the following Receipt To help the stopping in the urine I made use of with good success Take Annise seed â„¥ 2. put it in a pewter bottle pour Water to it lb 1. keep it stopt and boyl it in a Kettle full of Water in this Annise seed water dip a sponge apply it to the Patients privy members as hot as he is able to endure it this provoketh urine And if this be too weak and doth not prevail then the Receipt must be made stronger thus â„ž Annise seed and parsley seed ana â„¥ 1. Maiden-hair M 1. Berberries Ê’ 1. boil these in Vinegar and Water to one pint of Vinegar put three quarts of Water boil away a third part of it and use it as you heard above And if these outward means will not help and the Patient is pained in his Urine then inward meanes must be used Viz. Maiden-hair Alkekengi oculi cancrorum take a sufficient quantity of these as of Maiden-hair â„¥ ss of Alkekengi or Winter-cherries â„¥ 1. lay it in the Patients drink and let him eat the Oculi Cancrorum doubtless it will provoke his Urine in case outward means be used also Touching his going to stool this is not much to be set by To help him to stool especially when the wounded ought to lie on bed but if he hath no stool in three or four dayes then is it time to look to his back dore Some think to remedy this with purging but in my judgement it is not good it is alwayes accompanied with danger especially in head-wounds it is better to make Suppositories of Honey and Mice turds mingled with Salt and if that will not help then make a Glister of Mallows oyl of Cammomil and flesh-broth and put Salt to it and minister it and if that be two weak then â„ž Electuarium Diaphenicum â„¥ ss oyl of Cammomil â„¥ 3. Mallows â„¥ ss beaten pour on these a quart of Water Flesh-broth were better or Goats Milk stir it well about apply it neither too hot nor too cold you will soon see the effect of it you may put Salt to it if need But in case the wounded should be purged then the safest way is to make a Potion of Sene leaves and Rubarb and minister it Thus much of those three accidents usually befalling wounded men sometimes other Diseases are incident also which are to be remedied as there is occasion for Of other Simptoms which happen unto Wounds shall be treated in the next part of this Book where I intend to write of them CHAP. V. How a Surgeon 〈…〉 himself about his Swathing-bands and other Manuals ALL manner of Arts being invented through experimental knowledge and exact observations and even till now dies diem docet one day teacheth another I hold it a thing impossible considering the brevity of mans life that an Art can be so exactly learned but the after-comers find somewhat more in their practical part and so it is impossible to set all down what belongeth to Surgery As much as is known to me I will communicate in the following Chapter Note the dressing of a Wound is of great concernment to handle it well and to use and take notice of advantages which some little regard and dress their Wounds without any difference or distinction whereby they effect this that they lame those which could be set upright if they had been honestly look'd too Sometimes it happeneth that neither the Wound nor the Medicine applied is in fault but the fault was committed at the dressing A Wound may be furthered in the healing if well drest and bound and a Wound may be spoiled in the dressing and a lameness caused as when a wounded member is bound too hard then is a swelling caused the Wound is choaked having left no vent to help it self and to receive any life yea I say this that if a Wound were onely kept clean and duly dressed it would sooner heal than if all the Art of Medicine had been used and all the Poultesses applied to it Seeing that binding is of great consequence therefore Take notice of the binding take good notice of all the parts of the body and chiefly of those that are dangerous in some Wounds there is great danger in some there is less and that according to their places And observe exactly the Wounds on the Shinns Knees Cartilages Armes Hands and where there is any joynt for those are dangerous require great care by reason of unhappy Simptoms which easily fall i◠〈◊〉 Touching other Wounds in the point of â—â—ck Sides Neck Throat and Head those also must 〈◊〉 looked to but require not such exactness in the dressing and are for the most part dressed so that the Medicine applied may not fall off There are some Wounds also with a flap hanging down which require a careful dressing Those that have undertaken Surgery must have a care to be ready and have in readiness Salves Plaisters and other Surgeons must be ready at all times necessary Medicines well prepared that at what time soever any Patient be brought to them he may find good counsel and present help and not to tarry for their readiness or stay till they make and prepare something which tarrying would prove hurtful and prejudicial to the wounded by reason of his bleeding and other disturbations for the readier you are to dress him the better the healing prospereth and the more credit it will be for you And when any comes to be dressed you ought to endeavour to be ready with your Medicines Plaisters Salves Lints Roulers that the Wound be not kept long undressed and be speedily covered and closed And that must be observed for that reason that the air be Air hurtful to Wounds kept out as much as possible it may for air doth hurt to the Wound especially air is contrary to veins sinews and joynts usually causing cramps and stitches and the room in which the Patient is dressed ought to be kept shut and closed to keep out the air and wind A Surgeon ought to be careful that he breath not into the Not to breath into Wounds Wound especially when he is yet fasting and is to turn away his mouth from the Wound or ought to put a cloth before his mouth if need for such breathing may cause that a water may stick to the Wound and incline it to a rottenness But this is chiefly noted in Head-wounds when the Pan or the Dura mater is wounded for then it is dangerous Some Surgeons have that custom at the dressing of The blood in the Wound is to be let alone Wounds that they wash the bloud out they find in the Wound thinking it to be done very well freeing it from uncleanness and this they do at the first dressing But it is an abuse and a thing contrary no bloud should be washed out of the Wound but let it be there if settled for a congealed bloud in the Wound is no hurt unto it
neither is there any occasion to advise with others the parties wounded must lye till the skirmish is over let the Wounds be what they will There is great distinction to be observed touching such cures and those which to such accidents are not subject The cures I shall speak of here were not found out in mine own practice but I have seen and learned them of experienced Surgeons which afterward I took into careful consideration and in my dayly practice endeavoured so farre that at last I got to the true fundamentals of them And that which I have learned and seen and made experiments of them I will impart it faithfully whereby you may see my intentions to be side and reall Touching these Wounds which are spoyled and exiccated bp the Suns heat you are to note if the suns rayes strike directly into the wound or they fall onely on the patient and do not come near the wound then it may fall out that the wound is dryed out in a short time the lips of the wound grow as hard as a stick in the inside the wound groweth brown red like half roasted meat yet there is some moisture in it with a little swelling about beating and panting very