day recalefied and strongly expressed through a new cloth or bag will dimit much mucaginous matter Thus the mucage of Bdellium Sagapenum Ammoniacum and Galbanum is extracted to make up the confection of the mucilaginous Emplaister To every ounce of water or other liquor they ordinarily impose an ounce of seeds or roots but if the Mucage should be more crass then the quantity of roots or seeds must be augmented if more liquid diminished as one dram of seed to an ounce of water This Muslidge applyed to an inflammation helps much ℞ A Muslidge against inflammation The roots of Marsh-mallows ℥ ss Flea wort seedʒ ij infuse them upon hot embers for a day and a half in Night-shade water afterwards strain it and apply it to the part affected This Mucage mitigates the dolour of the eyes caused by heat ℞ Another to the pain of the eyes from a hot cause Quinco kernelsʒ iij. infuse them a whole night in the water of Night-shade Water-lillyes and Eye-bright ana ℥ i. ss in the morning extract the Muslidge and apply it to the part grieved CHAP. XI Of Collyryes IT is not enough that a Medicament be accommodated to an affection onely but it must be fitted to the part affected also for we do not prescribe one Medicament to the ears mouth nose and belly but exhibit a singular Medicament to each as will best fit it The eyes have their peculiar Medicaments called Collyryes which are endued with eximious qualities respecting their affections eximiously such as Galen speaks of libro de oculis libris 4 5. composit medicament loc as also Paulus and Aetius in many places There are two kinds of Collyryes the one dry Collyriorum differentia Collyria ficca called by the Arabians Sicf by the Grecians 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by the Latines Collyria fieca the other humid 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which are by the more recent called Collyries absolutely either because by their liquid form they are better accommodated to application the eyes not tolerating a hard and crass remedy or else because they are made of dry Collyries levigated upon a Marble and dissolved in water or such convenient liquor Some of the humid Collyries are of the consistency of Honey or a soft Unguent Tuthiae praeparatio as Tutia redacted to the form of an Unguent by much ustion and lotion with the juice of Fennel or other convenient liquor Others are altogether liquid and fluxile as all those which are made of the waters of Eye-bright Roses or Plantain with a small quantity of white Trochisks These should be reposed in glass vessels as the more solid in earthen pots And as a multitude of ocular affections are cured by Collyries so a multiplicity of materials go to their confecture as the whole Family of Medicaments whether of Minerals Animals or Plants from which either Powders can be efringed or Waters distilled or Juices extracted or Excrements desumed When you would quicken the sight make an oxydorcical Collyrie of such Medicaments as cure caligation as the galls of Animals the waters of Salendine and Eye-bright or the water of Community which confect thus ℞ Eye bright m. iij. Salendine Fennel Vervine Fumatory A water to quicken the sight ana m. ij Rue Balm ana m. j. Cloves Mace long Pepper ana ℥ ss macerate them a whole night in equal parts of white Rose-water and white Wine then distill of the water with which wash the eyes This Collyrie will cure the pruriginous scabies of the eye-brows ℞ White wine * White For the scabies of the eye-lids Rose water ana ℥ j. ss Hepatick Aloes finely pulverized ʒ j. mix them and make thereof a Collyrium This Collyrie will roborate and refrigerate ℞ A cooling and strengthening water for the eyes The water of Plantain and red Roses ana ℥ ij whites of Eggs ℥ ss mix them and beat them well together and make thereof a Collyrie This Collyrie applyed to the eyes will asswage their dolour ℞ For the pain of the eyes The waters of Purslain and Plantain ana ℥ j. ss the mucilidge of Quince seeds made in Night shade water ℥ j. mingle them fiat Collyrium This Collyrie will most efficaciously desiccate roborate and refrigerate ℞ A water strengthening and drying The water of Mouse-ear white Roses and Plantain ana ℥ j. Troch alb Rhasisʒ i. Tutty preparedʒ ss fiat Collyrium This Collyrie commonly called Eleiser roborates the eye and hinders the lapse of the fourth membrane or uvea and it is thus confected ℞ Collyrium Elciser Antimony Lapit Hematit anaʒ x. Acacia ℥ ss Aloesʒ j. let them be finely powdered cum aqua * Knotgrass Corrigiolae fiant Trochisci and when occasion calls for them dissolve one of them in white Rose water This other Collyrie which hath its denomination of Lead is endued with a sarcotical and consolidative faculty and is thus made ℞ A Collyrie of Lead Burnt Lead Antimony Tutty washed burnt Brass Gum Araback Traganth ana ℥ j. Opium ℥ ss make of these a Powder and with white Rose water form them into Trochisks which dissolve in white Rose water This Collyrie of Lanfrancus so called in whose Works I could never yet finde it is excellent against the French disease and is thus described by the antient Writers ℞ Collyrium Lanfranci White Wine lb j. of the water of Plantain and Roses of each a much as will suffice Auripigmentumʒ ij Verdigreaseʒ j. Aloes Myrrke ana ℈ ij let these be finely powdered and make thereof a Collyrium CHAP. XII Of Virgins milk VIrgins milk is one of those Medicaments which the sedulity of our age hath invented the making of which works no small admiration in the Vulgar whil'st of two unicolourous juices mixed together they educe a third white viscid and lent substance like milk to the spectators eyes Thus many exhibiting a specimen of their ingeny are believed to do miracles while they onely unfold Natures secrets Lac virginale cur dicitur Now it is called Virgins milk partly from its colour whereby it is like milk partly from its consistency and virtues wherein it is eximious even to delete the freckles of the skin which change and adulterate the virgin and genuine colour of the face This topical Medicament is made after many wayes whereof this is the most ordinary Receipt ℞ Litharidge of Gold finely powderedʒ iij. white wine vinegar of the best and strongest lb. ss mingle them together stir them with a wooden spatula for three hours afterwards filter the liquor through a brown paper in the form of a funnel into a glass drop by drop to that which is filtrated adde pluvial or fountain water in which dissolve a little salt upon the mixtion whereof a milk will appear This is also an usual form ℞ White wine vinegar lb. ss Litharidge of Gold finely powdered ℥ j. boyl them together till the third part be consumed and to
superficies or because the substance of it is contained in a rare texture as some seeds many odoriferous spices and most flowers require a light and small Coction others on the contrary whose vertue is not easily resolved either because it is vallid and firme or because it resides in a grosse or dense substance or because it is posited in the middle as in Roots Woods Gumms Stones and sharp Medicaments as Onions and Garlick which grow sweet and mild by Coction require long and valid Coction others whose substance and vertue is posited in a meane between these two extreames as all the three Sandalls Jujubees Tamarinds mellow fruits and many seed endure but a meane and moderate Coction Now that Coction that is made in liquour of a moderate heat is called Elixation What elixation is And that liquor in which the Medicament is boyled is for the most part water and that either simple as common water or Medicinall or compound to which Lees of Wine Hydromel Milk Buttermilk Wine Vineger juices of plants Salt-water or sulphureous waters and all liquors in which Medicaments are put and boyled may be reduced The use of this elixation is manifold The benefit of Elixation First because it resolves the excrementitious humors of a Medicament in boyling and hence Colocynth and Turbith are boyled that they may not gripe and torment the belly but it is quite contrary with those Medicaments that purge by Leniating and Lubricating the belly and with those that are best when they are fullest As Cassia and Tamarinds for such become worse by Coction because thereby their native humidity is diminished and their purgative faculty destroyed Secondly It dissipates all those flatulent grosse and corroding humours that provoke the ventricle to loathing of the same as in Senna Polipodie Carthamus Walworke c. Thirdly It breaks all acrimony violence and ulcerating faculties as Mesue writes of Scammony which by his prescript will be better if it be boyled in a sorbe apple or in a quince or rose water as all other sharp sapors which become better by Coction Fourthly It bridles and corrects the more vehement and maligne attraction of the Medicament and therefore we boyle white Hellibor and most valid Medicaments that their violence may be broken and experience hath taught me that they become more benigne when they are boyled in water or juice of hearbs seeds or fruits Lastly Elixation doth very comodiously mixe the different qualities of Medicaments that one quality as it were concrete might result from them all which if it be weak in any plant it must be boyled easier and lighter if more potent and valid more and harder by how much the substance of the Medicament is grosser and more solid Therefore we first boyle the woods then roots then seeds then barks then fruits and last of all flowers on a gentle fire free from smoak This order of Elixation is to be observed in the preparation of all Medicaments especially Apozemes which are made of the decoction of roots leaves seeds and flowers dulcorated with Sugar or Syrups The punctuall time of Coction cannot be defined as some vainely have limited but left to the judgment of the Artist for some require much time of Elixation others lesse CHAP. XII Of Assation and Frixion ASsation is the coction of Medicaments in their own juice What Assation is after which manner of preparation flesh roots and fruits are cocted without any adventitious humour Now this Assation is made divers wayes The manner of Assation for flesh is decocted at the fire on a spit or in an oven or an earthen pot or carbonaded on the coals The roots also of black Beets are roasted in the ashes Beta Romana and Chesnuts in a frying pan but those rather appertain to a Kitchin than a Physician Now many Medicaments are dryed before the fire that they may depose their useless and retain their salutary quality others that they may become more mild others that they may be easier and sooner pulverated Rhabarb is sometimes dryed that it may be less purgative Scylla and more astrictive as also the Sea-onion that its vehemency may be obtunded whereby Dioscorides saith it offends the Intrals The brains of Sparrows excite Venery So also Sparrows brains are dryed that they may be sooner pulverable fitly to be mixed with those Medicaments that incite to Venery Many also are prepared by Assation The benefits that come by Assation that their copious and excrementitious humidity may be thereby washed Now they ought to be stirred or moved with a spoon or spatula while they are broyled on a hot tile oven or frying pan lest they be burned and they must be taken out before they grow black Assation and Frixion differ thus The difference of Assation and Frixion Assation is with its own juice Frixion with an adventitious humour as with Butter Oil Wine Vinegar or other juice or liquor after which manner many Aliments are fryed and broyled as Beans and Pease both that they may be more pleasant and also that they may more depose their bad qualities Gal. 29. lib. 2. de Aliment Coriander seed is fryed Coriander seed that is it is prepared with Vinegar that its quality which is noxious to the brain may be obtunded Semina viticis are also to be fryed Agnus â—â—stus that the flatulent humour may be discussed and that they may inhibit Venery Now some are fryed in the oil of sweet Almonds Myrab Citrin Chebul Nigri for the composition of Tripherae Persicae some in the juice of unripe Grapes others in Wine or other Liquor according to the Physicians purpose and scope that they may acquire a better quality or lose their noxious or ill qualities CHAP. XIII Of Vstion MAny Medicaments especially such as are more solid as Minerals or such as are indued with a malignant quality are burned before they be fitted for mans use Some also are burned that they may be sooner pulverated as bones horns claws flax and hairs of Animals others are burned that they may change their colour others that they may obtain a new faculty and one fit for our purpose Many sharp Medicaments are sometimes burned that they may grow milde and lose their Acrimony others not sharp that they may acquire Acrimony And thus as Galen in prooemio l. 9. simpl took notice that many sharp Medicaments lose much heat by burning and many not sharp assume and acquire heat thereby This he proves by the example of Vitriol which becomes more milde and moderate by ustion and some not sharp become more hot and crude by ustion as Fex vini Quick-silver crude Lime Tartar and many others Now how the same efficient produces contrary effects The reason why sharp Medicaments by Ustion lose their Acrimony Physicians thus judge Acrimony is acquired by heat increased to a certain degree which degree sharp Medicaments exceeding lose their Acrimony But such as were
the Hemorrhoides â„ž Mullein m. ij Marsh-mallows m. j. Linseed â„¥ ss boyl them in milk and whil'st they are hot put them in a stool-pan and sit upon it that the vapour may ingrede the fundament CHAP. IV. Of an Hypocaust or Sudatory AN Hypocaust is a place made like a little Fornace Hypocaustum quid wherein sweat is procured by dry heat ascending through like Spiracles from the fire set under it It is called by another name to wit Unde dicatur Laconicum Ejus usus Laconicum because the Laconians chiefly used it as the Romanes did baths It conduces much in frigid and diuturnal diseases for seeing its fervid and sharp heat doth not onely calefy the external habit of the body but the very praecordia and internals also it potently opens the passages calefies melts and by sweat educes the humours But seeing this external calour continually thus occurring and insinuating it self into the internals doth speedily project the humours it can scarce be tolerated one quarter of an hour without dissipation of the spirits and loss of strength whereupon swoundings often follow but the more delicate and such also whose bodyes are loaden with impure excrements are chiefly in danger of this delinquency Quae ingressum bypocausti praecedere debent He therefore that consults his sanity should never enter these Sudatories till he have by purge and phlebotomy if need be exonerated his body for so the reliques of those humours that infest his body may be easily projected by sudour The Rusticks custome is irreproveable who being destitute of an Hypocaust extracted by due and artificial industry take a Hogshead of a just magnitude and calefy it either by a fire or by setting it over a pan full of burned coals or a vessel full of hot water and set therein sweating profusely and with case without any danger of swourding Some will sit in an oven where bread is but lately drawn out put their heads onely out at the mouth thereof and so sweat abundantly Chirurgions have invented a certain Aestuary of a vimineous texture like a Bird-cage wherein they excite such to sweat as are infested with the French disease which they properly call a Cage wherein the Birds do not nourish but are nourished These miserable Wretches are included herein with hot bricks and almost suffocated till they sweat abundantly in every part of their bodyes having before drunk of the Decoction of Lignum sanctum or Sarsaparilla or some other Alexitery which will both move sweat and deleate the French disease CHAP. V. Of Fomentations FOments are so commodious that no part of the body is averse to their sanative operations Aetius prescribes this Medicament to fore eyes Trallian initio lib. 6. to the ears to the flux of the belly yea he thinks them convenient to asswage any dolour Celsus cap. 12. lib. 3. admits of Foments in Feavers and thinks they should not be omitted but by all means applyed to pleuritical hepatical splenical and arthritical persons as also to the calculative or other parts affected where the ulcer hath not dissolved the continuity nor divided the integrity For Oribasius cap. 29. lib. 9. saith they rarify the skin for transpiration attenuate the blood discuss part thereof and so operate that the parts affected are not so dolorous Foments therefore are made for many purposes as thus to roborate the ventricle â„ž Wormwood both the Mints tops of Dill Roses of each m. ij A Foment roborating the stomack Penniroyal Marjorum of each m. j. Balaustians Cyperus nuts bruised of each â„¥ j. boyl them in water with a fourth part of wine added towards the end of the Coction and foment the ventricle with sponges dipped therein as hot as can be suffered Trallian prescribes many Foments to the splenetick affections which consist of such things as roborate it or as incide and digest the humours or as change and alter its intemperance This Foment after purgation doth remove obstructions and roborate it â„ž Cetrarch or Spleen-wort Roman Wormwood Staechados A Fotus for the spleen Tamaris of each m. ij Broom flowers Jasmine of each m. j. boyl them in water and wine for a good space and to every pint of the Decoction adde Oil of Capars â„¥ iij. with which foment the part affected either with sponges or bladders filled and applyed This Foment is very good to cure the Pleurisy â„ž For the Plenrisy Marsh-mallows Mallows Violets of each m. ij the flowers of Melilot and Chemomile tops of Dill of each m. j. Linseed â„¥ j. boyl these either in water or milk and foment the side either with cloaths or spunges dipped therein After the foment liniate the part with some lenitive Oil as Oil of Lillyes Almonds or Violets or else with new Butter This foment for the diseased of the Stone must be applyed to the region of the reins â„ž Fotus pro calculosis Water-cresses Pelitory Beets Violets of each m. ij Faenugreek â„¥ ij boyl them in Hydromel and foment the reins therewith CHAP. VI. Of Epithemaes SOme make no difference betwixt a Foment and an Epithema but Fernalius rightly asserts them to be different Medicaments Differentia inter fotum epithema both from their forms and their efficacy seeing a Foment endued with many qualities may be constituted many wayes and applyed to many parts But an Epithema is chiefly eximious for two qualities to wit alterative whereby it emends some distemper and roborative or alexiterial whereby it strengthens the heart and oppugns some kinde of poyson and for the most part applyed onely to the regions of the heart and liver They consist of distilled Epithematum materia cordial and alterative waters or liquid decoctions mixed with powders of fingular virtues wherein the proportion of powder is of one scruple or half a dram to every ounce of water which we mix with a little vinegar Some Alexipharmacal Confection is sometimes diluted in stead of powders as in some pestilent season or in some malignant distemper which impairs the strength of the heart and faculties of the diseased for in such a case it is most secure to mix some Antidote or Mithridate with the Epithema This Epithema doth refrigerate and roborate the liver inflamed with a Feaver â„ž An Epithema cooling the liver of the waters of Succory Endive Water-lillyes and Plantain of each â„¥ iij. Vinegar of RosesÊ’ j. Pulvis Triasant â„¥ j. ss Diarrhadon AbbatisÊ’ j. Troches of CamphorÊ’ ss fiat Epithema and with a cloth dipped in it bathe the region of the liver An Epitheme thus confected will muniate and preserve the heart and strength of the vital faculties â„ž An Epithema to comfort the heart of the waters of Bugloss Scabious Cardaus Sorrel Roses of each â„¥ iij. spec diamarg. frigid Triasant of eachÊ’ j. ss Powder of Tormentill Gentian Dictamus and grains of Kermes of eachÊ’ ss with which besprinkle a linnen cloth and apply it hot to the region of the heart The Antients
much commended the use of Scarlet cloth which is not approved of by the more recent because in its tincture it is infected with much Arsenick but I approve of it in poysonous diseases seeing poysons in such a case are often salutiferous CHAP. VII Of Lotion WE understand not by Lotion here a bath of cold water as Oribasius cap. 7. lib. 1. and Paulus cap. 51. lib. 1. do but the ablution of some particular member in some medicinal decoction to take away its filth correct its distemper digest its humour roborate its parts mitigate its dolour and to conciliate sleep This Decoction will by ablution of the head kill Lice ℞ Staves-acre ℥ ij Wormwood Tansy Betony A Lotion to kill lice the lesser Centanry of each m. ij Coloquintide seeds ℥ ss boyl them in a sufficient quantity of water till a third part be consumed and with a sponge wash his head This Lotion will denigrate the hairs of hoary heads which I prescribe to such old women as would not betray their age to their husbands by their whiteness ℞ The bark of Oke and Elm of each ℥ ij Galls ℥ ij the bark of Wallnuts lb. ss the leaves of the Pomegranate tree and Mirtle of each m. ss boyl them in a sufficient quantity of water adde thereunto Alume ℥ ij Vitriol ℥ j. after the Colature wash the hairs therewith letting it dry in the Sun Yet Galen cap. 1. lib. 1. de comp med loc professes that he never exhibited any thing to such as adorned themselves for their own or others delight for this were all one as to paint a Sepulcher In times past men washed their heads more frequently than now adayes which caused of late this Proverb Wash your head never feet seldome hands often This Lotion made of the decoction of such Simples will mitigate calour and soporate the senses will by ablution of the feet therein conciliate sleep ℞ Lettice m. iij. Betony Water-lillyes of each m. ij Poppy flowers A Lotion to wash the feet to cause rest m. j. boyl them in water and wash the feet therewith CHAP. VIII Of an Embroche or Aspersion BY Embrochation we mean the irrigation of some part affected with some Oil Decoction or Liquor accommodated to the cure of that distemper distilled thereon like rain and hence Embroche from the Greek word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to rain This Medicament according to Aetius cap. 172. ser 3. tetr 1. is used when bathing is for some circumstances prohibited And as it is the decoction of Poppy and Chamemile it conduces much to such as are infested with night-watches feavers and delirations Archigenes seeing his Master Agathinus to rave because of his long wakes freed him both from his deliry and wakings by irrigating his head with much hot Oil. These irrigations seem to differ from foments onely in this that they are distilled upon the part from on high the foments being onely applyed thereunto by sponges cloaths or in bags Now according to Oribasius Prigatio cap. 23. lib. 9. we use irrigation onely when some inflammation must be resolved or ulcer suppurated Aspersion but aspersion in washing the face and in hot feavers and that in Summer with cold water in Winter with warmer Yet in more simple Feavers as also in the subversion of the stomack we use water mixed with vinegar in aspersion We use aspersions also to cure eyes infested with fluxes by the decoction of Basil which is most efficacious subjecting a dry sponge under the chin lest the water run down to the breast An Embroche or Irrigation is compounded of Simples cocted in Wine Water Lees or Oil as this same for the Lethargy ℞ Embroche capitis Cyperus Calamus Aromaticus Orris Bay tree of each ℥ ss Sage Rosemary Penniroyal Calamint Staechados of each m. ss Squinant Coriander seed Cummin seed of eachʒ ij boyl these in three pints of water till the third part be consumed adde to the Colature Aqua vitae ℥ iij. besprinkle this on the head An Irrigation to conciliate sleep consists of Simples endued with quite contrary qualities and is thus made ℞ Lettice m. ij Water-lillyes white Roses of each m. j. Poppy flowers Betony of each m. ss boyl these and let the Colature be sprinkled on the head To Irrigation we may refer the Stillicide or Laver of medicated waters but it is not now our intention to treat thereof but will proceed CHAP. IX Of a Liniment ALiniment is of a middle consistency betwixt an Unguent and Oil being more liquid than an Unguent Linimenium quid and more crass than Oil for it admits of a very little Wax and Fat in its confection and therefore is not fluid without incalescence at the Fire or Sun Its basis is Oil whereunto sometimes is added a little of refinous Fat with Wax yet not so much but it still retains its soft consistency for a Liniment is nothing but a very soft Unguent to the confection whereof any Oil may be assumed so it be accommodated with faculties requisite to the intended scope And therefore almost every Liniment being paregorical and lenitive is confected either of simple Oil or of Oil of Almonds Violets or such like which will not excessively alter any temper as this same to abate the dolour of the side in a Pleurisy ℞ Oil of sweet Almonds ℥ ij ss fresh Butter ℥ j. Litus ad pleuritidem a little Wax to make it up into a Linctus anoint the side therewith Now to mitigate some dolour caused by a frigid humour some Oil must be assumed which is calid in the same degree that it may correct the humours distemper As on the contrary this Liniment made of refrigerating Oils will amend the distemper and asswage the dolour caused by a calid humour ℞ Oil of Water-lillyes ℥ ij ss Oil of Roses ℥ ss Waxʒ iij. Let them be melted for a Liniment ℞ Oil of Violets ℥ ii the musilidge of Marsh-mallow roots or Linsud ℥ i. a little Wax to make it a Liniment and apply it to the part affected This Liniment will mitigate a cold distemper ℞ Oil of Chamomile and Dill of each ℥ i. ss Ducks fat ℥ i. A Litus for a cold distemper Wax ʒ iii. let these be melted together and make a Liniment CHAP. X. Of Mucagines or Musliges BEcause there is often mention made of Mucagines which are either applyed alone or mixed with other Medicaments our Institution leads us now to speak a little thereof Now this Mucilage is efficacious in mollifying humectating and leniating some dolour as that same which is extracted from glutinous roots and seeds sometimes it digests and attracts as that same which is educed out of many gums The seeds of Line Foenugreek Mallows Quinces Flea-wort and Marsh-mallow roots as also their roots macerated in warm water are very mucaginous Figs also Gum Arabick Tragacanthum and Isinglass if they be a whole night infused in water or other liquor and the next
the later age found it good against the Pleurisie at the beginning thereof for it is astrictive roborative bechical and hypnotical it cohibits the humours falling down from the head upon the lungs and that it may better effect this some sugar of Roses must be added it may be safely given from half an ounce to an ounce and a half and to two ounces to the more valid especially if the Pleurisie be but beginning or not farre gone for it will either stay the former flux or hinder the rising of another CHAP. 9. Syrupus Nympheae or Syrupe of Water-Lillies â„ž of Water-Lillies lb ij infuse them six or seven hours in hot boyling water lb iij. afterwards boyl them a little and to the Colature adde again the same quantity of fresh flowers and let this be repeated three times and to the Colature adde an equal quantity of Sugar to boyl it up into a Syrupe The COMMENTARY Some make this syrupe onely of one infusion but that is more efficacious which is confected of two or three the green herbaceous and flave part also of the flower should be rejected and onely the white retained This is simple in reference to one more compound described by Franciscus-Pedomontanus which is seldome used because the Simple one is more easie of preparation and no less efficacious Moreover the description of the Compound is by some disallowed of by some changed by some the quantity of its ingredients is augmented by others diminished its description is well known This syrupe refrigerates much Vires cohibits venereous dreams restrains the immoderate flux of the sperm conciliates sleep allayes the heat of the bowels and abates the ardour of Fevers CHAP. 10. Syrupus Capil vener Com. or Syrupe of common Maiden-hair â„ž of the true Maiden-hair of the common Maiden-hair wall-Rue Spleen-wort Salvia vita of each m.j. Liquorice bruised â„¥ ij infuse them twelve hours in a sufficient quantity of water afterwards boyl them gently till it comes to lb v. adde to the Colature White Sugar lb iiij and so make it into a Syrupe The COMMENTARY This is the most usual description of this syrupe whereunto some adde Raisins and Liquorice others Jujubs but none of these please Fernelius who thinks that the syrupe is made more ignave and weak by the admistion hereof but Liquorice may be added for besides its sweetness it hath a quality like the capillaries yet some reject it because it makes the syrupe more flave but the quality and vertue must be more looked after then the colour The Parisian Apothecaries make it accurately according to the description here given and it is most eximiously Medicinal they that do otherwise mixing but a small quantity of capillaries and macerating them lightly make indeed a pellucid syrupe but both in colour and vertue aqueous and so defraud the Patient of his expectation and the Physician of his scope This is the most celebrated of Preparative syrupes Vires for it is very useful to oppugne all affections of the breast liver spleen reins uterus and to tenuate and prepare humours for it tempers and cocts choler incides phlegme makes the melancholical humour easie to be expurged yea often subduces the belly by much use it moves expectoration incides and cocts the humours contained in the Lungs and educes them by a second purge CHAP. 11. Syrupus capel Vener Monspelie or Syrupe of Monspelian Maidens-hair â„ž of Maiden-hair fresh and cut m.ij. infuse it twelve hours in a sufficient quantity of water afterwards boyl it a little clarifie the Colature and to lb v. thereof adde lb iiij of Sugar to boyl it up into a Syrupe The COMMENTARY This syrupe is most frequently and simply compounded in the City Montpessier being onely made of the light decoction of true Maidens-hair clarified and sugar cocted to the consistence of a syrupe For thus it is most grateful both in colour and sapour and yet that is more grateful to the palate which admits of Rose-water which is adjected by the Court-Apothecaries that they may by guile rather then science gain their Princes and Nobles grace and get their money by subtilty It is of affine qualities but more imbecile then that which admits of all the Capillaries and Liquorice for it is more ignave in inciding and attenuating the humours and opening the passages and that is most imbecile which admits of Rose-water Vires for its faculty being somewhat astrictive reluctates with those of the Capillaries CHAP. 12. Syrupus de quinta radicibus or Syrupe of the five opening roots â„ž of the root of Smallage Fennel Parsly Butchers broom Asparagrass of each â„¥ iiij boyl them in a sufficient quantity of water till it comes to lb iiij adde thereunto as much Sugar as will make it up into a Syrupe according to art The COMMENTARY The roots must be first cleansed then washed cut in pieces their middle cut out and rejected then brayed and cocted some would have the coction made in eight pounds of water cocted to five whereunto when strained and clarified they adde four pound of Sugar which manner and proportion I approve of Some would have some Vinegar added to the decoction that its incisive faculty may be augmented but when use calls for it it may be diluted in some attenuating opening or other fit liquour as the Medicks scope requires Some make it onely of two roots to wit Petroseline and Fennel roots but seeing it is less efficacious and the other roots easily attainable it is better to make it with five roots and then they shall not need that which is made of two But if one more studious of curiosity then necessity would rather have it of two let him take of Petroseline and Fennel-roots each four ounces coct them in a sufficient quantity of water and adde to two pounds of the colature two pounds of Sugar and make a syrupe It incides and attenuates crass and glutinous humours Vires diduces the passages removes obstructions expels Urine moves fluors ejects sand and emends the foetid colour of Virgins and the Jaundies CHAP. 13. Syrupus de Althea or Syrupe of Marshmallows Des Fer. â„ž of the roots of Marshmallows â„¥ ij red Licers â„¥ i. of the roots of Grass Asparagrass Liquorice Raisins stoned of each â„¥ ss the tops of Marsh-mallowes Mallowes Pellitory Pimpinel Plantain both the Maiden-hairs of each m j. of the four greater and lesser coole seeds of eachÊ’ iij. boyl them in lb vj. of water till four remain and with lb iij. of Sugar make it up into a Syrupe The COMMENTARY The use of this syrupe is much celebrated in Paris both for its eximious faculties and its Authors dignity to whom posterity is much engaged for his illustration of the Medicinal Art and for those many Medicaments wherewith he hath furnished Apothecaries shops Syrupe of Althea is most useful to sanative Medicks its preparation is thus The roots must first be purged and washed then cocted afterwards the Liquorice
affections and vices of the skin arising from salt or adust humours CHAP. 4. Syrupus Buglossi Or Syrupe of Bugloss ℞ of the Juyce of Bugloss clarified lb vj. of the flowers of the same lb j. boyl them a little and to the Colature ad lb iiij of sugar boyl it up into the consistency of a Syrupe The COMMENTARY This syrupe being easie to make and of eximious faculties may not be omitted That it may be duly made the brayed Bugloss must lie in a moist and cold place a whole night or a day then it must be calified and expressed for its succe being viscid will not otherwise be easily educed when it is expressed it must stand to subside Some contund the flowers of Bugloss and coct them a little in that succe when clarified others coct them in water and affund the colature with sugar upon the succe all which they coct to the consistence of a syrupe Some take onely the leaves others the roots of Bugloss but I hold the whole Bugloss more convenient Syrupe of Borrages succe is made after the same manner and works the same effects so that he that hath the one needs not the other It is good for such as are marcid with long grief and sadness Vires labour under the Hypochondriacal melancholy or splenatick affections CHAP. 19. Syrupus de succo Acetosae or Syrupe of the Juyce of Sorrel D. Mes ℞ of the Juyce of Sorrel depurated in the sun lb iij. white sugar lb ij Boyl them together and make it up into a syrupe The COMMENTARY This is the most Simple of syrupes some make it after the same manner with the former others coct sugar to the consistence of a solid Electuary whereunto they afterwards adde the depurated and percolated succe then fervefie the mixture till it attain the consistence of a syrupe But more frequently they coct purge and percolate the succe and mix it with clarified sugar which they coct to a syrupe but then its faculties are more imbecile This syrupe Vires according to Mesue its Authour abates bilious and pestilent fevers extinguishes the flammeous ardour of the heart and ventricles and contemperates the aestuating bowels CHAP. 20. Syrupus Acetatus simplex or The simple of Syrupe of Vinegar or Oxysacharum D. Mes ℞ of the purest Sugar lb v. fountain-Fountain-water lb iiij boyl them together till half the water be consumed then adde white-wine Vinegar lb ij or 3 or 4 lb. according to the accidity required and so boyl it up into the consistency of a Syrupe The COMMENTARY Though this syrupe may be made at any time yet we subjoyn it to the former because they have much affinity betwixt their faculties it is called Oxysacharum for the Vinegar and Sugar whereof it consists That it may be rightly made Mesue would have it cocted in Earthen Tinne or a Stone-vessel not Brass or Copper as some do some would have distilled Vinegar but its quality being very sharp it hurts the ventricle and nerves the common Vinegar is better and more accommodate whose various proportions the Authour may prescribe as the Medick would have it sharper or less sharp It refrigerates hot humours incides crass and viscid ones Qualitates attenuates and prepares them for expulsion it arceates putretude quenches thirst and allayes the inflammation of the bowels Myrepsus exhibits another simple syrupe of Vinegar whose use I approve of and it is thus described ℞ Vinegar ℥ iiij Juyce of Pomegranates ℥ viij sugar lb j. boyl it up to a fit consistency It is made as the former and both of them are called Simple syrupes in distinction to another more compound whose description Nic. Praepositus gives But seeing it is of rare or no use we shall omit it This incides crass humours moves and impels them if inherent Vires allays calid humours refrigerates the heat of the ventricle and liver and emends the corruption of the humours or any syrupe of Vinegar kills worms whether in the Intestines or in the Veins as I saw in one of Paris in whose basilical Vein was a worm of a palms length CHAP. 21. Syrupus de Byzant simp comp or The Syrupe of Dynari or the Byzantian Syrupe both Simple and Compound ℞ of the Juyce of Endive Smallage of each lb ij Hops Bugloss Borrage of each lb j. boyl them a little and clarifie them and to lb iiij of the Colature adde lb ij ss of sugar to make it up into a Syrupe The Compound you may thus confect ℞ of the aforesaid Juyces rightly clarified lb iiij in which boyl Rose-leaves ℥ ij Liquorice ℥ ss the seeds of Annis Fennel and Smallage of eachʒ iij. spikenardʒ iij. strain it and adde Vinegar lb ij the whitest sugar lb ij ss or lb iij. boyl them according to Art to the consistency of a Syrupe The COMMENTARY Both the syrupes are usually made but he may omit the Simple one that makes the Compound as also the Compound syrupe of Vinegar for it will supply the want of both The Arabians call it Dynari because it purges the Ureters not from Denarium a piece of Money as some think neither can I credit Bern Dessennius who saith That this Name was invented by an inept and covetous fellow who by Dynari portended some sum of Money It is called the Byzantian syrupe from Byzantium or Constantinople where it is very frequent or was invented or else because Mesue had its description from some Byzantian Medick This syrupe opens Vires incides and attenuates it frees the Liver from obstructions as also the Spleen and Mesentery it helps the Jaundies moves fluors and cures Fevers which arise from viscid humours CHAP. 22. Syrupus de Moris comp or The compounded Syrupe of Mulberries ℞ of the Juyce of Mulberries not altogether ripe lb ss of the Juyce of red Black * Before they be ripe berries honey despumed of each lb j. ⸪ Wine boyled to a good consistence sapa ℥ iiij boyl these according to Art to the consistency of a syrupe The COMMENTARY As in stead of Diacodium which was made in form of an Opiate we use now the simple syrupe of Poppies so in stead of Diamorum the syrupe of Mulberries to whose confection some now adde the succe of Rassberries and of Straw-berries thus confecting it of three kindes of Berries others leave both out and sape also the succes must be cocted with honey to the consistence of a syrupe which is more dilute then Diamorum or Rob of Mulberries which is now seldome made most using this compound syrupe in its stead The simple syrupe of Mulberries also is very good which is made of their succe and sugar whereunto if you adde a little Rose-water it will be more grateful and efficacious in roborating and staying fluxes The compound syrupe cures the eroding Ulcers of the mouth Vires the affections of the teeth and gums the relaxation of the uvula or flesh in
what need had we of so much cost and time in seeking and congesting many Simples when much fewer were better yet no cost or pains must be spared when the sanity of a man lies at the stake so that the labour be not lost nor cost frustraneous A great and solemn composition whose bonity many ages have found and experience sufficiently proved must neither admit of mutation nor mutilation but such as are described without ground or reason must be either omitted or castigated This syrupe is denominated from Mugwort which is its Basis its preparation is clear enough in the description Yet it may be more Simply easily and as efficaciously made thus ℞ of the roots of Rest-harrow Madder Grass Butchers-Broom of eachʒ vj. the seeds of Carret and Roman-Gith of eachʒ j. Syr. de Artemisia simpliciter Mugwort m. ij Savin Marjoran Nep Hyssop of each m. ss boyl them in lb v. of water to the Colature adde lb i. ss of sugar and lb ss of Honey to bring it into the consistence of a syrupe This syrupe potently moves suppressed or staying fluors Vires and allayes the strangulation and subversion of the Uterus CHAP. 9. Syrupus resumptivus or The resumptive Syrupe ℞ of the flesh of Snails ℥ iiij Barley whole ℥ ij the pulp of Dates ℥ j. Raisins Kiquorce of eachʒ vj. Sebestens Jujubees of each n. xij Cotton-seed Melon Cucumer and Gourd-seeds of each ℥ ss The seeds of Lettice and * White Uagula Calalinae Poppy of each ʒ ij Coltsfoot Lungwort of each m.j. the flowers of Violets and white Lillies of each ℥ ss boyl them in a sufficient quantity of water to lb iiij of Colature to which ad de lb ij of the whitest Sugar Sugar of Roses and Diatraganthum frigidum of each lb ss coct it to a Syrupe The COMMENTARY The resumptive syrupes in a general acception may be referred to all analepticall and restorative ones wherein Medicks adhibit Snails flesh after the example of that whereof Joannes Tornamyra is Authour by assent though I could neither see it in him nor any other Antidotariographer in my life and that which is now made by Medicks is made after as many different manners as there are different Shops wherein it is made yea all the descriptions that I have seen of it and they were no few differ among themselves some admitting too many attenuatives others too viscid ingredients others useless ones and others in such a confused form as if they could scarce be prepared as described All of them require nemoral Snails which yet if there be any such are worse as Rubetae amongst Frogs because their succe is sharper and more fervid but less nutritive and apt to resarciate therefore I judge the vulgar more wholesom which live partly on the water partly on the land And Rondeletius said true that Snails could not alwayes live without water whence these terrestrial Snails must be such as live in muddy and fenny places partly on limpid water and partly on dry land But they must be duly prepared before they accede the confection of this syrupe their necks tails and members must be first abscinded their shels divided or separated that all the flesh may be extracted which must be purged from all filth cut into pieces and cocted together with the Simples enumerated and those in such order as they that require longer coction may be sooner injected those that require shorter later And so it were better to coct the simples severally from the flesh and the flesh first or last as the Medick will Sugar and Penidees must be added to the Colature It is good for such as resurge from long diseases Vires or are marcid tabid or consumed or labor under some prave affection of the lungs CHAP. 10. Syrupus exhilarans or The exhilarative Syrupe D. Dom. Laurent ℞ of the Juyces of Borrage and Bugloss lb j. ss of the Juyce of sweet smelling Apples lb j. of the Juyce of Balm ℥ ss of Kermes-berriesʒ iij. Saffronʒ ss Spec. diamarg. frigid ʒ ss Diambrae ℈ iiij Loaf-sugar lb ij coct it into Syrupe according to Art The COMMENTARY Doctor Laurentius the King of France's chief Physician gives this description in a certain learned piece of his about conservation of the Sight Melancholy Catarrhs and old Age and he confesses that his Kinsman Castellanus the King of France's chief Chirurgeon was its Author and it is thus confected The grains of Kermes must be infused a whole night in the depurated succes upon hot ashes the sugar diluted in its strong expression then all cocted into a syrupe in whose middle a little bundle must be suspended wherein the powders and Saffron are contained its dosis may be from one ounce to two ounces in the morning before meat or at night before sleep It is cognominated exhilarative because it hath an eximious faculty in recreating the heart and vitals erecting the saculties abigating sorrow and tempering the malign quality of melancholy This syrupe may be substituted in stead of that that is made of Kermes in such parts where the Illex is coccigerous of which consection we were not unmindeful but being easie to make we omitted it and left to such whom Nature hath inriched with its eximious succe There are inumerable more descriptions of syrupes in divers Authors but some of them being disapproved of others scarce proved we will not onerate or rather inquinate our Antidotary therewith For the acid syrupe of Manna the syrupe of sweet Pomegranates of Persian Apples of acid Prunes of Pears of deansed Grapes of Thyme and many more which Mesue describes are out of use I hear of the syrupes of the greater Centaury of St. Johns-wort of Ivy of Tobacco of Fennel and some others not yet proved by use of which if the Famous Colledge at Paris approve I shall approve also Myrepsus his syrupe the syrupe of Diasireos the syrupes of Lilly of Acorus of Madder of Penny-royal of Turbith of Grapes of Myrobalambs and others which Jacobus de Manliis Andernacus Wekerus and some of the later rank describe are now wholly neglected SECT III. Of Syrupes dulcorated with Honey THere rest yet some Syrupes which we shall describe in this Section that are not dulcorated with Sugar but with Honey nor made like the rest of the decoctions of Roots Leaves Flowers Seeds and Fruits but onely of limpid and aqueous succes whereunto we may well referre that Hydromel which is called the vinous Hydromel for in sapour faculties and consistence it responds to a Syrupe CHAP. 1. Oxymel seu Acetum mulsum c. Oxymel or sweet Vinegar Secanjabin in Arabick ℞ of the best Honey lb ij of fountain-Fountain-water lb iiij white-wine Vinegar lb j. boyl them together in a fit vessel to the consistency of a liquid Syrupe The COMMENTARY The Honey must first be cocted in water and despumed then must the Vinegar be by little and little adjected then all cocted together till they acquire the
