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A53058 Philosophical letters, or, Modest reflections upon some opinions in natural philosophy maintained by several famous and learned authors of this age, expressed by way of letters / by the thrice noble, illustrious, and excellent princess the Lady Marchioness of Newcastle. Newcastle, Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of, 1624?-1674. 1664 (1664) Wing N866; ESTC R19740 305,809 570

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Wherefore I will return to my simple opinion and as I cannot conceive any thing that is beyond Matter or a Body so I believe according to my reason that there is not any part in Nature be it never so subtil or small but is a self-moving substance or endued with self-motion and according to the regularity and irregularity of these motions all natural effects are produced either perfect or imperfect timely births or untimely and monstrous births death health and diseases good and ill dispositions natural and extravagant Appetites and Passions I say natural that is according to the nature of their figures Sympathy and Antipathy Peace and War Rational and Phantastical opinions Nevertheless all these motions whether regular or irregular are natural for regularity and irregularity hath but a respect to particulars and to our conceptions because those motions which move not after the ordinary common or usual way or manner we call Irregular But the curiosity and variety in Nature is unconceiveable by any particular Creature and so leaving it I rest MADAM Your faithful Friend and Servant XXX MADAM YOur Author says it is an ancient Truth That whatsoever things meats being digested and cast out by vomit are of a sowre taste and smell yea although they were seasoned with much sugar But I do not assent to this opinion for I think that some Vomits have no more taste then pure Water hath Neither am I of his mind That Digestion is hastened by sharpness or tartness For do but try it by one simple experiment take any kind of flesh-meat boyl or stew it with Vinegar or sowre wine or with much salt and you will find that it doth require a longer time or rather more motions to dissolve then if you boyl it in fair water without such ingredients as are sowre sharp or salt also if you do but observe you will find the dregs more sandy stony and hard being drest with much salt and sharp wine or vinegar then when they are not mixt with such contracting and fixing Ingredients Wherefore if the Ferment of the stomack hath such a restringent and contracting quality certainly digestions will be but slow and unprofitable but Nature requires expulsion as much as attraction and dilation as much as contraction and digestion is a kind of dilation Wherefore in my judgment contracting tartness and sharpness doth rather hinder digestion then further it Next I perceive your Author inclines to the opinion That Choler is not made by meat But I would ask him whether any humor be made ofmeat or whether blood flesh c. are made and nourished by meat If they be not then my answer is That we eat to no purpose but if they be then Choler is made so too But if he says That sorne are made and some not then I would ask what that humor is made of that is not made by meat or food received into the body But we find that humors blood flesh c. will be sometimes more sometimes less according either to feeding or to digestion which digestion is a contribution of food to every several part of the body for its nourishment and when there is a decay ofthose parts then it is caused either by fasting or by irregular digestion or by extraordinary evacuation or by distempered matter c. all which causes sickness paleness leanness weakness and the like Again your Author is against the opinion of the Schools That the Gall is a receptacle of superfluous humors and dregs for he says it has rather the constitution of a necessary and vital bowel and is the balsom of the liver and blood Truly it may be so for any thing I know or it may be not for your Author could but guess not assuredly know unless he had been in a man as big as the Whale in whose belly Jonas was three days and had observed the interior parts and motions of every part for three years time and yet he might perchance have been as ignorant at the coming forth as if he never had been there for Natures actions are not onely curious but very various and not onely various but very obscure in so much as the most ingenious Artists cannot trace her ways or imitate her actions for Art being but a Creature can do or know no more then a Creature and although she is an ingenious Creature which can and hath found out some things profitable and useful for the life of others yet she is but a handmaid to Nature and not her Mistress which your Author in my opinion too rashly affirms when he says That the Art of Chymistry is not onely the Chambermaid and emulating Ape but now and then the Mistress of Nature For Art is an effect of Nature and to prefer the effect before the cause is absurd But concerning Chymistry I have spoken in another place I 'le return to my former Discourse and I wonder much why your Author is so opposite to the Schools concerning the doctrine of the Gall's being a receptacle for superfluities and dregs for I think there is not any Creature that has not places or receptacles for superfluous matter such as we call dregs for even the purest and hardest Mineral as Gold has its dross although in a less proportion then some other Creatures nay I am perswaded that even Light which your Author doth so much worship may have some superfluous matter which may be named dregs and since Nature has made parts in all Creatures to receive and discharge superfluous matter which receiving and discharging is nothing else but a joyning and dividing of parts to and from parts why may not the Gall be as well for that use as any other part But I pray mistake me not when I say superfluous matter or dregs for I understand by it that which is not useful to the nourishment or confistence of such or such a Creature but to speak properly there is neither superfluity of matter nor dregs in Nature Moreover your Author mentions a six-fold digestion and makes every digestion to be performed by inbreathing or inspiration For in the first digestion he says The spleen doth inspire a sowre Ferment into the Meat In the second The Gall doth inspire a ferment or fermental blas into the slender entrails In the third The Liver doth inspire a bloody ferment into the veins of the Mensentery c. I answer first I am confident Nature has more ways then to work onely by Inspirations not onely in General but in every Particular Next I believe there are not onely six but many more digestions in an animal Creature for not onely every sort of food but every bit that is eaten may require a several digestion and every several part of the body works either to expel or preserve or for both so that there are numerous several Motions in every Creature and many changes of motions in each particular part but Nature is in them all And so leaving her