flegm softeneth and looseneth the part and is more thick than ordinary and therefore the more unfit for motion It is either altogether without pain or certainly if there be any it is very little and scarcely sensible For the flegm looseneth the part neither doth it by dissolving unity excite any pain The colour is somwhat white there is an absence of al heat neither is there in this as in other Tumors perceived any kind of pulsation or beating By which said signs it is easie to discern an Oedema from other Tumors Prognosticks 1. Oedema in it self is a disease of no danger for neither is the disease it self great neither is the cause thereof of a dangerous consequence nor is there any il Symptom therewithal conjoyned And if there be as indeed there often is any danger unto such as are affected with this Oedema as it hapneth in the Phthisis Cachexy and the Dropsie this chanceth not by reason of the Oedema but from those Diseases that the Oedema followeth Whereupon we ought to distinguish whether the Oedema arise of it self or else whether it follow upon other Diseases since that the Oedema that followeth after the more noted and considerable faults of the parts designed for Nutrition wanteth not for danger For although it be true that oftentimes without any danger the Feet swel after Diseases of long continuance from crudities collected by the disease yet notwithstanding if such like Oedema's shall happen from a Refrigeration or by reason of any other fault to the Liver they are then dangerous and threaten death by reason of those causes upon which they depend But if there be no such thing joyned together with the Oedema then there is no danger at al to be feared 2. But yet although Oedema be a disease without any danger yet notwithstanding it is of a long continuance for the matter is colder and therefore is cannot be overcome but in a longer time 3. But yet it is terminated by a Resolution unless which sometimes happeneth the matter be hardened The Cure As touching the Cure we must first of al consider as was said before whether the Oedema follow any other Disease of the more noble parts For if this shal happen out care ought especially to be that the Disease upon which it depends be taken away since that unless this be taken away it cannot be cured and that if this primary Disease be removed it then vanisheth of its own accord If yet notwithstanding the Oedema bring along with it any trouble and that it prove hard to be cured it wil not be amiss then to rub the part wel with Oyl mingled with Salt or to foment it with a Spunge soaked in Wine in which Wormwood hath been boyled But if the Oedema arise without any other Disease then in the first place the cause from which the matter is supplied is to be removed and taken away And therefore in the very first beginning the course of Diet that is to be ordained must be such that in the least tendeth not to the generating and breeding of flegm but rather such as wasteth and destroyeth it And therefore let the Air in which the sick person abideth be dry and likewise let the meat and drink that he lives upon have a power and quality of attenuating and drying Let the sick party therefore be very sparing and temperate in meat and drink that so the Natural heat be not oppressed and overwhelmed and so by the weakening of it Grudities be generated but that the said heat may rather wast and consume those crudities and the more fitly and effectually work upon them Let his Bread be wel baked and leavened and let him altogether abstain from bread unleavened and let him but seldom eat either Pot-herbs or Broths Fish is altogether unfit for him unless it be fresh River fish and of them such as are of a more solid substance and these likewise even as al other his food are to be seasoned and sauced with Spices and drying herbs Al endeavor must be used that the Belly may dayly discharge its office which if of it self it cannot do it wil then be requisite that before his meals he take some Aloes which looseneth the Belly and consumeth and drieth up the superabundant humidity Before meals if it may be done without any offence and prejudice unto the part affected let the sick person exercise himself that so the superfluous moisture may be consumed and the Native heat excited and stirred up and to conclude let him sleep only in the night and let his sleep then likewise be but short Secondly In an Oedema properly so called Venesection hath no place at al for here the blood is no waies peccant but only the flegm but the cold and crude humors in the body are to be concocted and evacuated And first of al the matter is to be digested concocted by Medicaments that heat and dry such as are elsewhere often propounded in the preparation of the flegmy humor of which a certain Hydromel or Oxymel may most fitly be compounded But yet notwithstanding if the humor be only wheyish there is then no need at al of concoction Afterward the matter is to be evacuated by Medicaments that draw forth the flegm which are elsewhere propounded As for what concerns the part it self that is affected the pituitous or flegmy humour which hath flown together into it ought to be evacuated and this may be done by Repellers and Digestives or those things that discuss and scatter But if Repellers be made use of they are to be administred not so much to drive back the humor as to confirm and strengthen the part and to dry up and consume the maâ—ter unto which likewise there may not unfitly be added some of those Remedies that have in them a power and virtue to discuss To this end and purpose Galen maketh use of a new Spunge or if a new one may not be had than any other throughly wet and soaked in Nitre and Ley and Posca that is a mixture of Vinegar and Water There may likewise be used the courser part of Hemp which we cal Hurds instead of the Spunge Which said Medicament if it accomplish not our desire the quantity of the Vinegar may then be augmented and a little Alum therewith mingled And if neither this effect our purpose nor satisfie our expectation we ought then to betake our selves unto those that are stronger and more forcible As Take Flowers of red Roses Camomile the Leaves of Myrtle and of Wormwood of each half an handful Pomegranate Flowers and the Cypress Nut of each one handful Alum and common Salt of each one ounce and half boyl them in Vinegar and Water or in Ley and so apply it with a Spunge a Linen Cloth or Hurds Or else Take the Leaves of the Sallow Tree Myrtle Wormwood the Flowers of Camomile and of St. Johns-wort of each half a handful let them be all boyled in Ley until all
the Ley be consumed afterward let them be wel pounded and bruised and then add the Oyl of Myrtle of Roses and of Wormwood of each one ounce Salt half a handful Nitre one ounce make a Cataplasm Or Take Cypress Nuts Pomegranate Flowers of each half a handfull Flowers of Camomile and red Roses and the Leaves of Wormwood of each half a handful the meal of Barley and Lupines of each half an ounce Alum three drams Aloes and Myrtle of each one dram Saffron one scruple boyl them in a sufficient quantity of Water and Vinegar and make a Cataplasm Afterward in the state we are to proceed unto those things that discuss and dry much For this purpose there is commended the Water of Lime or a Ley of the Vine ashes applied with a Spunge Or Take Marshmallow Roots one handful the Flowers of Camomile and Melilote of each half a handfull boyl them in Wine and Vinegar adding afterwards of Hoggs Fat two ounces old Oyl half an ounce the Spume or Froth of Silver one ounce Mingle them and make a Cataplasm That Medicament is also very efficacious that is made of Rue Honey and Salt Or Take Sulphur one ounce Pigeons Dung ten drams Bean meal one ounce and half the meal of Lupines one ounce Honey one ounce and half and so make a Cataplasm with the Decoction of Camomile flowers Or Take Sulphur Myrrh Salt of each one ounce old Oyl and Vinegar of each as much as will suffice and make a Liniment Or Take Bryony roots two ounces Wormwood Bearfoots Camomile Melilote of each half a handful boyl them in Water of Honey and being wel bruised searced add to them the powder of red Roses the Meal of Beans and Lupines of each half an ounce old Oyl as much as will suffice and make a Cataplasm Or Take the Root of Asphodil and the wild Cucumber white Lilly roots and Flowers of Camomile of each one handful boyl them untill they be soft and then add of Leaven Tartar washed or slaked Lime and Sulphur of each an ounce Frankincense six drams the Fat of a Hart the Marrow of the Thigh-bones of Oxen of each ten drams make a Cataplasm There is likewise commended Ox dung or Cow dung for it both mollifieth and resolveth of which with Sulphur Frankincense Honey Vinegar and the Broth of a Cabbage or Colwort there may be made a Cataplasm In the applying of all which Medicaments it is requisite that we observe that before ever the Emplasters or Unguents and Liniments be applied the part be first made hot by frictions or rubbings and fomentations for otherwise the Medicâ—ments will not easily effect and accomplish our desire and expectation by reason of the coldness of the part The frictions may be made with hot Linen Cloaths the fomentations may be of the Decoction of Camomile flowers and Melilote flowers and of the Leaves of Betony Sage Rosemary Lavender Organy Wormwood and the like For by the said fomentations and frictions the heat together with the blood is called back unto the part and the excrements and superfluous humors are somwhat dispersed and scattered But if it be so that the Oedema seem to wax hard and to pass into a Scirrhus then we are likewise together with the former to make use of Emollients or mollifying Medicaments And for this use and purpose there is to be applied Vinegar in which the Lapis Pyrites we commonly call it the Fire-stone or a piece of Mill-stone taken red hot out of the Fire hath been quenched and after this the part is to be anoynted with old Oyl in the which the Root of the Wild Cucumber and Marshmallow Roots have been boyled Or Take the Mucilage of Marshmallow roots Linseed Fenugreek Goose fat the Marrow of a Leg of Veal the Flower-de-luce root Camomile flowers of each two ounces Styrax liquid Mirrh Frankincense and oyl of Camomile of each one ounce Wax as much as wil serve the turn and so make an Emplaster But touching these Remedies we shall speak further when we come to treat of a Scirrhus And although indeed it be true that the Oedema is most frequently discussed and dispersed by Resolution yet somtimes notwithstanding as is apparent out of Hippocrates in his Book of Prognosticks Text 27. it cometh to a suppuration but this is but seldom to wit if it be in a place somwhat hotter than ordinary or else that any other humor be therewith mingled as it happeneth in the Oedema Phlegmonodes and this if it happen there is then perceived in the next adjoyning part both a pain and a pulsation or beating And therefore at such a time the Suppuration is to be furthered and hastened on by those Medicaments that we call Emplastick such as are Diachilon simplex and other Remedies made of the Roots of Marshmallows the common Mallows Linseed Fenugreek with the Fat of a Hen or such like As for example Take Bearfoot Marshmallows the Roots of white Lillies of each one handful boyl them and when they are sufficiently bruised add to them the meal of Linseed and Fenugreek of each two ounces Hogs Grease and Hens fat of each three ounces Saffron half a dram and thereof make a Cataplasm The matter being concocted and suppurated we are not to expect a spontaneous or self-effecting Cure in regard it wil be a long time ere it come to this Wherefore let the place be opened either with the Instrument for that purpose or else with a potential Cautery and afterward let the Impostume be throughly cleansed and purged with Turpentine Frankincense Honey the Juyce of Wormwood and Honey of Roses furthermore let the Cavity or hollowness be filled up with the Unguent Basilicon the Unguent Aureum the Unguent of Betony and such like and at length let there be a Cicatrice drawn over it Chap. 19. Of a Scirrhus HAving treated of those Tumors that arise from the Blood Choler and Flegm and it now remaining that we handle those Tumors that arise from Melancholly and black Choler and it being so that a Scirrhus to speak the truth ariseth from both Melancholly and Flegm the next thing therefore that we have to do is to treat of the Scirrhus Now then a Scirrhus is a hard Tumor without any sense or pain or if there be any it is certainly but very little arising from a thick humor that is Viscid Clammy and Cold such as it the melancholly humor and flegm fixed and fastened in the parts For there are two humors to wit Melancholly and Flegm out of which either singly and severally or else mingled together the Scirrhus ariseth as they commonly determine Now here in this place by Melancholly we are to understand not that black humor which ariseth either from the Natural and adust Melancholly humor or else from yellow Choler adust but here we are to understand that Melancholly that is Natural and properly called the Melancholly humor to wit the thick and more feculent or dreggy part of the Blood
much the better and far less afflicted with the aforesaid Malady than formerly he had been For Beer is much thicker than Wine and therfore it also breedeth and supplieth a more thick and gross blood The Prognostick This Malady is very hardly cured and especially if the Face be ful of Pustules and as it were exulcerated and for the most part it accompaninieth the person that hath it so long as he liveth The Cure Now this Affect is not any other way to be cured but by taking away the fault of the blood and what is amiss in the Liver For albeit that the containing cause as we cal it of this Malady may be dissipated in the Face yet notwithstanding it wil not be long ere there be made a new and fresh supply of the same matter And therefore there must not only be an evacuation of the blood and the cholerick humor which for the most part is mingled together with the blood and Cupping-glasses with scarification oftentimes fastened and affixed unto the Shoulder-blades but especially and in the first place the extream heat of the blood and liver is to be brought unto a due and fit temper and the obstructions of the Liver are to be opened touching which we have sufficiently spoken before in the third Book of our Practice Part 6. Sect. 1. Chap. 1. touching the hot distemper of the Liver and there likewise Chap. 2. of the obstruction of the Liver Those Medicaments that are made and provided of Strawberries Cichory and whatsoever Compositions that have in them any of the said Cichory are here most useful and proper As for Topical Remedies let them be cooling when the Face is only red and not yet defiled with Pustules but if with the redness there be also Pustules accompanying it then the Medicaments ought likewise to be such as have in them a power and vertue to discuss Now these Remedies are administred in the form of Waters and Liquors as also of Liniments and Unguents As first thus Take the Root of Solomons Seal three ounces Flowers of Elder of the Valley Lilly of the bitter Mushroms of each six ounces white Tartar an ounce and half white Wine a pottle Camphire two drams Let them stand infusing in the Wine ten daies and afterward destil them Take Wheaten Meal as much as you think fit Goats Milk one quart make hereof Dough and making it into Loaves bake them in the Oven and let this Bread be again macerated in Goats Milk for the space of twelve hours After this add the Whites of twenty Eggs Camphyre one ounce burnt Allum two ounces Destil them and make a Water Or Take Strawberries a pint Goats Milk a quart the Whites of twenty Eggs the Seed of Quinces two ounces Camphyre two drams Allum and Sulphur of each half an ounce mingle and destil them Lac Virginis as they cal it is likewise very good for this purpose made of one part of Litharge and three of Vinegar But this following is more efficacious Take Litharge half an ounce Vinegar four ounces let them boyl to the consumption of the third part and in another Pot boyl of Salt and Allum of each half a dram Frankincense one scruple Rose water half a pint Mingle both these Liquors and pass them through a Linen strainer and keep it for your use Or Take Sulphur two drams common Salt and Camphyre of each half a dram Ceruss and Litharge of Silver of each two drams make them into a Pouder and then mingle them carefully with the Water of Bean flowers Rose water white Lilly Water the Water of Solomons Seal of each two ounces Mingle them c. Or Take Camphyre one dram pour unto it into the Mortar by a little at once and stirring it wel about of the Oyl of sweet Almonds three drams afterward pour thereunto of the Oyl of Tartar by draining two drams and then moreover add of the Yelks of two Eggs and mingle them wel together After this add of Saccharum Saturni or Sugar of Saturn half a dram mingle them with al possible care and then at the length pour in unto al the aforeâ—â—d by a little at once the Water of Bean flowers of white Lillies and of Strawberries of each two ounces and so mingle them al wel together Or Take Litharge one ounce Allum three drams Ceruss half an ounce Vinegar two ounces the Water of Roses and Plantane of each four ounces boyl them until a third part be wasted away then strain them and to the straining add a little of the Juyce of Lemmons and with this mixture let the Face be anointed in the Evening Or Take the Kernels of Peaches clean peeled bitter Almonds blanched of each in number six beat them wel in a Mortar with a little milk and then let their milky Juyce be pressed forth unto which add of burnt Allum as much as a Nut. Afterward take of Quick-silver as much as a great Pease in quantity which together with Spittle shake wel and stir it about in the Mortar until it become black and be as it were mortified and then mingle it carefully with the former Liquor with which about bed-time let the Face be anointed and then in the morning following let it be washed with Rose water or the Water of Bean flour Or Take the whitest Tartar Allum and Nitre of each four parts Sulphur one part bruise them wel and then Calcine them and in a Cellar from them make an Oyl per deliquium as they speak or by draining Or Take Kernels of Peaches hulled four ounces the seed of Gourds peeled two ounces let them be bruised and then the Oyl pressed out of them with which let the Face be wel anointed both morning and evening and afterward washed with Rose water and Bean flour Water and the Water of Solomons Seal Or Take Camphyre Litharge burnt Allum of each half a dram live Sulphur a dram and half White Vitriol and Frankincense of each one dram let them be poudered and carefully mingled with Rose water and Bean flour Water Or Take Live Sulphur one ounce Choice Frankincense three drams Myrrh two drams Camphire one dram Ceruss half a dram Pouder them al very smal and pour thereto of Rose water one pint mingle them and when the Patient goes into his Bed let his Face be anointed with the said Liquor and the morning following let it be washed with the water of the infusion of Bran. Or Take Oyl of Tartar one dram Sulphur two drams Camphire half a dram Ceruss and Litharge of each half an ounce Rose water as much as wil suffice and so let them stand in the Sun in a Glass close stopped Or Take one whol Egg and put it into the strongest Vinegar for four daies until the shel be softened afterward take forth the white and fill it up with Frankincense Mastick and Ceruss of each one dram mingle them c. Chap. 32. Of Crusta Lactea Achores Favi Tinea Ficus Helcydrium Psydracia and
likewise by evacuating and emptying forth of the peccant and depraved humors either by opening a Vein or by purging Medicaments if need require and that the nature of the Disease and the strength of the Patient wil bear it but we are here alwaies to take heed how we give those things that are too strong the Malignity is to be expelled and the depraved matter to be driven forth from the more inward unto the external parts and such a like Cure almost is here to be instituted as is wont to be in malignant Fevers to wit there are Medicaments to be administred of Citrons Sorrel Roses Borrage Water Germander Carduus benedict Dittany of Crete Swallow-wort Angelica Treacle likewise and Mithridate And we must do our endeavor that a Sweat may be provoked by these medicaments and that the Poyson may be driven forth from the Noble members unto the exterior parts Which that it may the more successfully and more easily be done the malignant matter is likewise by Topicks to be drawn forth unto the external parts Where we are also to take notice that if poyson stick outwardly unto the body as it happeneth oftentimes from the strokes of poysonful Creatures then Defensives are to be administred lest that the Poyson creep broader and spread it self unto the more interior and Noble parts But if the malignant matter be bred in the body then Defensives are by no means to be administred but the said Matter is only to be called forth unto the external parts unto which end Scarifications may be administred unto the part affected Cupping-glasses likewise and Leeches may be applied and moreover the part also may be washed with the Decoction of those Medicaments that resist malignity and putridness such as are Wormwood Rue Dittany Asclepias or Swallow-wort Angelica and especially Water Germander which is of a most soveraign virtue in all Gangrenes and that that hath in it an extraordinary power to preserve from putridness And others there are that to attract do make use of the Raddish root the Seed of Cresses and the like But if Poyson shal chance unto the body from without and shal either by a blow biting or any other touch be transufed into the part affected then those Medicaments that do strongly attract the Poyson dry it up and consume it are to be made use of for which end and purpose an actual Cautery may most fitly be administred The part affected being either scarified or burnt then there are further to be applied those Medicaments that resist putridness and prevent the Necrosis or Mortification and such as do also attract and draw the offensive and depraved matter as an Emplaster of the aforementioned Medicaments with which we may likewise mingle Leven and Garlick roasted in the Embers And at length the Gangrene being in a fair way of recovery if there hath happened any Ulcer from the scarification or burning it is then to be cleansed by Medicaments of the Juyce of Smallage and Honey of Roses unto which if need be there may be added some Spirit of Wine and other things are moreover to be done that are fit and convenient for the Ulcer A Gangrene from Inflammation Thirdly The Gangrene that is wont to follow upon great Inflammations and to arise from the abundance of blood and humors that suffocate the Natural heat of the part is cured in this manner First of all the Diet that is appointed ought to be slender and such as is cooling The blood and humors that flow overmuch into the part are to be emptied forth of the whol body by opening of a Vein Scarifications Cupping-glasses Purgers and other convenient Remedies and lest that they should any longer flow into the affected part they are to be drawn back and derived unto some other place and round about the part affected there is some kind of Defensive to be applied as we told you above in the first Part Chap. 5. touching an Inflammation And then immediately the blood and humors that are corrupted in the part and suffocate the Native heat are to be evacuated out of the part affected that so the cause may be taken away and the former heat and vigour may be restored unto the Member Wherefore the part must presently since that there is danger in delay and the blood that hath already begun to be corrupted by reason of its abundance and thickness can hardly be digested or dissipated by Medicaments be scarified with many sections and these ought to be made deep enough and of the corrupted blood a sufficient quantity to wit great store and plenty thereof is to be evacuated And yet nevertheless in the greatness and depth of the Incisions we ought to have respect unto the greatness of the Affect it self and according as the Affect is more or less nigh unto putridness and a Sphacelus so thereafter the Incisions are to be moderated Some likewise there are that apply Leeches or the lesser sort of Cupping-glasses if the blood be not sufficiently and plentifully evacuated by scarifications alone The Incision being made the part is to be washed with salt water or a Ley unto which we may likewise add Lupines or Aloes and boyl them together that so if any of the thicket blood continue yet sticking in the part it may be washed off and that the Reliques or Remainders of the putrid matter may be evacuated and al possible resistance made against the putridness And for this end this Decoction following may be made use of with the which the affected Member as often as any new Medicaments are applied is to be washed Viz. Take of the strongest Ley and of the best Vinegar of each one quart of Water Germander Lupines Wormwood bruised of each half a handful of Flowerdeluce root round Aristolochy and Swallow-wort of each half an ounce let them all be boyled to the consumption of the third part unto the streining add of Aloes and Myrrh pulverized half an ounce and then let them boyl once or twice again at length add Hooney of Roses one ounce Spirit of the best Wine three ounces Mingle them c. When the part is washed then the Aegyptiack Unguent is to be laid on which here is reputed the most excellent of all the rest as being a most efficacious Remedy for the taking away of putridness and for the separating of the dead flesh from the sound But if the Corruption be more then ordinary then Gulielmus Fabricius compoundeth such a like Remedy as this following which likewise resisteth malignity Take Rust of Brass three ounces of the best Honey and with the Decoction of Wormwood and Water Germander scummed one pint Vinegar of Squils six ounces Alum and Salt Armoniack of each half an ounce the Juyce of Rue and Water Germander of each two ounces boyl them to a good thickness and afterwards add of the best Treacle and Mithridate of each half an ounce Camphire one dram and mingle them This Water is likewise very useful if
a wollen Cloth be wee therein and so imposed upon the place affected it hath likewise been happily and successfully administred in the Gangrene of the Cods of which we have spoken above Take Vitriol one ounce the tops of the Oake one handful Frankincense half an ounce Camphyre two drams Vrine two pints and half boyl them to the Consumption of a third part and then strain them But the Aegypriack Unguent is not alone to be applied but upon the Unguent that Cataplasm is also to be imposed which resolveth drieth and hindreth putrefaction such an one as Johannes de Vigo in his second Book first Tract and seventh Chapter describeth and commendeth and which many other Physitians and Chirurgeons now a daies likewise make use of And all these are to be applied blood-warm and they are so long to be continued untill the putridness be removed But if the Malady wil not yield unto these Remedies then we are to have recourse unto those that are stronger to wit Causticks such as those Trochisques of Andro Polyidas Musa and Pafio which dissolved in Vinegar and Wine may be imposed upon the part Many indeed do here commend and prefer Arsenick before all other Remedies but Gulielmus Fabricius doth and not without good Cause reject and altogether disallow of it in the Cure of a Gangrene as that that not only hath in it a Septick and putrefying faculty and a quality of melting the flesh as it were but that likewise produceth very great and grievous Symptoms vehement pain Dotings Syncope's and the like the malignant vapours being communicated unto the principal part It is therefore more safe to make use of an actuall Cautery as that which hindereth and preventeth putridness drieth and corroborateth the part This is also much commended Take Mercury dissolve it in Aqua fortis when it is dissolved precipitate it the Oyl of Tartar after it is precipitated wash it Or Mercury alone dissolved and mingled with the Water of the Trinity Flowers and wollen Cloaths wet in this Liquor may be imposed on the part The Crust in what manner soever it be produced is to be taken away by those Medicaments that have been above declared in the first Part and Chap. 13. touching a Carbuncle Neither are we to wait so long til Nature shal altogether have separated the Corrupt from the Sound but the highest part of the Crust is with the edge of a Knife or a Penknife to be cut even unto the sound part that so there may be a way made for the Medicaments unto the deeper parts and the rest that are corrupted For if we expect until the Crust shal be freed of its own accord it may possibly happen that under the Crust a new putridness may be contracted The rest of the Cure is in the same order to be proceeded in as is fit to be done in Ulcers Fourthly If the Gangrene happen from overmuch heat A Gangrene from too much heat then a Cold Diet being prescribed and the hot humors being duly qualified and evacuated if the Malady take its original from an internal Cause the Member affected is to be scarified and then washed with such a Decoction as this Take the Water of Endive Sorrel Lettice Nightshade and Vinegar of each one pint Syrup of Sorrel two pound of Lupines half an ounce Water Germander half a handful Salt three ounces boyl them till a third part be consumed After this the Aegyptiack Unguent and the Cataplasm but even now mentioned is to be imposed and the rest which were before prescribed are speedily to follow Where notwithstanding this is to be observed that unless in case of urgent necessity we must not have recourse unto the actual Câ—utery lest that hereby to wit by the power and force of the fire the extraneous heat which is the Cause of the Gangrene be augmented Fifthly and lastly If the Gangrene arise from the defect of Aliment and Blood and Spirits A Gangrene by reason of an Atrophy in the part and chiefly in truth if it be by reason of a Driness and an Atrophy necessaâ—ry Nutriment being denied unto the part then meats that are hot and moist easie of Digestion and such as generate much and good blood are to be given unto the sick Person and outwardly the body is likewise to be moistened with Oyntmentâ— of sweet Oyl or with Oyl of sweet Almonds and all things are carefully to be avoided that exsiccate and dry the body And unto the part it self that is already affected with the Gangrene the Aliment is by all manner of means to be attracted And therefore here there is no place left for Defensives in regard that they shut and stop up all passage of the blood and Spirits unto the part affected And therefore we are not only to anoynt the part affected and the other members with the Juyce of Earth-worms which is made of the said Earth-worms first washed in Water and then in Wine so put into a great Vessel with good store of the Oyl of sweet Almonds Violets and melted by a gentle and moderate heat over hot Embers and afterwards strained which is a sprecial and soveraign Remedy in the Atrophy and extenuation of the parts but the part affected is therwith likewise gently to be rubbed and chafed unto which also Cupping-glasses not scarified are to be applied But it wil be most fit and requisite if there be already present a putridness to administer those things that do alike both attract and resist putridness such as are Salt Water boyled with Water-Germander Liquid Pitch with the meal of Lupines of the bitter Vetch Orobus Myrrh and the like But if the Gangrene hath already made any progress the part is then to be scarified and the Aegyptiack Unguent and that likewise that is compounded of Pitch and those other things a little before mentioned are to be laid thereon A Gangrene from the interception of the blood spirits Moreover If the Gangrene happen from the interception of the Blood and the Spirits likewise whatsoever the Cause then be that thus intercepteth the blood and the spirits it is immediately to be taken away as if the said interception be from the binding of the part it is forthwith to be loosened and withal those Medicaments that resist putridness as likewise those that discuss that that is corrupted such as are those that are made of the Meal of Beans of the bitter Vetch Orobus of Lupines Aloes Water-Germander and the like are to be imposed And if the Gangrene hath already gotten unto any heighth the place is to be scarified and those other things that are required in al Gangrenes are to be done If an astringent and repelling Medicament be the Cause the said Medicament being removed the heat is to be recalled by Frictions Lotions and Anointings And so we must also proceed in the Gangrene that hath its original from other Causes that intercept the Spirits For the Cure of the Gangrene
the same end and purpose are convenient the Oyl of Roses and Myrtles the Unguent of Roses the cooling Santaline Cerecloath prescribed by Galen And this likewise that followeth is an excellent Remedy and in frequent use with Chirurgeons viz. Take the Whites of Eggs and Rosewater of each alike let these be well shaken and throughly mingled together then let Linen Clouts be wel wet and soaked therein and so laid upon the part Or Take Barley Meal which boyl in Vinegar and the juyce of Plantane and lay it upon the grieved part Galen in his second Book to Glauco Chap. 2. commends a Cataplasm of Housleek Pomegranate Rinds boyled with Wine and so made up with Sumach and Barley Meal For this Cataplasm as saith Galen is absolutely the best in such like affects and also very effectual to al those purposes we intend it for For it drives back that which flows in dries up what is therein contained and fortifies the Members scituate round about Or it may be thus compounded Take Housleek three ounces Barley Meal two ounces Pomegranate Rinds one ounce Sumach ten drams bruise what is to be bruised and then boyl them all together in Wine for a Cataplasm Galen likewise made use of the Plaister Diachalciteos dissolved with the Oyl of Roses or Myrtle This likewise is profitable Take Plantane Roses Lettice Purslane of each alike one good handful boyl them in Water unto which put a little Vinegar to mingle therewith and then add Barley meal Or Take the juyce of Housleek Plantane and Roses of each one ounce and half Barley meal one ounce Vinegar half an ounce Oyl of Roses as much as will suffice boyl them into the form of a Pultise Or Take Pomegranate rinds red Saunders of each half an ounce Bolearmoniack two ounces Barley meal one ounce Housleek one ounce and half Oyl of Roses and Myrtle of each as much as is sufficient and make a Cataplasm Where there is need of a stronger Repulsion and if the part wil admit of it those Remedies that are somewhat more forcible are to be used As Take Bolearmoniack Dragonsblood of each one dram the Root of the greater Comfrey half an ounce Barley meal two ounces make a powder which as occasion shall require is with Rose-water and the white of an Eg made into the form of a Cataplasm and so laid on Intercepters and Defensives Those things that Intercept which are also commonly called Defensives are the same with Repellers and only differ in respect of the place whereunto they are applied For drivers back are applied unto the very place inflamed but Intercepters and Defensives unto the parts and waies by which the humor flows unto the affected part that so it may be intercepted in its passage and that the way may be shut up against it that so it reach not unto the aggrieved part And indeed these are most commodiously applied to those parts that have little or no Flesh and unto those in which the Vessels do more appear and are conspicuous as in the joynts and above the joynts As for instance if the inflammation be in the Hand they are then applied unto the Wrist if betwixt the Wrist and the Elbow they are then to be applied above the Elbow if in the Shoulder to the highest part thereof if in the Foot above the Ankle-bone if in the Leg above the Knee Their Quality Now all Intercepters are cold dry of an astringent or binding faculty among which notwithstanding since there is no smal difference as erewhile was said of Repellers we ought to use the gentler sort of them in the more tender bodies where the fluxion is not great the Veins smaller and in the Winter time But those of them that are more forcible are to be made use of in stronger Bodies where the fluxion is greater the Vessels wider and in the Summer time But Medicaments that intercept are to be administred after a different manner For either the juyces as of Quinces Pomegranates Plantane Housleek the Bramule or Blackberry bush or else the decoction of Saunders Pomegranate Flowers Myrtles Sumach Roses or Rosewater Plantane Housleek or Vinegar and Oxycrates are used and linen Cloaths are wel moistened in them and then applied to the Joynts and the parts betwixt or else lastly astringents being pulverized and mingled with proper liquid Remedies are to be administred The Vulgar or common Defensive is made after this manner viz. Take Bolearmoniack Dragons Blood Lemnian or sealed Earth all the Saunders of each one ounce Oyl of Roses and Myrtle of each a sufficient quantity of Wax a smal quantity Vinegar of Roses one ounce mingle them and boyl them till the Vinegar be all consumed Yet notwithstanding the Oyls and Wax are deservedly and not without cause to be suspected in these prescriptions For by their fat unctuous or oyly substance they mollifie the parts and they likewise overheat them if they long stick upon them And therefore it wil be more safe to apply the aforesaid or such like powders mingled only with Rose water or Oxycrate and if we would have them to be somwhat more forcibly astringent mingled with the white of an Egg well beaten and shaken together For by this means they stick and cleave the more tenaciously unto the part and cause a constriction thereof As Take Bolearmoniack Dragons Blood of each an ounce Flowers of red Roses Pomegranate flowers Myrtles red Saunders Pomegranate rindes of each an ounce make a Powder hereof which afterward mingle with the white of an Egg and Rose water or Vinegar as much as wil suffice And last of all we may also in this place make use of derivation Derivation which hath respect unto the blood that hath indeed already flown in yet notwithstanding as yet is only poured forth without the Veins into the void spaces of the part but as yet fluctuats or flows to and again in the Veins Neither indeed can the blood possibly be derived which is already impacted in the part or that already begins to be concocted or to be turned into Pus or quittery matter since that it is now become more thick than formerly and consists as having taken up its abode in that place out of which it cannot easily flow back and thereupon is rendred the unfitter for motion and the more earnestly and greedily retained by Nature until it be there digested and concocted From whence wil easily appear at what time the derivation ought to be ordained and administred to wit indeed in the very beginning of the Inflammation and yet notwithstanding not instanly upon the very first onset of the Disease but toward the augmentation thereof when its beginning is now at hand to wit when by means of Revulsion and Evacuation already both prescribed and administred the blood is rendered not over abundant and that which is doth not as yet pertinaciously and fixedly adhere unto or stick in the parts but as yet continues to be fluxile
now although al Diaphoretick Medicaments are in their own Nature hot and that they acquire this faculty from a certain due proportion observed in their mixture yet notwithstanding among them some are stronger some weaker Those of the milder sort are Chamomel Melilot the Roots of Marsh-mallows the Roots of white Lillies and of Fenugreek the flour or meal of Lupines of Orobus or bitter Vetch and of Cicers or Chiches leavened Bread Goose fat old Oyl The stronger of them are Dill Organy Thyme Pennyroyal Hysop Calamint Horehound Orace roots Rue Sage Annis seed Fennel seed Caraway seed flowers of the Elder Tree Ammoniack Bdellium Galbanum Buls fat Bears grease Oyl of Rue and Laurel And those most of al forcible are Nitre and the froth thereof Sulphur or Brimstone Lime and the like We make use of the milder sort when the matter is in a place not very deep when the part affected and the body it self is more soft and relaxed and the Inflammation but smal and inconsiderable But if the Inflammation be greater and the matter scituate more deep than ordinary the body it self more hard and condensed in this case the stronger Medicaments are to be administred Notwithstanding we ought to use the stronger Discussives with due caution lest that by them the thinner parts of the Humors being discussed and resolved and the thicker parts left remaining behind the Tumor should be hardened and the Malady rendered incurable which wil most commodiously be prevented if together with such things as forcibly discuss we likewise mingle those things that moisten and mollifie We ought in like manner to be very cautious that the Discussives be not over tart and biting lest that by their biting property they the more excite pain and augment the fluxion Now out of that before recited Medicamental matter there are divers kinds and forms In the end of the beginning of the Inflammation and likewise in the augmentation such like Remedies as these that follow are of singular use Take Barley Meal two ounces What is to be done in the encrease or augmentation of an inflammation Linsed one ounce the Pouder of Camomile flowers half an ounce boyl them in Vinegar then add of Oyl of Roses and Camomile and the fat of an Hen of each alike as much as will suffice and make a Cataplasm Or otherwise Take Pellitory of the wall Mallows Plantane of each one good handful boyl them in Water with the which let there be a very smal quantity of Vinegar wel mingled together and so let them be bruised into smal pieces after they are thus brayed add of Barley meal two ounces Fenugreek seed an ounce and half Oyl of Roses and Camomile of each as much as will suffice and make a Cataplasm A most excellent and useful Cataplasm to prevent Inflammations in Wounds and in other cases Viz. Take the pouder of Camomile flowers of red Roses of Wormwood and Barley meal a like quantity of them al boyl them in pure clear Water and make a Cataplasm Or Take the pouder of Camomile flowers red Roses Wormwood Barley Meal of each three ounces Decoct them in common Water then add Oyl of Roses one ounce and half and make a Cataplasm In the state or perfection What in the state or perfection of it such like as these that follow may be administred Take Camomile Flowers and Melilot Flowers the Leaves of Mallows of each half a handful red Roses two large handfuls boyl them in austere or sharp Wine and then add of Fenugreek meal one ounce Oyl of Camomile a sufficient quantity and make thereof a Cataplasm Or Take the Roots of white Lillies one ounce the flowers of Camomile and Melilot of each one good handful red Roses and the tops of Dill of each half a handful boyl them in simple common Water and let them be bruised very smal then let there be added of the Meal of Millet seed Fenugreek Meal and Barley Meal of each an ounce Saffron half a dram Oyl of Camomil as much as will suffice and make a Cataplasm Or Take the Pith of wheaten Bread six ounces boyl it in common Water and after this let it be strewed with the Pouder of Camomile flowers and Melilot flowers of each half an ounce red Roses two drams Saffron half a dram and so make a Cataplasm And what in its declination Lastly In the declination such like Remedies are to be put in practice Viz. Take Marsh-mallow Root one ounce the leaves of Mallows Organy the flowers of Camomil and Melilot of each half an handful Lin-seed Fenugreek seed and Dill seed of each alike two drams Decoct them in a sufficient quantity of Water and make a fomentation to be applied warm with a Spunge Or Take the Pouder of Camomil Flowers of Elder and Melilot flowers of each of these half an ounce Dill seed two drams the Meal of Lin-seed Fenugreek and Beans of each one ounce Oyl of Dill and Camomile of each alike as much as will suffice and make a Cataplasm This moreover as touching Digestives is to be taken notice of to wit That if the matter be grosser and thicker than ordinary insomuch that Digestives cannot satisfie the expectation by doing their office we must then do our endeavor that the matter may be rendered fit for Discussion and transpiration by sweat and this may conveniently and securely be done by mollifying Remedies And therefore in such a case as before we likewise hinted unto you we ought not only to abstain from those Medicaments that over-heat and dry since that they discuss wast and consume the humidity that is in the Tumor and harden the matter and so cause the Malady to become altogether incurable but we ought likewise to administer mollifying and loosening Remedies such as do moderately heat and withal do not excessively dry but rather moisten which kind of Medicaments you may before find enumerated and reckoned up among the Digestives themselves such as is Hens fat Goose fat the Roots of Marsh-mallows and white Lillies Mallows Lin-seed Fenugreek Bdellium Ammoniacum and such like al which are most fitly and conveniently administred when the matter is thicker than usual as we shal further shew you in its proper place when we come to speak of Emollients or Mollifiers And in this manner the matter contained in an Inflammation is to be removed by insensible transpiration But we have acquainted you that this matter is sensibly and perspicuously poured forth either by scarification or by opening of the part after that the Pus or purulent matter is generated As for what concerneth Scarification that it ought to be administred Galen gives us his judgment cleerly for it whilst that in his ninety fifth Chapter of the Method of Physick he thus writes But thou shalt more especially evacuate saith he both by the useful assistance of scarification and by the help of Medicaments that have in them a power and faculty to dissolve in case thou observe any thing to
