they have been troubled with any noyse or stood bare-head in the air Therefore after universal purgation a convenient Cucufa must be adapted to the head like a Cap Cephalical Powders being insperged in Cotten and the Cotten sewed within a double cloth and put upon the head to roborate it to cure its cold distemper and to stay the distillation Now all the matter of these Powders wherewith the Coif or Cap is refarciated is not desumed from dry Plants but some from Minerals and Animals which are as delightfull as usefull A Powder thus made is both good and pleasant for a roborative Coif ℞ Cloves Cinnamon Calamus Aromaticus Squinant Orris A Powder for a quilted Cap. ana ʒ j. Bay berries ℈ ij Storax benioin anaʒ ss Mace ℈ j. Marjoran Rosemary anaʒ ij Mosch ℈ ss make of these a Powder which quilt in a Cap. Those that cannot procure a Cucufa thus made may thus confect one with less cost ℞ Betony Balm Sage Staechados Rosemary ana m. ss Another for the same Bay berriesʒ iij. Cumminʒ j. make of all these a gross powder to quilt in a Cap or Coif This Powder may for the same purpose be safely and successfully strewed on the hairs of ones head In sum a Cucufa or Coif and a Scutum or Buckler are confected after one and the same manner onely the form of the Coif hath adapted it to the head the Buckler to the stomack to which parts their faculties are destined as
Of some eximious Flowers from which most efficacious Waters and Oils are extracted and first of Roses ROse is so common spontaneously growing in every hedge that it cannot but be known There are two sorts hereof one wild which is called Cynorrhodon or Dog-rose the other Garden-rose which we call Rose absolutely whereof there are many sorts to wit red white pale incarnate luteous ceruleous which grows in many places in Italy and the mosellate Rose which flourishes in Autumn Other varieties may be educed out of these by art and mangony but three onely are used in Medicine to wit white red and damask waters are distilled out of the white Honey of Roses Conserve Oil and Unguent of the red and Syrup laxative are made of the damask There are many parts in Roses to wit the flower the stalk capillaments granules little flowers the calix the seed the daun Some call those little flowers that adhere to the capillaments Anthera but Anthera properly is a compound Medicament used to the affections of the mouth as it appears by Actuarius c 7. l. 6. meth med by Celsus c. 11. l. 6. by Oribasius and Marcellus All Roses have not the same faculty for the pale relax the red astringe both roborate as also the common white and sweet Roses for all sweet odours recreate and refresh the spirits as also those vital and animal parts that hold the principality CHAP. XXXIX Of Nymphea or Water-Lilly THis Nymphea which the Poets feign to have sprung from a dead Nymph that was jealous of Hercules is the most used of all water-plants in Medicine whereof Pharmacopolists make two sorts one greater which bea rt white flowers the other less which bears luteous flowers Both grow in standing waters and fens The greater hath ample round and green leaves gracile long smooth and round stalks white flowers in candour and magnitude resembling Lillyes and yellow in the middle a black nodous and long root some call it Water Lilly some Neâ—â—â—â—ar and others Heraclea The lesser grows in a slimy watty soyl on slender stalks about three cubits long whereon a yellow shining flower grows like a Rose its root is white nodous sharp and sweet Nymphea refrigerates exceedingly asswages salacity Vires retains the immoderate flux of the seed and being drunk and exhibited by way of liniment it quite extinguishes the seed it conciliates sleep and wholly takes away Venery if its decoction or conserve or syrup made of its flowers be long used CHAP. XL. Of Lilly Lilly is by some of the Greeks called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by others who believe that it was produced by Juno her milk it is called Juno's Rose in Garlands it is placed next to the Rose for its eximious candour suaveolence and elegant form illustrate its dignity This Plant is very fecund for one root will produce and nourish fifty heads It consists commonly of one stalk two cubits high and sometimes higher comous with leaves like Ragwort but something longer twined and green with a flower in form of a basket whole labra constitute a circle out of which bottom issue shining tufts like yellow yearn and whose extremity is tuberous This broad and elegant flower adhering to a small slender and languid peduncle and another to a crass and rigid branch encompassed with leaves which withers about the end of Summer and buds again at the beginning of Autumn There are many sorts of Lillyes for besides the white and common which is so called absolutely there is another they call the white Byzantian Lilly which hath got its distinction from the place where it grows another there is of a cruent colour another yellow another light red There is also a small Lilly they call the Lilly of the Valley and there is a great one they call the Persian Lilly or more commonly the Imperial Crown which the Barbarians of Tusat whereunto we may adde the Day-Lilly Chalcedony Byrantine and such like whereof now to treat were beyond our institution The root of white Lilly is malactical and anodynous and of much use in decocting glysters and confecting emollitive and matter moving Cataplasms An Oil also may be extracted out of the flowers infused for the same purposes Their water also distilled will take wrinkles out of ones face and make it of a very white colour CHAP. XLI Of Crocus or Saffron WE referr to the order of these eximious flowers Saffron the golden coloured red flower of a bulbous Plant which the Physicians call Crocus the French men following the idiome of the Mauritanians Saffron But it is a bulbous Plant lively and carnous whose leaf is narrow and gramineous whose flower is like meadow Hermodactyle with filaments of a purple and golden colour and whose odour is intense with some sharpness It grows best about fountains and high-wayes rejoycing to be torn and trod upon which as they say comes better on by being killed But the best of all grows in Corycus a Mountain of Cilicia for its odour is more fragrant and its colour more aureous It is green in the Spring it dilates it self all Summer in Autumn are its flowers gathered which are not usurped for medicinary and culinary uses solely but many more when any aureous colour is desired Now Crocus is either domestick whereof Dioscorides enumerates many sorts or sylvestrian whereof Dodonaeus describes more all which for brevities sake I omit It is hot in the second degree dry in the first Vires if moderately used it helps the brain refocillates the senses excites sleep and torpour by recreating the heart it begets joyfulness draws the humours to concoction and much profits him that knows how to use it with prudence Mesue makes an Oil thereof which ingredes the confection of the Emplaster made of Frogs It goes also to other compositions as to the Syrup of King Sabor and to the Oxycrocean Emplaster whereunto it gives not onely colour but also eximious faculties SECTION II. Of Purgative Simples The Preface OUR former Section being finished wherein we have clearly unfolded and explained such common Simples as are as it were Preparatives and occur every where to the composition of Medicaments we will proceed therefore in the next place to describe such Catharticks as purge humours by subdacing the belly and they are such as are given sometimes by themselves alone or mingled with such Compositions as are prescribed in our Shop And these are for the most part exetical and forreign conveyed to us dry from savage and barbarous Regions Yet some we have growing with us especially in hot Regions net they do not retain the same virtues and qualities that the other have but come far short and therefore it is that they are rejected and the forreign which are brought from India and Arabia used Notwithstanding our Soyl is not altogether so ungratefull but the it affords many excellent purging Simples as we shall here demonstrait in this Section CHAP. I. Of Rhabarb MAny of the Antients put no difference
so much called medicall Apples from Medus as from their medicall qualityes for their odour pill flesh pulpe succe grains and all are eximiously medicinall here of there are three differences the first is called a Limmon which is turbinated with an oblong effigies is colorated herbaceously and turgid with a more acid acerb and frigid succe corticated with a thinner pill and not so amare as an Orenge the second is the more vulgar Citron very like the former but its colour is more luteous its pill more crasse rugous and caperated and it selfe more crasse odorate medicative and convenient for antidotes the third is greatest called Pom-Citron orbiculated like a melon with a thick carnous pill somtimes aequalling a mans nayle in crassitude with a concolorated superficies which we call Poncerium Citroniatum Assyrian Apple and Adams Apple all which names seem to be deflected from the Tree and as they are alike in Idea so also in facultyes As them of the third sort which we call Ponoeria superate the rest in magnitude so doth the first which we call Lina in parvity for it scarce aequalises an egge in magnitude yea most of that sort when they have attained their perfect growth are no whit crasser then Apricocks some whereof are oblong others short and rotund all suaveolent vestited with a thin cortex salurated with much succe of a dulco-acid and gratefull sapour they are very copious and eximious in Italy especially in the fields near Luca. The Trees from which they are collected are perpetually virid Laurifolious and alwayes pomiferous for some are just erupting others more adult others almost mature and other deciduous at all times on the same Tree All Limmons and Citrons refrigerate arceate putretude recreate the heart and resist Poysons which Athenaeus proves by an admirable History of two sentenced offenders who by the command of the Aegyptian King according to their Lawes were to be exposed a prey to Asps each of them in their journey received a Citron of an huckster which condoled their condition they are it who thereupon felt no pain when they were bitt by those cruell Serpents which the judge admired and seeking the cause found that each of them had eaten a Citron the next day he commanded a Citron to be given to one of them and not to the other they were againe lead to their punnishment he that had eaten the Citron felt no molestation the other being all over livid with biteings dyed CHAP. IIII. Of Orenges AUrenges or aureous Apples so called from their colour grow upon a Tree very like the Limmon-Tree in effigies for their colours odours flowers and leafes are the same only they differ a little in that part next the peduncle which in the Orenge is as it were pinnated and double they are dilutely green odorate and concolorate with the Limmon-Trees fruits the Tree whereon they grow is tall ramous perpetually virid and daily pomiferous some growing other falling and others ripening it beares flowers al the year which are white elegant suaveolent and more fragrant in Summer then other times some whereof adhaere to a nodose pedicle and are faecund others are enodous and sterile Aqua Naphae so much celebrated for its suavity and fragrance is distilled from these which Matrons and delicate Courtiers wash their faces hair and hands with Great plenty of Orenges are carried from Spain Italy and France into other regions some whereof are sweet and ingratefull or at least not pleasant to the gust others acid jucund cordiall and gratefull to the palate all round nitent of a Golden colour or very flave whence they are often called Golden Apples The sweet ones are temperate the acid ones refrigerate arceate putretude resist Poysons and corroborate Vires their pills are acrimonious amare and hot which for their gracious odour are used in sawces condited in Sugar it emends the breath of ones mouth CHAP. V. Of Pomegranates THis Tree commonly called Granate and its fruit Pomegranate derives its denomination either from the multitude of graines wherewith it is referted or else from the region of Granata where it fruticates copiously it delights in hot aire and dry ground its leafes are like myrtle leafes which fall off annually its flower is red oblong jucund of aspect and resembles a cup in effigies the vulgar call it Balaustium though that name in Dioscorides his opinion may rather be deduced to the wild ones There are two sorts of Pomegranate-Trees the one wild which is florigerous but withall infrugiferous the other domesticall whereof there are three differences one beares acid Pomegranates another sweet ones and the third dulco-acid ones all of them are angulous and crasse referted with many graines demerged in much juice It s cortex is called Malicore and by some Sedion it is viridly flave like vitriol whereof according to Alcumists it participates its flower is oblong purpureous and fait which Pliny calls Balaustians The whole Pomegranate is astrictive and refrigerative but its succe is indued with the best facultyes which recreates the heart allayes the heat of the stomack and cures the Cholerick passion sweet Pomegranates molest the stomack CHAP. VI. Of Quinces QUinces grow upon a Tree which they call Cotonea or Catonea from M. Cato but the Graecians long agoe called it Cydonea from Cydon a Town in Crete where it was first found but I should rather believe that its name Colonea was given to it because of its tomentitious cortex resembling Cotten for these Apples are vested with a certain dawen like Cotten dawen The Tree from which they are excerped is commonly low assurgeing like a shrub vested with a sharp and gapeing Barke produceing things like scales its boughs are many short tortuous and cineritious its leafes subrotund mucronated green above white beneath soft and lanuginous its flowers albid somwhat purpureous and quinquefolious its fruits crasse very flave tomentitious and odorate emitting an odour jucund to some ingratefull to others its sapour is alike to all flesh luteous succe austere its seed as in other Apples is included in membranes and reconded as it were in Caskets The Quince-Tree is fruitfull in every place but most in hot regions cultivated places and Garden sides for then its fruits will be more and aureous some whereof are rounder shorter lesser and nearer the figure of vulgar Apples which are called Quinces absolutely others greater crasser longer turbinated and more like Peares vulgarly called Coignacea which are not so good as the former Some also are more candid others strutheous all more luteous and almost aureous whence they are called Chrysomels or Golden Apples such as are more lanuginous and by their fragrancy affect the heads of some men make very many eustomachicall medicaments as conserves waters and syrups of Quinces whereof there is much use both in health and sicknesse Quinces can searce be eaten crude when cocted they are more gratefull to the palate Vires they roborate the ventricle allay vomiting