much great head-ach is joined with it and the patient is saint by reason of the great heat which possest his body To apply pertinent remedies for such Symptomes do thus Curs for exiccated wounds ℞ of Salmiac water ℥ 1 Rose vinegar ℥ 3 white Amber ℥ ¼ hony Roses or mel Rosatum ℥ 6. Boyle these like an Egyptiacum wet linnen ravelings in it and tye it to the Wound If the wound be deep made by stabbing then the Ointment may be conveyed into with a syringe and apply a Plaister to it Then take good Rose vinegar in which you dissolve a little of prepared Saltpeter make it luke warm dip a cloth into apply it four double about the Wound covering the wound every way that vinegar being grown cold warm it once more and apply it again Beware you use no greasie things of oyles ponltesses c. because such wounds receive no greasie things for they are not onely not good but hurtful Moist ointments of a waterish nature without greasiness allay heats and are sharpish to eat away the heat the skin panicle c. thereby to open the obstructions of the wound that they may the better admit of healing such things you are to use here if so be you intend to do the party good such wounds must not be stitched by no means for these wounds that are thus exiccated by the Suns heat admit of no healing unless they have thrust forth that which the Suns heat hath spoyled Outward means thus applyed will not do it alone inward Internal medicines medicines must be used also For a Wound spoiled in this manner doubtless the whole body suffereth also especially when other Symptomes are coincident as a Wound sickness a Feaver an Inflamation c. Therefore in the first place phlebotomize the party on the opposite side to the Wound The best way for head wounds is to open a vein under the tongue if the patient be able to endure it for thereby the heat in the head will be much allayed When phlebotomie is used in this case then be provided with a Vulnerarie potion which must be made thus ℞ Stellaria or Wound hearb Bistorta Pyrola white Roses Vulnerar◠potion or Rose water ana ℥ 1 boile all these in a quart of water for an hour or two in a closed kan being boiled strain it dissolve in it of prepared Saltpeter ℥ 1 put to it of pulverised Oculi cancrorum ʒ 1 of these let the patient drink four times a day ℥ 1 ss This drink will come to the Wound and will expell the heat not onely out of the Wound but out of the whole body and will quench the patties extream thirst The patient must be kept in a cool temper and eat of meats which are of easie digestion let him not be opprest with thirst which would be hurtful unto him His drink Dyet must be made of Barly water of Plantain roots and of winter Cherries he must use also conserves of Violets Roses c. Go on with this process so long till the Wound separateth from that which is spoiled then you may use other means as they are proper for wounds and proceed with the rest as you heard above of other wounds One thing more is necessary if so be that the patient is able to endure that he be put into a sweat be it with Treacle Metridate c. For such wounds must be dealt Diaphoreticks withal as if there had been any poyson therein If the patient can endure sweating his condition will be the better Touching the Wound diseases or the Wound gall which by some are judged to be a kind of the plague the patients condition is the worse if these are at hand if the patient cannot endure to sweat then is he in a worse condition and is in great danger Further Symptomes he is not able to undergoe and therefore I leave to speak of any more These things you heare do befall wounds exiccated by the Suns heat the like befals other wounds by the Ayre and Wind whereby they are exiccated also insomuch that they are left bloudless The occasion and condition whereof may be learned of the patient Viz. how long it is since the vvind and the air Signs of exiccated wounds got into the Wound if not then the follovving signes must be regarded the vvound is dry and doth not bleed unless being toucht it vveepeth a little the skin of it being shrunk and its lips turned if an anger is in it then it gapeth vvide and that is accompanied vvith smarting pains it gapeth sometimes so wide as if it were ready to split in two If in such a Wound the great muscle of an utter joint be hurt and a sinew cut in tw◠and the joint also be much hurt or the scull of the head is cut then the condition of the wound is the worse because many simptoms are like to meet Viz. the Wound Inflamation on which the Cold fire attendeth the Wound disease and Wound feavers Gout and Cramp c. The cure of such a Wound is this Viz. ℞ well scummed Honey ℥ 4 Aeris viridis ℥ ss Vinegar ℥ 3 raw liquor of Ointment for exiccated wounds Vitriol ℥ ¼ mingle these boil it like an unguentum Aegyptiacum to a spissitude spread it on a long fine linnen thrust it down to the bottom of the Wound provided it be not a head Wound for that must not be dealt so withal the one end of that linnen must hang out of the Wound for the easier puling of it out when occasion serveth The wound must be filled up with that ointment then a stiptick plaister to be applyed upon Then take of the oyl of white Turpentine or spirit of Terpentine one part
have observed that if too much of any of the said Ingredients were taken that it never brought any good that flesh which in the healing should come on they quite burn it away causing the running of the Joint water It is better the medicines be rather to weak than too strong and may easily be observed in wounds that it is so if notice be taken You must observe let it be a warning how much the wound doth receave of the medicine in digesting of it that thereby you may know what distance of time you are to keep for the next dressing all this you must be sure of and not to go by guesse for here it doth not hold to say my Receipt is good you must have judgement both of wounds and of Receipts whether they affect each other Of Vnguentum Anodynum This Unguent is made several waies of which I do not intend to speak because I know no reason why I should Anodynum make use of in fresh wounds and what good it should be for neither have I made use of Unguentum Populeon for Unguentum Populeon the same reason finding no good it doth to wounds I will onely speak here of Anodynum the which I advised you above you should make use of to be applyed to the Wound-gall to allay the extream heat in the wound by To kill the wound-gal force and without further means to kill the Wound-gall Take the juice of Nightshade and of Hisciamus ana â„¥ 2 of the water of Froggs spawn â„¥ 6 the juice of Cicuta â„¥ 1 of good Vinegar â„¥ 3 of Honey â„¥ 8 mingle these heat it in a pan over a coal fire stir it well for two or three hours long then set it over the fire boil it and scum it well press it through a cloth cast away the dreggs keep the rest instead of Honey you may take Butter or Oyl as you please Of the Cramp Vnguent The description of this Unguenr you had above in the Chapter of pains in wounds where I let it rest not speaking of it here But how those Oyls ought to be prepared which are used unto it I count it needless to tell of it because the preparation of such are commonly known Though I know a readier way for their preparation yet I hold it unseasonable now to speak of it When I publish any more of my writings then will I be mindful of it and impart also many other metalline medicines which I make use of for wounds which are the soveraignest medicines against spoiled wounds and are a great many of such I never spoke of yet whereby the Reader may understand that it is