Selected quad for the lemma: water_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
water_n	boil_v	sugar_n	syrup_n	5,858	5	11.4323	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A33345	A true and faithful account of the four chiefest plantations of the English in America to wit, of Virginia, New-England, Bermudus, Barbados : with the temperature of the air, the nature of the soil, the rivers, mountains, beasts, fowls, birds, fishes, trees, plants, fruits, &c. : as also, of the natives of Virginia, and New-England, their religion, customs, fishing, hunting, &c. / collected by Samuel Clarke ...	Clarke, Samuel, 1599-1682.	1670 (1670)	Wing C4558; ESTC R17743	124,649	128

a little hollowed in the mid'st with three feet like a Pot above six inches high that they may keep fire under They heat this Pone as they call it so hot as that it may bake but not burn Then the Indians who are best acquainted with the making of it cast the Meal upon the Pone the whole breadth of it and put it down with their hands and it will presently stick together and when they think that that side is enough they turn it with a thing like a Battle-dore and so turn and re-turn it till it be enough which is presently done Then laying it upon a flat boord they make others till they have made enough for the whole family They make it as thin as a Wafer and yet purely white and crisp Salt they never use in it though probably it would give it a better relish They can hardly make Py-crust of it For as they knead or roul it it will crack or chop so that it will not hold any Liquor neither with nor without Butter or Eggs. There is another sort of Bread which is mixed being made of the flower of Maise and Cussary For the Maise of its self will make no Bread it is so extream heavy But these two being mixed they make it into large Cakes two inches thick which tastes most like to our English Bread Yet the Negroes use the Maise another way For they tost the ears of it at the fire and so eat it warm off the fire The Christian Servants are fed with this Maise who pound it in a large Morter and boil it in water to the thickness of Frumentry and then put it into a Tray and so eat it they give it them cold and scarce afford them salt to it This they call Lob-lolly The third sort of Bread which they use is only Potatoes which are the dryest and largest which they can choose and this is the most common sort of Bread used at the Planters Tables Of their Drink Their Drink is of sundry sorts The first and that which is most used in the Island is Mobby a Drink made of Potatoes thus They put the Potatoes into a Tub of water and with a Broom wash them clean Then taking them out they put them into a large Brass or Iron Pot and put to them so much water as will only cover a third part of them then covering the Pot close with a thick double cloth that no steam can get out they stew them over a gentle fire and when they are enough take them out and with their hands squeeze and break them very small in fair water letting them stand till the water hath drawn all the spirits out of the Roots which will be done in an hour or two Then they put the Liquor and Roots into a large linnen Bag and let it run through that into a Jar and within two hours it will begin to work and the next day it's fit to be drunk And as they will have it stronger or weaker they put in a greater or a less quantity of Roots This Drink being temperately made doth not at all fly up into the head but is sprightly thirst-cooling drink If it be put up into Runlets it will last four or five dayes and drink the quicker It is much like Renish Wine on the Must. There are two several layers wherein these Roots grow The one makes the Skins of the Potatoes white the other Red and the Red Roots make the Drink Red like Claret Wine the other white This is the most general Drink used in the Island but it breeds Hydropick Humours Another drink they have which is much wholsomer though not altogether so pleasant which they call Perino much used by the Indians which is made of the Cussavy Root This they cause their old toothless women to chaw in their mouthes and so spit into water which in three or four hours will work and purge it self of the poisonous quality This Drink will keep a moneth or two and drink somewhat like our English Beer Grippo is a third sort of Drink but few make it well and it 's rarely used Punch is a fourth sort which is made of Water and Sugar mixt together which in ten dayes standing will be very strong and fit for Labourers A fifth is made of wild Plumbs which they have in great abundance upon very large Trees These they press and strain and they have a very sharp and fine Flavour But this being troublesome in making is seldom used But the Drink made of the Plantane is far beyond all these These they gather when they are full ripe and in the heighth of their sweetness and peeling