consistence of a liquid syrupe But the Ancients have not definitely described the quantity of Vinegar for seeing Honey according to Galen is hot and in hot natures turns soon into bile so much Vinegar must be added by Oribasius his advice as will correct that bilefying faculty and so it may be made into Oxymel convenient and useful for all ages and sexes for it is as sweet as acid and as mean and should be made variously according to the gust of the assumer so that it may not hurt for things very sharp abrade the intestines and hinder expectoration but that which is moderately acrimonious is very useful to the affections of the breast and lungs for it educes spittle and facilitates spiration for it incides and attenuates crass humours expurges the bowels without molestation and attenuates mans meat It s preparation then is various and the proportion of Honey to Vinegar and of Vinegar to water is various for though the a queous be better to most yet it agrees not to all Oribasius would have twice as much Honey and four times as much water as Vinegar and would have them all cocted to the thirds which is the same with that that Mesue gives whereunto Serapius assents though he elsewhere makes them of equal parts but that is too sowre Now the middle betwixt both may be of one part and a half of Vinegar to two of the best Honey which emits not much spume for all Honey that emits more spume is not so good but must be cocted and despumed longer and so its greatest part dissipated in coction for it must be cocted till it effer no more spume Thus the quantity of the Vinegar must be augmented and diminished according to the will of the user to whom it is more convenient as he more defires is and so it should be made according to every disposition yet that which is kept in shops is usually prepared as Mesue hath described and is made more sweet or more sowre as the assumer desires it and the exigency calls for it Oxymel incides Vires attenuates and prepares crass and viscid humours for expurgation conduces equally to hot and cold affections and effects what we have before mentioned CHAP. 2. Oxymel Stilliticum or Oxymel of Squills â„ž of Honey despumed lb iij. Vinegar of Squills lb ij boyl them in an earthen pipkin to the consistency of a liquid Syrupe The COMMENTARY The Medick Marcellus makes it after another manner by superadding water For he takes of Squils lb j. fountain-Fountain-water lb iiij loyl them to a pinte and half and so let it stand a whole day close covered afterwards press it out and to the expression adde as much Vinegar with lb iij. of the best Honey let it be again gently boyled to a fit consistency Mervardus also and Bern. Dissennius think it cannot be made without water to which opinion some assent who mix twice as much water with this as with the Simple Oxymel But Sylvius saith this is needless seeing the Honey is first cocted and despumed in water and the Vinegar legitimately prepared with Scilla and the Acetum is thus made one pound of the segments of Scilla trajected on a thread and dried in a shade is macerated in eight pounds of white-Wine the mixture is insolated in either a Glass-vessel or an earthen one well glazed with an angust orifice by the space of forty days in the hot Sun then it is strained and the segments being ejected and the Liquorice preserved which was of more use heretofore then now There are many and various wayes of making it but the description we have given is most usual and agrees with that which Paulus Aegineta gives of it There are also many wayes of making Oxymel Scilliticum but Democrates Julian and the rest make it more compound but these are neglected and no where made therefore omitted by us It incides crass humours Vires takes away obstructions caused by crass humours impacted on the lungs and cures the Epilepsie Vertigo Cephalalgia and Hemitrania CHAP. 3. Oxymel Compositum or Compounded Oxymel â„ž of the roots of Smallage Fennel Parsly Butchers-broom Asperagrass of each â„¥ ij the seeds of Smallage and Fennel of each â„¥ j. boyl them all in lb xij of water in the clarified Colature mix of the best Honey lb iiij white-wine Vinegar lb j. coct it into a liquid Syrupe The COMMENTARY The compounded Oxymel is made like the simple Oxymel Stilliticum one simple and usual Vinegar is here substituted in stead of the other Praepositus makes a certain compounded aromatical Oxymel and another potently diuretical mixing with the one many Aromata's with the other Grass-Orris and Radish-roots but these may be added when use calls for it and no other composititious Oxymel kept in shops The quantity of Honey is not determined by Authors because it is sometimes to be made more acrimonious at other times sweeter But if we should define the quantity we would make it in a mean betwixt acritude and sweetness It incides Vires attenuates and absterges viscid and pituitous humours frees the liver spleen and bowels from obstructions expels the sand of the reins and bladder and moves urine CHAP. 4. Hydromel vinosum simplex or Simple vinous Hydromel â„ž of the best Honey lb x. pluvial or fluvial water lb lx boyl them together till an egge will swim at top then insolate it and preserve it The COMMENTARY If this Receipt like not any one he may take water and coct it to the absumption of its third part accurately absterging and abjecting the spume for thus the more dissipable part of the water being vanished the remnant will have a consistence like a liquid Syrupe its sapour will be sweet and the coction fit for conservation Many Medicaments mutuate their basis and appellations from Honey as Mulsam or Mede Hydromel both aqueous and vinous Oxymel and many other Medicinal Honeys of the succes of Plants as Rhodomel or Honey of Roses Honey of Violets Mercury Raisins Rosemary and Anacardium Mede consists onely of Water and Honey mixed in a different proportion and that is called dilute Mede that admits but of little Honey How to make Mede and very much water For we make Mede saith Oribasius when we mix much water with Honey and coct them till they cease to emit spume for then the spume must be taken off But the quantity of Honey must be augmented for pituious humours both to alter the peccant humour and to conciliate a more grateful gust Oribasius was out when he thought that Mede should be made of Wine and Honey and Melicrass of Honey and Water for they are both one Though Mesue calls Melicrass Oxymel and gives two descriptions thereof the one consists of Wine and Honey the other besides these two admits of many Aromata's as Cloves Cinamome sweet-Cane Mace and the like which by some he assenting thereto is called a Condite But this kinde of Potion which consists
they inject it into water and assume and keep what swims above and abjecting the water take what is in the bottom and inject it again into the reverberatory fire where they burn it as before and again dimit it into water what swims above they again take and keep what sinks to the bottom they again burn till it subside not but remain upon the superficies of the water which they collect dry and keep for special Chymical Martical Saffron Some make it thus They put the limature of Iron on a dish in a very hot fire and permit it to be red hot when it is cold they bray it laboriously in an Iron-Morter then wash it that the more sublime part may be separated with the water the crasser is again burned and brayed as before which they iterate seven or more times till all the limature become croceous Some wash the limature of Iron in Brine before they calcinate it and afterwards in Vinegar some macerate it in Urine others put Salt to it and others Tartar some burn it with Sulphur others turn it into Rubigo but as these preparations are too curious so are they needless and it is better to hold to one good way then hover doubtful amongst so many But the dust of Iron must be filed very small for this purpose that it may be better calcinated by the fire then it must be brayed afterwards demerged and much agitated in water and the supernatant part collected dryed with moderate heat and kept without further calcination the crasser part must be again immitted into the fire till the whole become volatile and then it is true Martial Saffron Alchymists make it also of other Metals for they have Saffron of Tinne Saffron of Venus but by how much they seem more perite Artificers by so much they are more imperite Medicks They say that Mars his Saffron roborates the liver and spleen Vires takes away the obstructions of the bowels and therefore cures the foetid colour of Virgins Of this and other Cordial Powders prudent Medicks make a Confection in form of a soft Electuary or Tabels called Diastomoma most efficacious in removing obstructions wherewith they mix the Powder of Worms But I had rather make it thus ℞ of Steel well preparedʒ ij Cinamonʒ ss the species for the Electuary of the three Sanders and de Gemmis of each ℈ j. the Powder of Dictamus ℈ ss with Sugar dissolved in Balm-water ℥ iiij of which make Tablets ofʒ iij. weight or ℥ ss one whereof take in the morning fasting They used to put more Sugar to Cordial Tabels but then they are less efficacious THE SECOND PART Of Powders necessary to be had in Shops IN the former part of this Section we have tradited onely most select Cordial Powders omitting onely such whose qualities were affine and similar whose descriptions were ungrounded and use disapproved Now in this second part we shall treat of such as being more frigid and sweeter are not as the former Aromatical but Bechical and Thoracical for they are convenient for the Cough of the Lungs and all Thoracical affections CHAP. 17. Pulvis Diaireos simplex ℞ of Florentine Orris ℥ ss Sugar-candy Pul. Diatrag. frigid of eachʒ ij make of them all a Powder to be kept for use The COMMENTARY The Author of this Powder is most uncertain but its use most frequent it should be conveniently excepted in Sugar duly cocted in the white of an Egge clarified with Coltsfoot-water and concinnated into Tabels or Lozenges Each ounce of Powder must have a pound of Sugar yea they sometimes put two ounces of Sugar to one dragm of Powder and the Electuary thus made is more grateful but less efficacious as on the contrary when each dragm of Powder receives an ounce of Sugar The manner of its preparation is so easie that it needs no further description It stayes the distillation of the Jaws Vires attenuates cocts and expectorates crass humours There is another composition of Diaireos denoted by Solomons name which being harder to make more insuave and no whit more efficacious is seldome made CHAP. 18. Pulvis Diatragacanthi frigidi or The Powder of cold Diatragacanthum D. Myrep ℞ of Penidees ℥ iij. Gum Thraganth ℥ j. Gum Arabickʒ x. Starch ℥ ss the seeds of white Poppyʒ iij. of the four greater cool seeds Liquorice of eachʒ ij Camphyr ℈ ss make of these a Powder The COMMENTARY This Powder hath its name and basis from Tragacanthum which in its composition is most prepollent It receives many Bechical viscid refrigerative and lenitive simples whereunto Myrepsus its Author addes Nettle-seed as very accommodate for the attenuation and expurgation of crass humours which because it makes the compound both in colour and sapour ingrateful is by Neotericks omitted others supplying its faculty better It is kept either in form of a Powder as the rest or of a tabulated Electuary each ounce of Powder admitting of a pound of Sugar It helps all hot affections of the lungs and breast Vires conduces much to such as are macilent or consumed it cures the Pleurisie asperity of the tongue and jaws and cocts and expectorates spittle CHAP. 19. Pulvis Diapendit sine speciebus or The Powder of Penidees without species D.N. Myreps ℞ of Penidees ℥ ij Pine-nuts sweet Almonds decorticated white Poppy-seed of eachʒ iij. the Juyce of Liquorice Gum Thraganth Arabick the four greater cool seeds Starch of eachʒ j. ss Camphyr gr viij make of them all a Powder The COMMENTARY Diapenidion is made either without species as in this form or with them when Cinamon Cloves and Ginger are added thereto as Myrepsus its Author describes it and the said species Almonds Poppy-seed and Liquorice-juyce are put in equal weight It is kept either in form of a Powder or of a solid Electuary which by the Authors advice may be thus made Three ounces of Violers must be macerated and cocted in a pound of water till the water be of a violaceous colour one pound of Sugar must be cocted in the colature to the consistence of a solid Electuary wherewith whilst hot the Penidees and other levigated simples must be so mixed and subacted that the mass may acquire a solid form whereof tabels or Rhombodies may be concinnated and reposed for use All with one consent confect Penidees thus but few agree in the proportion of the simples for each one changes their weight this we have delivered is the most usual form This Powder conduces very much to those that are infested with a cough Vires pleurisie difficulty of breathing asperity of jaws hoarseness and many vices of the lungs If it be made with the species besides the enumerated effects it also incides attenuates and cocts viscid crass and cold humours preparing them for expectoration CHAP. 20. Confectio de Rebecha ℞ of the Powder of Diaireos cold Diatraganth of eachʒ ij Powder of Liquorice ℥ ss Sugar-candyʒ iij. and with Gum Thraganth dissolved in
others for Medicine for Sheep nourish him the Silk-fly clothes him the Horse works for him and Worms cure him But more serve for mans Medicament then his Aliment whose Medicinal faculties are diversly extracted prepared and exhibited by perite Medicks whereof they most frequently confect Medicinal Oyls As CHAP. 1. Oleum Lumbricorum or Oyl of Earth-worms â„ž Earth-worms washed in White-wine of Red-wine and generous Wine of each lb ss clear and old Oyl lb ij boyl them till the absumption of the Wines let the percolated Oyl be kept for use The COMMENTARY Those descriptions which are founded on the testimony of no famous man never pass through many hands without some maims seeing any may freely change them without fear of rebuke Yet this Oyl though of an uncertain Author is alike described of all wherein there is no difference but onely in the dosis of wine and worms which are in some exemplars equal in others not Some describe less wine then will suffice for the coction of the worms others so much as will require longer coction VVe have given a a legitimate proportion of each to other For its preparation the Earth-worms must be often washed in change of waters and then in white-wine where they may subside an hour the lotion being finished and the wine abjected the worms must be put into a double vessel the Oyl with red or white wine affunded and all cocted till the wine be evaporated then may the Oyl trajected through a Canvas strainer be reposed for use Some bray the worms mix them with Oyl in form of an Unguent but such are of rare use It allayes the dolours of the articles Vires roborates the imbecility of the nerves from a cold cause and recreates all the nerves by way of liniment CHAP. 2. Oleum de Scorpionibus simp or Simple Oyl of Scorpions D. Mes â„ž of Scorpions nu xx or more or less according to their magnitude Oyl of bitter Almonds lb ij macerate them in a glass with a narrow mouth well stopped for thirty dayes in the heat of the Sun and then let the Oyl be strained and kept Oleum de Scorpionibus comp or Compound Oyl of Scorpions D. Mes â„ž of the roots of round Birthwort Gentian and Cypress of the bark of the roots of Capers of each â„¥ j. Oyl of bitter Almonds lb j. ss insolate them together in a vessel well covered for twenty days then adde Scorpions from ten to fifteen according to their bigness which insolate for a month afterwards let it be strained and kept The COMMENTARY Nature takes man for her Son whom she nourishes defends and liberates from diseases which she abigates either by the opposition of contraries or by the similarity or dissimilarity of Alexiterials Thus the Theriack which is in a mean betwixt the nature of man and of poyson cures malign contagious and pestilent diseases Thus Scorpions always to us offensive do not only cure the wounds themselves inflicted but also other venenate diseases by evoking the malign quality out of which by infusion and expression Mesue makes a simple Oyl consisting only of Scorpions and bitter Almonds and another more composititious besides these admitting of Cypress Aristolochy Gentian and the bark of the root of Capers If any one following Monardus his advice mix Scorpions with more Antidotes it shall be work worth his labour for it is of eximious vertue against all poyson and pestilence I have omitted the description of such more composititious Alexipharmacal Oyls because the frequent description of the same Medicament would make a man nauseate it Mesue took the compound Oyl we have transcribed from Rhasis which should rather be confected then the simple because more Medicinal and efficacious for whose confection the root of Cypress as also Aristolochy Gentian and the root of Capers must be minutely incided contunded then macerated in Oyl insolated and acted as the prescript shews Sylvius understands by one Kist of oyl one Sextary but we have put one pound and a half for a more certain dosis By way of liniment it helps venenate diseases Vires breaks the stones of the Reins and Bladder diduces the passages mitigates dolours and expels sand which it doth more effectually if the affected be therewith anointed after he comes out of a Bath Both of these Oyls have like faculties but the compound hotter and better CHAP. 3. Oleum de Castorio or Oyl of Beavers stones â„ž of Beavers stones cleansed from their membranes â„¥ j. white-wine â„¥ iij. Oyl lb j. let all be boyled together to the exhalation of the wine afterwards strained and kept The COMMENTARY Praepositus is not unjustly accused of latrociny for he stole the description of the Ancients not detecting their Authors that he might draw to himself their glory as it appears by that mole of Medicaments which he hath transcribed amongst which if there be any of his own invention they are not like the genuine offspring of a perite Medick or dexterous Apothecary which thing his description of the Oyl of Beavers stones sufficiently evinces for whose confection he prescribes â„¥ j. of Beavers stone to be decocted in lb j. of Oyl till the third be dissipated without the intervent of any wine water or fit decoction which the yongest Apprentice would finde to be imprudence for who knows not that Oyl will endure a whole dayes coction without sensible jacture unless it burn such things therefore as are cocted in Oyl mollifie not but become hard This Oyl may indeed be made without any liquor if it be onely macerated insolated and left for it was of old kept without percolation Fernelius adjects â„¥ j. of Aqua-vitae but this so small a portion cannot long endure fire Manlius gives another more composititious description which being harder to make and more sumptuous is seldome used we shall therefore hold to Praepositus his description with some castigation which shall effect as much as that of Manlius's pollicitates For it conduces to trembling Vires to the dolours of the nerves and articles to convulsious Fits and Palsey Mesue makes an Oyl of whole black Vipers cocted on a slow fire in an earthen vessel well leaded with a narrow orifice till their flesh be dissolved for the Itch Tetters and other cutaneous vices Fallopius assumes two Vipers of any colour cuts them in pieces immerges them in Oyl exposes them to the Sun about the canicular days in a vessel with a strait orifice afterwards expresses and keeps them which expression he prescribes as most conducible in curing the Ulcers of the French Pox. CHAP. 4. Oleum Vulpinum or Oyl of Foxes â„ž a Fox at his full growth and fat his intrails taken out and his skin pulled off and cut into small pieces of common Salt â„¥ iij. tops of Dill Thyme Germander of each m. j. boyl them together in an equal quantity of water and white-wine till the flesh be separated from the bones and to lb ij of the Colature add
faculties for both are sarcotical filling Ulcers with flesh and perducing them to sanity CHAP. 17. Unguentum Enulatum cum Mercurio or The Oyntment of Enula with Mercury ℞ of the root of Enula boyled in Vinegar and pulped lb j. Hogs-suet ℥ iij. new Wax ℥ j. Quicksilver killed clear Turpentine of each ℥ ij common Salt ℥ ss make it into an Unguent of a just consistence The COMMENTARY Praepositus discerpted this description from Myrepsus who hath such an Unguent in the end of his third Section who that he might seem the first Author added Oyl Wax Salt and Turpentine and made it more efficacious yet before this adjection Myrepsus because of its admirable faculties called it The wonderful Unguent Pharmacopolists make it most usually after the greater description as more secure then the simple one though both of them are averse to Nature because of the Quicksilver yet its extinction by spittle or the succe of Lemmons may excuss all fear from their mindes Moreover Turpentine and Swines-grease are added thereto which would obscure its ferity if any remained Some put Sulphur in stead of Quicksilver others the succe of Fumatory or Lemmons some to the confection of this Unguent onely bray the root of Enula in Vinegar and traject it through a sieve but it is better to coct it to putrelage in two pounds of Vinegar and two pounds of water rather then in Vinegar onely for so it is too acrimonious Let the grease therefore be added to the wax melted in Oyl and afterwards adde the pulp of Enula then the Quicksilver Salt and Turpentine which mix together agitate and subact into an Unguent It is very efficacious in curing the dry and moist Scab from what cause soever and other foedities of the skin Vires CHAP. 18. Unguentum ad Vermes or An Unguent against Worms ℞ of the lesser Centaury Wormwood flower of Lupines of eachʒ j. Pulp of Coloquintida macerated in Vinegar and dryed ℈ ij Oyl of bitter Almonds lb ss Wax ℥ j. ss make it into an Unguent of a just consistence The COMMENTARY Worms are generated in many parts of the body especially in such where there is any corrupt excrementitious matter as in the Intestines out of which three kindes of Worms are rejected out of the superiour Intestines round and long ones out of the Colon broad ones and out of the straight gut ascarides or short grubs all are killed by sharp salt acid and amare Medicaments introsumed as by Aloes Southernwood and Rhabarb or externally adhibited as by the Unguent we have here described for whose preparation Coloquintida must be first brayed and macerated in Vinegar then dryed by insolation or the heat of ashes afterwards it must be mixed with wax melted in Oyl with the other simples redacted to powder then all must be agitated and accurately united into an Unguent It kills Worms Vires if the umbilical region be anointed therewith or the whole belly or if a part thereof be injected into the belly like a Glyster up the Fundament CHAP. 19. Unguentum ad Achoras vulgo Tineam or An Oyntment against Moth. D. Gordion ℞ of white and black Hellebore living Brimstone Auripigmentum Lithargie Lime-stone not quenched Alome Galls Soot of each ℥ ss Quicksilver killed Verdigrease of eachʒ ij make of these a Powder which boyl upon a gentle fire in the Juyces of Borrage Scabious Fumatory Sorrel and Vinegar of each ℥ iij. and when the Juyces are consumed adde old Oyl lb j. liquid Pitch ℥ ss Wax a little to make it up into an Unguent The COMMENTARY Gordonius is perhibited the first Author of this Unguent though Johannes de Concoregio mentions one who dissents from the dosis of the Hellebores limited by him as also Guido Cauliacus who detracts much from the quantity of Quicksilver and Verdigrease whose castigation we follow The Quicksilver may be extinguished after many manners but the most usual way is by jejune spittle or succe of Lemmons or sometimes of Henbane the rest are easie to prepare and the form is plain Gordonius saith that this Unguent is of such eximious vertue that it will without doubt after purgation of the body cure all infections curable by humane knowledge as the Moth Scab Vires Malid Mortuum Morphews and all other infections wherefore as he saith it should be had in much honour and reverence CHAP. 20. Unguentum Apostolorum or The Oyntment of the Apostles D. Avic ℞ of common Oyl lb ij Wax Turpentine Rosine Ammoniacum of eachʒ xiiij Lithargie of Goldʒ ix round Birthwort Olibanum Bdellium of eachʒ vj. Myrrhe Galbanum of each ℥ ss Opoponax Verdigrease of eachʒ ij make it into an Unguent The COMMENTARY They say Avicenna both invented and denominated this Unguent and yet he neither knew the number of the Apostles nor worshipped God in that way for such as follow Gods Laws and know him truly know thus much for certain that the Apostles cured the diseased by words and the very shadow of their vestures and not by Unguents Whence I easily believe that the Interpreters of the Arabian Tongue erred in rendring this Unguent which Avicenna calls Alhauarim The Apostles Unguent But whoever imposed this Nomenclature I will not disallow of it for it designs a Compound of so many Simples as there were Apostles which is thus made First the Gummes are macerated twelve hours in Vinegar then strained and cocted on a slow fire to the spissitude of Honey wherein whilst hot Turpentine should be diluted in the mean-while the Lithargie should be levigated in Oyl and nutrited on a slow fire in which the Wax and Rosine must be melted with which after ablation from the fire the Gummes duly prepared must be injected then Aristolochy Myrrhe and Frankincense and at length Rust whose dofis many imperitely augment that they may make the Unguent more green but it acquires more vehement acrimony together with its colour and thence becomes too mordacious and noxious It expurges wounds and contumacious Ulcers by detersion absumes dead flesh and accelerates the restitution of new flesh The Unguent of Chalk seven or ten times washed in common water and then in Rosewater and excepted into a sufficient quantity of Oyl and redacted to the crassitude of an Unguent doth very much agree with this in quality for it efficaciously exterges corruption from Ulcers absumes humidity and heals them There is another more composititious Unguent of this sort made whereunto they adde Ceruse Pompholyx Lithargie Calves-fat and the Unguent of Roses but it is seldome in use CHAP. 21. Unguentum Aegyptiacum or The Aegyptian Unguent ℞ Verdigrease ℥ v. Honey ℥ xiiij strong Vinegar ℥ vij boyl them upon a fire till they be brought into the form of an Unguent The COMMENTARY That all Aegyptians were Medicks is now a Proverb and that the first Laws of curing and many Medicaments were deduced from them their ancient Writings and Monuments attest But the Greeks alwayes covetous of glory have so craftily
Sparadraps Page 127 The fourth Book The rules or laws that ought to be observed in the compounding of Medicaments Chap. 1. WHo first Compounded Medicaments and the reason of Composition Page 128 Chap. 2. Of the basis of Medicaments and the mode of their Collocation in receipts Page 130 Chap. 3. Of the forms and end of Medicaments Page 132 Chap. 4. Of the Several weights of Medicaments and their marks Page 134 Chap. 5. Of the measures that Physitians use Page 136 Chap. 6. Of the quantity of Medicaments to be exhibited Page 137 Chap. 7. A just proportion of Medicaments can scarce be defined yet a little in excess or defect is not perilous Page 139 Chap. 8. Of such Medicaments as may without harm be taken in a great quantity for whom they are Convenient and when Page 140 Chap. 9. Of such as must be prescribed in small quantity Page 142 Chap. 10. In what quantity Simples should be mixed in Composition Page 143 Chap. 11. Of the manner how to repose Medicaments conveniently Page 145 Chap. 12. Of the Conservation and duration of Medicaments Page 147 Chap. 13. Of such as by a certain Antinomasia are preferred before others from which their denomination is desumed Page 148 Chap. 14. Of such roots seeds flowers stones and waters as excel others in dignity Page 150 Chap. 15. Of Succedaneous Medicaments Page 151 Chap. 16. What Medicaments are and when they are rightly substituted Page 153 Chap. 17. Of adulterate Medicaments Page 157 The fifth Book The several forms of Medicaments whose use is Excellent in preventing and profligating diseases SECT 1. Of such as may be assumed at the mouth 1. OF some ordinary Decoctions common by their long use 161 2. A description of a dose 163 3. Of a Purgative potion 164 4. Of Juleps 166 5. Of distilled Restoratives 167 6. Of decoctions or Apozemes 168 7. Of Gargarismes 160 8. Of Emulsions 161 9. Of Amidalates 163 10. Of the Ptisane or Hordeate used by the Ancients 164 11. Of Lohochs or Eclegms made for present use 165 12. Of Apophlegmatismes 166 13. Of a purging Bolus 167 14. Of Opiates 168 15. Of Condites or preserves 169 16. Of the regal paste 170 17. Of Marchpane Ibid. 18. Of Piniolates or Pignolates 171 19. Of Pandalea's 172 20. Of Hypoglottian Medicaments commonly called Sublingues 173 21. Of Tables or Tabulets Ibid. 22. Of Powders 176 SECT 2. 1. OF Errhines 178 2. Of Pessaries 172 3. Of Nadils or Penicills 180 4. Of Suppositories 181 5. Of Glysters 183 SECT 3. Of such as are extrinsecally to be applyed 1. OF Bathes 185 2. Of A Semicapium or Insess 186 3. Of a Vaporary 187 4. Of a Hypocaust or Sudatory 188 5. Of Fomentations 189 6. Of Epithemes 190 7. Of the manner of Lotion 191 8. Of an Embroch or sprinkling 192 9. Of a Liniment 193 10. Of Muslidges 194 11. Of Collyries 194 12. Of Virgins Milk 197 13. Of Alome-water 198 14. Of Irontals Ibid. 15. Of Cataplasms 200 16. Of Empasms and Diapasms 201 17. Of Sinapisms Phaenigms 202 18. Of Dropax and Piccation 203 19. Of Psylothers 204 20. Of Vesicatories 205 21. Of Pyroticks and Cauteries 206 22. Of Plaifters for the stomach or descuto 208 23. Of Quilted Caps 209 24. Of Bags 210 25. Of Dentifrices 211 26. Of Odoraments 212 27. Of perfumes and Suffumigatories 213 Three Books of Medicinal Materials Treating of such things as are requisite for Compositions made and kept in Apothecaries Shops The first Book Of Plants SECT 1. Chap. 1. OF Water Page 217 Chap. 2. Of Wine Page 219 Chap. 3. Of Vinegar Page 221 Chap. 4. Of Omphacy Page 222 Chap. 5. Of Sugar Page 223 Chap. 6. Of Honey Page 224 Chap. 7. Of Manna Page 226 Chap. 8. Of Cordial-flowers and first of Violets Page 227 Chap. 9. Of Bugloss-flowers Page 228 Chap. 10. Of Borage-flowers Ibid. Chap. 11. Of the four common Emollitives and first of Mallows Page 229 Chap. 12. Of Brank-Ursine Page 230 Chap. 13. Of Mercury Page 231 Chap. 14. Of Pellitory of the wall Ibid. Chap. 15. Of Bete and Arack Page 232 Chap. 16. Of the five Capillaries and first of true Maiden-hair Page 233 Chap. 17. Of common Maiden-hair Page 234 Chap. 18. Of Polytrich Page 235 Chap. 19. Of Ceterach Ibid. Chap. 20. Of Salvia vitae Page 236 Chap. 21. Of some other Plants that are of the second sort of Capillaries and first of Moon-fern Ibid. Chap. 22. Of Dodder Page 237 Chap. 23. Of the five opening roots and first of Smallage Ibid. Chap. 24. Of Petroseline Page 238 Chap. 25. Of Sperage Page 239 Chap. 26. Of Fennel Ibid. Chap. 27. Of Butchers-Broom Page 240 Chap. 28. Of the four greater Coole-seeds Ibid. Chap. 29. Of the four lesser Coole-seeds and first of Lettice Page 241 Chap. 30. Of Purslain and its seed Page 242 Chap. 31. Of other less Cooling-seeds and by the way of Succeraceous Plants Page 243 Chap. 32. Of the four hot seeds and first of Annis Page 244 Chap. 33. Of Cummin Page 245 Chap. 34. Of Caraway Page 246 Chap. 35. Of the other four seeds which are hot in a lesser degree and first of Ameos Ibid. Chap. 36. Of Our Ladies-Rose Page 247 Chap. 37. Of Carret Page 248 Chap. 38. Of Some flowers from which most efficacious waters and Oyls are extracted and first of Roses Ibid. Chap. 39. Of Water-Lillies Page 249 Chap. 40. Of Lilly Page 250 Chap. 41. Of Saffron Page 251 SECT 2. Of Purgative Simples Chap. 1. ORhabarb Page 252 Chap. 2. Of Cassia Page 253 Chap. 3. Of Tamarinds Page 254 Chap. 4. Of Myrabolans Page 255 Chap. 5. Of Aloes Page 256 Chap. 6. Of Senna Page 257 Chap. 7. Of Mechoachan root Page 258 Chap. 8. Of Agarick Ibid. Chap. 9. Of Polipody Page 259 Chap. 10. Of Carthamus Page 260 Chap. 11. Of Wallwort or Dwarf-Elder Page 261 Chap. 12. Of Devills-Milk or Esula Ibid. Chap. 13. Of Hermodacts Page 262 Chap. 14. Of Turbith Page 263 Chap. 15. Of Scamony Page 264 Chap. 16. Of Hellebore Page 265 Chap. 17. Of Coloquintida Page 266 Chap. 18. Of Widdow-wail and Spurge-Olive or Mezereon and Chanilaea Page 267 Chap. 19. Of Thymellaea or Spurge-flax Page 268 Chap. 20. Of Laurel Ibid. Chap. 21. Of Kicinus or Palma Christi Page 269 Chap. 22. Of Soldanella Ibid. SECT 6. Of Exotical Calefactives Chap. 1. OF Ginger Page 270 Chap. 2. Of Zerumbet Page 271 Chap. 3. Of Setwel Page 272 Chap. 4. Of Galanga Ibid. Chap. 5. Of Acorus or Water-flag Page 273 Chap. 6. Of Calamus Aromaticus or the Aromatical-reed Ibid. Chap. 7. Of Costus Page 274 Chap. 8. Of Both Beens Page 275 Chap. 9. Of Scecachal Page 276 Chap. 10. Of Cinamon Ibid. Chap. 11. Of Nutmeg Mace and Macer Page 278 Chap. 12. Of Pepper Page 279 Chap. 13. Of Cloves Page 280 Chap. 14. Of Cardamoms Ibid. Chap. 15. Of Cubebs Page 281 Chap. 16. Of Carpobalsamum and other Balsams Page 282 Chap. 17. Of Kermes Page 283 Chap. 18. Of Squinant Page
Apothecaries prepare daily and openly before all mens eyes and places them in convenient pots and glasses and other vessells in their shops either for present use or perseverance till occasion serves and of those the Physician selects for the necessity of the exigent sometimes this sometimes that and prescribes how much is most convenient to be administred for the expelling of the disease Now the Physicians work is not to prepare these Medicins but to prescribe them hence it is that Apothecaries are tearmed the Physicians hand for it is better to commit our lives into the hands of two than one to operate according to Prescript for if the Physician alone should prescribe prepare and afford Medicines It were too great a trouble to ly upon one mans shoulders Besides he hath power to save or kill and not to be liable to punishment by Law Which is an Impious and Intolerable thing an act not to be indured therefore it was ordained that Apothecaries should be appointed who ought to prepare and preserve Medicaments and to distribute them out in certain quantities according to the Doctors Judgment and decree But I would not abrogate Chymicall remedies totally from Apothecaries shops for there are many of them of excellent vertue Chimica remedia non negligenda to the dissipating of many crabbed distempers but they are such as the learned and skilfull onely should use and not ignorant Mountebanks Qui debeant uti chymicis remediis and wandering Quacks and deceivers who scarce know how to prepare a Medicin yet will proclaime themselves to the world to be more skilfull than Galen and Hyppocrates But to returne to our intended purpose I say there are divers modes of preparing Medicins which that I may prosecute in order I will begin with Lotion afterwards I will extend my discourse to those ingredients which are simply prepared with water often when medicinall with juice or other liquor then I will demonstrate what preparations are made with contunding grinding or scraping afterwards I will explaine what preparation heat performes and I will add to these those that are finished with a mixed manner CHAP. III. Of Lotion LOtion by learned Sylvius is accounted the last manner of preparation Primus praeparationis modus cur by some the middle but by us the first because most Ingredients before they will serve our use before any other preparation can be made ought to be washed though some I confesse are not to be washed till they be burned rosted or scraped This Lotion is twofold Duplex Lotio the one a superficiary Lotion which detracts the adherent filth from the superficies of roots hearbs and other Medicinall materialis and It is common to all other things which being inquinated with clay or other pollutions are to be washed the other is more intimate which dilates it self both without and within and thorow the whole substance Now this preparation is made in water or other liquor for this end and purpose to remove some notious quality or to introduce some good one as the disease it self the nature of the disease or the occasion requires The Ingredient or materiall to be washed is either obdurate solid or stony as the substance of shells bones stones concrete Juices dry gums and metalls or such as are of themselves liquid as Turpenttne Oyle or such as are easy to be melted as wax pitch rosin butter or such as are dissoluble as Lime-stones Bole armeniack Lytharge of God or Silver Those things that are hard and solid before washing ought to be pulverized or burned and so bruised that they cannot be grinded without ustion as Ivory and Harts-horne and so the water or liquor may reach wash and purge every part Those that will easily melt as Wax and Rosin c. ought first to be warmed that being melted they may more eafily yield or be made more pliable if they will easily dissolve of themselves they are to be sprinkled with some water or juice and then washed if liquid of themselves they are to be washed by continuall stirring and commixing water or other liquor with the body of the thing to be washed The liquors in which this Lotion is made is either pure water as fountain or rain-rain-water or medicinall as sulphurous Sea water or Bituminous or some other humour as milk honey vinegar the juice of Plants distilled water and decoctions of simple medicaments This Lotion is either much and hard or little and light or a medium or mean for the things that are washed for the detraction of their filth ought either to be washed strongly or lightly and the water so off changed till it remaines pure and all its impurity segregated and ejected Those that are washed in a medicinall liquor should lye in the same a certain space according to appointment as a whole night or the space of some houres that they may attract the greater power from the liquor or loose their malignant quality This preparationis injuriously called by Sylvius A Lotion when it is rather an Infusion or Maceration or rather as another hath it an Imbution Imbutio quid for the liquor seldom or never adds faculties to the Medicin but rather detracts from it as we see in Rhabarb and others steeped in water whose purgative faculty remaines by being transmitted into the Liquor Yet are they not washed that they may so lose their vertues but increase them Aloe cur abluatur and so in Mesues judgement Aloes should be washed in odoriferous water that it may coroborate the more or in some purging juice or decoction as juice of Roses or the infusion thereof that it may with more celerity relax the belly yet it is not alwayes washed that its purging faculty may be intended but rather that its heat may be remitted as when it is washed in the water of Endive Succory or such like that it may not too much exestuate the liver Lotion therefore ex consequenti either adds to or detracts from medicinall materialls and causes not onely the filth to be wiped off but also mitigates in some their acrimony in others destroyes their malignity and dulls their violence and makes them better either to be assumed or applyed Now that Metalls may be washed Metallica ut abluenda they ought to be pulverized very small and then to be put into pure water or any other Medicinall liquor and to be continually stirred with a wooden Spatula for a whole day and in the morning following the water to be powred out and other water put on and agitated as before till the water that 's powred off be cleere and by this means Metalls lose their Mordacity and Acrimony if they have any such quality for Tutia washed thus is void of all mordacity and therefore we use it Tutiae lotic for the fluxions of the eyes so likewise many other Metalls being thus washed lose their Acrimonious quality As Galen shewes at large 4. Comp. Med.