of Wine and Honey is called Oinomel Oinomel it is sometimes confected of two parts of old Wine and one of Honey and sometimes of five parts of new Wine and one of Honey which when cold is reposed into Hogs-heads Oribasius C. 25. L. 5. Collectorum Simple and vulgar Hydromel is prepared just as Melicratum so that they differ onely in name not in substance yet Galen saith Melicratum or Mede should be made of rain-water and Hydromel of fountain-water Apomeli is made also after the like manner for according to Galen it may be made of rain or any water so it be pure and Honey expressed from the comb which must be so long cocted together till spume cease to exurge which must be taken off as soon as it emerges for so it will depose its acrimony The Ancients called it syrupe of Honey-combs Philagrius gives a better description to a better Apomelie thus Let some Combs full of the best Honey be strongly pressed betwixt ones hands and let a portion of the honey expressed be injected into four times as much pure water and let the Honey-Combs be also immerged and washed in the water that they may depose all their Honey then let the water be strained then cocted over a luculent fire and well despumed let it then be taken off and frigefie and let what-ever swims upon be abjected then boyl it again and despume it which iterate thrice and when it is at last frigefied and purged from its excrements inject this Apomeli into an Earthen or Wooden Vessel Aqueous Hydromel is scarce ever preserved in shops but presently made when use calls for it but the vinous is often confected by the Medicks advice and kept in Citizens houses as some Nectar more precious then Malmsey for it potently cocts frigid humours moves expectoration roborates the stomack hinders crudities helps concoction moves appetite discusses flatuosity mitigates cholical dolours moves urine and very much profits cold constitutions The English were wont to make a more composititious vinous Hydromel which they called Metegla Metegla which received less of Honey but more Aromata and Leaven which is thus confected â„ž of the best and most refined Honey lb x. of the clearest spring-water lb lx boyl them together till a third part be consumed Metheaglen casting away the spume as it rises and when it begins to grow cold put it into a convenient vessel in which hang a nodule of Leaven â„¥ iij. adding Cinamon Grains Pepper Ginger Cloves bruised of eachÊ’ j. set it in a place where the sun may * For 40 days come then preserve it in a Wine-Cellar for future use This kind of potion is most pleasent it will often keep two years in sapour and faculties it responds to Malmsey SECT IV. Of Succes dulcorated with Honey PHarmacopolies preserve some Honeys made of the infusions of Plants or of their succes compounded with Honey which from their confistence and Honey some call Syrupes of Honey but we rather from their succes which ingrede their confecture and Honey call them Melleous succes for whether the extracted succes of Plants be adjoyned to Honey or the Plants themselves be macerated in Honey their succes are alwayes mixed with Honey whence the whole mixture is rightly called A Melleous succe CHAP. 1. Mel Rosatum Lat. Rhodomeli Graec. Geleniabin Arab. or Honey of Roses â„ž Red Roses a little dryed in the shade lb ij Honey neither too old nor too new lb vj. mingle them and boyl them upon a gentle fire in a Pipkin to a good consistence and so preserve it for future use The COMMENTARY All do not prepare honey of Roses alike but many despising the descriptions of Mesue and Nic. Praepositus one while make it with fire onely another while by insolation another while by both and sometimes by none of them but onely by maceration some inject the whole Roses into the honey others bray them first some use onely the succe others both the succe and other Roses the most usual preparation is after the manner we have tradited wherein the Roses a little dryed must be macerated in honey then elixated a little afterwards exposed to the Sun and moved every third day that they may be hot on every side Whilest they are thus made and not strained they are called Honey of Rose-leaves if they be calified and strained as they are usually before they be used they are then called Honey of strained Roses and especially that that results from brayed Roses and Honey That which is made of two parts of the succe of exungated Roses and one of Honey cocted together to the absumption of the fourth part whose spume must be diligently extracted in boyling is called The liquid distrained Honey of Roses Honey of Roses cohibits hot fluxes Vires whether assumed or applied it helps deterges and roborates the stomack CHAP. 2. Mel Violatum or Honey of Violets â„ž of the fresh flowers of Violets lb j. the best Honey lb iij. mingle them in a convenient vessel with a narrow orifice insolate it and keep it for use The COMMENTARY Some to the confection of this honey bray the Violets others mix them whole being small flowers with hot honey in an carthen glazened pot then they expose the pot to the Sun for fifteen dayes each other day agitating the mixture with a rudicle then they repose it and when use calls for it mix it with a little water elixate it a little strain it and thus they get special honey of Violets others do otherwise and in Mesue's opinion it may be made like honey of Roses well but the Violets should be a little dryed or at least deprived of all acquisititious humidity and the honey should be used neither too new nor too old Honey of Violets is commended to pectoral affections it mitigates absterges refrigerates and roborates and therefore it is usefully mixed with many Glysters and Gargarisms and adhibited to deterge Ulcers CHAP. 3. Mel Anthosatum or Honey of Rosemary â„ž of the flowers of Rosemary lb j. Honey well despumed lb iij. mingle them in a Jarre-glass and set it in the Sun which after a convenient insolation preserve for future use The COMMENTARY This of Rosemary is made like them of Violets and Roses Some commend the oldest honey but I like the honey of a middle age because it is neither too dilute nor too crass This is called Mel Anthosatum because the flowers of Rosemary are for their dignity and praecellence called Anthos or flowers And seeing Rosemary flourishes twice in a year once in the Spring and once in Autumn honey of Rosemary-flowers may also be confected twice annually at the aforesaid times when its flower is fresh and fragrant for when it is dry it is almost inodorate and useless It is cephalical and nerval Vires it is a special ingredient in Glysters prescribed to the Lethargie Apoplexy and affections of the head it corrects the parts distempered
Pestel may arise an Eclegm which from its effect is called Sound and Expert for it contains many fruits seeds leaves and some gummes which commonstrate its eximious faculties whereunto they adde Amylum to make it more viscid Now Amylum may be made of many cereals but the best is that that is made of Wheat five times madefied with water till it be soft which done the water is effused without agitation lest something that is useful flow out with it when it is very soft and the water effused it should be calcated with ones feet and so broken then should water be again superfused upon it and it again calcated and the enatant bran received into a sieve and the rest dried in a Basket and forthwith baked in the sun and kept For thus it is grinded without a Mill and thence called Amylum It leniates exasperated parts stays the fluxions of the eyes and rejections of Blood This Eclegm cures the cough Vires and hoarseness contracted by a cold distemper it incides attenuates and deterges much and concocts cold humours CHAP. 5. Eclegma de Pineis or Eclegm of Pine-kernels D. Mes â„ž of Pine-kernels cleansed from their skinsÊ’ xxx sweet Almonds Hazel-Nuts Gumme-Thraganth Arabick Liquorice Juyce of Liquorice white Starch white Maiden-hair Orris-root of each â„¥ ss the Pulp of DatesÊ’ xxxv bitter Almonds Honey of Raisins fresh Butter white Sugar of each â„¥ iiij Honey as much as will suffice to make it up according to Art into an Eclegm The COMMENTARY That this Eclegm may be rightly made the dry roots must first be brayed apart then the Maidens-hair then the fruits then the gummes and Amylum but such as may better be incided as Almonds and Filberts may be cut with a knife When all are well levigated Rob or Honey of Raisins must be added then butter then an idoneous quantity of the whitest and best Honey that the Eclegm may be of a legitimate consistence It cures inveterate coughs Vires difficulty of breathing moves viscid spittle helps the asperity of the voyce helps coction and expectoration of humours and cures such affections of the Lungs and Breast as arise from the plenty or noxious quality of humours Finis Libri Primi The Apothecaries Shop OR ANTIDOTARY THE SECOND BOOK Of most selected and approved Purgative Medicaments THE PREFACE THe multitude of Compounded Purgatives are almost innumerable their forms multifarious and their preparations various We shall here exhibit the most select best and approved and those either in form of a liquid or solid Electuary as Opiates or Hierae or in form of Pills and Trochisks For Pharmacopolists seldome keep Purgatives in form of Powders or Potions We shall adde the manner and reason of their confecting and the quality of the Confection But we shall withall omit many Purges described by the Ancients because their use is not salubre nor a due order observed in their Composition as admitting of many noxious useless and unknown Medicaments We shall also neglect many described and invented by late men who being covetous of vain-glory cognominated some after their own Titles and from a fictitious effect We shall I say relinquish such and give onely the more select approved and useful We dissect this Treatise into four Sections In the first whereof we speak of liquid Electuaries in the third of solid ones in the fourth of Pills and in the second of bitter Confections which Medicks call Hierae CHAP. 1. Diacassia D. N. Praepos â„ž of the flowers and leaves of Violets Mallows Beets Pellitory Roman Wormwood of each m. ss boyl in lb iiij of water till half be consumed to the Colature adde of Honey lb j. boyl it to the consistence of a liquid Electuary then mingle with it Gassia lb j. and so make it into an Electuary and repose it in a fit vessel The COMMENTARY All do not make Diacassia alike for some coct the succes of Plants with honeys to a fit crassitude and then adject the Cassia others elixate the Plants and in the colature dilute Cassia and Honey and then fervefie the whole mixture to the consistence of a liquid Electuary But that manner wherein the Cassia is so long cocted is disapproveable but the other whereby the Canes wherein the Cassia is contained are washed in the strained decoction and afterwards a pound of honey added and they cocted to a legitimate spissitude that by the adjection of a pound of Cassia they may become an Electuary is very good Some in stead of honey mix sugar therewith others both some adde Manna others Senny others other Medicaments and so confect various Electuaries of Cassia whereunto I assent not For it is enough that we have Diacassia made according to the prescript for Glysters and if the pith of Cassia must be assumed at the mouth it may be extracted fresh and taken alone or mixed with other Medicaments as the Medick requires But Aegyptian or Oriental Cassia should be selected which is without redly black and within full of a fat medullous and black matter which is of force to contemperate heat wash the Belly and gently purge the Body and may thence be securely given to Boyes Old-men and pregnant Women for it subduces the Belly without molestation but it is thought procurative of flatulency and therefore many educe its pith in the vapour of cocted Anise or Fennel others mix some Cinamon with it and Coraeus gives it with some grains of Berberries to such as have weak Intestines I hear of a new kinde of Cassia brought from Brasile a half ounce whereof doth more move the Belly and copiously educe humours then a whole ounce of the vulgar and oriental Diacassia is a benign Medicament and purges clemently it allayes the heat of the Mesentery gently moves the Belly humectates its siccity and by lubrication and detersion deposes the excrements by stool CHAP. 2. Electuarium lenitivum or The lenitive Electuary â„ž of Polypody of the Oak Senny picked Raisins stoned of each â„¥ ij Mercury m. j.ss Barley Maiden-hair Violets of each m. ss Jujubees Sebestens of each num xx Prunes stoned Tamarinds of eachÊ’ vj. LiquoriceÊ’ ss boyl them in a sufficient quantity of water till a third part be consumed to the Colature adde Pulp of Cassia-Fistula Tamarinds Prunes Loaf-sugar and Sugar of Violets of each â„¥ vj. Senny powdred â„¥ iij. ss make it into an Electuary according to Art The COMMENTARY The Raisins which ingrede this confection should be purged from their stones if white Adiantum or true Maidens-hair cannot be had Polytrichum may be substituted in its stead Conserve of Violets or Sugar of Violets may be mixed at pleasure He that judges Conserves inept in Electuaries may adde Anise or sweet Fennel-seed or a little Cinamon yet this Electuary hath hitherto been confected without any of them and the users have not found any molestation from flatulency The fruits whose pulps must be educed must be humectated in a part of the prepared decoction another
description Pills of Fumatory purge bilious and sharp humours Vires salt phlegm and other adust and melancholical humours from which many vices of the skin as Scab Itch Tetters and the like arise CHAP. 14. Pilulae de Lapide Lazuli or Pills of the Azure-stone D. Mes â„ž of Lapis Lazuli preparedÊ’ vj. Polypody Dodder of Thyme Agarick of each â„¥ j. black Hellebore Scammony Sal Gem. of eachÊ’ ij ss Cloves Anise-seeds of each â„¥ ss Hierae Picrae â„¥ xv and with Syrupo Regis Saboris make it into a mass The COMMENTARY That every humour might have its peculiar Cathartick we have exhibited these Pills described by Mesue to educe the melancholical humour They are denominated from the Azure-stone which is their Basis which participating of some alien and vomitory quality needs some antecedent preparation but it must not be burned as in the confection of Alkermes lest its purgative faculty perish but pulverated very small and ten or twelve times washed first in common water then in the water of Bugloss or the like after each lotion it must be dryed and these courses iterated till it depose its vomitory quality and retain onely its dejective and roborative It s manner of preparation is all one with the former we substitute gemmeous in stead of Indian salt which we want and King Sabors Syrupe in stead of the water of Endive for hereby the powders will be more commodiously subacted and the mass hence concinnated more safely kept of a better consistence more excellent faculties and more apt to educe Melancholical humours These Pills help the Leprosie Canker quartane Fever Vires and all diseases that arise from Melancholical humours or adust Bile their faculties are the same but better then the Pills of Indies have which such may want as keep these CHAP. 15. Pilulae Asajeret D. Avic â„ž of Mastick yellow Myrabolans of each â„¥ ss Hierae Picrae â„¥ j. of the best Aloes â„¥ ij and with Syrupe of Stoechados make it into a mass The COMMENTARY These Pills are also desumed from Avicenna who calls them sometimes Asahajaret sometimes Sejar and prescribes them partly to the head partly to the ventricle but they draw little from parts more remote seeing they admit not of such things as potently deduce cold humours The powder of Galens Hiera Picra must be desumed to their confection and not Hiera in form of an Electuary The Myrabolambs may be purged from their stones and brayed apart then Chian Mastick then the Aloes all must be received in the Syrupe of Stoechas and made into a mass These Pills are indeed chalagogous and much profit the impure and languid ventricle and by consequence benefit the head and cure such affections as arise from some sympathy with the stomack and lowest ventricle Pills of Hiera being almost of the same faculties Vires and easie to be made of the powder of Hiera which is kept in all Pharmacopolies by the addition of the Honey of Roses or the like in a sufficient quantity need no particular description nor those also which take both their name and matter from Benedicta which are seldome or never used for they are onely nominally eximious as many Chymical confections as Aqua Benedicta Spiritus Aureus Elixir Vitae c. CHAP. 16. Pilulae Alephanginae or Aromatical or sweet Pills â„ž Cinamon Cloves Cardamomes Nutmegs Mace Calamus Aromaticus Galangal yellow Sanders Squinant Rose-leaves of each â„¥ ss These must be brayed pretty crassly and macerated twelve hours in four pounds of water then boyled on a slow fire till the third part be absumed one pound of Aloes must be dissolved in the colature and when the aqueous humidity is spent by hot ashes Sun or an Hypocauste adde Myrrhe Mastick of each â„¥ ss Saffron â„¥ ij Syrupe of Wormwood as much as will suffice to make it into a mass The COMMENTARY We retain a great part of the materials of sweet Pills described by Mesue but we have added Galangal as most convenient and detracted the most rare and dear ingredients as Carpo-balsamum Xylo-aloes Cubebs and the useless ones as Asarum We do not allow of Aloes washed in rain-water because it makes it imbecile neither do we approve of the quantity of Aromata's and water wherein they should be cocted as defined by Mesue for seeing Aromata's endure not coction without the loss of their vertues what need is there of cocting them in twelve pounds of water to the absumption of seven pounds thereof This is useless and noxious labour but if they must be onely lightly cocted to what end is so much water and if the third part of the water will serve why not the third part of the Aromata's also In this our description we have the faculties and vertues of the third part of the Aromata's better then we should have them out of the whole designed by Mesue and confected after his rite who with the absumption of the water absumes more of the Aromata's faculties We have in stead of Wormwood substituted its Syrupe for the better coalition of the mass lest it grow too dry or contract chinks and marcour Thus we have castigated Mesue's sweet Pills or rather exhibited our own which are easier to make better and of lesser charges to which if the maker shall put a little of the liquor of Balm they shall exceed all Pills in roborating the stomack Sweet Pills are most customachical Vires and roborate the nervous parts best for they at once purge crass putrid pituitous and bilious humours from the ventricle and vicine parts and recreate the same preserve native heat help coction discuss flatulency dispel crudities resarciate appetite help cholical dolours and conduce to old and frigid men at all times to bilious and young men onely in winter CHAP. 17. Pilulae de Nitro or Pills of Nitre D. Alex Tral â„ž of Aloes Coloquintida Scammony prepared black Hellebore Bdellium Gumme Arabick of eachÊ’ ij Euphorbium Nitre of eachÊ’ j. and with Juyce of Coleworts or Rhodomel make it up into a mass The COMMENTARY The later age retains the old description of Tralian's Pills but not the name for one calls them Pills of Coloquintida another of Nitre and this puts more of Nitre in them the other more of Coloquintida But seeing reason and use have better approved of the weight of simples described by the more Recent we shall follow the Ancients in the materials but the Recents in the proportion and weight of these materials Now for their confection prepared Coloquintida that is Trochisks of Alhandal must be taken Bdellium must be dissolved percolated and cocted in the calified succe of Brassica till the succe be consumed then must the rest be mixed and a sufficient quantity of the Honey of Roses mixed with them Euphorbium must not by the advice of many be added to the mixture till thus prepared Some quantity of Euphorbium must be taken pulverated small with a little Oyl of Almonds rubbed on a stone