moist and clammy Medicaments administred for by reason of such humid things applied the blood fallen forth out of the Veins is easily putrefied whereupon divers il and dangerous Symptoms are afterward wont to arise But in very truth when from a fal from some high place beating and bruising and the like Causes the blood is not only gotten together under the Skin and the external parts but oftentimes also is poured forth into the more inward parts after the same manner as it is in the Circumference of the Body when the Vessels are opened or broken which said blood is there clotted and corrupted and is wont to cause Inflammations and the worst sort of Feavers dangerous Symptoms and very frequently death it self we must therefore use the best of our endeavor that the clotting and growing together of the aforesaid blood may be hindered that it may be dissolved and that it may be evacuated by stool urine or sweats and that with al due and possible speed For when once the blood hath gotten a putridness the Malady is not so easily cured nor indeed at al without the most exquisite and singular extraordinary Remedies Wherefore so soon as there is any the least suspition that the blood is fallen forth without the Veins into the more inward parts and that it cannot be dissipated by external Remedies we must then use these things following to wit Rheubarb Rhapontick Terra sigillat Sperma Ceti in the Shops termed Patmasitty the Eyes of Crabs Mummy red Corals Harts-born Madder such as the Dyers use in coloring with the Waters of Cherefoyl Carduus Marjoram St. Johns wort Fumitory Alkekengy Card. benedict Scabious the Syrup of Sorrel Syrup de Acetositat Citri Vinegar and the like which what they are will appear further from the following Receipts and Prescripts Take Rheubarb Terra sigilat Bole armenick Mummy of each one dram make of these a Pouder of which give one dram at once with the Water of Cherefoyl or Shepherds-Pouch Or Take Terra sigillat Crabs Eyes of each one scruple Sperma Ceti Goats blood prepared Angelica and Gentian Roots choyce Rheubarb of each half a scruple seeds of Carduus Bened. seven grains Cloves three grains Make of these a Ponder for two Doles to be taken at twice and drunk with the following Waters Take the Water of the Infusion of Lavender one ounce the Waters of Cherefoyl St. Johns wort Strawberries of each one ounce and half Wine Vinegar half an ounce for twice Or Take Terra sigillat Madder Mummy great Comfrey Rheubarb of each a scruple mingle them and make a Pouder Or Take Rheubarb the Root of Madder Mummy Crabs Eyes the seed of Carduus Mariae or Mary Thistle the Root of round Aristolochia or Birthwort of each one dram mingle and make a Pouder give hereof a dram at once with the Syrup of Sorrel Some there be likewise that commend the Water of Nuts They commonly administer one dram of Sperma Ceti dissolved in Vinegar or some fit and convenient Water There are likewise some that make use of Unguents and that with good success also which are likewise taken into the Body and are therefore stiled Potable as for instance the Potable red Unguent of the Ausburg Practitioners Or Take Green Sanicle four ounces the Leaves of Betony Fennel seed Juniper Berries unripe of each three ounces the Root of Elecampane of the greater Comsrey Rue Ground Ivy Rosemary Rhapontick root of each two ounces all these being shred very smal let them be stirred about and incorporated with three pound of fresh Butter Set them then in the Sun for eight daies afterward put thereinto one Cyath or little Cup ful about two ounces of Sanide Water then boyl it til the water and juyces be quite consumed and then let the Butter thus incorporated and moistened with the Juyces be pressed forth and kept for use The Dose is half an ounce twice a day to be taken with warm Beer the place affected may likewise be outwardly anointed with the same yet not at the first beginning and appearance of the distemper but some while after Or Take these Herbs Wormwood Southernwood of each two handfuls the Herb Ladies Mantle Motherwort or Mugwort the lesser Comfrey the lesser Sage Germander the lesser Centaury Crosswort Fennel Strawberries Fenugreek Ground Ivy or Aleboof Hyssop Lavender Milfoyl Marjoram Balm Bugle Penyroyal Pyrole or Winter green Pimpernel Rosemary Sage Sanicle Savory Spicknard Betony Vervain of each one handful the roots of Marsh-mallows Clove-gilliflowers the greater Consound Angelica Pimpernel and Tormentil of each of these one ounce These Herbs and Roots gathered green in the month of May or June boyl in six pound of May Butter adding thereto as much Wine as you judg sufficient let them boyl together until they be boyled enough stil taking heed that they burn not to and in the end adding of the Oyl of Bayes fresh and new four ounces Sperma Ceti half a pound Make herewith an Unguent of a green color the Dose is one ounce in Vinegar or Beer and this may likewise be outwardly applied unto Wounds Or Take the Roots of Tormentil Dittany Sanicle the greater Consound Consound Sarracen of each two ounces Castoreum one ounce that sort of it that is offensive by reason of its unpleasing tast may be omitted Madder three ounces May Butter three pound red Wine as much as will suffice mingle and boyl them till the Wine be consumed herewith make an Vnguent adding thereto of Sperma Ceti one ounce As for the Topicks at the first beginning some Astringents are to be mingled with the discussive Medicaments For when the Tunicles of the Veins out of which the blood is poured forth are somwhat bruised they ought then to be a little strained together bound fast and condensed lest that the new matter drawn thither by pain be poured forth since that if in the beginning only Digestives be administred they wil not only discuss the blood poured forth of the Veins but attract and draw unto the part that blood that is in the bruised smal Veins Afterward that the little contused or bruised Veins may return unto their Natural state Digestives alone are to be made use of For this end and purpose some there be now this indeed is the best kind of Remedy especially for those that are beaten that wrap about the sick person the Skin of a Ram new flaid off and whilst it is yet hot besprinkled with Salt Myrtle Berries and the Pouder of Water-Cresses or if such a skin may not conveniently be gotten they anoint the Patient with the Oyl of Roses of Myrtles and of Earthworms with which they mingle the Pouder of red Roses or Myrtle Berries and the day following such a like Liniment may be administred Take Vnguent Dialthaea three ounces Oyl of Earthworms Camomil and Dill of each one ounce Turpentine two ounces the meal of Fenugreek the pouder of red Roses and Myrtles of each half an ounce Saffron one scruple make
which although some one or more of them be cured yet notwithstanding there wil be stil others arising so that the Malady may seem by creeping still to move forward unto the adjacent parts and if the Pustules be broken there will somthing that is of a quality and resemblance betwixt Pus and rotten dregs flow forth the place it self will be very red and oftentimes also it will have a middle colour neither ablosutely red or pale but between both But then the Herpes Esthiomenos or the Herpes that eateth through is when there appear many smal creeping Ulcers and holes which yet notwithstanding proceed not beyond the Skin or as Celsus in his fifth Book Chap. 26. writeth It is a Malady with an excoriation and exulceration of the highest and utmost Skin without any heighth at all broad somwhat pale and wan yet unequally the middle whereof becometh whol and sound when at the same time the extream parts thereof are in their progress and motion forward and oftentimes that which seemed to be altogether whole and sound is again exulcerated and the Skin that is next about it which the Malady is even now ready to seiz upon is somewhat more swoln and harder and hath a Colour changing from Red to that which is dark and blackish But that we may likewise here give you to understand this the more modern and late Physitians whom we commonly stile Barbarous almost all of them comprehend the Herpes Miliaris and the eating Herpes under the name of Formica as being deceived either by the likeness of names or else by Ignorance whereas notwithstanding with the Grecians Murmecia that is Formica is a certain kind of Warts Prognosticks 1. The Herpes albeit there be no danger in it unless it be greatly exulcerated and extreamly putrid yet notwithstanding it is not easily cured and usually the Disease is of a long continuance unless there be in the Cure a due regard had unto the whol body 2. Accordingly as the Choler from which the Herpes ariseth is more or less peccant and offensive so likewise is the Herpes to be accounted more or less dangerous The Cure That so therfore the Herpes may be cured there ought to be a due regard had unto the Cause Antecedent and Continent as also unto the part affected and in the first place and especially of the Antecedent Since therefore that Herpes hath its original from yellow Choler and a salt humor the said yellow Choler is first especially to be purged out of the Body for unless the Body be purged the sick Person wil never perfectly be cured and made sound For although upon the applying of Topical Medicaments in some one place the part may seem to be found and wel yet notwithstanding it soon breaketh forth again in another If the matter be extraordinary thin as it is evermore in Herpes then Sudorisicks ought likewise to have their due and proper place But if there be any thing of Phlegm or of the serous wheyish humor therewithall mingled then some of those Medicaments that purge Flegm and Whey may therewith be mingled The Diet likewise that is prescribed ought to be such as is fit and convenient where Choler and the adust humor offendeth Now when we have in the first place done what is requisite as to the Antecedent Cause we are in the next place to take into consideration that very Cause that we call conteining And therefore first of all when there is in the Skin an extream and intense heat of Choler then Coolers are to be administred that may both extinguish the fervent heat of the Choler and likewise repell and drive back moderately such as are those Refrigerating Medicaments that are commonly wont to be administred in the Erysipelas as for instance Lettice Knotgrass and Navel-wort which last some cal Venus-Navel or Kidney-wort and the like After that the fervency of the heat is somwhat abated and qualified that which remaineth behind is to be digested and dissipated by Medicaments that are rather of a drying Nature than such as moisten as for example Linseed boyled in Wine and Oyl and the spume or froth of Silver And these are more convenient in a simple heat But now if Pustules shal chance to happen because that they are somtimes broken and putrefie lest that there be excited in the part a putridness those Refrigerating and Repelling Medicaments ought not to be cold and waterish but cold and dry And therefore in the first place we are to make use of the yong Shoots of the Vines the tops of the Black-berry bush or as some cal it the Dog-berry tree the Leaves of the Sallow tree and Plantane Here is likewise useful the Cataplasm that is made of the Rinds of the Pomegranate and Barley meal boyled in Wine There may also be administred Galls Cypress Nuts Pomegranate flowers Bole-armenick and Terra Sigillata And when at length there is need of Digestives there may be Cataplasms compounded of the Meal of Millet Beans Flax and Lupines boyled in Wine If the Pustules break and the Pus flow forth there are likewise Cleansers to be administred For this end and purpose this following is fit and proper Take Plantane Shepherds Pouch the tops of the Bramble bush of each one handful the cups of green Acorns twelve pair Myrtle leaves one ounce Pomegranate flowers Myrrh and Frankincense of each half an ounce boyl them in Water out of the Smiths Forge Or Take Rosin Turpentine washed with Rose water of each one ounce Oyl of Roses half an ounce the Yelks of two Eggs the juyce of two sweet Oranges Mingle them c. In the Herpes Miliaris this is likewise very useful Take Chalk Oyl of Olives and Vinegar of each of much as will suffice Mingle them and make a Liniment Valescus de Taranta in a proper and peculiar Chapter of the cure of Formica commendeth for a secret this that followeth Take the moist juycy Wool of a Sheep let it be held to the fire until it be black and then let it be made into a Pouder afterward let it be mingled with Rose water that it may become like unto Varnish with the which let the part affected with a feather be anointed thrice every day until it be wel Or Take Barley meal Bean meal the meal of Lentils of each one ounce and half the pouder of red Roses Wormwood the prickly Dock of each half an ounce boyl them in the Decoction of Pomegranate rinds Pomegranate flowers Plantane add hereto afterward the Oyl of Myrtle and Honey of each a sufficient quentity and make an Vnguent Unto which if use and need require it we may also add and mingle the flower of Brass and such like And the very same likewise are convenient in the Herpes Esthiomenos as for instance Take Sumach Plantane Galls of each an ounce and half of branny Bread one ounce Pouder of Roses half an ounce boyl them all in Wine and make a Cataplasm Or Take cleansed
one ounce and half boyl them in a sufficient quantity of common water or else Whey and for two pound of the streining clarified add of the Syrup of Endive and Cichory with Rheubarb of each half an ounce of Elder Vinegar two ounces Mingle them wel together and let the Patient take hereof four or five ounces Or Take Cichory roots six drams Lichorish three drams Fumitory two handfuls Endive one handful Flowers of Borrage Violets Bugloss of each half a handful the seed of Melons and Endive of each one dram the Leaves of Sene one ounce the Rinds of Mirâ—bolans Citrin and Ind. of each half an ounce Polypody of the Oak five drams the whitest Agarick four drams choice Rheubarb two drams Spike one scruple Cinnamom and Ginger of each half a dram let them boyl in a sufficient quantity of Scabious and Fumitory water for two lib. let them stand for one night and afterward strain and clarifie them and let them be aromatized and spiced with Lign Aloes and red Saunders of each one scruple The Dose is four or five ounces Or Take the Decoction of Sene nine ounces Syrup of Fumitory Epithymum and of Cichory with Rheubarb of each two ounces Mingle and aromatize them with Cinnamom and Spec. Diarrhod Abbat half a dram give hereof at once four or five ounces Or Take Fumitory one handful the four Cordial Flowers of each one pugil Epithymum half a dram rasped Liquorish two drams the Leaves of elect and choice Sene three drams black Hellebore one scruple Polypody of the Oak three drams Raisins stoned two drams Anise seed one scruple boyl for four ounces In the streining infuse of the most choice Rheubarb one scruple Cinnamom half a scruple Spike and Schaenanth of each three ounces unto the streining pressed forth add of the Syrup of Fumitory and Bizantin simp of each three drams Make herewith a Potion to drink and let it be taken down as often as need requireth If it be requisite and that the Body stand in need of any further purging then let the stronger sort of Purgers be administred As Take Confection of Hamech three drams Elect Roses of Mesâ—nes one dram and half and so make a Bole. Or dissolve these Electuaries in the simple water or the Decoction of Fumitory three ounces thereof and then add Syrup of Epithymum and Fumitory one ounce and mingle them After other preparations and purgations we may then safely use the infusion of black Hellebore in this manner prepared Take the roots of Cichory and Polypody of the Oak of each one dram and half Fumitory half a handful Flowers of Borrage Bugloss and Cichory of each one pugil Epithymum and Raisins of each two drams boyl them for five ounces in the streining infuse for the space of one whol night of the true black Hellebore a dram and half Cinnamom one scruple Carrot and Anise seed of each half a scruple Cloves five grains unto the streining pressed forth add Syrup of Fumitory and of Cichory with Rheubarb of each three drams Let them be aromatized with one scruple of the Species of Diarrhodon Abbatiâ— But more especially there is here to be administred as that that is of singular benefit the Whey of Milk and chiefly that of Goats Milk which indeed in the moist Scabies may first of all be administred with one ounce of Succus Rosarum or the Juyce of Roses that it may withall purge and after for four or five daies may only alter If the Scabies be dry then there may be added two or three ounces of the Juyce of Fumitory or also two ounces of the Emulsion of the seed of Melons and thus it is a most efficacious Medicament both against the Scabies and the Itch. Or else the Whey may likewise be prepared after this manner Take the Whey of Goats Milk one quart Mirobalans bruised two ounces Epithymum one dram and half infuse them for a night and in the morning give the Patient one ounce of the streining Or Take the Roots of Cichory Fumitory Sorrel the Sprouts or tendrels of Hops Agrimony new gathered of each one handful Wormword and Rosemary of each one pugil boyl all these in a sufficient quantity of Goats Milk while it is yet warm until a fourth part thereof be consumed Afterward let there be dropt thereinto two of three spoonfuls of Elder Vinegar and when the Milk is Curdled the thin and cleer Whey may be taken in the morning either alone or which is better with the Syrup of Cichory with Rheubarb When the Body is sufficiently purged then it wil not be amiss to administer those things that provoke Sweat As Take Treacle and Mithridate of each one scruple the thickned Juyce of Fumitory half a scruple Syrup of the Juyce of Sorrel two drams dissolve them in Fumitory Water and so let them be taken in the morning and the Patient being wel covered in his Bed let him Sweat for some hours For this use and purpose Fumitory alone may be administred and so may Pimpernel Columbines and Elder But if the Scabies be stiff and stubborn and wil not yield unto the Remedies aforesaid we may then also use the Decoction of Sarsaparilla unto which notwithstanding it will not be amiss to add and therewith to mingle the Water or Syrup of Fumitory When these things have been made use of we are in the next place to betake our selves to Topicks And here we commend unto you in the first place the use of Baths as wel sweet Baths as Mineral and hot Baths among which those that proceed from Sulphur are chiefly commended the continual use whereof notwithstanding since that it doth extreamly dry for this reason it is somtimes requisite and convenient in a dry Scabies by turns to make use of the sweet and Sulphury Baths so that the Patient make use of the sweet Baths twice and four times of the other to wit the Sulphury For by the only use of such Baths and Whey alone even the most contumacious Scabies is oftentimes cured But seeing that those mineral Baths are not every where to be found we may therefore â—ubstitute and appoint others in stead of them that have a faculty and power to digest and cleanse and to open throughly cleanse and purge the Pores or the Skin which if they be mingled together with those things that cool and mitigate the pain and itching you have then a most excellent and soveraign Remedy As Take Alum one ounce and half Sulphur two ounces Nitre one ounce Salt a handful Make hereof a Powder which may be cast into a Kettle full of warm water Or Take Common Salt half a pound Alum three ounces Vitriol four ounces Tartar and Nitre of each two ounces let them be throughly bruised and then cast into the Bath In the Bath there may likewise be boyled Mallows Fumitory Scabious Mugwort Beets the Root of sour Sorrel and a Bag hung therein filled with Bean meal and Bran. There may likewise this following Bath
afterwards to be evacuated by those Medicaments that purge forth flegm such as are Agarick Mechoacan Turbith Colocynthis and the like Avicén maketh use likewise of Vomitories and Diureticks that is those Medicaments that cause and provoke Urine And then in the close and conclusion we are to administer Treacle to consume and waste the cold crude humors Before Topicks may be applied in Leuce the place is first of al to be wel rubbed with course rough cloaths that so the Medicaments may the better penetrate Let the Topicks be so ordained and appointed that they may cleanse discuss and draw the blood unto the affected part such as are those that make red the place which are very fit and proper in Alphus but those that are stronger and blisterers and as it were Causticks are required in Leuce Those Medicaments that cleanse are Lupines the seed of the bitter Vetch Orobus Gentian Root Beans Figs bitter Almonds the Asphodel or Daffadil Root Alyssum or Madworâ— Nightshade Sulphur Pellitory wild Cucumber Root and Briony Root Those things that attract and draw the blood rubefie or make red the part and that likewise excite and raise Blisters are Mustard seed the Herb Rocket seed Thlaspy or Treacle Mustard seed Nitre Euphorbium Cantharides the Root of Water Dragon and other such like that we havâ— elswhere mencioned and explained From these there are divers Compositions to be made and formed As Take Root of the sowr Sorrel wild Cucumber of each one ounce the greater Celandine and Fumitory of each one handful boyl them in Water and a third part of Vinegar and then let the place be washed with the Decoction and afterward anointed all over with this Vnguent Viz. Take the Juyce of the greater Celandine sowr Sorrel Fumitory and Scabious of each one ounce and half Mustard seed one ounce the fat of a Hen as much as will suffice and make an Vnguent Vesicatories or Blisterers either of Mustard or of the Flyes Cantharides or such like in Alphus are to be held and kept at least so long in the part affected until there be sensibly perceived a certain kind of stinging and biting but in Leuce so long until that the Scarf-skin be parted asunder and that Blisters be excited and raised In the black Alphus let the place the Patient being in a bath be anointed over with the Pouder of Mustard seed mingled with Water and made up into the form of a Pultiss and let it be so long there detained until there be felt and perceived a certain mordication or biting or else let the Pouder of Mustard seed mingled with Sope be somwhat dissolved in Water and so spread and anointed upon the part Or Take White Sope one pound slice it and let it be so dried that it may be reduced and made into a Pouder Then add thereto Bean-flour the meal or flour of Lupines of each three ounces Mustard seed one ounce the Crumb of white Bread one ounce and half let them be mingled well together with the Juyce of sowr Sorrel But in the first place it is mainly requisite that the Patiens be careful in his Diet that so the fault of the blood may be corrected and amended He must for this purpose feed upon meats that afford a good juyce and he ought carefully to abstain from al sorts of salt meats meats that are smoak-dried and meats that are acid thick viscous or clammy The place affected is dayly every moâ—ning to be wel chafed and rubbed either with a rough course Linen cloth or else with the hands bring first al over wet with the Oyl of bitter Almonds Chap. 30. of the Tumors Impetigo and Lichen WE have already told you above in the 28. Chapter That Celsus his Impetigo is nothing else but the Lepra of the Greeks But now the Impetigo of Pliny and that we likewise meet with in divers others of the Latins and of which it is our putpose here in this Chapter to treat is the same that the Greeks cal Lichen Mentagra Unto these Lichens there likewise belongeth that that Pliny calleth Mentagra touching which he thus writeth in his 26. Book and Chap. 1. Even the very face of men saith he is now sensible of Diseases that are altogether new and in al former ages unknown not only in Italy but likewise throughout almost all Europe Neither is it in all parts of Italy that these Diseases run up and down neither throughout Illyria or France or Spain as here at Rome and the parts adjacent where they most especially prevail and spread themselves being the truth is altogether void of pain and having in them no danger at all of death but then they are so foul and filthy and they so defile the face that any kind of death is to be preferred before this impure Affect The worst and most grievous sort of these they cal Lichenes by their Greek name but in Latine in regard that the said Affect arose especially from the Chin they first of all only in a jesting and sporting manner as too many there are that are Naturally apt and forward to make themselves merry with the miseries of others but soon after they commonly and as by a generally received name cal it Mentagra because of its rise at I said before principally from the Chin sezing upon and in many places overspreading as it were the whol Countenance the eyes alone being free and thence descending both into the Neck the Breast and the Hands together with a filthy kind of bran that it causeth unto the Skin This Plague if I may so cal it was altogether unknown unto our Ancestors and our Fathers before us were never sensible thereof And it first of all crept into Italy about the middle of the Reign of Tiberius Claudius Caesar one Perasinus a Knight of Rome and being then Quaestor haâ—â—◠〈◊〉 in Asia and thence bringing along with him the contagion thereof Neither were he Women only sensible of this Malady or the Bond slaves or the mean Plebeians or the middle rank of Citizens but even the Nobles themselves catcht it by the swift and secret conveyance of a Kiss and in many of them those especially that had submitted themselves unto the Cure that was then practised the Cicatrice was more foul deformed and unsightly than the Disease it self For they were cured by Causticks that so the body might not be burnt even to the very bone where the Malady proved rebellious and refractory And out of Egypt from whence it first sprang there came hither unto us such Physitians as undertook the curing of such Diseases and the pains they took in the Curing of this one only Malady was very advantagious and gainful unto them For certain it is that Mâ—nilius Torquatus one of the Praetorian Order when he was sent Embassador into the Province of Aquitain gave two hundred Sexterces for his being cured of this same Disease Thus Pliny There are some indeed than reprehend and blame Pliny and that
may throughly purge it Of such like Potions Tragaultius hath described two the former whereof is this Take Agrimony three parts Plantane two parts Olive Leaves one part Cut them smal and bruise them wel and then boyl them in white Wine let the sick Person drink hereof a small Cup full three or four ounces every day Or Take Osmund or Water-Fern three parts Gentian two parts Centaury one part boyl them in the same manner as aforesaid in white Wine which Potion expelleth and driveth forth likewise Bones that are corrupted Others there are that commend this Potion Take Sanicle i. e. Bears Ears or French Couslips Mugwort Speedwel Saracen Consound Winter-green of each one ounce Savine one ounce and half Hors-tail half an ounce boyl them in white Wine and make a Potion which if we wil at any time make stronger and more operative we may then in the drinkng of it unto each Dose add and mingle therewith half a scruple of Oculus Cancri or the Crabs Eye prepared For Savine and Crabs Eyes are of singular use and benefit in the expelling and driving forth of corrupted Bones Pus putrified Veins and the like Or Take Saracen Consound Sanicle Speedwel of each one ounce Tormentil Root half an ounce Avens and Carduus Benedictus of each an ounce and an half boyl them in Wine Afterward before any thing else be done we must do the utmost of our endeavor that the callous hardness and brawnishness may be removed But now whenas the narrowness of the orifice of the Fistula doth for the most part hinder the application of those Medicaments that are to be administred for the removal of the callous hardness it is therefore to be dilated which may be done either by fire or by an Iron Instrument or else more commodiously and without pain likewise by long sharp tents that are made of Sea-Spunge the pithy substance of the Elder-tree the Roots of Gentian Aristolochy Briony or even likewise of the wild Rape throughly dried For these things being formed into a Pyramidal figure and put into the Fistula the sharp-pointed end downward they soak up the humidity of the Fistula and by this means they are rendered the thicker and so by little and little they dilate and widen the orifice without any pain at al. Which things are somtimes likewise soaked and anointed over with such Medicaments as are in their own nature fit to take away the callous hardness when the callus hindereth the dilatation For there ariseth a callousness especially in the external orifice of the Fistula to wit in the very skin it self it being such as easily becometh hard and such as is made thicker than the flesh that is softer and easily receiveth in the excrements and the humors that flow thereunto Yet nevertheless the very flesh it self somtimes likewise getteth a callous hardness in the cavity of the Fistula The callousness that is in the orifice of the Fistula is sufficiently apparent both unto the touch and to the sight But now whether there be any callousness likewise in the Sinus it self this may be discovered by the searching Instrument For when the Instrument is put into it there is then perceived very little or no pain and there is no blood at al issueth forth but there is a certain hardness perceived if a Callus be present Which if it be absent then there is a great pain excited the blood floweth forth and there is no hardness at all perceived But now wheresoever this Callus is it is to be removed which is done either by Medicaments or by Cutting or by the Fire But then likewise Medicaments are to be administred somtimes such as are mild and moderate and such are Emollients and Digestives and somtimes again those that are stronger and such are Detersives or Cleansers and lastly now and then also the strongest sort of al and such are Causticks In those that are but young and in their youthful age and that have their flesh soft and tender here Emollients and Digestives only are sufficient which do dissipate the said Callus and the matter that is impacted and stuffed into the part that constituteth and causeth the Callus unto which we may likewise if there be occasion add and mingle therewithal some of the Abstersive and Cleansing Remedies And such are the ashes of Figs mingled with the fat of a Goose the Decoction of Fern Root of Agrimony of Olive leaves the great Diachylon and the Unguent Apostolorum But for the most part there wil be need of the stronger and more forcible Remedies which by cleansing or likewise by burning do waste and consume the aforesaid Callus The stronger sort of Medicaments are the Root of Spondylima we usually cal it Cow-parsnep or Meadow-parsnep peeled and pared round about Asphodel Root Snakeweed Briony the Decoction of Lupines and especially above al the lesser Centaury There are some likewise that make use of the Root of black Hellebor and this they put for three daies into the Fistula But Antonius Chalmeteus pre-admonisheth us touching this Root and he tels us that it is a very unsafe and dangerous Remedy and especially if the Fistula be in any part of the Thorax or Chest For when on a time he himself as he saith had once and but once filled with Hellebor a Fistula that was in the Spina Dorsi neer unto the Region of the Heart the sick person very often fel into fainting and swounding fits Those things that are yet stronger are the Aegyptiack Unguent Vitriol burnt Vitriol precipitate the Oyl of Sulphur Trochisques of Minium Chalcitis and that which by the Apothecaries is called Misy and Sory out of which there may be made Compositions for the present use Celsus in his fifth Book writeth that this following is found by good trial and experience to be of singular use and Paulus Aegineta doth the like also in his fourth Book and Chap. 49. in which place we may see more hereof Take of the Rust and soil of Brass twelve drams Ammoniacum two drams Let the Ammoniacum be dissolved in Vinegar and the aforesaid Soil of Brass therewith mingled Or Take strong Ley four ounces the Decoction of Lupines one ounce Honey of Roses strained one ounce and half Allum half an ounce and mingle them If we mind to add any further virtue and strength thereto to make it the more operative we may then add half a dram of Precipitate Mercury Or Take the best Wine Vinegar three parts of the oldest Oyl two parts Litharge one part let the Litharge be bruised in a Mortar with Vinegar and afterward let them boyl al together until they have gotten both the color and consistence of Pitch of which we are then to form long sharp Tents for the present purpose Or Take Litharge half a pound boyl it in Vinegar and Rose water and then strain and filtrate it Afterward Take Calcined Tartar as much as wil suffice dissolve it in destilled Vinegar Mingle the Waters and make
Medicament either the Tents may be dipped in it or else it may in some other manner be administred unto the Fistula There is extant in St. Augustines 22. Book of the City of God and Chap. 8. a most miraculous Cure and such as is wel worth the reading of a Fistula by devout Prayers Chap. 11. Of an Ulcer with Vermine or Worms breeding therein ANd somtimes likewise Worms are generated in Ulcers But now what the cause is of the breeding of these Worms we have already told you in the second Book of our Institutions Chap. 9. and in the third Book of our Practice Part 2. Sect. 1. Chap. 5. What was there spoken hath here place likewise for Worms are generated in Ulcers that are sordid and foul and which were not cleansed as they ought to have been neither purged from their Pus and Sanies and this especially if it be in the Summer time and the Air being hot and moist Signs Diagnostick If the Ulcer be open then the Worms appear unto the sight but if by reason of the streightness and narrowness of the Ulcer the Worms cannot be seen they may yet be known by other signs by a certain biting both of pricking and pain and by the sense of motion And there is most commonly likewise a certain stink perceived in those Ulcers The Cure The whol business and substance of the Cure consisteth in this to wit that the Worms be taken away and the putridness of the Ulcer be hindered and prevented If therefore the Worms lie open and may be discerned they are then to be drawn forth with Instruments sitted for the same purpose but if they lie hid or stick so close and fast unto the part that they cannot be drawn forth they are then to be killed with Medicaments that may likewise withal take away the putridness and the overgreat humidity of the part and this is done by Medicaments made of Wormwood Horehound Dittany Fern Scordium or Water Germander Featherfew Centaury the less the Leaves of Peaches Lupines Gentian the Gall of a Bull Aloes and Myrth As Take Wormwood Centaury the less Horehound of each half a handful boyl them in ordinary Spring Water and strain them Take of the straining half a pint Honey two ounces Aloes two drams Mingle them c. Or Take Gentian Root half an ounce white Hellebore two drams Dittany of Candy Wormwood Centaury the less of each half a handful boyl them in a sufficient quantity of Water then take of the straining six ounces the Elixir of Propriety two drams Mingle c. Or Take Vnslaked Lime a sufficient quantity extinguish it with Wine Vinegar and afterward let it be stirred wel about with Oyl of Roses that so a Cataplasm may be made hereof Or Take Aloes two drams Myrrh poudered one dram the meal of Lupines two drams Bulls Gall half an ounce Flour of Brass one dram Honey as much as wil suffice and make a Liniment Or Take Meal or flour of Lupines three drams Elixir propriet two drams Buls Gal three drams Honey a sufficient quantity and make hereof a Liniment Chap. 12. Of a Varicose Ulcer TOuching Varices we have indeed spoken above in the first part Chap. 44. yet notwithstanding it somtimes so happeneth that an Ulcer may be joyned with and accompany these Varices and this Ulcer they cal a varicose Ulcer Which Malady is easily known from the signs of a Varix and from Ulcers Now this varicose Ulcer cannot be healed unless the Varices be first of all healed as Galen teacheth us in his fourth Book of the Method of Physick Chap. 2. And therefore whensoever at any time we are minded to take in hand the Cure of such an Ulcer in the first place the Cure must be directed unto and look toward the said Varices which how it may be accomplished we have told you in the place before alleadged Now there is extant in Gulielmus Fabricius his fourth Century and Observat 85. a History of this varicose Ulcer how it was cured the History he relateth in these very words In the yeer 1589. saith he when I returned home unto my Fathers House out of France I was called unto a certain Patient here in the Neighborhood The History of a monstrous Vlcer a man about fourty yeers old very strong and able of Body and of the best Constitution Adolphus auff dem Bruch by name This man was sorely troubled with a malignant and inveterate Vlcer in his left Leg together with a Varix of an extraordinary great bigness for it was as thick as my Arm neer unto the Hand-wrist and almost a span long But it began in his Ham and thence descending downward toward the Feet it fetcht a ring and made two circumvolutions But it was notable to observe that so soon as ever he lifted up his Leg on high the blood immediately retired but the Leg being set again upon the ground the blood again descendeth and that in a very moment and that I may tel you in a word the blood ebbed and flowed no otherwise then as if in some hollow Pipe or Conduit it had been cast first into this and then into that part thereof Moreover it being so that varicose Vlcers can by no means be consolidated unless the Varix be first cut forth I therefore thus set upon the Cure Having appointed my Patient a good and wholsom Course of Dyet and now and then also throughly purging his Body and opening the Arm-Vein of the same side and putting the sick Person upon a Bench I then easily and gently separated the Skin in the Ham from the Vein it self And then with a Thread twice doubled which I conveyed in by a Needle that I crooked on purpose I laid hold on the Varix and in the lower part of the Varix I proceeded in the very same manner But before ever I would draw the Thread close and tie the knot I commanded that his Leg should be again set upon the ground from off the Bench and this I did to this end that the blood might in manner as aforesaid flow downward for I much feared lest that the Blood by reason of its ebbing and flowing being made very thin and subtile should here cause some inconvenience or other c. See what further followeth in this History in the first part of this fifth Book Chap. 44. in the Conclusion of the said Chapter in which we treat of Varices Chap. 13. Of an Ulcer with the rottenness of a Bone IT happeneth likewise somtimes that a rotten and corrupted bone lieth under the Ulcer Now Bones are corrupted and contract a rottenness either from internal Causes to wit the long afflux of the excrementious humors unto the bones or else the venomous quality and acrimony of the Sanies or else by some hidden propriety like as it often happeneth in the French Disease that the very bones become rotten the Skin in the mean time remaining whol and sound The external causes are