off the Skin they wash them in water well boiled and after they have stood a night they strain it and bottle it up and at a weeks end drink it It s a very strong and pleasant Drink as strong as Sack and will fly up into the head and therefore must be used moderately The seventh sort of Drink they make of the Skimmings of their Sugar which is exceeding strong but not very pleasant This is commonly and indeed too much used many being made drunk by it This they call Kill-Devil The eighth sort of Drink they call Beveridge made of spring-Spring-water white-White-Sugar and Juice of Oringes And this is not only pleasant but wholesome The last and best sort of Drink which the World affords is the incomparable Wine of Pines And this is made of the pure juice of the fruit it self without mixture of Water or any thing else having in it self a natural compound of all the most excellent tasts that the world can yield I'ts too pure to keep long It will be fine within three or four dayes They make it by pressing the Fruit and straining the Liquor and keep it in Bottles Three sorts of Meat They have several sorts of Meat there whereof the Hoggs-flesh is the most general and indeed the best which the Island affords For the Swine feeding daily upon Fruit the Nuts of Locust Pompianes the bodies of the Plantanes Bonanas Sugar-Canes and Maise make their flesh to be exceeding sweet At the first coming of the English thither they found Hoggs of four hundred pound weight the Intrals taken out and their Heads cut off Beef they seldome have any that feeds upon that Island except it die of it self Only such a Planter as was Sir James Drax who lived there like a Prince may now and then kill one Turkies they have large fat and full of gravy Also our English Pullen and Muscovy Ducks which being larded with the fat of their Pork and seasoned with Pepper and Salt is an excellent Bak'd Meat Turtle Doves they have of two sorts and very good meat There are also Pidgeons which come from the Lee-ward Islands in September and stay till Christmas to feed upon Fruits Many of these they kill upon the Trees and they

stopping the sharp end of the Pots with Plantane Leaves they fill them and let it stand till it be cold which will be in two dayes and two nights Then they remove them into the Trying-house and pulling out the stopples the Molosses runs out into a Gutter that carries it into Cisterns again and that they call Peneles which is a Sugar somewhat inferiour to Muscovados which will sweeten pretty well and is of a reasonable good colour When it 's well cured they remove the Pots from the Curing Room into the Knocking Room and turning them upside down they knock them till the Sugar falls out in which there are three sorts The first is Brown Frothy and light The bottom is of a darker colour Gross and Heavy and full of Molosses both which they cut away and boil them again with Molosses for Peneles The midle which is more then two thirds of the whole is a White colour dry and sweet which they send to their Storehouses at the Bridge there to be put in Casks and Chests to be shipt away Though the Muscovado Sugars require but a moneths time in making after it is boiled yet White Sugar requires four Moneths and it s made thus They take Clay and temper it with Water to the thickness of Frumentry and pour it on the top of the muscovado-Muscovado-Sugar as it stands in the Potts and there let it remain four Moneths and when it comes to be knock't out of the Pots the top and bottom will be like Muscovadoes but the middle perfect White and excellent Lump Sugar The Skimmings before spoken of when they have stood till they are a little soure they still it and the first spirit that comes is a small Liquor which they call Low-Wines which they Still over again and then comes off a very strong Spirit which is very Soveraign when they are ill with Colds which the Negroes are oft subject to having nothing to lye upon but aboard and nothing to cover them And though the Dayes be hot the Nights be cold and they coming hot and sweating from their dayes labour are subject to catch cold and when they feel themselves amiss one dram of these Spirits cures them And the Christian Servants when their Spirits are exhausted by their hard labour and sweating in the Sun ten hours every day and their stomacks weakened a Dram or two of these Spirits is a great comfort and refreshing to them They make much money also of them by selling them at the bridge so that they make weekly so long as they work 30. l. Sterling besides what is drunk by their servants and slaves WIT HS There is another Plant which they call a With which is exceeding harmful For it pulls down all it can reach to Canes and all other Plants If it comes into a Garden it will wind about all Hearbs and Plants that have stalks and pull them down and destroy them If into an Orchard it will climb up by the bodies