his acquaintance and kinswomen were compressed by the French souldiers who left these Hieroglyphical characters as eternal signs of their new and quaint marriages But to my purpose There are various preparations of the pills of Quicksilver for each Confectioner and Chirurgeon almost have their peculiar descriptions which they keep for hidden Secrets some whereof will onely by reiteration move salivation others frequently usurped will a little subduce the Belly but all of them often iterated move sputation hurt the nerves and sometimes cause strangulation Their use therefore is not safe unless the Quicksilver be well prepared and castigated by the admistion of other Medicaments as Turpentine-Oyl or such things as we have in this prescript described The manner of whose preparation is apparent enough by the form but there are other compounds that admit of Quicksilver of which hereafter These Pills are Catholical Vires and Alexiterial seeing they expurge all humours at once and evince the malign quality of the French-Pox and radically evel its Vestigia impressed on the parts affected CHAP. 21. What Pills a Pharmacopoly may be without AS in Civil Law many old Laws are obsolete and of no use and vigour to a Magistrate so in Medicine many ancient Medicaments are either neglected or quite disapproved of as noxious or at least useless Some are omitted because there are others of the same or like efficacy and vertue whereof the best is selected for it were a sign of folly in a man if he should prepare and keep all the Medicaments Myrepsus hath designed who absolving his Work in 1100 Chapters hath conjoyned two or three descriptions in one Chapter Yea neither Medicks desire nor Diseases require that any Apothecary should make and keep all the Medicaments that Aetius Actuarius or Praepositus and others describe but onely the more secure selected and approved Thus in our Antidotary we give onely eximious ones which if Authors suppeditate not as they do not for all diseases we compensate by our own labour and industry suggesting the most approved We expunge those out of the number of Pills which they call the greater and lesser Pills of Light because they consist of much and unapt matter And because Pills sine quibus are of efficacy enough for the affections of the eyes we have omitted the ancient description of the Imperials of the five kinds of Myrobalambs of the eight Ingredients and the Arabians Pills because the agregative are better and usefull for all such things as the aforesaid are prescribed for We have neglected the Indian Pills and them of the stone Armentum because them of the Azure-stone are affine to them and more efficacious We weigh not the Pills of Rhabarb because ignave but give them of Egrimony as more efficacious with whom they have affinity Pills of Hermodactyls exclude the arthretical Pills and the foetid Pills exclude those that are denominated from Sagapene Euphorbium and Sarcocolla Pills of Mechoacan make them void which consists of Esula and Mezereon Benedict Pills and Hiera may be made at any time seeing powders are or should be alwayes in readiness in shops whereof either Electuaries or Pills may be confected at pleasure Pills of Bdellium are quite neglected because they are scarce purgative in stead other better and more roborative Medicaments easier to be made may be confected for present use I pretermit many more as unworthy to be named or used for many men describe many Medicaments not so much that they consult others sanity as the augmenting of their Dispensatories grand bulk Cathartical Powders being ingrateful are usually coagmented into liquid or solid Electuaries or else Pills yet Empiricks give the powder of Stibium onely in a little Wine or other liquor as also the powder of Mercury wherewith a veneficous Circulator at Lutetia promised the cure of all diseases openly professing himself a Prophet but the wretch went about many Cities to see whom he might devour he is not worthy to be named At last he ran away All prepare not Quicksilver or Mercury alike for some include it with Aqua fortis in a Matracy and exhale the water by sublimation calling that which remains in the bottom Powder of Mercury It is of a yellowish red colour and rather caustical then cathartical Others prepare it otherwise but better thus They immerge Quicksilver in Aqua fortis whereinto they inject Brine then they let the Quicksilver reside and the water is ejected by inclination and the crassament that remains which is whitish is called Powder of Mercury But in what proportion it should be mixed how it may be perfectly dealbated and with what vertue it is indued I need not recenseate lest Empiricks and Pseudopharmacopoeans abuse it but if it be made as P. Pijardus a learned Parisian Medick taught its vertues are eximious and efficacious in curing some Diseases which will not yield to vulgar Medicaments An APPENDIX Of some Pills not Solutive EAch Medicament is by singular dexterity and ingenuity effinged into a form proper for the diseased Thus some Purgatives are liquid others solid and others in a mean some Medicaments onely purge others onely roborate and others alter and some perform all but Pills are for the most part purgative for all of them except a few subduce the Belly and are exhibited especially when supervacaneous succes are to be educed from remote parts for in such a form and consistence they abide longer in the ventricle and their vertue is more easily carried to the parts diseased and oppressed with excrementitious humours When therefore we would have a Medicament stay longer in the ventricle we give it in a solid form and such are not onely the prescribed purgative Pills but the Hypnotical and Arterial ones that follow CHAP. 22. Pilulae de Cynoglosso or Pills of Dogs-tongue â„ž of MyrrheÊ’ vj. OlibanumÊ’ v. the root of Hounds-tongue Henbane-seed Opium of eachÊ’ iij. Saffron Castoreum of eachÊ’ j. ss and with Syrupe of Stoechados make it up into a mass which let be conveniently reposed for use The COMMENTARY The Neotericks have retained the old description but not the name of these Pills for Mesue their Author calls them from their effect Pills for all diseases but these call them Pills of Cynogloss which is neither for quantity nor quality prepollent therein perhaps they mistake Cynogloss for Arnogloss which might more properly give them denomination for seeing Mesue described them for astriction Arnogloss being of an astrictive quality was more convenient but we with Fernelius admit of the new name and adde Castorium for the castigation of Opium But we think that Rhodostagm or rose-Rose-water is altogether inconvenient for the receipt of the powders if we would have the mass of a legitimate consistence or fit to be kept and we substitute in its stead Syrupe of Stcechados by whose quality the head will be roborated and armed against the nocuments of Opium and by its lentour the powders will be coacted into a more idoneous mass as for
humours helps the distribution of the aliment to the Liver roborates the ventricle augments appetite it may be given in form of a soft Electuary if it be mixed with Honey a solid one if with Sugar CHAP. 14. Pulvis contra Pestem seu Bezoardicus or A Powder against the Plague or Bezoar-Powder ℞ of the roots of Tormentil Angelico Enula-campane Gentian Pyony Aloes-wood yellow Sanders Harts-horn Ivory the bone in the heart of a Hart Juniper-berries Cardamomes the seeds of Sorrel and Carduus Cloves Mace Cinamon of eachʒ j. ss the rinds of Citron and Orange Diptamus Scordeum Squinant the aromatick Reed Rose-leaves Saffron of eachʒ j. Bole-armeniack washed in Rose-water and Lemnian-Earth of eachʒ ij Camphyr gr viij Amber-grise Leaf-gold of each ℈ j. make of these a very fine and small Powder and repose it in a glass which sign Pulvis Bezoardicus The COMMENTARY Medicaments which oppugn the Plague expugn Poysons evert their harm and defend life are by the Greeks called Antidota by the Arabians Bezaardica of which sort there are some simples as the Bezar-stone Zerumbet and Precious-stones some compounds as Cordials and Theriacals which consist of many things that roborate the heart spirits and vital parts extinguishing poysons and venenate qualities therefore they are said to be in a mean participating both of our nature and poysonous qualities as Mithridate whose frequent use is not safe where there is no suspicion of a venenate quality for if it finde no object on which it may act it leaves the vestigia of its inimick quality impressed on the parts accending the humours and preying upon the native calour But such compound Medicaments as consist onely of cordial and roborative ingredients and by some special faculty oppugning poyson are at all seasons convenient for all temperatures and diseases as this Powder we have described whose faculties are eximious in expugning malign affections and defending the noble parts And it is given in water or some cordial decoction or idoneous conserve or else it is excepted in the Syrupe of Kermes or Lemmons or concinnated into the form of an Opiate it may also with Honey despumed in some cordial water be coagmentated into the form of a liquid Electuary and kept in shops like other confections Its faculties will be more eximious if Precious-stones Unicorns-horn and Bezar-stone be added to it The Powder is easie to be made and the ingredients may be had It is miraculously efficacious in expugning venenate contagious Vires and pestilent diseases and in recreating and defending the principal parts CHAP. 15. Pulvis Antilyssos seu contra Rabiem or A Powder against the biting of a mad Dog D. J. Pal. ℞ of the leaves of Rue Vervine Sage Plantain Polypody common Wormwood Mint Mugwort Balm Betony S. Johns-wort the lesser Centaury of each m.j. let them be dryed and at last reducated into a fine Powder The COMMENTARY This alexiterial Powder I desumed from the famous Jul. Palmarius who wrote seven Books of contagious Diseases the eximious faculties and admirable effects of this Medicament not onely he but Dominus de Pyrou hath frequently and successfully experienced upon many from whom he confesses he had its first description for as many as were bitten with mad Dogs and used this were presently freed from imminent and incipient Hydrophoby if no part of the head above the teeth or cold member were abluted for then there were small hopes of remedy We call this Powder ANtilyssum because in arceating madness it is inferiour to none it cures wounds inflicted by mad Dogs and impedes that terrible symptome whereby those wretches are fearful of water The preparation of this famous Antidote is easie wherein these three things are chiefly observable First that the Simples be then collected when they are most vertuous to wit in the beginning or end of the Spring That they be not dryed either by the scorching Sun or in a moist place That when they are dry they be kept with this reserve that they be renovated annually There is no need that any great quantity of this eximious Powder be kept in Pharmacopolies for it is enough if half a pound thereof be reconded in a fit vessel for present use But its materials or simples should be kept in abundance artificially dryed inclosed in chartaceous bags and securely reposed that Flyes may not consparcate them nor Mice erode them and when exigence calls for them an equal weight of each should be pulverated and a whole or half dragm thereof given in the morning before meat in a spoon with twice as much Sugar or else in pottage or other convenient liquor as Wine Sider or else in Honey like an Opiate And although one or two dragms be a dosis sufficient for a very robust man yet three or four may sometimes be exhibited by such especially who have been bitten long before or are already begun to fear water This Powder is indeed very eximious but it would be more efficacious if the Powder of Pimpinel and burnt River-Crabfishes were mixed with it Its name Alyssum shews that it is justly preferred before all other of that sort for Galen and Dioscorides call it so because it cures madness and extinguishes its poyson But this plant is rare and known onely to few it is in aspect like Horehound but each genicle emits onely two crisped hoary and almost inodorate leaves spinous cups do verticularly circumvest its Caulicles I have often seen it in the Colledge-Garden in Paris There is another kinde in Germany called Echioides like Tizil in form but it is inferiour to that of Galens yet he that wants the one may substitute the other CHAP. 16. Crocus Martis or Mars his Saffron THis Medicament is so denominated partly from its matter as it is the filings of Steel or Iron dedicated to Mars and partly from its colour which resembles Saffron Its preparation is multifarious for every one prepares it after his own Model in which every one dissents from another whence some have neglected or disapproved of its preparation as useless and Rivierius exhibits the bare limature of Iron for true Saffron of Mars without ustion or ablution professing it to be safer and more efficacious in curing the foetid colours of Virgins but he that will follow the method of so rash a Periclitator shall be more formidable then the very diseases I finde two preparations of this Saffron more usual then the rest the first is vulgar and well known to Pharmacopolists who burn the filings of Steel twice or more in a crucible and wash it as oft partly in Vinegar partly in Rose-water or other fit liquor then dry it and make a subruse ponderous Powder which they call prepared Steel The second is used by the Chymists who make this ponderous Powder volarile whose preparation they thus effect sometimes they assume the limature of Steel sometimes of Iron or of both for the qualities are similar they burn it a day or two in their fire then