somwhat weak in its motion and the above mentioned causes went before What to be done for the breeding of a greater Callus But now that there may be generated a greater Callus we are to allow unto the sick person a full dyet and meats that breed a thick and viscid Juice the swathes are likewise to be loosened and the part to be plyed with warm water untill it appear to be very red For in this manner there is drawn unto the part affected a greater store of blood that so there may be supplyed a more plentiful matter for the generating of the Callus There are likewise Medicaments to be imposed Dropacisms as they call them that are moderately heating and attracting a more plentiful Aliment unto the place affected There is likewise to be administred one dram of the Stone Osteocolla with the Water of the greater Comfry ground smal upon a Marble in Prisan flesh broth or Wine which hath a singular virtue to generate the Callus as by examples Guilhelmus Fabricius proveth in his First Century and Ninetyeth Observation The Callus bigger then it justly should be But then somtimes on the contrary the Callus is generated bigger then what justly it should be which proceedeth from the over-abundant afflux of the Aliment especially when it is too thick as also by the giving of the Osteocolla Stone hand over head which although it hath indeed a notable virtue in generating the Callus yet Nevertheless it is more sutable and convenient for aged persons and such as are of riper years then for such as are very young For if it be administred unto these there is then generated a Callus greater then what justly it should be as by an Example Guilhelm Fabricius teacheth us in the place before alleadged Signs thereof Now this Callus is known by the very touch by which it is easily discovered as also by the pain which ariseth from the Compression of the Muscles and the Nervous parts whereupon the part also is rendered unfit for motion and especially if the fracture be made neer unto the Joynt The Callus how it is to be made less Now the Callus if it be over-great is diminished and made less by discussive and digestive Medicaments as by frictions of Sâ—â— Nitre and Oyl and by a perfusion and fomentation made of Salt water or a decoction of the Leaves of Beets Mallows Pellitory of the wal Sage flowers of Camomile and of Melilote or else a Cataplasm made of these is to be layd on Or else let the part be anoynted with this Unguent Viz. Take Goose fat Bears fat Mans fat of each two ounces Juice of Earth-worms one ounce Ammoniacum a dram and mingle them But yet if the Callus be harder then ordinary then let Emollients be added unto Digestives and before the application of Cataplasms let the place affected be fomented with some Decoction As Take Roots of Marshmallows one ounce Roots of white Lilyes and Bryony of each half an ounce Flowers of Marshmallows and Mallows of each one handful Camomil and Melilote of each half a handful Linseed and Fenugreek of each half an ounce boyl them for a fomentation and of the mass make a Cataplasm But let these fomentations be used not only until the part wax red and begin to swel but that also the part may again fal and become lank and wrinkled Let this Dyet be very sparing neither let him eat much food that yieldeth a thick and clammy Juice Guilhelmus Fabricius in his 1 Century and Observat 21. maketh use of these Medicaments for one whose Callus was grown too great by the use of the Stone Osteocolla First of all he twice a day fomented the Callus with the following Emollient Decoction Take the Roots and Leaves of Marsh-Mallows Bryony white Lillies Bears Breech Flowers of Camomile and Melilote of each one handful Common Worm-wood and Red Roses of each one ounce boyl them in Vinegar one part and Water four parts unto the Consumption of the third part After this he anointed the Callus with the following Unguent Take Mans fat Bears fat and Goose fat of each two ounces the Juyce of Earth-worms and Vinegar of Squils of each one ounce Mingle and make an Vnguent After the Inunction he applied the following Emplaster spread upon Leather Take the Emplaster of Frogs with Mercury and of the Mucilage of each one ounce and mingle them In this manner he proceeded for six daies until he saw that the Callus was not only much mollified but also most manifestly diminished And afterwards instead of the Plaister he fitted unto it a Leaden Plate and with a Swathe he bound it fast and firmly upon the Callus And by the use of the Remedies and the blessing of God upon them the Callus was softened Resolved Extenuated and Depressed and the sick person restored again unto his former health Chap. 7. Of the Slenderness and Weakness of the Member ANd furthermore it happeneth oftentimes that after a Fracture the Member remaineth slender and weak which is caused either through the scarcity of the Aliment whiles that by the long and various bindings of the Swathes the Veins carrying the Aliment unto the part are streightened and welnigh closed up or else when the sick person hath not food enough allowed him to Eat and Drink and that likewise which maketh very much hereunto is a long continued rest of the Member and its Cessation from Motion And therefore we must by all means endeavour that a more plentiful Aliment may be attracted unto the part And therefore as much as is fit the Member is to be moved and reduced unto its wonted and accustomed motions and to be fomented with Decoctions that only attract the Aliment unto the part affected and do not any waies scatter it And Dropacisms are here likewise of singular use Or Take Oyl of Costus and of Camomile For broken bones that grow not together as formerly of each half an ounce Oyl of Castor and the Martiat Vnguent and Mans fat of each one ounce and mingle them And somtimes also it happeneth especially in aged persons that the broken bones will not be brought to grow together again of which thing Guilhelm Fabricius in his 1 Cent. Observat 92. hath a History The very like whereunto there happened here of late in a very learned man who is yet living This man was in the very same case with the other mentioned and described by Guilhel Fabricius For he can indeed write with his right Hand but if at any time he desire to list up his whole right Arm which he had broken either forward or backward he then needeth the assistance and support of his left Hand Now this cometh to pass if the bones after they be set be not kept in their places steady and unmoved and this likewise was the cause of what happened unto that learned person we but even now mentioned For he being very Fleshy and
Tetrapharmacum that is made up of four Remedies viz. Wax Râ—zin Pitch and Fat. In Bodies that are soft and loose the fat of Swine but in bodies more compact Bulls fat is most approved for use For this is carefully to be needed in Maâ—uratives i. e. Ripening Medicaments that they ought to have in them the neerest resemblance that possibly may be unto the nature of that body whereunto they are applied And therefore in Children Women and generally in al bodies that are softer than ordinary the moister kind of Remedies take place and on the other hand in bodies more hard and close Remedies of the moister sort are required And this in like manner is to be understood touching the Nature of a tumor or swelling As to instance in Inflammations such Remedies as moderately heat and moisten provided alwaies as I said that they be temperate are used with the best success And yet notwithstanding because that in some other Tumors naturally more cold there is a maturation though more slow and the matter of them being thicker than ordinary if it be not converted into a laudable Pus or Quitrier yet it is turned into a matter neer of kin thereunto and the heat of the part although it be greatly furthered and carried on by temperate Maturatives yet can it not ripen the cold matter upon these abovesaid considerations Medicaments that are experienced to be somthing hotter are to be added unto the former The same is likewise to be observed in parts naturally cold as also in old age And hence it is that of such Remedies which ripen the crude matter in Tumors we constitute two kinds The Diffeferences of Maturatives Of the former sort are all those that are moderately hot and clammy which are of use in hot Tumors and these are properly such as are said to further and hasten Maturation of which sort are those before recited Hydrelaeum sweet Oyl Wheaten Meal and Flour Milk the Pith of white Bread the Fat of Swine fresh Butter Wax mingled with a double quantity of Oyl Mallows and Marsh-mallows decocted with Oyl the Mucilage of Linseed of Fenugreek of Mallows and of Marsh-mallows If any desire a Composition let him make such an one as this that followeth Take of the pouder of the Root of Marsh-mallows the Leaves of Mallows of each one ounce of Wheat flour an ounce and half of the seed of Fenugreek and Linseed of each half an ounce of Saffron half a dram boyl them in the Decoction of dried Figs or in Milk add hereunto of the Fat of Swine and the Vnguent Dialthea of each one ounce and make herewith a Cataplasm Of the second sort are such as are somwhat hotter which are to be used in cold Tumors and in colder Natures because there the parts likewise are colder and such are Turpentine the Gum of the Fir-tree the Larix-Tree and the Pine-tree dried Figs Raisons Fenugreek seed Lineseed Onions roasted under embers Leaven Oyl of Chamomil and Oyl of white Lillies the Fat of an old Hen old Butter Bdellium Galbanum and Ammoniacum Out of which such a like Cataplasm as this may be made Take of the pouder of the Roots of Marsh-mallows Wheat flour Linseed Fenugreek seed dry figs pounded to a Mash of each two ounces of Leaven half an ounce of the pouder of Chamomile flowers two drams let them boyl in a sufficient quantity of Water then add thereunto of the Fat of an old Hen and Oyl of Camomile of each an ounce and half and so make up a Cataplasm Or Take the Leaves of Marsh-mallows the roots of white Lillies Holy-hock Roots of each an ounce and an half Onions one ounce boyl them to a softness then mash them and pass them through a hair sieve Ad hereto of Wheaten flour Linseed Leaven of each one ounce Turpentine half an ounce of Saffron half a dram Oyl of Camomile and Hens fat of each a sufficient quantity and so make a Cataplasm The most usual are the Emplaster of Melilot and Diachylon magnum with Gums When as the corrupt stinking matter is arrived at its ful ripeness The Evacuation of stinking and corrupt matter or the matter of the Tumor is changed into an humor resembling this Pus so often mentioned it is then to be evacuated and cast out of the Body the which since it may be effected in a twofold manner either sensibly or by an insensible digestion the best course were more especially in the face lest that a Cicatrix or scar should ensue and remain upon the opening of the Tumor impostumated to discuss and scatter abroad the matter by an insensible transpiration for which very purpose certain Medicaments are described by Galen in his sixth Book of the composition of Medicines of the second rank the 14 15 and 16. chapters and there you may see them But it is not often that this happens and when it doth there is cause to fear lest that if there be great store of corrupt matter some part thereof should be left remaining and hardened or that if the filth aforesaid be acrimonious and corroding that then it may be rendered more sharp by delay and the application of Remedies that are hot and so by this means the part affected as also the parts neeâ— adjoyning should be greatly hurt and injured and therefore for the most part the safest way is to open the Apostem if it chance not in a convenient time to be opened of its own accord The opening of Apostems Now then an Impostume is to be opened in the highest and most eminent place where the skin usually is at the thinnest but then notwithstanding the incision must be in that place of the part affected which is most sloping that so the passage forth of the corruption may be rendered the more facile and easie Now the opening thereof is effected either by some Caustick Medicament or else by the help of an Iâ—on incision knife But most an end the safest way is to open the impostume with an Iron Instrument rather than by a Caustick Medicament For Medicines most commonly protract and delay the Cure excite and cause both heat and pain in the part whereupon it happeneth that the temper and constitution of the part which was before much weakened by the Disease becomes now wholly subverted and from hence dangerous symptoms do frequently shew themselves Now and then notwithstanding as for instance in the watery Tumor of the Testicles when with the Iron we cannot easily penetrate unto the bottom of the place wherein the vitious matter is contained we ought to use a potential Cautery For the way being once opened by a potential Cautery may afterward be dilated as much as we see cause for that so the Instrument may the better pierce the part and reach even unto the deepest place and bottom thereof The said operation with an Iron is effected whenas the opening is made by an Iron Instrument made red hot How many waies a
more deep or broad or in their figure that one should be straight and another full of turnings of this or that figure but most especially they differ in the manner of their scituation and position because that kind of difference doth not a little vary the Cure For that which tends upwards affords us a better hope and surer expectation of cure seeing that by its orifice the Pus may the more readily flow forth and be evacuated But that which tendeth downwards doth longer retein the said Pus which being kept in doth further corrupt and corrode the parts Wherefore such a Sinus is not to be cured unless you open it on the adverse or opposite part that so the Pus may freely come forth out of it Now that the Physitian may not be ignorant of these Differences but that he may know and well understand whither the Sinus reacheth and how great it is an exact and strict search must be made thereinto by Tents or otherwise with those Silver Instruments we cal them Probes wherewith Chirurgeons are wont to search unto the bottom of deep Wounds as likewise by Wax Candles or the like gently conveyed down into the very deepest part of the Sinus And withall we must do our utmost endeavor that the Sinus may be speedily cured for unless it be spedily cured it contracts to it self a certain callous or brawny superficies and in process of time it becomes exceeding hard neither will it afterward be cured without much difficulty and danger Notwithstanding what hopes there may be the qualities of the part it self that is affected do evidently demonstrate and chiefly the matter which flows forth out of the Sinus For if it be much not digested if there be pain sensibly felt in the Sinus or if a Tumor or Swelling appear as yet there is but small hopes of its Cure but then if the Pus be but little in quantity if it be good white if there be present no pain and all the whole place be equal it is a great and strong Argument that the Sinus is already filled with Flesh The Cure As for what concerns the Cure since that hollowness solution of Unity are the Causes of the Sinus the solution of Unity points us out to the procurement of an uniting but the Cavity instructs us that repletion ought to be endeavored But now those things that stand at a distance cannot be united unless first that which is hollow be filled up whereupon the Cavity must in the first place be replenished But the Cavity can by no means be filled with flesh unless the temper of the part be right as it ought and that the said Sinus be free and clean from al its impurities And therefore we must primarily provide by a sedulous endeavor that if there be any distemper present it may be removed and that the Sinus may be wel and throughly purged And moreover unless that either the Orifice of the said Sinus look downward or that the Member may be so placed that the matter may freely flow out of it before any thing else be done a way must be opened and a passage forth made for the Pus or filthy corruption If the Orifice of the Impostume lie open toward the inferior parts the filth hath then a free passage forth and such a like Sinus by the application of Cleansers is easily cured But then if the Orifice be in the superior place there is a necessity that we forthwith assay to open a free vent and passage forth for the corruption And this may be done in a twofold manner either by dissecting the whol Cavity or at least by opening the Orifice in the inferior part Now of a truth it is the more convenient of the two that we open al the whol Sinus since that by so doing the Ulcer may the more easily be purged and healed But because we are not evermore allowed to put this in practice to wit when the Sinus is great and that the whol part may not be dissected without danger therefore sometimes we only â—pâ—n the Sinus in the bottom thereof Which being done and the Sinus opened it is carefully and throughly to be cleansed and dried lest that there be any of the Pus left remaining For if there be any of it left behind from thence Fistula's and recidivations oâ— Relapses are wont to take their Original And although the parts may seem to be conglutinated yet notwithstanding they do not rightly cohere or stick together but afterwards they do again part asunder But now to the furthering of the evacuation of the said Pus the use of Swathbands Pillows doth very much conduce if with them we streightly compress and strictly keep down the part affected from the higher part of the Sinus towards its Orifice Now the Medicaments fitted for this use and purpose are the Water of the Decoction of Barley Melicrate that is Water and Honey sodden together which is of it self sufficiently purgative so that alone it is able to render that Sinus whose orifice is in the inferior place apt and fit for glutination or cementing together Mulsum that is Wine and Honey sodden together which both corroborate and together withal purgeth Rozin Turpentine Honey of Roses Barley meal Bean meal the flour of Orobus or bitter Vetch of Lupines Lee Spirit of Wine Bath-Water Allum Water Oxymel Unguent Aegyptiack which are the stronger sort of them and to be administred only or at least chiefly in the most impure and nasty Ulcers Out of those before mentioned divers others may be made and compounded As for example Take Honey of Roses strained six drams Barley meal a sufficient quantity to give it a thick Body Or Take Honey of Roses strained six drams cleer Turpentine one ounce the juyce of Smallage and Wormwood of each half an ounce let them boyl together and afterward add of Bean Barley and Lupine Meal of each alike as much at will suffice and then mingle them throughly But when as now and then it happens the Sinus are manifold or otherwise when they are of an extraordinary depth so that to open them is altogether impossible neither also can the Unguents possibly penetrate throughout their whol Cavity then in this case especially liquid abstersives are chiefly approved of as such which can insinuate and convey themselves into al parts of the Sinus And such kind of Medicaments ought to be injected by a Tunnel or by a pipe and so soon as the Medicament is cast in the Orifice ought somtimes to be stopt up with a Linnen cloth or Napkin or else with a piece of Silk to prevent the immediate flowing back again of the Medicament As Take of whol Barley three pugils or smal bandfuls Centaury the lesser and Wormwood of each alike two pugils boyl them in Melicrate and make an injection Or Take of the Water of decocted Barley Melicrate of each two ounces Vnguent Aegyptiack half an ounce mingle and inject them And thereupon if by
and which albeit it waxeth not red is yet notwithstanding otherwise of a changed color this Phygethlon I say is of the better sort and there is little of danger in it Thus Celsus in his fifth Book Chap. 28. 2. That Panus which ariseth from an Ulcer Pain stroke or from any external cause is altogether void of danger But that which follows upon Feavers like as it is especially wont to fall out in a Pestilential and contagious season or else proceeds from Swellings either under the Arm-pits or in the Neck is the worst and most dangerous species of this Tumor And so Paulus Aegineta in his fourth Book Chap. 22. The Cure If a Phygethlon shal happen to arise from an Ulcer pain contusion or stripes or from any other Procatarctick cause then like as in other Inflammations its increment and growthâ—s to be impeded by coolers and Repellers But if it be in Feavers or that otherwise it be excited from some internal provision and storing up of Humors then in this case Repellers have not any place allowed them neither are they at al to be made use of but those Medicaments that discuss and resolve are alone to be administred and if the matter have any thing of hardness in it then softeners are therewithal to be added such as are Marsh-mallows common Mallows Orach Chickweed Parietary dried Figs Ammoniack But if the matter cannot be discussed then we ought to use our utmost endeavor that it may be maturated i. e. brought to a ripeness and turned into Pus by the application of those Medicaments that have hitherunto been propounded And at length unless it be opened of its own accord the Impostume is otherwise to be broken and opened Chap. 12. Of the Tumor Parotis UNto the Inflammations of the Glandules appertaineth likewise Parotis a Tumor so called from the Greek words Para and otos because its scituation is nigh unto the Ears Hippocrates in the sixth of his Epidemicks Comment fifth Title first and elswhere terms these Tumors Eparmata For a Parotis is an Inflammation of the Glandules neer unto the Ears The Causes Whereas then that a Parotis is an Inflammation it must necessarily follow that the neerest and containing cause thereof is the blood But this blood notwithstanding is very seldom pure but most an end Choler Phlegm or Melancholy yea oftentimes also there are malignant and pestilential humors therewith mingled from whence it is that there are malignant and pestilent Parotides proceeding therefrom And it is a most rare thing that blood that is faulty in nothing but that there is too great store thereof should stir up and provoke Nature so far forth that it should attempt such a kind of excretion or separation but it happeneth from the vitious and depraved Humors by which Nature being irritated and stirred up is wont to thrust forth unto the external parts such like Humors together with the blood For like as in critical bleedings which Physitians usually term Haemorrhages it is not the blood alone that is principally faulty and peccant but likewise the vitious humors the which when that Nature cannot easily expel without the blood she thereupon assays and institutes this Excretion or as we commonly term it separation of the blood and this she doth in such a manner to the end that she may avert and turn away the vitious humors from the principal unto the more ignoble parts that she makes use of the blood like as of a Vehicle or Conduit pipe Now these humors are transmitted and sent either from the whol body or at least from the Brain And in good truth we have discovered that these kind of Tumors which we cal Parotides may not only happen from vitious Humors bred in the body but also from poysons that shal by any accident be drunk or taken into the body as for instance I remember the like done here at Wittenberg For a certain Servant Maid when she was to boyl fish unwillingly drawing water out of Vessels into which a Bat or Dormouse had accidentally fallen and was therein suffocated and choâ—ked by the water and boyling the fish therein there were if my memory fail me not ten Students that together with their Hostess fel sick and some of them died And for those of them that recovered in two of them at least even these Parotides brake forth behind the Ears The Differences The principal Differences of these Parotides are taken from the matter and from the manner of their Generation From the matter because that the blood which exciteth the Parotis is either Cholerick or Phlegmatick or Melancholick or in regard also that it hath malignant and pestilent humors mingled together with them From the manner of their beginning or generation in regard that some of them have their original without Feavers or as Celsus speaks in his sixth Book and Chap. 16. some of them in good and perfect health Nature thrusting forth unto those places some certain vitious humors either from out the whol body in general or else more particularly and principally from the head but then others of them appear upon Feavers and those again such as are either long or acute and lastly such as are either benign and inoffensive or otherwise malignant and pestilential And this happeneth in the state or declination thereof Nature by the Crisis driving forth the digested humor the cause of the Feaver unto these more ignoble places or else they arise symptomatically in the very beginning or augmentation of Feavers Signs Diagnostick These Parotides are known from the place affected from the swelling the pain and for the most part from the redness that appeareth behind the Ears But then what kind of Humor it is that is mingled with the blood is known out of the several signs of the Humors that have been elswhere propounded If there be present a malignant or pestilential humor then there is evermore conjoyned therewith a Feaver of the like Nature If it be only transmitted from the Head then there are not present any signs of a Cacochymy throughout the whol body and there went before a pain of the head the which upon the breaking forth of the Parotis either altogether vanisheth or at least is in great part diminished Now whether the eruption or breaking forth of it be critical or symptomatical the time of the Disease and the signs of the Crisis whether they be present or absent wil sufficiently instruct us Prognosticks 1. These Parotides that have their being without a Feaver are less malignant and have less of danger in them than those that have a Feaver to accompany them 2. They also are less dangerous which follow upon Feavers of a long duration than those that ensue upon acute Feavers and especially if they be malignant and pestilential 3. Those of them likewise that break forth critically are more safe and hopeful more easily cured and such as free the sick persons from danger But as for those of them that happen in the
there is not somthing of malignity and therefore the malignant matter is with more safety thrust forth unto the superficies of the body by those Medicaments we term Alexipharmaca then drawn to the more inward parts by Medicaments that purge That fervent heat also of the adust blood is to be altered and the malignity to be opposed by convenient Medicaments as the juyce of Citron of Pomegranates Sorrel Borrage Bugloss Water Germander Succory and the like with which in a pestilent Carbuncle other Alexipharmaca may also be firly mingled As Take Conserve of Sorrel Borrage Bugloss of each one ounce and half the species of Diamargarit frigid Confection of Hyacynth Elect. de Gem. of each half a dram of candied Citron rind six drams the candied roots of Scorzonera or Vipers Grass half an ounce with the juyce of Citron make an Electuary Unto which in a Pestilent Carbuncle we may add Bole-armenick Terra Sigillata or sealed Earth Harts horn Bezoar stone and the like Very many there be that in a Carbuncle do much commend Scabious and they conceive that it never ought to be passed by and they write that either the Juyce or the Water or the Decoction thereof is of singular use and benefit in a Carbuncle It wil not likewise be amiss to fence and guard the Heart with Topicks by Epithems that are otherwise known applied to the Region of the Heart and the Pulses that so by all manner of means the Heart may be preserved safe and sound from all the malignity Afterward as for what concerns the conjunct cause or the Tumor it self the way and means of curing a Carbuncle is not altogether the same as in other Inflammations unless haply there appear to be in it very little of an offensive quality Neither must we make use of Repellers but the malignant and poysonous matter is rather to be attracted from the more inward unto the external parts unless perhaps they may be administred for the mitigating of the vehemency of the pain touching which more hereafter And therefore so soon as Venesection hath been administred the part affected is forthwith to be scarified and that likewise with lancings that go deep enough that so the corrupt malignant and poysonous blood which unless it be instantly emptied forth of the part affected corrupteth the parts neer adjoyning may be quite drawn forth Immediately upon this the part affected is to be cleansed and throughly washed with warm salt water or with some other convenient liquor lest that the blood should clod and so grow together in the part Now if the corrupt blood seem not as yet to be sufficiently evacuated the scarifications ought then to be repeated We are likewse allowed when the place is scarified to apply thereto Cupping-glasses or Leeches Yet notwithstanding iâ— with great violence the humor flow unto the part then Atrractives may not safely enough be administred since there is cause to fear lest that the matter flowing thereto in great abundance the pain should be made the more vehement which may possibly excite and cause watchings augment the Feaver and deject the Natural vigor but rather if the matter flow thereunto over hastily and with too great force we are then to make use of those Medicaments which by moderate repressing and driving back may likewise digest And such is the following Cataplasm Take Arnogloss we commonly term it Lambs-tongue or Way-bread Lentiles Bread that is neither wholly purged from its bran neither yet such as is altogether branny of all these a like proportion let them boyl in Water or Wine and so make a Cataplasm which is to be applied twice or thrice every day But now this said Medicament that we have mentioned or such like is not to be imposed and laid upon the very Carbuncle it self but only neer about it some three fingers distance from it For by this means the malignant matter it self is not driven back but only the extream heat and pain is mitigated the flux of matter is somwhat retarded and hereby is prevented the retreating back again of the matter unto the more inward parts But yet neither must this be passed over in silence that it is not evermore requisite to fence the Carbuncle with such a guard but notwithstanding this for the most part iâ— necessary to wit That that part which hath a neer relation with a noble Member should be wel guarded forasmuch as it is no way hurtful but indeed profitable that some of the matter should be derived and evaporated unto the other ignoble parts Moreover the place being scarified there are not to be applied those Medicaments that otherwise are wont to be laid on in regard that they promote and further the Pus or purtilent matter and by this means may encrease the putrefaction and rottenness since that a Carbuncle in putrefying evermore creepeth and spreadeth so that very often a Mortification chanceth unto such parts but rather those Medicaments that are drying and such as resist putrefaction For which end and purpose we may administer the Pastils or Pomanders of Andro Musa Polyidas and Pasio which are to be dissolved first of al in Wine and then also afterward in Vinegar touching which see Galen in his Composition of Medicaments in general the fifth Book Chap. 11 and 12. They commonly likewise make use of the Aegyptiack Unguent There may also be made a Cataplasm of the Meal of the Pulse Orobus with Oxymel Morsus Diaboli or Devils-bit is likewise very much commended if while it is yet green and wel bruised it be laid on or else boyled in Wine and drunk There be many likewise that here make use of those things that are experimentally found to be helpful by the propriety of their substance among which Scabious is especially commended as also Morsus Diaboli or Devils-bit they take to wit the Scabious whilest it is green and bruise it wel and then they add thereto the Yelk of an Egg Hogs grease that is old and a little Salt and herewith they make a Cataplasm which is often to be renewed Some likewise take the Herb Comfry for the same use and with it they prepare and make such a Medicament as this that followeth Take of the Juyce of the greater Symphytum or great Comfrey Scabious Cranes-bill or Doves-foot of each one ounce of Barley Meal two ounces and an half and mingle them for a Cataplasm Others there are who if there be present an extream heat and pain commend this Viz. Take Plantane Leaves and Sorrel Leaves of each two handfuls boyl them to a softness then let them be bruised when they are throughly bruised add to them the Yelks of four Eggs Treacle two drams Barley meal a sufficient proportion and so make a Cataplasm Many likewise there are that commend those Wallnuts that are old and Oyly being bruised of the which some make such a Cataplasm as this that followeth Take the Kernels of Walnuts such as are old and rancid or mouldy in
cleansing it is to be filled up joyned together and at length with a Cicatrice to be shut up But touching the cure of a Carbuncle see more in the fourth Book of Feavers and the fourth Chapter Chap. 14. Of the Tumor Paronychia UNto Inflammations there also belongeth that Tumor that the Greeks call Paronychia because that it is generated in the Confines or sides of the Fingers the Latines term it Panaritium the Germans Der Wurm Oder Das Vngenandte For the Vulgar are of Opinion that in this Tumor there lieth hid a Worm that by gnawing exciteth and causeth those so great pains and that when it is mentioned and spoken of it is thereby exasperated and that therefore it ought not to be so much at named but these things are meerly fabulous What a Paronychia is Now a Paronychia is a hot Tumor or Swelling arising from blood adust and atrabiliary in the extream part of the Fingers at the sides of the Nails and by reason of the neighborhood of the Nerves exciting most grievous and intollerable pains The Causes For this Tumor hath its original from adust and for the most part likewise malignant blood which Nature thrusteth forth unto the Fingers ends and there it causeth an Inflammation The Signs Diagnostick It is known by the Swelling Redness and pain appearing in the Fingers ends about the Nails together with a most extream and intense pain by reason that the neeâ— adjoyning Nervous parts are affected which wil not permit the sick Person to sleep or take any rest neither night nor day and this pain in regard of the Nerves consent is oftentimes extended throughout the whol Arm and it hath to accompany it a continuall Feaver and somtimes by reason of the over-great pain a Lipothymy which we term fainting or swounding Prognosticks 1. According to the benignity and inoffensiveness of the humor the malady is somtimes more mild and tollerable and somtimes again more grievous and intollerable For if the matter be benign or moderate and favorable the symptoms are then the less vehement 2. On the contrary if the Matter be Malignant the Malady is dangerous for it oftentimes so corrupteth the Ligaments and the neighboring Nerves that the utmost Joynt together with the Bone Impostumateth and somtimes the whole Finger is corrupted The Cure The Vulgar as they have superstitious Opinions touching the Cause so they have likewise concerning the Cure of this Tumor For they think that if any one thus affected shall in the Spring time wash and besmear his hands with the Eggs otherwise called the seed or Sperm of Frogs shal then suffer them to dry leisurely of their own accord and shal afterward hold in this Hand that Finger that is grieved with this Inflammation he shal by this means asswage and qualifie the said Inflammation And some there be also that every yeer hold in their hand a live Mole and then having conceived and mumbled over a certain form of words with squeezing hard they kill the Mole they have in their hand and then they brag and boast that for the yeer following they are able to kil and destroy all those Worms But to omit these sopperies the right and due way of Cuâ—ing this Evil is then taken when after the general evacuation of the humors by Blood-letting and Purgation hath been premised in the first place we impose upon the part affected those things that moderate the pain and mitigate the servent heat of the humors and such Medicaments likewise as help forward and further suppuration But Repelling and Astringent Remedies are by no means to be imposed upon the grieved part lest that by this means the humor should be the more impacted into the part the pain augmented and the Nerves and Bone corrupted If yet notwithstanding the Asslux be over great then let Repellers be laid on very nigh unto the part next above it And therefore in the very beginning the following Cataplasm is to be imposed Take Barley meal and Bean meal of each one ounce Camphire one scruple the Mucilage of the seed of Fleabane as much as will suffice Mingle all these with Vinegar over the sire and so make a Cataplams Oâ— Take the juyce of Nightshade of Plantane of Navelwort of each half an ounce the Mucilage of Fleabane seed extracted with the Water of Nightshade three drams Bole armenick half a dram Camphire five grains Oyl of Roses and Myrtle of each half an ounce Mingle them c. Or Take the Mucilage of Fleabane seed extracted with the juyce or water of Plantane two ounces Bole armenick one dram Vinegar half an ounce Mingle them c. Or else let the white of an Egg mingled with the Oyl of Violets be imposed There are likewise commended those little Worms that are found in the middle of the utmost â—ind of the Teazel or Fullers Thistle if while they are alive they be bound about the Nails affected Where the matter tendeth to Suppuration Take the Meal of Fenugreek seed and Linseed of each half an ounce the Yelk of one Egg fresh Butter one ounce the fat of a Hen three drams Mingle them without sire and make an Vnguent Or Take the Mucilage of the juyce of Fleabane one ounce the meal of Linseed and Fenugreek of each three drams the Yelk of an Egg Saffron one scruple the fat of a Hen and Butter unsalted of each one ounce Mingle them and make a Cataplasm When the Pus is bred the Impostume is forthwith to be opened and the Pus or Snot-like filth being seldom good but rotten and corrupt is to be drawn forth The Pus being thus evacuated such a like Abstersive and Incarnative is then to be made use of Take Aloes Hepatick three drams Myrrh Frankincense Sarcocol of each one dram pure and cleer Turpentine half an ounce Honey of Roses two drams Mingle them c. Gulielmus Fabricius in the first Century of his Chirurgical Observations Observ 97. doth not stay to wait for the Inflammation or for any notable swelling up and suppuration but in a Woman that was afflicted with a most grievous pain in the end of her finger together with a Feaver a fainting and swounding a nauseousness and vomiting and other symptoms he thus ordaineth his Cure He first of al a little fomenteth the finger with Cows Milk in which Camomil flowers Melilot flowers the seeds of Fenugreek and Quinces were first boyled And then by little and little he dissected the superficies of the Skin The Skin being shaven away there appeared smal red spots which being cut with the edg of a knife he findeth under the Skin a drop or two of red Water That being evacuated he applied a Linen Cloth dipt and moistened in Aqua vitae in which there was dissolved a little Treacle By thus doing he soon qualified and quite took away the pain and by this one only Remedy the very next day the finder was healed And likewise in another Matron that for three
provoked and stirred up both for the repairing of the clour and the pouring in of blood And to tel you the truth in what place soever there is such an effusion of Blood it may in general be called Ecchymosis yet notwithstanding Paulus Aegineta in his fourth Book Chap. 30 according to the diversity of the parts affected reckoneth up three kinds or species all which may be called by their several distinct and peculiar names The first is those which we call Hypopia and by Hippocrates named Hypophthalmia that is Subocularia to wit palenesses or wannesses under the Eyes Now it is termed Hypopion from Ops that is the Eye because it appeareth under the Eyes and it is an Affect differing from that we call Hypopyon the difference lying in this that the former is written by ω and ι the latter by ο and Ï… from Pus which the Greeks call Pyon because it is a collection of Pus or purulent matter under the Cornea Tunicle The second Species is Hyposphagma which some in special term Suggillatio to wit an effusion of blood into the Adnata or Cornea both of them Tunicles of the Eye touching which we have already spoken in the first Book of our Practice Part 1. Sect. 2. Chap. 32. The third Species is that which is caused by the Contusion or bruising of the Nails this Species Hippocrates calleth Hyponychos and the Latine Authors term it Subungulus in regard that it is an Affect under the Nails Contusion Somtimes with Ecchymosis there is likewise conjoyned a Contusion yea and somtimes also there is so great an abundance of Blood poured forth that it being collected under the Skin and the Muscles it there causeth a certain hollowness and lifteth up the part into a Tumor or Swelling There is also somtimes according to the Nature of the part conjoyned therewith a pain from whence it happeneth that more blood floweth thereto and by this means an Inflammation yea and sometimes likewise at the length a Gangrene is excited There is to bâ—â—â— a notable History of this in Johannes Philippus Ingrassias in his Jatropologia When in the yeer 1537. in an Hippomachie or Tilting as we call it the Marquess of Terra Nova ran with the Baron of Volaterran it so chanced that the armed Knee of the Marquess by reason of the Fury and extraordinary fierceness of their Horses gave so great a blow upon the bare and unarmed Leg of the Baron that the Contusion or bruise that followed thereupon was so great and grievous that the Baron died thereof four daies after By reason of this his so sudden and unexpected death the Physitians were question'd and called to an account for that they had not rightly and as was fitting managed the Cure In whose behalf and defence Johannes Philippus Ingrassias wrote those two Books of Apology under the name and Title of Jatropologia There is likewise extant in Gulielmus Fabricius Cent. 2. Observat 83. another History which you may there see shewing how dangerous Contusions may be The Signs Suffusions and these Suggillations are easily known For the very colour it self and the Swelling if at least there be any fal under the sense and are apparently to be seen The Causes are known by those things that went before and such as are likewise present For if any external Cause went before as a Blow a Fall and the like the Physitian may understand it from the relation of the Patient But if none of these shall happen we are then to consider the Blood in the Body and well to weigh by what means it becometh thus peccant and offensive Prognosticks 1. Although in truth these Ecchymomata are for the most part void of all danger and the blood that is yet thin may easily be dispersed yet if this be not done and that the blood be deteined any thing long in the part affected out of its own Vessels it then may prove to be of dangerous Consequence in regard that by this means there may be excited both a Corruption of that very part that is affected and likewise a damage and detriment unto the whol Body For the Blood being clotted together unless it be forthwith insensibly discussed or turned into Pus which is necessarily done where the Flesh is withall greatly bruised so that hence the part yet continueth soft it putrefieth and corrupteth and breedeth a Gangrene and very frequently bringeth Death and Destruction upon the sick Person 2. But there is great danger threatned and nigh at hand when the part affected continueth not any longer green or wan but inflamed and becometh very red hard and distended Of which we related that former notable History out of Ingrassias The Cure As for what therefore concerneth the Cure we wil first of all treat of the Cure of that Ecchymoma that followeth upon a Contusion For even this also very often happeneth and whoever he be that knoweth the Cure of this he shal have a sufficient store of Medicaments with which he may cure the rest since that the discussing Medicaments that are here to be drunk have their place likewise in the other First of al therefore if the contusion be great we must use the best of our â—kil and care to prevent and hinder the afflux of blood unto the place lest that thereby an Inflammation should be excited This is to be done by Venesection for which cause Galen commands That in a fal from on high and in beatings and bruisings a vein be opened and that although the blood doth not greatly abound yet that by opening a Vein it be drawn forth lest that an Inflammation should be excited from whence not only evil symptoms but oftentimes also even death it self hath its original And the truth is this Venesection is forthwith to be ordained and put in practise withal at the same time Defensives and Repellers are likewise to be placed neer about the part that may impede and prevent the influx of blood into the part affected such as are made up of Bole-armenick Terra sigillata or Sealed Earth of Lemnos Dragons blood Roses Myrtles the Nuts of the Cypress Tree Galls Pomegranate flowers Roots of the lesser Consound and the like As for instance Take Bole armenick Terra sigillat of each an ounce and half Chalk half an ounce let them boyl in Vinegar after they be boyled Take Pouder of red Roses the pure sine flour of the Root Consolida or Consound of each half an ounce and with the Oyl of Myrtles make a Cataplasm Or only which is likewise in common use the white of an Egg shaken together with Rose water and with burds or the courser part of flax applied unto the place affected Or Take the white of four Eggs the Oyl of Myrtle and Roses of each one ounce Bole armenick Dragons blood of each half an ounce Cypress Nut two drams a little Vinegar Mingle them c. And this is also here to be taken notice of that there be not many