of the Trees into the Branches and draws them as it were into a purse for out of the main stock hundred of sprigs will grow and if any other Tree be near it will find the way to it and pull the tops of them together and hinder the growth of the Fruit and cut the main stock at bottom in hope to kill it the moisture in the Branches above will cast down a new root into the ground yea it will reach the highest Timber and so enwrap their branches as to hinder their growth and oftentimes it fastens one Tree to another so that one shall hinder the growth of another If you clear a passage of ten foot broad between a Wood where it grows and your Canes over night and come the next morning and you shall find the way crossed all over with Wit hs and got near to the Canes and if they once get amongst them you cannot destroy the one without the other for wheresoever they touch ground they get new Roots and so creep into every place and as they go pull all down Yet have they some good virtues for they serve for all uses where ropes or cords are required as for binding their Wood and Canes into Faggots c. And without them they were in an ill condition having no other wood fit for hoops for their Hogsheads Barrels and Tubs and they can have them of what length and bigness they please And for such uses they are very good There are several kinds of these Wit hs some that bear fruit somewhat bigger then the Cod of a Bean which being divided long-wise with a Knife you shall perceive the most various and beatiful colours that can be and so well matched as to make up a very great beauty Many Canes there be in the Island some large enough to hide five hundred men the runaway Negroes oft shelter themselves in for a long time and in the nights range abroad and steal Pigs Plantanes Potatoes and Pullen and feast all day upon what they stole in the night And the nights being dark and their bodies black escape undiscovered Another sort of Wit hs they have that are made of the Gum of Trees which falls from the boughs drop after drop one hanging by another till they touch the ground from whence they receive nourishment and grow larger And if three or four of them come down so near as to touch one another and the wind twists them together they appear like ropes Aloes they have growing there very good and its a beautiful Plant and the leaves four Inches broad and three quarters of an inch thick and a foot and half long with prickles on each side and the last Sprout which rises in the middle bears yellow Flowers one above another which are two foot higher then the Leaves These thick Leaves they take and cut them through and out of them issues the Aloes which they set in the Sun that rarifies it and makes it fit to keep They save the first running for if it run too long it will be much worse This Plant in England we call Semper vivens Of this is there to be be made an admirable Medicine for a Burn or Scald An Ointment foor a burn or Scald thus Take Semper vivens Plantane Leaves and the green Rind of Elder of each a like quantity and boil them in Sallet Oyl till all the Tincture be drawn in boyling Then strain out the Oyl well and put it on the fire again and put to it a small quantity of the Spirits of Wine and so much Yellow Wax as will bring it to the consistence of a Linement to keep it for use There also the sensible Plant which closes the Leaves upon any touch with your hand or that end of the staff by which you hold and in a little time will open again There are few flowers in the Island and none of them sweet The White Lilly and Red Lilly are much fairer then ours and very beautiful but

either side there is little change in the length of the dayes for at six and six the Sun rises and sets But when it s nearer the Tropick of Capricorn and in thirty seven degrees from them then the dayes are something shorter and this shortning begins about the end of October Eight Moneths in the year the Weather is very hot yet not scalding but that Servants both Christians and Slaves labour and travel ten hours in a day For as the Sun rises there rises with it a cool Brees of Wind and the higher and hotter the Sun rises the stronger and cooler the Breeses are and blow alwaeis from the North-East and by East except in the time of the Turnado For then it sometimes chops about into the South for an hour or two and so returns about again to the Point where it was The other four Moneths it is not so hot but is near the temper of the Air in England in the midst of May. And though in the hot season the Planters sweat much yet do they not find that faintness which we find in England in the end of July or in the beginning of August But with this heat there is such a moisture as must of necessity cause the Air to be unwholsome The Planters there are s●eldom thirsty unless they over heat their bodies with extraordinary labour or with drinking strong drink as