preparation is so easie as it needs no further explication They are very conducible to many ocular affections Vires for they allay their dolours mitigate their inflammations stay their fluxions deterge exsiccate and digest the matter and roborate the part Now I think I have recenseated the most usual and principal Pastils which should be kept in Pharmacopolies for others which occurre in vulgar Antidotaries are either of none use or disapproved or else they may be easily comprehended under these and supplyed by them Finis Libri Tertii THE SECOND PART OF The Apothecaries Shop OR ANTIDOTARY Of EXTERNALL MEDICAMENTS Distinct into three BOOKS In the first whereof we shall treat of all kindes of Oyls and add thereunto an Appendix of Balsams THE PREFACE TOpical Medicaments are many as Fomentations Epithems Liniments Collyries Lotions Frontals Cataplasms Synapisms Dropax Vesiccatories Bucklers Bags Coifes and many more which are made for present use and will not keep long without corruption whereof we have treated at large in the fifth Book of our Institutions Others may be kept a whole year or two without damage for future uses as Oyls Cerates Unguents and Salves whereof we have purposed to treat in this second Part of our Shop whose use is both more grateful and tolerable then those that are ingested at the mouth for such by oppugning diseases subvert the Ventricle take away Appetite excite Torments and disturb the whole oeconomy of Nature Whence Cornelius Celsus would have Medicaments and Potions seldome used for seeing they can scarce be exhibited in a just dosis or when exhibited do their office seeing they often move but move not throughly or propel laudable humours deserting the malign or leaving the internals distempered They are sometimes perillous for Aetius knew an imperite MEdick who by the undue exhibition of a Medicament killed a man But Topical Medicaments are safe and may be usurped not onely to external but internal vices For as we seeing Extuberancies appear without use purges to coerceate the exuperant humours So when we are infested with something within we often apply Unguents Oyls and Liniments without For whether the Stomack or Liver Reins or other interiour bowel be pained much help may be administred by due external applications For all the Medicaments of old were external which the Ancients following their Captain Nature used without experience and Countrey-men yet hurt with a blow a fall cut or knock without choyce assume the first occurrent Plant and apply it to the part affected and it often falls out that a noxious Medicament upon strong natures produce successful effects Now we shall in these three Books shew what Medicaments Topical are best which should be kept in Pharmacopolies and how they are made And as we have methodically proceeded in the three former First describing the most liquid as Syrupes then the more crass as Eclegms then the most crass as Electuaries and last the most solid as Pills and Trochisks So now in the three later Books we shall begin with Oyls first then pass to the more spisse as Unguents and then to the most crass as Emplaisters Taking then our rise from Oyls whereof Cerates Unguents and Emplaisters matuate much of their parts we shall first treat of such as are made by impression or infusion then fly to such as are made by expression and at last to such as are elicited by ascent or descent The Apothecaries Shop OR ANTIDOTARY THE FOURTH BOOK Of Topical or External Medicaments AND FIRST Of Medicinal Oyls made by infusion OYls whereof there is frequent use in Medicine are either simple or compound Those are simple which have nothing from Art but their eduction admitting of no mixture but educed by expression as Oyl simply so called expressed from mature and Omphacinum from immature Olives as also the Oyl of Almonds the Oyl of Walnuts and many more expressed out of fruits and seeds which mutuate their various qualities from the variety of seeds whence they are educed as hot Oyls from hot cold from cold seeds c. Oyl absolutely so termed is meant of that onely which is extracted from mature Olives whose expression appertains no more to Apothecaries then the expression of Wine or confection of Bread as to their manners how which laborious work and business is duly committed to Rusticks and diuturnal labourers Seeing all these are aliments and fitter for Tables then Shops therefore an Apothecary should not sollicite himself about the expression of common Oyl but about such as are elicited meerly by Art Of all which we shall treat in this Book In whose former Section we shall examine all such as are made by impression or infusion of Medicaments beginning with the Oyl of Violets which are the first flowers of the Spring CHAP. 1. Oleum Violatum or Oyl of Violets â„ž of washed Oyl lb v. of the flowers of Violets fresh and bruised of the Juyce or water of the infusion of Violets lb ij Insolate them together for a whole week then take out the Violets by a strong expression and new ones put in afterwards boyl it till the water be consumed The COMMENTARY All the Students in Pharmacy with one consent follow the dictates of Mesue their Captain whom they extol with praises and adore with admiration Yet his Laws and Precepts in compounding Medicaments cannot by duration challenge to themselves infallibility for we see many of them improved and many disproved and it is no imprudence to recede from him or any old Author though they merit most of praise when one sees by long use and experience a better and more compendious way And thus we have something detracted from or something added to the composition of some Medicaments or their method changed Thus they dissent in Medicinal Oyls made by infusion and maceration as in this Oyl of Violets to whose confection Mesue commands the Oyl of mature Olives and of Almonds or Sesama to be taken and washed then the flowers to be macerated seven dayes therein insolated and expressed afterwards to be cocted three hours in a double vessel and this to be interated thrice the expressed flowers being always abjected and fresh ones immitted and then to be cocted on a slow fire till the watry humidity be dissipated and then they reposed in a fit vessel Many Apothecaries follow this prescript others will not swear to his words but follow the dictate of their own Reasons and change some things ever and anon for it is easie to adde when a thing is invented or detract something that is superfluous or castigate what is ill disposed But the Oyl of Violets is now made every-where almost after this manner First a certain quantity of sincere common Oyl is assumed verberated and washed in Fountain-water and imposed in a glass or earthen vessel well glazened new Violet flowers are infused therein and so macerated a whole week and if the season permit insolated then they are boyled a little on a slow fire that they may
be expressed afterwards new flowers are immitted as before and expressed which is thrice iterated then the flowers after the last infusion are abjected the Oyl cocted on a flow fire till its aqueous humidity be dissipated and then it is reposed and kept in a fit vessel The Oyl of Violets extinguishes inflammations Vires helps the Pleurisie leniates the asperity of the Artery and Lungs allays hot imposthumes remits all inflammations and mitigates dolours CHAP. 2. Oleum Keirinum or Oyl of Wall-flowers D. Mes â„ž of Wall-flowers â„¥ vij of the best Oyl lb j. ss of the water of the decoction of the flowers â„¥ iij. ss mingle them and after insolation express the flowers adding the same three times over boyl the water away and preserve the Oyl The COMMENTARY The copious Wall-flowers occur next which the Arabians call Keiri out of which Mesue educes Oyl by impression as he doth out of Chamomile and Roses that is by three infusions insolated and expressed with a little of the succe or decoction of the same flowers which after the last maceration he absumes by gentle coction and having expressed and strained the Oyl he reposes it in a fit vessel and keeps it But it is now commonly made by one or two infusions without any commixtion of any succe or decoction the flowers being left a whole month confusedly immerged in the Oyl before colature but this manner is not good for hereby the Oyl is more turbid and its faculties weaker Being duely made it calefies moderately attenuates allays Vires digests mitigates dolours from flatulency cold or pituitous matter it benefits such as are gowty or paralytical and cures the dolours of the nerves and junctures CHAP. 3. Oleum Irinum or Oyl of Orris â„ž of the roots of Orris lb j. the flowers of the same lb ij macerate them in a sufficient quantity of the decoction of the same root adding sweet Oyl or Oyl of the Pulse Sesamum lb v. Boyl them in an idoneous vessel straine out the roots and flowers adding a fresh quantity three times over and the Oyl which is last pressed out keep for future use The COMMENTARY There are many sorts of Orris which we have enumerated in our book of Simples the best whereof is the Celestial Orris next the white or Florentine Oyl is made by infusion out of both but especially the former their roots and flowers being macerated and expressed as is declared some take onely the roots a little brayed and their flowers tunded and coct them with the succe of other roots and then pour Oyl upon them and elixate them again till all the water be absumed and the Oyl thus made is very odorate and efficacious yet it would be more efficacious if this were twice or thrice iterated as of old There is no dissention amongst Authors about the proportion of the flowers to the roots seeing all give twice as much flowers as roots but they agree not about the other roots which must be elixated in the water and about the water it self nor yet about the Oyl wherein it must be infused But leaving for brevities sake the variety of opinions about this matter we say That one pound of roots must be taken and cocted in four or five pounds of water at the most till half be absumed Some adde to this definite weight of roots flowers and water onely two pounds of Oyl others seven pounds and a half and others eight pounds I mix five pounds and coct them all on a slow fire till the watry humidity be dissolved It calefies Vires mollifies tenuates digests resolves concocts penetrates opens ripens takes away the founding in the ears discusses biles and other hard tumours emends the cramp and native foetour and allayes dolours from cold matter CHAP. 4. Oleum Rosatum completum or complete Oyl of Roses D. Mes â„ž of common Oyl washed lb iiij fresh Rose-leaves lb j. ss infusion of Roses lb j. put them into a close vessel well covered insolate them for seven dayes then boyl them in a strong vessel upon a gentle fire for half an hour afterwards let the flowers be expressed new put in and this repeated three times at last what Oyl is pressed out preserve for use The COMMENTARY Mesue calls this the complete Oyl of Roses because it is made of Oyl of mature Olives frequently washed and the leaves of red Roses perfectly explicited insolated a whole week and thrice changed as it is in the description wherein we have given a just definite weight of each out of Mesue who left all to every mans judgment will except the water of the infusion of the Roses which he equalized with the Oyl we believe a third or fourth part will be sufficient for the Oyl for when it is put in more quantity it is not easily resolved by infusion and Oyl by longer coction acquires alien calour and loses much of its native suavity The other three descriptions given by Mesue we omit The ablution of Oyl is multifarious for it is either put in some pot or fit vessel with some water and long verberated so that it may be easily separated when the water is setled or in a glass vial whose bottom is perforated where it is long agitated having both its orifice and inferiour foramen occluded then let it stand an hour and the inferiour foramen being opened the water that did subside will flow out the same being shut the Oyl will remain in the vial whereunto sometimes more water is affunded But we have abundantly disserted about the preparation of Medicaments in our Institutions The Oyl of complete Roses extinguishes inflammations roborates Vires cocts densates tempers the hot ventricle and recreates it allayes the ardour of the reins cures head-ach from a hot cause stayes fluxions and cohibits the force of humours CHAP. 5. Oleum Rosatum Omphacinum vulgo dicitur incompletum or the Oyl of incomplete Roses â„ž of the washed Oyl of unripe Olives lb iiij of Rose-buds lb j. mingle them in a fit vessel and insolate them for seven dayes repeat the same three times over and make thereof an Oyl The COMMENTARY This is called incomplete Oyl because it is made of Roses not completely expanded and of Oyl expressed from immature Olives which is called Omotribes crude green and Omphacian-Oyl which is extracted solely for Medicinal uses in whose want we substitute common Oyl washed in Omphacium that it may acquire acidity and a refrigerative faculty The Roses must be red new and not perfectly explicated which must be purged from their white parts brayed in a stone-morter with a wooden-pestel macerated in Oyl insolated a whole week and then expressed these Roses being abjected other fresh ones must be immitted insolated and expressed and the Oyl extracted kept for use This Oyl refrigerates and roborates much Vires and therefore helps such diseases as proceed from a hot cause extinguishes St. Anthonies fire allayes ardours cohibits the
power or imbecility of the Medicament these Oyls will be most efficacious if confected after this description Oyl of Chamomile calefies and resolves moderately allayes dolours sprung from a cold cause and roborates the nerves The Oyl of Anethum resolves calefies discusses flatulency roborates the Nerves takes away laffitude mitigates the dolours of the articles relaxates the spiracles of the veins and helps in convulsive fits The Oyl of Rue is and ought to be made after the same manner Indeed Nic. Alexandrinus describes a more composititious one which besides the tund leaves of Rue admits of sweet Marjoram and Cumin But it is seldome made for keeping for that which Mesue gives will potently enough effect what this pollicitates It calefies attenuates digests allayes the dolours of the Uterus proceeding from a cold cause discusses flatulency and is according to Actuarius accommodate to all dolours in all parts that require calefaction The Oyl of sweet Marjoram is either simple which Mesue confects of its leaves and succe or of its decoction and Oyl or else more compound which besides these admits of Myrtle-leaves of wilde Betony Southernwood Water-Mint and ligneous Cassia but this is scarce ever made the former seldome save to the confection of Melilote and according to Mesue the former is made like Oyl of Myrtle this like Oyl of Melons or of Quinces that is the leaves and succe of sweet Marjoram are confusedly macerated insolated expressed and thrice changed in Oyl What Sampsuchus is and if it differs from Marjoram we have shewed in our Book of Simples It calefies and roborates the head and all kinde of Nerves Oyl of Jasmin should by the decree of all Medicks be kept in Pharmacopolies for it hath most efficacious faculties both in allaying dolours from a cold cause and in digesting and resolving But it is most commendable for Belly-aches which much molest children it must be confected as the complete Oyl of Roses or of VVall-flowers are made CHAP. 12. Oleum Hypericonis simplex or The simple Oyl of S. Johns-wort ℞ of the tops of S. Johns-wort not altogether ripe lb j. common Oyl lb ij of the decoction of the flowers and leaves of the same lb ss mingle them and insolate them for a whole week then boyl them and afterwards express them and repeat this three times Oleum Hyperici magis composit or The more compound Oyl of S. Johns-wort D. Jac. de Manl. ℞ of the tops of S. Johns-wortʒ iij. infuse them for two or three dayes in ℥ x. of Wine then boyl them to ℥ iij. which press out adding a few more which macerate boyl and strain to which adde Oyl ℥ vj. Turpentine ℥ iij. Saffron ℈ j. boyl them till the wine be consumed then press out the Ingredients keep the Oyl The COMMENTARY There are three sorts of Oyls made of S. Johns-wort the most simple and usual is made of its leaves and flowers with Oyl the more compound admits of Turpentine VVine and Saffron besides these The third and most compound admits of other Oyls Lachrymae Succes Roots Leaves and Earth-worms The first is kept in Apothecaries shops the second in Chirurgions taberns and the third sometimes in one sometimes in another as the Medicks design The more simple Oyl is better if it be made of the flowers alone macerated thrice in Oyl insolated and expressed Some take the Summities onely of the flowers with its little leaves and grains to the confection of this Oyl which way soever it be made it is very red and as it were bloody of a kinde of middle consistence betwixt an Oyl and an Unguent It roborates the Nerves very much deleates red spots digests and resolves humours mitigates dolours and recreates the junctures That which Manlius describes seems rather to be some Balsam or Unguent for agglutinating wounds then an Oyl yet being eximious we will not omit it If the wine first affunded be exhaled by the first ebullition more must be affunded that it may be dissipated by the last It calefies and siccates conduces very much to pricks or wounds in the Nerves it cures burnings helps him that hath the Sciatica and is successfully usurped in all dolours contracted by cold The Cyprian or Lygustrian Oyl which the Arabians call Oyl of Alcanna is made like that of Rue but it is seldom kept nor yet the Oyl of Enula of Melilote of Carthamus Citrian Santal and many more which Authors describe rather out of ostentation then necessity CHAP. 13. Oleum de Pomis Mandragorae or Oyl of Mandrake-Apples ℞ of the Juyce of ripe Mandrake-Apples Oyl of Jasmin or common Oyl of each equal parts boyl them till the Juyce be evaporated afterwards adde again as much succe which evaporate as before and this repeat three times The COMMENTARY There are two descriptions of this Oyl one tradited by Mesue which we here exhibit as being easier and safer another by Praepositus which is too stupefactive and narcotical for it admits not onely of the succe of Mandrake but also of Henbane Poppy and Hemlock with Opium also And seeing benign Narcoticks unless they be duely prepared and rightly exhibited consopite the senses extinguish innate heat we need not congest so many Medicaments of contrary qualities into one Moreover we do not in the use of Narcotical Medicaments so much desire the stupefaction of the senses as the mitigation of the inflammation and dolour If you have not Apples enough in this confection you may help out the quantity with the succe of the roots thereof for no substitute is so affine to any part of Mandrake as another part of the same The preparation is apparent enough by the description It extinguishes all inflammations allayes dolours Vires stupefies the senses helps the head-ach and phrensie and by way of liniment moderates the ardour of the reins CHAP. 14. Oleum Myrtinum or Oyl of Myrtles D. Mes ℞ of the leaves of green Myrtle ℥ v. Oyl of unripe Olives lb j. mingle them and insolate them eight dayes boyl them in a bath take out the leaves and let fresh be immerged and that three times reiterated the Oyl expressed preserve Oleum Myrtillorum or Oyl of Myrtle-berries ℞ of Myrtle-berries lb j. Oyl of unripe Olives lb ij ss of the water of the decoction of the leaves and berries ℥ vij macerate and boyl them till the absumption of the water then eject the berries and fresh ones added which must be macerated and boyled till they grow soft which must be repeated three times if the efficacy of the Oyl requires it The COMMENTARY That is called Oyl of Myrtles which is made of Myrtle leaves macerated and expressed that of Myrtles which is made of Myrtle-berries both are usual and eximious But for want of berries the other is more frequently kept in shops He that hath onely dry berries and would make Oyl thereof must immerge them in odorate wine till they be swelled then mix them with Oyl and coct and express them