a Liniment or an Vnguent with a sufficient quantity of Wax If there be any particular Contusion such a like Liniment may at the first be administred Take Oyl of Roses of Myrtles of Camomil of each one ounce the white of one Egg the pouder of Myrtles and Roses of each two drams mingle c. After this on the third day let the part affected be fomented with the Decoction of Camomile Wormwood and Cummin The next following Liniment may likewise be administred But now in the curing of the Suggillation the most efficacious Remedy is the Root of the Herb Sigillum Solomonis or Solomons Seal which either new gathered or else in the Winter season macerated in Wine and bruised and then applied in the form of a Cataplasm oftentimes in one only night wholly taketh away the Suggillation so that the Native heat returneth unto the part affected Or Take the Roots of both the Consounds of each three ounces Camomil and Melilot flowers of each two smal handfuls the meal of Barley Fenugreek and Beans of each one ounce the pouder of Wormwood half an ounce Cummin seed one dram Saffron half a scruple Mingle them and make a Decoction for a Cataplasm There is likewise commended a musty or mouldy Nut bruised Reddish Seed with dried Figgs Mustard Seed with Vinegar Rue with Honey Or Take the Root of Wake-Robin or Cuckowpint while it is green an ounce and half Solomons Seal four ounces these Roots being shred smal pour upon them the water of Elder flowers white Lillies and Bean flowers of each four ounces Wine Vinegar two ounces Alom six drams one Gall of a Bull let them stand and digest for the space of eight daies and every day during that time let them be well shaken together In this Water let Linen Cloaths be well soaked and so applied unto the part affected Or Take Pigeons Blood Cummin Camomile of each one dram the meal of Fenugreek half a dram Celtick Spikenard one scruple Malmsey as much as is sufficient make a Liniment In special in a Swelling especially if there be a Leaden and wan colour after Venesection there may be fitly applied the Oyl of Rue and the Leaves of common Rue boyled in common Oyl imposed upon the place affected But if the Malady be not remedied by these medicaments neither the blood that is shed forth without the Vessels may by them be dispersed then if the place wil bear it Cupping-glasses are to be administred which are the most effectual Remedy for the extracting of whatsoever is conteined in a deep place and moreover if need require Scarifications are also to be made use of that some of the Blood may manifestly be evacuated and emptied forth But now if by all these there cannot be made that Resolution of the Blood that ought to be and withal if there be present any tokens and signs of a suppuration as for example if the place swel up a little and appear soft to the touch if there be a certain bearing pain and a redness begin to appear round about then the suppuration in the common and received Opinion and Judgment of Chirurgeons is to be holpen on and by all means to be furthered The Suppuration being thus finished and wrought the Ulcer is then to be purged and cleansed filled up with Flesh and at length closed up with a Cicatrice Yet notwithstanding in the use of these suppuratives great caution is to be had and of these only such as are gentle mild and moderate are to be administred For if there be any error committed in the use of these and that we be not extraordinary carefull in this point there may easily be excited in the part a sordid and filthy Ulcer and a putridness withal When therfore some of the latter Chirurgeons those of our time wel consider the Premises and what we have said they advise that when we perceive that the Contusion is converted and turn'd into an Impostume a perfect suppuration is not then to be expected For if the Pus or purulent matter that is generated from the congealed and clotted blood be any long time detained and kept in the place affected it may then excite and cause many evils as Feavers pains and an extraordinary putridness and may likewise corrupt the neer neighboring parts the Nerves and the Bones whereupon afterward Ulcers of dangerous consequence and Fistulaes also even from hence oftentimes take their Original Neither likewise do these admit of any Emollient and suppurating Emplasters and Cataplasms in regard that by these a putridness and those other evils and mischiefs that are wont from thence to arise may easily be excited in the part But they counsel and advise us rather that such a place wherein there is contained any clotted blood which now exciteth the Apostem be forthwith opened with a Pen-knife and that in the Wound made by Incision there be conveyed in a Tent anointed with Unguent Aegyptiack and that the whol place be wel senced and covered with some fit and convenient Emplaster that may preserve the Native heat thereof and defend it from putridness And this they conceive is more especially to be observed if the contusion be made in the Sides the Belly or the Back For then there is diligent heed to be taken whether or no on the third fourth or fifth day in that place wherein the Contusion or bruising happened there arise any Swelling with a pain and thenceforth from day to day encrease and whether or no there be a beating pain excited and that the sick Person cannot wel endure that the said place be touched and whether there be another kind of redness appearing in the Circumference and whether the breathing be difficult and some kind of preternatural heat discovering it self in the Body For wherever these things appear albeit there be appearing no wanness or Leaden colour in the external parts it is a sign and token that the Pus or corrupt filth is gotten together and that the Impostume is excited Whereupon lest that the Pus convert it self unto the more inward parts and there raise as it were Conny-burrows for so they term them and gnawing assunder eat through the more inward parts and so by this means hasten upon the sick Party a sudden Death or long continuing Diseases the the place is speedily to be opened for the place being thus opened the Pus very easily issueth forth Let the Wound be afterward handled and ordered as we said before and herein we must not neglect or omit Venesection and Vulnerary Potions but they conceive that there is scarcely any or at least very little benefit arising and accrewing to the Patient from Emollients and Suppuratives But if the Contusion be great or that any error hath been committed in the Cure or that the place begin to look black ahd blewish and to be mortified by reason of the suffocation of the Native heat so that a Gangrene and Mortification be feared as like to ensue then
the future and the humor it self that is in the part affected is to be evacuated In the first place therefore the watry and wheyish humors are to be evacuated by Stool by Urine and by Sweats and we must likewise so order it that the Diaphoresis and insensible transpiration may be free and uninterrupted Secondly If there be present any fault in any Bowel that is by Nature destin'd and ordained for Concoction by which this watry humor is supplied this is to be corrected and of this we have already spoken in its proper place Thirdly The watery matter the next and conteining Cause of the Tumor is to be evacuated which is to be performed either insensibly by those things that Resolve and digest and dry much or else sensibly by opening the Tumor and pouring out the Matter Those things that Resolve Discuss and dry up the watry humors are Rue Wallwort or Danewort Elder Camomile Dill the Flower-de-luce root Aristolochy or Birthwort Laurel berries the Meal of Beans and of the bitter Vetch Orobus Ashes Salt Sulphur Ammoniacum and Bdellium As Take Leaves of Rue of the Elder Tree and Wallwort the Flowers of Camomile of each one handful Lawrel berries two ounces boyl them in Ley and Wine for a Fomentation Afterward Take Sal Nitre half an ounce Sulphur three drams the Pouder of Lawrel berries one ounce Ammoniacum half an ounce Oyl of Rue and Wax of each as much as will suffice and make a Liniment But if the matter cannot be discussed and scatterred then let the Tumor be opened and the mater emptied forth The Diet. Let such a Diet be ordained and appointed that may not in the least make any supply or add unto the watry humors and let it have regard unto the Causes of the collection of the watry humor touching which we have also already spoken in its proper place Chap. 22. Of Exanthemata Ecchymata Papulae Pustulae Phlyctenae and Eczesmata BUt now it is very rare and a thing that but seldom happeneth that one only humor should excite and cause any Tumor whatsoever but for the most part many humors mixed together and especially the Cholerick Salt and ferous or wheyish humors meeting together and somtimes also black Choler do excite and produce divers sorts of Tubercles or small Tumors of which we intend now to treat and here in the explanation of their several names we meet with much difficulty And first of all Exanthemata Exanthemata and Exanthesis that is to say Efflorescences are so called in regard that like unto Flowers they break forth in the Skin Hippocrates 3. Epid. Comm. Text 51. calleth them likewise Ecthymata from the Greek because they impetuously break forth as Galen in his Comment upon Hippocrates explaineth it Pliny in his Book 24. and Chap. 4. and Book 26. Chap 11. calleth them Eruptiones But now the name Exanthemata seemeth to be a general name so that it may comprehend under it whatsoever of its own accord breaketh forth in the Skin neither indeed is there any certain and particular species of those Tubercles or smal Tumors whereupon it is that they are likewise called Exanthemata Sublime broad red round smal Exanthemata of sweats Elcode by Hippocrates in his third Book of Aphorisms Aphor. 20. But whether or no there be any general Latin word that may answer unto this Exanthemata of the Greeks I very much question We indeed meet with the name of Papulae and Pustulae that is to say Wheals Blisters Measels and Pushes But now whereas there is a twofold sort of Exanthemata one that which only changeth the color of the Skin as it is wont to be in those Feavers that we cal Petechiales and another in which there are certain Tubercles breaking forth in the Skin the name of Papulae and Pustulae seemeth not to agree with and answer to both of them but only unto the latter sort of the Exanthemata for Papulae and Pustulae signifie only Tubercles in which there is some certain humor contained And yet notwithstanding we find that the name of Papulae is a more special name and that it seemeth not to be used by Celsus and Pliny in one and the same manner For by Pliny the hotter sort of Exanthemata and which are elevated higher than ordinary into a sharp-pointed head are termed Papulae of which notwithstanding seeing that there are many differences viz. red hot black Papulae of sweats this name seemeth to be general enough But now with Celsus the name Papulae is a special and peculiar name and signifieth only that affect which the Greeks cal Lichenes and the Latines Impetigo For thus he writeth in his fifth Book and 28. Chapter That the Papulae by the smallest sort of Pustules do exasperate the Skin and likewise that they corrode and creep forward but slowly and that where the Disease beginneth round there it also proceedeth after an Orb-like and round manner and that that which is less round is more difficultly cured and that unless it be taken quite away it turneâ—h into the Impetigo For he maketh two species of Lichenes as the Greeks likewise do One he termeth Agria that is wild the other more mild and that the wild Papula is cured by rubbing it with fasting Spittle All which things before mentioned agree with the Lichenes of the Greeks The name likewise of Eczesmata seemeth to be general For although some by these Eczesmata understand only Hidroa or Sudamina and others refer them unto the Head alone yet without al doubt this name is general and signifieth a Pustule or very hot Papula as the name it self importeth Of the Tumors Phlyctaenae But that we may treat of these in their several species or kinds the first in order to be handled are those we cal Phlyctaenae Now they are called Phlyctaenae Phluctides Phluzacia and Phluseis from two Greek words that signifie to Boyl or become fervent hot being Pustules and little Bladders excited and caused by the humors when they are as it were boyling hot and most sharp like unto those Pushes and smal Bladders that are raised by the fire and scalding hot water By others they are likewise named Ignis Silvestris or wild fire The Arabians cal them Sahafati And indeed these kind of Pustules and little Bladders very frequently break out in the Skin or rather in the Scars-skin and somtimes privily in the Cornea Tunicle of the Eye touching which we have already spoken in the first Book of our Practice Part 3. Sect. 2. Chap. 17. They oftentimes arise in the Thighs and in Infants they somtimes break forth in their whol body but seldom so in men The Causes The Phlyctaenae proceed from a Cholerick and extream hor humor mingled together with a humor that is salt and wheyish But now from what Causes such like humors are generated we have elsewhere declared They somtimes likewise befal women by reason of their Menstruous blood over long retained and corrupted But
now those Humors are called forth unto the Skin when any one having been in the cold suddenly approacheth neer unto the fire or else betaketh himself to a hot Bath and so on the contrary when after heat the pores of the Skin shal be altogether close shut up by the external cold The Signs Diagnostick The little Bladders that resemble those that are raised by the fire or scalding hot water do suddenly break forth and when they are broken there issueth forth by little and little a yellowish humor the Crusts thereof wax hard and then they fal off By reason of the acrimony and fervent heat of the humor they excite an itching in the Skin Prognosticks 1. Phlyctaenae as Aetius tels us Tetrab 4. Serm. 2. Chap. 63. abide and continue somtimes for two or three daies 2. Phlyctaenae if they be not wel and rightly cured they now and then degenerate into an Herpes The Cure If such like vitious humors abound in the body then in the first place such a kind and course of Diet is to be prescribed thai wil not encrease those like Humors but such as may rather correct that Cacochymy And moreover the said vitious Humors are by convenient Medicaments to be evacuated Now as for Topicks let the Phlyctaenae first be fomented with the Decoction of Lentils Myrtle and Pomegranate Rinds Or Take the Mucilage of Fleabans or Fleawort seed Rose water extract six ounces the Juyce of Purslane and Nightshade of each two ounces mingle them and let the place affected be anointed therewith If they breâ—k not of their own accord and thereupon cause a grievous pain they are then to be pâ—â—ckt and pierced through with a needle and the Pustules are to be hard squeezed and upon the Ulcer lay this following Cataplasm Take Barley Meal the Meal of Lentils and of Beans the pouder of Pomegranate Rinds of each an ounce with a sufficient quantity of the Oyl of Roses make a Cataplasm Or Take the Leaves of Plantane Mallows Myrtle of each one handful boyl them to a softness and pass them through a hair sieve then add unto them Barley Meal the Meal of Lentiles and crums of white Bread of each as much as will suffice and make a Cataplasm Or else let a Liniment made of Swines Fat with the Spume or Froth of Silver in a Leaden Mortar he laid on Or Take Juyce of the Root of sowr Sorrel and Scabious of each two ounces Oyl of Roses four ounces the Fat of an old Hog six ounces boyl them until the Juyces be consumed and afterwards add Litharge of Gold one ounce live Sulphur six drams Turpentine half an ounce stir them wel together in a Leaden Mortar and 〈◊〉 a Liniment Or â—â—ke L tharge live Sulphur Myrtle Pouder 〈◊〉 one ounce stir them wel together with 〈◊〉 â—ar in a Leadâ—n Mortar and adding thereâ—â— a â—â—fficient quantity of the Oyl of Roses make â—â—Vnguent See more of this in Aetius Tetrab 1. Serm. 4. Chap. 21. Chap. 23. Of Vari or Pimples VAri are Tubercles or little Swellings somwhat neer of kin unto Psydracia by the Greeks called Jonthoi because that like unto Dung they are the defilement and the disgrace of the Countenance by fouling and disfiguring of the Face Galen in his second Book of the Method of Physick Chap. 2. reckons up these among those names that neither represent the place affected neither the cause that produceth them They are likewise by some named Acne or Acna as Aetius tels us Tetrab 2. Serm. 4. Chap 13. Although Hermolaus in his Gloss upon Pliny reads the word Acmas as if this kind of Affect were commonly so termed by the Greeks in regard that it is wont to seize upon those that are of ripe and ful age Celsus in his fifth Book Chap. 6. writeth thus It is almost but a meer folly saith he to attempt the curing of these Vari or Specks and Pimples in the Face or the little Pushes and heat-wheals of the same But Vari and Lenticuâ—ae or Pimples are very wel and commonly known and yet notwithstanding you cannot possibly take from Women the care they take in tricking themselves up and especially in trimming their Faces In Galens Opinion as we have it in his fifth Book of the Composition of Medicaments according to the place Chap. 3. and in his Book of making those Remedies that may be provided Chap. 51. Jonthos is an hard and little swelling in the Skin of the Face raised from a thick Juyce that is there gotten together The which in regard that it is altogether void of the wheyish moisture it is therefore not at al itching neither doth it require or stand in any need of scratching This Humor is for the most part alimentary insinuating it self into the Pores of the Skin But yet there is likewise oftentimes therewithal mingled an excrementitious Humor and atrabiliary blood Signs Diagnostick We have before told you out of Celsus that this Tumor is sufficiently and commonly known Prognosticks 1. This Affect hath in it no danger so that Celsus thinks it meer folly so much as to will or desire the Cure of this Tumor 2. Those Vari that arise only from the thicker and grosser Aliment are firm and stable But if an Excrementitious Humor be mingled with them the Tubercles pour forth an Ichor or thin Excrement and if they be suppurated they turn into Ulcers 3. If together with the Pushes there be an Intense and extraordinary redness in the face the Malady is then very hard to be cured if not altogether impossible and although the Pustules may be removed by strong Medicaments yet the redness wil notwithstanding remain and encrease unto a higher pitch 4. When there is a redness conjoyned with the swelling and puffing up of the Face and a hoarsness of the voyce this is a very shrewd sign of an approaching Lepra or Leprosie The Cure These Tubercles are to be cured by Emollients Discussers and likewise unless they in a short time yield and give place by corroding Medicaments As for instance Take Meal of Lupines of the bitter Vetch Orobus of each one ounce and half of Mallows peeled and Flowerdeluce Root of each two drams Salt Ammoniack one dram with Mucilage of Gum Tragacanth make Trochisques which at the time of using them may be dissolved in Milk Or Take Honey and the sharpest or sowrest Vinegar of each one ounce and half Mingle them Or Take Litharge of Gold three drams Turpentine half an ounce common Oyl as much as will suffice mingle them Or Let the Face be anointed in the Evening with bitter Almonds wel pounded and made into a Mash and so mingled with Vinegar and in the morning wash the Face with Milk If the Vari be harder than ordinary Take Black Soap half an ounce Animoniacum Frankincense of each a dram and half let them be dissolved in Water that they may get the thickness of a Cerote Or Take the Juyce of the sharp Dock two ounces Vinegar of
accord like unto Phlyctaenae or Blisters somwhat reddish which being broken there issueth forth a bloody filth and matter They do not greatly excruciate the Party in the day time but by night they torture and torment him with a pain that is more then usual in an Ulcer But yet although Paulus and Aetius define Epinyctides by little Ulcers yet notwithstanding without all doubt they understand Pustules degenerating and turning into Ulcers Neither are they generated only of Cholerick and bloody filth and corruption but likewise from other humors also And therefore Pliny in his Book 20. and Chap. 6. calleth them pale and wan Pustules and such as disquiet in the night time But Celsus in the place alleadged doth most cleerly and plainly describe them in these words It is saith he the worst of all kind of Pustules that is called Epinyctis It is wont to be in colour either somwhat pale and wan or somwhat black or else white About this there is also a vehement Inflammation and within there is found a snotty and nasty exulceration The colour is like unto its humor from whence it ariseth The pain that it causeth is greater than its bigness and transcendeth its magnitude for it is no bigger then a Bean. And it likewise ariseth in the eminent parts and most commonly in the night time for which cause it hath this name Epinyctis imposed upon it by the Greeks There are some that conceive these Epinyctides to be Essere of the Arabians but they are mistaken as it wil appear by the Chapter following for Essere unless it be very much scratched and clawed poureth forth no humor at all The Causes The Causes of this Tumor are a Salt and wheyish humor and Flegm together with which there is somtimes mingled some of the Blood and Cholerick Ichor and now and then likewise some of the black Choler From whence also it is that the colour is not alwaies one and the same and by reason of the Flegm therwith mingled the Pustule being opened there is found within a certain snotty and filthy exulceration And the Tumor is almost if not altogether such as that which causeth the Carbuncle but only that there is here no malignity present neither is the Tumor likewise here so great as it is in a Carbuncle neither is it as we told you out of Celsus bigger then a Bean. But that it is more exasperated by night the Cause hereof is a black humor that is wont to be moved more in the night and the nocturnal cold which shutteth and closeth up the Pores of the Skin Signs Diagnostick It is not at all needful that we declare the signs and tokens of this Tumor since that it may be sufficiently known from the aforementioned description of Celsus The Prognosick To tel you the truth these Tubercles are not dangerous and they denote the strength of the expulsive faculty yet notwithstanding they are very grievous and troublesome by reason of the pain they cause and they bring restlessness likewise upon the Party in the night time and they signifie that an adust and vitious Juyce doth superabound in the body The Cure And therefore the naughty a vitious humor is to be evacuated and if the blood too much abound a Vein is then to be opened and withall there is such a kind of Diet to be prescribed that may not generate and breed an adust humor As for Topical Remedies such a like Bath or Lotion may be appointed Viz. Take Mallows Violets Pellitory of the Wall Bearsfoot of each three handfuls Nightshade one handful Marshmallow seeds and the four cold seeds wel bruised of each one ounce boyl them in sweet water for a Bath Paulus and Aetius commend the liquor of Laserpitium with salted water in regard that it drieth without any corrosion at all as also the Leaves of the Hemlock or Henbane bruised and pounded smal together with Honey as likewise the Green Coriander and Nightshade bruised and mingled together or the Leaves of the Wild Olive bruised For those Ulcers that spring and arise from Pustules this following Medicament is very proper and convenient Take Ceruss half an ounce Litharge one ounce and half Fenugreek seed half an ounce Roses two drams the Juyce of Endive as much as wil suffice let them be mingled and stirred together until they attain unto the thickness of Honey or a Liniment But let there be a careful abstinence from whatsoever is sharp acid and salt Terminthus Some there are that refer likewise Terminthus unto these Epinyctides But it doth not yet sufficiently appear what this Tumor Terminthus of the Ancients is properly but only what we have from Galen who in Epidem 6. Comment 3. Text. 37. thus writeth that the name of Terminthi doth signifie certain black Pustules arising especially in the Thighs derived from the likeness and resemblance they have in figure colour and bigness with the fruit of Terminthi that is Cicers as they vulgarly render it but as others and that more rightly the fruit of the Turpentine Tree Chap. 26. Of Essere THere is also a certain kind of Tumor which we but very seldom meet with in the writings of the Greeks and Latines but oftentimes mentioned by the Arabians and now then likewise by the Physitians of our own time such especially as live neer us in our own Country which they cal Essere Sora and Sare to wit when litcle Tubercles inclining to a red colour and somwhat hard do suddenly and unexpectedly seiz upon the whol Body together with an extraordinary troublesom itching Just as if the Party had been bitten and stung by Bees or Wasps or Gnats or stung with Nettles and yet notwithstanding so that after a long time they vanish again the Skin likewise without the issuing forth of an ichorous excrement or any other moisture whatsoever recovereth its former smoothness and colour There are some indeed that refer these kind of Tubercles unto the aforesaid Epinyctides of the Greeks but they are here in mistaken For Epinyctides and Essere are Tumors altogether differing one from the other in regard that Epinyctides pour forth out of them a certain humor which Essere doth not but vanisheth without any kind of humor issuing there from Moreover the Epinyctides according to the name they have thereupon Imposed on them do afflict and grieve the Patient most of all in the night time but the Essere very rarely break forth in the night but for the most part in the day time The way and Method of Curing them is likewise very various and different It is somwhat doubtful whether or no this kind of Tumor was at all known to the Grecians since that we meet not in any of their writings with the true and proper kind of this Tumor neither do they make any the least mention hereof unless haply there be any that will refer this Tumor Essere unto Exanthemata that are without any Ulcer Serapio in the fifth of his Breviary
or such like be provided Viz Take Roots and Leaves of the sowr Sorrel three handfuls Elecampane Root three ounces Briony half a pound Mallows Scabious Fumitory Selandine Sopewort which some cal Bruisewort of each two handfuls whol Barley Lupines Beans of each half a pound Bran one pound Camomile flowers three handfuls boyl them for a Bath For this same use and purpose Liniments likewise and Unguents are prepared a great number whereof we meet with every where in Authors They are compounded and made as I have told you of such Medicaments as cleanse and purge the Skin such as are Nitre Flowerdeluce bitter Almonds Southernwood Hellebore the Root of Briony of white Lillies Bean meal the meal of the bitter Verch Orobus the meal of Lupines Turpentine Sulphur Tartar Unto these you may add and mingle therewith Anodynes that is to say those Remedies that mitigate the itching and asswage the pain that is excited by other Medicaments and such are these viz. Oyl of Roses Oyl of Dill and Oyl of Camomile the Fat of a Hen Goose Fat the Fat of a Calf new and fresh Butter Hogs Lard c. Adding likewise those things that correct and amend the distemper of the Skin and such are these to wit the juyce of Sorrel Milk the seed of Melons those Medicaments are likewise herewith to be mingled that are of thin parts as Vinegar and the juyce of Lemmons From al which and other such like as we see occasion divers Medicaments are compounded according to the nature condition and constitution together with al other circumstances of the body thus affected For al kinds of Scabies or Scabbiness are not easily to be cured with one only Medicament and whosoever they be that attempt this they are justly to be accused either of negligence or ignorance For the milder sort of Medicaments are most fit and proper in a mild and moderate Scabies in Children Women tender and delicate persons and so on the contrary And likewise the moist Scabies requireth one kind of Medicaments the dry another The milder and gentler sort of Remedies are these that follow Viz. Take Litharge first dissolved and diluted with Rose Vinegar the Roots of white Lillies of each two drams Oyl of Roses two ounces Bean meal one ounce Juyce of Lemmons two drams Camphire four grains those of them that are to be pulverized let them be beaten into a very smal and fine pouder and so mingled with the rest into the form of a Liniment Or Take Juyce of sowr Sorrel and Elecampane of each one ounce Juyce of Lemmons six drams Turpentine an ounce Litharge half an ounce Ceruss two drams common Salt half a dram Oyl of Roses as much as wil suffice and make a Liniment Or Take the Fat of a Hog an ounce and half Oyl of Roses one ounce Turpentine half an ounce Oyl of Tartar and the Yelks of Eggs of each one dram Pouder of Frankincense two drams common Salt one scruple and mingle them carefully Or Take fresh Butter and Turpentine of each four ounces Oyl of Roses and Myrtles of each one ounce two Yelks of Eggs Ceruss one ounce Salt two drams Mingle them wel Or Take the juyce of sowr Sorrel and Elecampane of each an ounce and half Vinegar half an ounce Oyl of Roses and Wax of each a sufficient quantity and make an Unguent Or Take Turpentine washed with Rose water half an ounce the juyce of sowr Oranges three drams the Yelk of one Egg Butter two drams Oyl of Roses as much as wil suffice to make a Liniment Or Take Turpentine washed in Scabious water one ounce Oyl of Roses half an ounce fresh Butter and Hogs Grease of each two drams Salt half a dram Litharge one dram the Yelks of two Eggs Juyce of Lemmons six drams Wax as much as wil serve the turn to make an Unguent Or Take Juyce of sowr Sorrel one ounce Turpentine and Styrax liquid of each a dram and half Elecampane Root two drams Frankincense one dram the Yelk of one Egg Salt one dram Vinegar a dram and half Hogs Grease and Oyl of Roses of each half an ounce Wax a sufficient quantity to make a soft Unguent Or Take Litharge half an ounce Ceruss two drams Mastick and Frankincense of each two drams the juyce pressed forth of an Orange the Orange being cut in pieces together with its rind one ounce Oyl of Roses as much as wil suffice Stir them wel about al together in a Leaden Mortar and so make an Unguent For the Rich and such as are tender and delicate there are wont to be made Unguents of Apples which they therefore cal Pomata's or Pomada's as for instance thus Take Cinnamom and Cloves of each three drams Lavender flowers two scruples Nutmeg two drams Styrax Calamite one dram Benzoin five drams Camphire one scruple sweet smelling Apples one pound and half Rose water the like quantity Wine four ounces the fat of a Hog fresh and sweet one pound boyl al and strain them and then add of Musk half a scruple and make a Liniment But in such as are of ful age especially where the Scabies is confirmed and setled the stronger sort of Medicaments are necessary As for Example Take the Juyce of sowr Sorrel one ounce Sulphur Citrine three drams Nitre two drams Liquid Styrax and Lupine Meal of each two drams and half Oyl of Roses as much as will suffice a little Wax and to make an Unguent Or Take Sulphur half an ounce Nitre one dram Oyl of Roses and Oyl of Nuts of each one ounce Juyce of Lemmons two drams mingle them c. Or Take the Roots of Elecampane sowr Sorrel of each one ounce boyl them in Vinegar and let them be passed through a fine sieve Then add of live Sulphur one dram common Salt half a dram of the Juyce of Lemmons six drams of the white Unguent of Rhasis and of the Cittine Unguent of each half an ounce Oyl of Tartar and Oyl of Roses of each as much as wil suffice a little Wax Make an Unguent Or Take good Wine that is sweet scented a pint and halâ— Sulphur three drams Frankincense two drams Salt one dram and half Hogs grease three ounces Wax one ounce and half let them boyl together to the consumption of the third part and in the end add of liquid Styrax a dram and half Mingle them Or Take Root of Pimpernel sowr Sorrel Elecampane of each half an ounce let them be infused in the Water of Fumitory and afterward let them be boyled unto the straining strongly pressed forth add Turpentine three ounces Oyl of Roses two ounces let them boyl until a third part or the one half be consumed and then add of Sulphur half an ounce Allum two drams Salgem and Nitre of each half a dram Oyl of Eggs and Wax of each a sufficient quantity and make an Unguent Or Take unsalted Butter four ounces Turpentine an ounce and half Sulphur two drams Salt half a dram the Yelk
indeed there is hardly to be found any Remedy that can subdue and conquer the greatness of this Malady 2. This Disease is exceeding great and grievous to wit from the great store of corrupt humors and there is in the body an extream and intense heat to wit so great that if any one thus affected but for a short space hold in his hand a new and green Apple it wil become wrinkled and withered even as if it had been for some long time dried by the heat of the Sun and the Air. And this same very malignity hath now of a long time taken deep root For this Malady discovereth it self but very slowly neither doth it at al appear before that the malignity of the humors have besieged as I may so say and shal have corrupted the bowels On the contrary the strength of Nature is but very weak as it may sufficiently appear from the actions of al the faculties that are generally hurt and weakened 3. Wherefore like as we do but in vain and to no purpose at al take in hand those that are altogether overmastered by this malady and the long continuance thereof so on the other hand it argueth an overgreat despondency and despair in those Physitians that deny their help and assistance for the cure and recovery of those that but only seem to be affected with this disease but in very truth are not so For as Aetius writeth Tetrab 4. Serm. 1. Chap. 120. It is a sign of humanity and an argument of brotherly kindness in the most extream and worst of Maladies to condescend likewise unto those Experiments that in al likelihood and probability may tend to the quelling and keeping under the rage and violence of the Affect The Cure As for what concerneth the Cure of this Disease in the curing of an Elephantiasis that is but new begun it is above all other things necessary and requisite that the vitious humors be wholly removed out of the body which to attempt wil yet notwithstanding be but in vain unless there be withal such a like Diet first ordained and appointed as by the which there may be no more of the vitious and bad humors gathered and heaped up together but that thereby rather the fault and whatever is amiss in the humors and the body may be rectified and amended And this is done by such things as cool and moisten to wit as they are contrary unto the preternatural distemper being hot and dry Broths and suppings are in this case therefore very fit and proper which may be qualified with Sorrel Bugloss and Borrage unto which likewise as unto al other food the Patient eats Harts-horn may be added and mingled therewith as having in it an especial and peculiar virtue of oppugning and subduing that aforesaid malignity Let his Meats be such as afford a good and commendable juyce and withal easie of digestion his flesh rather boyled than roasted or if at any time it be rosted then among other Condiments Sauces or Sallades let there be appointed him these that follow viz. Sorrel Lettice the juyce of Citrons Vinegar of Roses and Câ—pars But chiefly we commend the cream of Barley with the Milk of sweet Almonds And on the contrary let the Patient carefully a-avoid al salt meats and such as being salted are then smokeâ—dried and so hardened al fried and adust food al spiced meats as also Pease Beans Onions Garlick Mustard Hares flesh Harts flesh Beef Swines flesh Fish that have a viscous and clammy juyce and generally al other meats that breed a thick melancholick and adust humor And when the sick person is at his meals thirsty mere and undiluted Wine is very hurtful for him in regard that the heat and driness of the Patients body is thereby augmented and as for Beer thick humors are for the most part thereby generated and therefore it wil be requisite to find out for him another kind of Drink that he may dayly make use of without any the least inconvenience Of which sort the chief and principal is that drink that is made of the juyce of sweet ripe Apples and then throughly cleansed from its Lees and Dregs For this Drink is of singular use and benefit not only for those that are Elephantiack but likewise for al Melancholy and Hypochondriacal persons as also for al others whose Liver and Mesentery or Midrif afford matter and cause of a disease For it tempereth and qualâ—â—ieth the melancholy humor discusseth the vapors thereof recreateth the Heart begetteth cheerfulness tempereth and moisteneth the dryness of the Bowels and yieldeth a good aliment Another Drink there is that is useful and fit for al hot Natures and hot Diseases provided that the stomach wil but bear it and it is made after this manner Take of the purest Water three quarts Sugar six ounces the juyce of Lemmons or of the Citron three ounces according to what the stomach of the sick person the strength of the heat and the tast require of Citrine Sanders two drams let them boyl a little and afterward add of Cinnamom one dram and strain them Those that are of mean estate and condition may make use of the Prisan or Barley boyled with Fenel seeds Bur this following wil serve them for a more efficacious Drink Take Sorrel Marigolds Meadow-sweet of each one handful Pimpernel two drams Shavings of Ivory and Harts-horn of each one dram Raisons stoned and wel washed two ounces Liquor is rasped and cut into thin slices one ounce Barley one pound Boyl them in a gallon of Water until one quart thereof be wasted away And what is strained forth let it be sweetened with the Syrup or Julep of Violets Or Take the Root of Succory one ounce Raisons three ounces Liquoris cut thin half an ounce Harts-horn Fenel seed of each one dram boyl them in a gallon of Water almost unto a third part And what is strained forth sweeten it with the Syrup of Violets Furthermore as there shal be occasion let a vein be opened and the body be purged according to what the variety of circumstances shal require as for example Take Cassia one ounce Elect. Diacatholic two drams Fenel seed half a scruple and with Sugar make a Bole. Or Take Elect. Diacatholic half an ounce Confect Hamech one dram or two Conserve of Borrage half a dram Sugar a sufficient quantity and make a Bole. Or Take the Roots of Succory and Scorzonera or Vipers Grass of each three drams Sorrel Borrage Bugloss Fumitory Harts-tongue of each one pugil or smal handful of al the Cordial flowers two pugils of the four greater cold seeds and Fenel seed of each half a dram the Leaves of choice Sene half an ounce Polypody of the Oak and Mother of Thyme of each two drams Raisons cleansed half an ounce boyl them in a sufficient quantity of cleer running Water and in four ounces and half of the straining infuse one dram and half of Rheubarb and half a dram of Cinnamom unto