Gener c. 2. The Ancients were wont to quench burnt brasse in Asses milk two or three times over Cadmia lotio then pulverized it in a morter with water powred on it and so dryed it againe and so preserved it to dry up ulcers of the eyes and drive away fluxions Ceruss is often washed in milk sometimes in rain-rain-water Cerusae lotio and sometimes in distilled water as the Physician orders it The usuall custome of our Apothecaries in the preparation of steele is to wash or sprinkle its dust with vineger Chalybis lotio vulgaris according to the Arabians custome afterwards they dry it on a large marble in the hot Sun dryed they bruise it again and put on vineger as before and so they do seven times but this is not simply Lotion but a manifest preparation yet is the dust of iron more laborioufly prepared by Alcumists of which they make their Crocus Martis but of this we have spoken one where The Lotion of Lead is thus Plumbi lotio first burnt well in a Crucible then pulverized in a Leaden morter with a Leaden pestill with rain-water till the water wax thick like blackish clay then the liquor must be strained dryed made into balls and kept To preserve unctious substances Adioum meductarum ablutio first the Adeps or Medulla must be melted then strained from the drossy Membranes afterwards washed well in water till it appears pure and cleere The preparation of a Wolfs Liver consists in ablution siccation Jecoris Lupi praeparatio First let it be washed over and over in odoriferous wine in which wormewood hath first been boyled being thus washed according to Art Let it be well dryed in an Oven then afterwards laid in a dry place with dry Wormwood or Mint This Lotion is by some highly commended as of sufficient roboration to ballance the weakness of the Liver which is naturally so by reason of its ill odor and insuavity The intestines also of a Wolfe must be washed and prepared after the same manner Intestini Lupi praeparatio save that they must be dryed in the North-wind they are commended by some learned Doctors for some speciall qualities in or against the Cholick passions Oyle Olei Lotio whilst it is in the water must not be much beaten least it be so mixed with the water that it cannot easily be separated from it clearly without some commixtion As for Rosin Refinarum picie Lotio Wax and Pitch let them first be melted upon the fire with a certain quantity of water and purge away their dross by straining them thorow a cloth Galen cap. 14. libr. 1. comp Med. gener cap. 58. lib. 9. de simpl Med. fac cap. 3. lib. 6. Meth. Lime also Calcis ablutio though it burnes vehemently yet twice or thrice washed its mordacity is taken away and may be safely applyed to any part whether Nervous or not which is a place most exquisitly indued with sense some wash it seven times over and make it up into a round ball which being dryed they so preserve it for future uses To shew gradually the preparation of severall Medicaments distinctly were superfluous and would be burdensome to the Reader both because Sylvius hath treated largely upon this subject and also because we have added many Lotions to many Medicaments in the Pharmacopoeia with other preparations of those compositions prescribed in it CHAP. IV. Of the Purgation of Medicaments BY Lotion of which we have treated in the former Chapter the filth and corruption mixed with Medicinall materialls is washed off but their superfluous and noxious parts are not purged thereby for French Barley though a thousand times washed will scarce lose it hilling nor other seeds their chaff and coverings nor fruits their skins or barks nor nuts their shells neither can fat onely by washing be purged from its Membranes therefore should be twice cocted and no more according to Hyppocrates advice before it be used in generall all Medicaments more or lesse should be purged by detraction which cannot be performed so much by Lotion as by Section Rasion and fraction or some other Artificiall Industry of the hand Thus the externall part of roots are scraped by cutting off their little fibres or the heart of them commonly so called taken out of them Yet sometimes they are not purged from their barks but the barks from every part as from superfluous and uselesse matter for of the Cinamon-tree the bark only is most desirable of Ginger the root of Santall-tree the wood of Canes the marrow or pith of Maiden haire the leaves onely of the Rose-tree the flowers of Pepper the seed other parts since they are either lesse usefull or superfluous are purged away For this reason the Medulla or pith of Cassia Fistula is separated from its cane Raisins from their stones Dates from their shells the Colocinth separated from its seeds the hillings from many seeds but from many fruits nothing the Cortex Medulla juice seed and flowers of Citron and Orange are good and usefull Whereas Nuts and Almonds are involved in a threefold skin wherefore they should be thrice purged the skin which is thick in some is taken away by the first the shell is broken by the second and the cover next to the kernell is taken away by the third wherein it is involved As a Child in a sheet in the wombe the usuall custome is to put Almonds or Nuts into water and when 't is ready to boyle rub them between your fingers and they will easily be cleansed CHAP. V. Of Infusion INfusion is a preparation of certain Medicaments whereby they are sliced into small peeces or bruised and so steeped in a liquor fit and convenient to the Physicians intention and that by the space of one houre or two or more dayes or weeks according to the nature of the Medicament or the Physicians Order for those that have a hard compact substance and a quality firmely inhering in the substance ought to be steeped or infused longer those that are small and tender a lesser space The use of this Infusion is chiefly threefold that the maligne force of the Medicine may be regulated or altogether absumed that the benigne or good quality may be made better or their vertues transmitted into the liquor Turbith before 't is used Turpethi praeparatio ought to be steeped in new milk and afterwards dryed that it may not gripe the bowells when it is assumed Mezeorus laureola before they be exhibited in any Medicine ought to be steeped in white Wine and afterwards dryed that their crabbedness might be mitigated The five opening roots after Lotion should be steeped in vineger Quinque radicum aperientium praeparatio that they might the easier cut viscid Phlegme and sooner deduce humors by the passage dedicated to the expelling of humor Nettle-seed Urticae semen quibus conveniat steeped in the decoction of the
and then the oyl to be pressed out for the commixtion of the other ingredients Ginger with other hard roots green Almonds with other fruits are to be macerated so long till they the wax soft or loose their unprofitable or ungratefull quality In the making of syrup of Poppyes Syrupus de papavere the heads of the Poppyes are to be macerated in water for a day or two or sometimes three till they wax tender and their quality transmitted into the water Lignum Pali sancti and that Peregrine root Guaiacum Radix Chinae which the Easterne Indians calls Lampatan will scarce emit their vertues without a long maceration before their coction The same method must be observed with other woods and roots which ought to be macerated in some or other convenient liquor answerable to their propertyes that their vertues of what kind soever they be may be transmitted into the water or decoction Dates must be macerated three whole dayes in vinegar according to the prescript of Mesue before they be pulped Dates for the composition of Diaphaenicon Tamarinds and Mirabolans also must be macerated in whey made of Goates milk that according to the opinion of the same Author their bad and Nocumentall qualities may be amended and that they may no wayes offend the stomack Tincture or infection is neere a kin to humectation and maceration Tincture of Insection for those that are to be infected must be immerged into some certain juice yet not alwayes for the colour or tincture only but that it may acquire a more excellent quality As Sericum Crudum tinctured in Succo Cocci Baphicae Cochaneel or with a decoction of Kermes Berries before it go into the composition of Confectio Alkermes that it may more increase its Cardiack quality and give it a more delightfull tincture Digestion also may be reduced to Maceration by which Medicaments are occluded in some convenient vessell or other close shut as meat in the stomach and so macerated adding thereunto Wine Vineger Oyle or some other convenient juice Chymists make a more ample discussion of digestion but nihil attinet ad nos under which they comprehend rectification insolation and sometimes nutrition CHAP. IX Of Triture WHen Medicaments of themselves hard and solid cannot conveniently be assumed or applied therefore they are prepared and changed by Apothecaries with such Art that they may easily and wholesomely be assumed for they breake and pulverize them and that either grosse or fine as the occasion requires Now this breaking of Medicaments is chiefly for three ends The reasons of pulverization First That they may be exactly mixed with others Secondly That they may acquire a new faculty Thirdly That their malignity may be corrected The manner of breaking of Medicaments The divers manner of wayes of Triture is different and various for many are brayed in a stone morter as in Marble others in Metall morters as Iron Brass Lead and sometimes glasse others in a Wooden morter as of Box or Guajaicum with pestells usually of the same matter for an Iron pestell is most apt for an Iron morter a Wooden one for a Wooden morter a Leaden for a Leaden morter and a glasse pestell for a glasse morter Some cannot nor will not be so exactly pulverated by beating as by grinding and rubbing and that upon a smooth marble made hollow for that purpose where instead of a pestell we use a little marble stone called a Mannipulus which we hold in our hand and circumduce it this way and that way round the stone Gemms so that we leave no part of the Medicamet unrubbed and after this manner Gemmes and pretious stones are made into powder till we can perceive no knobbs with our fingers which powder so brayed the vulgar call marbled dust after which manner also those powders ought to be attenuated which go to the making up of Ophthalmick unguents Some are brayed and ground with turning stones as Wheat and Barly in a Mill and so a great quantity of hard seeds may easily and speedily be bruised and grinded to powder Those Medicaments we prepare onely for coction need but little bruising and those also that are of a thin substance whose vertue is dissipable need but little bruising also as almost all flowers And those require much bruising that are hard thick solid nervous and not easy to be broken as also such as partake of a malignant quality as Colocinth the grosser part whereof assumed being not well powdered inheres in the turning of the Intestines and exulcerates the part causing the bloody flux Those that confist of a meane substance as many odoriferous simples must be bruised moderately least their more subtill and odoriferous parts should exhale and be dissipated yet they must be beaten very small when they go to the confection of any electuary and when we would have them to search and penetrate to the remotest parts then must they be beaten very fine when we would have them to stay long in the body then they must be courser provided they be not indued with any maligne quality some must be beaten very fine and small that they may sooner performe their operation and manifest their power Roots and hearbs are sometimes beaten green and sometimes dry sometimes raw sometimes boyled for their different ends and uses but those must alwayes but be bruised mode rately that are to be boyled for alwayes observe Note that a greater Triture is requisit for roots than leaves lesser for fruits and a meane for seeds For seeds require but a contusion betwixt roots and hearbs So likewise many Medicaments can scarce be redacted to powder unless something be mixed with them The husks of Silkwormes As Coloquintido fericum crudum Camphire and many more which onely dilate by beating them alone unlesse there be some unctious or liquid matter superadded sometime we use to sprinkle some with wine other with water some with oyl and vineger that they may not only sooner be brought into powder but also better serve our intention The harder part of Animalls as bones hornes clawes nailes may be more easily pulverated if they be first filed or burned in a Crucible There are some who also burn Sericum Crudum Sericum must not be burned wooll and the haires of severall Animalls before they powder them but thereby they loose their former vertues and acquire new ones and therefore it is better to cut them small and dry them in an oven and so beat them strongly till they returne into powder some unctious seeds as the four great coole-seeds are to be excortiated before they be powdered because they clog and sticke to the pestell many gumms dropps and juices conveighed to us from far Countryes are full of tender fibres and as it were covered with a coare which are so hard to be broken and dissolved the innermost not dry of it self that they cannot be beaten to powder alone but must first be
plates or slices and so both inflamed together and stirred with an iron spatula In the interim heware lest the most noxious exhalation of the Lead pierce the nostrils Halitus plumbi for it greatly hurts the brain by its commixture with Quicksilver because of which also it offends the nerves and often causes stupidity and the Palsey to such especially as work much in Lead Now Sulphur and Nitre is put to the thing to be burned being a very valid and strong compage to the thing whose volatibles would sooner be dissipated otherwise than their fixed parts overcome by the flame as Alcumists observe And Assation is related to Ustion yea 't is a certain way to Ustion so is Ustion to Calcination and Calcination to Cinefaction but Cinefaction is most competent to Combustion for all combustible things are ordained for flames For in Minerals where there is scarce any fuel for the flame few or no ashes are left after Ustion of wood nothing but ashes yet both combustible and incombustible things may be levigated Combustibles whil'st they are attenuated into ashes by burning Incombustibles whil'st after Ustion by pulveration or grinding on a Marble stone they are attenuated into Alcool or small dust If these shall not satisfie the Reader he shall finde a more special ustion of Medicaments daily used of us in our Book called the Apothecaries Shop CHAP. XIV Of Extinction EXtinction is a suffocation of a matter hot or fiery in some Liquor Extinctio quid Now this matter is extinguished either when often burned or when onely ignified or heated as when Gems or Metals are extinguished in Wine-vinegar pure or stillatitious matter or some juice or liquor till they be totally cold ere they have been perfectly burned Many things are oft to be extinguished as Lapis Pyrites some but once as Galls and some are extinguished of themselves without the affusion of any humid matter Weckerus saith that Quicksilver may be extinguished with mans fasting spittle yet things not ignified are improperly said to be extinguished but be mended and prepared by fasting Spittle and mended by Sage for Spittle makes it more apt to be incorporated with other mixtures Sage amends corrects and asswages its fierceness for Sage is so called from its preservative faculty Salvia as it were Salvatrix for it much roborates the brain and nerves which the malevolent faculty of Quicksilver offends which should be mended with the juice of Sage A lump or mass of Gold often burned in the fire Aqua extinctionis auri is sometimes extinguished in common water which water is good for such as have the bloody Flux to shut the orifices of the vessels and for the leprous to roborate their principal parts and exhilerate their spirits for it is not a rash conceit that Gold as well refreshes the internals as the externals As the water wherein Steel hath often been extinguished is usefull to drive away many affects so Steel it self beaten to dust burned and extinguished in Vinegar is excellent for many uses of which more elswhere The virtue of Extinction is such that it attracts and retains the virtues of the humour in which it is extinguished So Cadmia or Lapis Galaminaris is sometimes extinguished in Wine sometimes in Vinegar for the various institutions of the Physician and Iron is sometimes extinguished in water mixed with oil that it may be more doctile to be made into Helmets or such pieces of Armour sometimes in water onely that it may be the more fragil CHAP. XV. Of Calfaction Insolation and Refrigeration CAlfaction is a certain manner of preparing Medicaments Calfactio quid as well simple as compound whereby they are neither boyled nor burned but moderately calefyed either in the sun or by the fire or by the heat of some putrid matter that these may be strained mollified and mixed more commodiously or that they may be used more easily and happily So an infused Medicament is calefied before it be strained not onely that all its quality may be transmitted into the liquor but that the liquor may more readily-permeate and wholly draw out Apothecaries do successfully give hot Glysters prescribed for such as labour in the Collick if it proceed not from choler warm ones to such as are sick of a Feaver not that their grief should wax hotter but to mitigate it and help the motion of Nature and the exclusion of the humour upward may be more easy Scarce any thing actually cold should be exhibited whether the remedy be applyed or assumed Also Baths and the very Linnen sick folks use should be moderately warmed Many Medicaments also must be calefied that they may more easily be broken mixed dissolved and strained Insolation is so like and near to Calfaction Insolatio quid that the one may easily supply the others course and place for they both promise the same effect And it is like a certain coction Hydromel vinosum quomodo fiat when Hydromel is calefied by being set in the Sun forty dayes whil'st the Dog-star rules for being more concoct it may be a taste like Wine Yet doth not this Art onely make it become like Wine What Hydromel is but that which is prepared of four pints of running water and one pound of honey must be so long cocted before Insolation till a raw egge may swim above it which we call Hydromel Now Conserves are insolated or calefied in the Sun that all their parts may be fermented together and their more humid matter discussed especially such as are prepared of cold leaves and flowers and should be kept a long time which will be a means to hinder their working up The juice of the herb Scylla by Galens advice cap. ult lib. de puere epileptico must be drawn out by Insolation or Coction in the Sun when the Air is obscure it may be extracted with fire and such Medicaments as by the institution of Winter cannot be insolated may be dryed by the Fire in Winter by the Sun in Summer Many Oils may be made by the infusion of flowers and permixtion of other things and may be insolated for the space of more or fewer dayes as the quantity and faculty of the thing infused requires For things more hot and dry need little or no Insolation cold and moyst longer Insolation Vinegar altered by flowers Vinegar of Roses must be prepared after the same manner For Rose leaves should be more insolated Elder flowers a shorter time as also that Vinegar which admits of Garlick Mint the flowers of Betony and Gilliflowers The Refrigeration also of Medicaments pertains to the Apothecary Refrigeratio for he refrigerates such things as he would have to congeal as jelly as also such things as are after coction hard he reposes in his Shop as solid Electuaries dry Conserves and Plasters Now Refrigeration differs from Extinction in this that all things extinguished are refrigerated not on the contrary c. CHAP. XVI Of Putrefaction and
are often made Apozemes if they be dissolved in the decoction of Plants or Juleps if in distilled waters they often also ingrede the confection of Eclegmes Opiates and Condites both that they may acquire better acceptation and vertue and also a consistency more convenient to our purpose Yet they are sometimes prescribed alone and unmixed especially such as must be assumed by licking by little and little to move flegme as all brown syrups as the syrup of Colts-foot the juice of Liccorish Maidens-haire Hyssop or of some such like which by reason of their sweetnesse coct the spittle Now syrups are made of the decoction of hearbs Materia Syruporum roots fruits seeds flowers or their juices and such like as may be well decocted and the matters to be decocted are so chosen as they may answer our intent whether it be to corroborate some part or mend some vitious humour or educe it thence we have such variety of syrups for they are composed to calefy refrigerate moisten dry open obstruct cut thicken and purge And the decoction of those things whereof Syrups are made Aqua optima quae ought to be in water either rain-water or fountain water or running water which is best because void of all qualities the quantity whereof must be answerable to the quantity and hardnes of the things cocted for such things as are harder as roots and wood can scarce be cocted save with much time and water without adustion And therefore the water must be augmented when simples are long to be cocted as also when they are too bitter The decoction strained and clarified is boyled again with an equall quantity of sugar or honey or both and sometimes with sweet wine as it will appear in our book called the Apothecaries Shop CHAP. III. Of Propomates THe Ancients according to Aëtius and Paulus Aët. cap. 30. cent 3. ser 1. Paul Aeg. c. 15. lib. 7. Propomata quid de remed called aâ—l drinks dulcorated with honey by the generall nâ—me Propomata for they scarce knowing sugar made all drinks pleasant to the palate with honey which we now make with sugar that they may be more sweet and pleasant yet some not for want of sugar are condited with honey both for the peculiar condition of the sapour and the attainment of those excellent qualities wherewith it abounds for honey besides that sweetness which it hath being most pleasant to the tongue is such an excellent conservative that many use it instead of salt for the Babylonians Dionys Areop Melle qui corpora condiebant in time past buried their dead bodyes in honey and Appius the Cook Herod in Thalia covered flesh with honey that he might preserve it without salt many things also condited and other Medicaments are dulcorated and confected with honey both that they may be more pleasant to the palate and also keep more safely without corruption and acquire more notable vertues Wherefore Galen Cap. 177 simpl Medic. writes well when he saith that honey may safely be mixed with all Antidotes For it is most sweet Cap. 11. lib. de alim and it produces most thin juice and being mixed with Medicaments it causes them to induce and keep better Paul cap. 14. lib. 7. de remed yet it is not equally wholesome to all for as Cap. 8. lib. 2. de fac nat it is good for old and cold men for it is noxious to such as are feaverish and young men especially chollerick because it is soon changed ingenders choller and becomes bitter in hot bodyes for if it be holden too long to the fire it will be bitter as also if it be kept too long Cap. 16. lib. 4. simpl for Galens father Cap. 11. l. 1. de Antidot Pater Galeni mel amarum babebat had a certain kind of honey as bitter as if it had been made in Pontus in that part where the Bees gather their honey from wormewood yet he saith it was Athenian honey and very good but that it became bitter by diuturnity of time Now Pliny Cap. 56. lib. 7. saith that one Aristaeus an Athenian first invented honey and the Curetes first taught the use thereof Mellis primus inventor though Ovid makes Bacchus the Author of it when he saith Liber inventi praemia mellis habet Furthermore many Medicaments are made of honey and also potions either more liquid called by Paulus sweet Potions as Hydromel that is watry and not enough boyled or more thick and longer boyled and insolated as Hydromel of wine as Oxymel and other Medicaments which are nominated from honey as the Medicamentall honeys of violets Anacardium R ses and such like Many Medicaments are comprehended under this name Hydromel as Muscadell Melicratum Hydromel of water and of wine simple and compound Quid hydromelitis nomine intelligendum yet none is so simple but it consists of honey and water as the name demonstrates but it is called simple to difference it from the more compound whereof many differences are described every where by the best Physicians as by Galen lib. de Dinamid and by Paulus lib. 7. de remed In the Confection of Hydromel In hydromelite qua mellis ad aquam proportio the proportion of honey to the water is various according to the various scope of the Physician the temper of the assumer For in Summer it is prescribed most watry as also to young men but in Winter and to old men and flegmaticke with a greater portion of wine or honey and it seemes good to our Ancients properly to call that Hydromel Hydromel vinosum which is not very watry but of wine and perfectly cocted for it seems to resemble in sapour and heat most noble Wine as that of Malmesey for it much excites spittle concocts flegmes cherishes naturall hear and roborates the stomack its genuine description and the manner of its making shall be handled in the shop divulged by us And although the rule of confecting Melicrated Mulsa Melicratum mulsa hydromel idem or Hydromell which differ onely in name not in substance be not one but various yet Mesue part 3. distinct 6. delivers the most vulgar and usuall rule to wir the admistion of eight pounds of water to one of honey which must be cocted together till froth cease to swim above which opinion the best Authors follow though many mixe with every pound of honey ten of water and sometimes twelve according to their various intentions Rusticks in Summer decoct the Loture of honey-combes Hydromel Rusticorum first strained and they despume it well and repose it in ample vessells and having hung a little lump of Leaven in the vessells they leave it for two or three dayes and then they drink it with great pleasure to expell thirst for this drink is sharp and sweet and most pleasant to their palates others boyle six pounds of honey in fifty pound of fountain-fountain-water and scum it well and then they
dissolve an ounce and an half or two ounces of Leaven or Barm and put in the Barrell leaving a certain space as about two or three fingers breadth empty Apomel is not very watry and as in strength and vertue Apomeli it is equall to vinous Hydromel so hath it the same manner of preparation as we shall shew in our shop Amongst sweet potions is reckoned Oinomel Oinomel which is made of two parts of old wine and one of honey and sometimes of six parts of sweet new wine and one of honey according to Oribasius Cap. 25. lib. 5. Collect. and because honey is of thin parts and most sweet those Medicaments that admit of its Commistion do conduce most to the attenuation coction and expurgation of grosse humours CHAP. IV. Of Syrups mixed with Honey THat which the Greeks call Oxymel and the Arabians Secanjabin The Apothecaries and not improperly call a tart sweet potion for it is a sower syrup made of water and honey or sweet wine and vinegar whence the taste recerves it as soure and sweet and as it hath a mixed and various sapour so hath it mixed virtues as by reason of the honey to the vinegar as of the vinegar to it self for vinegar hath a purging faculty and it is Gal. l 1. Acetum esse calidum frigidum simpl li. 2. Comp Med. loc cold and hot discussive repulsive and therefore Oxymel is commodious for hot cold diseases it cuts attenuates and cleanseth grosse and slimy humours it educes spittle Oxymelitis qualitas takes away obstructions it prepares cold humours for expulsion it moderates hot humours and quenches thirst for honey is averse to cold humours vineger to their lentour and water to heat and therefore causes that the honey be longer cocted better scummed and the vertue of the Oximel Mellis optimi nota better distributed as Messue his Interpreter well observes And the honey should not onely be very good sweet and sharp pale of colour neither too thick nor too watrish nor abounding with spume but the water also being a common solace both to the whole and sick as Galen saith Cap. 27. lib. de renum dignot Aquae bonit as qui dignoscatur Medicat and most necessary to all things ought to be most pure and good and it may be tryed so to be by taste sight and smell by tast as if it be free from all qualities indued with none by sight as if it be pure sincere and exquisitely cleere by smell as if nothing can be smelled therein which is in vitious waters and the vinegar also must necessarily be very good rather white than red Acetum quodnam optimum not stillatitious nor watrish but most sharp which hath a more potent faculty in cutting and attenuating Now that Oxymel is reckoned amongst Medicines is from vineger for it is not of them accounted sweet wine betwixt which Oxymel and Apomel takes place called by Serapis Acumel But because all vineger hath not the same vertue nor all men the same delight in its taste the same proportion of honey to vineger is not generally used for some would have more of vineger others more of honey whence Serapio thinks it should be made according to his mind that drinks yet the confection described by Mesue and Oribasius is most received and approved And it is made of one part of vineger Oxymelitis praeparatio two of water and four of honey and all are boyled together to the consistency of a more liquid syrup for if it be not perfectly cocted yet because of the honey it may be preserved long enough without corruption And this is called simple Oxymel in respect of that which is more compound which besides water honey and vinegar receives many roots and fruits whereof many formes are described by Nicolaus Myrepsus and later writers CHAP. V. Of Juices mixed with Honey HOney is the Countrey-mans sugar wherewith they often condite Cherries Goosberies and Pears Apothecaryes also not for want of sugar but by the Physicians advise confect certain juices fruits and flowers with honey and make them into Conserves Galenjabin Conserva Rosarum sapes and syrups conserves as honey of Roses called by the Arabians Geneljabin and by the Greeks Rhodomel which is made of one part of the flowers of red roses bruised and three parts of honey despumed Mel passulatum Sapes as honey of grapes which confected of one pound of dry grapes clensed and macerated for a whole day in three pounds of water then boyled to the half afterwards strained and mixed with an equall quantity of honey despumed syrups as another kind of honey of roses which is made of an equall quantity of despumed honey and red rose juice the Mercuriall honey or Mel Mercuriale is also confected after the like manner and cocted to the consistency of a thicker syrup And as the consistency of these conserves of roses is various so is their description and preparation for many take the same quantity of roses purged from their white and of honey as Mesue also did but they do not as he Rhodomel boyle them on the fire but expose them to the heat of the Sun Mel Rosatum foliatum for the space of ten or twelve dayes before they repose them in their shops thus also Rhodomel prepared without colature is called by some of a later stampe Mel Rosatum foliatum and by others Conserva mellis Rosarum But that which is confected of an equall part of the juice of red roses and of honey because of its sapour and consistency is called the syrrup of the honey of roses That same is a mean betwixt both because made partly of the leaves and juice of Roses with an equall weight of honey yet the former manner of confection is more approved after which manner also other Medicinall honeys are confected of other flowers Yet is it better that these be insolated than decocted with fire Cur prastet hac insolari quà m coqui because the odour of flowers being easily dissipable perishes and their qualities do not remain integrall after cocture but they will easily endure insolation which acting with a temperate and diuturnall heat not short and fervid better mixes such Medicaments yet that honey which is made of fresh roses is used to be cocted with a slow fire that which is made of dry roses should be insolated Now what way soever honey of roses is made whether of flowers integrall or broken it ought first a little to be calefied that it may be strained and it is called Mel Rosatum Colatum As fruits are harder more difficult to be cocted and lesse dissipable than flowers and leaves so Medicinall honey is made of these after a different manner for insolation will not suffice but they must be long concocted in water before honey be put to them and that fruits may be rightly cocted they must first be macerated
be catagmatical it helps the ferrumination of broken bones if it be sarcotical Sarcosis non tam medicamentorum quam naturae est opus herein it helps Nature that it generates flesh more easily which is not so much the effect of Medicaments as of Nature And as the composition of Emplaisters is various and manifold so also is their quality for they are compounded almost of all Medicaments wherefore all are not emphractical or such as fill the pores with their lentor but some are ecphractical as it were purging fractures others episastical or extracting and diaphoretical others chyptical which take away the filth of the skin and ulcers and some that are usefull for many affections as many other Medicaments called polychrestical which consist of contrary Medicaments Gal. initio l. 5. comp med gener An emplastical Medicament should want all mordacity for it can scarce stick to the pores if any sharp or biting quality be in it as Galen cap. 9. lib. 5. comp medic gener but it may be easily discerned by melting some part of it or by attracting some humour from above an Emplastick therefore should be of a terrene substance and viscous There are two main scopes in compounded Emplaisters to be minded that a solid and gross consistency and faculty odour and colour are often desired which rather please the fancy of the diseased than conduce any thing in effect to the nature of the Medicament Wax and common Oil Lithargy and sometimes Rosines do afford a fit consistency and matter but small or no virtue All things almost which are superadded as Minerals Metals Roots Wood Flowers and Seeds give a body and faculty to the Plaister which if they be dry they must be pulverated and mixed with the Plaister removed from the fire if any of them be not friable they are dissolved in some liquor which is absumed by coction before they be mixed with the Plaister or else it is mixed with the Plaister and dissipated by coction afterwards Green herbs which cannot be pulverated are either cocted in their own juice strained and mixed or others are cocted in the juice of these brayed and strained which juice being absumed the strength thereof being left if any remains that will not endure long coction they may be put in and cocted and then mixed with the Plaister But those Emplaisters must be long boyled which receive juice water vinegar wine or some decoction because whereas the Emplaister should be all viscid and thick that it might stick to the place to which it is applyed humidity which is oft mixt with it being contrary to viscidity must be resolved by heat if its quality must needs be retained in the Emplaster for such as are cocted in juices keep their faculties though the juices themselves be dissipated by exhalation Humidity also which is required in confecting Plaisters causes that the virtues of the rest of the ingredients be surer ingrafted and that they be carried to parts further distant Oil indeed is added to the materials of Emplaisters but not as to constitute their body but that the Wax might be melted with it and that it might obtund the sharp and austere ingredients and that the Emplaisters may obtain a more pleasant and leniating faculty Simple old Oil and Oil made by infusion as also any compound Oil may be put into the Emplaister that besides its matter it may also afford some virtue thereunto Wax as also some Rosines allow onely matter to Emplaisters no power to act Yet such Emplasters as have other matter analogical to them as Frankincense and * The dew of Lada Labdanum or such like Medicaments admit of no Wax nor Rosines in their composition But if Wax ingrede the Emplaister let it be melted in Oil if Lithargy let that also be boyled in Oil and if Juices Liquors or other such like must be mixed with it let them also be warmed with these till the watry and humid portion be resolved then let Rosines and Fat 's be induced as also Gums whereof some are mixed simply with it others after maceration in Wine Oil or Vinegar and percolation When the Plaister is throughly boyled and taken from the fire let Turpentine be mixed therewith that it may not feel any force of fire Last of all when all these are confounded and cocted to a legitimate consistency and refrigerated let the Powders be by little and little scattered above all and diligently agitated and moved with a Spatula till all be compact into a mass neither too soft nor too hard but viscid glewish and adherent yet not so as to inquinate the part to which it adheres nor to be hardly divelled from the place whereunto it is applyed And that the form of it may exist in a due consistency the quantity of Oil must be diminished when Fat 's Marrows and Turpentine are admitted in its confection and augmented when dry Gums friable Juices Rosines and dry Wood or Minerals that may be pulverated are mixed therewith In dry Ingredients the Oil must be thus proportioned Olci proportio in emplastrorum confectura to every ounce of Powder must be allowed three ounces of Oil to Wax the fourth part of as much Oil as the Wax is in quantity will serve so that to a pound of Wax we put a quarter of a pound of Oil. But because this quantity in the tempering of most Emplaisters may be better designed by ones judgement than defined by certain rules they now adayes put to a definite quantity of Oil and Powders as much Wax as will suffice that these liquid dry and viscid ingredients being by malaxation coagulated a fit viscous and glewish mass of Emplaisters may be induced Out of which mass are formed rowls of Plaisters of half an ounce or a whole ounce weight which being involved in oiled papers are reposed in the Apothecaries Shop for future uses Thus also are Emplaisters properly so called made which are prepared without Fire and Wax whose materials malaxated in Honey or some viscid matter are coagulated into the consistency of an Emplaister as Emplastra de crusta panis and de baccis lauri or other such common Emplaisters which are a medium betwixt Plaisters and Cataplasms That Ceratum confected of an equal weight of Wax and Honey is also referred to Emplaisters as also Cerotum or Ceronea of which before CHAP. V. Of Sparadraps THere is to be sold in many Shops a Cloth plaistered on both sides which the later Writers call a Sparadrap Tela Galterii sometimes also Galterius his Cloth peradventure because he was the Inventor or rather Infector thereof Which is thus made a certain Cloth somewhat bare with wearing is often dipped and inculcated in a fit Emplaister already made up but now melted till it be all infected inquinated and on every side incrusted which is then extracted and exposed to the air that by refrigeration it may become obdurate and so be preserved till future exigency Now hereof
Quarum decoctionum frequens usus which after percolation is assumed by the mouth either alone or mixed with other Medicaments dissolved of which sort is the common decoction of any Medicament and the pectorall decoction which no Medick can well be without Now every decoction is either small or much or indifferent according to the substance and strength of the Medicament which is to be cocted Quae parum aut multum decoqucnda for some must be decocted gently as having a rare sustance and weak and dissipable faculties others will sustain a more valid decoction as consisting of a firm crass and dense substance and endued with faculties not so dissoluble others require a mode rate decoction whose substance and faculties are of a mean consistency thus Fruits would not be so little nor Flowers so much cocted as Roots When a Decoction is prescribed absolutely without the special designation of any liquor Aquae quantitas in decoctis parandis it ought to be made either in pure and simple water as fountain or river water or else in rain water the quantity whereof must respond to the quantity of the Simples to be cocted as near as may be without exuberance or defect for when Simples through coction depose their qualities into the water if it be copious and they few the decoction after percolation will retain be weak faculties As on the contrary if many Simples be cocted in little water the decoction will be exhaled and dissipated and the Simples burned rather than brought to elixation which is acquired by moderate heat in an humour proportionate to the quantity and nature of the thing cocted Those that sustain the longest coction require more abundance of water the shorter the less many Simples require much so that those that are hard and require long coction should be demerged in water and covered two or three fingers therein Thus a certain measure of water cannot be defined but is often left to the Apothecaries judgement When a Decoction is to be made onely for one dosis Aquae quantitas pro dosi pa randa it 's enough to elixate a few Simples in half a pound of water on a slow fire till it be boyled to half if for two dosis then in a whole pound of water if for four in two pounds And thus may the quantity of water be augmented as the Simples are augmented There are furthermore three Decoctions very usual in making Medicines The first is called the common Decoction which is commonly used to the dissolution of Purgatives sometimes to the coction of Senny leaves and sometimes to the infusion of Simples The second is commonly called the pectoral Decoction because it is used to all such as bring adjument to the pectoral parts The third is the glysteral Decoction of which in its place All men do not describe their Confections alike but every one adds or detracts something according to his judgement This is the most vulgar and usual description of the common Decoction â„ž of clean Barley p. j. of sweet Plums nu vj. of Raisons stoned Liquorice scraped an â„¥ ss of Anise and Fennel seeds an Ê’ ij is winter Decoctio communis medicinae but in summer of the four greater cold seeds an Ê’ ij of the three cordial flowers an p. j. let the Decoction be made in two pound of water till half be consumed This Decoction percolated will be enough for four ordinary doses or three extraordinary The pectoral Decoction whereof is frequent use in pectoral affections is variously also prescribed but that which Rondeletius gave is thus amended by Bauderonius â„ž of whole Barley p. j. of Figs and Jujubs an nu vj. of Dactyls Decoctio pectoralis nu vj. of Raisons stoned and Liquorice an Ê’ ss of Hyssop pretty dry m. ss boyl them in lb. ij of rain or fountain water to the half Some substitute Sebestens for Jujubs others augment the quantity of Hyssop others adde Capillaries and Cordial Flowers but since their virtue is pectoral enough which are contained in the form prescribed there is no necessity of loading it with more especially considering that by how much more Simples go to the making of them up by so much is their making and assumption more difficult and so on the contrary CHAP. II. Of a Dosis THat certain and convenient quantity of any Medicament which is prescribed or rather given to a sick man at once or necessity compelling at twice is a Dosis for Dosis is Dation whereof there are as many varieties as there are differences in the nature or properties of Medicaments or Bodyes to which the Medicaments are offered Dosis medicamentorum varia For there is one Dosis of Liquids another of Solids and another of those that have a middle consistency Catharticks also are given in various Doses which having once entred into the body if they be too valid or exhibited in too great measure do not onely exagitate the superfluous humours but also the good and laudable and by griping the bowels hurt the faculties there inhering One Dosis also is given to children another to young men another to men of strength another to old men according to their several natures customes and strength The Dosis of Liquids is measured and given in ounces of Solids sometimes in grains often in drams and sometimes in ounces Altering Medicaments are seldome given by one ounce alone Alterantium medicamentorum dosis unless it be to children or else that they be endued with eximious and valid qualities as Aqua vitae Cinamon and those we call Imperial Their more usual Dosis consists of three or four ounces if they be exhibited in greater measure they cause loathings they subvert the ventricle and are insuccessfully excluded by vomit Roboratives especially liquid ones Roborantium dosis are given from one ounce to three or four solid ones are sometimes given by grains as the Powder of Monoceros sometimes by scruples and drams as Cordial Confections and many Antidotes Purgatives are measured and given after the same manner Purgantium some by three six or eight grains as Diacrydion and Stibium also which though it be immite and effrenous yet tamed and castigated by Art and exhibited by a prudent Physician often produces successfull effects And I see no reason why it may not be used in stead of better to the cure of a contumacious disease For if it be lawfull for mans subsidy to seek remedies from Vipers flesh Neotericorum in inveniendis remediis sedulitas and their very skin and excrements how can it be illegitimate to expect solace from those Medicaments which Neotericks sedulity have invented their industrious dexterity have secured and many experiences have proved though the Antients either were ignorant of them neglected them or administred them unduely as now adayes many malevolent Circulators who kill innumerable with their Stibium that is ill prepared and exhibited in an undue dosis neither when nor to whom
such as the Julep or rather Syrup of Jujubs for when it is made of a hundred great Jujubs and four pounds of water cocted to the half and one pound of sugar it acquires a more crass consistency than a Julep and therefore when it comes to be used it requires dilution in simple water cocted or in a Prisane whereas a Julep is limnid enough of it self And that same Syrup which from its frequent use there derives its name from Alexandria Syrupus Alexandrinus is improperly called a Julep since it is as much inspissiated by coction and as long kept as any Syrup Now the Julep of Roses is right made when it consists of Rose-water with half as much Sugar cocted almost to the crassitude of a Syrup or little less if it be presently to be assumed as vulgar Juleps Julepus rosatus qui fiat which are made for present use of Sugar or some Syrup with thrice its quantity of water as ℞ The water of Endive ℥ iij. Syrup of Limons ℥ j. mingle them Thus Juleps should be of a more liquid consistency that they may be percolated but those that are longer cocted or receive onely a double quantity of Water to their Sugar as the syrup of Roses Syrupus Rosareus Rondeletii according to Rondeletius or an equal weight of both according to Sylvius are because of their crassitude scarce fluid and admit not of percolation Therefore according to the different coction and quantity of Water to the Sugar it will be a Syrup if both be equal or a Julep if three parts of Water be put to one of Sugar according to Loubertus Since Juleps are easy to make I shall onely describe one or two forms ℞ of the waters of Fumatory and Wood sorrel an ℥ ij of Sugar ℥ j. boyl them on a gentie fire till one ounce be consumed make it into a Julep for one dose An Hypnotical Julep to conciliate sleep may be thus made ℞ The water of Water lillyes ʒ ij of Betony ℥ j. Syrup of Poppyes simple ℥ j. drink it at the hour of sleep which is at nine of the clock at night CHAP. V. Of distilled Restoratives ALL analeptical and restorative Medicaments which refocillate the habit of the body absumed by long disease or hunger which are prescribed to resartiate the vigour of the faculties weakned with languor are not onely taken from medicinal but alimental matter For whereas they conduce partly to the nutriment of the body and partly to the cure of the part affected it is manifest by reason that they should be endued with various qualities Now they are called distilled Medicaments Distillata cur dicta because they are distilled drop by drop from an Alembick into a subjected Vessel and Restoratives because they are extracted from nutritive flesh from Conserves Cordial Powders and all such things as either by their odour or substance refresh the spirits or roborate the principal parts Many disapprove of the custome of the ancients who distilled the raw flesh of Capons or Partridges purged from their bones and fatnesse together with the powders and conserves for seeing raw flesh is hardly concocted and the faculty of the powders easily and dissipable with what reason are these mixed especially seeing that the water first distilling from the crude flesh corrupts soon they seem to do better that put the flesh halfe cocted and its own juice into the Alembick with the other materialls Neither do we approve of their action Catenarum aurcarum decoctio non utilis who coct golden chains together with the flesh seeing nothing of them is dissolved nor yet extracted from them save that filth they have contracted by touching Their custome is more laudable who cast filings of Gold into coction as the Apothecaryes of Paris use to do who spare no cost that they may confect their restoratives and other compounds well This solemn and excellent distillation may be thus accomplished ℞ Of the broth of one Capon and 2. Partridge lb. ij of the waters of Buglosse Wood Sorrell and Water-Lillyes of each as much as will suffice of the Conserve of violets succory and roses of each ℥ ij Pulveris Diamargariti frigidi Electuarii triasantali diarrhodonis Abbatis an ℥ j. Troches of Camphor ℥ ij filings of Goldʒ j. ss put them all into an Alembeck and after convenient maceration let them be distilled according to Art The description of another distillation excellent against hot and malignant feavers ℞ Of the waters of Wood sorrell Goates-beard Carduus Succory of each ℥ iiij Cock broth lb. j. Conserve of Water-Lillyes Roses of each ℥ j. Treacle ℥ ss of the powder of the roots of Angelico and Termentill of eachʒ ij Dictamus ℥ j. Carduus and Citron-seeds of eachʒ ij Sage and Orange flowers of each p. iij. put all these into a still and according to Art proceed to the distillation You may adde to a portion of this same distillation when you would use it some fit liquor as the juice of Lemmons or Orenges with a little common sugar or conserve of Roses if the sick desire it CHAP. VI. Of Decoction or Apozemes GErmany indeed that I may a little decline from the rode is happy in that it is not only a nursery of famous men but a treasure also of precious things Yet as the frugiferous tree brings forth with fragrant Apples blasted blossomes and sometimes pestiferous fruits so hath she produced a very Monster in nature I mean that Pseudomedick Paracelsus who professed the Devill the Authour of his Medicine calling his characters and words the Devils Art our syrups and decoctions mans inventions Herophilus the ancient Philosopher denoted these as also all Medicaments with more sanctity calling them the Auxiliatory hand of the Gods which being indued with divine and admirable faculties are able to cure the diseased and preserve the sound body Upon this account Heraclitus famous also amongst Philosophers was wont to call sacrifices Medicaments because they like some praepotent Physick purge the soul as medicaments do the body Cael. Rhod. cap. 2. lib. 12. The Impostor said truely when he called decoctions mans medicaments for herewith the quality of the peccant humours is tempered many pains eased the violence of the untimely guest death abated the acerbity of the symptomes mitigated and the parts reduced to their native bonity and vigour for they are made of all kinds but especially of alterative and roborative Medicaments wherein sometimes some benign purgative simples are infused in small quantity for it were absurd to call any blackish ingratefull laxative decoction wherein much Senny or half an ounce of some electuary as Catholicum or some lenitive hath been dissolved an Apozeme for 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 with the Greeks comes from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to fervefy Apozema quid unde dicatur or decoct and an Apozeme is onely used for the thin decoction of hearbs Now the whole matter of Apozemes is from plants of whose