and repose the expression for use They sometimes make the Oyl of Myrtles only of the succe of their leaves and Oyl with a little Ladanum but the way we have described is more usual and better Botn of them refrigerate Vires condense astringe roborate the brain nerves and ventricle retain hairs stay them from falling off cure the gummes and teeth-ach confirm loose members and emend biles or lumps erumping by way of liniment CHAP. 15. Oleum Cydoniorum or Oyl of Quinces D. Mes ℞ of the Medulla or flesh of Quinces and of the Juyce of the same of each lb ss Oyl of unripe Olives lb j. and ℥ iij. let them be insolated in a glass for fifteen dayes afterwards boyled to the consumption of the Juyce and after the Oyl is expressed adde thereunto fresh Quinces and let this be repeated three or four times keeping the last expression The COMMENTARY This Oyl which the Greeks call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is made in Autumn when the Quinces have attained their perfect magnitude before maturity They must be plucked not depelled purged from their Down then rasped or deraded with an instrument exasperated with some segments afterwards an equal weight of their succe and flesh not brayed but deraded and not expressed must be taken confusedly mixed with the Oyl thrice insolated cocted and expressed as in the prescript Sylvius saith that the succe of Quinces will so crack and move while it is cocted in Oyl as that it will excuss all the Oyl out of the vessel therefore saith he this Oyl should be cocted in a double vessel lest by this impression on the Oyl the Quinces faculties evade more imbecile It refrigerates Vires astringes roborates the retentive faculty of the ventricle and intestines helps concoction stayes vomiting and thence conduces to the disease of Choler Lientery and Dysentery confirming and roborating each loose and imbecile part CHAP. 16. Myrelaeum seu Oleum Pigmentatum or Oyl of the Oak of Jerusalem ℞ the tops of the Oak of Jerusalem or of the herb so called m. iij. the berries or seed of the same ℥ viij white-wine lb ss good Oyl lb j. ss mingle them and insolate them for seven dayes afterwards put them in a bath till the wine be evaporated and the expressed Oyl keep The COMMENTARY This Oyl should be made about the beginning of Autumn we call it Myreol or Unguent of Pigment because both the Plants whereof it consists are called by the French Pigmentum as if they should say Pigment and by some Ambrosia for by the fragrance of its halite it exhilarates and by its aromatical lentour inviscates the fingers of the contrectants When Don Claudius Gonerius a man of much learning and integrity of whom we have oft made mention in our Books of Medicinal Matter had accurately sought into the nature of these Plants whose diligence in finding the varieties and faculties of Simples hath been very great He was moved that Medicks should not celebrate and usurp such eximious Plants which Nature it self had designed excellent by their odour sapour and pinguetude But it may be these Plants are contemptible because of their frequency the herb indeed grows most commonly in cultivated Gardens but the shrub fruticates spontaneously in all places about Paris much whereof in the beginning of September is brought into the City and bought by women to conciliate fragrance and suavity to their vestments When I had long explored their faculties and found them efficacious I made this Oyl of them which responds in faculties to many Balsams for it conduces much to the Palsey Vires trembling and imbecility of the Nerves it cures the cold dolours of the articles digests watry humours takes away dolours sprung from phlegm cocts and resolves crude tumours roborates the Brain and Nerves and with a little Turpentine draws dysepulotical Ulcers to sanity SECT II. Of such Oyls as may be confected at any time IN the former Section of this Book we have comprehended all Oyls more usual and necessary for Pharmacopolists which should be made in the Spring Summer or Autumn by infusion those seasons suppeditating fresh and eximious Medicaments in great plenty Now it rests that we describe such as Art may elicite at any time CHAP. 1. Oleum Mastichinum or Oyl of Mastick D. Mes ℞ Mastick ℥ iij. Oyl of Roses ℥ xij generous Wine ℥ iiij boyl them till the consumption of the wine then strain it and let the Oyl be reposed in a pot for use The COMMENTARY Mesue gives two descriptions of the Oyl of Mastick one consisting of the Oyl of Sesamum and Mastick the other of Wine Mastick and the Oyl of Roses which is frequently used Praepositus propounds a third which all reject Myrepsus besides the former gives two other scarce at all used This description then that we give out of Avicenna and Mesue is solely admitted for whose confection the Mastick must be tunded pretty crassly then cocted and agitated in a double vessel together with Oyl of Roses and red VVine till the VVine be exhaled It roborates the brain Vires nerves ventricle liver and articles it mollifies hard tumours and allayes dolours CHAP. 2. Oleum Nardinum simplex or Simple Oyl of Spikenard D. Mes ℞ Spikenard ℥ iij. Wine and Water of each ℥ ij ss Oyl of the Pulse Sesamum lb j. ss boyl them upon a gentle fire till the water be consumed stirring of them lest they burn The COMMENTARY Mesue is too much occupied in varying the same Oyl for he gives four sorts of the Oyl of Roses three of Spikenard amongst which those onely that are first described are usurped the rest seldome or never as other two which Myrepsus gives so sumptuous that they rather seem Balsams or Unguents then Oyls For the confection of this simple Oyl of Spikenard in defect of Oyl of Sesamum sweet Oyl may be substituted without much errour for Mesue sometimes prescribes that of Sesamum or sweet Oyl at pleasure The Spikenard must be minutely cut and macerated three or four hours in a glass or fictile pot in Wine Water and Oyl then all cocted till the water and wine be dissipated Some macerate it onely in water and wine for a whole day but so its faculties are worsted they had better infuse it for a short space in Oyl water and wine calefied a little upon the ashes Now half a pound of Oyl seeming too little for three ounces of Spikenard much whereof is very light the Roman Medicks have added to it a pound more so that it is lb j. ss This Oyl is called Benedict for its eximious vertues it calefies Vires attenuates digests and astringes moderately and thence conduces much to all cold flatulent affections of the Brain Ventricle Liver Spleen and Uterus and emends the odour and colour of the body CHAP. 3. Oleum Croci or Oyl of Saffron D. Mes ℞ of Saffron Calamus Aromaticus of each ℥ j. Myrrhe ℥
ss macerate them five dayes in Vinegar Cordumeni i. Carui in ejus loco Cardamomi then infuse for a whole day Cardamomes Ê’ ix afterwards boyl them upon a gentle fire till the Vinegar be consumed with lb j. ss of the best Oyl let the Colature be put in a fit vessel The COMMENTARY There is scarce a disease more frequent then the Neapolitan or a Medicament more usual to it then the Emplaister of Frogs described by Jo. Vigonius for there is not an Oppidane Barber so stupid but he hath made both tryal and gain of this Medicament to whose confection Oyl of Saffron acceding it should be kept in Pharmacopolies otherwise the Medicament will be ill confected yet I think Mesue invented it not for that end for it is credible he never heard of the Venereous Pox else he would not have been silent in that point but he made it to roborate the Uterus and Nerves allay their dolours mollifie and discuss hardness and conciliate colour What Cordumeni is we have shewed in our Book of Simples CHAP. 4. Oleum de Capparibus or Oyl of Capers â„ž of the bark of the roots of CapersÊ’ j. the middle bark of Tamarisk Tamarisk-leaves the seeds of white Willow Spleen-wort Cypress-root of eachÊ’ ij RueÊ’ j. Vinegar generous White-wine of each â„¥ ij mature Oyl lb j. boyl them till the Vinegar and the Wine be consumed and let percolated Oyl be reposed idoneously for future use The COMMENTARY The invention of this Oyl is attributed to the Neotericks for none of the Ancients that I know of speak of it It s Author is uncertain but whoever he was he described this Oyl which is eximiously Medicinal both legitimately and methodically Which is therefore alwayes almost made after the description we have exhibited save by Brassavolus who studying novelties changed it who I think is one of them that had rather be seen then estimated But that it may be duly confected the roots of Cypress must first be minutely incided then brayed with the barks of Capers and Tamarisks the other simples also as Tamarisks Scolopendrium or Ceterach and Rue must be tunded together only the seed of Agnus Castus apart then all must be mixed together macerated fifteen dayes in Wine Vinegar and Oyl then cocted in a double vessel till the wine and vinegar be dissipated and then the Oyl strained and kept It much helps the affections of the Spleen Vires for it cures its hardness swelling obstructions and dolours it opens the spiracles and pores of the skin resolves humours and discusses flatulency CHAP. 5. Oleum ex Euphorbio or Oyl of Euphorbium D. Mes â„ž Euphorbium â„¥ ss Oyl of Wall-flowers odoriferous Wine of each â„¥ v. boyl them together till the consumption of the wine The COMMENTARY As water may by Art be made more cold or more hot so may Oyl according to Galen which may be made very refrigerative if Sedum or Sempervive be macerated therein refrigerative and stupefactive if Mandrake and hot if Pepper or Euphorbium be macerated in it From all which legitimately adhibited Oyls may be by impression elicited most accommodate for Medicinal uses for though Euphorbium be exceeding hot and sharp yet Galen commends it for many uses as mixed with wax for the affections of the Hips melted with Oyl to the Hemicrany from a cold cause from the lection whereof Mesue being made more learned and bold brought this Oyl which he invented amongst those other he describes adding another out of Avicenna whereunto he adjects some few things but that is of no use obselete but for the confection of the former white and new Euphorbium should be selected in defect whereof by Galens advice twice as much old must be usurped it must be levigated into small powder and a little wine or Oyl of Keyri superfused lest it should offend the nose and brain of the tunder when it is brayed it must be mixed with Oyl of wine and moved alwayes with a rudicle then cocted slowly till all the wine be exhaled and then the distrained Oyl must be reposed It much helps the cold affections of the brain and nerves Vires the Cephalalgie Hemicrany and Lethargie being immitted up the nostrils it also helps the cold dolours of the junctures liver and spleen CHAP. 6. Oleum Moschellinum or A sweet smelling Oyl â„ž of Nutmegs num ij MoschÊ’ ss Indian leaf Spikenard Costus Mastick of eachÊ’ vj. Storax * Xylo-Cassia Cassia-Lignea Myrrhe Saffron Cloves Cubebs Bdellium of each Ê’ ij pure Oyl lb iij. generous Wine â„¥ iij. let them be bruised that are to be bruised and mingled together boyling of them till the Wine be consumed let the strained Oyl be preserved for use The COMMENTARY Most dissent about the Author Description Name of this Oyl and the dosis of its simples for all that have spoken of it either adding or detracting something have obscured its origine and changed its antique description which Joubertus finding shamefully depraved castigated and reduced to a better form which here we have exhibited under the name of Musk-Oyl for it having two bases both eximious and yet affine in faculty it may be denominated from either for whether we call it Muscellinum from Musk or Moscatellinum from Nutmeg it may legitimately bear the name But it is foolishly by some called Oyl of Balanus which is an odorate simple as though it were elicited out of the brayed Unguentary Acorn That it may be duly made all its ingredients must be brayed apart and put together into Oyl and VVine to be there macerated in an obturated vessel upon hot ashes for a day or two except Storax and Musk then they must be all cocted in a double vessel till the wine be evaperated then the Oyl must be percolated and the pulverated Storax added to the hot colature which must be again servefied on a slow fire and at length the Musk added and the mixture kept Some adde Ê’ ij of Musk others Ê’ iij. which if it please rich men let them take it but poor men may not compass it Alexandrinus assumes Oleum Pumicum which some interpret pure Oyl others Carthaginean Oyl we with Joubertus take sweet and sincere Oyl for water wine for Neregil that is the Indian Nut Nutmegs for Costum if it may not be had Angelica's root for Xylo-Cassia crass Cinamon for Carpobalsamum Cubebs or the seed of Lentisks or Turpentine-tree the rest are frequent It is good for all corporal frigidity Vires especially for the cold of the ventricle which it roborates it calefies and helps concoction it cures Strangury Cholick and almost all nervous affections SECT III. Of such Oyls as are confected of whole Animals or of their parts MEdicinary Oyls are neither all nor alwayes elicited out of Plants but confected of whole or parts of Animals by infusion or expression for seeing all living Creatures were made for Mans use some he hath for Meat others for Clothing some for Service and
others for Medicine for Sheep nourish him the Silk-fly clothes him the Horse works for him and Worms cure him But more serve for mans Medicament then his Aliment whose Medicinal faculties are diversly extracted prepared and exhibited by perite Medicks whereof they most frequently confect Medicinal Oyls As CHAP. 1. Oleum Lumbricorum or Oyl of Earth-worms â„ž Earth-worms washed in White-wine of Red-wine and generous Wine of each lb ss clear and old Oyl lb ij boyl them till the absumption of the Wines let the percolated Oyl be kept for use The COMMENTARY Those descriptions which are founded on the testimony of no famous man never pass through many hands without some maims seeing any may freely change them without fear of rebuke Yet this Oyl though of an uncertain Author is alike described of all wherein there is no difference but onely in the dosis of wine and worms which are in some exemplars equal in others not Some describe less wine then will suffice for the coction of the worms others so much as will require longer coction VVe have given a a legitimate proportion of each to other For its preparation the Earth-worms must be often washed in change of waters and then in white-wine where they may subside an hour the lotion being finished and the wine abjected the worms must be put into a double vessel the Oyl with red or white wine affunded and all cocted till the wine be evaporated then may the Oyl trajected through a Canvas strainer be reposed for use Some bray the worms mix them with Oyl in form of an Unguent but such are of rare use It allayes the dolours of the articles Vires roborates the imbecility of the nerves from a cold cause and recreates all the nerves by way of liniment CHAP. 2. Oleum de Scorpionibus simp or Simple Oyl of Scorpions D. Mes â„ž of Scorpions nu xx or more or less according to their magnitude Oyl of bitter Almonds lb ij macerate them in a glass with a narrow mouth well stopped for thirty dayes in the heat of the Sun and then let the Oyl be strained and kept Oleum de Scorpionibus comp or Compound Oyl of Scorpions D. Mes â„ž of the roots of round Birthwort Gentian and Cypress of the bark of the roots of Capers of each â„¥ j. Oyl of bitter Almonds lb j. ss insolate them together in a vessel well covered for twenty days then adde Scorpions from ten to fifteen according to their bigness which insolate for a month afterwards let it be strained and kept The COMMENTARY Nature takes man for her Son whom she nourishes defends and liberates from diseases which she abigates either by the opposition of contraries or by the similarity or dissimilarity of Alexiterials Thus the Theriack which is in a mean