a thing of high concernment to have medicaments and medicines well prepared a thing most necessary for Surgeons to know because their medicines must bring to right again such wounds which have been spoiled through salving annointing and the like dawbings Of the brown Vnguent for wounds which I have made mention of so often Courteous Reader I have made several mentions of this Brown Unguent brown Unguent and advised you to use it to wounds especially to joint wounds assoon as you fear in the least manner the coming of any simptom into it I laid the cure For what use of joint wounds on this Unguent held it good for all wounds and counselled Surgeons to make use of it Therefore I held it necessary to describe it orderly by reason of its great vertue It preventeth and driveth away all simptomes cleanseth wounds and furthereth their healing mightily it keeps off inflamation opposeth forcibly all malignant corroding humors This Unguent may be boiled to a hardness to make wicks or tents of it to convey them to the bottom of deep wounds or stabs where it melteth by degrees laying a clean foundation for healing opposing all contrary things All these you will find in the practice better than How and when it is used I am able to express here But as in all other things so in this also a moderate use is to be observed Use it not every day especially when the wound is in a good state and not use it unless there be occasion for it or necessity require it of the which I gave you notice above Make it thus Take Scrophularia Hedera terrestis Celandine Speedwell ana one handful cut these small put it in a glass pour on it good Wine Vinegar to cover the Hearbs set it in a warm place let it stand in digestion a week strain the Vinegar and put the Hearbs in a bag to press them out so that the Hearbs be dry fling them away and keep the Vinegar Then take of Vitriol lb 2 calcine it in the following To prepare the red Vitriol manner put it in an earthen pot let it dissolve then dry it increase the fire let it be red hot for an hour together it will be red break this pot take out the Vitriol and put it into another pot pour more Vinegar upon and let it boil a little after that put a quart of water to it boile one moyty of it away this being done let it stand a while then cant off this red water into another pot and the remaining feces on the bottom pour another quart of water boil the moyty of it away and the water being ting'd red cant it off iterate it so long till the Vitriol tingeth the water no more These off-canted waters must be put into a glass body and evaporated to a dryness then the Vitriol on the bottom appeareth red make this red Vitriol in a new pot red hot and being thus red hot you cast it in a pot full of rain water there let it dissolve vapour away this water also and the tinged water you put into another glasse on the feces pour fresh water and this tinged water you put to the other tinged water iterate it a third time or as long as the Vitrioll tingeth any water these feces fling away the tinged water must be evaporated that the Vitriol lye dry on the bottom as formerly it did make it red hot in a Crucible and proceed also as you did with the former that Vitriol being dryed then is it prepared and is sweet on the tongue pulverise this Vitriol take of it â„¥ 2 and put of the out-prest Vinegar from the Hearbs â„¥ 3 to it adde to it of phlegme of Vitriol â„¥ 2 of scummed Honey â„¥ 6 of Flores aeris â„¥ 1 and a ¼ of an ounce boil these to a spissitude of an Electuary then is it ready prepared Flores aris are prepared thus â„ž Verdigriece â„¥ 1 ss pulverise Flowers of â—â—s it pour on it of distilled Vinegar â„¥ 7 ss let it stand the Vinegar will be tinged green cant off the Vinegar the feces being done away abstract that Vinegar in a glass body then the Verdigriece lyeth green on the bottom fairer than it was at first This is that aes Viride half an ounce of it doth more
distinction is to be had of a Summer and of a Winter Season touching heat and cold And I mentioned it onely for that end that every one may see that it is fit Surgeons should observe such distinctions about persons and still be regulated after the form and condition of things as well in the diet as elsewhere Touching the said diet some have that custom as soon Abuses in diet forbidden and commanded as they have got a Patient into their hands presently forbid him Wine Beer and all good Meats and make Decoctions for him which are very unsavoury and would make a sound body sick however some meats are forbidden as Cabbage Coleworts Pork and Bacon all manner of water Fowls and Fishes because these are of hard digestion and give no good nourishment to the body and such food is allowed which nourisheth well A certain Physitian forbidding all meats to his Patient was asked what his Patient should eat then He said young boyled Cocks he was laughed at What diet is good for a wounded party Use him like a Woman that lies in according to the custome of the several Countries and I declare it further not onely in general but in particular also as much as concerns eating and drinking Concerning the meats let the wounded suffer no hunger and what he hath a mind too let him have it in case it be not hurtful to him observing the sex age and climate of the Land as you heard above Neither ought the Patient to be forced to eat this and that which goeth and is against his stomack that Nature may not be opprest whereby danger would be caused And this must be observed when the Patient hath a stomack to eat For sometimes Patients have lost their stomack in such a case what is to be done Then endeavour to give him some Cordials to corroborate his stomack But in case the Patient will take none Then apply stomack-plaisters and use the oil of Nutmegs Mace I will set down how to make good broth for the wounded to strengthen his stomack withal Take a Hen or in want of that a piece of lean Flesh cut Good Pottage for the wounded it in pieces put it in a pot put Calmus Cinnamon and Salt to it as much as will season it lute the pot and let it boyl for three hours in a sufficient quantity of water at the opening of it you will have good broth pleasant to the Patients stomack or boil and roast such things as you shall think fitting for him Touching his drink wounded men being alwayes more His drink dry than hungry having lost much blood their Liver striveth to have that want supplied besides bloud is like a food to the Wound and drink generates bloud and the more bloud the drink breeds the sooner the Wound healeth Hence you may note that the wounded must have drink sufficient and let him not suffer thirst or keep him not too dry as some usually do for thereby mischiefs are caused as daily experience witnesseth But the distinction mentioned at the beginning of this Chapter ought to be well observed and let the drink be neither too hot nor too cold and not too much Salt to be used ye may permit him small Wine to drink which is very good for such parties especially when the party hath lost much bloud but no Wine is to be permitted if the Wound be mortal and in the head or any great Wound of the body be it inward or outward The same rule is to be kept in such Countries which affordeth but Beer Let the drink be what it will the Patient ought to be kept in a cool temper rather than in a hot in which case Barly water is of good use I advise no wounded party to drink great draughts at a No great draught good for them time for such hasty drinking oppresseth the Liver which is hot and dry and would prove no better then when oyl is poured into fire to quench