the straining when it is pressed forth add of the Syrup of Fumitory and Borrage of each half an ounce and mingle them well together Or Take the root of Succory Monks Rheubarb Elecampane of each half an ounce Sorrel Fumitory Scabious Bugloss Maiden-hair of each one handful Flowers of Borrage and Bugloss of each half a handful Liquorish thin sliced and Raisins cleansed of each six drams boyl them in a sufficient quantity of spring Water then take of the straining one quart and infuse therein the Leaves of Sene Polypody of the Oak of each one ounce the rind of black Hellebor half an ounce Fenel seed and Anise seed of each two drams Citron one dram Mother of Thyme commonly known by the name of Epithymum five drams Cinnamom one dram afterward let them boyl gently then strain them and sweeten all with Sugar and of this let the Patient take every or every other day two or three ounces with the Broth of a Chicken Or else there are other preparations and Purgations to be appointed Of the Whey of Milk Fumitory Harts tongue Maiden-hair Borrage Bugloss Violets Succory Endive Sorrel Scabious Thyme Scordium or Water Germander Liquorice sharp Dock called by some sowr Sorrel c. Of Epithymum otherwise called wild Tyme or Mother of Tyme Polypody the Leaves of Sene black Hellebor c. Now the Purgers and Preparers are often to be repeated for so great and contumacious a Malady as this cannot be taken away by a Digestive or two neither without frequent Purgations But there are likewise in the mean time Cordiall Medicaments to be made use of and such as extinguish and abolish malignity As Take Conserve of Bugloss Borrage Violets Water Lillies Roses of each two drams Leaves of Gold three or four or more if there be occasion Harts-horn prepared the best Treacle four scruples Syrup of Apples or Borrage as much as is sufficient make an Electuary Or Take Conserve of the Flowers of Borrage Bugloss and Roses of each one dram and half the Species Diarrhodon Abbatis and the best Venice Treacle of each two drams and with the Syrup of Apples make an Electuary of which let the Patient take every day in the morning the quantity of a Walnut and twice or thrice besides every week So soon as the Patient hath taken his Electuary let him presently be put into a Cestern filled with sweet Water and let him fit herein for the space of one hour But let the Bath be so temperate that there be no sweat caused either in the Bath or after his going out of it For if any Sweat be excited it is a sign that the Bath is hotter then it ought to be There are many Physitians that forthwith send away the Patients unto the Natural and Mineral Waters But in regard that they dry exceedingly there oftentimes ariseth thence more hurt then good especially in the beginning of the Disease while the heat and driness are at the highest And there a Bath of sweet Water is far more commodious and safe which tempereth the driness discusseth the excrements and loosneth the Skin After Bathing the body may be anointed over with this Medicament following or such like Take the Juyce of Nighshade and of Scabious of each one ounce the Root of the sharp Dock six drams Vinegar of Roses one ounce Elecampane root and Pimpernel of each half an ounce Oyl of Roses four ounces the Rinds of black Hellebor tied up in a piece of skin three drams boyl them them until the Juyces be boyled away and after this cast away the black Hellebor and then Take fresh Butter one ounce and half Vipers fat or if that cannot be had the best Treacle one ounce burnt Lead half an ounce Litharge and Ceruss of each two drams Frankincense a dram and half Styrax Calamite and Nitre of each two scruples Mingle and stir them wel about together with the Juyce of Lemmons in a Leaden Mortar with a Leaden Pestle untill it hath gotten the form of a Liniment After bathing let him likewise use this Remedy which some hold for a great secret They burn in a new Pot the Head of a Kite which after it is pulled and made bare of its Feathers they cut off as also the Feet and the Bowels being taken out and of the Powder hereof they administer what they think requisite in a fit and convenient Liquor and they prescribe likewise the eating of the rest of the Flesh at thrice that is to say a third part each day for three daies together Solenander writeth that he himself made use of this following Remedy and that with very good success He taketh two or three Vipers or if they cannot readily be gotten other Snakes and dissecteth them alive and then together with good store of Barley he puts them into Water and boyleth them until the Barley become soft With this Barley as also with the very Flesh it self of these Snakes he feeds many Pullets or Chickens and gives them no other food with the which after they have been for some few daies nourished they lose their Feathers and within a short time they again get new ones and afterward with this Flesh and Broths made of them he nourisheth the sick Person by little and little And indeed this Remedy out of Vipers we find to be much used by the Ancients For the body being first purged in the spring time especially they took Vipers and cutting off the Head and Tail casting away the Skin they gave the Flesh of these Vipers to be eaten by their Patients thus affected But Julius Palmarius assureth us that Fernelius although he made it a good part of his Study yet he could not once in all his life time effect what he so much wished and so diligently studied for to wit the recovery and restoring of any by the use of Vipers And by his advice likewise Palmarius himself administred these Vipers and not only the flesh of them prepared divers waies thus and thus but the very Treacle it self also that is made of them and yet notwithstanding without any the least success For although at the first in the beginning of this Disease this kind of Remedy may seem to benefit much yet notwithstanding at the length by it the Elephantiack poyson and virulency is thrust forth into the Skin and all the symptoms so exasperated as he writeth that in the end the putridness being augmented they are as it were torn in sunder Limb after Limb. But however in regard that the Ancients have so much commended the use of Vipers and some likewise of our latter Physitians have extolled the use of them we therefore in this particular advise you to consult experience The Ancients likewise for a Remedy used Castration or Gelding and they tell us in their writings that many have been recovered by this means Which as Valescus de Taranta conjectureth therefore cometh to pass because that the Leprosie proceeding from an overdriness the body by the taking away
of Caraway of Cummin Annis Fennel Carrot Millet or Hirse Juniper Berries and Bay-berries Camomil Dill Rue Calaminth Marjoram as for example Take Seeds of Caraway Fennel and Cummin of each one ounce Rue Calamint and Camomile flowers of each one handful and half Millet seed three ounces then make a little bag or two which throughly moisten in warm Wine and apply them by turns one after the other Or Take of Rue and Betony of each one handful Parietary half a handful boyl them in Ley until they be soft and bruise them then add pouder of Camomile flowers and Bean Meal of each two ounces boyl them and make a Cataplasm Or Take Oyl of Rue and Camomile of each one ounce the destilled waters of Caraway Fennel Cinnamom of each half a scruple a little Wax and make an Vnguent Chap. 42. Of Tumors proceeding from the solid parts falling down into or resting upon some other parts in general THere remaineth now to be spoken of the last kind of Tumors which the solid and living parts excite For these if out of their own proper place they fal down into another place or else rest and lie thereon they then elevate the parts incumbent and more especially the skin and so by this means they excite a Tumor or Swelling But now the Bones are those that principally do this For these if in either their disjoyntings they fal out of their proper places or seats or if being broken they change their scituation they then lift up the part incumbent into a Tumor But there is no need that we speak any thing in special and particularly touching these kind of Tumors For like as they proceed from and depend upon disjoyntings dislocations and fractures so they are by them wel known and these being cured they vanish And hither likewise belongeth Gibbosity touching which we have already spoken in our second Book of the Practice of Physick Part 2. Chap. 21. There is likewise mention made by Galen in his Book of Tumors Chap. 14 15. and 14. of the Method of Physick Chap. 17. of a peculiar sort of Tumors arising from the Bones and this he calleth Exostosis you may cal it Exossatio to wit Emmencies and standings out of the Bones and especially those of the Temples and in other parts also but as touching these in referred unto Nodi and Cornua Tumors above propounded Chap. 38. there is no need at al that we speak any thing further here in this place Furthermore there are Tumors oftentimes excited by the soft parts moved out of their places and falling down And hither belongeth that kind of Tumors that the falling forth of the Vvea causeth of which we have already treated in our first Book Part 3. Sect. 1. Chap. 25 Hernia or Rupture of the Intestines of which likewise above in the third Book Part 2. Sect. 1. Chap. 6. and the Umbilical or Navel Hernia touching which also we h ve spoken sufficiently in the same place Part 10 Chap. 2. And lastly the Uteâ—ine protidency and Hernia and of this we have spoken likewise before in the fourth Book Part 2. Sect. 2. Chap. 16 and 17. There remain yet only two sorts of Tumors having their original from the living parts the one from the Arteries the other from the Veins of which the former is termed by the appellation of Aneurysma and the latter by the name of Varices which Tumors we shal speak unto and explain in the two following Chapters and with them we wil conclude and shut up this Tract of Tumors Chap. 43. Of Aneurysma ANeurysma which is so called not from the Greek word Neuron but from Anaeureumein which is as much as to dilate above which word the Latines likewise retain being not provided of a better and more proper for as for those that the Arabian Interpreters make use of such as these Hyporisma Emborisima Emborismus Aporisma they al of them have their original from the Greek word corrupted that this Aneurysma I say is a Tumor arising from an Artery preternaturally affected is a thing our of al doubt and controversie For although the Author of the Medicin Definitions saith that Aneurysma is a relaxation of a veiny little Vessel yet notwithstanding without al doubt the word Venosum is there taken for Arteriosum that is to say Veiny for Arterial since that it is a thing generally wel known that the Ancients did oftentimes cal the Arteries by the name of Veins But now what this Aneurysma is and from what cause it ariseth is a thing not altogether so manifest and evident Galen indeed in his Book of Tumors Chap. 11. writeth thus touching this Aneurysma But now saith he a mouth being made in an Artery the Affect is called Aneurysma Now this happeneth when the Artery being wounded the skin that lieth neer unto it cometh unto a Cicatrice but yet the Vlcer of the Artery still remaineth the said skin being neither conglutinated neither together brought unto a Cicatrice neither filled up with flesh And the same Galen in his fifth Book of the Method of Physick Chap. 7. hath left this written Vnless saith he flesh produced do first fill up the place that is neer about the Artery cut asunder but that there still remaineth some void and vacant place then verily there followeth that Tumor we call Aneurysma Other Greek Physitians there are that are of the same Judgment and Opinion with Galen For thus Aetius writeth touching this Anourysma Tettab 4. Serm. 3. Chap. 10. Anecurysma happeneth in every part of the Body but more frequently in the Throat where it produceth that Tumor we cal Bronchocele It befalleth oftentimes unto Women in Child-bed by reason of the violent detention and holding of their breath but it happeneth likewise in the Head nigh unto the places of the Arteries and in the rest of the body also where ever the Arteries are wounded like as when ignorant and unexpert Physitians intending and attempting to open a Vein in the Arm do withal prick and oftentimes cut asunder the Artery lying underneath it The very same is told us by Paulus Aegineta in his fourth Book and Chap. 53. The same Opinion is borrowed from the Greeks by Avicen the Arabian as appeareth by what he writeth in Quart quarti Tract 2. Chap. 16. And when the place of the Artery saith he is not from above coarctated and conjoyned close together after the solution of its continuity and that it findeth a voidness or vacuity then the thing comes even to an Emborismus which is named the Mother of Blood And a little after thus he writeth And very many times saith he the Artery is not indeed covered over with flesh but that which containeth the Artery is incarnated and covered with flesh and is coarctated and closely conjoyn'd upon it Wherefore the blood cannot have nor make any superfluous course yea somthing goeth out of it even unto the ends of the skin which it receiveth and taketh in the quantity and
busied in the removal of the distemper The Cure A Distemper sheweth that the alteration ought to be by the contraries Yet nevertheless the Cure ought so to be ordained that the ulcer as far forth as may be may not be neglected If yet nevertheless we cannot be helpful unto both of them at once and together then in this case it behoveth us to be most intent about that that is most urgent But since that the distemper hath in it the nature of a cause and that it being present the ulcer cannot be cured the distemper is therefore first of al to be removed unless it be so that with one labor and pains both the distemper may be removed and the ulcer cured If the distemper be with matter there wil then likewise be need of universals of which we shall speak further in the following Chapter The Cure of a hot distemper But as for the distemper that is without any matter at al of which we treat here in this Chapter and withal hot this hot distemper indicateth and pointeth at cooling Remedies which ought to be milder or stronger according unto the excess of the heat And albeit the ulcer requireth drying Medicaments yet nevertheless in regard that the very heat it self by consuming the humors doth render the ulcer more dry we must therefore make use of the milder and gentler sort of dryers but yet notwithstanding these ought withal to be such as are likewise endued with an astringent power that so the flux which the heat is wont easily to excite may be inhibited and restrained Moreover since that the heat is wont to produce pain let the Medicaments therefore be such as have in them a power withal of mitigating pain or at least such as are altogether free from any such faculty of exciting pain and therefore let them be such as want the drying and abstersive power Wherefore those Medicaments are useful and proper that are made of the Juyce and Water of Roses of Plantane Endive Vinegar Saunders Bole-armenick Nightshade burnt Lead Cadmia Sugar of Saturn Oyl of Roses Turpentine Plantane Water often washed Or else let there be administred the Unguent of Roses the cooling Unguent of Galen the Unguent of Ceruss of Nightshade the Santaline Unguent and the white Unguent As for instance Take Oyl of Roses Turpentine Rose water or Plantane water often washed of each one ounce Barly meal as much as wil suffice and make a Liniment Or Take Lead burnt and Pompholyx both of them washed of each one dram and half Oyl of Roses and Violets of each one ounce and half Wax a sufficient quantity make herewith an Vnguent The Cooling Medicaments may not only be imposed upon the very Ulcer it self but likewise upon the parts that lie nigh unto it and round about it And therefore we may not only anoynt those parts with the aforesaid Unguents but we may likewise impose the said Unguents upon them with a Swath-band that hath been first wâ— in the Juyce of Plantane Lettice or Nightshade or the Decoction made of Myrtles of Pomegranate rindes Pomegranate flowers Saunders Plantane Bolearmenick and the like adding unto the Decoction a sufficient quantity of sharp and sowr Wine The hot Distemper being removed the Ulcer as it is wont to be done is to be cured with Sarcoticks which yet notwithstanding ought to be less hot and dry lest that the hot distemper be called back again The Cold Distemper of the Ulcer requireth heating Remedies The Cure of a cold distemper such as are the Oyl of St. Johns wort Oyl of Spiknard of the Flowerdeluce of Camomile of Rue of Dill the Sirup and Honey of Roses Rosin of the Fir Tree of the Larch Tree the Spirit of Wine the Cerote of Betony And indeed Liniments and Unguents made out of these are imposed upon the Ulcer it self But externally and upon the neer adjoyning parts there are to be imposed Fomentations made and prepared together with a strong and generous Wine of the Decoction of Sage Hysop Wormwood Organy Rue Mints Bay Leaves and Camomile flowers or else let the said parts be anoynted al over with those hot Remedies even now mentioned or else let the Cerote of Betony be laid thereon A dry Distemper requireth moysteners The Cure of a dry Distemper And here water a little warm is of good use if with it the Ulcer or rather the parts neer unto the ulcer be besprinkled or fomented For albeit Hippocrates in his Book of ulcers teacheth us that we ought not to moisten universal ulcers unless it be with Wine and further addeth that what is dry cometh neer unto that that is found and that that is moist cometh not nigh unto it and although Galen in his third Book of the Method of Physick and Chap. 4. and in his first Book of the Composit of Medicaments according to the kinds and Chap. 6. writeth that no moistening Medicament is fit and convenient in the Cure of ulcers and least of all Water yet nevertheless these things are altogether to be understood of an ulcer as an ulcer for the which Moisteners are no waies useful and proper But if there be conjoyned with the ulcer a dry Distemper that hindereth the Cure thereof then the Cure of the ulcer being as it were left for a while we ought to apply Remedies unto the dry Distemper until such time that we find that the part affected hath recovered its pristine due temper And lastly The Cure of a moist Distemper a Moist Distemper sheweth us that drying Remedies must be made use of And because that an ulcer doth otherwise require drying Medicaments therefore the Sarcoticks that we here make use of ought to be stronger than in a simple ulcer and such are the Roots of sweet Cyperus or English Galangal Hoâ—ehound the Spume or fâ—oth of Silver burnt Lead Chalcitis the drossie scales of Iron and Brass and such like out of which Medicaments are to be provided fitting and proportionable unto the greatness of the distemper of every ulcer For by how much the moister the ulcer is by so much the more forcibly and strongly drying ought the Remedies that are required to be And on the Contrary if the ulcer be but little or nothing moist then the Remedies that we administer ought to be more mildly and gently drying which is done by adding unto the stronger sort of them Oyl Rosin and Wax For by how much the more there is of these added unto the former drying Medicaments by so much the more is their drying faculty and power abated and weakned and by how much the less by so much the more strong and entire doth their drying faculty remain The ulcer may first of all be washed for the cleansing away the filth and nastiness thereof with Wine or Posca in which Astringents and Dryers such as are sweet Cyperus Root St. Johns wort Wormwood Roses Betony and Sage have been boyled after this some of the aforesaid Medicaments may
the flowing humors such is likewise the diversity and variety of the Tumors that are excited to wit an Inflammation an Erysipelas Oedema and Cancer But what humors they are that excite those Tumors hath been above declared where we spake of Tumors Signs What kind of Tumor this is and what danger it produceth and threateneth appeareth likewise sufficiently from the places alleadged neither is there any need at all that we repeat any thing here of what was there said The Cure The way Means and Method of Curing it was there likewise declared which is yet nevertheless here in such manner to be instituted that the Ulcer may not in the least be neglected If therefore either the Blood offend in its quantity and overgreat abundance or else if vitious humors abound in the body these are first of all to be evacuated In the next place regard is to be had to the very part affected After this Medicaments are to be applied unto the place affected which may either discuss the humor that is the Cause of the Tumor or else convert it into Pus And therefore in an Inflammations there ought to be applied a Cataplasm made of Quinces boyled with the Pouder of Myrtle or of boyled Lentiles with the Meal or flour of Barly Pomegranate rinds and red Roses In the augmentation of the Ulcer there must be added Camomile flowers and Bean meal In the State Mallows Marshmallows the meal of Linseed and of Fenugreek As Take Barley meal two ounces the pouder of Camomile flowers one ounce the meal of Linseed and of Fenugreek of each six drams and make a Cataplasm If the Tumor tend toward a Suppuration the Suppuration is then to be holpen on with a Cataplasm of Mallows Mashmallows Linseed Fenugreek and Wheat and other such like Ripeners As Take Mallows Marshmallows of each one handful boyl them in Water until they be soft and then bruise them well When they are bruised then add of the flour of Linseed and Fenugreek of each one ounce Wheat flour half an ounce Swines fat and Oyl of Roses of each one ounce and Mingle them If an Erysipelas be joyned together therewith externally and in the neer adjacent places those Medicaments are to be imposed that we have above propounded in the first Part and Chap. 7. touching an Erysipelas There is here very usefully imposed upon the external parts the water of Elder flowers and Night shade We add this only that somtimes it so happened that as in an Erysipelas if it be not rightly Cured and if such things shal be rashly and unadvisedly administred that obstruct the Pores so that the humor can by no means pass forth nor be dissipated or that there be caused an over great asslux of humors Pustules oftentimes yea and greater blisters and bladders are excited in the affected part out of which when they are broken there issueth forth a warry Sanies and the part is afterward exulcerated and unless it be rightly handled the Affect soon degenerateth into long continuing and malignant Ulcers especially in the Thighs yea and oftentimes into a very Gangrene it self Which if it should change so to happen it wil then be very requisite to make use of Coolers Driers and Astringents together As Take Platane Leaves one handful flowers of red Roses half a handful boyl them to a softness and then let them be bruised when they are bruised and passed through a Hair-sieve add of Barley meal one ounce and half the pouder of Pomegranate flowers half an ounce with the oyl of Roses make a Cataplasm That that is here especially useful and profitable is the Unguent Diapompholyx unto which if you please you may yet further add some Sugar of Saturn If the Tumor be cold then such a like Cataplasm as this may be imposed Take the Leaves of Mallows Marshmallows of each one handful and boyl them in Ley unto a softness and then bruise them wel then add the pouder of Marshmallow root one ounce and half Camomile flowers ten drams Oyl of white Lillies as much as wil suffice and so make a Cataplasm If a Cancer be joyned with the Ulcer there can then be no other Cure more fit and proper then that we have already propounded touching an ulcerated Cancer The rest of what might here be spoken touching these may be seen if they be sought for in the first part touching Tumors Chap. 7. Of proud flesh growing forth in Ulcers IT happeneth oftentimes that in Ulcers there is found proud flesh and such as groweth forth further then what is fitting which Malady the Greeks term Hypersarcosis which whensoever it happeneth it hindereâ—h that the Ulcer cannot possibly be shut up with a Cicatrice The Causes Now this happeneth either from the abundance of blood that floweth unto the part affected or else by reason that the Sarcotick Medicaments that had been administred were overweak and less drying then what was fit If the former of these be the Cause then the flesh it self wil be in a right temper only there wil be too much thereof If overmuch flesh proceed from the latter of the two Causes then the flesh wil not be sound and solid but loose and Spungy The Cure As for what concerneth the Cure if the first happen fasting and spareness of Diet is then to be enjoyned unto the sick Person and dry Medicaments are to be imposed But if the flesh begin to grow proud by reason of the use of Sarcotick and detersive Medicaments that were in their own Nature overweak then we ought to make use of the stronger sort of Detersives and such as produce a Cicatrice and if there be occasion even septick Medicaments likewise And such are a Spunge burnt dry Liniments imposed the rind of Frankincense Galls Aloes Tutty and burnt Alum And indeed in the Toes when by reason of the compression of the excrescent Nails the flesh beginneth to be luxuriant so that a man can neither put on his Shoes not go without pain then burnt Alum alone sprinkled thereon wil take away the said flesh The stronger Medicaments are the rust and scouring of Brass Chalcitis Mercury precipitate Mercury sublimate And therefore whensoever there is need but of litttle drying then let there be imposed dry Liniments or else such as have been soaked and wel wet in this following Decoction Take Galls the rinds of Frankincense and Mastick of each one dram Flowers of red Roses Pomegranate flowers and Rue of each half a handful Alum two drams boyl them al in Wine Or Take Galls Pomegranate rinds a Spunge burnt of each alike and make a Pounder to be strewed thereon There is more especially useful this green water following which being besprinkled upon the luxuriant flesh or else imposed thereon by Liniments it taketh away the said flesh without any pain at all and generateth a Cicatrice The Green Water Take Alum Crude and Green of each two drams boyl them in eighteen ounces of Wine until a fourth part be wasted
Vniversals and a special regard had unto the whol body we coming unto the cure of an Vlcer in one that was extreamly afflicted therewith found in regard that it was sordid and foul and hollow and sinuous that it wanted cleansing and filling up But in regard that the Cavity could not be filled up without first cleansing the Vlcer therefore the Vlcer was first of al to be cleansed and purified for an Vlcer can neither be filled up nor agglutinated unless it be pure and clean as Galen tels us And therefore to cleanse away the thin Ichorous excrements and impurities with which the Vlcer was extreamly pestered we proceeded in the use of many several Remedies stil proceeding from the weaker unto the stronger Take the Decoction of whol Barley one quart Honey of Roses six ounces mingle them and make an injection thereof into the inside of the Vlcer with a straight Syringe or injection pipe this without any mordacity at al cleanseth and washeth away the filth and pollutions of those thin ichorous excrements of any Vlcer But when we had discovered that there was present much both thick and sordid Sanies we then found that there was great need of a stronger cleansing And thereupon we made use of this other stronger and more prevalent Remedy to wit mingling therewith the aforesaid Aegyptiack Unguent and withal mingling a smal proportion of Aqua vitae viz. Two ounces Somtimes and after some certain daies when we had made use of this second Decoction and yet had not sufficiently gained our desire as touching the detersion and cleansing of the Vlcer we then thought good to make use of this notable and effectual Injection Take Lignum Sanctum poudered very smal and the bark of the same Wood of each two ounces long Aristolochy Centaury the less Wormwood Agrimony Horstail Olive Leaves Myrtle Leaves Pimpernel and the greater consound of each one handful the rinds of Frankincense Myrrh and Sarcocol of each half an ounce sweet scented red Wine tree pints Honey scummed four ounces let there be a decoction of them al of the straining make an injection within the Vlcer at the very time of injection add thereto one ounce of the best Aqua vitae for every dose or as oft as you administer the Decoction Where by the way this is worthy your taking notice of and we then found it by observation that the Aqua vitae together with the aforesaid Decoction is most powerful and most efficacious in cleansing sordid Vlcers that are without biting and in throughly drying of them and in promoting the agglutination and sodering thereof But if together with the aforesaid Decoction you add of the best Aqua vitae one quart and so destil them in a Glass Alembick in Balneo Mariae there is from thence a most admirable Liquor to be extracted and drawn forth both for the cleansing of al sordid and hollow Vlcers as also for the agglutinating and closing of them up which we at that time frequently found by experience For truly great and admirable is the power and efficacy of Aqua vitae in the cleansing and glewing together again as it were of Vlcers and especially those of the Nervous parts as we then discovered by dayly experience and observation so that we know nothing that is better for that purpose But when the time was come that we thought fit to restore in the Vlcer the flesh that was lost we then made use of this other injection the virtue and faculty whereof is both moderately to cleanse and to fill up the Cavity with flesh whereupon it may deservedly be stiled a Sarcotick Remedy Take Plantane Leaves two handfuls Agrimony Herb Robert Cinquefoyl Leaves of each one handful the tops of Wormwood in number three of both the Consounds Horstail Ceurach or Spleenwort St. Johns wort of each half a handful Betony one handful make a Decoction in water in the end of the Decoction add of red astringent Wine one quart the Leaves of red Roses and Myrtle Leaves whol Barley of each two pugils or smal handfuls take of the straining two quarts unto which add Beaumeal one ounce of the bitter Vetch Orobus half an ounce Frankincense Mastich Sarcocol Rosin of the Pine-tree of each one ounce Myrrh round Aristolochy of each six drams Florentine Flowerdeluce half an ounce Honey of Roses four ounces mingle them and of this Liquor make an injection within the Vlcer for it fitly cleanseth and generateth flesh as we may perceive by the Nature of the Ingredients and so the event taught us After the injection within the Vlcer we then very commodiously made use of this following Vnguent with tents Spleen-like long Plaisters c. Take Juyce of Plantane four ounces Agrimony two ounces Wormwood one ounce â—ed Wine four ounces Oyl Omphacine of Roses one pint boyl them together unto the consumption of the Wine and the Juyces in the end thereof adding of Bean meal two ounces and an half of the bitter Vetch Orobus one ounce and half of Frankincense Mastick Sarcocol Rosin of the Pine-tree of each one ounce Choyce Myrrh Flowerdeluce of Florence and round Aristolochy of each half an ounce Turpentine washed in white Wine three ounces Honey scummed four ounces Wax as much as wil suffice make an Vnguent with the which after that we had caused Liniments to be filled we then ordered and appointed them to be imposed upon the part affected After the cleansing of the Vlcer was perfectly finished we then with very good success made use of this Sarcotick Pouder likeswise within the Vlcer Take Elect and choyce Aloes two drams Frankincense the Rinds of the same Myrrh and Sarcocol of each one dram Roots of the Florentine Flowerdeluce four scruples make of al these a most smal and sine Pouder and apply it unto the hollow Vlcer to fill up the Cavity thereof But we likewise after those aforesaid Remedies thought good to make use of a drying Fomentation fitted for the Vlcer and such as was very requisite and proper for the producing of the Cicatrice Take the Leaves of Plantane two handfuls Wormwood half a handful the Leaves of the Olive of the Mastick or Lentisk Tree the tops of the Bramble bush of each one handful the Flowers Leaves of Betony half a handful the Flowers of Camomile Melilote St. Johns-wort Stichados Cassidony or French Lavender red Roses Rosemary flowers the Leaves and Grains of Myrtle of each one handful boyl al these in a sufficient quantity of Water and add in the end of red astringent Wine one pottle make a Fomentation herewith for the part affected and apply it twice a day But when as this had first of all appeared plainly to be less effectual than was expected and not to be sufficiently helpful we then made use of this other that followeth Viz. Take Centaury the less one handful red Roses one pugil and an half Myrrh grosly poudered three drams Roch Allum one ounce boyl them all together in thick red Wine
thereof that they term Lac Virgineum or Virgins Milk Or Take of the Egyptiack Vnguent half an ounce Sublimate half a dram Ley one ounce Rose-water two ounces Plantane Water four ounces and then let them boyl a little The green Water above mentioned and described is likewise very useful But yet nevertheless if the narrowness and depth of the Fistula hinder the fit application of these Medicaments as for the most part it so falleth out then the said Fistula is either wholly to be opened or else the Medicaments are to be injected even unto the very bottom thereof When you have a mind to open the Fistula then let the searching Instrument be first of al conveyed thereinto and so let it be opened upon the said Instrument But if it be not thought fit to open the whol Fistula then Medicaments are to be injected and these must be either liquid or dry The liquid are injected by a Funnel or Squirt and they are to be washed with Ley Mulsum Sea-water Lime-water the Water of hot Baths Aqua vitae or the Spirit of Wine of which last this is by the way to be observed that if it be mingled together with other convenient Medicaments it is then of singular use and benefit in the cleansing and drying of sordid Ulcers as we may see in Valeriola his fourth Book Observat 10. and in his fifth Book Observ 1 7 8. But the dry are made into a Pouder and blown into the Ulcer by a Quil put into the mouth of the Fistula especially if the Fistula be but short and within the flesh but if it be long it may likewise be opened on the opposite part that so on both sides the Medicament may be injected Where this is not to be passed over in silence touching which we likewise gave you notice before in the Cure of Sinus that we use our utmost endeavor that the orifice of the Fistula may be open downward toward the Inferior parts that so the Humors may the more freely flow forth or if it be not open then in that very place the Fistula is to be opened unless there be some great and weighty impediment to hinder the same The opening of a Fistula But when notwithstanding al the Medicaments the Fistula yieldeth not neither giveth place at al unto the most prevalent Remedies that have or can be administred and that somtimes in this case the operation of the hands bringeth more assistance help and benefit we are somtimes likewise to betake our selves unto the Iron Incision Knife and the fire it self To wit the whol Sinus is to be opened which yet nevertheless it wil not be safe for us to attempt in those Fistula's that reach unto the great Arteries or the Nerves or the Tendons or the Membrane that girdeth in the Ribs or any other parts that are of the like Nature with these But whensoever this opening shal be judged fit and feasible the Sinus being then first of al searched by the Probe or by some Liquor cast into it the whol such as it is may be opened The Fistula being opened the callous hardness ought either with Medicaments or the edg of a Pen-knife or a Razor to be drawn forth even so far until we come unto the good and sound flesh which may be perceived not only by the color but even likewise from the blood and the sense of pain The same kind of Callus if it be extraordinary hard may most chiefly be taken away with a red-hot Iron this being done as with most speed so with the least sense and feeling of pain But nevertheless the â—iâ—e doth so terrifie and affright people that few or none wil admit of this Remedy But yet in the mean time while these things are in doing whether it be by Caustick Medicaments or by the fire-hot Iron or by the fire it self the part is al the while to be wel guarded round about with some one or other Defensive Cooler and Repeller lest that upon the exciting of pain an Inflammation should be raised The Fistula being thus throughly dried and burnt we are then to make use of some mitigating Medicament and such as may loosen and cast off the crustiness thereof But if the Fistula reach unto and end in a bone this so soon as it is discovered by the Section we must with al care and diligence pare and scrape away whatsoever we find to be corrupted and black in the said bone and this indeed must be but only in the very superficies of the bone for if the rottenness hath further corrupted the said bone then the scaly corrupted part thereof is to be cut forth with a Wimble unless it fal forth of its own accord but if the rottenness shal have penetrated even unto the marrow of the bone then that that is corrupted is to be taken out with the Cizers that are for that purpose But lastly if the Bone be wholly corrupted then al the whol bone is to be taken forth which may indeed be done in smal bones but it cannot be so done in others The bone being now purged those things are afterward to be administred that are called Incarnatives viz. Such Medicaments as generate and breed flesh Unto which if the Fistula give not place it is then a sure sign that as yet al that that was corrupted is not wholly taken away The Fistula is thereupon to be opened deeper and the bone to be scraped with al the utmost diligence and care that may be and then it must be further cleansed But if the Fistula wil not yet after al his be cured we may without al doubt conclude that it hath penetrated so deep into the body that it is altogether impossible to find out the end bottom thereof And therefore the whol business is then to be committed and left unto Nature which yet nevertheless we may likewise assist and help with Medicaments for which end and purpose Nicholaus the Florentine prescribeth this following which as he saith wil both draw forth the bones that are broken and corrupted eat through the naughty putrefied flesh and heal the Fistula Take Salt torrefied by the fire Tartar and Agarick let them be made into a very fine Pouder and then this Pouder being tempered together with Honey let it be imposed upon the Fistula The Callus being now removed and quite taken away if there be any thing sordid and foul yet left remaining we must then make use of Detersive and Sarcotick Medicaments For which end Pimpernel Golden Rod Centaury the less the Root of Aristolochy and the like are to be administred Take Turpentine washed in the Spirit of Wine three ounces the Juyce of Smallage three drams Pimpernel half an ounce Honey of Roses strained one ounce and half let them boyl until welnigh the one half of the Juyces be wasted away Afterwards add of round Aristolochy one dram the meal or flour of Lupines three drams Myrrh one dram mingle c. Which said
thin there is no unsavory and stinking smel neither in the Vlcer nor in its Tumor There is no Inflammation the pain is but little and moderate nothing creepeth therein and therefore it bringeth along with it no great danger yet however it is not easily cured There it somtimes a thin Cicatrice brought all over it but this is again soon broken and the Vlcer renewed It happeneth most especially in the Feet and in the Thighs The same Celsus seeing that he maketh no mention of Telephian Ulcers it is not to be doubted but that he thought them to be the same with the Chironia as likewise Paulus Aegineta doth when in his fourth Book and 26. Chap. he thus writeth Inveterate Vlcers saith he and such as hardly admit of a Cicatrice some cal them Chironia as though they needed a Chiron himself to heal them others there are that cal them Telephia because that Telephus continued long troubled with such a like Vlcer Those that think that both the Chironium and the Telephium Ulcers consist not so much in their corrosion as in this that they are both of them malignant and contumacious so that they are wont to continue with the sick persons even unto their old age these dissent from Galen who in the second Book of the Method of Healing Chap. 2. and 14. of the said Method Chap. 17. thinketh that Phagedaena consisteth in erosion and that Chironium and Telephium are a species hereof Where we must know as Galen acquaints us in his Commentary upon the sixth of the Aphorism Aphor. 45. that al Ulcers that become greater and worse the Ancients called al these Ulcers Phagedaenae and if in this manner we take Phagedaenae then Chironia and Telephia may be called a Species or lâ—nd of Phagedaena But there are some certain of the latter Writers that have endeavered to distinguish them giving unto each of them a proper and peculiar appellation and some of these they cal Chironia others of them they term Telephia and a third sort Phagedaenae So that Phagedaena being taken for a corroding Ulcer is one while the Genus of Chironium and Telephiuns Ulcers and another while a certain determinate Species of a corroding Ulcer differing from Chironium and Telephium which to wit besides the skin eateth through the flesh it self and yet nevertheless is not altogether so malignant as Chironium or Telephium or the Cancer To wit Telephian Ulcers are the same with Chironia so called from Telephus who was a long time afflicted with such an ulcer And what Galen in the fourth Book of the Composition of Medicaments according to their kinds Chap. 4. hath written touching Chironia to wit They cal saith he those Chironian Vlcers that are not meanly and indifferently malignant or contumacious but such as are so in the highest degree The same is likewise to be taken and understood of the ulcers Telephia The Causes Now such like Ulcers have their original from a Melancholy humor having some though not much black Choler mingled together with it Signs Diagnostick Such like Ulcers are known in that they have their lips il colored and for the most part they are red and itching and although the Ulcer be never so lightly and gently handled or wiped yet there is a pain perceived the parts lying round about it swel up and the Ulcer is from day to day dilated and not only the skin but the flesh likewise that lieth under it is eaten through Prognosticks Every sort of these Ulcers is Contumacious and hard to be cured as we told you before The Cure As touching the Cure Universals being premised and the body emptied of the vitious humor and a fit course of Diet prescribed there are to be applied unto the Ulcer Medicaments that are compounded of such things as are cold and dry astringent and withall Dicussive and such are Plantane Nightshade the tops of the Black-berry or Dog-berry bush the Flowers of Roses Cypress Nuts Pomegranate flowers and rinds Mastick the bark of Frankincense burnt Lead Litharge and the like And therefore in the first place let the Ulcer be washed and fomented with this or the like Decoction Take Plantane one handful Flowers of red Roses Pomegranate flowers and Cypress Nuts of each half an ounce Myrtle berries Pomegranate rinds Sumach of each three drams Alum burnt half an ounce boyl them in Water and wash the Vlcer wel therewith Or Take the Juyce of the Bramble Plantane Nightshade Shepherds-staff of each four ounces the whites of six Eggs Alum four ounces destil them in a Leaden Alembick Let the Ulcer be washed and fomented with this Water and let the parts likewise that lie neer unto it be anoynted over with some Defensive After the Ulcer is thus washed let the Unguent Diapompholyx be laid thereon as also the white Camphorate Unguent and the Unguent de Minio Or Take Tutty prepared half an ounce burnt Lead Ceruss washed of each an ounce let them be wel mingled together in a Leaden Mortar pouring in unto them by little and little the Juyce or water of Plantane and make hereof a Mass afterwards add of Bolearmenick three drams Oyl of Roses and Wax of each as much as will suffice and make an Vnguent More of these like Medicaments shal be declared in the Chapter following Chap. 15. Of the Ulcer Phagedaena Phagedaena what it is ANd because as we have told you there is likewise mention made of Phagedaena among the Ulcers we shal therefore here in this Chapter explain it and shew you what it is It is so called from the Greek word Phagein from its Eating and this whether Tumor or Ulcer hath received its name from eating through and corroding because it eateth through the parts lying neer unto it And indeed it is properly an Ulcer But yet nevertheless in regard that the Lips of the Ulcer strutting forth with black Choler are lifted up into a Tumor it is therefore by some referred unto Tumors and there is mention hereof made by Galen in his Book of Tumors Chap. 14. But we wil treat here of it among Ulcers But yet nevertheless as touching its name this is to be noted that it is not alwaies taken in one and the same signification For somtimes as Galen tels us in Epidem 6. Comment 3. Text 37. Phagedaena signifieth an appetite unto and eating of much meat and hence by the Author of the Medicinal Definitions it is defined to be a Constitution in which Persons having an appetite unto much Food and devouring much thereof are not able to retein and keep it but when they have cast it up they again desire more and in this manner it is also defined by Aurelianus in the third Book of his Chronic. Chap. 3. So that Phagedaena being taken in this manner and in this sence is nothing else but that we cal the Dog-like appetite And therefore Pliny in his Book 20. Chap. 5. 13. and in his Book 30. Chap. 9. and Book 35. Chap. 13.