betwixt the nature of man and of poyson cures malign contagious and pestilent diseases Thus Scorpions always to us offensive do not only cure the wounds themselves inflicted but also other venenate diseases by evoking the malign quality out of which by infusion and expression Mesue makes a simple Oyl consisting only of Scorpions and bitter Almonds and another more composititious besides these admitting of Cypress Aristolochy Gentian and the bark of the root of Capers If any one following Monardus his advice mix Scorpions with more Antidotes it shall be work worth his labour for it is of eximious vertue against all poyson and pestilence I have omitted the description of such more composititious Alexipharmacal Oyls because the frequent description of the same Medicament would make a man nauseate it Mesue took the compound Oyl we have transcribed from Rhasis which should rather be confected then the simple because more Medicinal and efficacious for whose confection the root of Cypress as also Aristolochy Gentian and the root of Capers must be minutely incided contunded then macerated in Oyl insolated and acted as the prescript shews Sylvius understands by one Kist of oyl one Sextary but we have put one pound and a half for a more certain dosis By way of liniment it helps venenate diseases Vires breaks the stones of the Reins and Bladder diduces the passages mitigates dolours and expels sand which it doth more effectually if the affected be therewith anointed after he comes out of a Bath Both of these Oyls have like faculties but the compound hotter and better CHAP. 3. Oleum de Castorio or Oyl of Beavers stones â„ž of Beavers stones cleansed from their membranes â„¥ j. white-wine â„¥ iij. Oyl lb j. let all be boyled together to the exhalation of the wine afterwards strained and kept The COMMENTARY Praepositus is not unjustly accused of latrociny for he stole the description of the Ancients not detecting their Authors that he might draw to himself their glory as it appears by that mole of Medicaments which he hath transcribed amongst which if there be any of his own invention they are not like the genuine offspring of a perite Medick or dexterous Apothecary which thing his description of the Oyl of Beavers stones sufficiently evinces for whose confection he prescribes â„¥ j. of Beavers stone to be decocted in lb j. of Oyl till the third be dissipated without the intervent of any wine water or fit decoction which the yongest Apprentice would finde to be imprudence for who knows not that Oyl will endure a whole dayes coction without sensible jacture unless it burn such things therefore as are cocted in Oyl mollifie not but become hard This Oyl may indeed be made without any liquor if it be onely macerated insolated and left for it was of old kept without percolation Fernelius adjects â„¥ j. of Aqua-vitae but this so small a portion cannot long endure fire Manlius gives another more composititious description which being harder to make and more sumptuous is seldome used we shall therefore hold to Praepositus his description with some castigation which shall effect as much as that of Manlius's pollicitates For it conduces to trembling Vires to the dolours of the nerves and articles to convulsious Fits and Palsey Mesue makes an Oyl of whole black Vipers cocted on a slow fire in an earthen vessel well leaded with a narrow orifice till their flesh be dissolved for the Itch Tetters and other cutaneous vices Fallopius assumes two Vipers of any colour cuts them in pieces immerges them in Oyl exposes them to the Sun about the canicular days in a vessel with a strait orifice afterwards expresses and keeps them which expression he prescribes as most conducible in curing the Ulcers of the French Pox. CHAP. 4. Oleum Vulpinum or Oyl of Foxes â„ž a Fox at his full growth and fat his intrails taken out and his skin pulled off and cut into small pieces of common Salt â„¥ iij. tops of Dill Thyme Germander of each m. j. boyl them together in an equal quantity of water and white-wine till the flesh be separated from the bones and to lb ij of the Colature add
lb iiij of Oyl Sage Rosemary of each m. j. boyl them together till the water be consumed then let the Oyl be strained and kept The COMMENTARY It is not enough that we select the best simples but also rightly prepare rationally describe duly mix and exactly unite them into compounds that no useful part thereof be lost But how ill doth the old description of Foxes Oyl accord with these Laws let its form speak for Mesue commands that a Fox should be exenterated and then cocted integrally both body skin hairs feet and all in Fountain and Sea-water Oyl and Salt till the members be dissolved and a little Hyssop and Anise injected into the coction and some more water affunded whereas there was a pound of each sort before And thus you should have a pot of hairs bones flesh and plants cocted to putretude whose expressed pinguetude is Mesue's Foxes Oyl Paulus would have a Fox exenterated and yet cocted alive till his bones were separated but I cannot conjecture how an eviscerated Fox should be cocted alive Rondeletius would have one boyled with his skin and guts and only the excrements of the belly abjected but it is past my skill to eject the recrements and leave the intestines in the carcase His Colleague Joubertus would rather have the skin abjected then the bowels who would have the intrail washed and elixated with the flesh We reject both skin tayl and intrails as useless afterwards we cut the members and trunk and coct them in wine and falt with nerval and digestive herbs We adde to the colature Oyl Sage and Rosemary and so coct it again till the aqueous and vinous humidity be dissipated The Oyl thus made is very eximious Vires and most efficacious in what Mesue promises for it potently digests and resolves roborates the nerves defends them from cold injuries and cures the difeases of the articles CHAP. 5. Oleum Formicarum or Ants Oyl â„ž of Ants with wings â„¥ ij mature Oyl lb ss macerate them for the space of forty dayes in a vessel well covered exposing it to the heat of the Sun afterwards let the Oyl be expressed and kept The COMMENTARY This Oyl is seldome made being onely expetible for calefying the colder genitals and exciting venery yet in that it may be confected with ease and small cost and desired by such as are of a cold constitution I would not have our Shop quite destitute of it SECT IV. Of Oyls educed by Expression THere are four kindes of Oyls the first absolutely and properly so called which is educed from mature Olives the second not so properly so called which consists of the said Oyl wherein some parts of Animals have been infused and insolated or cocted the third is cognominated from the adjunct whereof it is made as Oyl of Almonds the Oyl of Laurel-berries the fourth is proper to Alchymists which is elicited by ascent The extraction of the first being sufficiently notorious but withall operous is committed to Rusticks of the second we have treated at large in the former Sections It now remains that we treat of the rest and first of such as are extracted from oleaginous seeds brayed and expressed and first of the Oyl of sweet Almonds CHAP. 1. Oleum Amygdalarum dulcium or The Oyl of sweet Almonds â„ž of sweet Almonds dry not rancid blanched from their cortex as many as you please beat them in a stone-Morter very small involve them in a bag and with a press extract the Oyl The COMMENTARY Almonds are either sweet or bitter Oyl is expressed out of both sometimes brayed and expressed with sometimes without their membranous Pill sometimes with and sometimes without the adjument of fire or external heat That which is elicited without fire is best The Pharmacopolists therefore are to blame that had rather be idle then occupied in preparing Simples duly Whence it is no wonder that the diseased complain of the rancour acrimony and insuavity of the Oyl of Almonds Now that it may be rightly confected the Almonds to be assumed must be new and dry purged from both their skins that the Oyl may be more sincere and pure they must be long tunded in a stone-Morter that their oleous internal humidity may come out they must be put in a bag of Horse-hair and then excepted in a Torcular or common Press such as Stationers use when they cut their Books that are bound It should be expressed by little and little that it may be more pure pellucid and sweet for that which is hastily extracted is turbid and foeculent It will flow more readily if the Almonds before expression be calefied by the fire or Sun for so its oleaginous humidity is attenuated melted and made more fluxile it erupts more easily readily and copiously yea by so much more readily by how much the Almonds are hotter if they be not burnt but that which should be introsumed at the mouth should be elicited without fire Almonds are purged two wayes First they must be macerated long in warm water and then compressed with ones fingers that the cortex may cleft Secondly they may be put in some Frying-pan with a small quantity of flower and agitated with ones hand over a slow fire till the Involucrum disrupt which will afterwards come easily off by rubbing which second way is better then the first for macerated Almonds unless they be well dryed before their triture will effund aqueous Oyl One pound of Almonds will emit six ounces of Oyl and a brayed Magma irrigated with water and calefied upon the ashes till the water be dissipated and then pressed will emit as much but this will be more foeculent and fit onely for Liniments Unguents and External Medicaments Oyl of Almonds is commended to many uses Vires for it conduces to the tabid and consumed refecting the macilent body with humid viscid fat and aereous aliment it leniates the asperity of the throat of the lungs and other parts if injected it allayes the heat of the Uterus and of the Bladder if it be applied as an Unguent is perduces rough places to equality erugates the skin mollifies hard lumps and emends the siccity of all the Junctures and other parts CHAP. 2. Oleum Amagdalarum amarum or The Oyl of bitter Almonds THe Oyl of bitter Almonds is educed also by expression though Alexandrinus makes it by infusion for he macerates two pounds of purged brayed Almonds three dayes in five pounds of Oyl and afterwards cocts them to the half and expresseth the Oyl But neither the Oyl nor the manner of its confection is good For Alexandrinus erres in thinking that Oyl can be cocted to the half for it will rather burn then dissipate like water Besides the Oyl thus drawn by infusion is not half of it Oyl of Almonds it is not so ingrateful nor yet so eximious as by expression It is therefore better to draw pure and sincere bitter Oyl out of bitter Almonds by triture and expression which Oyl is
put in a small Cucurbite coarctated with a capitel and so its aqueous liquor stills in S. Maries Bath and its pure Oyl remains in the bottome of the vessel which is again put into another Cucurbite circumcinged with accended fire that it may be better and more throughly purged It s colour is more or less red or white as its efficacy and calour is more or less moderate â„¥ iij. of Oyl may be elicited out of lb j. of rubefied Vitriol All the qualities of the Oyl of Vitriol are so intense Vires that it cannot be assumed alone but mixed with some water decoction or fit conserve and though it be exceeding hot yet a few drops thereof mixed with much water become acid and both grateful and useful to the Feverish It penetrates by its tenuity carries the water to remote parts removes obstructions arceates putretude recreates the bowels and conduces much to the Pestilence Epilepsie Palsey and Strangury It doth not infect the simple decoction of Roses but the Syrupe of Violets with a purpureous and elegant acid sapour for a few drops thereof cast into an ounce of the said Syrupe will make it from violaceous purpureous CHAP. 9. Oleum Sulphuris or Oyl of Sulphur LEt a broad dish be so supposited to a suspended Campana that their brims may be distant about three fingers and let a vessel containing Sulphur which hath not yet suffered fire be put in the bottome of the dish and accended and agitated with a red-hot Iron when that is absumed let more be set on and ignited as before that out of its copious vapour erected into the Campana a concrete oleous liquor may delabe into the dish Some take an equal quantity of Sulphur and Pumice or Flint-stone brayed and putting the mixture into a crooked Cucurbite adhibit it to a moderate fire and educe most excellent Oyl thence Oyl of Sulphur is educed many more wayes for some adde Spirit of VVine to pulverated Sulphur and accend them when the water is absumed they bray the Sulphur and mix sand with it including them in a Vial and eliciting Oyl by a slow fire Some adde Calx others Tartar and others Salt but that is best which is educed out of Sulphur solely and that next which is educed without these things The Oyl of Sulphur is not onely profitable for external applications as to deablate the teeth deleate cutaneous foedities Vires and cure venereous Ulcers but is also introsumed for the expulsion of such diseases as arise from flatulency or frigid crass and putrid matter it also much conduces in the Pestilence Epilepsie difficulty of breathing and many other affections of the Lungs if it be taken in water or some fit decoction it cures the tooth-ach if the dolorous tooth be but touch'd therewith It infects the infusion of Roses with its praetubrous colour if a few drops of it be injected thereinto CHAP. 10. Oleum Mellis or Oyl of Honey LEt a fit quantity of good Honey be injected into a Boccia with a third or fourth part of Sand then let a rostrated capitel be fitted on it and fire accended below it or else hot ashes or sand set about it that Oyl may be elicited Sand or brayed Flint-stones are mixed with the Honey in the eduction of its Oyl because else the whole Honey would ascend by the heat of the fire which should be luculent therefore the Cucurbite and Recipient vessel should be incrustated with clay and the rostrated capitel ever and anon covered with cold wet clothes The liquor that flows first is not the same with that that flows next for the first is as it were white water the second somewhat red and oleous they are sometimes kept a part for several uses but if they be mixed together the bath will segregate them by extilling the more aqueous and retaining the more oleous part It cures the Podagry and Wounds Vires it causes hair to grow well and thick and infects it with a red colour CHAP. 11. Oleum Cerae or Oyl of Wax LEt some quantity of odorate Virgin-wax be melted and mixed with a third part of brayed Flint-stones or sand purged from filth When the mixture is cold let it be put into a straight Ampulla covered with a rostrated capitel let its fire be at first slow afterwards more luculent that the Oyl may be educed We have selected this as the shortest and easiest of all those wayes by which this efficacious Oyl is educed yet if any would make it otherwise let him project the odorate liquefied wax into water eight or ten times alwayes agitating it with his hands and then put it in the Retort and educe its Oyl by fire or hot ashes Now if you would not have it so spisse for it is of the spissitude of Butter iterate its distillation twice or thrice and it will be liquid and fluxile An Oyl may be after the same manner educed out of the Gumme Elemni most accommodate for the cure of Wounds yea Oyl may after the same manner be educed out of Fat 's by the addition of brayed Flint Sand or broken Bricks CHAP. 12. Oleum Terebinthinae or Oyl of Turpentine THe Oyl of Turpentine may be drawn either in a straight or crooked Cucurbite with Sand purged from dust and a fire accended under it at first slow afterwards more valid The Oyl that comes first out is clear and tenuious the second more crass and aureous each should be reposed by it self Some adde to three pounds of Turpentine one handful of Salt and a little Aqua-vitae these confusedly mixed and included in a Boccia emit Oyl by the help of fire The Oyl of Turpentine is introsumed to cure Asthma Vires Empyema difficulty of breathing the Stone cholical dolour and frigid and flatulent affections It is externally adhibited to cure Nerves that are sautiated or labour under any distemper and to fill wounds with flesh agglutinate them and draw them to scars It extinguishes Quicksilver which is then good for the French Disease CHAP. 13. Oleum Caryophyllorum or Oyl of Cloves LEt a fit quantity of Cloves be macerated twelve hours or a whole day in Rain-water in a straight or retorted Boccia well occurated that nothing may expire then let the capitel be set on it and it moved with hot ashes to extil Oyl which may afterwards be sejoyned from the water This Oyl may also be easily educed by an Alembick of Copper artificially structed as also by descent like the Oyl of Guaiacum some adde a part of stillatitious wine to the Cloves It s excellent faculties make it a good substitute for Opobalsamum for being introsumed it recreates the principal parts and spirits arceates putretude dissipates flatulency opens the passages digests cold humours and dissipates melancholical succe extrinsecally adhibited it cures new wounds and old Ulcers it emends the corruption of bones and allayes Tooth-ach arising from a cold cause Oyl of Mace may be extilled after the same