it withall and thereby the Liver would be obstructed and hindered in her sending forth nourishment to the rest of the members as being opprest and hindered in her operation which would cause great inconveniences and a slime would settle about the Liver and choak her and being thus obstructed how can the veins receive any bloud and you may easily guess what the issue would be Touching other things the Surgeon ought to observe Hasty motion hurtful that the Patient do not stir and move too hastily whereby great pains would be occasioned unto him as the Gout Falling Sickness Feaver Cramp Inflammation and such like are caused by such violent motions chiefly let wounded parties not practise Venereous lusts whereby the worst accidents are caused A Surgeon observing all these things carefully then there is hope by Gods help of good success in his Art for the good of his Patient and the Patient also ought to behave himself accordingly For all dorh not lie in the teaching but in the learning also For if a Patient be unruly not caring for the Surgeons instruction but fall on gourmandizing and drunkning then no good is to be looked for because the Patient refusing all natural helps like a Swine trampling on Pearls cannot expect any cure and the Surgeon looseth his credit and reputation and all his pains he bestowed will be in vain CHAP. IV. Of three accidents commonly befalling wounded men a weak stomack a stoppage in the urine and not going to stool how these are to be remedied WOunded men are subject unto many Diseases as Experience sheweth among the rest there are three things which commonly befall wounded men First a Patient that hath lost much bloud hath a weak stomack which keeps not his meat nor digesteth it but vomiteth it up whereby he falls into great danger and the Wound shuts not nor is it fed naturally and the healing is put back Besides this his urine also is stopt and can hardly make any water whereby inflammations and other mischiefs are occasioned Lastly the wounded are bound in their body cannot go to stool and this usually befals wounded men whereby gripings in the belly are caused these three accidents must be helped in the following manner Touching the stomack to help him to right that he may To help the vomiting keep his meat make use of this following Receipt Take Mint Wormwood ana M 1. Ginger Calmus and Nutmegs cut small anaÊ’ ss boyl these in Wine and Water for an hour together then take a great sponge or in want of it a four doubled cloth dip it in the foresaid boyled liquor press it out again and apply it hot to the stomack his vomiting will be stayed this must be iterated twelve times a day and will cause an appetite Vomiting is not very dangerous and is stayed sometimes of its own accord and is not much to be regarded unless it hold the Patient vehemently then is it time to help him Touching the stopping of the urine
at a little piece But if a Nose or Ear is altogether grown cold at the stitching be not amazed but stitch it on and warm it with warmed Wine in which is laid Sanicle or Housleek and being well heated then apply it afterward dress it like a soft Wound and being healed to a skin then let a scurfe grow upon it will heal the Nose finely Wounds on Chins heal easily and freely if they be not cut downward and need no stitching but if a flap hangs Chin-wounds down then set two stitches But as was said by the Nose and Ear-wounds to prevent ugly scarrs which stitches usually leave behind let them be ripped up again Plaisters which cling hard ought not to be laid to Chin-wounds whereby the tender and young healing would be broken again at the taking off the plaister No great advantage to be used at the healing of such Wounds being they are of a free healing Wound-waters made of Honey and Wine are of good use for such Wounds In case the jaw bone be displaced by a blow it ought first of all to be put in the right place such Wounds by reason Cheek-wounds of the jaws constant motion do heal very hardly not so easie as those in the Cheeks Use no greasie things to these Wounds which would cause naughty flesh if not quite a fistulo the manual herein is to let the cure rest on a good strong Wound-plaister which will do it Apply that Plaister warm and well covered and let the Patient gargarize twice or thrice a day as occasion serveth With this ℞ Of Wine lb 1. of Water lb 4. of Oak leaves ℥ 1. burnt Allom 31 white Vitriol 3 ss Mingle these let it have a strong walm This Gurgarisme if the sooner used keeps off proud flesh and suffers no thing to grow in the Wound This following wound-Wound-water is to be used also ℞ Of Cousolida major Oak leaves ana M 2. boyl these in two quarts of Water boyl some part of it away let it cool let the Patient wash his mouth with it luke-warm and he will be healed quickly No Coolers are used to Eye-wounds made of the white of Eggs as usually they do neither is Turnip water good Eye-wounds which would make the Eyes sore which abuse is very common I have known some which held themselves great Surgeons who held it for a great Master-piece to outrun the Eye in a short time and kill the heat therein But this is a horrible skill to spoil folks eye sight these men little think upon Nature and how little do they regard her help Better wayes are to be considered of for the Eye-wounds are very dangerous To use cooling things and to apply them outwardly is adviseable some way and I intend to describe something also For the Eyes are slimy and love slimy things If you have an Eye-wound in cure use this Collyrium though metalline things are more pleasant and proper ℞ Oyle of white Lillies oyle of Roses Honey water Verdigreice or rather take the oyle of Ceruse which is better I say the oyle of Ceruse is an approved thing in Eye-wounds if you have not this then make use of the other These things outhgt to be had in readiness for they are vertuous and effectual in such cases I knew a Citizen at Strasburg whose apple and stars of his Eye was wounded his sight was recovered though not so perfectly as he had it before the Wound even by that oyle of Ceruse Vnguentum Mucilaginis put into the wounded Eye with a spattle will clear the sight ℞ Foenugreek Althea Consolida major steeped in Oak-leave water or Celendine water as also a red sour Apple boyled in Wine and Water ana Item Apply the Collyrium luke-warm But in case there be a great heat therein then cooling things are to be used viz. whites of Eggs Rose water Bole on linnen the following things are good also Whites of Eggs spawn of Frogs Nightshade water Rose water Lastly if great pains be in them then use this following Albumen ovi Succus hyosiami Opium Coquantur s a. If a party hath received a Wound in the Eye apple or the Eye hath received some other Wound then in the first place note that wounded Eyes must have drying things and so the Medicaments must be made accordingly The metalline ones of whom hereafter I hold to be the best Courteous Reader I will conceal nothing but faithfully impart that which I found experimentally If an Eye be wounded this is the Secret I know and is of A Secret for wounded Eyes great use in many other cases ℞ Virgins Honey which of its own accord is fair and clear and need not to be more clarified lb ss mingle with it the juyce of fresh red Roses ℥ 4. pulverised white Vitriol ℥ ss Verdigreice ℥ ¼ put all these in a glass body distill it in Balneo Mariae you receive two waters the first and the last this last is the better of the two of these waters you may safely drop two drops into the Eye Afterward take one part of this water and the mucilage of Foenugreek