our English Spririts or French Brandy or the drink of the Island which is made of the scummings of the Coppers that boil the Sugar which they call Kill-devil For though some of these be needful in such hot Countries when they are used temperately yet the immoderate use of them over-heats the bodie which causeth Costiveness and Gripings in the Bowels which is a Disease that is very frequent there and hardly cured and of which many die Their blood also is thinner and paler than ours in England Nor is their Meat so well relished as it is with us but flat and insipid the Hogs-flesh only excepted which is as good as any in the World Their Horses and Cattel seldom drink and when they do it s but in a little quantity except they be over heated with working The moisture of the Air causes all their Knives Tweeses Keys Needles Swords c. to rust and that in an instant For if you grind your rusty Knife upon a Grind-stone wipe it dry and put it into your sheath and pocket in a little time after draw it again and you shall find it beginning to rust all over which in longer time will eat into the Steel and spoil the Blade Locks also which are not often used will rust in the Wards and become useless And Clocks and Watches will seldom or never go true and all this is occasioned by the moistness of the Air. This great heat and moisture together is certainly the cause that Trees and Plants grow to such a vast height and largeness as they do there There is nothing so much wanting in this Island as Springs and Rivers of Waters there being but very few and those small and inconsiderable There is but one River which may yet be termed rather a Lake than a River The Springs that run into it are never able to fill it And out-let to the Sea it hath none but at Spring-Tides the Sea comes in and fills it and at Neep-Tide it cannot run out again the Sea-banks being higher than it Yet some of it issues out through the Sand and leaves a mixture of fresh and salt water behind it Sometimes these Spring-tides bring some Fishes into it which will remain there being more willing to live in this mixt water then in the salt Sometimes there have been taken in it Fishes as big as Salmons which have been over-grown with fat and very sweet and firm But Fish is not often taken in this place by reason that the whole Lake is filled with Trees and Roots so that no Net can be drawn nor Hook laid without danger of breaking and losing The River or Lake reaches not within Land above twelve score yards and there is no part of it so broad but that you may cast a Coit over it The Spring-tides about this Island seldom rise above four or five foot upright Into these Rivolets there come from the Sea little Lobsters but wanting the great Claws before they are the sweetest and fullest of Fish that can be eaten But the water which the people in this Island most relie upon is rain-water which they keep in Ponds and have descents to them so that what falls upon other grounds about may run into them the bottom of these Ponds are Clay For if the water find any leak to the Rocky part it gets into the clifts and sinks in an instant About the end of December these Ponds are filled and with the help they have by weekly showers they mostly continue so yet sometimes they find a want This water they use upon all occasions and to all purposes as to boil their Meat to make their Drink to wash their Linnen c. In these Ponds are neither Fish nor Fry nor any living or moving things except some Flies that fall into them but the water is clear and well tasted here their Cattel drink also They also save rain water from the houses by Gutters at the Eves which carries it down into Cisterns If any tumult or disturbance be in the Island the next neighbour to it discharges a Musquet which gives an Allarum to the whole Island For upon the report of that the next shoots and so the next and the next ill it go through all and upon hearing of this all make ready Of their Bread Bread which is the staff and stay of mans life is not so good here as in England Yet do they account it both nourishing and strengthening It 's made of the root of a small Tree or Shrub which is called Cussary This Root is large and round like the body of a small Still and as they gather it they cut sticks or blanches that grow neerest to it of the same Tree which they put into the ground and they grow So that as they gather one they plant another This Root when its first gathered is an absolute poison and yet by good ordering it becomes wholesome and nourishing First they wash it clean and lean it against a wheel whose sole is about a foot broad covered with Latine made rough like a greater This Wheel is turned about with the foot as Cutlers use to turn theirs and as it grates the Root it falls down into a large Trough which is appointed to receive it This they put into a strong piece of double Canvas or Sack-cloth and press it so hard that all the juice is squeezed out and then drying it in the Sun its fit to make Bread which they do after this manner They have a Plate of Iron round about twenty inches in the Diameter