water juleps are made and of whose decoction Apozems and Syrups amongst which there is this difference that juleps are tenuious Apozematum materia Julepi syrupi apozemata quomodo differunt syrups crasser and Apozemes in the mean all dulcorated either with sugar or honey or both and according to their different consistency more or lesse cocted The ancients used sweet water wherein they had cocted the leaves of some plants instead of Apozemes as many now a dayes do the broath of green hearbs altered with some mixture For the vertue of hearbs is as well left in chickens broath by elixation as in simple water and these alterative broaths are both cheaper and more gratefull than Apozemes yet a sicke man may use both receiving broath made of fit hearbs by the Physicians advice from a Cook that knowes nothing further than a pan or spit and Apozemes prepared with prudence and industrious Artifice from the Apothecary not for nutriment as the broath but calefaction frigefaction humectation siccation apertion or some such mutation and therefore sometimes roots or other parts of bitter or insuave hearbs are taken purged and cocted in a sufficient quantity of water being usefull for that purpose and an Apozeme made for many or few doses according to the quantity of the decoction our of the broath percolated dulcorated with sugar or honey and if need be aromatized with Sanders or Cinamon These Apozemes are not onely made in Summer while hearbs are fresh but in Winter also when either none or onely arid ones can he had though then indeed the use of syrups is more frequent which differ from Apozemes onely in coction which should be more valid in syrups that are more crasse and durable than in Apozemes in Winter and Apozemes to Syrups in Summer whereby so that syrups are Vicegerents to Apozemes it seemes two names denote one thing but in Syrups a greater quantity of sugar is requisite to wit the weight of the whole decoction in Apozemes various as sometime the third sometimes the fourth part of sugar or honey to the weight of the decoction for it is sufficient if you put to every pound of the decoction one quadrant that is three ounces of sugar or syrup or at most a trient that is four ounces But when the sapour of the liquour is very ingratefull the weight of the sugar must be augmented and when the Apozeme is made it must be despumed and purged with the white of eggs Apozemes are variously confected according to their severall purposes An opening Apozeme as to remove obstructions thus â„ž The Roots of Asparagras Butchers Broome Saccory Liquorish Raisons stoned of each â„¥ ss of the leaves of Maidenhaire Agrimony Pimpinell Topps of Hopps Mugwort of each m. ss topps of Hysop p. ij The three Cordiall flowers of each p. j. Boyle these in lb. ij ss of water till halfe be cousumed adde to the colature Syrup of Maidenhaire or sugar â„¥ iiij fiat Apozema for foure doses Another to moderate and asswage the fervour of Choller thus â„ž Of the Roots of Succory Wood-sorrell Sorrell of each â„¥ ss Liquorish An Apozeme against choller Currands of each Ê’ iij. Endive Succory Dandilyon Wood-sorrell Fumitory Lettice Purslane of each m. j. White Roses m. ss or the three Cordiall flowers of each p. j. Boyle them in a sufficient quantity of water and in the colature dissolve Syrup of the juice of Wood-sorrell or Lemmons or Sugar of Roses â„¥ iiij aromatize it with yellow SandersÊ’ ss for foure doses CHAP. VII Of Gargarismes GAROARISMES are instituted to the diseases and affections of the Mouth Gumms Palate and throat whose faculty according to Celsus cap. 23. lib. 5. is either levative or repressive or evocative Creame or milk of Barly leviate water wherein lentills or roses or black berryes or quinces or dates have been cocted represses And Mustard Pepper or such sharpe Medicaments evoke But Gargarismes in Actuarius his judgement Cap. 6. lib. 3. Method Medend should not be confected hereof without the admixtion of some sweet things least they should too much offend the gust For when the liquor hausted to the Gurgulio is again revoked to wash the whole concavity of the mouth if it be too sharp it will with its mordacity offend the gustative organs Therefore the sharp simples whereof Gargarismes are confected are either mixed with Hydromel or simple water wherein the syrup of Stecados dry Roses or other such sweet decoction hath been dissolved in such quantity as to abate much of their acrimony or amaritude To educe flegme from the brain or jawes make a Gargarisme thus â„ž PellitoryÊ’ ij Cypress root and Turbith of eachÊ’ iij. A Oargarisme to purge Phlegme from the Braine Elecampane â„¥ j. Tops of Origanum Hysop and Sage of each m. j. boyle them in a pinte and half of water till a third part be consumed in the colature mixe Oximel simplex â„¥ iij. fiat Gargarisma or thus â„ž Liquorish Carthamus seed an â„¥ ss Bay berryes Stavesacre of eachÊ’ iij. Mustard seed white peper an Ê’ ij Galangal Ê’ j. staechados Betony an m. ss boyle them in Hydromel pro Gargarizatu To roborate the mouth and deterge its collutions make one thus A cleanfing Gargarisme â„ž The leaves of the Prune tree tops of Bryers Plantaine Jewscare red Roses an m. j. balaustians tops of Mirtles of each m. ss Barley Berberies of each â„¥ ss boyle them in two pintes of water till half be consumed to the colature add the syrup of dryed Roses of mulherryes of each â„¥ ij mingle them This following Gargarisme conduces to the cure of the French disease in the throat or other part of the mouth â„ž Of Guaicum â„¥ j. Sarsaperilla Sasafras A Gargarisme for an Ulcer in the throat of each â„¥ ss lignum LentisciÊ’ iij. boyle them in two pintes of water till a third part be consumed adding towards the end of the coction LiquorishÊ’ vi Roses Sage and Rosmary of each p. j. with the colature often wash the throat Gargarismes may be used at any time especially in the morning and betwixt meales but they should be new continually for by long keeping they corrupt and rather harme than heale the mouth CHAP. VIII Of Emulsions AS one disease may be cured by many and different Medicaments so may one Medicament cure many and different diseases as the same called by the later Medicks an emulsion which may be accomodated to many uses for it conduces much to the mitigating the griefes of the heart and lungs to the conciliating of sleep to the refrigerating of immoderate heat to the asswaging of the Urines acrimony and extinguishing the ardour of the reins They therefore seem much to be deceived who think that emulsions serve to nothing save the cure of the virulent flux of the sperme for in many things they may be used instead of Apozems and Hordeates when they are confected of brayed seeds which refrigerate leniate move urine or conciliate sleep upon
which in the time of contrition either a Ptisane or decoction of such simples as conduce to that purpose must be superfused as when purged Almonds and Artichocks with the decoction of jujubs and dry grapes are contunded for the asperity of the jawes the frigid seeds with the decoction of Lettices and of the flowers of Water-Lillyes for the heat of the bowells and the same seeds with the decoction of the roots of seeds of Althea Liquorice and Figgs for the Acrimony of urine The quantity of the decoction must be augmented or diminished according to the quantity of the seeds an emulsion should neither be absolutely crasse nor absolutely liquid but in a mean betwixt the consistency of Apozems and Syrups like the more limpid Amygdalates which in colour and sapour differ not much from emulsions but they are somewhat more crasse as Hordeates are denser than Amygdalates Syrups than Hordeates Eclegmes than Syrups and Electuaryes than Eclegmes These are the best descriptions of Emulsions for the diseases of the breast and lungs ℞ An Emulsion to allay the heat of the stomach Of sweet Almonds blanched ℥ j. Pine kernells not rancid ℥ ss the 4. greater Coole seeds of eachʒ iij. beat them in a stone morter and with a pint of the decoction made of Jujubs and Raisons conquass them together dulcorate it with ℥ 4. of sugar for 4. doses To extinguish the ardour of the reins and abate the Acrimony of urine ℞ To allay the heat of the urine The 4. greater Coole seeds of each ℥ ss the seeds of Lettice and white poppyes of eachʒ ij bruise them well in a marble morter and mix with them one pinte of water or Ptisan in the Colature dissolve syrup Nimphaea ℥ iij. forʒ doses This following Emulsion conduces to the cure of the virulent flux of the sperme after other universall remedyes ℞ Water Lentills Lettice seed of eachʒ ij Purslain and Plantain seed of eachʒ j. the 4. greater Coole seeds of each ℥ ss beat them in a stone morter powring on Barley water lb j. ss add sugar of Roses ℥ iiij for 5. or 6. doses To be taken two houres before meales CHAP. IX Of Amygdalates ALmonds are either bitter which are solely Medicinall or sweet which are partly alimentall partly Medicamentall Of these a certain potion is confected white as milk which Physicians prescribe to feaverish and pectorall affections for though Almonds according to Paulus Aegyn lib. 7. de re Med. and Oribasius cap. 2. lib. 2. Synopseos be moderately hot or rather temperate yet being brayed and diluted in water their fervour is abated and by a certain inciding and attenuating faculty purge the breast and bowells Actuar cap. 7. de spirit animal nut now of their cremour may be made a certain sorbicle which doth both nourish and lenify the asper Artery and facilitate the projection of such humours as are contained in the breast which is thus made ℞ Of Almonds blanched ℥ ij beat them in a stone morter and poure on lb ss of water addʒ vj. of sugar boyle them a little on the fire and afterwards let it be given Some adde to the mixture two or more grains others refuse How Amigdalates are made it may be administred at any time especially to such as love not pottage or broath but it is most frequently given at the houre of sleep and then you may put to it a little of the seed of white Poppy or Lettice especially if it be prescribed to a sick man that cannot sleep Some bray Almonds with warme water and so by the addition of a little sugar make it up without fire and so give it But it s better to bray them with luke-warme water and afterwards elixate them after the usuall manner the quantity of sugar should be augmented or diminished as the condition of the affection requires for as sweet things are bechicall and most accommodate to the affections of the breast Lungs so by how much the Amygdalate is more obdulcorated with sugar by so much it is more convenient to them by how much its lesse obdulcorated by so much fitter for the feaverish This sweet potion is very common at Lutetia Amygdalata Lutetia usitatissima in so much that the very women make of it daily so that their Medicks never describe any receipt but bids the Apothecary make an amygdalate leaving the materialls to his arbitration A greater quantity both of sugar and Almonds must be put in the confection that 's made for such as love solids lesse of each and more of water for such as love liquids CHAP. X. Of the Antients Ptisane or Hordeate THe vulgar Ptisane is a potion made of Liquorice-water and a little barley and often without the Ancients Ptisane is a meat made of select barley decortticated with grinding and water hence Ptisana from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is to grinde and decorticate Hordeati praeparatio by Galens advice cap. 2. lib. de Ptisana the barley should be fat partaker of no adventitious quality neither too new nor too old nor yet wrinckled which Barley thus selected must be macerated in water then brayed in a morter that the exteriour shell and all glumosity may be excussed then rubbed with ones hands washed and purged from the bran then dryed and kept and when use calls for it then must a part of it be cocted in twelve times as much water on a slow fire till it swell to the height depose all flatuosity Antiquorum Ptisana and become a smooth continuall equall and lubricall juice thus the Ancients at first cocted their Ptisane and exhibited it to the sick yet some of them mixed with it boyled wine or honey or cummin and others a little oil vineger and salt but we being more delicate add none of these but onely sugar and sometimes a few Almonds and as we retain not the mixture of the Ancients so neither do we keep the name calling that a hordeate which Hippocrates and Galen called a Ptisane and it s thus made at Lutetia ℞ The best Barley well purified ℥ ij boyle it upon a gentle fire in cleere water till the barley begins to swell pour off the water and let fresh be poured on then boyle it upon a cleare fire for four or five houres afterwards straine it add to the colatureʒ vj. of sugar afterwards boyle it againe and so make use of it For thus your Hordeate will be more crasse and nutritive in Italy they do not boyl it after colature and it is more liquid and more greedily assumed by some patients but it nourisheth not so much and therefore is assumed not only once a day about the houre of sleep but twice or thrice like a julep And seeing barley however prepared cannot be made to calify but is alwayes cold according to Galen com ad part 30. lib. 1. de vict acut cap 16. lib. 1. de aliment a Ptisane made of these two is both good Medicament
then on a gentle fire in a little pipkin to aperfect consistency and make a suppository of the longitude of a finger For one cannot coct so little honey as to make up one suppository with honey alone least so little quantity as would serve one glans be burned or cause the ignition of the vessell before it can acquire a tractable consistency This suppository is very good to kill the worms of the fundament and educe that phlegme whereon they feed â„ž Another for the wormes AloesÊ’ i ss Agaricke Wormewood of eachÊ’ j. sal Gemm Ê’ ss make of chese a powder to which add honey boyled to a consistency â„¥ ij and according to art rowl them up into suppositories Let them be immerged in the oil of bitter Almonds or of Wormewood or in the gall of an Oxe till use calls for them For Infants they cut a piece of white sope like an acorn which they immit or sometimes the stalke of a Bete or Mercury dawbed with butter instead of a suppository for all these gently exonerate the belly CHAP. V. Of Glysters or Enemata GLyster or Clysmus is a word borrowed from the Greeks signifying ablution as Enema injection and both are used for the same thing for ablution cannot be in the belly but by injection of some thing which by the fundament is immitted to the intestines to excite the excretive faculty to mollify the bardness of the belly to alter the intemperature to ease the dolour to discuss the flatuosity to cohibit the fluour and kill and expell the worms in the intestines Glysters are instituted for many more effects also The commodities that ensue Glysters for no part in the body almost but it receives solace from them Com. ad Aph. 17. lib. 18. if dolour possess the head if lippitude the eyes if strangulation the jaws if suffocation the breast if inflation the belly if inflammation the reins if dissury or ischury the bladder a Glyster will successfully cure all these evils Now the Uterus hath its proper Glysters which must be infunded into its fundament by a Metrenchyta the bladder it s Glysters neither want the bowels theirs whose orifice is narrow and nervous and their cavity profound And it is taken for a liquid Medicament infused into the intestines by the fundament whereof there are various descriptions according to the variety of the affections for which they are ordained as to mollify the belly after this manner â„ž Mallows Violets Marsh-mallows brank Ursin Mercury Pelitory ana m. j. sweet Fennel seed â„¥ ss in the Summer time the four greater cool seeds â„¥ j. boyl these in a sufficient quantity of water till a third part be consumed of which after it is strained take lb. j. ss for strong people but for the younger sort lb. j. for infants lb. ss This decoction may in Summer be kept uncorrupt two dayes in some cold place in Winter four but it is best when it is new made Quamdiu decoctum pro Clyst possit incorruptum ser vari and those Apothecaries do ill that keep it a whole week and then use it Folia Orientalia are oft decocted herein and some Electuaries and Honey dissolved according to the various intentions of the Physician as to excite the slowness of the belly and to educe the humours lurking there And better to excite the drowsy faculty something of common Salt or pretious may be added Clysteris inventionem avis dedisse fertur whose virtue in moving the belly is thought to be known by the Bird called Ibis not much unlike a Stork which with its long bill draws up sea water and immits it into its belly whereby it is purged hence according to Galen praef sai introduct was the use of Glysters learned But be sure no Salt be dissolved in the Glysters prescribed to the dissentery for it will much imbitter the dolour of the intestines This Glyster will discuss flatuosity â„ž A Carminate Glyster Marsh-mallows Pelitory tops of Dill Origanum Calamint Southernwood the flowers of Melilot and Chamomile ana m j. the seeds of Cummin Anise Coriander ana â„¥ ss boyl them in the Colature dissolve Honey of Rosemary â„¥ ij Bened. Laxativ Ê’ vj. El. de Baccis Lauri â„¥ ss Ol. Anethi â„¥ iij. fiat Enema Some instead of Oils made by infusion dissolve Ê’ j. of Oil of Aniseed educed by the chymical art or a little more or less as the condition of the body and disease require which I have oft expenenced with success when I could not have any other to my minde Here note Validius purgant Clysteres qui pinguia non admittunt that that injection wherein Oil or Butter or both have been mixed doth attract the humours more slowly for the faculty of the Catharticks is dulled with the addition of fats but the dolour of the intestines is sooner quelled Oils and Greases are mixed and added rather to mollify and leniate than attract As â„ž Of the decoction of the four emollient herbs lb. j. dissolve therein Honey of Violets red Sugar Catplicon â„¥ j. ss Oil of Chamomile fresh Butter ana â„¥ ij conquass them together fiat Clysmus Take notice also that Injections or Glysters do not onely purge the inferiour intestines but the middle also and sometimes the superiour as when the ventricle is ill affected and attracts it from the inferiour intestines so that Galen cap. 1. lib. 3. de sympt caus asserts that some have vomited up part of a Glyster though elswhere he seems to hold the contrary Which may happen also when a Glyster made of Milk or the decoction of Flesh is injected into some macilent fellow with whose sweetness and gratefull warmth his empty ventricle being allured sucks and attracts the liquor to it self that it may be refreshed therewith as we may reade in the Writings of Avenzoar Theys cap. 18. tract 10. lib. 1. This Glyster is good against the Lethargy Apoplexy and other affections of the brain whereby the senses droop and the faculties become dull â„ž Betony Marjoran Calamint Sage Origanum ana m. j. Mercury Arach ana m. ij boyl them with â„¥ ij of Senna andÊ’ ij of Aniseeds in a pint of the Colature dissolve Honey of Rosemary â„¥ ij Confectio Hamech and Hier. Diacolocynthidos ana â„¥ ss SaltÊ’ ij fiat Clyster This Glyster cures the dissentery or other great flux in the belly â„ž Plantain Knot-grass Mullet ana m. j. boyl them in lb. j. of Milk and lb. ss of Bean-cod water till the third part be consumed in the Colature dissolve Bole-armeniack and Starch anaÊ’ ij the yolk of one Egge and so make it into a Glyster SECTION III. Of such as are extrinsecally applyed and first CHAP. I. Of Baths WHEN we mention a Bath we mean such an one as is made of sweet water whether pluvial or fluvial not such sordid Baths as they have in some places in Spain where they wash or rather inquinate themselves in urine long kept for that purpose
nor yet those medicinal Baths wherewith many places of the Earth abound which because of several Minerals they pass through acquire several sapours and odours and eximious faculties in curing many affections For the Earth produces almost as many Springs of Medicinal Waters as diseases Gal. cap. 5. lib. 1. de sanitate tuenda wherewith Normandy and almost all France and Germany and Italy abound But we here speak of a Bath which being made of simple water or the decoction of some herb may be provided in any house Now Baths are instituted for three causes to wit for delight Balneorum usus triplex for preservation of sanity and depulsion of diseases The antient Romanes were great admirers of Baths for pleasure and therefore they made Baths for publick uses both for amplitude and artifice inimitable the structure being of Alexandrian and Numidian Marble Balneorum superha structura for the walls were adorned on one side with Thasian stones on the other with Pictures much recreating the sight their cocks were of silver which distilled warm or hotter water as they would into the vessel for they were so much taken with Lavacres that some of them especially their Emperours and Senatours Balnea Romani habebant in deliciit who had Baths apart would bathe themselves seven times a day And seeing Baths are very voluptuous as Ulpianus not without reason attests the Jews that lived at Tripolis and Damascus had Baths for pleasure wherein men and women bathed promiscuously before Antoninus the Philosophers time which they therefore called Gymnasies To preserve sanity Beâ—â—eorum magna militas such as have a hot liver or squalid skin are much helped by frequent bathings in warm water as Oribasius cap. 27. lib. 1. asserts To depell diseases Baths are very usefull for Galen cap. 10. lib. 10. meth med c. 20. lib. 12. commends them in the Hectick Diarian and sometimes in the putrid feaver with due observation Hippocrates also before Galens time attested in many places that Baths conduce to the cure of many diseases part 44. lib. 3. de vict acutor for they open the pores discuss the humours abate the heat of the bowels take away lassitude dilute the terrene and melancholical humour or at least temper and moderate it Make a Bath of milk alone or a very small quantity of water and milk for such as are rich and labour under a Hectick Feaver for such as are not rich let water suffice and that fluvial or pluvial rather than fountain water wherein for more success coct some parts or else integral plants as Marsh-mallows Mallows Violets Vine leaves and Colesfoot of each m. iiij boyl them in a sufficient quantity of water for a Bath For the morphew or fedity of the skin after the emendation of the prave humours and diminution of blood by purge and phlebotomy let the body be immerged in the aforesaid Bath then let him be washed three four or more times if need be in this following Bath â„ž The leaves of Enulacampane Sorrel Scabious ana m. vj. Tatsane and Fumatory ana m. iij. boyl them in a sufficient quantity of water to fill the Bath Some foolish Wretches believe that the Leprosy may be cured by a Bath of Mans blood but this horrible Prescript seems to be an invention of the Devil and not at all to be admitted for such a Disease whereby the whole Oeconomy of Nature is ruined can neither by external application nor internal assumption nor by both together be emended CHAP. II. Of a Semicupium or Insess AS a Bath is a Lavacre of the whole body except the head which partakes also of the vapours so an Insess of half the body for it is a Bath onely of the belly or a half Bath full of convenient liquor wherein the diseased may sit up to his ventricle his legs and feet be put out called by the Greeks 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by the Latines Insessus or Insessio and sometimes Semicupium It is constituted of the same Materials that make up a Bath and Fomentation and it is less than one greater than the other It is very usefull for it mollifies the Uterus reserates its vessels Semicupii usus asswages colical passions and other dolours caused in the reins by the stone in the ureters by obstructions or in other inferiour parts of the belly This Semicupium will by the emollition and deduction of the vessels asswage the dolour of the stone in the reins â„ž Beets Marsh-mallows Mallows Violets Pelitory tops of Dill anam iij. Linsed â„¥ ij boyl all these in rain water or fountain till their virtues be transmitted pro semicupio Some put the materials in some bag and apply them to the place most pained in the very insession The body that abounds with crude and viscid humours should be first purged by some convenient Medicament if time permit if not then with a Glyster Some make Insessions of the decoction of Tripes to cure the exsiccation hardness and tension of the belly and the colical dolours some adde milk to them others wine others oil That colical dolour which arises from much flatuosity distending and excruciating the belly may be cured with this Semicupium â„ž Polium of the mount Calamint Origanum tops of Dill Melilet Marjoran ana m. iij. the seeds of Cummin Anise Fennel Bay-berries ana â„¥ j. put them all in two bags and boyl them in water sufficient for a Semicupium wherein the diseased must be demerged with his face upward from the knees to the navel CHAP. III. Of a Vaporary AVaporary consists of the same things a Semicupium is made of though in less quantity for it is enough that a few herbs or such things be cocted in a Kettle and the vapour thereof traduced through a hole in a chair whereon the diseased sits to move the Uterus or Fundament for it is onely made to reserate the Uterus to evoke or stay Flowers to open or constringe the Hemorrhoides to asswage dolour and to alter some intemperancy To provoke Flowers lest the vapour should be disgregated and exhaled into the ambient air the perforated chair whereon the diseased woman sits should be accurately involved in many cloaths for so the ascendent vapour will be easily carried to the privities and permeating the orifice of the vessels will attenuate the blood and excite it to motion This Receipt is fit to move Flowers and Hemorrhoides â„ž Marsh-mallows Mugwort Calamint Hyssop Winter-savoury Marjoran ana m. j. Savin m. ij the flowers of Melilot Chamemile and Jasmine ana m. ss let the Decoction be made in water and in a fourth part of white wine and let the vapour be admitted as above This Prescription is accommodate to stay both fluxes to wit of Flowers and Hemorthoides â„ž Shepherds purse Knot-grass Mouse-ear Plantain ana m. j. Roses m. ij Balaustians m. j. boyl them in Bean cod water let the vapour enter in at the genitals This will asswage and allay the dolour of
open Euphorbium and Lymnestis otherwise called Adarce and all these must be brayed and strewed into melted Pitch The Dropax must be applyed while it is hot the hairs of the place first shaved off and a special care had lest the strength of the Dropax over-power the diseased If the Dropax be speedily pulled off it confirms the remiss spirits Dropacis effectus revokes them to the superficies and minds them of their work Aetius loco dicto It is sometimes adhibited instead of a Psylothrum to evell the hairs of a scurfy head for that malign filthy contagious ulcer of the head cannot be perfectly cured unless the hair be first evelled or abraded CHAP. XIX Of Psylothers APsylother is referred to the cosmical Medicaments which serve chiefly for the bodies culture and ornament neither Unguent nor Salve nor yet partaking of any special form but a depilatory Medicament which applyed in any form whatever will by its quality erode the hairs or down and so make a rough place smooth Now every Psylother properly so called having an eroding and burning faculty doth not onely attenuate but evell hairs and for a time utterly denude the place and therefore must not be applyed without great care and prudence for if it abide too long on the place especially if it be adustive it will ulcerate the skin raise pimples and burn like a Caustick or erodes like an Escharotical Medicament Oribasins cap. 13. lib. 10. reckons these for such Depilatories as may be safely adhibited to wit stillatitious Lixive Arsenick Sandarach and Calx viva Yet may some of those that exulcerate more vehemently be added to make the Psylothers more valid as Paulus Aegineta doth in this description cap. 52. lib. 3. â„ž * Millepedae Hogs lice Psyâ—othris Pauli Aselli domestici Assellorum domesticorumÊ’ ij Sandarach â„¥ ss Lime stone â„¥ j. old Vinegar the Lixivium of a Fig tree and lb ss boyl them to the consistency of a Liniment This Domesticus Asellus is an Animal which lodges under water vessels and contracts it self into a lump The Greeks call them 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Latines Millepedae the French Cloportes we Palmer worms Rondeletius prescribes this Psylother to absume hairs Rondeletii Psylother that they may never come again â„ž Auripigmentum Ants egs Gum Arabick ana â„¥ ss Gum Hederae â„¥ ij and with the blood of a Bat or juice of Henbane make it up into a Liniment according to art a portion whereof must be applyed to the place you would have denuded after you have shaved off the hair Oribasius and Aetius call white Vine or Briony a Psylother because of its excellent faculty in eroding hairs This Psylother is most efficacious made after this manner â„ž Another Lime-stone â„¥ ij Auripigmentum â„¥ ss let these be boyled in as much Lixivium as will suffice and make thereof a Liniment with which anoint the place for four hours afterwards wash it with clean water In the Turks Dominion there is a Mineral they call Rusma which may justly be preferred before all Psylothers for its preheminency in acting for though it be very temperate and burn not the part to which it is adhibited yet it doth speedily and without dolour erode the hairs denude the place leaving it very smooth without any token of a hair Which that it may be more commodiously applyed it should be levigated into small powder and diluted in water with half as much Calx viva The Turkish women before they go into a Bath or Hypocaust adhibit this mixture to their privy members and arm-holes which places they much desire alwayes to depilate and glabrify This Rusma is like Iron dross but lighter blacker and seemingly exust as Bellonius observes cap. 33. lib. 3. CHAP. XX. Of Vesicatories THis little extrinsecal Medicament Vesicatorium quomodo a sinapismo pyrotico differt from its effect in exciting the bladder we call a Vesicatory It is a little more vehement than a Phoenigm or Sinapism which onely rubrifies the superficies of the skin and more weak than a Pyrotick which burns the skin for being adhibited to the skin it raises the extream surface and causes blisters which being broken emit water in little quantity if the body be dry or the Medicament applyed to the superiour parts in greater quantity if the body be humid or hydropical and it applyed to the inferiour parts as to the leg for the skin being broken the water fluctuating in the belly or legs will sometimes delabe and flow from the little ulcer as from a fountain but the ulcer is sometimes left dysepulotical A Vesicatory applyed behind the ear on the side the tooth affected stands helps the tooth-ach and sometimes by its adhibition to the feet the Gonagry and Podagry are cured and it is thought to be more conducible to the phlegmatick than the cholerick yet I saw the Ring-worm perfectly cured by the application of a Vesicatory which no other presidy could amend Marcellus cap. 19. lib. de remed commends it to the cure of tetters and other affections of the skin Vesicatorium rusticorum If a Vesicatory be applyed to a wound inflicted by some wild beast or to a malign sore near the groins it will evoke the poyson and very much facilitate the cure The Rusticks make it of the roots of Ranunculus bruised and apply it but the Apothecaries make it of Cantharides pulverated and mixed with a little vinegar and leaven that is the best which is confected of the powder of Cantharides mixed with the Gumme of Elemus And it is thus made â„ž Euphorbium Pepper Cantharides ana ℈ ss and with leaven and vinegar make it into a Vesicatory CHAP. XXI Of Pyroticks or Cauteries HIppocrates Aph. ult lib. 7. saith right What Medicaments cannot cure the Sword may what the Sword cannot Fire may but what Fire cannot is altogether incurable For a Disease is oft so efferous as it will yield to no Medicament but must either be cured by section or ustion or both Now ustion is oft performed with a hot Iron which were able to terrifie the most magnanimous in whose stead the sedulity of our Medicks have invented a Medicament which from its operation and effect they name a Pyrotick for in its efficacy it resembles fire by its application it kills the quick flesh absumes the dead flesh and perforates the sound part that it may receive the excretion of the unsound opens the unsound that it eructate its own excrements Thus a Pyrotick makes an abscess for the corruption to break through thus it breaks the impostume and pertunds the fwellings that each may disgorge its own poyson Pyroticks are applyed to divers parts of the body as sometimes to the head sometimes to the arms sometimes to one or other leg to resolve and divert rheumatick humours A Pyrotick is sometimes applyed to that same ample production of the peritoneum where the spermatick veins tend to the testicles for the cure of the bursting
disease Cauterium ad Herniam that new flesh may supply the place of the morbid and intercept the passage of the descendant intestine that so it may be incarcerated in its proper place Many Circulators do so much adhibit this method of curation on the incautions diseased that they burn both Seminaries and productionary vessels with their oft repeated Pyroticks Their materials are all adust and caustical Pyroticorum materia exceeding the fourth degree of heat as Calx viva Arsenick Sublimatum Tartar Orpine Vitriol Nitre and it may be Lixivium as also the result of the ashes of Vine branches Pyroticks have various confections Conficiendi modus every one making them according to their own arbitration and thinking that best they themselves invent I knew a young Barber as ignorant as could be who was wont to adhibit a little Sublimatum subacted with the Egyptian Unguent which he earnestly commended for the best and most secure Pyrotick Marianus in his Chirurgy much esteems this Pyrotick which he desumed from Jo. Vigonius and it is thus described ℞ Lixivium lb. vj. Soap Roman Vitriol ana ℥ j. boyl them together in a brass vessel till the liquidness of the water be consumed and what remains in the bottom let it be reserved of which make Cauteries of what magnitude you please Cardanus confected his Cauteries of Soap and Lime alone mixed beaten and subacted to the form and consistency of an Unguent but now they are made before the fire and acquire a more solid and convenient form as this ℞ Lime stone lb. j. Salt petre ℥ j. infuse them a whole day in four pints of Lixivium afterwards stir it well with a spatula then strain it three or four times till the water be all poured off which dry before the fire or thus after infusion let the whole mixture be agitated with a rudicle next day let it be percolated three or four times till the water be clear which put in a brass vessel and coct it over a luculent fire till the water be consumed but not till all its lentour be exficcated then make of that mass many Cauteries of several magnitudes which preserve in a glass vessel diligently stopped for future use It is also well confected after this manner ℞ Of the ashes of Vine branches lb iiij Sal Gem. ℥ iij. Lime stone lb j. ss infuse them for four or five hours in lb xv of rain water which stir well together for a good space afterwards boyl it a little and when the whole mixture is perfectly cold strain it six or seven times through a thick cloth put the limpid Colature into a brass bason and coct it till a stony matter be left in the bottome which form into Pyroticks of different magnitudes Amongst Pareus his descriptions I finde a Cautery ridiculously called Sericeum whose effect not answering his vain pollicitations I will not here describe CHAP. XXII De Scuto or Of Plaisters made in the form of a Buckler to be applyed to the stomack MAny Medicaments as well assumptive as applicative are prescribed to the frigid distemper and imbecillity of the ventricle Gentle Purgatives and Eustomachical Medicaments as pils of Aloes and Rhabarb Aromaticum rosatum and digestive Powders are assumed Calefactives and Roboratives Cui parti accommodatum as Liniments Foments whereof before and this Scutum whereof we now treat are applyed Now this Medicament peculiar to the ventricle Scutum cur sic dictum is so called from its form it suscitates heat augments strength and helps concoction It is concinnated of some stomachical Emplaister extended upon a quilted piece of Leather and applyed Sometimes there is a piece of Tiffany put betwixt it and the part affected But it is more ordinarily confected of dry Medicaments which roborate the ventricle involved in bombast and sewed in a double cloth like a Buckler The abundance of Calefactives and Roboratives suggest to us such plenty of matter Ventriculum peculiariter respicientia that we may select such as especially respect the ventricle as Nutmeg Mace Cloves sweet Cane Squinant Roses Mint Wormwood and many more which recreate the spirits by their suavcolence and help concoction by their calour A Scutum thus confected is most efficacious for the said uses ℞ Cyperus Lignum Aloes Calamus Aromaticus anaʒ j. Squinant Cinnamon Cloves Nutmegs anaʒ ss Mace ℈ j. red Roses Marjoran Wormwood Mint anaʒ ij Sageʒ j. make of these a fine powder which quilt between two linnen cloaths cut like the form of a Buckler and applyed This Description requires less cost ℞ Galangal Orris Pepper of eachʒ j. Bay berries Cummin seed anaʒ ss both sorts of Wormwood Mint Sage and Rosemary ana us ss make of these a Powder and quilt them between a double sarsnet in cotten wool and apply it to the region of the ventricle CHAP. XXIII Of Cucufa and Semicucufa or quilted Caps THE brain being according to Hippocrates lib. de grandul as it were a great glandule and the head the very seat and continent of Plegm which like a Cucurbite it attracts a great congeries of frigid humours is alwayes resident in the head which unless they be vacuated by some convenient Medicament or else their continual generation hindred they will distill upon the jaws lungs breast and parts subjected Yet many are so averse to vacuate Medicaments or their brains of so frigid a constitution that though often purged yet will they complain of gravity in their heads especially if they have been troubled with any noyse or stood bare-head in the air Therefore after universal purgation a convenient Cucufa must be adapted to the head like a Cap Cephalical Powders being insperged in Cotten and the Cotten sewed within a double cloth and put upon the head to roborate it to cure its cold distemper and to stay the distillation Now all the matter of these Powders wherewith the Coif or Cap is refarciated is not desumed from dry Plants but some from Minerals and Animals which are as delightfull as usefull A Powder thus made is both good and pleasant for a roborative Coif ℞ Cloves Cinnamon Calamus Aromaticus Squinant Orris A Powder for a quilted Cap. ana ʒ j. Bay berries ℈ ij Storax benioin anaʒ ss Mace ℈ j. Marjoran Rosemary anaʒ ij Mosch ℈ ss make of these a Powder which quilt in a Cap. Those that cannot procure a Cucufa thus made may thus confect one with less cost ℞ Betony Balm Sage Staechados Rosemary ana m. ss Another for the same Bay berriesʒ iij. Cumminʒ j. make of all these a gross powder to quilt in a Cap or Coif This Powder may for the same purpose be safely and successfully strewed on the hairs of ones head In sum a Cucufa or Coif and a Scutum or Buckler are confected after one and the same manner onely the form of the Coif hath adapted it to the head the Buckler to the stomack to which parts their faculties are destined as
the passages of the Reins expell flowers and birth augment milke exterge cause flatuosity and excite stiffenesse in the yard CHAP. XXX Of Orobus or the bitter-Vetch THat which the Apothecaryes call Orobus the Greekes call Ervum it is a kind of pulse-like Vetches growing in macilent places wherein it delights more then in fat soyle for there it is more speedily corrupted there are two varietyes thereof the one is white sweet and lesse vulgar the other yellow which may be had in any Pharmacopoly both according to Dioscorides are well known to all though many take wild Vetches or Eruile which infest Corne for the true Orobus But the domestick Orobus is sowen and cultivated it assurges with a cubitall or longer culme geniculated incurvated concave and a little striated with leafes and flowers like Vetches round Cods grow upon its surcles protuberant with three or four graines disjoyned with no membrane It desiccates manifestly but calefies so gently Vires that it seems to be temperate it incides exterges removes and resolves obstructions it is seldome or never introsumed frequently adhibited for its seed ingredes salves very frequently CHAP. XXXI Of Lupines LUpine seems to be a kind of Bean for its Caule is streight erect Cave somwhat tomentitious like a Beanes culme onely it is round It s singular and fibrous root emitts a Caule with branches alternately posited with leafes qinquefariously dissected like them of Staves-acre with white flowers thrice erupting betwixt the beginning of Summer and Autumne after which Cods lesser and plainer then Bean Cods emerge each of them containing five or six round compressed and amare grains white without and subluteous within Lupines are macerated for many dayes space in water till they demitt their amaritude and then cocted before they be eaten if they be illited or eaten with honey or drunk in Posca they kill Wormes their decoction cures Morpheus scurfes scabs manginesse and malignant ulcers partly by digesting partly by exterging and drying them without mordacity cocted in Vinegar they discusse biles in the Neck and imposthumes distilling from the head to the eyes and makes the colour of skarres candid and white though their amarity demonstrates that they are calid neverthelesse they are justly reposed in this Section CHAP. XXXII Of Barley AS Barley is of cereals most usefull so most notorious whereof if we look at the time of its sature we have two sorts one autumnall whose straw spike and graines are greater the other vernall which in all parts is lesse the spike of each is circumvalled with beards and small leafes wherein is contained an oblong aequilaterall and medullous grain Both the sorts of Spelt are referred to the family of Barleys some call these segetives by the name soucrion vulgarly scourgeon which denotes its utility in succouring Nations as also another kind of segetive which some call Zeopyrum others bare Barley which growes in Cappadocia yea many reduce yet more cereals to this segetive as Olyra Typha Brisa Eteocrithon and Oryza which they call distich Barley India long agoe produced a kind of Barley gratefull and salubre to man but deletery to horses for the same given to Alexanders Horses to eat killed them at first but mixing chaffe with it it became innoxious Another sort growes in Thracia about Gedropolis which beasts would not touch the cause whereof Theophrastus attributes to its ill odour though a man cannot perceive it when it is denudated of its shel they call it Exasticum and Cantherinum Common Barley refrigerates and exsiccates Vires being a little detersive and hence Barley-bread stayes not long in the belly nor yet gives much of nutriment its flatuosity is deposed by elixation and therefore Hippocrates would have it done in a Ptisane that it may be longer cocted CHAP. XXXIII Of Rhus or Sumack RHus it both the Latine and Greeke name of a shrub and also of a fruit whereunto Cooks adde obsoniorum because it was frequently used in Kitchins and obsonies for Salt of old but now it is only dedicated to Pharmacy the Mauritanians call it Sumach It is an arbuscle growing fruticating most copiously in petrous places its Caule assurges three four and somtimes five Cubits high it is discriminated with many small boughes its leafes whose middle nerve or cost is red cohaere in clusters like ashleafes each whereof is oblong late serrated about whitish it emitts candicant flowers in July which are racemously congested like them of Lillax its small fruit with the seed which is small and red like that of Lentills is mature in autumne it is called Rhus coriaria because it hath an excellent faculty in condensing hides as also another Plant thence called Corinus coriaria which may be enumerated amongst the species of Rhus Sumach being very austere is astrictive and desiccative it cohibites dysenteryes and fluxions stayes womens flowers Vires and allayes the hemorrhoids its leafes and fruit are exceedingly astrictive they are dry in the third and cold in the second degree CHAP. XXXIIII Of Myrtle MYrtle is either silvestrian which growes and fruticates spontaneously in many hot regions and incultivated places or domestick which requires culture whereof there are two sorts the one lesser like Box-Tree only its leafes are more acute like broome leafes its berryes are black like Ivy and it is gravidated with vineous succe whence it is oft called black Myrtle it is much celebrated for its gracious odour and perpetually florid colour and diligently nourished in Gardens and transplanted in figuline pots into houses windowes and there custodited for delight and ornament There is a lesser sort called white Myrtle which beares broader and longer leafes then the former whose colour is not so obscure but whitish whence it is cognominated by culture it somtimes assurges to the altitude of a moderate Tree as we may see in some maritimous Gardens both Myrtles emitt white and suaveolent flowers out of which by due art a very fragrant stillatitious water may be extracted There growes about the Caule of Myrtle an unaequall concolorate lump which like a hand amplects its boughs Dioscorides calls it Myrtidanum but it is of no use and therefore neither bought not sold There is also another small wild Myrtle which delights in sylvous dry macilent and a prique places beareing black edible and sweet berryes which many call Vaccinia others give it fictitious names at will in Normandy the vulgarity of Aethiopians that are called Mores do from their blacknesse call them Morets Myrtle consists of contrary substances the frigid praevailing over the calid but participating much of tenuious calour therefore according to Galen it desiccates so efficaciously Both its fruit and leafes may be successefully either assumed or adhibited Vires and it being astrictive stayes excretions of blood and bridles other profluent humours their decoction helps laxated members and broken bones that cannot endure ferrumination many more commodityes doth Myrtle pollicitate whereof see Dioscorides C. 156. L. 1.