ana break to it the yolk of an Egg beat these well together warm it a little spread it on a doubled cloth apply it to the Eye all pains will be gone at the third or fourth application and will come to healing The mucilage of Foenugreek is made thus ℞ Foenugreek purely beaten ℥ ss pour on it of Rose water ℥ 2. you may add to it Fennel Celendine and Eye-bright Eye-plaste◠or Collyrium water let these stand a while in a heat it turneth to a mucilage which must be prest through a cloth and used as you heard Some use also Gum Tragant and Gum Arabick with Henbane Dayly experience will produce more and better things than may now be written if you apply this slimy plaister first moisten the wounded place with oyle of Roses and blew Violets that the plaister may not stick to the skin that afterward you need not to take it off forcibly especially when great anger is therein Take heed that of this plaister nothing come into the Eye though it be no hurt but onely biteth The heat and anger being removed then the next and best that I know is the red oyle of Ceruse drop two or three drops into the eye and round about the outside annoint the place with the white oyl of Ceruse it is a marvellous healer and true metalline cooler clarifying the eyes and preventing other simptoms This is generally used for the eyes and found never a better And with these onely by Gods help I undertake to heal swelled beaten and wounded Eyes and eye-lids though they be never so much bloudshed and full of congealed bloud How is the oil of Ceruse made With distilled Vinegar The red oil which I commend so much is made thus ℞ Ceruse lb 1. well grinded pour on it distilled Vinegartwice drawn the first running is put by and the last
then there is no need of the Defensive Plaister because it doth not alwayes good Annoint then the Patient with warmed oyls of Cammomil of Rose oyl mixed with a little Saffron or annoint the Patient round with Gray s grease his Neck and Back bone and the Wound also and look carefully to the business Govern the party in his diet as you were told at the Head-wounds Keep him from cold and air and let him be quiet and not stir much and be temperate in eating and drinking You may apply also to his Wound a Sandel plaister which I call the red Sandel plaister with these things you proceed in the cure till you come to a perfect healing These wounds being very subject to simptoms and among Note the signs by reason of dangerous simptomes as Cramp joynt water the rest to the joynt-water which in the whole body is no where so dangerous as it is about the Neck and Throat especially when a Cramp fals into therefore you have cause to look the better to it and to prevent such accidents But how you must behave your self touching the joynt and sinew water and against the Cramp also with the brown Ointment you shall find direction for it in the third part of this Book or else in some other place Touching Throat-wounds these you must trouble as little Throat-wounds with Tents and with the Seeker as the other in the Neck Proceed thus If you have a Throat-wound in cure True proceeding where the bloud issueth forth mainly so that there is fear that a bloud vein hath been hurt or that the swallow and Throat be cut then note if the Wound or Stab be deep or shallow neer the Ear then you may stitch it but not slightly as commonly is done but must be drawn strongly together cross-way so that neither breath nor bloud can get out then apply to the Wound an Opodeldoch with a defensive plaister upon which is described also in its due place this do so long till the anger be past Having drawn the Wound together with that stitching then is it requisite that you have a good Medicine which penetrate with its vertue and that is the Magnetick plaister which is described in Books of Decoctions truly that will draw all matter you need not to use any other thing to the Wound but onely apply this plaister great and thick Let it not trouble you which way the matter in these wounds goeth for Throat-wounds afford not much corruption and the Opodeldoch is of that quality that it leaveth not much uncleanness behind If the Wound be great and wide so that you fear it may not be stitch'd that way then let it alone for common stitches will not hold in this case and keep in the bloud from issuing forth therefore make use of a Bloud-stencher and proceed further as you did with other perillous Wounds and if you use any plaisters hereto then spread it thick that the air may press the less thorough for the swallow is a substance which can endure no air at all But if the throat be hurt at the side then do not stitch it especially if the Wind-pipe or swallow be in pieces for if a swelling should be incident the patient will be choaked or perish in his food And if the Wound be not great or deep then do not stitch it and draw much flesh into it would cause an ugly upcast scarr For at the Throat usually happen gross scarrs and therefore take heed of many stitches there and of too much flesh and if-you can endeavour to heal it up to a scurfe for if you suffer the flesh to grow freely and high then the scarr will be as big as a great nut therefore be not neglective in the preventing the simptom betimes else it may be too late to undertake the opposing of it you ought not to put into the Wound any Salve oyl or Tent for it may as little endure any Tent as the Back bone by reason of the variety of sinews which are in the Throat It being a thing more usual in Throat-wounds that swellings Gargarism are incident whereby soon great sorrows and troubles are caused therefore is it requisite that there be used besides the defensive Plaister a Gargarism not onely the sooner to further the healing of the Wound but to asswage also the pains And if there be not heat at hand then take Wine else do you take Water lb 3. put one hand of Mallow seed boil a third part away which being done then strain it through a clean cloth put thereto of Honey â„¥ 2. boyl it again after you scummed it put it in a pewter dish put to it of Storax Calamintha â„¥ ¼ and so let it stand for your use Some add a little Cinnamon which cannot be amiss Let the Patient use this water several times a day it will not onely further the healing but ease him of his pain and keep off rheumes This Gargarism may safely be used also in Head-wounds and is effectual alwayes Touching the joynt-water when that commeth then carry If the joint-water comâ—â— with pain your self as you shall be instructed in the Chapter about the joint-water And if accompanied with great pains then take notice of the causes and signs thereof that you may know whether the Prunella or inflammation be either at hand or coming on and if it doth signifie the Wound sickness or any other thing then proceed as you shall be informed All such that are troubled with such deep Neck and If a heat comes Throat-wounds and endure great pains then use smarting plaisters it will ease them One thing more in case the Patient feeleth great heat either in the Head or in the Face and by reason of it feareth the Prunella the Wound-sickness or other such like then phlebotomize the Patient chiefly under the Tongue if it may conveniently be for such phlebotomy cooleth much both Head and Throat taking away all the heat quencheth thirst opposeth many simptoms and maketh the Wound forward unto healing therefore neglect not Phlebotomy in these Wounds if need not else These veins you may safely open in Head-wounds where any heat is felt surely it will not be fruitless CHAP. XI Of Wounds at the Breast how a Surgeon ought to behave himself there TO speak of Breast-wounds I mean not small slight Wounds which require no singular great cure being Of Breast-wounds without danger By Breast-wounds I understand the first part of the Ribs If a party be wounded there and the Wound is not gone through the body then no great danger to be feared and upon that you ought to deal as usually is done to common Wounds For those Wounds which deeply run into the body are very dangerous It fals out in such wounds that the stab doth not go deep into the wound and yet one of the inner members is wounded Sometimes a party is run quite thorough and yet no internal part wounded Let the