Collonel Walronds who though he wants Sheep Goats and Beef yet he makes a plentiful supply in sundry sorts of Fish which the other wants For all other sorts of Meat which were at Sir James Draxe his Table he found at Collonel Walronds as also Mullets Maquerels Parrat-fish Snappers red and grey Carallos Terbums Crabs Lobsters long Fish with divers others for which they have no names Besides he dwelling so neer the Haven hath of all the Rarities that are brought into the Island from other parts As Wine of all Kinds Oyl Olives Capers Sturgeon Neats-Tongues Anchoves Caviare Botago with all sorts of salt meats both Flesh and Fish As Beef Pork pease Ling Habberdine Cod poor John c. Above one hundred sail of ships come yearly to this Island that bring servants and slaves men and Women Horses Beasts Asinegoes and Cammels Utensils for boiling of Sugar and all manner of Tools for Tradesmen Iron Steel Lead Brass Pewter Cloth of all sorts both Linen and Woollen Stuffs Hats Stockings Shooes Gloves Swords Knives Locks c. and many other things And they carry back Indigo Cotten-wool Tobacco Sugar Ginger and Fustick wood Of their several sorts of Timber Timber for building they have great choice and plenty As the Locust Trees which are so long and big as may serve for Beams in a very large room Their bodies are strait above fifty foot long the Diameter of the Body about three foot and a half The Timber hereof is hard heavy and firm not apt to bend and lasting The Mastick Trees not altogether so large as the former but tougher The Bully Tree is somewhat less but in other qualities goes beyond the former It 's strong lasting yet not heavy nor so hard for the Tools to work upon The Red Wood and Yellow prickled Wood are good Timber and higher then the Locusts The Cedar is the best of all it works smooth and looks beautifully Of it they make Wainscot Tables and Stools They have Iron Wood and another sort that will endure wet and dry Of these they make Shingles wherewith they cover their houses because it will neither warp nor crack Of their Stone They have two sorts of Stone for building The one lies in Quarries but these are small rough and somewhat porous Being burnt they make excellent Lime white and firm by the help whereof they bind their Stones and make them to endure the weather The other sort of stone they find in Rocks and Massy pieces in the Ground which are soft and therefore they saw them to what Dimensions they please and the longer it lies above ground the harder it grows Hangings they use not in their houses because they would be spoiled by the Ants eaten by the Cockroaches and Rats Of their Servants and Slaves In the Island are three sorts of Men Master Servants and Slaves The Slaves and their Posterity being subject to their Masters for ever they take more care of them then of their Servants which are theirs but for five years by the Law of the Island So that for the time the servants have the worser lives For they are put to hard labour ill lodging and slighted diet Formerly the servants had no bone-meat at all except a Beast died and then they were feasted as long as that lasted Till they had planted good store of Plantans the Negroes were fed with Bonavisto and Lob-Lolly and some ears of Maise tosted but now they are well pleased with their Plantans wherein they much delight and thus they dress it It 's gathered for them before it's full ripe by the keeper off the Plantan Groves who is an able Negro and laid upon heaps till they fetch them away which they do every Saturday night about five a clock for then they give over work sooner then ordinary partly for this work and partly because the fire in the Furnace is to be put out and the Ingenio to be made clear besides they are to wash shave and trim themselves against the Sabbath It is a fine sight to see an hundred of these Negroes men and women every one with a Grass-green bunch of Plantans on their heads every bunch twice so big as their heads all marchin gone after another Having brought it home they pill off the skin of so much as they will use and boil it making it into Balls and so eat it One bunch a week is a Negroes allowance which they have no bread nor drink but water their Lodging at night is a boord with nothing under nor any thing above upon them The usage of the Christian Servants is much as the Master is whether merciful or cruel Such as are merciful use their servants well both in Meat Drink and Lodging But the lives of such servants as have cruel Masters is most miserable When any ships bring servants thither the Planters buy such of them as they like and with a Guide send them to their Plantations where they must presently build