often washed in Rose-water and with the Oyl of Roses make a Liniment Or Take Oyl of Lin-seed Oyl of Olives of each one ounce and half Salt half an ounce the Whites of two Eggs Mingle them c. Or Take May Butter unsalted Venice Sope and Varnish of each a like quantity Mingle them c. Or Take Oyl of Roses three ounces Camphire three drams the Whites of three Eggs and mingle them Or Take the Juyce of Onions three ounces Oyl of Roses fresh Butter the fat of a Hog of each one ounce Lime washed in Rose water half an ounce the Mucillage of Quince seeds extracted with Rose-water one ounce a little Turpentine and make a Liniment Or Take the middle Rind of green Elder one ounce and half the juyce of the first shoots of Elder one ounce Oyl of Linseed and Roses of each six drams Varnish and Hogs Fat of each one ounce Wax one ounce and half Frankincense pulverized one ounce boyl them a little while in Water and when they be cooled gather the fat together and make use thereof instead of an Vnguent Of Lime often even twelve times washed and the former water alwaies thrown away there may be made many Unguents very good against Burnings for either it is mingled with fresh Butter or Oyl of Roses or Oyl of St. Johns wort and somtimes there are other things added as the Mucilage of Quince Seeds of Fleawort the white of an Egg and white Wax These things are likewise very good Take the Juyce of the middle rind of the Elder one ounce and half Cream of Milk one pint boyl them to a Just consistence and then add of the Mucilage of Quince Seeds the extracted water of Nightshade unsalted Butter and Ceruss of each half an ounce mingle them and make an Vnguent Or Take Oyl of Linseed four ounce new Wax two ounces whites of Eggs as much as wil suffice mingle them over the fire and make an Vnguent For the healing of all kind of Burnings this is likewise very prevalent Take Oyl Olive one part whites of Eggs two parts let them be shaked together with all exactness and care and throughly mingled together that so a white Vnguent may be made thereof with the which the burnt place is oftentimes every day to be anoynted wiâ—h a Capons Feather even until the Crust shal fal off of its own accord neither is there here any External ligature to be made use of Ambrose Parry in his Parisian Nosocomium writeth that this following hath been made use of with very good success Take Lard small shred one pound let it melt in Rose water and then let it be strained through a thin Linen Cloth let it be washed four times in Plantane water or some other convenient water and afterward add the Yelks of three new-laid Eggs and so make an Vnguent Or Take Crawfish as many as you please bruise them to pieces alive in a Mortar and afterwards take new fresh Butter make it boyling hot and then scum it whilest it is yet hot cast in the mashed Crawfish and boyl them until they wax a little red afterward strain it and let this Vnguent be kept for use for it is singularly good Omnibonus Ferrarius in his fourth Book of the Art of Curing Infants and Chap. 25. commendeth this that followeth as a rare secret and such as he himself had oftentimes made tital of with very good and happy success although the Pustules were already raised Viz. Take the whites of two Eggs Oyl of Roses two ounces Rose water one ounce Mingle them together exactly Afterwards let a white linen Cloth or silk that is very thin woven being first throughly wet and soaked in that Liniment be laid upon the burnt part and not at all taken off untill the Malady be healed but only let the Linen Cloth be again anoynted over and wel wet with the said Liniment twice or thrice every day After the fourth day is past in the place of the Whites of Eggs take the Yelks of the same and continue the use hereof untill there be seen to appear the breeding of a new Scars-skin and then with a pair of Cizers let the little Cloth be from day to day cut off by some and some where it shall appear that this new Scarf-skin is generated until at length the whole Cloth be cut away which when it is wholly taken away there will appear no sign or mark at all of any hurt or burning Or Take the middle rind of the Elder as much as you wil boyl it in the Oyl of Olives when it is strained add of Ceruss two parts burnt Lead and Litharge of each one part Mingle them exactly in a Leaden Mortar And yet nevertheless this is to be observed touching al Unguents that they ought to be so ordered that they may not stick over stifly and too close unto the part but so that they may easily be cleansed and removed Neither indeed wil these kind of Ulcers admit of a strong and exact cleansing but they must only be wiped clean by putting a fine thin and soft Linen Cloth upon the part and so cleansing it from its filth and purulency But if the Unguents stick too close they then cause much pain unto the Party and much trouble to the Physitian in his cleansing away of the filth and impurities If the Blisters or Pustules be elevated and yet notwithstanding the Malady never a whit more grievous than before they are not then immediately to be opened for if they be presently opened by reason of the Skins being made naked and bare there wil a pain be excited and the Cure wil be the longer ere it be wrought But at length on the third day when the new Scarf-skin beginneth to be formed and bred then they are to be opened but this opening must not be long in doing lest that the humor within conteined be made the sharper and so it corrode and eat through the Skin Unto this first degree there belongeth for the most part Burning by Gun-pouder for it there be greater store of the Gun-powder the hurt wil be so much the more vehement that burning that happeneth by means of Gun-powder which oftentimes hath this peculiar unto it that some Corns of the said Powder wil remain and stick fast in the Skin of the Face and there cause a great deformity Which if it so chance for otherwise if the part be only hurt by the flame of the said Powder and that there be no Corns thereof driven into and fixed in the Skin it is then to be healed and cured like as other Burnings forthwith the Corns of Powder are to be drawn forth with a Needle or some other Instrument fit for the purpose but if they cannot be al of them presently drawn forth we must then permit the Pustules to be lift up for so by this means some of these grains of Powder may be the more easily drawn forth But if the Chirurgeon be not
the Evacuation of the blood and the preparation and purgation of the vitious humors ought to be enjoyned according to the Nature of the peccant humors This in the general is to be pre-cautioned that regard be had unto the Heart that it be wel and safe guarded against al the malignant vapors that exhale from the putrifying part And therefore we must here administer for the comforting and strengthening of the Heart Medicaments of Borrage Bugloss Carduus Benedictus the smallest Sorrel Bole-armenick Terra sigillata Bezoar stone Citrons Treacle Mithridate Species of Diamargarit frigid Electuarium de Gemmis Confection of Hyacinth Alkermes and the like Or Take the Water of Scabious Sorrel Borrage Roses and Carduus Benedictus of eâ—â—h one ounce and half Syrup of Sorrel Citrons and Pomegranates of each one ounce the species of Diamargarit frigid Bole armenick and Terra sigillata of each one scruple Mingle them and make a Potion Or Take Conserve of Roses two ounces of Sorrel of Borrage and of Gilliflower of each one ounce Citron rind candied Rob de Ribes of each half an ounce prepared Margarites Bole-armenick Terra sigillata the temperate Cordial Species of each one scruple Syrup of Sorrel and of Citrons as much as wil suffice and mingle them Let the Heart be likewise guarded externally with Topicks As Take the Water of Roses two ounces of Borrage and Sorrel one ounce and half of Carduus Benedictus one ounce Vinegar of Water-Germander six drams Spirit of Roses one scruple Mace Lign-aloes Rinds of the Citron of each half a dram Saffron half a scruple Camphire six grains Mingle them and make an Epithem which must be applied unto the Region of the Heart for its defence and preservation In a Gangrene likewise for the most part the sound part ought to be fenced and guarded and we must be alwaies doing our endeavor that the said part receive none of the putridness And for this end the above mentioned Defensives of Bole-armenick and Terra sigillata must be administred unto which by reason of the malignity Water Germander may be added and mingled therewith As Take Bole-armenick one ounce Terra sigillata half an ounce Harts-horn burnt and prepared one dram Camphire half a dram Wax six drams Oyl of Roses four ounces Rose Vinegar one ounce the juyce of Water Germander half an ounce the white of one Egg mingle them and make an Vnguent As Take Bole-armenick and Terra sigillata or sealed Earth of Lemnos of each half an ounce Mingle them with Vinegar of Water Germander Gulielmus Fabricius frequently made use of this that followeth Take Barley meal four ounces Bolearmenick two drams Galls Cypress Nuts Pomegranate rinds of each one dram and half with a sufficient quantity of Oxymel simplex make a Cataplasm A Gangrene from overmuch cooling But now that we may come unto the more special Cure we will in the first place declare unto you in what manner the Gangrene that hath its originall from an overgreat cooling ought to he Cured But now that it may be wel known how and in what manner al those are to be dealt withal that have been over cooled whether it be so that the Gangrene be already present and in being or that it be only neer at hand we wil from the very begiâ—â—ing briefly pursue and declare the truth of the thing The Cure of such as are over-cooled If therefore there be any one over cooled yet notwithstanding that as yet there is no Gangrene present neither is the part as yet become wan pale and cold but that there is rather a redness in the part together with a vehement and burning pain then in this case the man is not instantly to be moved neer unto the Fire but he is rather to be placed somewhat more remote from it that so by degrees the heat may recover and recollect it self But if it be so that the part be not altogether stiff and stifled with cold so that there be no longer any blood left therein then it is forthwith to be welchafed and rubbed with Snow or the overcooled members are likewise to be throughly washed with cold water upon which they wil begin by little and little to wax warm and to recover their former heat Which the Inhabitants of the Northern Climates have much in use who are wont when any Travellers are overcold stiff and almost dead therewith first of all to plunge them deep into cold water and before ever they give them any entertainment to wash and rub their Hands Feet Noses and other Members with Snow And that from the inward parts the heat may the more strongly diffuse it self unto the external parts and that all the cold may be expelled it wil be requisite to administer suppings made of Wine and to drink Wine and Treacle mingled together The aforesaid People of the Seprentrional Regions use to give their Guests when they are almost dead with cold Hydromel with the Pouder of Cinamom Cloves and Ginger and the like Spices after which they put them to bed and cause them there to Sweat For which purpose there be some that outwardly apply likewise unto the body Flagons or Stone Pots ful of hot water Afterward when the pain and the coldness are something mitigated gentle rubbings with the hands anoynted with the Oyl of Camomile sweet Almonds and Dil are to be administred and the parts are to be fomented with sweet Milk in the which there may also be boyled the Leaves and Berries of the Lawrel Rosemary Camomile Sage Organy French Lavender and the like The Decoction of Rape roots is likewise singularly useful and commonly unto those members that are pained with overcoldness they use to apply the Decoction of Rape roots that have been first frozen with cold After this we must betake our selves unto those things that are hotter such as the Oyl of Lilies of Turpentine of Wax Nettle seed Cresses But if there be not only a fear of a Gangrene but that there also be one already present and that the Member already begin to die we must then use our utmost endeavor that the heat may be preserved in the part and that from other parts it may be again called back unto it and therefore here is little or no benefit to be expected from Defensives but Scarifications are rather to be administred and the parts to be fomented with those hot Medicaments that were but even now mentioned unto which we may add Scabious water Germander the Root of Asclepias or Swallow-wort and the like Unto the parts there may be administred Treacle Mithridate Trochisques of the Viper the Ley in which Water Germander hath been boyled and Treacle Waters Secondly A Gangrene from the afflux of Malignant humors If the Gangrene hath its original from the afflux of Malignant humors or a malignant quality then by appointing a Cooling and drying Diet and by administring of Meats sauced and seasoned with Citrons Lemmons and Pomegranates and
and depraved humor by Nature her self thrust unto some Member should be able suddenly to mortifie and deaden it Certain it is that a potential Cautery of Lye out of which Sope is made doth within the space of an hour or at the utmost in two hours time mortifie that part upon which it is imposed whenas notwithstanding it is made only out of the Salt of Woods and of unslaked Lime What wonder is it therefore that some humor of the same Nature salt sharp and malignant being now separated acting a part by it self from the rest by the which it was tempered and qualified as Hippocrates tels us in his Book of the Ancient Physick should effect somewhat like unto the former Of all those that have been affected with the Scorbutick Gangrene of whom I made mention before no one ever recovered besides that Citizen that was taken with a Gangrene in the little Finger of his left Hand he himself being as I saw good cause to judg of him a Scorbutick person Now the Medicaments by which he was cured are these that follow Take of the Apoplectick Water and the Spirit of Juniper berries of each two ounces the Spirit of Wormwood and of Cherries of each half an ounce Sage water and Lavender water of each one ounce Mingle them This Water was oftentimes prepared with the which the affected part was washed or else Linen Cloaths moistened therein were laid upon the part Take Conserve Cochlear two ounces and half of Betony and Sage of each one ounce and half of the temperate Cordial Species and pleres archont of each one scruple Rob. of Juniper two drams Syrup of Betony one ounce Make an Electuary Take Conser Cochlear three ounces of Sage two ounces Species Dyaxyloaloes one dram the Candid Rinds of Citron half an ounce Rob. Juniper two drams with the Syrup of Betony make an Electuary Take Oyl of Juniper berries one ounce Oyl of Earthworms two ounces Oyl of Flowerdeluce one ounce Mingle them Take the Essence of Carduus Benedictus and of Wormwood of each two drams Cochlear half an ounce the Elixir of propriety one dram the Spirit of Water Cresses one scruple mingle them Take of Fennel root and Asparagus root of each half an ounce Pimpernel two drams the Herb Harts Tongue one handful Germander and Groundpine or Herb Ivy and Dodder of each half a handful Anise and Fennel seeds of each two drams Juniper berries two drams and half the Flowers of Bugloss and Liverwort of each one pugil Raisins cut small one ounce boyl them in Spring Water unto seven or eight ounces unto the straining ad of Sugar two ounces and half And then again let it boyl once or twice unto the Consistence of a liquid Syrup and then add of Cinnamom water half an ounce and mingle them Take Asparagus Roots and Fennel Roots of each half an ounce Pimpernel and Succory of each two drams and half the Herb Maiden-hair Agrimony Harts Tongues Germander of each half a handful Anise seed Columbines of each two drams Borrage and Bugloss flowers of each half a pugil boyl them in a sufficient quantity of Water unto half a pint unto the straining add of the whitest Sugar two ounces and again let them boyl up once or twice and make hereof a liquid Syrup unto which ad of Cinamom water half an ounce and mingle them Take the Trochisques of Capars and of Rheubarb of each one scruple and half Extract of Womwood and Gentian of each one scruple Oyl of Cinnamom two dâ—ops make Pils Take Trochisques of Rheubarb Capars Lacca of each two scruples Extract of Wormwood and Gentian of each one scruple of Spleen-wort as much as wil suffice and make Pills hereof Take Pills of Tartar with Scammony and of Rheubarb of each one scruple Extract of the Pils Aggregative half a scruple Oyl of CloveS one drop with Betony water make Pils Take the Elixir of propriety with the Juyce one dram Essent Cochlear two drams of Germander Spleenwort and Wormwood of each one dram and mingle c. Take Lawrel leaves Betony Sage and Marjoram of each two handfuls to wash the Hand withall Take Trochisques of Rheubarb and Capars of each one scruple Extract of Succory half a dram Centaury the less and Carauus Benedictus of each half a scruple Make Pills forty five Take Leaves of Betony Bay leaves Marjoram Sage Rosemary of each two handfuls Flowers of Elder and Lavender of each one handful Staechados of Aâ—abiâ— half an ounce boyl them in Wine to foment the Hand therewith Take of the Nerve Emplaster three ounces destilled Oyl of Sage one scruple of Marjoram half a scruple Mingle them and make an Emplaster Take the Elixir of propriety two scruples Essent Cochlear and of Germander of each two drams of Elecampane and Lign Aloes of each half a scruple Mingle them c. Take the Leaves of Lawrel and Betony of each two handfuls Marjoram Sage Organy of each one handful Flowers of the Arabian Staechados half an ounce boyl them in Wine for a fomentation of the Hand Take the opening Roots half an ounce Agrimony half a handful Leaves of the choycest Sene one ounce Mechoacan half an ounce Ginger one dram and half boyl them in Spring water in four ounces of the straining dissolve half an ounce of Manna and then strain it again adding thereto one ounce of Sugar and make a Syrup This Cataplasm was likewise made use of Take Bean meal one ounce Pouder of Water-Germander Rue Sage Wormwood of each half an ounce and make a Cataplasm The little Finger with that next unto it the Ring-finger was oftentimes anoynted with the Oyl of Earthworms which is made by putting the said Earthworms washed into a Glass then enclosing the Glass in a Mass of Dough bake it in an Oven and the Liquor that cometh from these baked Worms gather it together and filtrate it But for the Curing of the Ulcer in the little Finger after the Gangrene we used this Unguent Take Oyl of Bays Honey Turpentine of each two drams May Butter Gum Elemi one dram Mingle c. Another Cure A certain Noble Person having had his Foot wrung with his shoe in that very place where the hurt had bin there arose a black Pustule in the sole of the right Foot Which he not much regarding there instantly followed a Gangrene which in that place seized upon the Flesh Which so soon as it was observed the affected flesh was presently scarified and the Pustule being cut with a pair of Cizers the Aegyptiack Unguent was imposed upon the part affected After this the Defensive of Vigo was applied unto the Foot which is in this manner prepared Take Oyl of Roses Omphacine and Myrtles of each three ounces the Juyce of Plantane and Nightshade of each two ounces boyl them to the Consumption of the Juyces and then strain them Add of white Wax one ounce and half Meal of Lentiles Bean meal and Barley meal of each half an ounce
of all the Saunders of each two drams and half Bolearmenick one ounce the Berries and Leaves of Myrtle of each one dram Mingle them and make an Vnguent with the which let the part affected be anoynted Upon this Unguent there were imposed Linen Cloaths wel wet in the Water following and they were often renewed Take Barbers Ley two Quarts of Lupines grossy beaten three handfuls boyl them until the Lupines become soft let the Ley be strained and in the straining dissolve of Saffron two scruples Mingle them The Scarification of the place affected and the laying on of the Aegyptiack Unguent together with the Defensive was thrice repeated the first day the Water that was likewise applied The day following the corrupt flesh was cut forth and the same helps and Remedies administred The third day the corrupted flesh being wholly removed the following Digestive was imposed Take of pure Honey two ounces of Bean meal two drams of Choice Myrrh half an ounce the Whites of two Eggs Saffron six grains Mingle them and make an Vnguent And together with the foregoing Unguent there was likewise administred the Emplaster of Vigo such a one as this Take Bean meal the Meal of the bitter Vetch Orobus of Lentiles of Lupines of each four ounces Juyce of Wormwood six drams common Salt half an ounce Oxymel simplex as much as wil suffice boyl them over a gentle Fire and make an Emplaster The use of these Medicaments being for some daies continued the sick person was thereby perfectly cured Hitherunto touching Ulcers in general and particularly concerning the Gangrene and Sphacelus both that Species of them which we term Scorbutick as also those other that are so wel and commonly known It remaineth that in the next place we speak something of what is oftentimes amiss in the Skin Hair and Nails THE FIFTH BOOK THE THIRD PART Of the Vices of the Skin Hair and Nails SECT I. Of the Vices of the Skin Chap. 1. Of the color of the Skin changed in general and in special touching that blackness that is contracted from the Sun NATURE being very sollicitous and careful in the preservation of the health of Mans Body doth alwaies that which is for the best and therefore she expelleth the vitious humors that are heaped up in the body from the principal Members and the greater Vessels unto the more external parts and the superficies of the body from whence there arise many kinds of Tumors Tubercles and Pustules as likewise divers sorts of Ulcers as also divers kinds of spots and blemishes and changes of the color Whereas therefore we have already treated in the first and second Part of Tumors Tubercles Pustules and Ulcers and withal made mention there of the Measles smal Pox and certain other spots and blemishes as there is is to be seen we wil now handle those things that remain in this Part and withal we wil treat of the Vices that is to say whatsoever is amiss in the Hairs and Nails The changes of the color of the Skin And in the first place indeed for what concerneth the Vices and blemishes of the Skin the changes of its color are many and various First they are Universal and of the whol body as in the Cachexy Scurvy yellow Jaundice the white Feaver of Virgins commonly called the Green-sickness touching which we have elsewhere spoken Secondly they are particular and of some one part of the body as in a Suggillation Erysipelas Gutta Rosacea Impetigo Lichen Vitiligines touching al which we have already spoken in our handling of Tumors as also the blackness contracted from the burning of the Sun those spots and blemishes appearing in the faces of Women great with child as those they cal Ephelides and Lentigines which are spots and blemishes of a dark and reddish color that in their color and figure do very much resemble Lentilâ—s And moreover likewise those spots and blemishes which are contracted from the very birth and infancy touching which we are now to speak And first of al among these blemishes we wil speak somthing of that affect which they cal Ephelius that is to say heat-wheals or smal hard pushes in the face Where notwithstanding we must give you to understand as a little before we told you likewise that many of the Tubercles Spots and Blemishes of this kind although they are now with us commonly and generally wel known yet nevertheless by what names these like Affects were called by the Ancients is not so wel and sufficiently known And this appeareth even out of Celsus who in his sixth Book and Chap. 5. thus writeth The regarding of these Vari or Pimples Lenticulae or Freckles and Ephelides so as to cure them is but a meer folly and foppery saith he but yet nevertheless it is likewise a thing altogether impossible to take from Women the care they have of the beauty and handsomness of their faces Now then of those that we mentioned before the Vari and Lenticulae are commonly known although that species be somwhat more rare which the Greeks cal Phacos since that kind is a Lenticula somwhat more red and more unequal But at for the Ephelis the most are generally ignorant as not wel knowing what it is it being indeed nothing else but a certain roughness and an hardness of an ill color The rest of them are to be found no where in the body but only in the face but the Lenticulae are wont likewise to arise and appear in some other part And I am altogether of opinion that even our very ordinary Women are sufficiently acquainted with these Affects which said Affects notwithstanding viz. Vari Lenticulae and Ephelides what Affects they were with the Ancients is not sufficiently manifest If the Ephelis that Galen mentioneth in his seventh Book of the faculty of simple Medicaments be written by the Greek Letter ' η then without all doubt it hath its name from the Sun so that they are certain spots contracted from the Sun But Celsus unless it be an error and mistake of the book writeth the word with the Greek Ï‚ Ephelis and saith that it is a roughness and hardness of an evil color which wel agreeth not with those spots Eustachius Rudius in his second Tract second Book and Chap. 4. of the Affects of the external parts saith that the Greeks Ephelis is Panus and that Panus indeed may infect any part whatsoever of the body especially the Groyns the Abdomen the Back the Neck and the middle Region of the Breast but for the most part nevertheless as he writeth it defileth the very Forehead it self But in regard that Celsus reckons up the Ephelis among those Affects that never appear but in the Face we have therefore determined above in the first Part and 29. Chapter that those broad spots that appear about the Groyns Breast Abdomen Back and Neck and dye the said parts with a certain kind of duskishness that is one while somwhat greenish and another
while somthing reddish and as soon again of a color inclining to black and which are generally wel known are more fitly to be referred unto the Alphus Niger or the black Alphus And he the aforesaid Rudius doth likewise ill in calling the Ephelis by the name of Panus and his determining that Ephelis and Panus are one and the same Affect is altogether false since that out of Celsus his fifth Book Chap. 18. Pliny his twenty fourâ—h Book Chap. 4 9. and likewise from other Physiâ—ians it is very cleer that Panus is the Greeks Phygethlon and that somtimes likewise Phymata are comprehended under the name of Panus But there are some others also that neglecting the Authority of the Ancients cal those spots in the Face especially in Women by the name of Pani Hippocrates in his Book of Women that bear not Children page 245. in Foesius his Book writeth that this kind of spots is called Ephelis when he saith That those women that are with child if they have a spot in their Face as it were from the Suns burning for the most part bear female Children Where for the most part is wel added in regard that it is often observed also that Women great with Child which have born Males have had their Faces defiled with these k nd of spots so that these spots may rather be said to be a sign and token of the Conception in general than particularly of the Sex that is conceived whether it be Male or Female Whence it is that the Germans likewise cal it Kinds flecken But now whereas there is a twofold Ephelis one from causes external another from internal Causes of the latter of these we intend to treat in the Chapter following but of the former we wil speak in this present Chapter And indeed the first kind of these Ephelides is that wel known Affect Blackness from the Sun to wit that blackness which the Germans cal Sommerbradt in the Face the Hands and those other parts that are exposed unto the Sun-beams contracted from the heat of the Sun And as wel men as women are subject unto this affect but yet nevertheless more especially women as having their Skin more tender and chiefly in the Spring time For whereas in the Winter the Face was not accustomed to much heat if in the Spring it be suddenly exposed unto the Sun-beams the Skin that before was white now beginneth to wax red with a certain kind of blackness The Affect is of it self known from the Cause foregoing And the Face is not only deformed with some certain spots but the whol color thereof is changed But now this burning and blackness from the Sun may be prevented Preservation from it if the Suns Beams be turned away from the Face by Shades and other Coverings and the Hands kept covered with Gloves or both the Face and Hands anointed with the white oâ— an Egg shaken together with Rose-water or with the Mucilage of the Seeds of Quinces or of Fleawort extracted with Rose-water or Gum Tragacanth dissolved in Rose-water or else let the face be anointed with the Emulsion of the four greater cold seeds or let it be anointed with this Unguent Take Vnguent Pomarum two drams Ceruss dissolved in Rose-water one dram Mastick half a dram the Mucilage of the seeds of Fleawort one ounce Make hereof a Liniment And of these kind of Medicaments there is need most especially in the Spring time when the tender Face can very hardly be sufficiently guarded from the heat of the Sun and of the Air. The Cure But if the Face be already as it were burnt and a blackness be contracted Nature indeed of her own accord is wont in process of time to change this deformity when it draweth a new Scarf-skin upon the burnt place if in the mean time the Face be covered from the Beams of the Sun But these delaies being for the most part tedious unto women they must in al haste have their pristine color again restored unto them by the help of Medicaments And commonly women are wont to cleanse their Faces with the Leaves of the Cherry Tree while they are yet fresh and green Others of them there are that use rose-Rose-water wherein Camphyre hath been dissolved and others of them make use likewise of the Cherry-tree Gum dissolved in Vinegar whereunto they put a little Oat-meal And here likewise there is much use made of the Water of Bean flowers of Mallows and white Lilies and those that are made of the four greater cold seeds destilled with Milk Bitter Almonds are also here very useful Or Take the juyce of Plantane and of Nightshade of each one ounce Litharge of Gold and of Silver of each one dram burnt Lead half an ounce Tutty prepared six drams Camphyre half a dram Oyl of Roses and Wax as much as wil suffice and make an Vnguent Take Roots of white Lilies rosted under the Embers two drams the Root of the Herb Dragon-wort and Solomons Seal and Melons seed of each two drams the Mucilage of Fleawort seed one ounce of the Citrine Vnguent half an ounce and make an Vnguent according to art Chap. 2. Of the Ephelides in Women with Child THere is another kind of these Ephelides that happeneth more especially unto Women with Child and it hath its original from the Menstruous blood retained which in regard that for the most part from the said retention it contracteth a great deal of vitiousness is wont to excite in Women great with Child divers symptoms as likewise these spots in the Face bred from a vitious humor thrust forth thither But now and then notwithstanding Virgins and Women that are not with Child have these kind of spots breaking forth in their Faces if in the time of their monthly Menstruous flux they eat those kind of meats that as they say have in them a power of coloring such as are the Carrot Roots and the red Beets and the like which as we are taught by Experience do breed and bring forth these kind of Spots Signs Diagnostick These Ephelides in Women with Child are known in that they are dark and duskish spots appearing more especially in the Forehead and deforming it and spreading themselves both in length and breadth and oftentimes they equal in length the palm of the hand but they are void of al kind of roughness The Prognostick The Ephelides in Women are a sign of their Conception as we told you before out of Hippocrates his Tract of Women that never have Children and they are seldom or never cured and if haply they be taken away yet they soon return again and with some they continue even unto the time of their Delivery and after that they vanish and in some they likewise continue after their Delivery and in some others they also vanish before they are delivered when the Child is now become strong and vigorous like as do other symptoms that usually infest Women with Child in the beginning of
their Conception The Cure Indeed it is very requisite that the depraved humors that are the Antecedent Cause of this Affect and are wont to nourish the same should be evacuated but in regard that in Women with Child we may not safely make use of those evacuations we ought therefore to content our selves with Topical Medicaments And here there is to be commended the use of Bayberries if their rinds be taken off and then they be beaten into a pouder and so mingled with Honey and made into the form of an Unguent and the Face therewith anointed in a Bath Or Take Pouder of Lawrel Berries as much as you please and with Mushrom Water make it into the form of a Pultiss with which let the Face be anointed in the Bath Or Take Camphyre one dram Nitre two drams Mingle them with Honey and let the Face be anointed with the said mixture The Emulsion likewise that is made of the Seeds of Hemp is very useful For the spots that are in the Faces of Maidens while their Courses are upon them and whilst they yet flow Take the Juyce that is pressed forth of the root of Bugloss sliced and with it anoint the Spots Chap. 3. Of Lentigines Pimples or specks in the Face ANd hither belong likewise the Lentigines which the Germans from the color of dry Leaves cal Sommer strossen Sommer flecken and Lauf flecken and they are spots in color resembling Lentiles with the which in Women especially the Face principally and somtimes likewise the Hands Arms and upper part of the Thorax being exposed unto the Air is aspersed and overspread they somtimes standing thicker and somtimes thinner like unto so many drops as it were without any pain and trouble in some appearing indeed only in the Summer time and vanishing again in the Winter and in some likewise they keep their course from yeer to yeer The Causes But now they have their original from adust burnt blood seizing upon the Scarf-skin And this happeneth more especially in ruddy bodies that are of a Cholerick temperature and especially in the Summer time when that vapor of the blood is more burnt And hence it is that in the Winter for the most part these spots vanish but then they return again and appear in the Summer And they break forth chiefly in those parts that are exposed unto the external Ambient Air the Face the Neck the Hands and the superior part of the Thorax because that the Scarf-skin is more burnt by the Sun and the Ambient Air detaineth those burnt vapors in the Skin Platerus is of opinion that the Juyce that should nourish the hairs that are fixed in the Skin being brought unto the pores of the Skin do cause these spots For this humor saith he being first of al assimilated by them and agreeing somwhat with them in color before they are put unto the Roots of them if it be by them further dispersed any whither else into the superficies and circumference of the pores it then produceth those kind of spots and that dark and duskish color somwhat more or less inclining unto that color of the hairs that it had gotten while it was assimilated by them Which diffusion of this Juyce into the Pores proceedeth somtimes from the external heat overstrongly attracting it and withall dilating the Pores if then the Juyce nourishing the Hairs doth not only affix it self unto the roots of the Hairs but diffusing it self further also and there subsisting causeth those Dusk Dark and Brown spots more or less according to the diversity of the colour of the Skin But since that the Face wanteth Hairs it is not credible that the Juyce ordained by Nature for the nourishing of the Hair should breed such kind of spots but for the breeding of these like spots there sufficeth a portion of the adust blood degenerating as it were into a Melancholly humor Platerus also is of opinion that the overgreat Natural loosness of the Pores contributeth its furtherance so that even by reason of them the said Juyce doth not only nourish the Hairs but likewise produce these spots But I had here rather assent with Eustachius Rudius who thinketh rather that the Lentigines do arise from the thickness of the Skin and therefore because that the Cheeks are more thin than other parts therefore it is that although there come into them very many of these adust vapors yet notwithstanding they are not detained in them but are from thence gently evaporated and so the Lentigines that are in them are but few but because the Skin of the Fore-head is thicker and that the vapors are not easily received in it but being once received are the more detained there therefore the Fore-heed doth the more abound with these Lentigines or Dusky spots Signs Diagnostick These Lentigines are easily known because that they are Spots of the bigness a of Lentile of a dark brown and dusky color dispersed up and down in many drops as it were standing close and thick together and very familiar unto such as are of a red Hair and they annoy the Face the Neck the Hands and those parts that are exposed unto the Sun and the Air. The Prognostick Those Lentigines as they have in them no danger at all so for the most part they vanish in the Winter but yet notwithstanding in some bodies they alwaies return again in the Summer and in some they are Annual and return constantly from yeer to yeer The Cure Galen for these Spots commendeth the Herb Costmary with Honey and Water as also the seed of the Cabbage Bitter Almonds are likewise very useful and so is the Oyl of Eggs likewise But most effectual is the Water of great Figwort distilled out of that wel known Plant as also the Water drawn out of the flowers of the spotted Satyrion and lastly the Oyl of Tartar by draining O Take of Eldern flowers and Bean flowers of each a like proportion pour in unto them Goats Milk blood-warm Let them stand for a daies time in some cold place and afterwards let them be destilled and then Take Bean meal as much as you think fit let it be moistened with the said water and in the evening let the Face be anoynted with that mixture In the morning let the Face be washed with the water of Elder flowers and Bean flowers unto which there may be added a little Camphyre dissolved in the Spirit of Wine Or Take Honey four ounces Oyl of sweet Almonds one ounce Pouder of the Flower deluce root two drams Borax half an ounce make an Vnguent The Virgins Milk likewise as it is called is here very good and it is thus prepared Take of Litharge four ounces boyl it in three pints of the best Vinegar unto the wasting of a third part when it is cooled let it be strained through a filtring bag and afterwards Take Sal Gem three drams boyl it in cleer water unto the Consumption of a third part then strain it after