the matter Objections answered Let not that trouble you it is consumed and expelled through the Opodeldoch and further removed by stool with the help of Medicaments Where you may note also that the Breast-wound being healed loosen and thrust off the stitches and leave a passage whereby the matter can pass and run out And before that is done the Wound is well set and healed and the fear is the less in that particular provided that the Patient be still kept as he should as you heard above Why do you not stitch other Wounds also Objection Marvel not at it These Wounds have room enough to yeeld their matter which other Wounds in outward joynts and members have not CHAP. XII Of some particular simptems which are incident unto Breast-wounds how Surgeons ought to behave themselves here BReast-wounds have simptoms incident to them more than other Wounds have which in this place I will mention Breast-wounds have many simptoms in particular For touching other common simptoms of Wounds of them in its place you find sufficient instruction In the antecedent Chapter I have told you that you ought How to do when a tent is gotten into the wound or body not to use any Tents in Breast-wounds nor any other ravelings and the like rags for a reason alledged There are some Surgeons found who use their tents in an ignorant way and gross mistake and put such like things into Wounds which afterward are sucked in by the breath of the Patient into the Breast and the Patient is thereby brought into extream danger I have seen such Patients who having drawn and suck'd such tents into the body dyed of it Therefore have a care that you use no flat and round tents untied unless you guard them well nor make any such tents as if you would heal therewith another hole There is no need of any tent but onely of a Salve and Plaister and by a nimble and quick dressing keep out the wind air and cold Others that use Cataplasmes or linnen dipt in warm Wine I leave them to their old custom for many Surgeons that are experienced use them and my Writings are not for them but onely for Novices If any such Wounds comes to be cured by you then stitch it closely that it have no vent for the Wound will get vent before you shall be pleased with it Be diligent and quick in healing which if you do it not quickly you will hardly do it afterward And let the Patient have a vulnerary potion over and above for these are such Wounds where the bones are hewed and cut thorough and help Nature that way Wounds that are before are more dangerous than those behind Use no tents nor searchings in the Wounds for you will meet with difficulties enough make you all the haste with the healing make use of the green Salve and Wound-plaister these are sufficient bind and dress it well I have never made use of warm Wine nor of any Cataplasm because I know it will keep not long warm though it be applied so In case some mischief should happen by the falling in of something into the Breast or Back-wound and you are sure that something is fallen in then look whether you can see it and set the Patient into a very dark place light a great candle being of Wax hold it directly at or over the Wound then you may see better into the Wound then when the Sun shineth feel not and search not into the Wound if you never felt into the Wound then you may if it be fit if not then this is the best advise viz. Make a Lavament of Liquorice let it run gently into the Wound through a Sirenge that the in-fallen thing be not stirred the patient must keep in his breath and then let it go gently Or take Water and Wine ana dry Rose leaves a few Cammomils and Mallows boyl these together pour it out being settled cant it off use the clear make it luke-warm wash the Wound with it several times though some of it comes into the body it doth no hurt and is consumed and cometh forth when you let the rest run out of the Wound Having used this Water to the Wound then let the Patient suddenly cough then the water will partly run out of the Wound and bring forth that also which is fallen in which you can take hold on and draw it out fully if that will not do it then place the Patient with the Wound downward that the water may run out then look to it whether there be not a partition at hand before you set the Patient upright This water you may use safely for it will not hurt the body at all This is the onely remedy which I know in this particular is used which if it will not help and the ravelings stay in the body then nothing else is expected but a miserable chronical disease which will produce nothing but death of the which I told you also formerly You see the reason why such dangerous abused attempts upon wicks and tents should be shunned Patients in this case are commonly plagued with a cough A Cough is hurtful to breast-wounds The remedy for it which is extreamly dangerous and chiefly in Breast-wounds Therefore great care ought to be had to resist it with convenient means either before or after purposely prepared which are to be given to the Patient either in a Potion or otherwise Some Apothe caries shops afford the like as Morsali iriâ—s morsali diatrag acauthi frigidi and such like Item Lohooh sanum made of Foxes lungs item Sirrups of Hysop and Liquorice c. every Surgeon should know what is to bedone herein Some Surgeons use pectoral Potions which are good Pectoral potions and not to be rejected but thus much I say distinction is here to be used because these are not good to all Wounds indifferently therefore I will set down some which are good in this particular A Patient being troubled with a Cough and is put thereby True pectoral potions into some danger then â„ž Liquorice â„¥ 1. Annise seed â—â—isius Hysop and â„¥ ss Speed wel Lungwort and â„¥ â— 4 Water lb 7 ss Boyl all these together so that there remain lb 3. strain it through a cloth put to it of Honey lb ss boil it a little more scumming it well let the Patient drink of it mornings and evenings it will do him good Another which is good also â„ž Liquorice â„¥ 2. Mallows Another â„¥ 1. Walwort â„¥ ¼ Water lb 8. boyl these to lb 5. strain it through a cloth fling away the rootand hearbs put to this water of Raisins â„¥ 3. Sobesten â„¥ ¼ Jujuben â„¥ ¼ Lungwort Maidenhair ana â„¥ 1. Annise seed â„¥ 2. boyl these to lb 3. strain it and dulcifie it with Honey and Sugar and minister it as you heard Note these Breast-potions must be thus prepared that urine thereby be provoked being the Lungs or other parts are