them a Cabin or else lie upon the Ground These Cabins are made with sticks wit hs and Plantane Leaves under some little shade that may keep off the Rain The food is a few Potatoes for meat and water or Mobby for drink At six of the clock in the Morning they are rung out to work with a Bell with a rigid Overseer to command them till the Bell ring again at eleven of the clock and then they go to Dinner either with a Mess of Lob-lolly Bonavist or Potatoes At one of the Clock they are rung out again where they work till six and then home to a Supper of the same But now their lives are much better For most servants lie in Hamocks in warm rooms and when they come home wet from work they have shifts of shirts and Drawers which is all the Clothes they wear and are fed with Bone-meat twice or thrice in a week Of their great Fires Sometimes through carelesness of servants whole fields of Sugar Canes and Houses have been burnt down For if the Canes take fire there is no quenching of them they burn so furiously and make a terrible noise For each knot of every Cane gives as great a report as a Pistol There is no way to stop it but by cutting down and removing all the Canes before it for the breadth of twenty or thirty foot down the wind and there the Negroes stand and beat it out as it creeps along and some of them are so earnest to stop it as with their naked feet to tread and to roll their naked bodies upon it so little do they regard their own smart in regard of their Masters benefit When Negroes are brought to be sold the Planters go to the ship to buy them where they find them stark naked and therefore cannot be deceived in any outward infirmity The strongest youngest and most beautiful yield the best prizes thirty pound is the

year before it bring forth ripe fruit but when it comes to be eaten nothing of rare tast that can be thought on that is not there A Slip taken from the body of this Plant and set in the ground will not presently take root but the Crown that grows upon the Fruit itself will sooner come to perfection In a quarter of a year it will be a foot high and the leaves about seven or eight inches long appearing like a Semicircle The colour mostly Frost upon Green intermixt with Cornation and the edges of the Leaves have teeth like Sawes The Leaves fall one over another the points of the lowest touching the ground In a quarter of a year more the Blossome appears on the top of the stem as large as a great Cornation the colours Cornation Crimson and Scarlet in streaks intermixt with yellow blew and peach colour-leaves intermixed again with Purple Sky-colour Orange-tauny Gridaline and Gingeline White and Philamot So that the flower represents the variety to the sight which the fruit doth to the tast When the flowers are fallen there appears a little bunch of the bigness of a Walnut which hath in it all these colours mixt which were disper'st in the Leaves and so it grows bigger for two moneths more when it 's perfect it is of an Oval Form and at the upper end grows out a Crown of Leaves much like the former in colour but more beautiful Some of them six inches long the out Leaves shorter by degrees This Fruit is inclosed with a Rind which begins with a Skrew at the Stalk and so goes round to the top or Crown gently rising which Screw is about a quarter of an inch broad and the figures that are imbroidered upon it near of the like dimension and divisions between Which divisions are never one over another in the screw but are always under the middle of the Figures above which so vary in their colours as that if you see one hundred Pines they are not like one another And every of those Figures hath a little tuft some Green some Yellow some Ash-colour and some Carnation There are two sorts of Pines the King and the Queen-Pine The Queen is far more delicate and hath her Colours of all Greens which shadows intermixt with faint Cornations but most of all Frost upon Green and Sea-greens The King-Pine hath mostly all sorts of yellows shadowed with Grass-greens Some of them are fourteen inches long and six in the Diameter Most of them having heavy bodies and slender stalks bowed down till they are on the ground Some of them have a dozen little ones round about the prime Fruit which are ripe by turns and all very good When it 's ripe it hath an admirable smell when they come to eat them they first cut off the Crown and send that to be planted Then they pare off the most beautiful Rind and cut the Fruit into slices in a Dish and there issues out a Liquor as clear as Spring-water about six spoonful which in tast is in a high degree delicious and in eating the Fruit the delicate variety of tasts will change and flow so fast upon your Pallat as your fancy can hardly keep way with them to distinguish the one from other How they Plant their Sugar-Canes They dig a small Trench of six inches broad and as deep in a straight