we shall describe the most approved and usual Unguents in the second Cerecloths Now Unguents are either made with fire as those that admit Wax Rosines and decoctions of Simples or without fire as such as need onely nutrition and subaction as the crude Unguent and the Unguent of Quicksilver of which we shall in particular treat in this Book beginning with the Refrigerative The first whereof that occurs is the Unguent of Roses CHAP. 1. Unguentum Rosatum or The Unguent of Roses D. Mes â„ž Hogs-suet nine times washed in hot and cold water fresh red Roses of each lb iij. mingle them and let them be macerated seven days afterwards boyl them upon a gentle fire and let them be strained afterwards fresh Roses put in macerated boyled and strained as before afterwards pour upon it of the Juyce of red Roses lb j. ss Oyl of sweet Almonds lb ss boyl them upon a gentle fire till the Juyce be consumed and if in boyling you adde a little Opium it will be excellent to procure sleep The COMMENTARY That this Unguent may be duly confected the Hogs-grease should be accurately purged from its membranes nine times washed in warm water and nine times in cold that it may depose all its odour for so it will be more apt to receive any odour and easily admit of the fragrance of Roses Now the maceration of the Roses should be iterated that they may be more efficacious half as much of their succe and the sixth part of as much of the Oyl of Almonds as there is of grease should ingrede the colature according to Mesue But to three pounds of Hogs-grease we put a pound and an half of the succe of Roses and half a pound of the Oyl of Almonds Some in stead of the Oyl of Almonds put the Oyl of Roses or Omphacinum but then the Unguent will not open the pores of the skin nor permeate so quickly It may be made without any Oyl seeing it is liquid enough of it self and thus almost all Myropolists make it But it is better to have it too liquid with the Oyl of Almonds then too crass without it And as it is against the Rules of Art that all the quantity of Oyl which Mesue prescribes should be taken sois it contrary to right Reason that all should be refused Some to acquire a greater redness and more elegant colour whereof Aromataries are most studious mix Alcanet-root with the coction but it were much better to mutuate that colour from Roses then other irrequisite simples Mesue would have Opium diluted in Rose-water accede its confection that it might withall conciliate sleep to the interruptly vigilant whereunto I willingly assent and wish that Apothecaries would confect if not all yet part of this Unguent with Opium It extinguishes immoderate heat inflammations pimples and S. Anthonies fires it allayes the dolours of the head from a hot cause it mitigates the ardour of the Ventricle Reins and Liver that which admits Opium effects all these more validly and besides conciliating of sleep cures Phrensie and refects strength Unguents of Violets Water-Lillies and other flowers of all qualities may be confected after the same manner CHAP. 2. Unguentum Album Rhasis or Rhasis his white Unguent â„ž Oyl of Roses â„¥ ix Ceruse washed in Rose-water â„¥ iij. white Wax â„¥ ij make it into an Unguent The COMMENTARY This Unguent consists of few things and is described alike by few Authors VVe conjecture that the variety of its descriptions arises from this That Rhasis its author gave not the dosis of the simples definitely and therefore every one augments diminishes and changes them at his own will Some rather desiring the grace of odour themvertue adject Camphyr others the succe of Tragacanthum some Lithargie others the whites of Egges so that its description is nowhere certain but at Paris where all the Apothecaries make it after this who so rub the Ceruse on the setaceous sieve that it will go thorow then they wash it often in common water afterwards in Rose-water then they dry it and after siccation rub it to powder which they mix with wax melted in the Oyl of Roses and by agitation with a Spatle reduce it into an Unguent of a white colour and legitimate consistence which is indued with much vertue for it cures the Itch Scab Adustion Galling Vires Ulcers the eruption of Pimples Tetters the hot distemper of Ulcers and many other cutaneous vices CHAP. 3. Unguentum Populeon or The Unguent of Poplar D.N.Myr. â„ž of the buds of the black Poplar-tree lb j. ss of the leaves of black Poppy Mandrake the tender tops of Bramble Henbane Nightshade Lettice small Stonecrop the greater and lesser House-leek Violet-leaves * Cotyledon Kidney-wort of each â„¥ iij. fresh Hogs-suet lb iij. make it into an Unguent according to Art The COMMENTARY Salernitanus borrowed this description of Myrepsus and Praepositus of Salernitanus but neither of them gave due honour to its Author both covering his Name Now it is called the Populean Unguent from its Basis the tender eyes or buds of the black Poplar which erupt out of its summities in the beginning of the Spring and are collected in March before they be perfectly explicated whereunto many Refrigeratory and Hypnotical Medicaments are adjoyned as the leaves of Mandrake Poppy Henbane Lettice and Nightshade and of both the House-leeks and Stone-crop but that Vermicular should be selected which bears white flowers and affects not the tongue with any acrimony The leaves also of Kidney-wort which perite Herbalists call sometimes Cymbal sometimes Coral and sometimes Venus her Navel must be added hereunto and it is thus made The fresh buds of the Poplar must be contunded and mixed with the grease purged from its membranes and put into a figuline vessel well operculated and reposed in moderate heat till May or June or till the other expetible Plants may be had which must then be collected purged brayed in a Morter and concorporated with the former fermentated mixture which must then again be reposed in a warmer place for a week or longer then put in a Caldron with one pound of Wine or Vinegar which many think more convenient but wine in so small a quantity will not harm the Refrigeratives whereas some would adde Burre-dock which is hotter some take Nightshades succe to it that the colour may be greener It conciliates sleep Vires helps such as labour under hot Fevers or Head-aches from hot causes if their foreheads and temples their feetplants or hands-palms be anointed therewith CHAP. 4. Ungaentum Natritum seu crudum or The crude or Triapharmacal Unguent of Lithargie D. Mes â„ž of Oyl of Roses lb j. Litharge finely beaten lb ss Vinegar â„¥ iiij beat these together in a Morter till they acquire the consistency of an Unguent The COMMENTARY This is one of those Unguents which are depraved by each Artist because of the indefinite dosis of the simples whereof it consists for Mesue
succes extracted first in common or as some say is better in Rose-water must be mixed with them and all moved with a stick till they acquire a due spissitude This Unguent leniates the dolours of the Breast cocts the humours that cause coughing moves spittle helps the pleurisie resolves the useless and noxious humours that adhere to the Muscles of the Breast and relaxates leniates and mollifies the parts CHAP. 13. Unguentum de Althea or The Oyntment of Marshmallows D. Myreps â„ž of Marshmallow-roots Linseed and Foenugreek of each lb ss Squills â„¥ iij. let them be washed and macerated for three dayes in lb v. of water then boyl them till they grow thick to a pound of this musilidge adde lb ij of Oyl boyl them till the musilidge be dissipated then adde Wax lb ss clarified Rosine common Rosine of each â„¥ iij. Turpentine Gum-Thraganth Gum of Ivy of eachÊ’ j. Let all these be melted in a Kettle stirred and so removed from the fire till it grows cold and becomes into the consistence of an Unguent The COMMENTARY Fernelius gives a far more simple description of this Unguent omitting Squills Scammony Galbanum and Ivy Gum because they make the Unguent too sordid and lest these should impair its digestive faculty by their absence he addes some simples to make it efficacious Yet I think these so necessarily requisite that he that expunges them expunges much of the odour and vertue of the Medicament If Ivy Gum cannot be had its succe may be substituted The quantity of water which was three pounds being too little to elicite and coct the succes in is augmented to five pounds The rest are easie the manner of its confection and the description plain It calefies Vires mollifies mitigates humectates and digests thence it removes the cold distemper and cures the hardness of the nerves it emends too much siccity and cures the Pleurisie and other affections arising from crude humours adhering to the Muscles CHAP. 14. Tetrapharmacum or The lesser Basilicon D. Mes â„ž yellow Wax Rosine black Pitch of each â„¥ ij ss sweet Oyl lb j. make it into an Unguent according to Art Basilicum majus or The greater Basilicon â„ž Wax clarified Rosine Heifers-suet Ship-Pitch Frankincense Myrrhe of each â„¥ j. Oyl lb j. make it into an Unguent The COMMENTARY This Medicament is from its prepollent faculty in cocting and suppurating humours called the Basilical or Regal Unguent which when it consists onely of four Simples is called Tetrapharmacum or lesser Basilicum when of more the greater Basilicum both of them are Diapyetical or suppurative but the simple one is more imbecile and less calid then the more composititious wherefore being temperate it is more idoneous for cocting and suppurating humours For the temperate Medicament is truly pepastical and maturative having more cognation with our native calour whence Galen saith It rather acts by quantity then quality whereas Resolvatives being more valid work more by quality then by quantity not absuming superfluous humours Seeing then that this Tetrapharmacum is as it were symmetral it must needs be the best suppuratory and by cocting humours rightly convert them into slimy matter just as the temperate palm of a mans hand moved long on any part abounding with prave humours Rosine and black Pitch which hath not yet been used in pitching ships must be melted with Oyl and when cold agitated with a Pestel into the consistence of an Unguent The Tetrapharmacal or Basilical Unguent mitigates dolours Vires cocts noxious humours impacted on the part allay their acrimony and fill Ulcers with flesh CHAP. 15. Mundificatum expertum or The expert Mundificative â„ž of Wormwood the lesser Centaury Egrimony Speedwel Clary Plantain of each m.j. macerate them in lb xij of water and boyl them upon a gentle fire and in lb ss of the colature dissolve common Honey lb ss boyl them again till the water be almost consumed to which adde Oyl of Roses lb j. wax melted in the same â„¥ iij. powder of burnt CrabsÊ’ iij. flower of Lupines and powder of Gentian of eachÊ’ ij Myrrhe Aloes of eachÊ’ j. ss Orris Verdigrease of each â„¥ j. make these into an Unguent according to Art The COMMENTARY Seeing vulgar Dispensatories afford no eximious Mundificative responsible to Chirurgeons mindes in deterging Ulcers we have for their sakes concinnated this rhyptical or extersive Medicament indued with such faculties as Galen requires Reason calls for and Use approves of to that end For seeing such a Medicament should by the tenuity of its substance and its exsiccative faculty exterge the Ulcer and separate the filth from the part whereunto it is adhibited one that is emplastical and viscid aggesting and cohibiting the excrements and filth within the Ulcer is much distant from such But the vulgar Mundificatives being for the most part made of Sarcocolla Frankincense and Mastick and sometimes of Rosine Comfrey and House-leek are so farre from cleansing Ulcers that they much defile them Let then this our rhyptical Unguent which will effect what it pollicitates be kept in shops and the rest ejected It receives burnt River-crabfishes which are eximious in exterging and exsiccating The River-crabfishes should be selected but in defect thereof Sea-crabs may be assumed They must be burned on a red-hot Platter till they may be easily levigated their powder must be mixed with the powders of the other simples brayed apart then must all be incorporated agitated and united into an Unguent of just crassitude It absumes the watry Vires separates the crasser and exterges all humours from the Ulcer yet such as are conspurcated with crasser corruption and cadaverous flesh require a more valid and catharetical Detersive However this by a peculiar and eximious faculty cures wounds inflicted by mad Dogs extinguishes their virulency by a specifical propriety and exterging siccating and absuming their infected humours CHAP. 16. Unguentum Aureum or The golden Unguent D. Mes â„ž of Oyl lb ij yellow Wax lb ss clear Turpentine â„¥ ij Rosine clarified Rosine of each â„¥ j. ss Olibanum Mastick of each â„¥ j. SaffronÊ’ j. make it into an Unguent according to Art The COMMENTARY This Unguent is called Aureous from its colour and Regal from its vertue for it is flave as Gold and so eximious as it is fit for a Prince it is scarce ever exhibited without success and yet so easie to make that the youngest Apprentice cannot erre therein They act perperously who for Parsimonies sake abstract Saffron and Mastick from it for so they rob it of its aureous colour and regal vertue If rightly made it agglutinates wounds with sanity fills hollow and cleansed Ulcers with flesh mitigates dolour if there be any and quickly perduces them to scars The Fusk Unguent which is made of a pound and an half of Oyl four ounces of new wax black Pitch and Sagapene of each two ounces Mastick Galbanum Frankincense and Turpentine of each one ounce is indued with the same or like
others Palustrian-frogs I alwayes prefer the Water-frogs before the other which are often venenate but any in defect thereof may well enough supply the place and any one may at liberty chuse these or the other seeing they all agree equally almost to this external Medicament The faculties of this Medicament which some make in form of a Ceratum or an Unguent are well known not onely to Medicks and Chirurgeons but all such as have been harmed by Venery CHAP. 20. Tela Galteri commonly called Saradrap ℞ Oyl of Roses lb ss Rams fat ℥ iiij Wax ℥ x. Lithargie Rosine of the Pine-tree Frankincense Mastick of each ℥ ij Bole-armeniack Volatile flower of each ℥ j. make it into an Emplaister according to Art and while it is hot immerge a cloth that it may be salved The COMMENTARY To the number of Emplaisters they referre a certain cloth Emplastical on both sides which Neotericks call Sparadrappa whereof there are as many sorts as a Cloth may be infected with Salves for some are vulnerary others catagmatical the one used in agglutinating wounds the other bones but no diseases call for Sparadraps so frequently as inveterate Ulcers and holes left by Pyroticks whereunto this we have described is most useful For whose confection first melt the fat and wax with Oyl mix the brayed Lithargie with the liquament wherein agitate stir and coct it afterwards adde the other Powders alwayes stirring mixing and uniting them into a legitimate Emplaister wherein a cloth somewhat worn must be demerged and incalcated while it is hot till it be all over infected inquinated and incrustated which then extract expose to the air that it may dry and repose for use This Cloth is partly Sarcotical partly Collective and Epulotical that is it generates flesh agglutinates siccates and heals wounds and Ulcers it stayes fluxions and roborates the parts whereunto it is adhibited He that would have more descriptions of Sparadrappes may reade the last Chapter of the second Section of our fifth Book of Institutions There may as many Sparadrappes be made by Art as Emplaisters We have omitted some few Salves as such as we could either not approve of or disallow of or else such as were more then supplyed in those we have described For the use of the Salves of Barbary and Diaphoenician is quite decayed the Apostolical Salve is seldome made and he that hath the Divinum may well be without it as he that hath Oxycroecum without Ceroneum We have given the best and most useful not onely of Salves but also of other Medicaments for internal assumption and external adhibition All which if an Apothecary will make and keep in his Shop he shall not want any thing for the expugnation of Diseases Finis Libri Sexti AN APPENDIX Of some Medicinal Waters made by Art BEsides simple distilled Waters some others are kept in Pharmacopolies more compositious whose use is commendable in many things and that not onely in external adhibitions but internal assumptions also to correct distempers roborate the parts and erect the faculties Of which sort these are the most usual and eximious which lest any thing necessary should be wanting we have here subjoyned beginning with