lachrimously whence it is often called Tears Liquor if this Liquor be oleaginous and liquid we call it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or Rosine if more terrene aqueous and concrete in the Trunks of Trees Resina Gummi we call it Gum if it be partly terrene and aqueous partly oleaginous and fatt participating both of the nature of Gum and Rosine then we call it Gummy Rosine Now Gum that I may use the exoticall Idiome Commi Gummi quid is a coagulated Lachryma or tear concreted in the Trunks of those Trees that produce it Gal. C. 40. L. de simp whose substance is more aqueous as that of Rosine is more oleaginous Gums therefore should be admixed most to aqueous seldome to oleaginous medicaments Rosine in the contrary easily takes flame but Gumme cracks in the fire for though it come hott from stillation yet is it presently coagulated in the air and becomes aqueous and hence Arostotle makes it to crack upon burning coles But since it is of many kinds according to the different nature of the Trees that produce it for some Gums are coagulated hard like a stone others softer some more pellucid or flave others more obscure or pallid some flowing from peregrine others from indigenous Trees I shall first treat of that which comes out of the spine Acacia and is nominated Gumme simply CHAP. III. Of Gum-Arabick GUmme is an Arabick word and when it is put absolutely it must be understood of Gum-Arabick which Galen calls Thebane some Babylonian and others Acanthine Gumme Nomina Acacia Gummi flua It flowes from a certain arbuscle which Dioscorides calls Acacia whereof he constitutes two sorts the first assurging with a direct and lignous caule armed on every side with hard spines vested with long leafes which look as if they were constituted of many small leafes cohaereing together white flowers short codds Species like Lupines a glabre and splendent seed which Matthiolus depinges ill The other Acacia growes in Cappadocia and Pontus which is lesser slenderer and lower then the other whose leafes are like Rue and virgults aculeated out of which a succe is educed which retaines the name of its Arbuscle Acacia because of whose rarity we substitute the succe of the wild Plum-Tree out of which laudable Gum flowes forth at first pellucid as glasse sincere and contracted into the species of a vermicle afterwards white sordid resinous and uselesse It is efficacious in spissating and refrigerating Vires it is commodiously mixed with ocular and arteriall medicaments it obstructs the pores of the skin is represses prociduous eyes that it may be more easily pulverated it must be verberated in a hot mortar with a hot Pestell CHAP. IIII. Of Gumme Tragacanth GUm-Tragacanth is pellucid white sweet light and sincere which flowes from the vulnerated root of a certain Plant of the same name this root adhaeres to the surface of the Earth and emitts low and rigid surcles whereon are many and slender leafes which cover white straight and firm spines this arbuscle which the Greeks call Tragacantha and the Latines Spina herci growes in Crete and many places in Asia which emitts its succe spontaneously and without incisure as Theophrastus asserts contrary to Dioscorides who saith that this Plant hath no need of vulneration which though it be exoticall and seldome seen by our herbalists yet I saw it cicurated and florid in the Garden of Jo. Gonnerius that perite Physitian yet it s coagulated succe which the Gentiles call Tragacanthum and the Apothecaryes Dragaganthum is sufficiently known to all it cannot be easily laevigated unlesse the Morter and pestle be hot It s use is commended to ocular medicaments in a liniment with Honey or Sugar Vires it emends the roughnesse of the artery coughs retusenesse of voice and other defluxions CHAP. V. Of Gum Ammoniacum THis Gum is called Ammoniack because it distills upon the Sands neare Jupiter Ammons Oracle but from what Plant is uncertain Pliny saith it flowes from a Tree they call Metopion Dioscorides sayes it emanates both from a shrub they call Agasyllis and from a ferulaceous Plant but the ferulaceous Plants can scarce be called fruticall Galen asserts that it is the Tears of Ferula from which is collected both a sincere dense Gumme conspurcated with no sordidity and coacted into small glebes as also an impure and inquinated one which Dioscorides call Phyrama who calls the other Thrausma That is good which is inquinated with no sandy terrene nor extraneous matter effigiated like masculine frankincense graveolent and amare the Apothecaryes call it corruptly Gum Armoniack it may be dissolved in Water Vinegar or White-Wine It is so efficacious a mollitive that it dissolves the stoney disease of the Junctures and discusses other tubercles it cures indurated Milts Vires and in drink liberates from obstructions it moves urine and flowers and extrudes stones CHAP. VI. Of Lacca and Cancamum WHat Lacca and what Cancamum are whether they be both one or distinct and what each of them is doeth not appeare by the writings of Authours Serapio Paulus and Matthiolus believe that Lacca is that which Dioscorides calls Cancamum Brasavolus Garcias ab horto and Clusius think it is a distinct thing who being desirous to find out the truth have lustrated various tracts of the world and think that Lacca is not only distinct from Cancamum but also unknown for seeing it is only used for perfumes and we have many more fragrant and suaveolent Thymiamata it hath not been so diligently sought after moreover being exoticall the Tree from which it delabes growing as it is thought in Arabia our Merchants have not deigned it worth the search and portage however it is a kind of Gum of a virous sapour sweet odour and rare use Now Lacca is destitute of both these qualityes frequently invented neither the Arabian Chermes nor the succe of Sorbe-Tree nor Medlar-Tree nor yet like Myrrhe as Avicenna writes who it may be knew it not but if Garcias de horto may be credited it is a kind of Favago and concreted liquor on the boughs of a vast Tree coacted by the sucking and help of winged Ants. And this Tree growes not in Arabia but in India especially in the province of Pegu where Lacca is called Trec as also in Bengala and Malavar where it is called Loc and Lac. Garcias indeavours to establish and confirme this opinion by reason and much History striving also to prove out of Amatus Lusitanus that Cancamum is an Aroma otherwise called Anyme whereof he constitutes two varietyes the one white which also according to Brissotus a Physician of Paris is Dioscorides his Cancamum and the other somwhat black which myrrhe or rather Mynea or Amynea Thus the obscurity of the thing Vires drives us to the affinity of names there to investigate the truth but if I may speak freely I think that Anyme or Amynea as some will have it
that name is now almost abrogated for the Barbarians out of some hatred conceived against the Cyrenians eradicated and extirpated all their Laserpitium as Strabo denotes The Syrian Laser is best after the Cyrenian and the Median after the Syrian There are two sorts of Asa the one pure sincere and transparent the other turbid and impure wherewith bran or Sagapene is mixed whole halite and stinking odour it well resembles Hence the Germans call it the Devills dung both of them are very odorate but graveolent so that I cannot easily assent to their opinion who think that one sort of Asa is sweet for neither the odour of the one nor of the other can be tolerated without loathsomnesse whence I admite that Garcias should say that no simple medicament in all India should be more in use then Asa foetida both in medicines and also in meats The Indians are wont to mix it with their Pot-hearbs in their pottage having first rubbed their kettles therewith useing no other condiment to any meat but take it to recall their appetite when they nauseate any thing If this be not a fable Asa must either not stink in India or the Indians must have brasen throats as the Proverb goes this Asa is so ingratefull to us both in odour and sapour that we can easily pardon Matthaeus Sylvaticus who reposed it amongst Poysons yet Dioscorides commends it for meat Who enumerated so many and so great faculties Vires wherewith it is indued that he was able to move loathsomnesse The more recent hold it very efficacious but only to a few affections who never use it save against the ascent and aberration of the uterus and some other diseases appertaining to women CHAP. IX Of Sagapene or Serapine SAgapene by Apothecaryes Serapinum is a concrete liquour flowing out of the sauciated root of a ferulaceous Plant in Media whose description Dioscorides omitted because perhaps he had not so much knowledge of the Plant as of the succe which Plant I neither yet saw nor read designed by any authour for being exoticall it is either not cicurable or if cicurated sterile without sucee and marcid It s concrete succe therefore is only brought us the best whereof is translucid yellow white within acrimonious graveolent and crasse in substance Sagapene calefyes in the third degree siccates in the second purges crasse Phlegme and other viscid humours as Mesue attests yet its purgative faculty is in some very ignave in others potent for either drunk or used by way of suppository it evokes flowers kills the young cures the dolour and praefocation of the uterus resolves attenuates dissipates moves and solves CHAP. X. Of Galbanum GAlbanum is also the concrete succe of a Syrian Ferula copiously growing in the Mountain Amanus which succe some call Metopium Dioscorides knowing this Gummeous succe better then the Plant left nothing in writing of its dignotion but as the ferulae are well known so also are their liquors and succes and that not only by their consistency but colour odour sapour and facultyes for Galbanum in aspect repraesents Asa in odour Opopanax The best is cartilaginous syncere like Gumme Ammoniack not lignous in which there is some ferula seed graveolent not very humid nor squalid this as all other Gummes may be easily dissolved in water Vinegar or Wine It is excalefactive extractive discussive it accelerates flowers deliverance in Child-bearing either by admotion or suffumigatiō dissolved with Vinegar and mixed with a little nitre it deleats pimples it discusses boyles and lumps on the junctures Vires it is adverse to Poysons and drives away Serpents CHAP. XI Of Opopanax THat Opopanax is the succe of Panax both its name demonstrates and Dioscorides affirmes but seeing there are many sorts of Panax it is not apparent out of which of them it emerges Mesue saies it flowes from the ferulaceous Panax Dioscorides from th◠Heraclean and some say from the Chironian Panax Dodoneus tells us that it distills from a peregrine Panax to wit the Syrian Panax which hath ample sharpe hirsute long and broad leafes a geniculated and ferulaceous Caule of three or four cubits heighth supernally disterminated into many boughs with luteous flowers erupting out of ample umbells after which broad plain and subflave seeds do emerge its root is whitish long succulent and odorate a Gummeous succe flowes out of its Caule vulnerated especially towards the root in summer which Pliny and many more call Opopanax which is laudable for many uses as the nomenclature of the Plant from which it flowes demonstrates for Panax or Panaces denotes the abigation of all dolours and the remedy of all diseases hence many Pseudomedicks call some medicaments which are more perilous then the diseases Panaceous remedyes thus did a lying drunken vain salacious Pseudomedick deceive many Country and credulous persons while he lived Opopanax is a kind of Gumme easily dissolvable by water it excalefyes in the third degree siccates in the second mollifyes digests Vires attenuates dissipates flatuosity leniates and expurges that which is very amate white within or somwhat yellow fatt tender friable easily liquestible and graveolent is good the black and soft is not good CHAP. XII Of Sarcocolla SArcocolla is both the name of a peregrine Plant and a Gumme flowing out of it it growes in Persia it is fruticous and spinose with nodose boughs appressed to the Tree which sauciated and somtimes spontaneously lacrymates a kind of Frankincense like Powder of a yellowish colour and amare sapour It calefyes in the second degree siccates not so much it cocts deterges carnifyes and glutinates whence it is called Sarcocolla Vires for it heales wounds wonderfully for it doth by a proper faculty expurge them from filth repleate them with flesh and obduce them to a skarre The Arabians say that Sarcocolla doth not only subduce the belly but educe crasse and viscid humours from places much dissited as from the cavityes of the Articles but reason and their effects seem to refragate this it doth indeed with much efficacy conglutinate wounds inhibite the fluxions of the eyes and digest but not so much as Galbanum if it be five dayes macerated in Asses milke in a glasse-vessell and the milk daily changed it will exceedingly help such as have pearls or dimme and clowdy eyes CHAP. XIII Of Gumme of Jvy THe trunk of the greater Ivy vulnerated and somtimes spontaneously elacrymates a certain Gummeous succe of an aureous colour graveolent and sharpe to the gust which they call Ivy-Gumme Now Ivy is a Scansory Tree which circumvests walls and vicine Plants which it kills with its multifarious convolutions and virour Wherof there are two prime kinds the one greater which erects it selfe on high the other lesser which creeps along the ground with slender and obsequious branches neither beareing flower nor fruit There are three varietyes of the greater Ivy one is called white Ivy because it beares
of whose roots springs Hypocistis whose spurious branch is like to a Quince-tree some call it Ludonorum others Robethron Fuschius fungus its succe is extracted as that of Acacia concreted and kept The other Cistus is Foeminine which bears long Cistus foem and not angust leaves white and small flowers and small seed in a triangular hull it is very like the Ladanigerous Cistus The Masculine Cistus is a small shrub greater then Thyme with leaves like Basil but rounder rosaceous flowers like them of the Foeminine but lesser with a lignous and hard root out of whose middle Hypocistis pullulates as viscum out of an Oak and other trees Hypocistis is very rare in whose stead we use Acacia Vires whose saculties are analogous though more imbecil it is chiefly astrictive it helps the Dysenterian collical and all fluxes of blood It siccates also and roborates and is a very efficacious remedy in all fluxions CHAP. 5. Of Tartar AS the substance of Milk part whereof is butyrous and ligher part caseous and crasser and part serous and moderate is not homogeneous so neither is the substance of Wine part whereof is tenuious and is called the flower of Wine part somewhat heavier occupying the middle of the Hogshead and part more crass which settles to the bottom which some call Lees and the more recent Tartar perhaps because this is the Empyricks Idol as Tartac was the Hevaeans But I rather think it so nominated because it possesses the lowest place And though Tartarum be but Lees of Wine yet is it indued with many faculties for as some excrements in an humane body are benigne and useful as Sperm Milk and other humours included in other parts for certain uses so are these dregs useful for as the Proverb goes No Wine without Lees for this excrement conserves it longer from corruption as ashes do fire from extinction Tartarum included in a Cloth-bag and suspended in a Wine-cellar or other moist place will exude an oleous humour which they call Oyl of Tartar which delabes from the Canvas bag into the vessel subjected as we have shewed in our Officinary It may be educed also by ascent but the work will be more and to less purpose The ashes of burned Tartar is frequent at Paris and very expetible to dealbate sayls which the vulgar call Gravellata It is celebrated for many other uses Vires for Tartar according to Cardanus hath no equal in detersion which purges sordid and hard lumps and excrescencies of flesh and shews the sound and living flesh CHAP. 6. Of Liquorice Juyce THe succe of Liquorice is expetible for many uses for it is eximiously bechical being successfully assumed solarly for the affections of the lungs and breasts and frequently with no less benefit mixed with other Medicaments Galen extols that which comes from Crete The Greeks call it Glycyrrhiza the shop-men Liquorice Celsus Sweet-root the Batavians Sweet-wood for its succe exhibits a sweet and grateful sapour which is thus educed The roots of Liquorice collected in July while new and humid are purged and brayed then cocted in water percolated and expressed the succe expressed is siccated by evaporation by the fire The way to juyce of Liquorice or Sun and kept That is best which is sweetest soft new pure tenacious blackest and which is totally liquescible upon the tongue That which comes from Spain is much commended where it is made both copiously and well Liquorice is without of the colour of Box within croceous its wood is viscid and not easily frangible its sapour sweet quenching thirst whence it is called adipsas That which is white or black within exucce old fragile and which makes dust by its fracture is not good We have spoken hereof in the fourth Section of our first Book CHAP. 7. Of Wax BEes are wonderful sagacious industrious and sedulous in collecting and confecting Wax which without their help no part of the world can perform for these little animals can solely act that which man cannot these Infects solely do suppeditate both Aliments and Medicaments to man by their own opifice And yet the commodities of Wax are so many and so great that they cannot be easily recenseated The flave odorate moderately fat pure coacted Wax which is void of all aliene matter eadnearest representing Honey is best In the second place we take that which is candid whether it be so naturally as the Pontian Wax or artificially by lotion as the Tyrrhenian Other colours are acquisititious as green by Verdegrease red by Vermillion black by Ink or burned paper From which mixture it changes its qualities New subflave Virgin-wax is best It is in a mean betwixt heat and cold humidity and siccity yet it is somewhat crass and emplastical Wherefore it is the matter both of calefactive and refrigerative Medicaments All Wax mollifies califies according to Dioscorides Cerae lotio dealbatio and moderately expletes the body It is good in broth for such as have the bloody flux That it may be dealbated it must be melted at the fire then demerged in pure fountain-Fountain-water where it must be stirred and expurged Dioscorides describes another way to make it most candid which see in his second Book Chap. 105. CHAP. 8. Of certain other succes more aptly described in another place SUcces are kept either in a liquid consistency as Vinegar Wine and Omphacium or in a solid one as Aloes and Scammony or else in a middle consistency as Rob and Sapa of each whereof we have treated in order partly in our Shop partly in our first Book of Medicinal Matter And since I am so farre from approving of things ten times repeated that the second time offends me I will not now return to the examination of what I have before delivered for I could willingly wish this short Work had been contracted into a lesser bulk As for Aloes and Scammony they being Purgatives we have treated sufficiently of them in the second Section of this Book wherein we have accurately described the nature and faculties of all purgative Simples As for the succes of fruits inspissated to the consistency of Rob and Honey we have handled them in the fifth Section and the first Section of the first Book speaks copiously of liquid succes Opopanax hath its name from Panax whose succe or rather gummeous liquor it is which when concrete and dry is subflave without candid within graveolent smooth fat fryable and easily liquescible in water Galen makes mention of other succes as Glacium and Licium but because they grow obsolete they are seldome or never kept in Pharmacopolies Finis Libri Primi THE SECOND BOOK OF Medicinal Matter SECT I. Of Minerals THE PREFACE THe matter of Medicaments is multifarious not onely because it arises from Plants Minerals and Animals of which we have treated before but also desumed from the Universal Tribe of Plants It remains now that we treat of Minerals which indeed do daily
that nothing is more false for if Metals have any sperm it is within themselves not elsewhere to be sought nor will ever mixed bodies naturally resolve themselves into Salt Sulphur and Mercury though these Chymical Vulcans do Hammer them out as Dom. Riolanus hath learnedly proved against them This Mercury or quicksilver is as it were the Monster of Nature which will not be subdued under Natures Laws it is whiter then any silver more fluxile then water more permeable then Vinegar yet it never madefies often refrigerates often califies sometimes curing onely frigid affections sometimes onely calid ones when it seems frigid then it induces calid effects when calid frigid ones it sometimes hurts in small quantity alwayes in great it easily loses its proper form and easily resumes it and in this it is Miraculous that it often profits being introsumed by the mouth and often causes Palsey trembling and other prave effects when extrinsecally applied Falop. Cap. 27 76. Lib. de lue Vener Trajan saw some who being anointed with a liniment made of Quicksilver before their deaths in the junctures of whose armes he sound much Quicksilver when he dissected their dead bodies He saw another who being onely thrice anointed with Quicksilver vomited many humours wherewith much Quicksilver was confounded It is also storyed of one Antonius Gallus that he being oft besmeared with Medicaments of quicksilver and not voiding any by spittle that much was mixed with his urine wherewith gold might be so dealbated that they would take it for silver Yet Brasavolus would have it assumed at the mouth to kill Maw-wormes and Fracastorius avers that certain women assumed each of them a pound of quicksilver to kill their young which yet received no harm they being frustrated in their design and the young excluded duely and alive Yet the same Author having afterwards approved and disapproved of its use confesses ingenuously that he is ignorant of its qualities but boldly asserts that it will cure the French disease One Jacobus Carpensis was the first that prescribed quicksilver to the cure of this disease whose use was so successful that he presently became very rich thereby the Neotericks following him mix it both with internal and external remedies for its use is deprehended both wayes as being indued with an alexiterial faculty whereby it extinguishes the venereous poyson in the French disease for it is its antidote though it be no way safe unless it be well handled duely castigated and opportunely given for we have known many who taking quicksilver from the unskilful have either perished or fallen into a worse case then before for this is a beast which can scarce be tamed by any art and therefore Galen is excusable who feared to use it and durst not make trial of its faculty having learned from Dioscorides that it was deletory Such as work Lead or other Metals wherein there is any portion of quicksilver are apt to contract trembling Palsey and corrugation of Nerves Those also that effode quicksilver out of Mynes though rustical and robust Men yet do they scarce tolerate that labour for four years but die miserably for it is an untamed Medicament whose active vertue and effect are both ancipitous and though it be liquid yet very ponderous Metals will swim upon it as wood upon water except Gold which sinks therein Now quicksilver is either natural or artificial the natural distils drop by drop out of the glebes of many Mynes as of those in the Mount Hydria or fountain-like flows copiously out of some vein in a Myne smitten with a spade or other Iron Instrument The artifical is made or rather extracted out of Cinnabaris of which we have spoken in the former Chapter I cannot assent to Brassavolus who after Vitruvius asserts that Mercury may be made of Marble unless that I could say with the Alchymists that this Sulphur and Salt may be elicited out of all mixed bodies Its qualities are as yet under debate for some from its effects say it is hot others cold Avicenna Vires whom Palmarius and many others follow says it is cold and moist Fracastorus Tomitanus and others who attribute an erosive faculty to it contend for its calidity I with Trajanus think it of a mixed quality participating of many other faculties but consisting chiefly of subtile and calefactive crasser and refrigerative parts for it incides attenuates penetrates melts resolves subduces the ventricle and what is most to be admired partly by an attractive faculty attracts humours from the superficies to the centre that is to the ventricle and excludes them by stool and partly by an impulsive faculty propels them from the centre to the habit and ejects them by salivation It is used for both ends in the French disease and it often works the fluor of the belly when it is given for salivation often salivation when it is intended for the fluor of the belly It is sometimes redacted to white and ponderous powder of which we have treated elsewhere which without molestation subduces the belly but harmes the bowels wherein it leaves the malign impress both of it self and aqua fortis in which it is immerged as I have observed in many who committed themselves to some Circulators SECT II. Of Medicinal and Precious Stones THere is no corner of the earth which doth not afford man either Food or Raiment no angle in which there is not something found idoneous for mans use Arabia is not onely happy in this but every remote and barbarous Region doth afford us many precious things with which we do not onely cloath our selves gallantly but use wholesomely What plenty of rich and precious Gemmes is daily brought us from both the Indies and other remote Regions with abundance of eximious Plants We call them Gemmes and Precious Stones for their rarity pulchritude elegancy and famous vertues There is no doubt faith the Poet but there is a Divine Vertue placed in Gemmes Hence Kings and Princes do adorn their Crowns enrich and illustrate their Fingers beautifie their Houses expel Enchantments ture Diseases preserve Health recreate the Eyes exhilarate the Minde and drive away sadness therewith CHAP. 1. Of the Smaragde or Emerald AFter the Adamant which is onely famous for its hardnesse being of no use in Pharmacy the Emerald takes place whose elegant viridity eximious dignity and efficacious vertue prefer it before all Precious-stones then which nothing can be objected more pleasant nothing more grateful to the Eyes for the lenity of its colour refreshes fatigated Eyes which the fulgour of others offend The Arabians call it Zamarrut Emeralds are found in many places but the best amongst the Giants called Cyclops or Arismaspi because they have onely one round eye in the middle of their foreheads for Arisma with them denotes one and Spu an Eye This people hath continual warre with Gryffons that they may more freely effode Gold and Precious-stones wherewith their Mountains abound which many Gryffons fierce and
new water in and so let the work be iterated till the water poured in and agitated appear clear and pure without filth These duly performed let the Ceruse be laevigated on a red Marble stone then dryed and again brayed and then formed into Pastils with Rosewater and reposed for future uses Some bray it with Vinegar and subact it into a masse others with another liquor accommodated to their intentions Ceruse refrigerates siccates astringes extenuates expletes Vires represses excrescencies and perduces to a scar it cannot be assumed at the mouth without peril CHAP. 10. Of Cadmia both factitious and fossile CAdmia which the Arabians call Climia is either fossile and native which is the stone out of which Brass is drawn and is called Brass-Ore which Artificers use in making yellow Brass which the shop-men call Aurichalcum or Orichalcum or else it is factitious The native is often found in Metal-Mynes it is a yellow stone very hard appearing of two colours when it is not accended but all over luteous when accended and it is probable this is the stone which Albertus calls Didachos or the Devils-stone The rivulets and torrents of Cyprus sometimes afford such a stone which being of many colours some call it The Rainbow-gemme of which we have before spoken but indeed it is neither the Rainbow nor Didachos Factitious Cadmia is a dense body concreted of the smoke of Brass melted in a furnace driven by the wind and cleaving to the sides and roof of the furnace Galen saith it is no matter whether we call it an earth or a stone out of which some Brass some Cadmia and some Diphryges is drawn for the stone Pyrites burnt in a furnace affords Cadmia There are five sorts of factitious Cadmia Vires the first is called Capnitis which is found in the very orifice of the furnace which is so exust and tenuious that it resembles Embers the second is called Ostraticls which for the most part is black and looks like a potsheard being more grave and therefore it delabes to the bottom of the furnace and it is the most sordid of all Galen calls it Spodes or Spodium the third and fourth are found in the middle of the furnace and they are called Placitis and Botrytis Placitis is crusty and encompassed with segments as with Zones which is less pondrous and adheres to the sides of the furnace under which Onichitis is found Botrytis is moderately heavy in face and colour like Spodium which when broken is cineritious and aeruginous The first is as it were the thinner smoke of the Brass which adheres to the top of the furnace of which hereafter All Cadmia is well and frequently had in the furnaces of Cyprus which they make of that stone which in dignity they call Cadmia They make whiter Cadmia of Silver but it is not comparable to that of brass Cadmia desiccates gently Vires absterges and helps humid and putrid Ulcers and draws them to scars CHAP. 11. Of Spodium NOthing is more frequently inculcated or heard in Pharmacopolies and nothing less understood then Spodium which all the Apothecaries that I know make of two sorts one coming from Greece and another from Arabia being in name one but in nature very different but that I may speak plainly there is no Arabian Spodium but fictitious as we said before and shall declare hereafter The Graecian Spodium which is indeed the sole Spodium is found in brass furnaces with Pompholix with which it hath much affinity and it is then made when micant sparks ascend from the Metal while it is cocting and because of their gravity delabe down again upon the pavement which as they refrigerate mix themselves with filth and hence this concreted heap of sparkes is inquinated which they call Graecian Spodium which is of use onely in external affections The Spodium of Avicenna and the rest of the Arabians if any is made of very dissimilar matter to wit of the burnt roots of Canes whereunto Avicenna attributes so many dowries that I cannot but admire the mans credulity or else simplicity in writing seeing it is contrary to reason that that root by ustion which they call Spodium should recreate the heart help against swounding quench thirst allay the heat of the stomack and cure the Palsey Melancholy and other diseases he enumerates And grant we that the Arabian Spodium can effect all these yet we ought not to prescribe it because it comes not at us Apothecaries in its stead substitute burnt Ivory calling it Spodium whereas it is indeed rather Antispodium as also that same they make of fig and Myrrhe-leaves burnt together whereof Dioscorides speaks more at large But as crude Ivory differs much both in nature and faculties from crude Canes so burnt also for crude Ivory is better then burnt Ivory Seeing then the Arabian Spodium cannot be had or if it could be had would not answer to those faculties Avicenna puts upon it and we have no analogous substitute it should be expurgen from Medicinal receipts for there is onely one and that the Gaecian Spodium which may not be assumed at the mouth The interpreters of the Barbarians language erre in translating the Arabian Tabaxir or the Indians Traesir Spodium for Tabaxil according to Garcias is a Persian word denoting a lacteous liquor or sweet succe which the Barbarians call Sacar Mamba it is got in reeds or rather trees which are so great that they can make many boats out of one each whereof being excavated betwixt two knots will hold two men wherein the Indians sail swiftly and desond themselves from Crocodiles The succe of these trees is very black and cineritious which they do not onely denominate Spodium though falsly but call it burnt ashes by the same name whereas Antispodium according to Dioscorides is made of ashes for that the ashes of Canes may be called Antispodium and be rightly substituted for defect of the Graecian Spodium but not assumed at the mouth Seeing now there is no Tabaxir of which they can make Spodium but ridiculously burn Ivory for that purpose we may admit of no Spodium but one and that the Graecian which is a kinde of factitious Cadmial as also Pompholix whose disquisition we shall now looke into CHAP. 12. Of Pompholix POmpholix is a small and volatile spark which while Brass is trying in the furnace flies on high and adheres to its supernal part At first when it is made it goes into bubbles and lumps which by touching are disperged for it is like white ashes and so light that it easily flies up and like dust adheres to the top of the furnace and while this by its levity is elevated upward another sort of sparks by their gravity delabe to the Pavement which we call Spodium so that both are made in one furnace both have mutual cognation and one may supply the defect of another Pompholix is by some Seplasiaries called Nil or Nihil by other The Cadmian Bubble
curation prescribes for a series of words onely demonstrate We have observed this method in our Shop wherein are contained all Medicaments for the expugnation of all diseases not confusedly described but such as must be introsumed are digested in the former part of the Antidotary such as must be extrinsecally adhibited in the latter part thereof The first part is distributed into three Books the first whereof treats of Alterative and Preparative Medicaments the second of Purgatives and the third of Cordials or Roboratives Each Book is disterminated into many Sections and they subdivided into many Chapters the first whereof treats of Syrupes and first of such as are made of the first and Spring-flowers as Syrupe of Violets Syrupe of Coltsfoot and of the flowers of Peach-trees CHAP. 1. Syrupus Violarum or Syrupe of Violets â„ž of Violet flowers fresh and picked 2 lb. Infuse them eight houres in 5 pints of hot scalding water in a close * An Insusionpot The Author appoints an equal quantity of sugar to the infusion pot well glazed afterwards press them out and the same Infusion made hot again adde to it the same quantity as before of fresh Violets Infusing them 8 hours more and so sive times repeated adde to the Colature 10 lb. â„¥ x. of Loaf-sugar and so make it into a Syrupe The COMMENTARY Nature alone confects no Syrups but they acquire their mixtion coction and consistence by Art yet that which is made of Violets Water and Sugar onely is called a simple Syrupe in reference to the more compound which besides these admit of the seeds of Quinces Mallowes Jujubs Sebesten and the water of Gourds whose Authour they make Mesue but that I know of I never found it thus confected in him That which we call the Simple Syrupe is made in every Pharmacopoly but not alike simply confected for it is sometimes made of the succe of Violets and Sugar sometimes of the same infused and expressed twice thrice or oftener for many infuse and macerate new Violets seven times others eight and some nine But Fernelius thinks that so oft iterated infusion is needless They in vain saith he reiterate the maceration of Violets nine times for Syrupe of Violets seeing after the third or fourth infusion the Syrupe will be as efficacious as after more But I think that better which is confected by many infusions Some put the expressed succe of Violets others the conserve of Violets in this syrupe incrassated by coction to make it more Violaceous others make it of pure succe of Violets and white sugar others coct their sugar first to the consistence of an Electuary and afterwards with the said succe of Violets into the crassitude of a syrupe Many put a difference betwixt the syrupe of Violets and the Violaceous syrupe calling that the syrupe of Violets which is made of purged flowers and that violaceous which is made of integral and not purged ones and this indeed hath less of Violets faculties in it but it is more solutive for the herbaceous part is emollitive as well as its leaves some put onely four pounds of sugar to five of succe and coct it into the consistence of a syrupe Syrupe of Violets breaks the acrimony of Choler tempers the heat of the bowels subduces the belly Qualitates and conduces to the vices of the breast It is a special auxiliatory in pectoral and lateral inflammations and against the roughness of the Aspera arteria and is very good against the heat of Fevers cholerick and acute diseases the ardour of the intrails and will quench thirst CHAP. 2. Syrupus Tusilaginis or Syrupe of Coltsfoot â„ž of Coltsfoot fresh m. vj. Maiden-hair m. ij Hyssop m.j. Liquorice â„¥ ij boyl them in four pintes of water till the fourth part be consumed let the Colature be clarified and adde thereunto of the finest sugar lb iij. boyl it up to a Syrupe The COMMENTARY This syrupe is denominated from Tussilage as from its basis which ingredes it in greater quantity Its author is uncertain and thence its preparation various But we have exhibited the best description appointing the four prescribed simples to be cocted in four pounds of water but lightly Those that make this syrupe in the beginning of the spring take only the flowers of Tussilage those that make it in summer adde as much of the green leaves as they take of its green flowers Some make it in the middle of summer onely of the succe of its leaves depurated and sugar it may be very well made of the decoction of the flowers and sugar and be called simple syrupe in reference to the former more compound which admits of the true Maidens-hair in stead whereof Polytrichum may be substituted It helps shortness and difficulty of breathing the asperity of the windpipe it cocts moves and expectorates spittle but it must be licked like an Eclegm that it may stick longer in the Osophage and reach the amplitude of the asper artery CHAP. 3. Syrupus florum Persicorum Or Syrupe of the flowers of Peaches Tree â„ž of Peach flowers fresh lb j. Infuse them in three pintes of warme Water for xij hours afterwards Boyl them a little and express them and let the like quantity of flowers be again infused in the same Colature and this repeated five times and to the Colature adde lb iij. of sugar which Boyl into a Syrupe The COMMENTARY This syrupe is either made of the fruits or the flowers of the Peach-tree that which is made of its fruits is seldom in use as Christophorus Mesues commentator confesses and it is made in the beginning of Autume as that of the flowers in the beginning of the Spring Three things require that this syrupe be made of fewer infusions to wit the loss penury and amaritude of the flowers the loss of the flowers which can be regained by no Art for the flowers being evelled new ones grow not again that year and the tree remains fruitless the Penury of them for this tree is sative onely and without culture bears no fruit their Amaritude which will be more intolerable by how much the infusions are more This syrupe educes water and choler Vires kills worms frees the Mesentery from infarctures for it opens the passages incides and educes the humours CHAP. 4. Syrupus de Lupulo Or Syrupe of Hops â„ž of the clarified juyce of Hops lb iiij the juyce of Fumatory lb ij white sugar lb vj. Boyl them according to Art and make it into a Syrupe The COMMENTARY All do not describe this syrupe alike for some make it onely of the succe of Hops and Sugar others adde the succe of Fumatory to whose judgment I rather incline for thus its faculties are bettered it must not be made till the season in the Spring be pretty hot for till then the Fumatory whose succe is required appears not otherwise it must onely be made of the succe of Hops depurated and Sugar cocted to legitimate
must be cocted for by long coction it grows bitter then the herbs and afterwards the seeds be made in water to the dissipation of its third part Why liquorice must not be long boyled for longer coction makes the decoction more viscid all the Simples whereof it consists are dilucidly explicated in the first Book of Medicinal Matter This syrupe expurges crass and pituitous matters Qualitates takes away obstructions impels the sand in the Reins and abates the heat of Urine CHAP. 14. Syrupus de Cichor comp cum Rhaeo or Syrupe of Succory compounded with Rhabarb Des Nic. Florent â„ž of the roots of Smallage Fennel Asparagrass Barley whole of each â„¥ ij The herbs of Succory Dandilyon Endive smooth Sowthistle of each â„¥ ij both the Lettices Liverwort Fumatory Hops an m.j. both the Maiden-hairs Wall-rue Ceterach Liquorice Winter-cherries the seeds of Dodder of eachÊ’ vj. Boyl these in lb xij of water or a sufficient quantity till a third part be consumed to the Colature adde lb vj. of Sugar which boyl up to a Syrupe and in the boyling to every pound of the Syrupe adde of Rhabarb â„¥ ss and Spikenard ℈ iiij tyed up in a rag and hung in the Syrupe The COMMENTARY Nicolaus Praepositus whom most Apothecaries have as president doubles the quantity of Rhabarb prescribed eight times and addes four ounces of Rhabarb to every pound of syrupe so that for every ounce of syrupe there are four dragms of Rhabarb and thus it is made all over Paris That it may be exhibited when use calls for it without delay some onely quadruplicate or triplicate the quantity This so ample quantity of Rhabarb displeases Fernelius Joubertus and others as being of no utility but much loss who think that it were more profitable when use calls for it to infuse some Rhabarb in a convenient decoction and mix it with the syrupe because its purgative faculty perishes by coction and asservation Yet they act prudently that make it with eight times as much Rhabarb though its faculties be more imbecile yet it hath other qualities thereby bettered The syrupe of Succory compounded with Rhabarb is alliotical Qualitates roborative and purgative it allayes the heat of the intrails demulceates the acrimony of choler opens the veins takes away obstructions roborates the â—â—â—r gently purges the stomack and upper region of the body educes hot and pituitous humours if it be assumed in great quantity it helps in all bilious diseases and it may be given safely to all ages and sexes That which is made without Rhabarb is called Simple syrupe though it admit of all the described Simples except Rhabarb and Spikenard But there is one farre more Simple made onely of the succe of Succory depurated and Sugar cocted to a legitimate spissitude Both of them are good for such as have hot livers stomacks and fevers and such as labour under the ardour of bowels and obstructions CHAP. 15. Syrupus de Endivia simplex or the Simple Syrupe of Endive â„ž of the Juyce of Endive clarified lb viij of white Sugar lb v. boyl them into a Syrupe The COMMENTARY Some conceive that this syrupe should be made of the succe of wilde Succory and Sugar others will rather have it of Endive because it is more refrigerative and not so bitter in other qualities they agree But seeing Intubus is the genus to all the differences of sative Succory as Endive and Broadleaf The syrupe may be made of each succe without discrepance and yet be called the Simple syrupe of Endive or Intubus nay some in a larger acceptation call it Syrupe of Succory there being so much affinity both in form and faculty betwixt the sorts of Succory and Intubus that each may be used for other without any manifest errour It mitigates the ardour of the Liver Vires extinguishes the heat of Fevers and obtunds Choler CHAP. 16. Syrupus de Fumar. simpl or The Simple Syrupe of Fumatory â„ž of the juyce of Fumatory clarified lb ij ss Sugar lb ij boyl it into a Syrupe according to Art The COMMENTARY There are two descriptions of the syrupe of Fumatory the one more compound consisting of more ingredients the other less consisting onely of the succe of Fumatory and Sugar The first being hard to make they often put to young Apprentices at Paris to try their ingeny and a syrupe prepared of those Simples which are described in its form is very insuave in odour and sapour and black of colour and therefore it cannot be an Alterative Medicament because ingrateful and ignave nor yet Purgative because inefficacious it is better therefore to keep the Simple syrupe in Pharmacopolies Now that it may be rightly made the succe of the Fumatory must be depurated in the sun when clarified mixed with an equal weight of sugar if the syrupe must be sweet if not less But when the Fumatory's amaritude would be ingrateful it must be dulcorated with more sugar Now Fumatory is a vulgar Plant whereof there are two sorts the one Hortensian and bulbous which is seldome used in Medicine the other equally growing in cultivated and incultivated fields of whose succe this syrupe is made It frees the Hypochondria from obstructions mitigates choler Vires prepares Melancholy succe and cures such Feavers as arise from the hot distemper of the Liver CHAP. 17. Syrupus de Fumaria major or The greater Syrupe of Fumatory D. Mes â„ž Mirobalan Citreor Chebul of each â„¥ ij ss of the flowers of Bugloss Borrage Violets the leaves of Wormwood Dodder of each â„¥ j. Liquorice Rose-leaves of each â„¥ ss Epithymus Polypody of the Oak of eachÊ’ vij Prunes a hundred Raisins stoned lb ss Tamarinds Pulp Cassia of each â„¥ ij Boyl them a little in water from lb x. till lb iij. remains to the Colature of which adde of the Juyce of Fumatory clarified and white sugar of each lb iij. make it into a syrupe according to Art The COMMENTARY But that I have seen this syrupe in many shops I should willingly have omitted it for many will reject it and think it not worth the description because of its sapour and colour Besides its description prescribes no order for its composition but it begins sometimes with Mirobolambs sometimes with Flowers sometimes with Plants leaves and sometimes with Roots and Fruits But that this composition may be rightly peracted first Polypody must be contunded and elixated whereunto when moderately cocted Prunes Raisins Wormwood Epithymum Binde-weed Roses and Liquorice must be added then all must boyl together till seven pounds of the water be absumed onely the flowers must be added a little before Sugar must be added to the Colature and all cocted to the consistency of a syrupe in the cocting the expressions of Cassia Tamarinds and Mirobolambs must be added and so the syrupe besides its other faculties will be Purgative It gently subduces the belly opens the passages Vires removes obstructions takes away all
the orifice of the throat and all vices of the mouth It may be taken alone out of a spoon or diluted in some convenient decoction in form of a Gargarism CHAP. 23. Syrupus Ribes Berberis or Syrupe of Red-Currans or Berberries â„ž of the Juyce of Red-Currans or Berberries lb iiij sugar lb ij ss boyl them according to Art to the consistence of a Syrupe The COMMENTARY The vulgar French call this Grossula rubra the Moors Riben and the shop-men Ribes they are small round red fruits racemously coherent pregnant with much succe and small stones which tunded and pressed emit a succe which after clarification and colation must be mixed with sugar but the sugar must be added in less quantity to this then other cold succes because this succe will keep long without corruption and because by too much sugar its pergrateful acidity will be obtunded and the syrupe weakened Berberries succe must also be so extracted and so cocted with sugar into a syrupe Berberries is a word deduced from Avicenna's Amyrberis which Dodoneus makes Oxyacantha Syrupe of Ribes or Berberries stayes bilious vomiting Vires cures hot Fevers and Heart-aches quenches thirst and cohibits the immoderate Belly-flux CHAP. 24. Syr. de Agresta seu de Omphacio or The Syrupe of sowre Grapes â„ž of the Juyce of sowre Grapes depurated by residence lb v. white sugar lb iij. boyl them together to a Syrupe The COMMENTARY Mesue makes it as the syrupe of the succe of Citrons therefore he confects it of Omphacium and a Julep which is of water and sugar in a Tinne or Potters-vessel not in a brasen or copper one the Omphacium must first be cocted to the thirds then the sugar must be added which must first be cocted in thrice as much water and clarified then the mixture must be fervefied into the consistence of a fyrupe Some saith Mesue adde Cloves but they are better left out Their custome is commendable who first coct sugar to the consistence of an Electuary whereunto they then adde the succe and coct them lightly into a syrupe whereinto they inject the succe of immature Grapes that it may be more acid This syrupe benefits the heart Vires stayes vomitings and the bilious flux of the Belly quenches thirst allayes the heat of the Bowels recreates the stomack loaden with hot humours cures bilious Fevers and is good against poysons Mesue CHAP. 25. Syrupus Limonum Granat or Syrupe of Lemmons and Pomegranates â„ž the Juyce of Lemmons or Pomegranates depurated in the sun and trajected thorow a woollen strainer lb v. white sugar lb iij. boyl them gently to the consistency of a syrupe The COMMENTARY These two Syrupes are joyntly described because their Preparations are one the proportion of sugar to their succes the same and their faculties similar and affine Some coct the sugar to the consistence of a solid Electuary whereupon they affund their limpid succe agitate it with a Spatula and by gentle coction reduce it to a Syrupe And this preparation is good for thus the faculty of the succes is not obtunded by the fire but preserved whole and entire others elixate the succes to the consumption of their third part and thereupon affund a simple Julep and coct them into a Syrupe Some take the succes and dilute them in twice as much sugar and withall califie them together that they may better become a Syrupe and the Syrupe thus confected will keep best and hath a very idoneous consistence So the succes be acid enough it may also be made by insolation without fire by the addition of more sugar But the method prescribed is the easiest shortest and best way of making it and most in use Syrupe of Oranges and many other fruits may also be thus confected The syrupe of Lemmons asswages continual pestilent Vires and contagious Fevers and all diseases accompanied with great ardour it emends also the corruption of humours heart-ach and other heart-affections The syrupe of Pomegranates also recreates the heart arceates putretude cures the diseases and vomitings of choler and stayes Belly-fluxes CHAP. 26. Syrupus Citoniorum simplex or The simple Syrupe of Quinces â„ž of the Juyce of Quinces lb x. boyl it till half be consumed let it stand two dayes to settle afterwards strain it and adde to it sugar lb iij. boyl it up into a syrupe The COMMENTARY The manner of confecting this syrupe is various for some adde Wine others Vinegar others both and many Aromata's and so make it a compound syrupe Some would have it more simple and make it without cocture purging its succe by residence and insolation then having clarified it with sugar percolate and coct it some dilute the sugar in water and coct it well and then adject the succe and elixate them a little into a syrupe others make it otherwise but the description we have given is most usual easie and best This syrupe roborates the ventricle stayes vomiting Vires represses belly-fluxes helps such as labour under the Dysentery Cholick bloody-flux immoderate flux of fluors or Haemorrhoids and stayes distillations falling from the head to the breast and inferiour parts CHAP. 27. Syrupus de Pomis simplex or the simple Syrupe of Apples â„ž of the Juyce of sweet-Apples the Juyce of sower-Apples of each lb v. boyl them till half be consumed then let it stand that it may settle afterwards strain it and with lb iij. of sugar make it into a syrupe The COMMENTARY Some to the confection of this syrupe select the succe of Redolent others of Russetins to whom I willingly assent though Rondeletius refragate who disproves the succe of Russetins upon very infirm grounds because their flesh is hard the succe of those they call Apples of Paradise is also very laudable Some immerge silk newly tincted with scarlet in the succe either before or after depuration till it be red and receive the vertue of the tincture and so become more excellent others put Orange-juyce to it but the description tradited is best according to Mesue Such Apples must be selected as are not onely fragrant with their suavity to recreate the heart but also subacid to exhilarate the parts appertaining to the hearts Oeconomy arceate putretude and contemperate Melancholical humours This syrupe of Apple-juyce incides and diminishes Melancholical humours Vires moves sudour abates the hearts palpitation helps its trembling and debility and according to Mesue prohibits swounding so that it is of perpetual use CHAP. 28. Syrupus Regis Saboris or King Sabor's syrupe D. Mes â„ž of the Juyce of sweet-smelling Apples lb iij. the clarified Juyce of Bugloss and Borage Let the Saffron be hung in a Nodule whilest the syrupe is a boyling of each lb ij the Leaves of Senna picked from its stalksÊ’ iiij Amseed â„¥ ss SaffronÊ’ ij sugar lb iiij boyl these according to Art to the consistency of a syrupe The COMMENTARY No Pharmacopoly should be without this eximious