line the whole length of the ground where they plant them then they lay two Canes one by another along the bottom of the Trench and so continue them the whole lengh of the trenches then they cover them with earth and at two foot distance they do the like till they have planted all the Field But they plant not too much together but so that it may ripen successively that their work may come in in order that they be not idle for if they be not cut and used when they are ripe they will rot From these Canes thus buried comes forth a sprout at every knot They begin to appear a moneth after their setting and in a moneth more they are two foot high at the least and in the mean time they weed them and supply where there are any defects These Canes with their tops are about eight foot high the bodies about an inch in the Diameter the Knots five or six inches distant one from the another When they are ripe they cut them with little hand Bills six inches above the ground and divide the tops from the Canes And then holding the Cane by the upper end they strip off all the blades which with the tops they give to their Horses the Canes they bind in Faggots and send them home upon Asinegoes each of them carrying three Faggots two upon crooked sticks on the sides and one in the middle And these Creatures being used to it will of themselves go and come without a guide The place where they unload them is a little plat of ground near to the Mill-house which they call a Barbica Being laid in the Barbica they w●●k them out clean not suffering them to grow stale for in two dayes the Juice will turn sower and spoil all And in the next place they grind them with Horses under three Rollers whose Centers being of Brass Steel turn very easily But when the Canes are between the Rollers it 's a good draught for five Oxen or two Horses In a little time then all the Juice is pressed out and then two Negro Girls take out the Canes and corry them away laying them on a heap at a Distance Under the Rollers there is a Reciever into which the Liquor falls and from thence by a Pipe of Lead is carried into a Cistern which is near the stairs that goes down from the Mill to the Boyling-House From thence it passes through a Gutter to the Clarifying Copper And as it Clarifies in the first Copper and the Scum rises it 's conveyed to a second Copper where it 's again scummed both which scums being very Drossy are thrown away But the Skimming of the other three Coppers are conveyed to the Stilling-house where it stands in Cisterns till it be a little sowre Thus the Liquor is refined from one Copper to another and the more Coppers it passes through the finer and purer it is When it comes to the tach it must have much keeling and stirring and as it boiles they throw into the four last Coppers a Liquor made of Water and Wit hs which they call Temp without which the Sugar would be clammy and never kern When it 's boiled enough they poure two spoonfulls of Sallet-Oyl into the Tach and then it gives over to bubble then after much keeling they take it out of the Tach with Ladles and remove it into the cooling Cistern This work continues from Monday morning till Saturday night without any intermission day and night with fresh supplies of Men Horses and cattel The Liquor being so cool as that it 's fit to put into Pots first

the middle of the Tree from whence there runs continually a white thin liquor at which time they put a vessel under it and take it away full every morning and evening and then distilling it they make a very strong liquor of it Of the Nuts also they make great store of Oil out of the tree they make Bows Bedsteads of the leaves also they make very fine mats which whilest green are full of an excellent sweet liquor with which if a man be thirsty he may satisfie himself with the bark they make spoons dishes and platters for meat The first rind of the Nut they stamp and make thereof perfect Ockam and the store of these Nuts serve for merchandise So that out of this one Tree they build and rig ships furnish them with meat drink utensils and merchandise without the least help of any other whatsoever Pur. Pil. v. 2. p. 1466. and 1704. 