such as are introsumed Aqua Theriacalis or A Theriacal Water ℞ of the roots of Enula-campane Tormentil Angelica Masterwort of each ℥ j. Cypress Orris of eachʒ vj. Setwel the Pills of Citron and Orange Cinamon Cloves the seeds of Carduus Ivy-berries and Juniper of each ℥ ss Dittany Scordium Balm Marigolds of each m. ss Macerate them a whole day upon hot embers in a vessel well covered with lb vj. of white-wine the next day adde of the decoction of Goats-beard Betony and Water-lillies lb ij afterwards boyl them a little upon a gentle fire In which dissolve Treacle ℥ iiij afterwards put them into an Alembick and distil it in a Bath There is no Theriacal and Alexiterial Water better Vires or more efficacious then this for it doth not onely recreate the faculties but oppugn and extinguish all pestilent and venenate qualities It cures the Syncope Palpitation Swounding Vertigo Lethargie Epilepsie Apoplexy and Palsey Aqua Theriacalis alia or Another Theriacal Water more easie to make ℞ of the roots of Enula-campane Angelica of each ℥ iiij Carduus-seed Cloves Juniper-berries of each ℥ j. Scordium Vipers Bugloss Goatheard Marjoram Balm Betony of each m.j. boyl them in water to lb iiij in which infuse for a whole day and half Mithridate and Treacle of each ℥ ij put them into an Alembick and distil of the water according to Art Its faculties are affine to but more imbecile then those of the former not onely Pharmacopolists but also any one may make it for it consists but of a few things and they easily compassable Aqua Cinamomi or Cinamon-Water ℞ of the best Cinamon bruised lb ss of the best Rose-water and generous white-wine of each lb j. mingle them letting them stand in a fit vessel for two dayes well covered afterwards distilled off according to Art and let the Water be preserved All do not consent about the proportion of Cinamon to Wine and Rose-water for some put twice as much wine and four times as much Rose-water as Cinamon others put water and wine in equal quantity wherein they macerate Cinamon and distil the whole which is the most usual and best way This water accelerates Birth expels Secunds moves fluors recreates the faculties and discusses flatulency Aqua vulgo Clareta dicitur or The Water commonly called A Claret ℞ of Mace Cloves Cinamon of each ℥ j. Galangal ℥ ss Cardamomes Squinant of eachʒ ij Gingerʒ ss infuse them in Aqua-vitae lb j. in a Bath for 24 hours the waters of Wormwood and Roses of each lb ss Sugar ℥ viij let them be trajected three or four times thorow Hippocrates his Sleeve and make thereof a Claret which keep in a fit Bottle It roborates the stomach helps coction discusses flatulency corrects the cold distemper of the nutritive parts restitutes the hearts strength and erects the faculties Claretc alia or Another Claret ℞ of the roots of both Pyonies Missletoe of each ℥ ij the wood of Bayes and Lentisk of each ℥ ss the flowers of Betony Sage and Rosemary of each p. ij macerate them a whole day in lb j. ss of white-wine and lb ss of Balm-water and afterwards distilled and in the distilledwater macerate Cinamon ℥ j. Sugar-Candy ℥ v. which strain and keep This doth most admirably help for the cure of the Epilepsie Lethargie Palsey Apoplexy and other cold affections of the Brain and Nerves Clareta alia or Yet another Claret ℞ of the Waters of Balm and Coltsfoot Put the sugar in a bladder and hang the bladder in water and it will dissolve it of each lb ss infuse therein a whole night Enula-campane ℈ ij Orrisʒ j. Cinamon ℈ iiij make an expression and filtrate it adding dissolved or liquid Sugar-Candy ℥ iij. which after a little insolation put up It hath an
the Colature adde a little Oil of Tartar and it will become white It may also be thus confected ℞ Ceruse ℥ ss Litharidge ℥ j. Trochisks of Camphorʒ ss the strongest Vinegar lb. ss macerate them three or four hours afterwards filtrate them and to the filtration adde the water of Bean flowers or Plantain or Roses in which dissolve a little Salt and it will become white It is very good against the redness of the face and pimples Ejus virtuor and roughness of the skin CHAP. XIII Of Alume water THE affinity of the qualities minde me of another water of eximious virtues which derives its denomination from Alume which is its basis Since many Juices ingrede its confection which are better new than old it can scarce be made before or after Summer but about the end of August or the beginning of September for then the juice of Grapes is most copious and most acid being immature and therefore more accommodate to confect this water Being extrinsecally applyed it cohibits and deterges inflammations pimples and other infections of the skin adhibited also above the tongue that grows black by the acuteness of a Feaver it will not onely delete its roughness but so moderate its calour as to reduce it to its natural heat I shall here exhibit its more usual and approved description whereunto a skilfull Medick may easily adjoyn another if the particular nature or condition of any affection require it and thus it is confected ℞ Aqua aluminosa magistralis Of the juices of Plantain Purslain Grapes Roch alume ana lb. j. whites of Eggs no. xij mix them well together with a spatula and afterwards distill them in an Alembick Some by mixing the juice of Nightshade and Limons with it make it more prevalent against filth and lice and other affections of the skin and they call it the Magisterial Alume water CHAP. XIV Of a Frontal AFrontal which the Greeks call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is a Medicament which imposed on the forehead doth help the head-ach and it is often exhibited to extinguish its ardour and conciliate sleep when in long Feavers too much waking hath dejected the strength corrupted the blood and exagitated the mind For then a topical refrigerative Hypnotick applyed to the frontispiece of the head will be very salutiferous by abating the dolour mitigating the fervour tempering the blood and cohibiting the ascendent fumes Nicholaus Myrepsius tells us that a Frontal duely confected and rightly adhibited to the eyes cures lippitude and abundant fluours But we must take heed we do not adhibit humectative and refrigerative Frontals to a flegmatick brain or old men in winter especially seeing they are not meet for such in summer Quibus frontalia bene vel male conveniunt nor yet for any of a cold nature But they may be successfully applyed to young men and such as are cholerick or infested with some hot disease which alwayes causes great dolour in the head at any time But the use of Frontals is no way safe for young girls whose Cranium yet gapes and whose Vertex is yet moveable especially such as admit Vinegar in their composition which is an enemy to the brain or are endued with a narcotical or with a refrigeratory or calefactory quality or any other eximious faculty in excess They indeed are very expetible which by the first degrees change the distemper of the four qualities cohibit vapours gently soporate the senses and roborate the brain All Frontals are either somewhat humid or altogether dry the humid are of multifarious forms and consistencies for they are either made in form of an Unguent or of a Liniment or of an Opiate or of a Cerato malagma as when some oleaginous Medicaments are super-added to brayed herbs and a Frontal formed of the mixture Neither are dry Frontals uniform but confected of leaves and flowers either integral or pulverated and sowed in a double Syndon or pure cloth This Frontal is accommodate to women ℞ Of the leaves of Lettice and Betony cut small and of Rose leaves ana m. j. madefy these in Oxyrrhodino and make thereof a Frontal This Frontal will asswage the fervour of the head and conciliate sleep ℞ Conserves of Water-lillyesʒ vj. of Roses ℥ ss Fervorem mitigans somnumque concilians of the flower of Poppyes p. ij beat them together in a mortar with a little Unguent Populeon fiat Frontale CHAP. XV. Of Cataplasms and Pultises THis soft Medicament which onely extrinsecally applyed doth asswage dolour repell mollify relax and calefy as also move vacuate and digest corrupt matter is called both by Greeks and Latines Cataplasma It hath the consistency of a Pultis whence it often borrows a name though in proper loquution Puls is rather an Aliment and Cataplasma a topical Medicament which is not confected solely of Honey wherein some Simples or Compounds accommodate to that purpose have been cocted as the Antients used to make it but of Roots Herbs Meal Oil and Butter and very often and that successfully by clinical women of Milk Bread crums Oil and the yolks of Eggs to mitigate leniate and concoct And he that calls a Cataplasm thus compounded a Pultis and a Pultis made of Barley meal the mucaginous matter of Linseed and Eggs yolks a Cataplasm doth erre nothing according to Fernelius for both have the same consistency to wit a mean betwixt an Unguent and a Salve and as it were the result of both their materials compounded together both have the same method in confecture and in use Fernelius thinks that the Antients used Cataplasma and Malagms for the same thing but Galen initio lib. 7. de comp med gen according to the meaning and opinion of the Antients names those Medicaments alone Malagms which mollify parts preternaturally obdurated so that a malactical and mollitive Medicament and a Malagm do not at all differ nor constitute distinct species as 't is very probable Pultises then are constituted of Roots Leaves Stalks cocted to a putrilency Meal Fat and Oil. If dry Plants be required they must be pulverated if green cocted till they liquefy then stamped in a mortar trajected through a scarce and mucaginous fat or oleaginous matters added to the pulped matter and sometimes meal and then must they be again cocted till they acquire the crassitude of a Pultis This Cataplasm will asswage dolour and mollify obdurateness ℞ Anodynum malacticum The roots of Lillyes and Marsh-mallows ana ℥ ij Mallows Pelitory Violets ana m. ij boyl them till they become soft beat them small and pulp them through a sieve to which adde Linseed ℥ ij Oil of Lillyes ℥ iij. One made of the powder of Linseed cocted in Hydreol to a just consistency will exceedingly mollify and mitigate any dolour This Cataplasm will educe viscid humours open the pores and dissipate flatuosity ℞ Briony root lb. j. Sowbread root ℥ iij. Mercury m. ij Flatus dissipant boyl them till
they become soft in water with a fourth part of white wine bruise them and traject them through a sieve to the pulp adde powder of Bay-berryes â„¥ ss powder of Fennel seeds and Cummin and Chamomile flowers anaÊ’ ij Lupines and Faenugreek ana â„¥ j. Oil of Orris as much as suffices to make a Cataplasm A Cataplasm made of common bread Syncomistum which they call Syncomistum is good for all things if we believe Oribasius For saith he it is convenient almost for all inflammations when it is confected with water and oil of Roses That also is good for many dolours which is confected of leavened bread and oil for it ripens obdurateness heals contusions attracts lurking humours to the skin digests and resolves them There are various forms of Pultises recorded in every Author which here to rehearse would be as endless as useless since these few examples may suffice CHAP. XVI Of Catapasms Empasms and Diapasms ODoriferous Powders compounded of many Aromataes Catapasma quid which for fragrancy and suavities sake are strewed upon cloaths are properly called Catapasms Those Powders also which after litation are applyed to some part of the body as to the stomack for its roboration and those odoriferous Powders which are made for Condiments and other uses as Sarcotical for generation of flesh in ulcers Catheretical for absumption in superfluous flesh Epulotical for the induction of a skar are called Catapasms Paul c. 13. l. 7. But because we have treated of these before we shall not further prosecute that subject neither would we have spoken a word thereupon but for that same paranomasy there is betwixt a Catapasm and a Cataplasm The less affinity falling in the denominations of Empasm and Diapasm leads us to shew their difference each from other as also how they both differ from a Cataplasm Now according to Oribasius cap. 31. lib. 10. Empasma quid those are Empasms which are adhibited to cohibit immoderate heat or other exhalations or to scarify the extremity of the skin or to remove a Pleurisy Those Diapasms Diapasma quid which are accommodated to conciliate suaveolence to the skin or body either by way of Powder Unguent or Liniment Those Cataplasms which are confected after the former description and for the uses we mentioned in the foregoing Chapter Empasins are either used to stay the immoderate fluour of sweat which is not critical but dissolves Natures strength or to help the Mydroptical Sciatical or Orthopnoical Patients Those that stay and cohibit the profusion of sudours consist of Parget dry and levigated Mirtle Pomegranate pils Syrian Sumack Sorb apples dryed and brayed Galls Acacia and such like Astrictives Those that help such as are diseased with the Dropsy such as are infested with the Sciatica and such as cannot breathe unless they hold their neck strait up are confected of Sand burned Wine lees Nitre Salt Sulphur Mustard Water cresses Pepper Pelitory and such like sharp Ingredients whereof Sinapisms also are made which act and produce the same effect with Empasms CHAP. XVII Of Sinapisms and Phaenigms ASinapism is a kinde of Cataplasm for their consistency is alike though their faculties be distinct for Sinapisms consist of one quality and are alwayes calefactory Catalpasms of many and thence they calefy refrigerate mollify relax c. A Sinapism is seldome or never adhibited in acute diseases neither by way of table nor colliquament as Oribasius notes cap. 13. lib. 10. but in Lethargies Apoplexies or the Night-mare and in stupid natures that the dullness of the sense may be excited the faculty awakened the heat acted and the humour discussed The manner of making a Sinapism is thus described by Oribasius and Aetius cap. 181. tetr 1. serm 3. Take dryed Figs q. v. macerate them a whole day in warm water afterwards make a strong Expression and bruise the Figs then take the sharpest and strongest Mustard seed bruise it by it self pouring on a little of the colature of the Figs which will make it beat more easily but take heed too much be not mixed lest it be too thin and liquid then reduce them into small masses of the Figs and Mustard of each equal parts but if you would have the Sinapism stronger take two parts of the Mustard and one of the Figs if weaker two of the Figs and one of the Mustard If the Sinapism be made with Vinegar it is more inefficacious and weak because Vinegar discusses the strength of the Mustard The Sinapism should be put upon a Linnen cloth and so adhibited to the place and should be often looked at to see if it have contracted rubour enough by its admotion for some perceive its effect on them sooner some later so that I cannot certainly define what space of time it must abide on the place But if the Sinapism after long admotion act not nor alter the colour of the skin it must be fomented with hot water with a sponge that the faculty of the Sinapism may be easier intromitted for the Sinapism by extracting the excrements to the skin either ulcerates or at least rubrifies it whence it is called a Phaenigm that is a rubrifying Medicament Phaenigmus After the diseased hath sufficiently used the Sinapism he must be bathed and then have the part affected anointed with oil of Roses CHAP. XVIII Of Dropax and Pication A Dropax is a topical Medicament sometimes hard like a salve Dropax quid sometimes soft like a Malagm as the case requires Now a Dropax is either simple which is made of Pitch and a little Oil onely or compound Differentiae which admits of many calefactories besides Pitch and Oil as Pepper Bartram Bitumen Brimstone Salt and the ashes of Vine branches It is convenient for diuturnal diseases as Aetius cap. 180. tetr 1. Quibus morbis conveniat serm 3. shews and must alwayes be adhibited both before and after a Sinapism before that it may prepare the body for a Sinapism and after that it may exscind the remaining affections A simple one is thus made â„ž Of the best Pitch dissolve it with a little Oil and while it is hot dip in a cloth and clap it to the place affected and before it is cold pluck it off again calefy it before the fire and apply it as before and before it waxes cold pull it off and let this be repeated as often as need requires It helps such as are infested with frequent vomits with collicks Picatio quibus affectibus conveniat and with crudities it helps also such parts as do not grow nor partake of the nutriment The more compound Dropax is constituted of the above mentioned calefactories Dropax magis compositus when it is prescribed for the reduction of any part perished by cold to its pristine bonity and when it is requisite that it exsiccate Then Oribasius cap. 10. lib. 1. adds Salt Sulphur Wine and the ashes of Vine branches to its confection and when it should