quantity of the wormwood and augment the sugar for those things that would roborate the ventricle if ingrateful subvert it This syrupe roborates the stomack Vires helps concoction excites appetite discusses flatuosity opens the veins and moves urine CHAP. 4. Syrupus de Stoechade or Syrupe of Stoecados D. Fernel â„ž of the flowers of Stoecados â„¥ iiij Thyme Calamint Origanum of each â„¥ j. ss Sage Betony the flowers of Rosemary of each â„¥ j. ss the seeds of Rue Piony and Fennel of eachÊ’ iij. boyl them in lb x. of water till half be consumed and to the Colature adde sugar and heney of each lb ij make it into a syrupe aromatize it with Cinemon Ginger sweet-Cane of each Ê’ ij tyed up in a linen rag The COMMENTARY Mesue gives two descriptions of this syrupe in both which he puts Pepper and Bartram which being hotter are rejected by Fernelius and he addes certain cephalical Medicaments to wit Sage Betony Poeony and Rosemary that it may acquire the effect the Author intends This syrupe is cognominated from its Basis to wit Staecados whereunto the rest are adjoyned to acquire more cephalical and noble faculties Sylvius permits it to be made with sugar and not honey for the more delicate It conduces to many affections of the brain Vires as Mesue attests to which it would nothing confer if it were made after his description for Stoechas which he puts for its Basis is more hepatical or splenical then cephalical therefore Fernelius addes many cephalicals which make his syrupe conduce to the Epilepsie Cramp Trembling and all cold affections of the brain CHAP. 5. Syrupus de Glycyrrhiza or Syrupe of Liquorice D. Mes â„ž of Liquorice scraped and bruised â„¥ ij white Maiden-hair â„¥ j. dryed Hyssop â„¥ ss macerate them a whole day in lb iiij of rain-water then boyl them till half be consumed to the Colature adde of the best honey penidees and sugar of each lb ss rose-Rose-water â„¥ vj. and so boyl them into a syrupe The COMMENTARY Many do right in not cocting dry Liquorice long lest it grow bitter but put it in in the end of the coction they clarifie the Colature with Penidia Sugar and Honey then coct it to a syrupe adding thereunto some rose-Rose-water before it be perfectly cocted which some disallow of because the syrupe is confected for purgation and the Rose-water is astrictive to whose opinion Joubertus subscribing substitutes the water of the infusion of Roses as less astrictive but this water is therefore commixed that the syrupe may thereby participate of an astrictive quality and assumed in the beginnings of diseases stay the fluent humours and coct such as have delabed The infusion may be desumed for want of the water but not as less astrictive This syrupe consists not onely of simple but compound Medicaments to wit of Penidees which are made of Barly Water and Sugar cocted in such proportion and Art that a very solid mass arises thence so tractable that it adheres not to ones fingers but may be drawn into small long crass short or intorted threads alwayes white and hence its name is Alphenicum It stayes the humours flowing from the brain Vires cocts such as are fallen helps the cough and causes the expectoration of cocted humours CHAP. 6. Syrupus Jujubinar or Syrupe of Jujubees D.M. â„ž of Jujubees n. lx Violets the feeds of Mallows of eachÊ’ v. Liquorice scraped and bruised Maiden-hair Barley of each â„¥ j. the seeds of Quinces white Poppies Melons Lettice Gumme Thraganth of eachÊ’ iij. boyl them in lb iiij of fountain-Fountain-water to the Colature adde of sugar lb ij to bring it into the consistency of a Syrupe The COMMENTARY In confecting this syrupe the cleansed Barly must first be cocted then the Jujubs added then the Liquorice afterwards Maidens-hair and the seeds of Melons Lettice and Poppy at length Violet-flowers and Tragacanthum in the end lest by longer coction it become fume It should be included with Mallowes and Quinces-seed in a linen cloth and then cocted with the rest in four or five pounds of water to the absumption of the third part and elixated with the said quantity of sugar into the consistency of a syrupe the coction should not be to the half unless the weight of sugar be abated It conduces to hoarseness cough pleurisy it cocts Vires moves and educes spittle and that of Violets and is a mean betwixt the syrupe of Poppy it cohibits all fluxions and cocts the defluxed humours CHAP. 7. Syrupus de Hyssopo or Syrupe of Hyssop D. Mes â„ž of dryed Hyssop the roots of Smallage Fennel Liquorice of eachÊ’ x. Barley â„¥ ss the seeds of Mallows and Quinces Gumme Thraganth of eachÊ’ iij. Maiden-hairÊ’ vj. Jujubees Sebestens of each n. xxx Raisins stoned â„¥ j. ss dryed Figs fat Dates of each n. x. boyl them in a sufficient quantity of water to lb iiij to the Colature adde Penidees lb ij make it up into a Syrupe The COMMENTARY This syrupe is cognominated from Hyssop its Basis in the confection whereof its Author Mesue is so far from defining a quantity of water that he mentions no water at all but they should take eight pounds wherein they should coct the Barly half an hour then inject the incided roots to be elixated a quarter of an hour then all the fruits at length the seeds bound in a linen cloth with Tragacanthum and at last pretty dry Hyssop true Maidens-hair or in its stead vulgar Maidens-hair Penidees made without starch must be added to the Colature by coction reducted to three pounds and clarified some had rather put in sincere sugar others the water of sape and sugar but it is best to confect it according to Mesue's description The same Author describes more preparations of this same syrupe but this we have transcribed is the most usual and best This syrupe conduces much to difficulty of breathing Vires pectoral dolours from a cold cause it takes away obstructions moves flours and deterges sand from the reins and bladder CHAP. 8. Syrupus de Aretemisia or Syrupe of Mugwort D. Fern. â„ž the leaves of Mugwort m. ij the roots of Orris Enula-campane Madder Piony Lovage Fennel of each â„¥ ss the leaves of Peny-royal Origanum Calamint Nep Balm Basil Carrets Savin Marjoran Hyssop Horehound Germander Groundpine St. Johns-wort Feverfew and Betony of each m. j. the seeds of Anis Petroseline Fennel Rue Gith of eachÊ’ iij. bruise those that are to be bruised and macerate them 24 hours in Hydromel lb viij boyl them to lb v. and with lb v. of Sugar coct it into a Syrupe The COMMENTARY This syrupe of Mugwort first described by Matthaeus containing a mass of Medicaments perperously congested was rightly castigated by Fernelius who substracting such things as were not known inconvenient and supervacancous left onely such as were usesul as Plantius well observed for when it is in vain to adde more where the thing may be better done by fewer
by cold with its calour and dissipates flatuosity CHAP. 4. Mel Mercuriale or Honey of Mercury â„ž of the Juyce of Mercury lb iij. the best honey lb iiij mingle them and after elixation despume them and so preserve them for use The COMMENTARY They measure not honey all in the same quantity some adding more of the succe and less of honey others on the contrary and many a like weight of both We judge the honey to be more praepotent when it is made of the succe and of leaves or flowers macerated though its quantity exceed the succes It is sometimes made onely of the decoction of the leaves but this way I cannot approve of It may be equally confected of the succe of the Male as the Female Mercury for both have affine faculties and convenient for this confection To the male Mercury they referre Dogs Colewort but this honey may not be confected thereof it should be made betwixt the middle of the Spring and end of Summer for then Plants are more succulent and their qualities more efficacious Honey of Mercury serves scarce to any other use Vires save to ingrede Glysters to make them more absterfive and purgative CHAP. 5. Mel Passulatum or Honey of Raisins â„ž of Raisins purged from the stones lb ij infuse them 24 hours in lb. vj. of hot water either fountain or pluvial afterwards boyl them till half be consumed strain it with a strong expression and to lb iij. of the aforesaid Colature adde lb ij of the best honey which boyl up to a liquid Syrupe The COMMENTARY Some have described two Receipts the one with the other without honey for it may admit of honey though its Inventor Matthaeus describes it without the intervent of honey Whether way soever it be made it is very grateful to the palate and bechical and therefore justly ingredes the composition of some Eclegms There are other Medicinal honeys as the honey of Myrtle of Squills of Anacardium and that of Myrobolambs but they being of rare or no use in Medicine are seldome made We have omitted the honey of Anacardium for many causes First because the fruits whereof it is confected are exotical and very seldome brought to us Secondly because they are indued with a deletery faculty or intemperate excessively Thirdly because of the ambiguity of Authors about its preparation for some onely fervefie the decoction of Anacardia with honey till it acquire a just spissitude others bray them and macerate them seven dayes in Vinegar then coct them to the half and afterwards coct them with honey into a Syrupe others onely bray and boyl the fruits in water till it be red collecting the innatant spume like Mellago which they keep for honey of Anacardium Lastly I would not have honey of Anacardium confected because its faculties are either noxious or useless and inconvenient either to preserve or resarciate sanity SECT V. Of Rob or Sape or Robub THe succes of Plants are conserved for future uses either by the admixtion of something as Honey or Sugar in confecting Syrupes or by some change wrought in them by Artifice as Rob that is Sape or cocted Wine or Robub that is the succe of any Plant incrassated by the beat of the Sun or of fire Rob simply by a certain Antonomasia denotes Sape or sweet new Wine inspissated by coction but in conjunction with another word it signifies the Sape of that same as Rob of Berberries CHAP. 1. Rob seu Sapa or Rob or Sape â„ž of Wine newly pressed from white Grapes lb xij boyl it upon a gentle fire till onely four pintes remain or so long till it attains to the consistency of honey which preserve in a convenient vessel The COMMENTARY Sape is made three wayes for women make Sape of all kindes of Grapes injected into their Kettles and cocted without water and expressed and inspissated into the consistence of honey and they call it Resinetum as if they would say Racematum that is condited of bunches of Grapes Apothecaries also have their way of confecting it but better for they take new Wine expressed out of white mature and selected Grapes and coct it to the absumption of two of its parts the third that remains hath the spissitude of honey which is the Pharmacopolists Rob or Sape but is now seldome kept being now seldome used Cooks also have their Sape made of new sweet Wine cocted to the consistence of honey which they use to sawces they use also cocted wine called Defrutum which being elixated onely to the thirds and despumed remains still liquid Sape is chiefly commended to the diseases of the Mouth Vires for it doth not onely astringe roborate and cohibit the motion of the fluent matter but also absterge and digest it when delabed But we have treated of Sapes more largely in our Institutions Cap. 6. Lib. 3. CHAP. 2. Rob Ribes or Rob of Currans â„ž of the Juyce of Red-Currans lb ix boyl it till the third part be consumed then let it settle and when 't is clear pour it off which boy upon a gentle fire to the consistency of Honey The COMMENTARY This is the simple Sape of Ribes in reference to the more compound whereunto half as much sugar accedes but it is most usually confected according to the prescribed form It should be made in June for then all the Ribes are red ripe and succulent and they then brayed and expressed emit much succe Rob of Ribes is indued with many qualities Vires for it refrigerates astringes roborates and recreates the heart therefore it is very fit to alter a hot distemper to roborate imbecile parts to propugn heart-aches and help such as vomit for by its clement astringence and delectable acidity it helps and delights all parts it attinges Rob of Berberries may be made after the same manner or thus CHAP. 3. Rob Berberis or Rob of Berberries â„ž of the Juyce of Berberries well strained lb viij boyl it in an earthen Pan upon a gentle fire till it acquires the consistency of honey The COMMENTARY Rob of Berberry may be very well made after the same manner with Rob of Ribes for as the fruits are affine in colour magnitude and faculties so also are their succes alike confected It refrigerates astringes Vires quenches thirst either arising from the heat of the ventricle and other intrails or a dry distemper it helps such as labour under the disease of Choler or consumption of the Liver or the Dysentery or the frequent proritation of the Belly CHAP. 4. Rob de Cornis or Rob of the fruit of the Cornel-tree â„ž of the Juyce of Cornel-berries purged from its settlements lb ix boyl it upon a gentle fire till six pintes be consumed and what remains repose in a glass or pot for future use The COMMENTARY Some adde Sugar to it and make it Gelatina but it is less efficacious by how much more suave and it is
that they may be levigated afterwards the sugar must be added brayed subacted and concorporated with the tunded flowers which mass well subacted must be reposed in a potters vessel white flowers must be selected whose herbaceous green and flave part also which is in the middle of the flower should be abjected The luteous Water-Lilly neither ingredes this Conserve nor the Syrupe before-described because the white one is better and more frequent they should likewise grow in limpid and clear water others are worse Conserve of Water-Lilly allayes the heat of the intrails Vires quenches thirst refrigerates the brain conciliates sleep and is good for such as are severish CHAP. 6. Conserva Anthos or Conserve of Rosemary-flowers â„ž of the finest flowers of Rosemary very small beaten lb ss of the whitest Sugar lb j. ss mix them well together with a Box Pestel till they become a fine paste which keep in a Gally-pot well luted The COMMENTARY The Rosemary-flower being of it self dry should not be exposed to the Sun before triture nor dryed but this and all calid and dryer flowers require more of sugar not for their conservation but more suavity and they need not so much insolation This Conserve is of much use in Medicine Vires for it is very cephalical and nerval roborates the brain and propugns all its affections it successfully helps or cures the Epilepsie Apoplexy Lethargy Palsey and Trembling CHAP. 7. Conserva Betonicae or Conserve of Betony â„ž of the flowers of Betony fresh and finely picked lb j. white Sugar lb iij. beat them according to Art into a Conserve The COMMENTARY All do not make this Conserve after the same manner for some confect it according to the form prescribed others coct Sugar in the water of Betony to the consistence of a solid Electuary then mix it with brayed flowers and make a Conserve of most laudable sapour and faculties it may well be made either way Conserve of Betony whether assumed or adhibited Vires roborates the head benefits the ventricle obtunds poysons and propugns all affections of the brain CHAP. 8. Conserva Salviae Melissae Stoechados or Conserve of Sage Balm and Stoechados â„ž of the flowers of Sage or Balm or Stoechados lb ss white Sugar lb s first beat the flowers very small afterwards the Sugar beating them well together till it becomes a soft mass The COMMENTARY The plenty of Medicinal flowers causes plenty of Conserves but Stoechados being very rare and Balm emitting patulous flowers few Conserves if any are confected of them but Sage is so frequent and endowed with so many eximious qualities that a most commendable Conserve Vires Salviae for many uses is made thereof for by a special faculty it roborates the Brain and Nerves conduces much to trembling stupour palsey and affections of the Brain That which is made of Balm gently helps the Memory That which is made of the flowers called Stoechados frees the Liver from obstructions and recreates the Brain Many Pharmacopolists it may be have more Conserves condited of flowers and many fewer and if any one be not content with these he hath liberty to make Conserves of Poeony Tamarisks Primrose and Succory Some make Conserve of Mallows flowers which much conduces to the Stone and vices in the Reins for it leniates allayes heat diduces the passages and expels sand from the Kidneys SECT VII Of Fruits and other parts of Plants Condited FRuits to be condited must not undergo triture like flowers but are condited either whole if small as Ribes and Berberries or somewhat greater as Cherries or else cut into slices as Quinces Roots also purged and sliced are condited Of all which Conditures we shall briefly dissert in this Section CHAP. 3. Cerasa condita or Condited Cherries â„ž of Cherries ripe and purged from their pedicles lb ij white Sugar lb j. boyl them first upon a clear then upon a gentle fire casting off the scum as it arises till their Juyce and the Sugar becomes a perfect Syrupe The COMMENTARY There are many kindes of Cherries whereof those onely are selected for conditure which are very red dulcoacid very succulent and inhaere upon a short pedicle as also such as are obscurely red Now that they may be rightly condited a little water must be put to them for so the Sugar will more easily liquefie and the Cherries be sooner cocted Now they are perfectly cocted when a drop of their Syrupe effunded upon a Marble diffuses not and then they should be removed from the fire and when they grow cold be reposed in idoneous vessels for preservation Condite Cherries because of their suavity and salubrity Vires are exhibited to the sick of any disease and at any time CHAP. 2. Ribes Berberis condita or Condited Ribes and Berberries â„ž of red Currans or Berberries lb j. ss Sugar lb j. boyl them according to Art with a little water till their humidity have acquired the consistency of a Syrupe The COMMENTARY Of the succe of these fruits inspissated by heat we have a Sape of the same and sugar duly cocted a Syrupe also Both which are eximious in restoring sanity to the diseased as we have above hinted These same fruits are also used for Junkets and to that end integrally condited that they may be kept while winter and exhibited to the diseased to whom they are not onely pleasant but conducible They usually mix some water to their conditure but their own succe would do better in its stead for so the conditure would be more acid and sweet also if an equal weight of fruits and sugar were conjoyned CHAP. 3. Pyra condita or Condited Pears â„ž of Pears decocticated and of the whitest Sugar of each lb ij boyl them upon a gentle fire till the Pears become soft and the liquor of the consistency of a Syrupe The COMMENTARY Other Pears may be so condited as those they call Rousselets and others whose flesh is solid Some stick them with Cloves that they may be more grateful to the palate for so they attain an aromatical odour and sapour with sweetness Apples having a sorter substance which by coction would be like a Pultess are not condited whole but cut into slices and artificially cocted with Sugar are made into a certain Paste which sected into morsels is studiously dryed and kept CHAP. 4. Nuces condita or Condited Nuts â„ž of Nuts both young and green n.l. purged from their outward Cortex infuse them nine or ten dayes in warm water daily changed then boyl them till they grow soft which spread one by one upon a cloth that they may dry aromatize them with Cloves and Cinamon and afterwards with an equal quantity of Sugar to the weight of the Nuts boyling them gently adding thereunto a little water to a just consistence The COMMENTARY Many care not for condite Nuts because they grow black which ingrateful colour that it may be hindred let the Nuts be first cocted then
sticked with Aromata and reconded in a vessel upon which superfuse Syrupe perfectly cocted while it is hot if on the following dayes the Syrupe grow crude again coct it again and superfuse it and if yet it appear too fluid recoct it that it may acquire a legitimate consistence for so the condite Nuts will be whiter They roborate the ventricle Vires disspate flatuosity cure the cholick and help coction CHAP. 5. Pruna condita or Condited Plums â„ž of Plums not perfectly ripe of Loaf-sugar of each lb j. clear water lb ss boyl them till the liquor becomes a perfect Syrupe The COMMENTARY There is every-where great plenty and variety of Plums whereof Damascens white black red and violaceous ones are very expetible but most of all the Imperial Plums which when mature are most grateful And these also like other fruits are condited for better preservation and first they are decorticated and presently cast into water lest they should grow flave or black and then they are cocted till the syrupe of their succe mixed with sugar be of a legitimate consistence Thus may Peaches and ripe Apples be condited The Pills of Oranges and Lemmons partly because of their hardness and partly of their insuavity are once or twice macerated in warm water before conditure into which water at the first time some inject a little bundle of ashes at the second time they are cocted in simple water with an equal weight of sugar and so conserved in their syrupe perfectly cocted But for such as delight onely in dry confectures they may be thus made The Pills thus condited must be taken their syrupe wherewith they are madid either gently deterged with a cloth or lightly washed off with water The Pills thus wiped and exsiccated must be immerged in other sugar cocted to the consistence of a solid Electuary and again cocted therein a little then amoved and exsiccated in the sun Hypocauste or other hot place and then kept But this curious Art of conditing Fruits appertains rather to Confectioners then Apothecaries CHAP. 6. Citonia condita or Condited Quinces â„ž of Quinces decorticated cut in five or six parts purged from their membranes and seeds n.x. or xij of Sugar the like weight boyl them with a little water according to Art The COMMENTARY Quinces because of their solidity endure much coction and therefore they require more water They should be cocted not onely till they be soft but till their Syrupe be crasser wherein they must be kept whole and not discepted nor reducted to a Pultess Quinces may be condited another way to wit cocted with Sugar and in cocting agitated that they may acquire the consistence of a Pultess and then they must be removed and reposed in ligneous Boxes if the weight of these Quinces and Sugar be equal the conditure will be more suave but less astrictive There is yet another conditure more red and lucid made onely of the decoction of the Pills and seeds of Quinces with an equal weight of Sugar cocted to the consistence of a Syrupe and kept in Boxes of Pine-wood if in cocting the vessel be shut and covered which contains them the conditure will be more red which colour is most expetible in all conditures of Quinces Some adde the succe of Quinces thereto and call it clear Cidoniat There is also a Conserve made of Quinces but after another manner for their succe is elicited cocted and strained and twice as much sugar added to the colature and cocted to the consistence of an Electuary the succe is in equal weight mixed with sugar and so the Conserve made of a red colour grateful sapour and eximious faculties The Conditure of Leaves CHAP. 7. Folia Adianti condita or The condite Leaves of Venus-hair â„ž of white Maiden-hair picked from its stalks lb j. good Sugar lb ij beat them severally afterwards together till they become a perfect Conserve The COMMENTARY Leaves are seldome condited seeing when dry we can take their decoctions and make Syrupes of them indued with their faculties or keep them dry some for a whole year without damage yet some are so volatile that they scarce retain any thing of their genuine quality when dryed as true Maidens-hair which for its eximious faculties is sought by exotical Merchants and carried in form of a Conserve made as before after which manner other dry leaves may be condited but humid ones thus CHAP. 8. Folia Tussilaginis condita or The condite Leaves of Collsfoot â„ž of the Juyce of the leaves of Coltsfoot lb j. Sugar lb ij boyl then to the consistency of an Electuary to which whilest hot adde of green Coltsfoot finely beaten as much as you see good and make thereof a Conserve The COMMENTARY In the confecture of this Conserve the quantity of the leaves to be brayed is not defined some taking more others less a third part or at most half as much sugar is enough But Conserves thus made should be long insolated and frequently agitated with a Rudicle that they may califie all over and their aqueous humidity be quite dissipated wherewith they abound The conditures of other leaves may be thus confected The conditure of these leaves help the Cough Vires Lungs and hinder the frequent delapse of humours from the Brain to the breast and vitals The Conditure of Stalks CHAP. 9. Caules Lactucae conditae or The condite Stalks of Lettices â„ž of the stalks of Lettices purged from the exteriour skin or cortex lb j. Boyl them in water till they wax soft afterwards dry them upon a cloth then take the like weight of Sugar and with a sufficient quantity of water boyl them till the liquor become a crass Syrupe which repose in a sit vessel If you desire them of a dryer form let them be wiped and dryed and then in Sugar boyled to the height of an Electuary let them a little fervesie afterwards taken out and dryed The COMMENTARY Very few Plants Cauls are condited either because of their hardness or insuavity or other useless qualities But such as have crassitude sweetness tenerity and excellency of faculties may rightly be condited as the cauls of Lettice and Artichock Of both which cauls Confectioners used to make dry confectures after the manner prescribed They quench thirst allay the heat of the stomack and liver Vires CHAP. 10. Caules Cynarae conditi or The condited Stalks of Artichocks â„ž of the stalks of Artichocks the exteriour pellicle taken off and purged from its fibres lb j. boyl them in water till they grow soft afterwards let them be dryed upon a cloth then with the like weight of Sugar and a sufficient quantity of water boyled to the body of a crass Syrupe repose the confecture in a fit vessel which if required more dry prepare them as afore-described The COMMENTARY The white stalks of Artichocks should be desumed before they erupt out of the earth they are used all winter in Paris where they much abound which some
upon no grounds use to stimulate Venery for they afford little of genital matter or flatulent spirits to the body but much Melancholical succe The cauls of the vulgar not of the Spanish Artichock should be selected for that is a kinde of Carduus as both of them seem to be depromed from that stock onely one of them hath by culture attained a more fair aspect and gracious sapour They are more celebrated for Junkets for the whole then Diet for the sick Condited Roots CHAP. 11. Radix Poeoniae condita or The condited Root of Poeony â„ž of the Roots of Poeony washed and purged lb ij boyl them in water till they grow soft then repose them to dry in a shade that their humidity may be evaporated then boyl them again with the like weight of Sugar with a little portion of the aforesaid decoction to the body of an Electuary which take from the fire and repose in a vessel for use The COMMENTARY Some Roots should be condited onely in the Spring before their succe be immitted into their branches boughs and leaves others in Autumn when Plants demit their leaves for then much of the Plants vertue goes into the Roots and then the humour is more throughly cocted then at other times others may be condited both in the Spring Summer and Autumn being alwayes succulent whose cauls are either not erupted or grown up or else dryed They must then be collected in that feason wherein their vertue is most prealent as the Roots of Ragwort and Rainbow in the Spring the Root of Poeony in August according to Sylvius or rather in March the Roots of Enula Bryony and Maidens-grass in Autumn as we have shewed at large in our Institutions Cap. 13. Lib. 1. Some of them are amare sharp and insuave which before their conditure should be often macerated in water others are grateful which being one day infused in warm water may in the same or another be cocted forthwith as the Roots of Poeony which may be well condited according to this prescribed form or some other of the like sort when they are cocted and the Sugar cocted like a soft Electuary affunded upon them if they become crude the liquor must be again cocted and that again repeated till they cease from their crudity These condited are of great potency to arceate and cure the Epilepsie if they be moderately taken in the morning fasting and at the hour of sleep CHAP. 12. Radices Eryngiorum conditae or The condited Roots of Sea-holly â„ž of the Roots of Sea-holly cut sloping and purged from its inward pith lb j. boyl them in water till they become soft dry them in a shade Sic Radices Buglossi condiuntur then let Sugar be dissolved in the same decoction and boyled to the spissitude of an Electuary to which adde the Roots and again gently cocted that their aqueous humidity may be dissipated repose them afterward in a Gally pot and preserved The COMMENTARY The Roots of Sea-holly being sweet needs undergo but one materation before conditure and then be cocted in the same water till they be soft then condited with Sugar as the form shews Mesue addes some Aromata's as Cinamon and Ginger wherewith be would have the Roots stuck and he boyls them with a portion of Honey and Sugar or else Honey onely thrice the quantity of the Roots But the form I have exhibited is more usual and better We everywhere in the Aarabian writings meet with Secacul which is hitherto taken for Sea-holly But its description given by Avicenna and Serapio shew that it is another Plant dissimilar in face if not faculties It grows in India and is there condited and is kept and given for venereous matters as also our Sea-holly which some do perperously call Secacul though their vertues be affine for both of them are hot and moist in the end of the first and beginning of the second degree They move Venery Therefore they do right who for defect of the Indian Secacul substiture our Sea-holly and let such cease to be angry at this substitution who must have something of that nature and cannot get the true Secacul Sea-holly is of the kinde of aculeated Plants whose leaves are tender not spinous and rigid and fit for cibaries Dioscorides saith they are broad asperated about their ambient aromatical to the gust and when perfectly grown aculeated with many horrid spines Its heads also are circumvalled with aoute spines its roots long black without white within tender sweet and grateful to the gust It is more largely described in our first Book of Medicinal Matter It s Root condited nourishes augments seed Vires excites venery moves urine and expels the sand of the Reins and Bladder CHAP. 13. Radices Symphiti condita or The condite Roots of Comfrey â„ž of the roots of the greater Comfrer slieed lb j. macerate and boyl them in a sufficent quantity of water till they become soft dry them in a shade for a whole day Let them Sugar be put to the decoction and boyled to the spissitude of an Electuary to which adde the roots and again let them be boyled till the aqueous superfluity be evaporated and when they begin to be condited repose them in a vessel for use The COMMENTARY The roots of Comfrey as also many other which by cocture become easily soft are rightly condited after this prescript yet some had rather prepare and condite them thus First they coct the washed and cleansed roots then they bray them then they transmit them through a fieve then put twice their quantity of Sugar to them and coct them to the consistence of an Electuary then they recalifie them and recond the conditure in Boxes And thus they do with all other crasser roots for thus they may be better purged from their fibres and more perfectly confected in every part They stay the running of blood from any part Vires cohibit the delapse of homours and agglutinate wounds in the internals CHAP. 14. Radices Enulae conditae or The condited roots of Enula-campane â„ž of the roots of Enula-campane washed purged and sliced lb ij infuse them in warm water for the space of four dayes the water being daily changed then boyl them till they grow tender then dry them in a shade afterwards take the like weight of Sugar which dissolve in the aforesaid decoction and boyl it up to the consistency of an Electuary then adde the aforesaid roots and coct them together gently which afterwards repose in boxes The COMMENTARY The roots of Enula must be macerated more or less as their insuavity requires and if it may be emended by two or three macerations they need no longer immersion lest their whole vertue be deposed in the water They roborate the stomack Viret recreate the heart discuss flatulency help concoction resist poysons and pestilent virulent diseases CHAP. 15. Radices Satyrii conditae or The condite roots of Satyrion â„ž of Satyrion roots washed
and picked lb j. boyl them in water till they become tender then let them be dryed in the shade covering them with a cloth when they are dryed ningle them with the like preportion of Sugar dissolved in the abovesaid decoction and boyled to a good consistence which coct a little that the humidity of the water may be dissipated The COMMENTARY The whole roots of Satyrion should be condited for their mole hinders not but that sugar may pervade their whole substance We have adjoyned no Aromata's that they may be more safely exhibited to such as labour under Hectick Fevers they are indued with like faculties with Diasatyrium but more imbecilely as we shall shew in its due place Many other roots are condited after the same manner with these which for brevities sake I omit We have no fresh Ginger but it comes all condited to us from Bengala a countrey in India SECT VIII Of Eclegms that must be preserved in Pharmacopolies EClegms do by good right challenge place amongst the Preparative Medicaments for they prepare the humours contained in the breast for expulsion by vomit or impact them into another place for eduction by stool For seeing they are either acid or sweet they incide viscid humours and make them easie to be separated from the parts whereunto they adhere The sweet ones concoct the same and make them sit for exclusion by spittle If they be of a mixt sapour and dulcoacid they both attenuate and concoct But those that the Ancients kept in their Shops are now almost out of use And now when some prave affection of the highest region of the Breast or Asper Artery requires a Lohoch or Eclegm they are quickly made for present use being both for vertue and sapour at the best So that the Ancients Eclegms as they are less grateful so they seem to be less useful Yet lest our Shop should be quite void of them we shall select a few of more easie confecture and particular use As CHAP. 1. Eclegma Scilliticum or Eclegm of Squills D. Mes â„ž of the Juyce of Squills Honey despumed of each lb ij boyl them together according to Art to the consistency of Honey The COMMENTARY This Eclegm is most easie to confect and most simple consisting onely of the same things that make up Honey of Squills onely they differ in preparation and proportion For in Honey of Squills the leaves are confusedly insolated with the Honey in a fit vessel and strained when use calls for it But in the Eclegm of Squills onely their succe is cocted with Honey above the consistence of a Syrupe Eclegms of Squills potently incide and prepare for expulsion Vires crass and viscid humours impacted in the spirators They very much help such as breath with difficulty or have much of viscid Phlegm in their Lungs or highest region of the Breast CHAP. 2. Eclegma de Caulibus or Eclegm of Colewort D. Gord. â„ž of the Juyce of Coleworts lb j. boyl it a little and scum it afterwards adde SaffronÊ’ iij. Sugar and Honey of each lb ss boyl them according to Art to the consistence of a Linctus The COMMENTARY The succe of Garden-Cauls must first be educed then depurated by the Sun or fire then Honey or Sugar added to it and they perfectly cocted then must well-pulverated Saffron be mixed therewith or as Gordianus its Author would have it injected thereinto while cocting because he will have it tend to its spissitude but it is credible he means by his Electuary a Lohoch for the cure of difficulty of breathing But the leaves of red Cauls should be selected when the diseases of the highest part of the Breast are respected or the Belly to be moved Lonoch of cauls cures difficulty of breathing Vires inveterate coughs cocts moves and excludes spittle CHAP. 3. Eclegma de Pulmone Vulpis or Eclegm of Foxes Lungs D. Mes â„ž of Fox Lungs prepared and dryed of the Juyce of Liquorice white Maiden-hair sweet Fennel-seeds Anise-seeds of each equal parts make it into a Lohoch with Syrupe of Red-roses or Myrtles The COMMENTARY Some confect it with simple Hydrosa charum that is water and sugar others with sugar solved and cocted in Saxifrage water and some that would have it more roborative with Rob or inspissated succe of Myrtle as Mesue advises We confect it with syrupe of Roses or Alexanders syrupe for so it is more grateful then those with Rob of Myrtle and Hydrosacharum yea its faculty roborates in a mean betwixt them But if it be kept for a Roborative it may be rightly confected with syrupe of Myrtle but Pharmacopolists do not now preserve it Foxes Lungs should if possible be onely taken by such as are young sound and given to hunting they must be washed in water incided according to the vessels whereto they adhere and wherein they are suspended their blood must be expressed then moderately washed in white-wine imposed in a pot dryed in an Oven pretty hot and kept When use calls for them a portion of them must be levigated very small and mixed with some idoneous liquor as in this Eclegm with the said Syrupe and other pulverated Medicaments Mesue describes this Lonoch of Foxes Lungs to difficult breathers Vires but some would rather bray the Lung and exhibit it mixed with Julep of Roses others upon good grounds prefer the Lungs of other wholesome Animals as Hogs Rams or Calves Lungs for the easure of such as are troubled with difficulty of breathing for the diseased may eat these with more delight and salubrity to the quantity of two or more ounces and so better consult the sanity of his Lungs then if he uses an ounce of this Eclegm wherein there is scarce a scruple of Foxes Lungs Yet this should be kept in Pharmacopolies because it is very bechical and may be successfully used by such as are tabid CHAP. 4. Eclegma sanum expertum or A sound and experienced Lohoch D. Mes â„ž of Raisins stoned Figs Dates of each n. xij Jujubees Sebestens of each xxx Foenugreek-seedÊ’ v. Linseed Anise-seed sweet Fennel-seed dryed Hyssop Calamint the roots of Orris Liquorice Cinamon of each â„¥ ss Maiden-hair m.j. boyl them all in four pintes of water till half be consumed to the Calature adde Penidees lb ij boyl it again to the crassitude of Honey then adde these following powders and pastes Pine-kernelsÊ’ v. blanched Almonds Starch of eachÊ’ iij. Liquorice Gumme-Thraganth Arabick of each â„¥ ij ss Orris â„¥ ss Let all these be exactly mingled and beaten into a Lohoch The COMMENTARY That this Eclegm may be well confected the root of Orris should be cut into short pieces and be first cocted in limpid water by half a quarter of an hour then must the seeds be injected then the fruits and leaves last the Liquorice and Cinamon the powders being levigated a part must be confusedly mixed and conjected into the colature duly cocted with Penidees that of these united and agitated with a
Pestel may arise an Eclegm which from its effect is called Sound and Expert for it contains many fruits seeds leaves and some gummes which commonstrate its eximious faculties whereunto they adde Amylum to make it more viscid Now Amylum may be made of many cereals but the best is that that is made of Wheat five times madefied with water till it be soft which done the water is effused without agitation lest something that is useful flow out with it when it is very soft and the water effused it should be calcated with ones feet and so broken then should water be again superfused upon it and it again calcated and the enatant bran received into a sieve and the rest dried in a Basket and forthwith baked in the sun and kept For thus it is grinded without a Mill and thence called Amylum It leniates exasperated parts stays the fluxions of the eyes and rejections of Blood This Eclegm cures the cough Vires and hoarseness contracted by a cold distemper it incides attenuates and deterges much and concocts cold humours CHAP. 5. Eclegma de Pineis or Eclegm of Pine-kernels D. Mes â„ž of Pine-kernels cleansed from their skinsÊ’ xxx sweet Almonds Hazel-Nuts Gumme-Thraganth Arabick Liquorice Juyce of Liquorice white Starch white Maiden-hair Orris-root of each â„¥ ss the Pulp of DatesÊ’ xxxv bitter Almonds Honey of Raisins fresh Butter white Sugar of each â„¥ iiij Honey as much as will suffice to make it up according to Art into an Eclegm The COMMENTARY That this Eclegm may be rightly made the dry roots must first be brayed apart then the Maidens-hair then the fruits then the gummes and Amylum but such as may better be incided as Almonds and Filberts may be cut with a knife When all are well levigated Rob or Honey of Raisins must be added then butter then an idoneous quantity of the whitest and best Honey that the Eclegm may be of a legitimate consistence It cures inveterate coughs Vires difficulty of breathing moves viscid spittle helps the asperity of the voyce helps coction and expectoration of humours and cures such affections of the Lungs and Breast as arise from the plenty or noxious quality of humours Finis Libri Primi The Apothecaries Shop OR ANTIDOTARY THE SECOND BOOK Of most selected and approved Purgative Medicaments THE PREFACE THe multitude of Compounded Purgatives are almost innumerable their forms multifarious and their preparations various We shall here exhibit the most select best and approved and those either in form of a liquid or solid Electuary as Opiates or Hierae or in form of Pills and Trochisks For Pharmacopolists seldome keep Purgatives in form of Powders or Potions We shall adde the manner and reason of their confecting and the quality of the Confection But we shall withall omit many Purges described by the Ancients because their use is not salubre nor a due order observed in their Composition as admitting of many noxious useless and unknown Medicaments We shall also neglect many described and invented by late men who being covetous of vain-glory cognominated some after their own Titles and from a fictitious effect We shall I say relinquish such and give onely the more select approved and useful We dissect this Treatise into four Sections In the first whereof we speak of liquid Electuaries in the third of solid ones in the fourth of Pills and in the second of bitter Confections which Medicks call Hierae CHAP. 1. Diacassia D. N. Praepos â„ž of the flowers and leaves of Violets Mallows Beets Pellitory Roman Wormwood of each m. ss boyl in lb iiij of water till half be consumed to the Colature adde of Honey lb j. boyl it to the consistence of a liquid Electuary then mingle with it Gassia lb j. and so make it into an Electuary and repose it in a fit vessel The COMMENTARY All do not make Diacassia alike for some coct the succes of Plants with honeys to a fit crassitude and then adject the Cassia others elixate the Plants and in the colature dilute Cassia and Honey and then fervefie the whole mixture to the consistence of a liquid Electuary But that manner wherein the Cassia is so long cocted is disapproveable but the other whereby the Canes wherein the Cassia is contained are washed in the strained decoction and afterwards a pound of honey added and they cocted to a legitimate spissitude that by the adjection of a pound of Cassia they may become an Electuary is very good Some in stead of honey mix sugar therewith others both some adde Manna others Senny others other Medicaments and so confect various Electuaries of Cassia whereunto I assent not For it is enough that we have Diacassia made according to the prescript for Glysters and if the pith of Cassia must be assumed at the mouth it may be extracted fresh and taken alone or mixed with other Medicaments as the Medick requires But Aegyptian or Oriental Cassia should be selected which is without redly black and within full of a fat medullous and black matter which is of force to contemperate heat wash the Belly and gently purge the Body and may thence be securely given to Boyes Old-men and pregnant Women for it subduces the Belly without molestation but it is thought procurative of flatulency and therefore many educe its pith in the vapour of cocted Anise or Fennel others mix some Cinamon with it and Coraeus gives it with some grains of Berberries to such as have weak Intestines I hear of a new kinde of Cassia brought from Brasile a half ounce whereof doth more move the Belly and copiously educe humours then a whole ounce of the vulgar and oriental Diacassia is a benign Medicament and purges clemently it allayes the heat of the Mesentery gently moves the Belly humectates its siccity and by lubrication and detersion deposes the excrements by stool CHAP. 2. Electuarium lenitivum or The lenitive Electuary â„ž of Polypody of the Oak Senny picked Raisins stoned of each â„¥ ij Mercury m. j.ss Barley Maiden-hair Violets of each m. ss Jujubees Sebestens of each num xx Prunes stoned Tamarinds of eachÊ’ vj. LiquoriceÊ’ ss boyl them in a sufficient quantity of water till a third part be consumed to the Colature adde Pulp of Cassia-Fistula Tamarinds Prunes Loaf-sugar and Sugar of Violets of each â„¥ vj. Senny powdred â„¥ iij. ss make it into an Electuary according to Art The COMMENTARY The Raisins which ingrede this confection should be purged from their stones if white Adiantum or true Maidens-hair cannot be had Polytrichum may be substituted in its stead Conserve of Violets or Sugar of Violets may be mixed at pleasure He that judges Conserves inept in Electuaries may adde Anise or sweet Fennel-seed or a little Cinamon yet this Electuary hath hitherto been confected without any of them and the users have not found any molestation from flatulency The fruits whose pulps must be educed must be humectated in a part of the prepared decoction another
part thereof with sugar must be made into a Syrupe and the pulps with sugar of Violets mixed with it while hot then must an ounce and an half or at least an ounce and three dragms of well-levigated Senny be added to every pound of the Composition whereof they say Rhasis is Author This lenitive Electuary thus cognominated from its effect Vires levifies mollifies and subduces the Belly educes all obvious but especially pituitous and melancholical humours without molestation it helps against the Pleurisie and other pectoral affections The Florentine Medicks describe another by the name of the Magisterial Electuary which admits of Turpentine Ginger and Scammony which our Shop may well be without CHAP. 3. Electuarium Catholicum or The Catholical Electuary â„ž of Polypody of the Oak well bruised lb j. pure water lb ix boyl them together till a third part be consumed and in two parts of the decocoction let there be boyled Sugar lb viij to which adde pulp of Cassia and Tamarinds madefied with the other part of the decoction of the leaves of Senny of each â„¥ viij of the best Rhabarb Polypody sweet Fennel-seeds Violets of each â„¥ iiij of the four greater cool seeds of each â„¥ j. Liquorice Penidees Sugar-Candy of each â„¥ ss make into an Electuary The COMMENTARY That this universal Antidote may be duly confected many things must be brayed and prepared apart and first of all Polypody which being twice assumed must be bifariously prepared In the first course it must be brayed only pretty grosly in the second it must be levigated very small that which is onely contunded must be long cocted in the prescribed or sufficient quantity of water and a Syrupe must be made of two parts of its colature and sugar The Tamarinds and Cassia must be humectated with the rest that their pulps may be more easily separated and secerned The Rhabarb must be brayed alone the Senny Liquorice Fennel and Violets both alone and together twice as much of the Syrupe of Violets may be mixed in stead of the Violets the four cold seeds must be excorticated and minutely cut with a Pen-knife then must the Penidia and Sugar be pulverated then must all be put together and agitated with a ligneous Pestel or Rudicle till they become an Electuary of a legitimate consistence And the composition of this solemn Medicament is not onely various but there are also various opinions concerning its Author for Sylvius seems to ascribe the invention thereof to Galen Joubertus to Nicolaus Myrepsicus Bauderonius to Nicolaus Salernitanus Adolphus Occon to Nicolaus Praepositus Valer. Cordus to Nicolaus Alexandrinus who indeed hath described it but not as it is vulgarly made But none know certainly to which of these to attribute its invention but all call it Nicolaus his Catholicum not adding his Sirname Now this Medicament is called Catholical or Universal either because it expurges all humours or because it draws them from all parts of the Body That which is made according to this prescript is called Simple Catholicum in reference to the more compound which receives twice as much Rhabarb and Senny yet neither of them substantially or in powder ingrede that same as they do this simple Catholicum but the Senny is cocted and the Rhabarb infused and its expression joyned with the mixture which formed into an Electuary is called Catholicum Duplicatum Many coct Anise and Fennel and others Coriander-seed with Polypody to discuss its flatuosity but there is Fennel enough in the description to effect this so that there is no need to congest so many Medicaments of the same faculty together If any like not Anise he may in its stead substitute sweet Fennel or Coriander or an equal weight of each yea any may adde some Cinamon to make it more grateful and it will be of good consequence The rest I leave to the old description which most Medicks approve of and prefer before many purges which to pervert as Rondeletius hath done were a piece of a piacle Some keep a certain Catholicum in their shops for Glysters different from the common one onely in this that it admits of onely old and worse Rhabarb and is confected with Honey in stead of Sugar That which is very purgative wherein Apothecaries put Turpentine Coloquintida and Hermodactyls is not good I hear of some that make a more liquid Catholicon onely of Syrupe and the infusion of some pulps but its faculties being very imbecile and not respondent to the scope of the Author whoever first made it I think it is not now kept or prepared Fernelius gives more descriptions of Catholicum one whereof amongst other things receives Hellecampane Hyssop Ginger Cinamon Nutmeg and Honey another amongst Purgatives Agarick Turpentine and Diacridium which compositions made by a perite artificer are good but they are seldome kept in shops Let that then which we have according to the Ancients minde here described be continually kept for the true Catholicum in each Pharmacopoly It clemently and gently purges all humours cures Fevers Vires and acute diseases especially such as proceed from the prave disposition of the Spleen and Liver CHAP. 4. Diaprunum seu Diadamascenum simplex or Simple Diaprunum or Diadamascenum D.N.Myr. â„ž of fresh and ripe Damask-Prunes n. 100. boyl them in a sufficient quantity of water till they grow soft then let them be pulped through a hair-sieve In the percolated Colature boyl the flowers of Violets â„¥ j. In the Colature dissolve Sugar lb ij boyl them into a Syrupe to which adde the pulp of the aforesaid Prunes inspissated by it self lb j. of the pith of Cassia and Tamarinds of each â„¥ j. then sprinkle in these following Powders viz. White Sanders red Sanders Rhabarb of eachÊ’ iij. Roses Violets the seeds of Purslain Endive Berberries Juyce of Liquorice Thraganth of eachÊ’ ij of the four greater cool seeds of eachÊ’ j. make it into an Electuary according to Art The COMMENTARY The description of this Electuary shews the manner of its confection which indeed is the best though some make it otherwise who wash and elixate not onely the pulps of Plums and Tamarinds but of Cassia also to the consistence of Honey with a Syrupe whereunto they afterwards adde the Powders that together with its desired faculty it may acquire its legitimate consistence But all agree not about the quantity of Violets for some according to Nic. Myrepsus his decree take onely half an ounce others an ounce and a half we aiming at the mean take one ounce to be a little cocted in the strained decoction of the Plums Some besides the Authors intention adde Cinamon but we think it unfit for a lenitive and refrigerative Medicament And we judge no otherwise of Berberries-seeds though we know that they are roborative for Diaprunum may easily be without their help seeing it admits of Rhabarb and Roses which are farre more roborative and seeing its main faculty should rather be lenitive then roborative But