this Take of this Water two parts and of the former Vinegar one part and mingle them Or Take the Citron Vnguent new made three ounces of sweet Almonds throughly bruised and Bean meal of each one dram the bone of the Sepia fish Harts horn and Barley meal of each two drams let them be incorporated with Honey and then wel mingled together Or Take the fresh flowers of Beans as many as you think fit pour unto them a sufficient quantity of Goats Milk let them stand infusing a day and a night Afterwards let them be strained and squeezed hard and into the straining let new flowers be thrown in and so let them stand infusing again for the space of a day and a night and then let them be strained this must be five times repeated And then add of the soft pith of new Bread as much as wil suffice that it may be made like unto a Pultise and then adding thereto a little Goats Milk destil them With this Water let the Face be washed in the morning and evening There are certain things likewise very usefull that shall be propounded in the following Chapter Chap. 4. Of Cosmetical or Beautifying Medicaments BUt yet although we have hitherto in the precedent Chapters spoken touching the taking away of divers of these Skin-spots Women notwithstanding that study little else but their beauty are not herewith contented but they restlessly pursue after those things that procure unto their Faces a lustre and amiableness For their sakes therefore we wil add somthing also even of these Cosmetick or beautifying Medicaments Now these Medicaments are of two sorts some of them do only mend the obsolete dark and blackish colour of the Face and render the Skin somewhat more bright and cleer and these are by no means to be disallowed of since that they only restore unto Man or Woman that beauty which either by the injury of the Air or by any other Cause they have lost and been deprived of and withall do truly and really produce a fair and stable colour and these are called Cosmetick or be beautifying Medicaments but others there are that are only Palliative and these we call Face-sucusses because that unto the Natural colour there is likewise added an adventitious and acquired white or red colour and this is so painted on that continueth if for a while and but for a while only and deceiveth the Eyes of the Beholders We shal speak of the former sort of Medicaments alone But as for the latter sort of these Medicaments in regard that we judge it neither honest nor pious to make use of them we wil therefore say nothing at all of them but pass them over in silence But now as for what concerneth the former of these Medicaments it seemeth altogether a thing unreasonable to reject them in regard that they bring over the Face no Fucus or counterfeit painted beauty but they only restore the Natural whiteness of the body lost upon any Cause whatsoever And this is more especially allowed unto Women who because that they are in Wisdom strength of Body Fortitude and in some certain other things much inferior unto Men therefore in stead of these as the Poet Anacreon tels us Nature on Women doth bestow A Comely form and Beauteous hiew Instead of Lances Targets Shields Their Face a fair bright lustre yields Which puts on Women such a Grace That Fire and Sword to them give place And Plato in his Phaedrus saith That of all things whatsoever Beauty is the most excellent and Amiable and there he calleth a Beautifull Face a Divine Face that is to say a Face shining forth by reason of a kind form that is put upon it But the other is altogether to be rejected by Women and Sr. Cyprian writeth very truly in these words of his in his second Tract of the Habit of Virgins We ought not only saith he to admonish Virgins or Widows but I conceive that even Married Women and all others whatsoever in general are to be admonished that the Handiwork and Image of God ought by no means to be adulterated by adding thereto any yellow color or any black Powder or any kind of redness or in a word any other Medicine that corrupteth the Native Lineaments And a little after They lay wicked hands saith he upon the Work of God when as they go about to transfigure and reform that which he himself hath formed as not knowing that all whatsoever is made and wrought is the work of God but whatsoever is Changed is the work of the Devil Now the Medicaments of the former sort are such as almost all of them do very much scout and cleanse by separating from the Skin that Juyce that deformeth the same with this brown and duskish color and by alluring thereto a new Juyce that may procure unto it a bright and beautiful color Unto which there are somtimes added likewise certain Emollients which have in them a power to soften the Skin when it is hard thick and rough they also make it smoother and more especially they cause an extraordinary softness in the Hands Milk wil satisfie both these scopes and especially Asses Milk and Goats Milk Which Poppaea the Wife of the Emperor Nero being not ignorant of a Woman extreamly proud and luxurious she cause a five hundred Milch Asses alwaies to attend her whithersoever she went and in a great Tub made purposely for her to bathe in she washed her whole body in the said Milk that so it might be all over freed from wrinkles made tender and delicate and preserved white as Pliny relateth the story in his eleventh Book Chap. 41. and Book 28. Chap. 12. Cleansers are these the Roots of the greater Dragon-wort Solomons Seal great Figwort wild Cucumber white Lilies the Elder bitter Almonds Pines the four greater cold Seeds French or Kidney Beans Rice Bean meal the Meal of Cicers of Lupines Starch the White of an Egg Milk Camphyre Salt Oyl of Tartar Frankincense Myrrh the Crumbs of white Bread the Oyly Nut Ben. Of the Roots of Dragon-wort there is a certain Gersa made which is nothing else but the Dregs or Lees thereof as they commonly cal them And so also there may in the like manner be prepared such a like Faecula or Gersa out of the Roots of Solomons Seal and great Figwort And out of the Oyly Nut Ben commonly called Balanus Myrepsica there is an Oyl pressed forth that is called the Oyl of Been And likewise out of divers of these simples together that erewhile we mentioned there are made many destilled Waters and divers Compositions As Take Root of Solomons Seal Dragon-wort great Figwort of each one ounce and half of the Flowerdeluce one ounce of Bean flower two ounces Mastick one ounce Borax two drams let them be destilled Take the soft Crumb of White Bread three pound thereof the Whites of Eggs wel shaken together twelve in number Goats Milk two quarts let them be destilled Or Take
this smell arise from sweat as most frequently it doth and that strong Feat smel stinking you may cal it that is somtimes ascribed unto the whol body is properly the smel of the Arm-pits And yet notwithstanding Martial as we find it extant in his sixth Book hath this Epigram upon Thais Thais stinks worse than Fullers Pot ere stunk that lay Fur'd up to th' brim but newly burst in th' midst of th' way Worse then the lustful Goat new come from 's Mate ere stank Worse then the Dogs skin stay'd beyond great Tibers bank Worse then th' Abortive Chick that 's found in rotten Eggs Worse then the Tankard marr'd with Corrupt Sauce and Dreggs This Cheat to damp her poysonous stink with sweet Perfumes Whenas she 's stript and takes the Bath she then assumes Psilothra Perfumes Oyntments or lies hid with Chalk And thus by shifts she keeps her stink from common Talk When sh ' hath us'd all her thousand Arts and thinks all wel Yet stil she stinks and Thais doth like Thais smel Prognosticks 1. This strong and stinking smel is loathsom and very offensive to the Standers by and such as is very unfit for Conversing with others and it oftentimes rendereth the Wife unacceptable and unpleasing in the Eyes of her Husband 2. And yet notwithstanding this stinking smel is a sure sign of an overmoist Body and a Body wherein there are many moist Excrements heaped and this the body is very easily obnoxious unto in Fevers and other Diseases arising from putridness The Cure The Cure respecteth either the stink it self that may be palliated and covered by a sweet smel on the very cause of it and this is the true Cure And therefore the bodies of them that are thus troubled are in a convenient manner by Venesection if need require and Purgation to be evacuated and its overgreat humidity to be dried up And here more especially there is commended Aloes Rosate which drieth the body and powerfully preserveth it from putridness Let the Diet likewise be so ordered that it may tend toward driness and resist putridness And therefore let his Meats be sauced with Vinegar the juyce of citrons oranges rose-Rose-water Rose vinegar But there must be an abstinence from meats that are easily corrupted such as are Cucumbers Melons Musk Melons Figs and the like The overmuch use of Fish especially the softer sort thereof likewise to be avoided The Exercises of the body let them also not be neglected neither let the sleep be excessive Afterward we are wel to take notice from what part the stink exhaleth and accordingly that part is to be cleansed and washed with the Decoction of Barley Scabious Flowerdeluce Root Aloes Myrrh Guajacum wood Citron Rind Saunders Aspalathus or Thorny bush and after this a Cerote is to be imposed of Styrax Calamite Benzoin Cinnamom Cloves Myrrh and Aloes incorporated and made into a mash with Rosin and the Oyl of Lavender But seeing that before such time also at the Cause be quite taken away the said stink is troublesom and offensive unto al persons that come neer it may therefore be obscured by sweet smels and thereby be both depressed and palliated The Arm-pits therefore and the Groyns as there shal be need may be anointed with some sweet smelling Liniment or Unguent made of the Flowerdeluce Root of Florence Cinnamom Lign Aloes Cloves Gallia Moschata Styrax Calamite Oyl of Lavender or Balsam of the Citron Cloves Cinnamom or many of these mingled together adding thereto Musk and Ambar if it seem good unto you so to do Under the Arm-pits there may likewise be born sweet scented bals or an Ambar Pomander The said stinking and offensive smel is easily taken away if the Feet be every day washed with Water or Ley in which Bay Leaves the Leaves of Organy and Sage the flowers of Rosemary Roses Camomile and Flowerdeluce root are boyled or else the Feet may be washed in Wine in which Allum hath been dissolved After the washing we may likewise administer those Remedies that the Greeks cal Diapasmata which as Pliny writeth in his 13. B. chap. 2. consist of odoriserous things that are dry and they are the sprinklings of some dry Medicament that is made into a fine pouder with the which we are to rub the Feet and to sprinkle some thereof betwixt the Toes As Take Bay Leaves and Organy of each one ounce Flowers of red Roses the Florentine Flowerdeluce Root and Cypress root of each half an ounce Bean meal and Lupine meal of each two ounces Salt dried one ounce Make a Pouder The same course is to be taken if the whol body send forth a stinking smel And then frequent use must be made of Baths of the sweet smelling Herbs a little before mentioned And if the said offensive stink cannot otherwise be obscured and palliated we are then to make use of perfumed Garments sweet Bals Balsams and the like But it is better to take away the Cause of the offensive smel than to go about by sweet scents and perfumes to obscure and palliate it since that perfumes unless they be very strong they mingle themselves with the stink and are but as it were a vehicle unto it and so cause the smel to be the more unsavory Whereas the truth is that he that smels of nothing at al smels best of al. There is extant in the Physical Epistles of that famous Physitian Georgius Horstius Book 2. Sect. 10. a very memorable History of a stinking and offensive smel proceeding from the whol body where Dr. Sigismund Snitzerus writeth unto Dr. Andreas Libavius that a certain Augustane Virgin seventeen yeers of age was sent unto Bamberg and there put into the Monastery of the holy Sepulchre that so she might live as a Recluse and Nun of the said Order And that she was no sooner entered into that Monastery but she sent forth a stinking smel not unlike unto that of a dead putrefying Carcass greatly offensive and displeasing unto the rest of the Nuns whether she kept them company in their common meeting place or else kept her self close and mew'd up in her own Cell for even here also they smelt her as they passed by but a diligent enquiry and search being made into the cause thereof he came as he writeth at length to understand that this stink of hers proceeded not from any thing amiss in her Mouth Stomach Womb or any other particular part of the Body but from the general habit temper and constitution of the whol body Yet nevertheless Libavius in his Epistle wherein he returneth an answer doth not admit of this said proper Constitution and temperament of the whol Body in regard that to render the reason thereof is beyond the reach and power of any man living but he rather thinks that somthing happening from without brought upon her that alteration of her substance and so caused this offensive smel And he conceiveth indeed that this distemper was contracted in the
from the purpose that we purge the whol body since that these Worms arise from a vitious humor mingled together with the aliment of the hair Take of Broom one ounce Myrrh two drams Vinegar as much as will suffice boyl it a little and let the hair be Cleansed with the straining Or Take Nettle seed pulverized let it be macerated in Vinegar and the hairs wel wet with the same The Decoction likewise of Fenugreek and Scabious made with Ley is very useful in this Case and so are also Squils with the Leaves of Myrtle and Sage boyled in Oyl Or Take Garlick Centaury the less equal parts of both boyl them in Vinegar and add thereto the Gall of a Bull. Or Take the grearer Nettle boyl it in Ley and wash the Head therewith Or Take Southernwood Root of Avens and Wormwood boyl them in Vinegar and Spring Water as much of the one as the other and let the hair be washed with the Decoction thereof Chap. 6. Of the Cleaving of the Hair ANd somtimes likewise the hairs on the Head and in the Beard are cloven and divided so that those that before were single and but one now seem and appear to be cleft into two Which Vice of the Hair happeneth without doubt from some sharp humor cleaving the Hair in the ends of them But now since that this Vice breedeth tome kind of deformity it is therefore to be amended Which is done if that part which remaineth be anoynted about the ends of them with the Gall of a Bull and be afterwards again washed with the Decoction of the Capillary Herbs Southernwood the Reed and the like Chap. 7. Of hoariness in the Head and Beard FOr a Man in old age to become grey and hoary in his Head and Beard is a thing altogether Natural but yet sometimes nevertheless it so happeneth that immaturely and oversoon hoâ—riness appeareth in some before their old age yea indeed before they are come to be Men. And furthermore Hoariness cometh on and appeareth leisurely and by degrees But yet it is observed that some persons have suddenly and all on an Instant become white and hoary And to this purpose Scaliger in his Exercitation 312. relateth a History of something that happened under Franciscus Gonzaga This Gonzaga having committed and imprisoned a neer Kinsman of his in a strong Castle upon suspition of treachery in him thereby to reserve him until he were questioned and punished according to his demerits news was brought him next morning that his Kinsman was suddenly become all over white and hoary And the like we read in Lemnius in his second Book Chap. 2. of Complexions and in Hadrianus Junius in his Comment upon the Hair In Ludovicus Vives his Scipio's Dream and in Coelius Rhodiginus in the third Book of Ancient Reading Chap. 24. and in the thirteenth Book Chap. 17. And Cuspinian relateth many Histories of such as suddenly out of fear became gray and hoary and so doth Johannes Schenkius relate the like in the first Book of his Observat And of this kind of hoariness it is that cometh immaturely and before its due time that I am here in this place to treat For this Affect in regard that it both depriveth a man of his Natural beauty and likewise betokeneth that the health is not right and as it ought to be it is therfore not without good cause made the subject of the Physitians care and pains As for that grayness whiteness and hoariness that chanceth unto men and women in their old age and is a Natural ornament of their old age to endeavor to cover and hide this with fucusses and other artificial paintings is altogether whorish and an Argument of a light wanton and luxurious mind The Causes It is not to be doubted that natural hoariness doth proceed from the change and alteration of the temperament of the body and the blood that nourisheth the hair But here we are to enquire how it cometh to pass that there should be somtimes such a change as this in the blood and aliment in those that are yet in their youth and green yeers Aristotle in his fifth Book of the Generation of living Creatures Chap. 5. writeth That the Aliment that produceth these white and hoary hairs when it is not concocted doth rot and putrefie and so becometh a white hoariness because that the filthy snottiness of them being rotten is almost white And so he deduceth this hoariness from the defect of Native heat which when it cannot concoct the humors these humors being deserted by their natural heat are then the more attempted by an external and adventitious heat and so they become putrefied from which putridness they are made white Galen seemeth to follow the opinion of Aristotle when he tels us in his second Book of Temperaments Chap. 5. That the hairs are made white because that the aliment whereby they are nourished is as it were the shot of flegm which in space of time putrefieth And that which Aristotle calleth putridness he termeth Situs and we cal it filth snor or snivel this being such a kind of affection as happeneth unto Bread in the Dog daies which we therefore call finnowed or hoary Bread And for this cause likewise it is as he writeth that men are more apt to grow hoary in their Temples because that the fore part of the head is by reason of its driness more prone to baldness but the Temples by reason of their humidity and consequently upon the generating of snot and filth from the putrefying of the aforesaid humidity are more apt and prone unto hoariness The Opinion of Galen in this one thing only seemeth to differ from that of Aristotle to wit That Aristotle speaketh only in the general without making mention of any one particular humor whereas Galen writes that hoariness proceedeth from the putridness of flegm alone And here it is altogether more safe by flegm to understand any simple crude humor then flegm properly so called and that any crudity rather than that putridness only which is so called may be the cause of hoariness To wit that we may in a word or two propound our opinion touching this very thing in controversie of which others have so largely discoursed seeing that the hairs as we said before are not generated and nourished from vapors or excrements elevated in the form and likeness of vapors but rather from the blood as al other parts are it is without al dispute that the blood that is generated in old age is not so fresh flourishing and temperate as in youth but that as the body is now hastening toward death so the blood also that is therein bred is nothing so good as formerly which is cleerly shewn and manifested even by the change and decay of that fresh and lively color of the body and that witheredness that befalleth men and women in their old age And therefore we are not to wonder that seeing the blood that nourisheth the hair is
cal Pityriasis Scurf and Dandrif and which is by the Latines called likewise Porrigo is an Affect wherein when there is any scratching there falleth down out of the Skin of the Head something very like unto Bran and indeed most usually from the Skin that is under the very hairs themselves and sometimes also from the Beard and the Eyebrows The Causes The Cause of this Affect are humors that are serous or wheyish and also Ichores or thin Excrements not only such as are flegmatick but such as are Cholerick also elevated unto the Head together with that humor that yieldeth and supplieth matter unto the hairs and hence it is that this furfuration or scurfiness doth appear only in those places of the head that have hair upon them for this matter seeking a passage forth through the Pores of the Skin the thinner parts of them are discussed but the more thick and Clammy parts stick in the Skin about the hairs and there they pass into a matter that is like unto Bran or Scales The antecedent Causes are all those that may any way generate thâ—â—â— serous humors in the Head But now the mater 〈◊〉 attracted and drawn unto the Head in those especially that have a hot Brain Signs Diagnostick The Affect it self sufficiently manifesteth and discovereth it self when the Head is Scratcht Rub'd or Comb'd for then there fal down certain smal scales resembling Bran. The Prognostick This Affect hath no danger at all Joyned with it yea by some it is accounted for a very good Sign of a sound Brain expelling and driving forth the excrements from it self and yet nevertheless it causeth some kind of deformity and much trouble The Cure The vitious humors if they abound in the body are to be evacuated and care taken that they may no more be generated But unto the Head it self Discussive Medicaments are to be administred There are some likewise that therewith mingle some certain Astringents that the part affected may be strengthened lest that it easily receive the humor that floweth thereunto But then it is to be feared lest that the transpiration in the Head be hindred and the excrements therein contained excite far worse and more grievous Maladies And therefore as Galen in his first Book of the Composit of Medicaments according to the places Chap. 5. teacheth us the Head is to be washed with the Decoction of Fenugreek the Juyce of Beets and Nitre Or else it is to be Cleansed with the Decoction of Melon Seed the meal of Cicers Lupines and Beans Or else let it be washed with the Decoction of Cicers and Melons adding thereto a little Vinegar When the Head is washing in stead of Soap bitter Almonds bruised may be made use of If the Malady be confirmed and wil not yield let the Head be first washed with the Medicaments but just now mentioned and after this let it be rub'd with a course Cloth and then anoynted with this following Unguent Take Green Hyssop Ducks fat of each half an ounce the pulp of Coloquintida Oleum Cherrinum or the Oyl of Wall-flowers of each one ounce Thapsia two drams Ladanum two ounces and make an Vnguent Or else let the Head be washed with the Decoction of Beets and the lesser Centaury adding thereto Vinegar and Honey Or Take Marshmallow roots the Leaves of Beets of each one handful Pulp of Coloquintida half an ounce Nitre two drams boyl all in a sufficient quantity of Water to the Consumption of the fourth part and in the end add of Wine one pint After the Washing let the Head be anoynted with the following Unguent Take Copperas and the Gall of a Bull of each one dram and half Nitre and Sulphur of each two drams Oyl of Roses two ounces Mingle them over a gentle fire and adding thereto a sufficient quantity of Wax make a soft Vnguent You may see more of these Medicaments in the place before alleadged out of Galen and likewise in Paulus Aegineta and Alexander Trallianus Chap. 9. Of Plica Polonica ANd lastly among the Vices of the hair we must not in silence pass over that which although indeed not known in all places yet nevertheless may very wel be accounted the chief of them all It is called Plica to wit because that in it the hairs are wholly entangled one within another and by the Polonians Gvvodzicc that is a Club and by the Roxolani it is termed Koltun which signifieth a little Stake or small Post whereupon it is also by some called Helotis Others call it the Disease of the Locks the Germans Wichtelzopffe because they superstitiously conceived that such like Locks of hair were entwisted by Infants dying unbaptized for these by the Ancients were called Wichteln as likewise Mareuflecht Marenwirckung Marenlocht Schrottlinszopffe Indlezoppffe because they were thought to be knit and twisted by some Incubus in the likeness of a Jew This Disease is very familiar and as it were Epidemical especially unto the Polonians insomuch that Necessity enforceth them to ask the advice and to implore the assistance of the Physitians of Padua I had rather therefore give you the History hereof in the very words of these Physitians then in mine own Now therefore thus writeth D. Laurentius Starnigelius Rector of the University of Zamoscium and Professor of Rhetorick unto the Physitians Profesors of the University of Padua the last day of October in the yeer 1599. Excellent and Worthy Sirs our most dear and greatly to be respected Friends IN regard of that neer and Intimate acquaintance that we gained during our Converse and abode in the lowest Sarmatia with you most Excellent and Noble Doctors by reason of that common bond and tie which the best of Arts had knit between us and your Excellencies I the Rector of the lately erected Vniversity at Zamoscium held my self bound to write unto you my Noble and ever honored Friends famous indeed and renowned not only by the antiquity and eminency of the most Noble Vniversity of Padua but also far more enabled and dignified by your Learning and Practise The Cause of this my writing unto you was given me by the Novelty of a Disease among us and the extream difficulty of Curing thereof My request is that you the most Eminent Professors of the Vniversity of Padua would both please to read this my Epistle according to your wonted Candor and Courtesie and likewise when you have read the same that you would vouchsafe friendly to write back unto me your Advice and Judgment of what nature and quality you conceive the Disease to be what Precepts you think fit to be given touching the same what kind of Medicaments you Judg most expedient for the removing of the same The Case stands thus Betwixt Hungaria and Pocutium a Province of the Kindom of Polonia which are distinguished the one from the other by Mountains out of which there break forth divers Rivers it so happened that very many both Men and Women had one or
else with a Swans bill or Storks bill or some other dilating instruments to the end that the weapon may be drawnforth the more easily But then the weapon is to be drawn forth either with the Hands if that may conveniently be done as when it standeth out and is fastned in the flesh alone or else with that instrument they cal Volsella when it sticketh deeper then that we may well lay Hands upon it or with those other instruments that the Greeks call Beloulca of which sort are the long Cisers that are ful of Teeth straight or a little Crooked broad in their extream part and likewise round unto which the Chirurgeons of latter times have given divers names from their several Figures and they call them Crows Bills Storks Bills Ducks Bills and Goose Bills several Figures whereof we find extant in Ambrose Parry his tenth B. and 18. Chap. and likewise in Johan-Andreas a Cruce But if the weapons point hath penetrated further then unto the middle part of the Member and that the space and distance by which the weapon is to be drawn back be greater then that which yet remaineth to be passed through and that neither Bone nor Nerve nor Vein nor Artery any way hinder it it will then be more commodious a Section being made to drive the weapon forward by that part toward which it tendeth and so to draw it forth by a wound new made For in this manner it will be drawn out more easily and the wound will the sooner be cured in regard that now the Medicaments may on both sides be applied But yet nevertheless if the Weapon be too broad it will not then be expedient to drawn it forth through the other part lest that we add unto the great Wound it self another likewise as great And if also the Weapon be thrust in between two bones the Members lying next unto them are to be widened according to the usual manner and drawn several waies that so the space betwixt the bones may be the looser and wider for the pulling forth of the Weapon thrust in between them But if some smal piece of a Bone or a Thorn or Splinter or any such like stick in the Wound that can neither be drawn forth with the hands nor any instrument it is then to be extracted by those Medicaments that have in them a power and virture to draw forth And for this purpose there are commended by Dioscorides What Medicaments they are that draw forth those things that stick in a Wound in his 2 B. and 58. Chap. those things that follow to wit the Heads of Lizards bruised smal and imposed thereon Water Pimpernel or Brook-Lime Dittany of Crete the Roots of round Aristolochy or Birth-wort Anemony or Wind-flower the Root of Narcissus of Gladiol or Cornflagge and of the Reed Sagapenum Galbanum Ammoniacum Pitch Pine-rosin and the like administred in the form of an Emplaster There is also commended the Emplaster of Avicen that is Compounded of Leaven Honey or the Propolis as they cal it of Bee-hives of each half a pound Bird-Lime three ounces Ammoniacum two ounces the oldest Oyl three ounces And so is likewise the Unguent of Betony and the fat of an Hare Or Take New Wax one pound Colophony and yellow Rosin of each four ounces Ammoniacum two ounces Bdellium one ounce the Juyce of Citrons three ounces the Oyl of Yelks of Eggs four ounces of the Load-stone five ounces And make an Emplaster according to Art Or Take Virgins Wax four ounces Turpentine two ounces the Loud-stone one ounce and half Hulled Beans one ounce Harts Fat half an ounce And make an Emplaster according to Art Or Take Rosin of the Pine-Tree two ounces dry Pitch one ounce Ammoniacum Sagapenum Gum Elemi of each half an ounce Râ—ot of round Aristolochy and of white Dittany of each one dram and half Cretan Dittany three drams old Oyl or the Feces of the Oyl of white Lillies as much as will suffice And make a Cerot Or Take Oyl of Olives one pound and half new Wax one pound let them melt together and then add Litharge of Gold one pound and half then boyl them after this adding and mingling therewith of Galbanum and Opopanax of each one ounce Ammoniacum and Bdellium of each two ounces Let these Gums be dissolved in Vinegar and then add of the Root of round Aristolochy Mastick Mirrh Frankincense and Lapis Calaminaris of each two ounces and in the Conclusion boyl them all together with a soft and gentle fire adding thereunto in the latter end of the boyling Oyl of Baies and Oyl of Turpentine of each four ounces and stir them wel together during the boyling then pass them through a Linen Cloath into cold water and then softening all with the Oyl of Camomile or Turpentine Make an Emplaster Or Take Narcissus Onyons two of them Reed Root one ounce Gladiol Root half an ounce Mullein leaves one handful rotten Doves dung one ounce wild Cucumber Root and the Root of Round Aristolochy and of white Dittany Root of each three drams Cretan Dittany half an ounce the meal of the bitter vetch Orobus a little quantity thereof Honey as much as will serve the turn And make an Emplaster Or Take Wax and Turpentine of each six ounces Colophony Ship-Pitch of each one ounce Ceruss Roman vitriol of each four ounces Lap. Haematites or the Blood-stone and the Load-stone of each two drams Mastick half an ounce Frankincense Camphire Mummy Dragons Blood of each one ounce Oyl of Juniper one ounce and half Oyl of Eggs six drams Oyl of Cloves two drams of Saint Johns-wort half an ounce of Earth-worms an ounce And make an Emplaster Touching the drawing forth of the Weapons out of Wounds you may see more in Cels his 7. B. Ch. 5. and in Paulus Aegineta his 6. B. and 38. Chap. But if by no artificial means the Weapon or whatsoever else it be of any thing Extraneous cannot be drawn forth of the Wound the whole business is then to be committed unto Nature which oftentimes in this kind worketh wonders as it were and expelleth those preternatural things that are thrust into the Body by any waies whatsoever where there is any possibility of the truth whereof we every where meet with Histories to confirm it Hippocrates as he tels us 5. Epidem in one that had an arrow shot within his Groins took forth the Head thereof six yeers after And Guilhelm Fabricius for one that had a knife run into the Spina Dorsi or Back-bone drew it forth two years after as he telleth us in his first Cent. Observat 62. The like whereunto and a thing very Memorable happened here at Witteberg For a certain Student being wounded with a knife even to the Root of his Nose and the internal Angle of his right Eye half of the knife being by violence broken almost as long as ones Finger stuck there firmly fixed in the bone which when neither the Physitian nor Chirurgeon took