several and different so their Cures also Difference in Wounds must be according Some Wounds are cured onely with outward means if timely and orderly used other Wounds require also inward Medicaments without which they are not cured Therefore vulnerary Potions which I shall teach you are not to be rejected to expel the filth from the bloud and flesh Touching the Patients diet you heard of it before which I will not repeat here onely let me tell of the Medicaments I made mention of formerly how they ought to be prepared To make Coolers To make the Cooler do thus â„ž Honey lb 2. the juice of Housleek lb ss juice of Crefishes five ounces Rose Vinegar six ounces phlegm of Vitriol five ounces mingle all these scum it well in the boyling let it be a little thinner then Honey thus is it right The juice of Crefishes is made thus â„ž Oflive Crefishes lb 1. beat them in a morter press out the sap Phlegm of Vitriol is the distilled water from Vitriol at the drawing off the spirit of it Of these in the Chapter of Cramp and Palsie c. more shall be spoken This is a good Cooler it quencheth the fire presently it must stand and go no further and the fire must separate the sooner from the sound part It is not onely good against the fire the Gun-powder left in the Wound but other burnings also caused by Wood Water Oyl Iron Tin Lead Gold c. if the burnt place be annointed with it then a stiptick Plaister applied to it will do very well This fire being quenched and the pain allayed then milder Medicines must be used which mitigate the Wound and help to expel the rest I will teach you one or two I made use of my self â„ž Wax four ounces melt it on a gentle fire add to it of fresh Butter one ounce of Lin seed oyl two ounces all these being well melted then pour it forth into a pewter dish in which be water of plantain or Roses stir it well about make it hot again consume away the Water pour it again into the dish stir it well about then set the dish on a place to warm stir it still then all the water will be gone stir among it of Bole half an ounce then is the Ointment prepared for to get out the fire let it lie as deep as it will the Wound must be often drest with it at the beginning and the Plaister before spoken of applied to it Another cooling Ointment which quencheth not onely the fire but draweth it out also but it is not so good against Another Cooler the burning caused by Gun-powder as that which is prepared with Honey Make it thus â„ž Lin seed and Hemp seed-oyl ana lb ss Oyl of Poppy seed four ounces mingle these Oyls beat them put a spoonful of Vinegar to it let it cool some feces will settle to the bottom which cleanly must be separated from the Oyls Then â„ž of Wax three ounces melt and mingle it with a quarter of an ounce of white Amber put these among the Oyls then is your Ointment prepared Thus much of cooling Ointments because it is known enough how cooling Ointments are made It happeneth sometimes that though the fire be quenched and expelled yet the Wound doth not heal and is at a stand In such a case use the following remedy In case the Wound healeth not â„ž Gray Calmy stone and Tutia Alexandrina or a Calmy cake ana one ounce grind them small put it in a Crucible let it stand in a glowing heat for an hour then pour it into good Vinegar let it cool there which being done then take it out set it again into a glowing heat and then let it cool then take the juyce of Nightshade two ounces of Litharge of Silver a quarter of an ounce oyl of Roses half a pound of Wax four ounces of Frankincense one drachm mingle all these and make an Ointment of it There are many Simples found also which take out the Simples that are good also in that case fire and are of a sanatife quality viz red and white Colewort Soladel and many more of that kind And some Animals also are good viz. Frogs Geese c. of these I speak no more here Surgery being of a greater concernment with the Manuals and Experience in it more than great prating come too An expert Surgeon according to skill and Experience will Manuals Experience is best in Surgeons find more things than conveniently may be set down in writing when where and how is to order and alter his Medicines and to make them milder or stronger This I will teach you how the aforesaid Saltpeter is to be To prepare Saltpeter for Wounds made by shot prepared for Wounds made with shot and how Tents are to be made and used because the preparation is not known to every one First touching the Saltpeter its preparation is thus its naughty humidity is to be taken from it and a better restored to it that it may safely be used for the good of the Patient it is of a good scent it quencheth thirst it allayeth heat provoketh urine and is endowed with many good qualities not known to every one It s preparation is thus â„ž Of the purest clarified Peter two ounces put it in a pot and make a circular fire about let it be melted it being melted put a little quantity of purified Sulpher to it that being flamed away then cast more into till a quarter of an ounce be burnt in it the Sulpher clarifieth the Peter and when it is purified enough cast it forth and pulverise it and put it into a Bag or Manica Hypocratis put Rose water to it and make a Lixivium this Lie boyl away half let it cool and shoot into Cristals which you keep for use boil away the moiety of the remaining water let it cool and shoot again pulverise the Cristals keep them from the air in a glass for use The Tents formerly mentioned are made thus â„ž The juyce of Speedwel rectified through Wooll two ounces Gum Tragacanth purely beaten half an ounce mingle and reduce it to a pap let it stand in a warm place it will be like dough then take lint of Silk roul it in this pap on a pewter plate and keep these Wicks for use Note these must be made of a pretty bigness because in their drying they grow less when they are dry and you have need to use them then take one cover it with your cooling Ointment ' and put it into the Wound the Wick will swell in it and the Tragacanth attracteth all the moist filth which at one time with such a Wick you may get out of the Wound The lint the Wick is made of must hang out of the Wound to be pulled out thereby else it may be lost in the Wound Use the Wicks so long till the Wounds are cleansed and the heat and anger of it be past Some
the mindlemost I made the first knot then I could see how it would fit whether there be too many of the splinters or two few and placed them as I saw it fitting then I laid the uppermost band where I could see the better whether it would be too much or too little that knot I pulled hard together because it will still yeild and slacken at last I laid the lowermost band then commonly the middlemost was tied too slack which I opened and pulled it as hard as I thought it would hold the Fracture without hurting the Joynt and the Fracture be kept from stirring These three bands hold the Fracture and if dressed and bound otherwise it doth no good Thus much of splinters A Surgeon ought to have two roulers or at least one Of the Roulers though there be no need of them yet they must be had in store and great pieces of spread plaisters seven or eight and a number of all sorts of splinters short long crooked and plain ones for to flap-Wounds you must have several sorts according as they are made Roulers must be made not too broad and must run with the threed or Wool and cut with the threed or tear them after the threed which is best and cut off the ravelings for some of them have hindered me much in the same manner you must cut even the plaisters and the splinters all the sides along for the smoother and plainer a thing is the better is it handled nor let the linnen be wrinkled or plated nor the plaisters neither and apply them plain and smooth and apply the plaisters straight for they will slacken fast enough when the splinters are pulled together wet your finger either with Water or with a little of the Ointment then the Plaister will not cling to your finger Then have a long Rouler at hand with two other ordinary Roulers as also five smal pieces cut from one end