Violets and Santals which allay also the heat of the Aromata's Penidia are added for mitigation Sugar for suavity and Honey for conservation Anton. Landaeus an Apothecary of Paris made it after this form faithfully as I have described it and exhibited it by my advice to many sick people who without any insuavity to the mouth subversion to the stomack or torsion to the Belly were thereby successfully purged and securely liberated from their diseases It is most commodious to such who abound with many bilious and pituitous excrements and can take no purgative Medicaments but grateful ones for this confection is not insuave and yet it potently subduces the Belly removes obstructions purges crass and viseid humours helps compounded Fevers and all such diseases as arise from phlegm and bile But it is not so good in the heat of Summer unless it be drunk in some validly-refrigerative decoction or other such liquor CHAP. 11. Diabalzemer seu Electuarium Sennatum â„ž of the roots of Succory Bugloss Polypody of the Oak the bark of the roots of Capers Grass-roots Liquorice Currans of eachÊ’ vj. Maden-hair Mules-fern Ceterach Dodder Mugwort Fumatory Egrimony Betony Balm the flowers of Broom and Violets of each m. ss Boyl them in a sufficient quantity of water till lb iij. of the Colature remains in which infuse and boyl of the leaves of Senny the seeds of Carret and Coriander of eachÊ’ j. ss black Hellebore Turbith of each â„¥ j. ss ClovesÊ’ ij boyl these till a third part of the Liquor be consumed to the Colature adde lb j. ss of the Sugar which again boyl till it comes to above the consistency of a Syrupe to which adde the infusion of â„¥ ss of choyce of Rhabarb in steel-Steel-water strongly expressed forth then adde of the Powders of Senny â„¥ ij of Lapis Lazuli prepared Cinamon of each â„¥ ss Sassafras â„¥ j. Pyony-roots Tamaris Epithimus the middle bark of Ash of eachÊ’ ij Sem. Agni Casti Roman Gith Spikenard of eachÊ’ ij Rosemary Stoechados of eachÊ’ ij Make it into an Electuary The COMMENTARY Each disease hath its praesidy but every Dispensatory suppeditates not a Salve for every sore We shall endeavour now to adde something wherein many have been defective and afford an auxiliary for the Hypochondriacal who as yet have been either overlooked or taken for desperate This Medicament is concinnated for the affections of the Hypochondriacal Histerical Melancholical and such as venery hath proclaimed French-men It is named Dialalzemer from Senny its Basis which the Arabians call Albazemer then which no Medicament is more melanagogous nor purge more tolerable This we mix partly in Powder partly in infusion with such things as discuss flatulency attenuate humours remove infarctures roborate the spleen liver and bowels recreate the faculties respect the Uterus obtund some malign quality and securely propel humours long since congested not onely melancholical and contumacious ones but viscid and pituitous also which sometimes put on the habit of Melancholly and some adust bilious humours and therefore we adde Rhabarb and Turbith that we may with the Melancholical Captain-humour educe the Pituitous his companion inseparable and also the Bilious which is pedissequous And because this Medicament most respects melancholy we have selected black Hellebore for this black humour rejecting the white as more convenient for Phlegm The manner of its preparation is easie and sufficiently demonstrated in the description But before all be congested into the composition the Azure-stone calls for some preparation as thus A sufficient quantity thereof must be taken brayed in a Metalline Morter washed with common water dryed in the Sun or hot ashes then again washed and dryed and so again and again till the water remain limpid then must it be dryed and that not ten but if need be twenty times then let it be washed four five or more times in cordial waters then let it be dryed and kept for use For thus its malign quality perishes and its purgative evades conqueror In the confection of Alkermes it is burnt and its purgative faculty exhaled its cordial onely then remaining whereof there is use Diabalzemer doth miraculoussy help the Splenical Vires Melancholical Hypochondriacal Maniacal Epileptical Histerical and Elephantical This frees Widows from their foetid colours for want of concourse and venereous Indians from their scarlet Noses contracted by contract CHAP. 12. Hydragogum Eximium â„ž of the roots of Orris Reed Grass the barks of the roots of Capers Asarabacca Caraway of eachÊ’ vj. Pimpinel * Polytricus Maiden-hair Egrimony Ceterach Mugwort of each m.j. of the flowers of the Peach-tree m. ss Boyl them in a sufficient quantity of water In the Colature infuse and boyl a little of the leaves of Senny â„¥ ij of the seeds of Carret â„¥ ij boyl the decoction till it comes to a pinte to which adde Juyce of Damask-Roses lb ss Sugar lb ss Honey despumed in the decoction â„¥ x. boyl them to a Syrupe to which adde these following powders Manna â„¥ ij Turbith * Esula Milkwort prepared of each â„¥ j. ss GingerÊ’ j. Water-flag Calamus Aromaticus of eachÊ’ j. Mechoacan â„¥ ij the seeds of Dwarf-eldern â„¥ ss and of Sea-ColewortsÊ’ iij. CinamonÊ’ ij make it up into an Electuary The COMMENTARY Many descriptions we have which smell more of confusion then composition whose effects shew their brangling Authors and therefore we reject many liquid Electuaries as either unaccommodated for cure by their ill composure or obsolete for want of custome picking out such as are better described and more approved by their sanative effects As besides the two former which we have added this also which for its excellence is called The eximious Hydragogal Electuary which we desire may be alwayes in Pharmacopolies that it may be ready to open the sluce when the river is stopped and the banks almost over-run lest the hydroptical be without praesidy and drown his vitals in his watty Belly And because we would have this Medicament perfect we have added such things as will emend the distemper remove the obstructions and roborate the whole of the Spleen and Liver from which the hydroptical get much of his evil We have also added some to discuss flatuosity and awaken the native calour Besides many more which duly prepared become hydragogous The form demonstrates the manner of their preparation This may be safely given to such as labour under the Dropsie Vires for it educes watry humours without violence and is a most accommodate Purgative for all diseases arising from thence The Parisian common people used to flock to a woman-Pharmacopolist who gave them a certain Powder to purge the hydroptical of their watry and serous humours but few or none recovered SECT II. Of Hierae SOme Purgative Compounds were for their excellent effects by the Greeks called Hierae that is Holy and Great for they are indued with great vertues and cure great diseases but they are most vulgarly denominated from some famous
preparation is so easie as it needs no further explication They are very conducible to many ocular affections Vires for they allay their dolours mitigate their inflammations stay their fluxions deterge exsiccate and digest the matter and roborate the part Now I think I have recenseated the most usual and principal Pastils which should be kept in Pharmacopolies for others which occurre in vulgar Antidotaries are either of none use or disapproved or else they may be easily comprehended under these and supplyed by them Finis Libri Tertii THE SECOND PART OF The Apothecaries Shop OR ANTIDOTARY Of EXTERNALL MEDICAMENTS Distinct into three BOOKS In the first whereof we shall treat of all kindes of Oyls and add thereunto an Appendix of Balsams THE PREFACE TOpical Medicaments are many as Fomentations Epithems Liniments Collyries Lotions Frontals Cataplasms Synapisms Dropax Vesiccatories Bucklers Bags Coifes and many more which are made for present use and will not keep long without corruption whereof we have treated at large in the fifth Book of our Institutions Others may be kept a whole year or two without damage for future uses as Oyls Cerates Unguents and Salves whereof we have purposed to treat in this second Part of our Shop whose use is both more grateful and tolerable then those that are ingested at the mouth for such by oppugning diseases subvert the Ventricle take away Appetite excite Torments and disturb the whole oeconomy of Nature Whence Cornelius Celsus would have Medicaments and Potions seldome used for seeing they can scarce be exhibited in a just dosis or when exhibited do their office seeing they often move but move not throughly or propel laudable humours deserting the malign or leaving the internals distempered They are sometimes perillous for Aetius knew an imperite MEdick who by the undue exhibition of a Medicament killed a man But Topical Medicaments are safe and may be usurped not onely to external but internal vices For as we seeing Extuberancies appear without use purges to coerceate the exuperant humours So when we are infested with something within we often apply Unguents Oyls and Liniments without For whether the Stomack or Liver Reins or other interiour bowel be pained much help may be administred by due external applications For all the Medicaments of old were external which the Ancients following their Captain Nature used without experience and Countrey-men yet hurt with a blow a fall cut or knock without choyce assume the first occurrent Plant and apply it to the part affected and it often falls out that a noxious Medicament upon strong natures produce successful effects Now we shall in these three Books shew what Medicaments Topical are best which should be kept in Pharmacopolies and how they are made And as we have methodically proceeded in the three former First describing the most liquid as Syrupes then the more crass as Eclegms then the most crass as Electuaries and last the most solid as Pills and Trochisks So now in the three later Books we shall begin with Oyls first then pass to the more spisse as Unguents and then to the most crass as Emplaisters Taking then our rise from Oyls whereof Cerates Unguents and Emplaisters matuate much of their parts we shall first treat of such as are made by impression or infusion then fly to such as are made by expression and at last to such as are elicited by ascent or descent The Apothecaries Shop OR ANTIDOTARY THE FOURTH BOOK Of Topical or External Medicaments AND FIRST Of Medicinal Oyls made by infusion OYls whereof there is frequent use in Medicine are either simple or compound Those are simple which have nothing from Art but their eduction admitting of no mixture but educed by expression as Oyl simply so called expressed from mature and Omphacinum from immature Olives as also the Oyl of Almonds the Oyl of Walnuts and many more expressed out of fruits and seeds which mutuate their various qualities from the variety of seeds whence they are educed as hot Oyls from hot cold from cold seeds c. Oyl absolutely so termed is meant of that onely which is extracted from mature Olives whose expression appertains no more to Apothecaries then the expression of Wine or confection of Bread as to their manners how which laborious work and business is duly committed to Rusticks and diuturnal labourers Seeing all these are aliments and fitter for Tables then Shops therefore an Apothecary should not sollicite himself about the expression of common Oyl but about such as are elicited meerly by Art Of all which we shall treat in this Book In whose former Section we shall examine all such as are made by impression or infusion of Medicaments beginning with the Oyl of Violets which are the first flowers of the Spring CHAP. 1. Oleum Violatum or Oyl of Violets â„ž of washed Oyl lb v. of the flowers of Violets fresh and bruised of the Juyce or water of the infusion of Violets lb ij Insolate them together for a whole week then take out the Violets by a strong expression and new ones put in afterwards boyl it till the water be consumed The COMMENTARY All the Students in Pharmacy with one consent follow the dictates of Mesue their Captain whom they extol with praises and adore with admiration Yet his Laws and Precepts in compounding Medicaments cannot by duration challenge to themselves infallibility for we see many of them improved and many disproved and it is no imprudence to recede from him or any old Author though they merit most of praise when one sees by long use and experience a better and more compendious way And thus we have something detracted from or something added to the composition of some Medicaments or their method changed Thus they dissent in Medicinal Oyls made by infusion and maceration as in this Oyl of Violets to whose confection Mesue commands the Oyl of mature Olives and of Almonds or Sesama to be taken and washed then the flowers to be macerated seven dayes therein insolated and expressed afterwards to be cocted three hours in a double vessel and this to be interated thrice the expressed flowers being always abjected and fresh ones immitted and then to be cocted on a slow fire till the watry humidity be dissipated and then they reposed in a fit vessel Many Apothecaries follow this prescript others will not swear to his words but follow the dictate of their own Reasons and change some things ever and anon for it is easie to adde when a thing is invented or detract something that is superfluous or castigate what is ill disposed But the Oyl of Violets is now made every-where almost after this manner First a certain quantity of sincere common Oyl is assumed verberated and washed in Fountain-water and imposed in a glass or earthen vessel well glazened new Violet flowers are infused therein and so macerated a whole week and if the season permit insolated then they are boyled a little on a slow fire that they may
be expressed afterwards new flowers are immitted as before and expressed which is thrice iterated then the flowers after the last infusion are abjected the Oyl cocted on a flow fire till its aqueous humidity be dissipated and then it is reposed and kept in a fit vessel The Oyl of Violets extinguishes inflammations Vires helps the Pleurisie leniates the asperity of the Artery and Lungs allays hot imposthumes remits all inflammations and mitigates dolours CHAP. 2. Oleum Keirinum or Oyl of Wall-flowers D. Mes â„ž of Wall-flowers â„¥ vij of the best Oyl lb j. ss of the water of the decoction of the flowers â„¥ iij. ss mingle them and after insolation express the flowers adding the same three times over boyl the water away and preserve the Oyl The COMMENTARY The copious Wall-flowers occur next which the Arabians call Keiri out of which Mesue educes Oyl by impression as he doth out of Chamomile and Roses that is by three infusions insolated and expressed with a little of the succe or decoction of the same flowers which after the last maceration he absumes by gentle coction and having expressed and strained the Oyl he reposes it in a fit vessel and keeps it But it is now commonly made by one or two infusions without any commixtion of any succe or decoction the flowers being left a whole month confusedly immerged in the Oyl before colature but this manner is not good for hereby the Oyl is more turbid and its faculties weaker Being duely made it calefies moderately attenuates allays Vires digests mitigates dolours from flatulency cold or pituitous matter it benefits such as are gowty or paralytical and cures the dolours of the nerves and junctures CHAP. 3. Oleum Irinum or Oyl of Orris â„ž of the roots of Orris lb j. the flowers of the same lb ij macerate them in a sufficient quantity of the decoction of the same root adding sweet Oyl or Oyl of the Pulse Sesamum lb v. Boyl them in an idoneous vessel straine out the roots and flowers adding a fresh quantity three times over and the Oyl which is last pressed out keep for future use The COMMENTARY There are many sorts of Orris which we have enumerated in our book of Simples the best whereof is the Celestial Orris next the white or Florentine Oyl is made by infusion out of both but especially the former their roots and flowers being macerated and expressed as is declared some take onely the roots a little brayed and their flowers tunded and coct them with the succe of other roots and then pour Oyl upon them and elixate them again till all the water be absumed and the Oyl thus made is very odorate and efficacious yet it would be more efficacious if this were twice or thrice iterated as of old There is no dissention amongst Authors about the proportion of the flowers to the roots seeing all give twice as much flowers as roots but they agree not about the other roots which must be elixated in the water and about the water it self nor yet about the Oyl wherein it must be infused But leaving for brevities sake the variety of opinions about this matter we say That one pound of roots must be taken and cocted in four or five pounds of water at the most till half be absumed Some adde to this definite weight of roots flowers and water onely two pounds of Oyl others seven pounds and a half and others eight pounds I mix five pounds and coct them all on a slow fire till the watry humidity be dissolved It calefies Vires mollifies tenuates digests resolves concocts penetrates opens ripens takes away the founding in the ears discusses biles and other hard tumours emends the cramp and native foetour and allayes dolours from cold matter CHAP. 4. Oleum Rosatum completum or complete Oyl of Roses D. Mes â„ž of common Oyl washed lb iiij fresh Rose-leaves lb j. ss infusion of Roses lb j. put them into a close vessel well covered insolate them for seven dayes then boyl them in a strong vessel upon a gentle fire for half an hour afterwards let the flowers be expressed new put in and this repeated three times at last what Oyl is pressed out preserve for use The COMMENTARY Mesue calls this the complete Oyl of Roses because it is made of Oyl of mature Olives frequently washed and the leaves of red Roses perfectly explicited insolated a whole week and thrice changed as it is in the description wherein we have given a just definite weight of each out of Mesue who left all to every mans judgment will except the water of the infusion of the Roses which he equalized with the Oyl we believe a third or fourth part will be sufficient for the Oyl for when it is put in more quantity it is not easily resolved by infusion and Oyl by longer coction acquires alien calour and loses much of its native suavity The other three descriptions given by Mesue we omit The ablution of Oyl is multifarious for it is either put in some pot or fit vessel with some water and long verberated so that it may be easily separated when the water is setled or in a glass vial whose bottom is perforated where it is long agitated having both its orifice and inferiour foramen occluded then let it stand an hour and the inferiour foramen being opened the water that did subside will flow out the same being shut the Oyl will remain in the vial whereunto sometimes more water is affunded But we have abundantly disserted about the preparation of Medicaments in our Institutions The Oyl of complete Roses extinguishes inflammations roborates Vires cocts densates tempers the hot ventricle and recreates it allayes the ardour of the reins cures head-ach from a hot cause stayes fluxions and cohibits the force of humours CHAP. 5. Oleum Rosatum Omphacinum vulgo dicitur incompletum or the Oyl of incomplete Roses â„ž of the washed Oyl of unripe Olives lb iiij of Rose-buds lb j. mingle them in a fit vessel and insolate them for seven dayes repeat the same three times over and make thereof an Oyl The COMMENTARY This is called incomplete Oyl because it is made of Roses not completely expanded and of Oyl expressed from immature Olives which is called Omotribes crude green and Omphacian-Oyl which is extracted solely for Medicinal uses in whose want we substitute common Oyl washed in Omphacium that it may acquire acidity and a refrigerative faculty The Roses must be red new and not perfectly explicated which must be purged from their white parts brayed in a stone-morter with a wooden-pestel macerated in Oyl insolated a whole week and then expressed these Roses being abjected other fresh ones must be immitted insolated and expressed and the Oyl extracted kept for use This Oyl refrigerates and roborates much Vires and therefore helps such diseases as proceed from a hot cause extinguishes St. Anthonies fire allayes ardours cohibits the
power or imbecility of the Medicament these Oyls will be most efficacious if confected after this description Oyl of Chamomile calefies and resolves moderately allayes dolours sprung from a cold cause and roborates the nerves The Oyl of Anethum resolves calefies discusses flatulency roborates the Nerves takes away laffitude mitigates the dolours of the articles relaxates the spiracles of the veins and helps in convulsive fits The Oyl of Rue is and ought to be made after the same manner Indeed Nic. Alexandrinus describes a more composititious one which besides the tund leaves of Rue admits of sweet Marjoram and Cumin But it is seldome made for keeping for that which Mesue gives will potently enough effect what this pollicitates It calefies attenuates digests allayes the dolours of the Uterus proceeding from a cold cause discusses flatulency and is according to Actuarius accommodate to all dolours in all parts that require calefaction The Oyl of sweet Marjoram is either simple which Mesue confects of its leaves and succe or of its decoction and Oyl or else more compound which besides these admits of Myrtle-leaves of wilde Betony Southernwood Water-Mint and ligneous Cassia but this is scarce ever made the former seldome save to the confection of Melilote and according to Mesue the former is made like Oyl of Myrtle this like Oyl of Melons or of Quinces that is the leaves and succe of sweet Marjoram are confusedly macerated insolated expressed and thrice changed in Oyl What Sampsuchus is and if it differs from Marjoram we have shewed in our Book of Simples It calefies and roborates the head and all kinde of Nerves Oyl of Jasmin should by the decree of all Medicks be kept in Pharmacopolies for it hath most efficacious faculties both in allaying dolours from a cold cause and in digesting and resolving But it is most commendable for Belly-aches which much molest children it must be confected as the complete Oyl of Roses or of VVall-flowers are made CHAP. 12. Oleum Hypericonis simplex or The simple Oyl of S. Johns-wort ℞ of the tops of S. Johns-wort not altogether ripe lb j. common Oyl lb ij of the decoction of the flowers and leaves of the same lb ss mingle them and insolate them for a whole week then boyl them and afterwards express them and repeat this three times Oleum Hyperici magis composit or The more compound Oyl of S. Johns-wort D. Jac. de Manl. ℞ of the tops of S. Johns-wortʒ iij. infuse them for two or three dayes in ℥ x. of Wine then boyl them to ℥ iij. which press out adding a few more which macerate boyl and strain to which adde Oyl ℥ vj. Turpentine ℥ iij. Saffron ℈ j. boyl them till the wine be consumed then press out the Ingredients keep the Oyl The COMMENTARY There are three sorts of Oyls made of S. Johns-wort the most simple and usual is made of its leaves and flowers with Oyl the more compound admits of Turpentine VVine and Saffron besides these The third and most compound admits of other Oyls Lachrymae Succes Roots Leaves and Earth-worms The first is kept in Apothecaries shops the second in Chirurgions taberns and the third sometimes in one sometimes in another as the Medicks design The more simple Oyl is better if it be made of the flowers alone macerated thrice in Oyl insolated and expressed Some take the Summities onely of the flowers with its little leaves and grains to the confection of this Oyl which way soever it be made it is very red and as it were bloody of a kinde of middle consistence betwixt an Oyl and an Unguent It roborates the Nerves very much deleates red spots digests and resolves humours mitigates dolours and recreates the junctures That which Manlius describes seems rather to be some Balsam or Unguent for agglutinating wounds then an Oyl yet being eximious we will not omit it If the wine first affunded be exhaled by the first ebullition more must be affunded that it may be dissipated by the last It calefies and siccates conduces very much to pricks or wounds in the Nerves it cures burnings helps him that hath the Sciatica and is successfully usurped in all dolours contracted by cold The Cyprian or Lygustrian Oyl which the Arabians call Oyl of Alcanna is made like that of Rue but it is seldom kept nor yet the Oyl of Enula of Melilote of Carthamus Citrian Santal and many more which Authors describe rather out of ostentation then necessity CHAP. 13. Oleum de Pomis Mandragorae or Oyl of Mandrake-Apples ℞ of the Juyce of ripe Mandrake-Apples Oyl of Jasmin or common Oyl of each equal parts boyl them till the Juyce be evaporated afterwards adde again as much succe which evaporate as before and this repeat three times The COMMENTARY There are two descriptions of this Oyl one tradited by Mesue which we here exhibit as being easier and safer another by Praepositus which is too stupefactive and narcotical for it admits not onely of the succe of Mandrake but also of Henbane Poppy and Hemlock with Opium also And seeing benign Narcoticks unless they be duely prepared and rightly exhibited consopite the senses extinguish innate heat we need not congest so many Medicaments of contrary qualities into one Moreover we do not in the use of Narcotical Medicaments so much desire the stupefaction of the senses as the mitigation of the inflammation and dolour If you have not Apples enough in this confection you may help out the quantity with the succe of the roots thereof for no substitute is so affine to any part of Mandrake as another part of the same The preparation is apparent enough by the description It extinguishes all inflammations allayes dolours Vires stupefies the senses helps the head-ach and phrensie and by way of liniment moderates the ardour of the reins CHAP. 14. Oleum Myrtinum or Oyl of Myrtles D. Mes ℞ of the leaves of green Myrtle ℥ v. Oyl of unripe Olives lb j. mingle them and insolate them eight dayes boyl them in a bath take out the leaves and let fresh be immerged and that three times reiterated the Oyl expressed preserve Oleum Myrtillorum or Oyl of Myrtle-berries ℞ of Myrtle-berries lb j. Oyl of unripe Olives lb ij ss of the water of the decoction of the leaves and berries ℥ vij macerate and boyl them till the absumption of the water then eject the berries and fresh ones added which must be macerated and boyled till they grow soft which must be repeated three times if the efficacy of the Oyl requires it The COMMENTARY That is called Oyl of Myrtles which is made of Myrtle leaves macerated and expressed that of Myrtles which is made of Myrtle-berries both are usual and eximious But for want of berries the other is more frequently kept in shops He that hath onely dry berries and would make Oyl thereof must immerge them in odorate wine till they be swelled then mix them with Oyl and coct and express them
and repose the expression for use They sometimes make the Oyl of Myrtles only of the succe of their leaves and Oyl with a little Ladanum but the way we have described is more usual and better Botn of them refrigerate Vires condense astringe roborate the brain nerves and ventricle retain hairs stay them from falling off cure the gummes and teeth-ach confirm loose members and emend biles or lumps erumping by way of liniment CHAP. 15. Oleum Cydoniorum or Oyl of Quinces D. Mes ℞ of the Medulla or flesh of Quinces and of the Juyce of the same of each lb ss Oyl of unripe Olives lb j. and ℥ iij. let them be insolated in a glass for fifteen dayes afterwards boyled to the consumption of the Juyce and after the Oyl is expressed adde thereunto fresh Quinces and let this be repeated three or four times keeping the last expression The COMMENTARY This Oyl which the Greeks call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is made in Autumn when the Quinces have attained their perfect magnitude before maturity They must be plucked not depelled purged from their Down then rasped or deraded with an instrument exasperated with some segments afterwards an equal weight of their succe and flesh not brayed but deraded and not expressed must be taken confusedly mixed with the Oyl thrice insolated cocted and expressed as in the prescript Sylvius saith that the succe of Quinces will so crack and move while it is cocted in Oyl as that it will excuss all the Oyl out of the vessel therefore saith he this Oyl should be cocted in a double vessel lest by this impression on the Oyl the Quinces faculties evade more imbecile It refrigerates Vires astringes roborates the retentive faculty of the ventricle and intestines helps concoction stayes vomiting and thence conduces to the disease of Choler Lientery and Dysentery confirming and roborating each loose and imbecile part CHAP. 16. Myrelaeum seu Oleum Pigmentatum or Oyl of the Oak of Jerusalem ℞ the tops of the Oak of Jerusalem or of the herb so called m. iij. the berries or seed of the same ℥ viij white-wine lb ss good Oyl lb j. ss mingle them and insolate them for seven dayes afterwards put them in a bath till the wine be evaporated and the expressed Oyl keep The COMMENTARY This Oyl should be made about the beginning of Autumn we call it Myreol or Unguent of Pigment because both the Plants whereof it consists are called by the French Pigmentum as if they should say Pigment and by some Ambrosia for by the fragrance of its halite it exhilarates and by its aromatical lentour inviscates the fingers of the contrectants When Don Claudius Gonerius a man of much learning and integrity of whom we have oft made mention in our Books of Medicinal Matter had accurately sought into the nature of these Plants whose diligence in finding the varieties and faculties of Simples hath been very great He was moved that Medicks should not celebrate and usurp such eximious Plants which Nature it self had designed excellent by their odour sapour and pinguetude But it may be these Plants are contemptible because of their frequency the herb indeed grows most commonly in cultivated Gardens but the shrub fruticates spontaneously in all places about Paris much whereof in the beginning of September is brought into the City and bought by women to conciliate fragrance and suavity to their vestments When I had long explored their faculties and found them efficacious I made this Oyl of them which responds in faculties to many Balsams for it conduces much to the Palsey Vires trembling and imbecility of the Nerves it cures the cold dolours of the articles digests watry humours takes away dolours sprung from phlegm cocts and resolves crude tumours roborates the Brain and Nerves and with a little Turpentine draws dysepulotical Ulcers to sanity SECT II. Of such Oyls as may be confected at any time IN the former Section of this Book we have comprehended all Oyls more usual and necessary for Pharmacopolists which should be made in the Spring Summer or Autumn by infusion those seasons suppeditating fresh and eximious Medicaments in great plenty Now it rests that we describe such as Art may elicite at any time CHAP. 1. Oleum Mastichinum or Oyl of Mastick D. Mes ℞ Mastick ℥ iij. Oyl of Roses ℥ xij generous Wine ℥ iiij boyl them till the consumption of the wine then strain it and let the Oyl be reposed in a pot for use The COMMENTARY Mesue gives two descriptions of the Oyl of Mastick one consisting of the Oyl of Sesamum and Mastick the other of Wine Mastick and the Oyl of Roses which is frequently used Praepositus propounds a third which all reject Myrepsus besides the former gives two other scarce at all used This description then that we give out of Avicenna and Mesue is solely admitted for whose confection the Mastick must be tunded pretty crassly then cocted and agitated in a double vessel together with Oyl of Roses and red VVine till the VVine be exhaled It roborates the brain Vires nerves ventricle liver and articles it mollifies hard tumours and allayes dolours CHAP. 2. Oleum Nardinum simplex or Simple Oyl of Spikenard D. Mes ℞ Spikenard ℥ iij. Wine and Water of each ℥ ij ss Oyl of the Pulse Sesamum lb j. ss boyl them upon a gentle fire till the water be consumed stirring of them lest they burn The COMMENTARY Mesue is too much occupied in varying the same Oyl for he gives four sorts of the Oyl of Roses three of Spikenard amongst which those onely that are first described are usurped the rest seldome or never as other two which Myrepsus gives so sumptuous that they rather seem Balsams or Unguents then Oyls For the confection of this simple Oyl of Spikenard in defect of Oyl of Sesamum sweet Oyl may be substituted without much errour for Mesue sometimes prescribes that of Sesamum or sweet Oyl at pleasure The Spikenard must be minutely cut and macerated three or four hours in a glass or fictile pot in Wine Water and Oyl then all cocted till the water and wine be dissipated Some macerate it onely in water and wine for a whole day but so its faculties are worsted they had better infuse it for a short space in Oyl water and wine calefied a little upon the ashes Now half a pound of Oyl seeming too little for three ounces of Spikenard much whereof is very light the Roman Medicks have added to it a pound more so that it is lb j. ss This Oyl is called Benedict for its eximious vertues it calefies Vires attenuates digests and astringes moderately and thence conduces much to all cold flatulent affections of the Brain Ventricle Liver Spleen and Uterus and emends the odour and colour of the body CHAP. 3. Oleum Croci or Oyl of Saffron D. Mes ℞ of Saffron Calamus Aromaticus of each ℥ j. Myrrhe ℥
ss macerate them five dayes in Vinegar Cordumeni i. Carui in ejus loco Cardamomi then infuse for a whole day Cardamomes Ê’ ix afterwards boyl them upon a gentle fire till the Vinegar be consumed with lb j. ss of the best Oyl let the Colature be put in a fit vessel The COMMENTARY There is scarce a disease more frequent then the Neapolitan or a Medicament more usual to it then the Emplaister of Frogs described by Jo. Vigonius for there is not an Oppidane Barber so stupid but he hath made both tryal and gain of this Medicament to whose confection Oyl of Saffron acceding it should be kept in Pharmacopolies otherwise the Medicament will be ill confected yet I think Mesue invented it not for that end for it is credible he never heard of the Venereous Pox else he would not have been silent in that point but he made it to roborate the Uterus and Nerves allay their dolours mollifie and discuss hardness and conciliate colour What Cordumeni is we have shewed in our Book of Simples CHAP. 4. Oleum de Capparibus or Oyl of Capers â„ž of the bark of the roots of CapersÊ’ j. the middle bark of Tamarisk Tamarisk-leaves the seeds of white Willow Spleen-wort Cypress-root of eachÊ’ ij RueÊ’ j. Vinegar generous White-wine of each â„¥ ij mature Oyl lb j. boyl them till the Vinegar and the Wine be consumed and let percolated Oyl be reposed idoneously for future use The COMMENTARY The invention of this Oyl is attributed to the Neotericks for none of the Ancients that I know of speak of it It s Author is uncertain but whoever he was he described this Oyl which is eximiously Medicinal both legitimately and methodically Which is therefore alwayes almost made after the description we have exhibited save by Brassavolus who studying novelties changed it who I think is one of them that had rather be seen then estimated But that it may be duly confected the roots of Cypress must first be minutely incided then brayed with the barks of Capers and Tamarisks the other simples also as Tamarisks Scolopendrium or Ceterach and Rue must be tunded together only the seed of Agnus Castus apart then all must be mixed together macerated fifteen dayes in Wine Vinegar and Oyl then cocted in a double vessel till the wine and vinegar be dissipated and then the Oyl strained and kept It much helps the affections of the Spleen Vires for it cures its hardness swelling obstructions and dolours it opens the spiracles and pores of the skin resolves humours and discusses flatulency CHAP. 5. Oleum ex Euphorbio or Oyl of Euphorbium D. Mes â„ž Euphorbium â„¥ ss Oyl of Wall-flowers odoriferous Wine of each â„¥ v. boyl them together till the consumption of the wine The COMMENTARY As water may by Art be made more cold or more hot so may Oyl according to Galen which may be made very refrigerative if Sedum or Sempervive be macerated therein refrigerative and stupefactive if Mandrake and hot if Pepper or Euphorbium be macerated in it From all which legitimately adhibited Oyls may be by impression elicited most accommodate for Medicinal uses for though Euphorbium be exceeding hot and sharp yet Galen commends it for many uses as mixed with wax for the affections of the Hips melted with Oyl to the Hemicrany from a cold cause from the lection whereof Mesue being made more learned and bold brought this Oyl which he invented amongst those other he describes adding another out of Avicenna whereunto he adjects some few things but that is of no use obselete but for the confection of the former white and new Euphorbium should be selected in defect whereof by Galens advice twice as much old must be usurped it must be levigated into small powder and a little wine or Oyl of Keyri superfused lest it should offend the nose and brain of the tunder when it is brayed it must be mixed with Oyl of wine and moved alwayes with a rudicle then cocted slowly till all the wine be exhaled and then the distrained Oyl must be reposed It much helps the cold affections of the brain and nerves Vires the Cephalalgie Hemicrany and Lethargie being immitted up the nostrils it also helps the cold dolours of the junctures liver and spleen CHAP. 6. Oleum Moschellinum or A sweet smelling Oyl â„ž of Nutmegs num ij MoschÊ’ ss Indian leaf Spikenard Costus Mastick of eachÊ’ vj. Storax * Xylo-Cassia Cassia-Lignea Myrrhe Saffron Cloves Cubebs Bdellium of each Ê’ ij pure Oyl lb iij. generous Wine â„¥ iij. let them be bruised that are to be bruised and mingled together boyling of them till the Wine be consumed let the strained Oyl be preserved for use The COMMENTARY Most dissent about the Author Description Name of this Oyl and the dosis of its simples for all that have spoken of it either adding or detracting something have obscured its origine and changed its antique description which Joubertus finding shamefully depraved castigated and reduced to a better form which here we have exhibited under the name of Musk-Oyl for it having two bases both eximious and yet affine in faculty it may be denominated from either for whether we call it Muscellinum from Musk or Moscatellinum from Nutmeg it may legitimately bear the name But it is foolishly by some called Oyl of Balanus which is an odorate simple as though it were elicited out of the brayed Unguentary Acorn That it may be duly made all its ingredients must be brayed apart and put together into Oyl and VVine to be there macerated in an obturated vessel upon hot ashes for a day or two except Storax and Musk then they must be all cocted in a double vessel till the wine be evaperated then the Oyl must be percolated and the pulverated Storax added to the hot colature which must be again servefied on a slow fire and at length the Musk added and the mixture kept Some adde Ê’ ij of Musk others Ê’ iij. which if it please rich men let them take it but poor men may not compass it Alexandrinus assumes Oleum Pumicum which some interpret pure Oyl others Carthaginean Oyl we with Joubertus take sweet and sincere Oyl for water wine for Neregil that is the Indian Nut Nutmegs for Costum if it may not be had Angelica's root for Xylo-Cassia crass Cinamon for Carpobalsamum Cubebs or the seed of Lentisks or Turpentine-tree the rest are frequent It is good for all corporal frigidity Vires especially for the cold of the ventricle which it roborates it calefies and helps concoction it cures Strangury Cholick and almost all nervous affections SECT III. Of such Oyls as are confected of whole Animals or of their parts MEdicinary Oyls are neither all nor alwayes elicited out of Plants but confected of whole or parts of Animals by infusion or expression for seeing all living Creatures were made for Mans use some he hath for Meat others for Clothing some for Service and
lb iiij of Oyl Sage Rosemary of each m. j. boyl them together till the water be consumed then let the Oyl be strained and kept The COMMENTARY It is not enough that we select the best simples but also rightly prepare rationally describe duly mix and exactly unite them into compounds that no useful part thereof be lost But how ill doth the old description of Foxes Oyl accord with these Laws let its form speak for Mesue commands that a Fox should be exenterated and then cocted integrally both body skin hairs feet and all in Fountain and Sea-water Oyl and Salt till the members be dissolved and a little Hyssop and Anise injected into the coction and some more water affunded whereas there was a pound of each sort before And thus you should have a pot of hairs bones flesh and plants cocted to putretude whose expressed pinguetude is Mesue's Foxes Oyl Paulus would have a Fox exenterated and yet cocted alive till his bones were separated but I cannot conjecture how an eviscerated Fox should be cocted alive Rondeletius would have one boyled with his skin and guts and only the excrements of the belly abjected but it is past my skill to eject the recrements and leave the intestines in the carcase His Colleague Joubertus would rather have the skin abjected then the bowels who would have the intrail washed and elixated with the flesh We reject both skin tayl and intrails as useless afterwards we cut the members and trunk and coct them in wine and falt with nerval and digestive herbs We adde to the colature Oyl Sage and Rosemary and so coct it again till the aqueous and vinous humidity be dissipated The Oyl thus made is very eximious Vires and most efficacious in what Mesue promises for it potently digests and resolves roborates the nerves defends them from cold injuries and cures the difeases of the articles CHAP. 5. Oleum Formicarum or Ants Oyl â„ž of Ants with wings â„¥ ij mature Oyl lb ss macerate them for the space of forty dayes in a vessel well covered exposing it to the heat of the Sun afterwards let the Oyl be expressed and kept The COMMENTARY This Oyl is seldome made being onely expetible for calefying the colder genitals and exciting venery yet in that it may be confected with ease and small cost and desired by such as are of a cold constitution I would not have our Shop quite destitute of it SECT IV. Of Oyls educed by Expression THere are four kindes of Oyls the first absolutely and properly so called which is educed from mature Olives the second not so properly so called which consists of the said Oyl wherein some parts of Animals have been infused and insolated or cocted the third is cognominated from the adjunct whereof it is made as Oyl of Almonds the Oyl of Laurel-berries the fourth is proper to Alchymists which is elicited by ascent The extraction of the first being sufficiently notorious but withall operous is committed to Rusticks of the second we have treated at large in the former Sections It now remains that we treat of the rest and first of such as are extracted from oleaginous seeds brayed and expressed and first of the Oyl of sweet Almonds CHAP. 1. Oleum Amygdalarum dulcium or The Oyl of sweet Almonds â„ž of sweet Almonds dry not rancid blanched from their cortex as many as you please beat them in a stone-Morter very small involve them in a bag and with a press extract the Oyl The COMMENTARY Almonds are either sweet or bitter Oyl is expressed out of both sometimes brayed and expressed with sometimes without their membranous Pill sometimes with and sometimes without the adjument of fire or external heat That which is elicited without fire is best The Pharmacopolists therefore are to blame that had rather be idle then occupied in preparing Simples duly Whence it is no wonder that the diseased complain of the rancour acrimony and insuavity of the Oyl of Almonds Now that it may be rightly confected the Almonds to be assumed must be new and dry purged from both their skins that the Oyl may be more sincere and pure they must be long tunded in a stone-Morter that their oleous internal humidity may come out they must be put in a bag of Horse-hair and then excepted in a Torcular or common Press such as Stationers use when they cut their Books that are bound It should be expressed by little and little that it may be more pure pellucid and sweet for that which is hastily extracted is turbid and foeculent It will flow more readily if the Almonds before expression be calefied by the fire or Sun for so its oleaginous humidity is attenuated melted and made more fluxile it erupts more easily readily and copiously yea by so much more readily by how much the Almonds are hotter if they be not burnt but that which should be introsumed at the mouth should be elicited without fire Almonds are purged two wayes First they must be macerated long in warm water and then compressed with ones fingers that the cortex may cleft Secondly they may be put in some Frying-pan with a small quantity of flower and agitated with ones hand over a slow fire till the Involucrum disrupt which will afterwards come easily off by rubbing which second way is better then the first for macerated Almonds unless they be well dryed before their triture will effund aqueous Oyl One pound of Almonds will emit six ounces of Oyl and a brayed Magma irrigated with water and calefied upon the ashes till the water be dissipated and then pressed will emit as much but this will be more foeculent and fit onely for Liniments Unguents and External Medicaments Oyl of Almonds is commended to many uses Vires for it conduces to the tabid and consumed refecting the macilent body with humid viscid fat and aereous aliment it leniates the asperity of the throat of the lungs and other parts if injected it allayes the heat of the Uterus and of the Bladder if it be applied as an Unguent is perduces rough places to equality erugates the skin mollifies hard lumps and emends the siccity of all the Junctures and other parts CHAP. 2. Oleum Amagdalarum amarum or The Oyl of bitter Almonds THe Oyl of bitter Almonds is educed also by expression though Alexandrinus makes it by infusion for he macerates two pounds of purged brayed Almonds three dayes in five pounds of Oyl and afterwards cocts them to the half and expresseth the Oyl But neither the Oyl nor the manner of its confection is good For Alexandrinus erres in thinking that Oyl can be cocted to the half for it will rather burn then dissipate like water Besides the Oyl thus drawn by infusion is not half of it Oyl of Almonds it is not so ingrateful nor yet so eximious as by expression It is therefore better to draw pure and sincere bitter Oyl out of bitter Almonds by triture and expression which Oyl is