expected that in the curing of Wounds there should be at any time a total and absolute freedom from all pain and trouble no more then there is in the curing of other diseases And indeed if al things were to be omitted and for born that are any waies the Cause of any trouble whatsoever then the sewing of the Wound as likewise the Swaths and binding up of the Wound were all of them to be omitted But the Rule is good in this case that alwaies of two Evils the less is to be chosen Fifthly Neither are Tents therefore to be omitted because that being defiled by the Pus they may hurt the wounded part For as often as they shal be thus fouled and made nasty they are to be drawn forth and this very thing impugns the rare and seldom opening of the Wound Sixthly And last of all although that Hippocrates and Galen where they treat of the Curing of Wounds do not make express mention of these Tents so neither yet do they forbid the use of them but rather out of the precepts of Galen as touching the Curing of Wounds it may be proved that the use of Tents is oftentimes by him allowed and approved of All the premises being therefore thus agitated and discussed Pro and Con the thing seems to come to this and the whole sum and substance of this Controversie amounteth to thus much that light and sleight Wounds and such wherein there is not much Pus generated may be committed unto Nature and that it matters not much if such Wounds as these be but seldom concovered But yet I would not in the least perswade any Man that in those Wounds that are more grievous and in which there is generated great store of Pus and Excrements he stand as an idle Spectator and Trisler doing little or nothing himself but committing the whole business to Nature in regard that from the neglect and omission of the necessary opening of the Wound there may more danger and damage arise in one day then can afterwards be removed in a whole Month. And so likewise for Tents as on the one side where there is no need of them I would not perswade to the putting of any into the Wound much less that there should be such Tents made use of that may cause pain excite a fluxion or hinder the flowing forth of the Pus so on the other hand where necessity urgeth and the Causes before mentioned require the use of them there I conceive they cannot possibly be omitted without damage and danger But yet nevertheless in regard that experience perfecteth Art example shewing us the way I shall not withstand or oppose any man in his making trial and experience even of this way likewise so that it be as I have said before without any danger unto the Patient and as Magatus himself adviseth in his 1 B. and 40. Ch. about the end thereof beginning alwaies from those more light and easie and from these by degrees proceeding unto those that are more grievous and difficult Chap. 10. Of the VVeapon Salve THose things that have been in the precedent Chapter spoken touching the opinion of Caesar Magatus and Ludovicus Septalius as concerning the curing of Wounds put me now in minde of that Unguent they commonly cal the Weapon Salve For as those siple Wounds of the flesh as hath been said in the foregoing Chapter are Cured by the benefit of Nature alone without any other great provision without any frequent opening of the Wound and without the applying of many Medicaments So those Wounds likewise that are said to be cured by this Weapon-Salve my Opinion is that they are cured by the help and assistance of Nature alone But in regard that there are many who have asserted the contrary therefore we think it not amiss in this place to make some enquiry into this Opinion of theirs and to tel you what I conceive is to be thought as touching this Weapon-Salve Now we shall First of all give you the descriptions of this Unguent or Weapon-salve and then we shall acquaint you with the use of it and what Arguments are usually brought for the defence therof Now most are of Opinion that Paracelsus was the first that found out this Weapon-Salve and therefore the invention thereof is by very many ascribed unto him but whether he were the first that we find to have made mention hereof or not of this there is no question but that he hath been very forward in the divulging of it Paracelsus himself in his 1. B. Archidox Magicae hath this description of it Take The Moss of a Dead mans Skul two ounces Paâ—â—â—cisus his description thereof Mummy half an ounce Mans fat two ounces Mans blood half an ounce Oyl of Linseed two drams Oyl of Roses and Bole-Armenick of each one dram mingle them and make an Vnguent Into which he puts a piece of Wood that hath been soaked in the Blood that comes from the wound and then throughly dryed and every day constantly he covereth the Wound with a new Swathe that had been throughly moystened in the Urine of the wounded person But then for the anoynting of the Weapon he addeth yet further Honey one ounce and Bulls fat one dram John Baptista Porta in his 8. B. of Natural Magick and 12. Chap. writeth thus of it The Weapon Salve saith he was a good while since by Paracelsus given to Maximilian the Emperor who having made trial of it esteemed it very highly all his Life after of which there was some bestowed on me by a certain noble person then living in this Emperors Court. If the Sword that gave the Wound were brought or a piece of Wood wet in the blood of the said Wound the wounded person was then cured albeit he were never so far off Take Vsnea Porta his description of the weapon salve or the Moss that groweth upon a skul left in the open Air and mans fat of each two ounces Mummy and mans blood of each an ounce and half Oyl of Linseed Turpentine and Bole Armenick of each one ounce let them be all wel mingled together in a mortar and then preserved in an Earthen Vessel somwhat long and narrow Dip the Sword into the Vnguent and so leave it let the wounded person in the morning wash the wound with his own Water and so adding nothing at all thereto let the wound be bound up and it shall be cured without any pain And Crollius himself likewise attributeth this Unguent or Weapon Salve unto Paracelsus Crollius his Description and he cals it the Sympathetick Unguent of Paracelsus and thus he describeth it Take the fat of a Bore Pig or Brawner and Bears fat of each four ounces The older these Creatures are the better it their fat Let both these fats first of all for the space of half an hour boyl in red wine over a gentle fire After this it is to be poured out upon cold water and the fat swimming
flesh and any other substance that is lost and perished may readily be restored and made good again and the part restored unto its former Vnion And Pet. Andraeas Matthiolus in his 4. B. upon Dioscorides Chap. 16. saith thus By such potions I have seen healed as wel the Wounds of the Thorax as those of the Intestines which were thought to be mortal and altogether incurable by any help and means whatsoever And this these Medicaments do altogether and without fail perform to wit that they consume the excessive humidity of the blood that is wholly unfit for agglutination that they supply a due and fit matter for the generating of flesh and Thirdly that by their moderate astriction they prevent and hinder the afflux of humors unto the wounded part And Guido of Gauliacum Tr. 3. Doct. 1. Chap. 1. writeth thus in the stile of his Age In Ancient Vlcers saith he in case of any parts Fistulated and Cancerated as also in Blood congealed in the interior parts and in case of Sanies gotten together in the Breast and Intrinsecal Glandules and in Croakings of the Guts I have somtimes used these potions And out of him the very same hath Johannes Tragautius in his 2. B. of Chirurgic Institutions and Johannes Andraeas a Cruce writeth very confidently that in these cases he himself was wont to make use of these potions and most of all in Wounds of a long continuance when they have come to be Fistulated and refractory against all other Remedies And Ludovicus Septalius in the place alleadged writeth thus When we once perceive saith he that great store of excrements are from day to day generated either by reason of Errors committed in point of Dyeâ— or by reason of the overgreat abounding of naughty and vitious Humors in the whol Body or else by reason of somthing amiss and faulty in the Wound the Body being first evacuated and the time of the Inflammation passed over we thought good oftentimes to make use of some vulnerary potten for many daies together until we saw that the matter was wholly consumed Now the simples out of which they are made and prepared are divers Johannes Andraeas a Cruce writeth that there are only four Herbs that may be extolled and commended for this use to wit Ladies Mantle Avens the Herb Periwinkle and the Herb Trinity which is a species of Trifoyl or three Leaf Grass But indeed there arâ— many more Plants in use for the making of these potions to wit The Materials of vulnerary petions The greater and less Consound Sanicle Saracennical consound Agrimony Winter-green Speed-wel Mug-wort Plantane Savine Horse-Tail Adders Tongue five leafed Grass or Cinquefoil wild Tansey Vervein the Red Cabbage Neep or Neppe some calit Cat Mint Golden Rod the lesser Centaury St. Johns-wort Tansey Vipers Bugloss Rupture wort Water Germander Straw Berry Leaves the Roots of Tormentil Pimpernel both the Aristolochies or Birth-worts white Dittany Valerian Bistort Gentian Rubarb Rhapontick the Flowers of Lillies of the Vally of St. Johns-wort and Roses Crabs Eyes Sperma Ceti commonly called Parmacitty the Lentisk Wood Mummy Mace Bole-Armenick Of these there are made divers Compositions but more especially potions and pouders And yet nevertheless in the preparing of these there is in the general to be observed to wit that those Plants which are appropriated unto the wounded part or the parts nigh unto it as for instance in the Wounds of the Head Betony Roses in the Wounds of the Breast Speedwell in the Wounds of the Liver and about the Liver Agrimony in the Wounds of the Reins or about the Reins Straw-berry leaves are to be made choice of Potions Take Red Mug-wort one ounce Leaves of Tree Ivy the Herb Winter-green the greater and less Sanicle Ladies Mantle Saracennical Consound of each one ounce Daisies half an ounce let them be cut smal Vulnerary potions and infused in half a pinte of the best Wine and cleer running Water one pinte and half let them stand in the Balneum shut and close covered by the space of three hours in the heat and then after this let them be taken forth and stand all night in the morning add Sugar four ounces Nutmeg Crabs Eyes Mummy of each two drams and make a potion Or Take Ladies Mantle Sanicle Saracennical Consound wild Ivy red Mug-wort of each one handful pour in unto these four measures of the best Wine boyl them in a close pot over a gentle Fire until the fourth part be consumed and wasted away Or Take Winter-green four handfuls the Leaves of ground Ivy three handfuls the Roots of white Gentian four ounces when you have cut them smal put to them of old stale Beer as much as will suffice let them stand al night and afterwards destil them Or Take Saâ—racennical Consound all of it both Root and Leaves one handful hoyl them in good Wine until a third part be wasted away and give the Patient Morning and Evening a draught of this to drink Or. Take the Herb Tormentil Straw-berry leaves Sanicle Matrisy Iva or Ladies Bedstraw and Winter-green of each one handful boyl them in beer and give it the Patient to drink Or Take Herb Winter green Herb Periwinkle the Herb Bugle Mug-wort Pimpernel and Agrimony of each two handfuls boyl them in Wine unto the one half and give the wounded person a draught of this Mornings and Evenings Or Take the Lentisk Wood and Oake Missletoe of each two ounces the Roots of Consound Aristolochy Centaury Valerian Madder Tormentil and Bistort of each half an ounce Common Water Chalibeated that is to say wherein steel hath been often quenched six quarts mingle them and make an Infusion according to Art for twenty four hours and afterwards let them boyl in a double Vessel until the one half be wasted and when in the boyling it is come to the third part then add of Parsley Roots the tops of the Bramble Bush Hemp Mous-Ear Herb Trinity a species of Trifoyl or three leaved Grass Herb Climer or Periwinkle Horse-Tayl Straw-berry leaves Flowers of Valley Lillies of each half a handful Rhapontick two drams Cinnamom half an ounce but in the end of the Decoction add of Aromatick Wine three pints and then having pressed forth the liquor and strained it with Sugar make a sweet and pleasant drink Or Take Quajacum Wood prepared four ounces the Rinds of the same Wood and Sarsaparilla of each two ounces Citrine-Saunders and Tormentil Root Bistort Root Valerian Root white Dittany Root and Consound Root of each half an ounce Common spring Water two Gallons mingle them and make an Infusion according to Art for twenty fours hours after this let them boyl in a double Vessel unto the consumption of the third part and then add of Horsetayl Betony Mousear Cretan Dittany Wintergreen Wild Tansey topps of the Bramble bush herb trinity and Strawberry leaves of each half a handful Cinnamom half an ounce let them boyl together until there remain three Quarts and
Spiders cobwebs Bolearmenick the soft flix of a ha e of each one dram make a powder Or Take A dead Nettle and having beaten it into a very fine powder strew it upon the wound Neither are we to desist from the use of those Medicaments until the flesh that is bred is so produced about the vessel that it shut up the orifice thereof For unless this be done there wil yet be alwaies great cause to fear an haemorrhage Magatus his Water against the hemorrhage Caesar Magatus in this first Book and 61. Chapt writeth that this water following being wel mingled together with the whites of Eggs throughly beaten doth perform wonderful effects Take Juice of Plantane of the sowr unripe Grape of Quinces of sharp and tart Pomgranates vinegar made of black wine of each one pound the Juice that is newly pressed forth of Asses dung one pound the whites of thirty Eggs wel beaten together The herb Horstail Strawberry leaves Mousear Adders tongue the herb Trinity winter green the herb Perewinkle Wild Tansey Bears ear the leaves of al these new and fresh gathered one handful the new and fresh Roots of the greater consound one pound the greater Centaury half a pound Pomgranate Rinds and flowers unripe Galls of the Oak Gum Arabick Tragacanth Sarcocol White Frankincense of each half an ounce Roots of Tormentil Bistort Bolearmenick Sealed earth Dragons blood Earth of Samus of each of these three drams bruise what is to be bruised and powder those things that are to be powdered and so mingle them and after a three days maceration in a double vessel let there be a water drawn forth according to Art But I doubt much whether or no this destilled water wil have in it any considerable Astringent virtue in regard that that part of simple Medicaments in which the astringent power doth chiefly lie can hardly ascend thorow the Alembick More efficacious is that water that is destilled from Alum after the manner following Take of the best Alume as much as you please The Alum Water powder it and put it into a Buls or Oxe bladder and so put it into a kettle of hot water that the Alume may be dissolved Destil this water by an Alembick and continue the work so long even until the feces reside in the bottom And these are again a new to be dssolved in the Oxe bladder until the whol substance of the Alume shal by destillation be convertedl into water But if the blood shal not be stanched by these Remedies Whether in case of an Hemorrhage we may use Causticks there are some that use Causticks that bring a crustines over the Wound and so by the benefit of it shut the Orifice of the vessel But the truth is this way is not safe enough but ful of peril For seeing that so much of the Particle as is burnt into a crust so much there falleth away of the Natural flesh from the part when the crust falleth off the orifice of the vessel is again left naked and bare of flesh so that there is oftentimes a new haemorrhage excited and not easily stanched Of these we may most safely make use of such of them as being burnt retain stil a caustick virtue and being not burnt have in them a notable astringent power but very little of the Caustick faculty whereby they burn and such a like medicament is crude vitriol which therefore some crude as it is do beat into a powder The virtue of vitriol in an Haemorrhage and so sprinkle it upon Wounds for the stopping of the haemorrhage But others there are that dissolve it in water and then they moysten linen clothes lay them upon the wound And moreover Calcanth which some call shoomakers black either pulverized or else dissolved in a convenient liquor is of singular use in wounds where the orifice of the vessel cannot be closed either by compression or by that mushrom before mentioned which they commonly call Crepitus Lupi or even by burning be there never so great need thereof But this Calcanth especially if dissolved in liquor penetrateth even thorow the very vessel that is hurt But here notwithstanding we are to beware that the nerves if any be neer be not hurt And therefore into such like deep Wounds if there be any Nerves in the wounded part other Medicaments that have a power to stanch blood are rather to be cast in by clysters that have little ears affixed to them or some other fit and convenient instruments .. In the interim notwithstanding it will be likewise very requisite to administer certain general or as they cal them universal remedies that make for the stopping and stanching of the blood to wit drawers back intercepters and certain internal Medicaments that stay the blood Those things that draw back are first Venesection venesection appointed in the contrary place which may then only be put in practise when the hemorrhage is not great and the strength of the Patient but little impayred But yet nevertheless that so the Patients strength may be the better preserved and the revulsion performed with the more expedition the blood is not at once to be evacuated but at several times But if the Patients strength wil not bear venesection in this case Cupping-glasses both dry and scarifyed as need shal require are to be applyed in the remote and opposite places But now Intercepters are administred Intercepters to the end they may drive back and incrassate the blood while it is in flowing unto the part that they may make more narrow those waies and passages by the which it floweth But now such intercepting Medicaments are to be applyed unto the vessels by which the blood tendeth unto the wounded part and so above upon the part toward the root of the vessel and more especially where it possibly may be done in the exterior parts where only the veins lie hid under the skin and are not covered with much flesh touching which Hippocrates in his fifth Section Aphoris 23 giveth us this advice We ought saith he to make use of some cold medicament in those persons that have at present any blood flowing from them or that are likely to be troubled therewith and this medicament is not indeed to be applyed unto the same place but unto those places from whence it flâ—weth if there be any inflammations or burnings of the parts that tend unto a red or bloody colour by reason of the fresh and flourishing blood that now appeareth therein unto these very parts let it be administred Now these intercepters are made of Medicaments that are cold and Astringent as Posca a compound of vinegar and water harsh wine the water of Roses of Plantane of the Oak and of night shade Barly meal the powder of Myrtles Bâ—learmenick Dragons blood Mastick the flowers of red Roses Pomgranate flowers and the whites of Eggs of which there are divers Medicaments to be made the forms whereof are
change of the Scituation which ought so to be ordered that the Patient may now confess himself that he is without pain And Lastly If the pain be from the afflux of the Humors the way and means of curing it is the very same with that of an Inflammation in its beginning as we shall by and by shew you Inflammation For if there be a pain excited from the afflux of the Humors and an Inflammation follow thereupon we are then to oppose the very first beginning of the Inflammation in that manner as we told you above in the first part and 5. Chap. To wit the Member that is bound up must be loosened and fomented with the Oyl of Roses either alone or mingled with the white of an Egg or else such a like Cataplasm is to be laid on Take Barley meal three ounces the pouder of Marsh-Mallow Roots and Camomile flowers of each one ounce and balf Roses one ounce boyl them in a sufficient quantity of Water and sowr Wine and then add Oyl of Roses three ounces and make a Cataplasm And for the rest see in the place alleadged But before the Inflammation be ceased the part is not to be bound up or certainly at least not to be hard bound neither are the Splinters nor any one of those kind of Engines to be imposed unless it be that they may prop up the member and contain the Medicaments Gangrene And there happeneth oftentimes likewise unto Fractures and especially those that are made with a Wound a Contusion of the Skin by reason of the Inflammation following thereupon which how and in what manner it is to be Cured we have already told you above in the 2. Part and 19. Chapter Itching and Excoriation But if from the Sanies there be caused an Itching in the Wound as also an Excoriation and Exulceration then Water temperatly hot is to be made use of that the Sanies may be washed away and that it may be called forth and dissipated and there may be likewise taken such Water as is moderately salt which cleanseth more powerfully And afterward let the place be anointed with the white Camphorate Unguent with the Unguent of Roses of Litharge of Diapompholyx and the like unto which likewise there may be added the Juyce of Plantane or Nightshade Chap. 5. Of Distorted and ill set Bones ANd very often likewise it chanceth that after the broken bones are again made to grow together they receive not their former wonted and convenient Figure but are distorted and writhed whereupon the motion of the Member is much hindered and a lameness or halting caused in the Foot or else in the Arms their laying hold on any thing is hurt Now this cometh to pass either from the unkilfulness and neglect of the Chirurgeon who setteth the bones and bindeth up the Fracture or else through the inordinate motions of the sick person The Cure This evil is Cured if the Callus be new and hath not been bred above six moneths and the sick person of a ripe age and strong and the broken bone not very great and the action of the Member not much hurt if the Callus be again broken and the bones rightly fitted and set together Now this breaking of the Callus is the more easily done if the Callus be first for some daies fomented with the Decoction of Emollient Herbs as for instance the Roots and Leaves of Marsh-Mallows Mallows Figs fat and dry and then let a Cataplasm of the same Roots and Herbs be afterwards laid on or else an Emollient Emplaster Or else you may administer some such Emollient Unguent as this that followeth Take Unguent Dialthaea one ounce and half Bdellium Mastick Turpentine of each half an ounce the Marrow of the Legs of Veal Oyl of sweet Almonds Camomile the fat of a Hen of each six drams the Mucilage of Linseed and Fenugreek of each one ounce Wax as much as wil suffice and make a soft Vnguent The Callus being sufficiently mollefied The Callus how to be broken the Member is by the help of two Assistants to be drawn this and that way and so to be extended but then let the Chirurgeon put again into its place that which sticketh forth in the place where the Fracture is and if he be not well able to do it otherwise he may then on that part upon which the bones do most rest and incline lay a Tile wrapt up in Wooll and so by binding of it he may force it back again unto its former seat and there accustom it to abide or else let him altogether break the bone which may be done in the aforesaid manner or else if the Chirurgeon put the broken Member in which the Callus is upon his Knee and then on both sides press down the bone as hard as he can with both his Hands And then the Heads of the bones are rightly to be fitted together and a Convenient Cure instituted for this new Fracture But if the Callus be now already old and of long continuance and that it be waxen very hard and that the Patient be weak or aged the best course will be as Albucasis adviseth not to lay Hands at all upon it by reason of the dangerous Symptoms that are wont to follow thereupon in this kind of Cure For it is much better of two evils to choose the less and to be content rather to live yet longer though deformed and lame for many yeers then by a cruel Cure to attract dangerous and deadly Symptoms Yet it is a thing impossible if the Callus be old and obdurate to break it but if any will needs attempt it the bone is more likely to be broken in some other place then where the Callus is and so by this means grievous Maladies will ensue unto the sick person and as for what he desireth he wil be deceived in his hopes for the deformity and writhedness of the Member will not hereby be corrected since that the Crooked Callus cannot possibly be amended Chap. 6. Of Correcting the Callus that is greater or less then what it ought justly to be ANd sometimes also it so happeneth that there is generated a Callus less or greater then what it should be And indeed the Callus is generated less then it should justly be by reason of the scarcity and want of that thick Aliment whereby the bones are nourished and from which the sayd Callus is bred and this scarcity of the Aliment is either from too spare a Dyet in the Patient or from the Patients not using of those meats that are most fit for the breeding of the Callus or from the swathes being rowled on too hard and close or else lastly because that the Medicaments administred being over astringent have hindered the afflux of the Aliment Now the Callus when it is less then justly it should be is known by the touch Signs thereof by which it is discovered to be but small and the Member is
its proper place and that there be no Contusion of the parts incumbent and lying neer then some gentle Medicament that is fit and Convenient for a fracture and inflammations is to be layd on of Frankincense sine flour Bole Armenick the White of an Egge and the like But if the broken Ribb stick forth outwardly it is to be pressed together with the hand and to be reduced unto its Natural situation and here also a Convenient Medicament is to be imposed But if the broken Ribb tend inwardly we must endeavor that it may be brought back into its own place And therefore we must first of all see whether by the Cough and the holding of the breath or by the help of the hands the broken Ribb may be restored again into its own place which if it succeed not then we must lay on some Emplaster that will attract and that will stick fast unto the Ribb and then this Emplaster is again with violence to be taken away that so the Ribb may be brought back again into its own place And very Convenient for this use is this Emplaster also Take The finest wheat flour two ounces Tragacanth Frankincense powdered of each five drams Missleto of the Oake to wit the Glew six drams Ichthyocolla or Fish Glue one ounce and half Whites of Eggs two ounces Rose-water as much as will suffice and mingle them Or an Emplaster made of Turpentine Rosin blackpitch Barly Meal or Beanmeal Mastick and Aloes And such like emplasters as these are often to be applyed and then to be taken off when the sick person shall breathe more freely And I my self remember likewise that some yeers since a certain Cooper having a Ribb broken and depressed in his right side by the violent recoyling of a hoop which he was bending to make a hoop for a Hogshead or tub so that he could very hardly draw his breath Coughed extremly and was not able to lift himself up straight I applyed and layd on such an Emplaster as this that we have mentioned and thereby brought back the Ribb again into its proper place Some there are indeed who endeavor the bringing back of the broken Ribbs into their places again by the applying of Cupping-glasses but Most Physitians dislike this practise there being great cause to fear lest that by this means there be more of the humor attracted and that otherwise the flesh above the Ribbs is wont to be puffed up But if any broken fragment of the Ribb prick the Membrane so that thereupon most grievous pains and other ill symptoms arise in so much that there be great cause to fear death that part wherein the Ribb is broken is to be opened with the incision knife that so we may the better come at the fragments that prick either to pluck them forth or to cut them off And if likewise there be present any contusion or bruise a vein is then to be opened lest that an Inflammation follow The Ribbs being reduced unto their own places again Nature will then indeed of her own accord generate the Callus which that we may the better assist some Emplaster that is convenient for a fracture of the bones is to be imposed among the which this that followeth is one of the chiefest Take Pouder of Myrtles and red Roses of each one ounce the Meal of Barly of the bitter vetch orobus and of Lentiles of Beans and of Mastick of each two drams Acron Cups Cypress Nuts the rinds of them Frankincense Dragons blood Earth of Lemnios Aloes and Myrrh of each two drams Oyl of Myrtle of Roses and oyl omphacine of each nine ounces Wax and cleer Turpentine of each half a pound and make an Emplaster Some there are that in the progress of the disease wet and soak the swathes in Rosemary water which as they write is a very special and effectual water in all fractures of the bones But if the flesh be moyst and flaggy then the Medicaments before propounded are to be imposed and the place is to be streyned together with swathes and other Coverings that so the flesh may again be conjoyned with the bone And if through Negligence of the Physitian or the sick person himself the Malady be now become old and inveterate and that the flesh be rendered soft and snotty so that there be cause to fear lest that the bones Gristles and Membranes may be hurt we are then to do our endeavour that the said snotty Juice may be discussed by such digesting Cataplasms as we shall anon speak of But if this may not be done the burning iron is the best Remedy and yet here we are to be very cautious that the bone be not made hot or the inward parts hurt If that which was bruised tend toward a Suppuration the Matter is then to be resolved and evacuated with a Cataplasm of Barly meale Bean meal or of the bitter vetch Orobus Camomile flowers and the like As Take Meal of Beans and Barly of each two ounces Wormwood half an ounce the pouder of Camomile flowers Melilote and Eldern of each one ounce boyl them in Spring Water and then add Oyl of Camomile and Roses of each one ounce and make a Cataplasm But if the matter cannot yet be discussed by these Medicaments all delay is to be avoided for fear lest that the bone be vitiated and therefore in that part wherein it most swelleth the part is to be opened either with the Penknife or with the hot Iron that so a free passage forth may be opened for the Pus The Dyet Let the Patients Dyet at the first be thin and very sparing and such as is required in other acute Diseases Let the sick person keep himself as quiet as he can without any Coughing or Sneezing as much as may be let him not talk much nor laugh nor Chafe See Hippocrates in his 3. B. of the Joynts Text 54. c. Galen in his Comment upon the place and Ambrose Parry in his 14. B. and 12. Chapter Chap. 18. Of the Fracture of the Spina Dorsi or Back-bone ANd somtimes it likewise so happeneth that from external and violent Causes the Spina Dorsi or Back-bone and its Vertebrae are broken Signs Diagnostick If the Spina or Back-bone be hroken then there appeareth a Cavity in that place and there is a pain and pricking felt in regard that of necessity those broken fragments of the bones must needs be very Thorny and Pricking as Celsus tels us in his 8. B. and 9. Chap. And if any process of those broken bones that stick forth be broken this is discerned by the touch because that it may be moved this way and that way And moreover if the sick person lie upon his Face the pain is so much the greater and far more then if he stand upright For there the Skin is extended and bruised with the sharp broken fragments but if the sick person stand upright the Skin is then loosened and not so much pricked by
then strain it and then take Camphyre one dram dissolve it in one ounce of the Spirit of Wine and add it unto the former The stronger are these Take Plantane water and Rose water of each five ounces Mercury sublimate one dram let them boyl and then strain them through a thick Linen Cloth In the straining let the Liniments being cut into divers pieces be laid to soak or the Linen Cloth and let it be again throughly dryed and reserved for use Or Take Galls Pomegranate flowers of each one dram Dragons blood Ceruss the rust of Brass of each half a dram burnt Alum Frankincense and Myrrh of each one dram Make hereof a Pouder Chap. 8. Of an Ulcer that is wan and Callous IT sometimes so happeneth that the lips of the Ulcer are made hard wan and Callous Now this is caused by those things that dry overmuch or by the cooling of the externall Air or by the afflux of hot humors But from what cause soever it happen the Ulcer cannot be cured neither can it be closed up with a Cicatrice unless that hardness be first taken away and the exulcerated part be reduced unto its natural state And therefore if the hardness be less then Emollients and Discussives are to be made use of such as are of the Mucilage of Linseed of Fenugreek Oyl of sweet Almonds Oyl of Earth-worms the fat of a Hen and the fat of Ducks c. As Take the Mucilage of the seed of Marsh-mallows of Fenugreek of each two drams Turpentine one ounce Oyl of sweet Almonds and of white Lilies of each three drams Wax as much as wil suffice and make a soft Vnguent The simple Diachylon Emplaster is likewise here very good and of singular use But now if the hardness be greater and that it yield not neither give way unto Emollient and Discussive Medicaments after what manner such a like ulcer ought then to be cured Galen teacheth us when in the fourth Book of his Method of Physick and Chap. 2. he thus writeth When the lips of the Vlcer saith he are only somwhat discolored or made a little harder than ordinary they are then to be cut out even unto the sound flesh But whenas this Affect hath made a further progress then it falleth under deliberation whether al that which is seen to appear preternaturally be to be cut forth or else rather in time and as soon as may be to be cured And it is without doubt that in this case the wil and mind of the Patient is to be consulted and followed For some of them had rather be cured without being cut though it be a long time first Others again there be that wil be content to undergo any pain or hardship so that they may be soon and suddenly cured For such like ulcers are most speedily yea and most commodiously likewise and fitly cured if the hard and wan flesh be cut forth even unto the sound with a fit and convenient Instrument For both the pain is shorter neither is there any bad and hurrful quality introduced into the part as there is by corroding Medicaments For the hardness thereof is likewise very fitly wasted and removed by an actual Cautery But if the sick person wil endure neither incision nor burning the hard flesh is then to be wasted away and consumed by such like corroding Medicaments as we have elswhere propounded The green Water that we described in the foregoing Chapter is likewise of singular benefit and so is the Pouder also there mentioned The Oyl of Vitriol is one of the stronger Remedies Yet nevertheless we must be very cautious how we use the stronger sort of Medicaments in the Nervous parts and Defensive Medicaments are to be applied unto the neer parts lest that there be a pain excited and a new afflux of humors caused If the lips of the ulcer be leaden colored wan and black they are then to be sacrified and the vitious blood is to be drawn forth afterward a dry Spunge is to be laid theron and at length drying Medicaments as the green Water or the Pouder described in the precedent Chapter or the like Medicament Chap. 9. Of Ulcers that are hollowed and furrowed IF Pus and Sanies be long contained in the Apostem or Impostume and shal in its own nature be sharp or else shal become such by its long continuance there it then maketh as it were Conney-burroughs and formeth a hollow nook by the Greeks called Colpas But touching these nooks and furrows in regard that we have already spoken thereof above in Part 1. Chap. 6. it wil be altogether needless here to add any thing more unto what hath been there delivered Only we shal yet here acquaint you with some few things by way of Advertisement The first is this That hollow and furrowed Ulcers may not only be so bred but the sinuous and nooky ulcers may oftentimes likewise succeed wounds which especially happeneth by the negligence of the Chirurgeons and this very frequently chanceth in the Thighs For if such like places where the Muscles are larger the wound be not so ordered that the Pus may be expelled forth by the orifice of the wound it then by its weight descendeth according to the guidance of the Muscles and there raiseth furrows and Conney-burrows as the Latine Physitians term them and more especially if it hath been long detained and be thereby become sharp and corroding And in such a like ulcer since that al the Pus can hardly be expelled forth by the Ligature that is toward the upper Orifice it wil therefore be necessary to open a Sinus or nook in the lower part which being done and a way and passage made for the issuing forth of the Pus such wounds are afterward easily cured And therfore in the second place it is to be noted That we are to use such an expressive Ligature lest that whether in Wounds or in Ulcers Fistula's be generated to wit which beginneth from the very bottom of the wound or ulcer and endeth in the orifice thereof this notwithstanding alwaies provided That by how much the nearer it approacheth unto the Orifice by so much the looser ought it to be Thirdly You are to be hereof admonished That in regard such like sinuous ulcers become sordid and foul for the most part that therefore the Spirit of Wine is very fitly mingled together with other Medicaments because it hath in it an excellent property and vertue to cleanse and purifie such like ulcers as these Franciscus Valeriola hath a singular and happy way of Curing this dangerous nooked or furrowed ulcer in the fifth Book of his Observations Observ 1. and another in the same place Observ 7. where they may both be seen But yet nevertheless I hold it not amiss here to acquaint you with those Medicaments he there maketh use of for as for Section or cutting he would not for many reasons by any means allow of or appoint it First of all saith he after