32. Mr. Herbert in his Travels thus describes it The Tree that bears the Coco is strait lofty without any branches save at the very top where it spreads its beautiful plumes and Nuts like Pearles or Pendants adorning them It is good Timber for Canoes Masts Anchors The leaves for Tents or thatching the rind for sailes Matteresses Cables and Linnen the shels for furniture the meat for victualling The Nut is covered with a thick rind equal in bignesse to a Cabbage The shell is like the skull of a man or rather a deaths-head the eyes nose and mouth being easily discerned within it is contained a quart of sweet and excellent liquor like new white-wine but far more aromatick tasted the meat or kernel is better relished than our Phelberds and is enough to satisfy the appetite of two reasonable men The Indian Nut alone Is cloathing meat and trencher drink and Can. Boat Cable Sail Mast Needle all in one Herb. And Sylvester hath set them forth to the life in these verses The Indian Isles most admirable be In those rare fruits call'd Coquos commonly The which alone far richer wonder yeilds Then all our Groves Meads gardens orchards Fields What wouldst thou drink the wounded leaves drop wine Lackst thou fine linnen dresse the tender rine Dresse it like Flax spin it then weave it well It shall thy Camrick and thy Lawn excell Longst thou for Butter bite the poulpous part For never better came to any mart Do'st need good Oyle then boult it to and fro And passing Oyl it soon becometh so Or Vinegar to whet thine appetite Why Sun it well and it will sharply bite Or want's thou Sugar steep the same a stownd And sweeter Sugar is not to be found 'T is what you will or will be what you would Should Midas touch it sure it would be gold And God all-good to crown our life with Bayes The Earth with plenty and his Name with praise Had done enough if he had made no more But this one plant so full of choicest store Save that the world where one thing breeds satiety Could not be fair without so great variety 32. The Plantan Tree is of a reasonable height the body about the bigness of a mans thigh compacted of many leaves wrapped one upon another adorned with leaves in stead of boughs from the very ground which are for the most part about two ells long and an ell broad having a large rib in the middle thereof The fruit is a bunch of ten or twelve Plantans each a span long and as big almost as a mans wrist the rind being stripped off the fruit is yellowish and of a pleasant taste Pur. Pil. p. 416. 33. The Cedars of Mount Libanus grow higher than Pines and so big that four or five men with their armes can but fathom them the boughs rise not upward but stretch out a cross largely spread and thickly enfolded one in another as if done by Art so that men may sit and lie along upon the boughs the leaves are thick narrow hard prickly and alwayes green the wood is hard incorruptible and sweet smelling the fruit like the Cones of Cypress gummy and marvellous fragrant Pur. Pil. v. 2. p. 1500. 34. In Africa are many Palmeta trees whence they draw a sweet and wholsome Wine by cutting or boring holes into the body of the Tree into which a Cane is put that receives the sap and conveys it into Gourds It tastes like white Wine but it will not last above four and twenty hours Idem 35. In New-Spain there are many trees which they call Manguey It hath great and large leaves at the end whereof is a strong and sharp point which they use for pins and needles and out of the leaf they draw a kind of thred which they use much to few with The body of the Tree is big which when it is tender they cut and out of the hole proceeds a liquor which they drink like water being fresh and sweet This liquor being sodden becomes Wine which being kept till it be sower makes good Vinegar Boil it it a litle more than for Wine and it makes a fine Syrup and boil it till it be thick and it makes Hony Idem v. 3. p. 957. 36. There is a certain Tree in New-Spain called Tunalls in whose leaves breed certain small worms which are covered with a fine web compassing them in daintily This in the season they gather and let it drye and this is that Cochenille so famous and dear wherewith they Dye in grain Idem 37. The Jack or Giack is an high tree and uneasy to be ascended the Jack for shew and bigness resembles a Pumpeon without it is of a gold yellow mixt with veins within its soft and tender full of golden coloured cloves each full of kernels not unlike a great French Bean but more round each of them hath an hard stone within it the fruit is somewhat unpleasant at the first taste t is glutinous and clammy in the mouth but very restorative and good for the back 38. The Ananas is not inferiour to the Jack in bulk and roundnesse It ariseth from no seed or sowing but from a root like an Artichok when they are ripe they shew themselves and are not above two foot high without it is covered with a drie rind hard and skaley within its wholesome and pleasant and though a little of it seems to satiate the appetite yet the stomach likes it well and its easie of digestion 39. The Duroyen is somewhat like the Jack in shape round the inward vertue is far greater than the outward beauty at first opening it hath an unpleasant smell the meat is whitish and divided into a dozen cells or partitions filled with stones as big as Chesnuts white and cordial It s a fruit nutritive and dainty and may well be called an Epitome of all the best and rarest fruits in the the Orient 40. The Arec-tree is almost as high as a Cedar but more like the Palmeto I'ts of a fuzzie hollow substance adorned at every top with Plumes