we shall describe the most approved and usual Unguents in the second Cerecloths Now Unguents are either made with fire as those that admit Wax Rosines and decoctions of Simples or without fire as such as need onely nutrition and subaction as the crude Unguent and the Unguent of Quicksilver of which we shall in particular treat in this Book beginning with the Refrigerative The first whereof that occurs is the Unguent of Roses CHAP. 1. Unguentum Rosatum or The Unguent of Roses D. Mes â„ž Hogs-suet nine times washed in hot and cold water fresh red Roses of each lb iij. mingle them and let them be macerated seven days afterwards boyl them upon a gentle fire and let them be strained afterwards fresh Roses put in macerated boyled and strained as before afterwards pour upon it of the Juyce of red Roses lb j. ss Oyl of sweet Almonds lb ss boyl them upon a gentle fire till the Juyce be consumed and if in boyling you adde a little Opium it will be excellent to procure sleep The COMMENTARY That this Unguent may be duly confected the Hogs-grease should be accurately purged from its membranes nine times washed in warm water and nine times in cold that it may depose all its odour for so it will be more apt to receive any odour and easily admit of the fragrance of Roses Now the maceration of the Roses should be iterated that they may be more efficacious half as much of their succe and the sixth part of as much of the Oyl of Almonds as there is of grease should ingrede the colature according to Mesue But to three pounds of Hogs-grease we put a pound and an half of the succe of Roses and half a pound of the Oyl of Almonds Some in stead of the Oyl of Almonds put the Oyl of Roses or Omphacinum but then the Unguent will not open the pores of the skin nor permeate so quickly It may be made without any Oyl seeing it is liquid enough of it self and thus almost all Myropolists make it But it is better to have it too liquid with the Oyl of Almonds then too crass without it And as it is against the Rules of Art that all the quantity of Oyl which Mesue prescribes should be taken sois it contrary to right Reason that all should be refused Some to acquire a greater redness and more elegant colour whereof Aromataries are most studious mix Alcanet-root with the coction but it were much better to mutuate that colour from Roses then other irrequisite simples Mesue would have Opium diluted in Rose-water accede its confection that it might withall conciliate sleep to the interruptly vigilant whereunto I willingly assent and wish that Apothecaries would confect if not all yet part of this Unguent with Opium It extinguishes immoderate heat inflammations pimples and S. Anthonies fires it allayes the dolours of the head from a hot cause it mitigates the ardour of the Ventricle Reins and Liver that which admits Opium effects all these more validly and besides conciliating of sleep cures Phrensie and refects strength Unguents of Violets Water-Lillies and other flowers of all qualities may be confected after the same manner CHAP. 2. Unguentum Album Rhasis or Rhasis his white Unguent â„ž Oyl of Roses â„¥ ix Ceruse washed in Rose-water â„¥ iij. white Wax â„¥ ij make it into an Unguent The COMMENTARY This Unguent consists of few things and is described alike by few Authors VVe conjecture that the variety of its descriptions arises from this That Rhasis its author gave not the dosis of the simples definitely and therefore every one augments diminishes and changes them at his own will Some rather desiring the grace of odour themvertue adject Camphyr others the succe of Tragacanthum some Lithargie others the whites of Egges so that its description is nowhere certain but at Paris where all the Apothecaries make it after this who so rub the Ceruse on the setaceous sieve that it will go thorow then they wash it often in common water afterwards in Rose-water then they dry it and after siccation rub it to powder which they mix with wax melted in the Oyl of Roses and by agitation with a Spatle reduce it into an Unguent of a white colour and legitimate consistence which is indued with much vertue for it cures the Itch Scab Adustion Galling Vires Ulcers the eruption of Pimples Tetters the hot distemper of Ulcers and many other cutaneous vices CHAP. 3. Unguentum Populeon or The Unguent of Poplar D.N.Myr. â„ž of the buds of the black Poplar-tree lb j. ss of the leaves of black Poppy Mandrake the tender tops of Bramble Henbane Nightshade Lettice small Stonecrop the greater and lesser House-leek Violet-leaves * Cotyledon Kidney-wort of each â„¥ iij. fresh Hogs-suet lb iij. make it into an Unguent according to Art The COMMENTARY Salernitanus borrowed this description of Myrepsus and Praepositus of Salernitanus but neither of them gave due honour to its Author both covering his Name Now it is called the Populean Unguent from its Basis the tender eyes or buds of the black Poplar which erupt out of its summities in the beginning of the Spring and are collected in March before they be perfectly explicated whereunto many Refrigeratory and Hypnotical Medicaments are adjoyned as the leaves of Mandrake Poppy Henbane Lettice and Nightshade and of both the House-leeks and Stone-crop but that Vermicular should be selected which bears white flowers and affects not the tongue with any acrimony The leaves also of Kidney-wort which perite Herbalists call sometimes Cymbal sometimes Coral and sometimes Venus her Navel must be added hereunto and it is thus made The fresh buds of the Poplar must be contunded and mixed with the grease purged from its membranes and put into a figuline vessel well operculated and reposed in moderate heat till May or June or till the other expetible Plants may be had which must then be collected purged brayed in a Morter and concorporated with the former fermentated mixture which must then again be reposed in a warmer place for a week or longer then put in a Caldron with one pound of Wine or Vinegar which many think more convenient but wine in so small a quantity will not harm the Refrigeratives whereas some would adde Burre-dock which is hotter some take Nightshades succe to it that the colour may be greener It conciliates sleep Vires helps such as labour under hot Fevers or Head-aches from hot causes if their foreheads and temples their feetplants or hands-palms be anointed therewith CHAP. 4. Ungaentum Natritum seu crudum or The crude or Triapharmacal Unguent of Lithargie D. Mes â„ž of Oyl of Roses lb j. Litharge finely beaten lb ss Vinegar â„¥ iiij beat these together in a Morter till they acquire the consistency of an Unguent The COMMENTARY This is one of those Unguents which are depraved by each Artist because of the indefinite dosis of the simples whereof it consists for Mesue
succes extracted first in common or as some say is better in Rose-water must be mixed with them and all moved with a stick till they acquire a due spissitude This Unguent leniates the dolours of the Breast cocts the humours that cause coughing moves spittle helps the pleurisie resolves the useless and noxious humours that adhere to the Muscles of the Breast and relaxates leniates and mollifies the parts CHAP. 13. Unguentum de Althea or The Oyntment of Marshmallows D. Myreps â„ž of Marshmallow-roots Linseed and Foenugreek of each lb ss Squills â„¥ iij. let them be washed and macerated for three dayes in lb v. of water then boyl them till they grow thick to a pound of this musilidge adde lb ij of Oyl boyl them till the musilidge be dissipated then adde Wax lb ss clarified Rosine common Rosine of each â„¥ iij. Turpentine Gum-Thraganth Gum of Ivy of eachÊ’ j. Let all these be melted in a Kettle stirred and so removed from the fire till it grows cold and becomes into the consistence of an Unguent The COMMENTARY Fernelius gives a far more simple description of this Unguent omitting Squills Scammony Galbanum and Ivy Gum because they make the Unguent too sordid and lest these should impair its digestive faculty by their absence he addes some simples to make it efficacious Yet I think these so necessarily requisite that he that expunges them expunges much of the odour and vertue of the Medicament If Ivy Gum cannot be had its succe may be substituted The quantity of water which was three pounds being too little to elicite and coct the succes in is augmented to five pounds The rest are easie the manner of its confection and the description plain It calefies Vires mollifies mitigates humectates and digests thence it removes the cold distemper and cures the hardness of the nerves it emends too much siccity and cures the Pleurisie and other affections arising from crude humours adhering to the Muscles CHAP. 14. Tetrapharmacum or The lesser Basilicon D. Mes â„ž yellow Wax Rosine black Pitch of each â„¥ ij ss sweet Oyl lb j. make it into an Unguent according to Art Basilicum majus or The greater Basilicon â„ž Wax clarified Rosine Heifers-suet Ship-Pitch Frankincense Myrrhe of each â„¥ j. Oyl lb j. make it into an Unguent The COMMENTARY This Medicament is from its prepollent faculty in cocting and suppurating humours called the Basilical or Regal Unguent which when it consists onely of four Simples is called Tetrapharmacum or lesser Basilicum when of more the greater Basilicum both of them are Diapyetical or suppurative but the simple one is more imbecile and less calid then the more composititious wherefore being temperate it is more idoneous for cocting and suppurating humours For the temperate Medicament is truly pepastical and maturative having more cognation with our native calour whence Galen saith It rather acts by quantity then quality whereas Resolvatives being more valid work more by quality then by quantity not absuming superfluous humours Seeing then that this Tetrapharmacum is as it were symmetral it must needs be the best suppuratory and by cocting humours rightly convert them into slimy matter just as the temperate palm of a mans hand moved long on any part abounding with prave humours Rosine and black Pitch which hath not yet been used in pitching ships must be melted with Oyl and when cold agitated with a Pestel into the consistence of an Unguent The Tetrapharmacal or Basilical Unguent mitigates dolours Vires cocts noxious humours impacted on the part allay their acrimony and fill Ulcers with flesh CHAP. 15. Mundificatum expertum or The expert Mundificative â„ž of Wormwood the lesser Centaury Egrimony Speedwel Clary Plantain of each m.j. macerate them in lb xij of water and boyl them upon a gentle fire and in lb ss of the colature dissolve common Honey lb ss boyl them again till the water be almost consumed to which adde Oyl of Roses lb j. wax melted in the same â„¥ iij. powder of burnt CrabsÊ’ iij. flower of Lupines and powder of Gentian of eachÊ’ ij Myrrhe Aloes of eachÊ’ j. ss Orris Verdigrease of each â„¥ j. make these into an Unguent according to Art The COMMENTARY Seeing vulgar Dispensatories afford no eximious Mundificative responsible to Chirurgeons mindes in deterging Ulcers we have for their sakes concinnated this rhyptical or extersive Medicament indued with such faculties as Galen requires Reason calls for and Use approves of to that end For seeing such a Medicament should by the tenuity of its substance and its exsiccative faculty exterge the Ulcer and separate the filth from the part whereunto it is adhibited one that is emplastical and viscid aggesting and cohibiting the excrements and filth within the Ulcer is much distant from such But the vulgar Mundificatives being for the most part made of Sarcocolla Frankincense and Mastick and sometimes of Rosine Comfrey and House-leek are so farre from cleansing Ulcers that they much defile them Let then this our rhyptical Unguent which will effect what it pollicitates be kept in shops and the rest ejected It receives burnt River-crabfishes which are eximious in exterging and exsiccating The River-crabfishes should be selected but in defect thereof Sea-crabs may be assumed They must be burned on a red-hot Platter till they may be easily levigated their powder must be mixed with the powders of the other simples brayed apart then must all be incorporated agitated and united into an Unguent of just crassitude It absumes the watry Vires separates the crasser and exterges all humours from the Ulcer yet such as are conspurcated with crasser corruption and cadaverous flesh require a more valid and catharetical Detersive However this by a peculiar and eximious faculty cures wounds inflicted by mad Dogs extinguishes their virulency by a specifical propriety and exterging siccating and absuming their infected humours CHAP. 16. Unguentum Aureum or The golden Unguent D. Mes â„ž of Oyl lb ij yellow Wax lb ss clear Turpentine â„¥ ij Rosine clarified Rosine of each â„¥ j. ss Olibanum Mastick of each â„¥ j. SaffronÊ’ j. make it into an Unguent according to Art The COMMENTARY This Unguent is called Aureous from its colour and Regal from its vertue for it is flave as Gold and so eximious as it is fit for a Prince it is scarce ever exhibited without success and yet so easie to make that the youngest Apprentice cannot erre therein They act perperously who for Parsimonies sake abstract Saffron and Mastick from it for so they rob it of its aureous colour and regal vertue If rightly made it agglutinates wounds with sanity fills hollow and cleansed Ulcers with flesh mitigates dolour if there be any and quickly perduces them to scars The Fusk Unguent which is made of a pound and an half of Oyl four ounces of new wax black Pitch and Sagapene of each two ounces Mastick Galbanum Frankincense and Turpentine of each one ounce is indued with the same or like
prave and plumbeous colours black and turgid veins towards their Spleens inflation of feet and lying on the left side is grievous to them This Unguent adhibited to the regions of their Spleens after general Praesidies will much profit for it is malactical or mollitive resolvative apertive roborative and splenetical whence it hath that name It should not therefore be omitted but seeing its use is salubrious should be kept in Pharmacopolies For its preparation let the Oyls and Butter boyl on a slow fire with the succes till the succes be dissipated then mix dissolved Ammoniack with them then the Powders afterwards the Wax and make an Unguent whereunto adde some Oyl of Spike which by its tenuity will cause better permeation for the rest and emend the Unguents odour CHAP. 27. Unguentum Neapolitanum or The Neapolitan Unguent ℞ of Hogs-suet washed in the Juyce of Sage lb j. Quicksilver killed ℥ iiij Oyl of Bayes Chamomile and Worms of each ℥ ij of Spike ℥ j. ss Aqua-vitae ℥ j. yellow Wax ℥ ij Turpentine washed in the Juyce of Enula-campane ℥ iij. Powder of Ground-pine and Sage of each ℈ ij mingle them The COMMENTARY I wish that Medicks would speak of the venereous disease and its cure without injury to any Nation For many ignorant of its original cause and nature referre it to such from whom they received it whether justly or injustly Hence some call it the Spanish others the Italian and others the French disease But the French being men that will not put up an injury hearing the disease imposed on them which they had rightly called the Indian or Venereous Pox they called both the disease and its remedy Italian because the Italians had wronged them first and sometimes the Indian for the Spaniards brought it first out of India into Italy whence the French taking Neapolis brought home this Neapolitan fruit But to my purpose This Indian Unguent may serve in stead of very many of that name which are unduly confected of Swines-fat and Quicksilver and sometimes a few simples unduly united and kept in many Pharmacopolies whereby the diseased in stead of help gets the Palsey Stupour and Trembling But this we have described consists of many things that hinder such affections that roborate the Nerves extinguish the malign and peccant quality of the humours and resolve the humours propelling many by sputation Some adde Petreol and Euphorbium which being exceeding hot and tenuious may help cold natures but they much harm the bilious and temperate Some also adde Mithridate and the Theriack but we omit them as not alexiterial to this disease but Quicksilver is very efficacious if duly prepared as we have elsewhere demonstrated For the preparation of this Unguent the wax must first be melted on a moderate fire with the Oyls then Aqua-vitae added to them which must be agitated and calefied till the water be exhaled then incorporate them with Quicksilver Fat and Turpentine whereunto adde the Powders and subact all into an Unguent That the Quicksilver may be duly prepared it should first be trajected through a woollen cloth that its plumbago may be segregated then extinguished with jejune and sound spittle for being thus tamed it is fitter for this confection then when extinct in the succe of Henbane and Lemmons though the Grease and Turpentine take away much of its ferity It s malign quality may be very well castigated in the Oyl of Turpentine duly prepared It cures the flux of the mouth or the exputation of virulent humours through the mouth if after purgation the parts be twice or thrice anointed therewith We have neglected many Unguents described in vulgar Antidotaries because their use is either not approved of or disallowed of or their faculties respondent to and contained in these we have described For he that hath the Styptical Unguent or Aregon of Fernelius needs not the Unguent of Comitissa and Arthanita SECT II. Of Cerecloths AS Cerecloths are in the middle betwixt Unguents and Salves so we describe them in the middle They are called Cerata because they admit of Wax as also Ceronea which are now made of such solidity that they differ not from Salves but are taken indiscriminately by Chirurgeons who call such as repose broken or disjoynted bones Ceroneous Salves But Cerata in a more angust acceptation denote an external Medicament aggregated of Oyl Wax the parts of Plants Animals Metals and Minerals to a middle consistence betwixt Unguents and Salves for they admit of more Wax then Unguents and less then Salves Now the proportion of Wax to Oyl in Unguents is of two dragms and an half to one ounce in Cerata of two dragms and a half to an ounce in Salves twice thrice or four times as much Wax as Oyl which proportion varies according to the different mixtion of other Ingredients and the season they are confected in for where there is required much of Powders there must be more where little there less Oyl in Summer also less Oyl is requisite then in Winter so that it is in the perite Artists power to change augment or lessen the quantity of Wax and Oyl and as Cerone is used for an Emplaister so is Ceratum for an Unguent for their preparation commixtion and spissitude are almost one yea a Ceratum is sometimes more liquid then an Unguent CHAP. 1. Ceratum refrigerans Gal. or The cooling Cerate of Galen ℞ of white Wax ℥ j. Oyl of Roses ℥ iiij melt them together and pour on a little coldwater keeping it continually stirring at the last adding Vinegar ℥ ss make it into a Cerate The COMMENTARY There is not amongst all compound and euporistical Medicaments one more frequent or simple then this described and celebrated by Galen which some call an Unguent some Ceratum Album and some Ceratum refrigerans Galeni You may thus make it Divide the wax into pieces melt it in the Oyl of Roses not perfectly explicated take it from the fire and transfuse it into another vessel and when it is cold and moderately concreted affund cold water upon it and agitate it which iterate till the mixture will take no more whereunto if you adde a little thin white-wine Vinegar it will be more humectative and refrigerative Galen advises when it should be made very refrigerative to put the succes of Lettice Nightshade Sempervive and such refrigerants to it But this needs not be done but when the time of use calls for it these may be added for it is better to have it made in the shops after the most simple form It cures Inflammations S. Anthonies fires Pimples Carbuncles Vires red Swellings and all hot distempers It also much helps the Feverish if it be put upon their Hypochondria CHAP. 2. Ceratum Santalinum or The Cerate of Sanders D. Mes ℞ of Rose-leavesʒ xij red Sandersʒ x. white and yellow of each ℥ vj. Bole-armeniackʒ vij white Wax washedʒ xxx Ivoryʒ vij Camphyrʒ ij Oyl of Roses lb j. make into a Cerate The COMMENTARY
The Pharmacopolist that wants Sugar is not so derisible as he that wants this Ceratum whose continual and happy use sufficiently nobilitate it It is from Wax called Ceratum from Santals Santalinum You may make it thus First pulverate all the Santals together the Roses Bole-armeniack Ivory and Camphyr apart then mix the Wax with the Oyl that they may be liquefied on a slow fire when they are confusedly melted and a little cold wash them thrice or more in Rose-water whereunto adject the said powders yet in such method that the Camphyr be last put in then agitate subact and unite all into the consistence of a Ceratum We have put crude not burnt Ivory for Spodium and why we have so done hath been frequently shewed It allayes the inflammations exustions and hot distempers of the Ventricle Liver and other parts with much efficacy CHAP. 3. Ceratum Stomachicum or A Cerate for the Stomach taken out of Mes â„ž Roses Mastick of eachÊ’ x. dryed WormwoodÊ’ vij ss SpikenardÊ’ v. Wax â„¥ ij Oyl of Roses â„¥ ix make it according to Art into a Cerate The COMMENTARY This Ceratum of Mesue's being more efficacious then those two which Galen describes it is more usual and frequent in shops For its preparation melt the Wax and Oyl when cold wash them oft in rose-Rose-water melt them again and wash them in equal portions of the succe of Quinces and of black austere wine with a little Vinegar which may be well omitted In the mean-while pulverate the Roses and VVormwood together Mastick and Spikenard apart then confusedly mix all the powders with the wax and Oyl duly washed and subact them into a legitimate spissitude Galen to whom Mesue attributes its description gives it otherwise therefore the invention of the description or at least of the better description is due to Mesue It it called Stomachical because it conduces to that part for it foments the heat of the stomack and of the whole Ventricle helps concoction dissipates flatulency cocts crude humours moves appetite and stayes vomiting but it should and must be extended all over the region of the stomack and sometimes the whole Ventricle for it roborates that also and makes it more prompt and apt to perform its office CHAP. 4. Ceratum Oesypatum Gal. tributum D. Mes â„ž Oesypi â„¥ x. Oyl of Camomile Orris of each lb ss Wax â„¥ iiij Mastick Turpentine of each â„¥ j. Rosine â„¥ ss SpikenardÊ’ ij ss SaffronÊ’ j. ss Ammoniacum â„¥ j. Storax â„¥ ss make it into a Cerate according to Art The COMMENTARY Mesue describes three Cerata's whereof we select this one attributed to Galen as most efficacious and usual which yet Rondeletius by the addition of Ammoniack and Storax hath made more effectual for thus confected it performs those effects which the descriptions of Pilagrius and Paulus pollicitate Wherefore he that hath this may be without the others It is called Oesypatum from its Basis Oesypum which you may thus extract Take a fit quantity of wooll evelled from the necks bellies and privities of sheep macerate it eight hours in hot water agitate it all the while with a stick then servefie it on the fire till it depose its fatness into the water extract and violently express the wooll and then transfuse the water from one vessel to another with much force that it may eructate much spume which collect and repose in a vessel apart iterate the transfusion in the hot Sun till all the fat spume be collected which wash and agitate in pure water till its filth be segregated and the last water remain limpid and the fatness leave no acrimony on the tongue then put it in a dense earthen pot and keep it in a cold place It is emollitive resolvative calefactive and anodynous The Ceratum you may thus confect first pulverate the Saffron Mastick Spikenard and Storax apart then mix their powders together macerate Ammoniack in Vinegar melt it and coct it to the consistence of Honey then liquefie the wax in Oyl take them from the fire and put therein Oesypum dissolved Ammoniack and Turpentine together then agitate and subact all the powders together that they may acquire due spissitude It mollifies resolves digests and allayes dolours and thence conduces to the hard tumours of the Liver Spleen Uterus Nerves Articles and other parts Authors describe other external Medicaments under the name of Cerata which being of a harder consistence we shall prosecute in our next Book of Salves Mesue describes some softer then these which are seldome or never made Finis Libri Quinti The Apothecaries Shop OR ANTIDOTARY Of EXTERNAL MEDICAMENTS THE SIXTH BOOK Of Emplaisters THE PREFACE BOth the Matter and Vertue of Unguents and Salves are one their consistence different which in the one is soft and liquid in the other crass and solid which are therefore made into Rolls and Bacils of a fingers length and crassitude and sometimes much more and not reposed in vessels like Unguents but involved in papers and so kept in Pharmacopolies That they may acquire that crassitude they admit of more Wax and less Oyl then Unguents as twice thrice and sometimes four times as much Wax as Oyl which quantity of Wax must be augmented or lessened according to the quantity of Rosines and concrete succes as also the quantity of Oyl as the dosis of Fat 's Grease and Marrow may ingrede the confection Now Salves are confected of the parts of Plants and Animals of Minerals and Metals some whereof give onely the body and consistence without any great vertue as Wax common Oyl Quicksilver and some Rosines others with matter give also vertue and efficacy as Minerals Plants and the other Ingredients All Salves do not admit of Wax and Rosines but receive Ladanum Frankincense and other things for their matter Some also are made without Wax and fire whose materials are Honey viscid Succes Cream and the like concreted to a due spissitude as the Salve of Bread-Crusts and Bayberries and the like This order must be observed in confecting Salves first the Wax must be melted in Oyl then the liquors succes and Mucagines mixed therewith and cocted on a slow fire till the aqueous humidity be exhaled then must the Fat 's and Rosines be added as also all kindes of Gummes Some whereof are mixed sincere others diluted colated and cocted in Wine Vinegar or other liquor if Turpentine be required it may be added when the Salve is percocted and abstracted from the fire then must the hard Powders be cast and sprinkled agitated subacted and concreted into a mass neither soft nor hard but moderate and viscid which will not inquinate the contractants hands If liquid succes as Wine Vinegar Medicinal Waters or Decoctions ingrede a Salves confection they must be cocted till their aqueous humidity be dissipated New and spiss Succes must be dissolved in some liquor which must also be dissipated by coction dry and friable ones must be pulverated and mixed therewith
And as it is of great moment which must be first put in the dispensation and which last so also which must be longer which less cocted For the light coction of Lithargie makes the Medicament white the longer black Verdigrease makes it sometimes citreous sometimes green and sometimes fusk according to the various heat of the fire And the mutation of colour often argues the mutation of qualities for Lithargie by longer coction makes the Salve both blacker and more exsiccative And though the consistence and faculties be the most looked after in Salves yet their colour and odour make them more commendable But seeing we have abundantly treated of general Precepts in confecting Salves in our Institutions Chap. 4. Book 3. it now onely rests that we discuss the particular preparation and confection of each of them CHAP. 1. Diachylon simplex D. Mes â„ž old Oyl lb j. Lithargie finely beaten lb j. ss Our London Apothecaries usually add as much water as Oyl to boyl it with of the musilidge of Marshmallow-roots Linseed and Foenugreek of each â„¥ iiij make it into a Plaister of a legitimate consistency The COMMENTARY The denomination of this Salve is multifarious for from the mucagineous succes which it admits in great plenty it is called Diachylon from its colour Album from its usual frequency Commune and from the five Simples that ingrede its Confection Pentapharmacum and often Simple Diachylon in reference to another more composititious The whole Family of Myropolists acknowledge Mesue its Author though Serapio and Avicenna gave descriptions thereof before him and all exhibit it according to the superiour form wherein Oyl and Lithargie suppeditate matter and corpulency and Succes efficacy which mixed in divers proportions and after divers preparations make up this Emplaister For more dilucidation prepare it thus Purge the Lithargie from its Lead dross and filth then levigate it small agitate and subact it twelve hours in a Metalline-Morter with Oyl then coct it on a slow fire alwayes stirring it till the Lithargie incrassate to a melleous consistence and adheres not to the bottom of the Kettle then take it off the fire that it may cool then fervefie the succes extracted in water aparr till their more aqueous parts be exhaled then mix about a third part thereof accurately with the Lithargie and coct them again till the Lithargie incrassate as before then put the rest to it and agitate them letting them fervefie on a slow fire till they be all united and concorporated into a Salve of a legitimate consistence and if you put an ounce of the powder of Orris to each pound of this Salve then you have Diachylon Ireatum It is a sign the Salve is perfectly cocted when a part thereof adheres not to a Marble nor inquinates the contrectants hands yet it should be sequacious and viscid that Rolls may be formed thereof involved in paper and kept It is the best Mollitive for it mollifies the hard tumours and cocts the humours of the Liver Spleen Ventricle and other parts that which admits of Orris attracts incides and resolves more CHAP. 2. Diachylon Magnum D. Mes â„ž of Lithargie of Gold finely powdered lb j. Oyls of Orris Dill and Camomile of each lb ss musilidge of Marshmallow-roots Figs Linseed Foenugreek Isinglass Juyces of Orris Squills Oesypi of eachÊ’ xij ss Turpentine â„¥ iij. Rosine Wax of each â„¥ ij make it into a Plaister according to Art Diachylon Magnum cum Gummis â„ž Bdellium Sagapenum Ammoniacum of each â„¥ ij dissolve them in wine and boyl them to the crassitude of Honey adding the mass of Diachylon Magnum and make it into a Plaister The COMMENTARY As the Simple and Ireatum were so the great and Gummatum Diachylon are conjoyned and described all in one order because in name and faculties they have much affinity Paul Aegin dissents much from Mesue in the description and confection of the greater Oribasius dissents from Paulus and the usual method accommodated to Mesue from both which we now follow onely neglecting Raisins in whose stead we by Guido's advice substitute Althea's-root and you may thus confect it Agitate and move Lithargie already brayed and purged in a Morter of Copper with Oyl very long then coct it on a slow fire alwayes stirring it till it incrassate then adde the musilidges and coct them till their watry humidity be absumed afterwards put Fish-glue diluted in the succe of Orris and Squills into the confection and coct them till the succes be spent in stead of Alkanach you may put Alkam or Bird-lime which is more convenient for this Emplaister The Wax and Rosine must be put into these whilst they are on the fire the Turpentine and Oesypus may be added when they are abstracted from the fire all the mass must be continually agitated that its consistence may be idoneous Some by industrious sedulity mix a small quantity of the Mucagines at first with the Oyls and Lithargie that they may hinder its subsidence to the bottom of the vessel and make the Salve whiter Its faculties effect the same with the former but more efficaciously for it mollifies cocts and digests better The Gummatum Diachylon attracts mollifies and resolves potently CHAP. 3. Emplastrum de Mucaginibus seu Diachylon compositum or The Plaister of Musilidges or Diachylon compound â„ž of the Musilidge of the seeds of Marshmallows Lin Foenugreek the middle bark of Elm of each â„¥ iiij Oyl of Camomile Lillies and Dill of each â„¥ j. Ammoniacum Galbanum Opoponax Sagapenum of each â„¥ ss new Wax â„¥ xx Turpentine â„¥ ij SaffronÊ’ ij make it into a Plaister according to Art The COMMENTARY Though this Salve be of an uncertain Author yet all Pharmacopolists make it after this description which we exhibit from Fernelius its Transcriber for whose confection first extract the Chyles in water then coct them with Oyls on a slow fire till their a queous humidity be dissipated cut the wax into pieces and melt it herein agitating it with a spatle adde the Gummes diluted first in Vinegar strained and cocted to the absumption of the Vinegar then take them off the fire and adde Turpentine and Saffron to them still agitating the mass till it acquire a due consistence whereof form Rolls of half or a whole ounce weight It partly mollifies partly cocts and maturates and therefore conduces to the cure of humours preternaturally indurated It is enumerated amongst the mollitive and suppurative Salves and frequent in use CHAP. 4. Emplastrum de Meliloto or Melilot Plaister D. Mes â„ž of Melilot â„¥ vj. Camomile-flowers tops of Wormwood wilde Marjoram Foenugreek Bayberries Marshmallow-roots of eachÊ’ iij. the seeds of Smallage Bishopweed Cardamomes Orris Cypress Lavender Cassia-Lignea of eachÊ’ j. ss AmmoniacumÊ’ x. Storax of each Ê’ iij. Orris round Birthwort of eachÊ’ vj. white Wax Turpentine of each lb ss * Gum-Olei Aethiopiae Gum-Elemni â„¥ ij Rosine of the Pine-tree â„¥ vj. Oyl of the Firre-tree white-wine of each as
others Palustrian-frogs I alwayes prefer the Water-frogs before the other which are often venenate but any in defect thereof may well enough supply the place and any one may at liberty chuse these or the other seeing they all agree equally almost to this external Medicament The faculties of this Medicament which some make in form of a Ceratum or an Unguent are well known not onely to Medicks and Chirurgeons but all such as have been harmed by Venery CHAP. 20. Tela Galteri commonly called Saradrap ℞ Oyl of Roses lb ss Rams fat ℥ iiij Wax ℥ x. Lithargie Rosine of the Pine-tree Frankincense Mastick of each ℥ ij Bole-armeniack Volatile flower of each ℥ j. make it into an Emplaister according to Art and while it is hot immerge a cloth that it may be salved The COMMENTARY To the number of Emplaisters they referre a certain cloth Emplastical on both sides which Neotericks call Sparadrappa whereof there are as many sorts as a Cloth may be infected with Salves for some are vulnerary others catagmatical the one used in agglutinating wounds the other bones but no diseases call for Sparadraps so frequently as inveterate Ulcers and holes left by Pyroticks whereunto this we have described is most useful For whose confection first melt the fat and wax with Oyl mix the brayed Lithargie with the liquament wherein agitate stir and coct it afterwards adde the other Powders alwayes stirring mixing and uniting them into a legitimate Emplaister wherein a cloth somewhat worn must be demerged and incalcated while it is hot till it be all over infected inquinated and incrustated which then extract expose to the air that it may dry and repose for use This Cloth is partly Sarcotical partly Collective and Epulotical that is it generates flesh agglutinates siccates and heals wounds and Ulcers it stayes fluxions and roborates the parts whereunto it is adhibited He that would have more descriptions of Sparadrappes may reade the last Chapter of the second Section of our fifth Book of Institutions There may as many Sparadrappes be made by Art as Emplaisters We have omitted some few Salves as such as we could either not approve of or disallow of or else such as were more then supplyed in those we have described For the use of the Salves of Barbary and Diaphoenician is quite decayed the Apostolical Salve is seldome made and he that hath the Divinum may well be without it as he that hath Oxycroecum without Ceroneum We have given the best and most useful not onely of Salves but also of other Medicaments for internal assumption and external adhibition All which if an Apothecary will make and keep in his Shop he shall not want any thing for the expugnation of Diseases Finis Libri Sexti AN APPENDIX Of some Medicinal Waters made by Art BEsides simple distilled Waters some others are kept in Pharmacopolies more compositious whose use is commendable in many things and that not onely in external adhibitions but internal assumptions also to correct distempers roborate the parts and erect the faculties Of which sort these are the most usual and eximious which lest any thing necessary should be wanting we have here subjoyned beginning with such as are introsumed Aqua Theriacalis or A Theriacal Water ℞ of the roots of Enula-campane Tormentil Angelica Masterwort of each ℥ j. Cypress Orris of eachʒ vj. Setwel the Pills of Citron and Orange Cinamon Cloves the seeds of Carduus Ivy-berries and Juniper of each ℥ ss Dittany Scordium Balm Marigolds of each m. ss Macerate them a whole day upon hot embers in a vessel well covered with lb vj. of white-wine the next day adde of the decoction of Goats-beard Betony and Water-lillies lb ij afterwards boyl them a little upon a gentle fire In which dissolve Treacle ℥ iiij afterwards put them into an Alembick and distil it in a Bath There is no Theriacal and Alexiterial Water better Vires or more efficacious then this for it doth not onely recreate the faculties but oppugn and extinguish all pestilent and venenate qualities It cures the Syncope Palpitation Swounding Vertigo Lethargie Epilepsie Apoplexy and Palsey Aqua Theriacalis alia or Another Theriacal Water more easie to make ℞ of the roots of Enula-campane Angelica of each ℥ iiij Carduus-seed Cloves Juniper-berries of each ℥ j. Scordium Vipers Bugloss Goatheard Marjoram Balm Betony of each m.j. boyl them in water to lb iiij in which infuse for a whole day and half Mithridate and Treacle of each ℥ ij put them into an Alembick and distil of the water according to Art Its faculties are affine to but more imbecile then those of the former not onely Pharmacopolists but also any one may make it for it consists but of a few things and they easily compassable Aqua Cinamomi or Cinamon-Water ℞ of the best Cinamon bruised lb ss of the best Rose-water and generous white-wine of each lb j. mingle them letting them stand in a fit vessel for two dayes well covered afterwards distilled off according to Art and let the Water be preserved All do not consent about the proportion of Cinamon to Wine and Rose-water for some put twice as much wine and four times as much Rose-water as Cinamon others put water and wine in equal quantity wherein they macerate Cinamon and distil the whole which is the most usual and best way This water accelerates Birth expels Secunds moves fluors recreates the faculties and discusses flatulency Aqua vulgo Clareta dicitur or The Water commonly called A Claret ℞ of Mace Cloves Cinamon of each ℥ j. Galangal ℥ ss Cardamomes Squinant of eachʒ ij Gingerʒ ss infuse them in Aqua-vitae lb j. in a Bath for 24 hours the waters of Wormwood and Roses of each lb ss Sugar ℥ viij let them be trajected three or four times thorow Hippocrates his Sleeve and make thereof a Claret which keep in a fit Bottle It roborates the stomach helps coction discusses flatulency corrects the cold distemper of the nutritive parts restitutes the hearts strength and erects the faculties Claretc alia or Another Claret ℞ of the roots of both Pyonies Missletoe of each ℥ ij the wood of Bayes and Lentisk of each ℥ ss the flowers of Betony Sage and Rosemary of each p. ij macerate them a whole day in lb j. ss of white-wine and lb ss of Balm-water and afterwards distilled and in the distilledwater macerate Cinamon ℥ j. Sugar-Candy ℥ v. which strain and keep This doth most admirably help for the cure of the Epilepsie Lethargie Palsey Apoplexy and other cold affections of the Brain and Nerves Clareta alia or Yet another Claret ℞ of the Waters of Balm and Coltsfoot Put the sugar in a bladder and hang the bladder in water and it will dissolve it of each lb ss infuse therein a whole night Enula-campane ℈ ij Orrisʒ j. Cinamon ℈ iiij make an expression and filtrate it adding dissolved or liquid Sugar-Candy ℥ iij. which after a little insolation put up It hath an
the Colature adde a little Oil of Tartar and it will become white It may also be thus confected ℞ Ceruse ℥ ss Litharidge ℥ j. Trochisks of Camphorʒ ss the strongest Vinegar lb. ss macerate them three or four hours afterwards filtrate them and to the filtration adde the water of Bean flowers or Plantain or Roses in which dissolve a little Salt and it will become white It is very good against the redness of the face and pimples Ejus virtuor and roughness of the skin CHAP. XIII Of Alume water THE affinity of the qualities minde me of another water of eximious virtues which derives its denomination from Alume which is its basis Since many Juices ingrede its confection which are better new than old it can scarce be made before or after Summer but about the end of August or the beginning of September for then the juice of Grapes is most copious and most acid being immature and therefore more accommodate to confect this water Being extrinsecally applyed it cohibits and deterges inflammations pimples and other infections of the skin adhibited also above the tongue that grows black by the acuteness of a Feaver it will not onely delete its roughness but so moderate its calour as to reduce it to its natural heat I shall here exhibit its more usual and approved description whereunto a skilfull Medick may easily adjoyn another if the particular nature or condition of any affection require it and thus it is confected ℞ Aqua aluminosa magistralis Of the juices of Plantain Purslain Grapes Roch alume ana lb. j. whites of Eggs no. xij mix them well together with a spatula and afterwards distill them in an Alembick Some by mixing the juice of Nightshade and Limons with it make it more prevalent against filth and lice and other affections of the skin and they call it the Magisterial Alume water CHAP. XIV Of a Frontal AFrontal which the Greeks call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is a Medicament which imposed on the forehead doth help the head-ach and it is often exhibited to extinguish its ardour and conciliate sleep when in long Feavers too much waking hath dejected the strength corrupted the blood and exagitated the mind For then a topical refrigerative Hypnotick applyed to the frontispiece of the head will be very salutiferous by abating the dolour mitigating the fervour tempering the blood and cohibiting the ascendent fumes Nicholaus Myrepsius tells us that a Frontal duely confected and rightly adhibited to the eyes cures lippitude and abundant fluours But we must take heed we do not adhibit humectative and refrigerative Frontals to a flegmatick brain or old men in winter especially seeing they are not meet for such in summer Quibus frontalia bene vel male conveniunt nor yet for any of a cold nature But they may be successfully applyed to young men and such as are cholerick or infested with some hot disease which alwayes causes great dolour in the head at any time But the use of Frontals is no way safe for young girls whose Cranium yet gapes and whose Vertex is yet moveable especially such as admit Vinegar in their composition which is an enemy to the brain or are endued with a narcotical or with a refrigeratory or calefactory quality or any other eximious faculty in excess They indeed are very expetible which by the first degrees change the distemper of the four qualities cohibit vapours gently soporate the senses and roborate the brain All Frontals are either somewhat humid or altogether dry the humid are of multifarious forms and consistencies for they are either made in form of an Unguent or of a Liniment or of an Opiate or of a Cerato malagma as when some oleaginous Medicaments are super-added to brayed herbs and a Frontal formed of the mixture Neither are dry Frontals uniform but confected of leaves and flowers either integral or pulverated and sowed in a double Syndon or pure cloth This Frontal is accommodate to women ℞ Of the leaves of Lettice and Betony cut small and of Rose leaves ana m. j. madefy these in Oxyrrhodino and make thereof a Frontal This Frontal will asswage the fervour of the head and conciliate sleep ℞ Conserves of Water-lillyesʒ vj. of Roses ℥ ss Fervorem mitigans somnumque concilians of the flower of Poppyes p. ij beat them together in a mortar with a little Unguent Populeon fiat Frontale CHAP. XV. Of Cataplasms and Pultises THis soft Medicament which onely extrinsecally applyed doth asswage dolour repell mollify relax and calefy as also move vacuate and digest corrupt matter is called both by Greeks and Latines Cataplasma It hath the consistency of a Pultis whence it often borrows a name though in proper loquution Puls is rather an Aliment and Cataplasma a topical Medicament which is not confected solely of Honey wherein some Simples or Compounds accommodate to that purpose have been cocted as the Antients used to make it but of Roots Herbs Meal Oil and Butter and very often and that successfully by clinical women of Milk Bread crums Oil and the yolks of Eggs to mitigate leniate and concoct And he that calls a Cataplasm thus compounded a Pultis and a Pultis made of Barley meal the mucaginous matter of Linseed and Eggs yolks a Cataplasm doth erre nothing according to Fernelius for both have the same consistency to wit a mean betwixt an Unguent and a Salve and as it were the result of both their materials compounded together both have the same method in confecture and in use Fernelius thinks that the Antients used Cataplasma and Malagms for the same thing but Galen initio lib. 7. de comp med gen according to the meaning and opinion of the Antients names those Medicaments alone Malagms which mollify parts preternaturally obdurated so that a malactical and mollitive Medicament and a Malagm do not at all differ nor constitute distinct species as 't is very probable Pultises then are constituted of Roots Leaves Stalks cocted to a putrilency Meal Fat and Oil. If dry Plants be required they must be pulverated if green cocted till they liquefy then stamped in a mortar trajected through a scarce and mucaginous fat or oleaginous matters added to the pulped matter and sometimes meal and then must they be again cocted till they acquire the crassitude of a Pultis This Cataplasm will asswage dolour and mollify obdurateness ℞ Anodynum malacticum The roots of Lillyes and Marsh-mallows ana ℥ ij Mallows Pelitory Violets ana m. ij boyl them till they become soft beat them small and pulp them through a sieve to which adde Linseed ℥ ij Oil of Lillyes ℥ iij. One made of the powder of Linseed cocted in Hydreol to a just consistency will exceedingly mollify and mitigate any dolour This Cataplasm will educe viscid humours open the pores and dissipate flatuosity ℞ Briony root lb. j. Sowbread root ℥ iij. Mercury m. ij Flatus dissipant boyl them till
they become soft in water with a fourth part of white wine bruise them and traject them through a sieve to the pulp adde powder of Bay-berryes â„¥ ss powder of Fennel seeds and Cummin and Chamomile flowers anaÊ’ ij Lupines and Faenugreek ana â„¥ j. Oil of Orris as much as suffices to make a Cataplasm A Cataplasm made of common bread Syncomistum which they call Syncomistum is good for all things if we believe Oribasius For saith he it is convenient almost for all inflammations when it is confected with water and oil of Roses That also is good for many dolours which is confected of leavened bread and oil for it ripens obdurateness heals contusions attracts lurking humours to the skin digests and resolves them There are various forms of Pultises recorded in every Author which here to rehearse would be as endless as useless since these few examples may suffice CHAP. XVI Of Catapasms Empasms and Diapasms ODoriferous Powders compounded of many Aromataes Catapasma quid which for fragrancy and suavities sake are strewed upon cloaths are properly called Catapasms Those Powders also which after litation are applyed to some part of the body as to the stomack for its roboration and those odoriferous Powders which are made for Condiments and other uses as Sarcotical for generation of flesh in ulcers Catheretical for absumption in superfluous flesh Epulotical for the induction of a skar are called Catapasms Paul c. 13. l. 7. But because we have treated of these before we shall not further prosecute that subject neither would we have spoken a word thereupon but for that same paranomasy there is betwixt a Catapasm and a Cataplasm The less affinity falling in the denominations of Empasm and Diapasm leads us to shew their difference each from other as also how they both differ from a Cataplasm Now according to Oribasius cap. 31. lib. 10. Empasma quid those are Empasms which are adhibited to cohibit immoderate heat or other exhalations or to scarify the extremity of the skin or to remove a Pleurisy Those Diapasms Diapasma quid which are accommodated to conciliate suaveolence to the skin or body either by way of Powder Unguent or Liniment Those Cataplasms which are confected after the former description and for the uses we mentioned in the foregoing Chapter Empasins are either used to stay the immoderate fluour of sweat which is not critical but dissolves Natures strength or to help the Mydroptical Sciatical or Orthopnoical Patients Those that stay and cohibit the profusion of sudours consist of Parget dry and levigated Mirtle Pomegranate pils Syrian Sumack Sorb apples dryed and brayed Galls Acacia and such like Astrictives Those that help such as are diseased with the Dropsy such as are infested with the Sciatica and such as cannot breathe unless they hold their neck strait up are confected of Sand burned Wine lees Nitre Salt Sulphur Mustard Water cresses Pepper Pelitory and such like sharp Ingredients whereof Sinapisms also are made which act and produce the same effect with Empasms CHAP. XVII Of Sinapisms and Phaenigms ASinapism is a kinde of Cataplasm for their consistency is alike though their faculties be distinct for Sinapisms consist of one quality and are alwayes calefactory Catalpasms of many and thence they calefy refrigerate mollify relax c. A Sinapism is seldome or never adhibited in acute diseases neither by way of table nor colliquament as Oribasius notes cap. 13. lib. 10. but in Lethargies Apoplexies or the Night-mare and in stupid natures that the dullness of the sense may be excited the faculty awakened the heat acted and the humour discussed The manner of making a Sinapism is thus described by Oribasius and Aetius cap. 181. tetr 1. serm 3. Take dryed Figs q. v. macerate them a whole day in warm water afterwards make a strong Expression and bruise the Figs then take the sharpest and strongest Mustard seed bruise it by it self pouring on a little of the colature of the Figs which will make it beat more easily but take heed too much be not mixed lest it be too thin and liquid then reduce them into small masses of the Figs and Mustard of each equal parts but if you would have the Sinapism stronger take two parts of the Mustard and one of the Figs if weaker two of the Figs and one of the Mustard If the Sinapism be made with Vinegar it is more inefficacious and weak because Vinegar discusses the strength of the Mustard The Sinapism should be put upon a Linnen cloth and so adhibited to the place and should be often looked at to see if it have contracted rubour enough by its admotion for some perceive its effect on them sooner some later so that I cannot certainly define what space of time it must abide on the place But if the Sinapism after long admotion act not nor alter the colour of the skin it must be fomented with hot water with a sponge that the faculty of the Sinapism may be easier intromitted for the Sinapism by extracting the excrements to the skin either ulcerates or at least rubrifies it whence it is called a Phaenigm that is a rubrifying Medicament Phaenigmus After the diseased hath sufficiently used the Sinapism he must be bathed and then have the part affected anointed with oil of Roses CHAP. XVIII Of Dropax and Pication A Dropax is a topical Medicament sometimes hard like a salve Dropax quid sometimes soft like a Malagm as the case requires Now a Dropax is either simple which is made of Pitch and a little Oil onely or compound Differentiae which admits of many calefactories besides Pitch and Oil as Pepper Bartram Bitumen Brimstone Salt and the ashes of Vine branches It is convenient for diuturnal diseases as Aetius cap. 180. tetr 1. Quibus morbis conveniat serm 3. shews and must alwayes be adhibited both before and after a Sinapism before that it may prepare the body for a Sinapism and after that it may exscind the remaining affections A simple one is thus made â„ž Of the best Pitch dissolve it with a little Oil and while it is hot dip in a cloth and clap it to the place affected and before it is cold pluck it off again calefy it before the fire and apply it as before and before it waxes cold pull it off and let this be repeated as often as need requires It helps such as are infested with frequent vomits with collicks Picatio quibus affectibus conveniat and with crudities it helps also such parts as do not grow nor partake of the nutriment The more compound Dropax is constituted of the above mentioned calefactories Dropax magis compositus when it is prescribed for the reduction of any part perished by cold to its pristine bonity and when it is requisite that it exsiccate Then Oribasius cap. 10. lib. 1. adds Salt Sulphur Wine and the ashes of Vine branches to its confection and when it should