of the piece to the other and have your Surgeons box filled with necessaries viz. Raisor Spatule Sheers keep the box clean that you may in nothing be hindered have in readiness also a good piece of plaister in a box of Tin or Copper which being hard you may fling it into hot Water to soften it Have a good Knife also about you in case you have need to cut the splinters to a fitness also a Sponge and a threeded Needle and a piece of lint Besides the great Plaister which must be spread broad and thick you must have many smaller pieces whereby you may fill up places if need Therefore spread alwayes more Plaisters than you think you shall have use for Item Be provided with Stitch-plaisters bolsters or bags filled with chaffe Provide also Fracture plaisters of the which hereafter is spoken and spread it on a strong cloath broad and long according to the bigness of the Fracture and you must be provided also with ordinary Plaisters made of two parts of Wax one part of Turpentine and one part of Suet and spread them thick and broad as the first Plaisters are lastly you must have in readiness also broad linnen as you shall hear all these things named are necessary for to dress a Fracture The above-mentioned Fracture-plaisters make thus How to make Fracture-plaisters â„ž Clear white Resine no hard glass Resine lb 2. Cyprus Turpentine lb ss melt these together gently and not boil it put to it of Barba hirci four ounces which Hearb must be pulverised stir it so long together till it be almost cold Thus is the Salve made if you will spread it on a cloath then pour on it boyling hot Water then is it plyable to be spread I like this Plaister better than the before-named ordinary The vertue of this plaister Cataplasmes or Drier For it sticketh close to the skin stirs not in haste even as splinters also applied to the Fracture must not stir This Plaister draweth forth the moisture from broken bones and ligaments and maketh their gluten stiffe and strong through the vertue of the Resine which is the true external Balsam unto bones and ligaments For this Resine draweth forth the superfluous moisture which the bones cast up and coagulateth the on-growing the sooner and maketh it come together and then the said Hearb Barbahirci is an extraordinary healer far beyond other Wound-hearbs Indeed Comfrey Walwort Sanicle Bistorta have their vertues also in the joyning the bones together but not comparable to this Resine true they draw forth the filth from flesh and bloud but to get out the matter out of the bones they are not strong enough much less is Terra sigillata and Bolus of that vertue true all these are great driers but have no power to extract things that lie deep To heal with greasie things is nought I will say nothing here of those which use to broken bones several fat and greasie things there is no reason to defend what they do whose actions I reject as nought for many reasons Oyls Waters Lies c. are not to be used For no man that is swelled ought to be wetted drying things are good for him I disswade here the use of Oyls and Ointments though they be more pleasant to Mans body than Lies or Waters Before I come to the handling of the Fracture I will first inform the courteous Reader how many sorts of Fractures there may happen unto Mans body then will I speak of them in particular where you shall faithfully be informed in things that I have found in my practise to the good and comfort of poor Patients and Surgeons It happeneth many times that the foremost part of the Arms bones are broken sometimes the uppermost great bone or Shin and sometimes the lesser bone and sometimes both these are broken and sometimes the upper part of the Shin hath a Scissure and sometimes the Arm or Hand is bowed or dislocated and may be set right again even as a stick bowed may be made straight sometime their Fracture breaks through the skin at the end of it and are apparent to the eye In brief there are several sorts of Fractures in these places all which are known by the practise as that part above the Elbow and those below the Knee and who can remember all such accidents sometimes a bone in the Finger is broken and another in the Shoulder or the Shoulder blade or the Neck bone or a Toe or the Knee-pan which sometime is split and broken I have had Patients whose Knee-pan was thorough cloven sometimes the Elbows-knockle is broken sometimes the gibbous part of the Hip as it befell mine own Child and grew halting of it sometimes the Ankles is off from the bone sometimes the bone of the Foot 's wrist is broken or that upon the Hand and sometimes the bones go asunder or raise yet are unbroken sometimes the Skull is broken and the bones and crissels of the Nose c. If the Patient hath a bowed Arm or Bone then
gravel or gout and in that respect such sort of swellings we take to partake of he same infirmity Such swellings cannot be allayed with annointing fomenting bathing c. For the matter which lyeth in the joint must be reduced again to water and so be drawn forth to which end this ensuing is allowed Take of Goats pisse lb 6 you may mingle Cowes pisse among it if you cannot have a sufficient quantity of the other distil it in sand through a Helmet the faeces staying in the bottom must be calcined in a Pot let it be cool pour the abstracted water from it upon the Calx make a lixivium of it evaporate that a salt you will find take this salt ad to it of kitchin salt ℥ 1 of the distilled pisse lb 3 and a sufficient quantity of well Water for to dissolve the salt to clear water all these must be boiled again so long that an Egg may swim in it then let it cool so much that you may endure to put your hand into Into this water let the party put the said swelled member or joint it will dissolve and allay those tartarous humors in a short time The same may be used to other parts also as to knees ancles elbowes where any such swelling appeareth after they have been healed CHAP. XVI Of Vulnerary Symptomes caused by bodily insirmities chiefly by the Pox or supprest Menstruum how these are to be dealt withal IT old formerly that Surgeons must observe what diseases their patients are subject unto or troubled withal that their medicines might be applyed adcordingly for these humors coincident to the wound require answerable cures I intend not to speak of all such Symptomes but will give onely a hint of one or other whereby the rest may be judged how they ought to be observed Some pocky people happily are wounded these do not love te hear much of that infirmity however they cannot Wounds of pocky folks be cured in their wounds as those which were not defiled with them for such pocky humors will take their course to wounds settle there and are usually obstructive to healing Surgeons have reason here to look to themselves how to cure such they may know there by the matter and the persons they have in hand First of all to cure such wounds things above said must be known and in case these will not be cured by ordinary dressings then other means must be taken in hand Note no Mercury is to be used to the symtomes of such wounds be it prepared for fixation or otherwise because Mercuries quality is to take away all impurities and if Mercury should be used to a wound of a pockyfied party that morbus would be rowzed and the party would be brought to deaths door The cure of such wounds is thus ℞ Flos aeris ʒ 1 crocus Martis ℥ ¼ Aloes Hepatick ℥ ss Myrrh Frankincense anaʒ ss Sallat oyle ℥ 4 Wax Terpentine ana ℥ ¼ melt the Wax Turpentine and Oyl with Vernice ℥ ½ then put the rest to it stir it well so long till it be cold Use this Ointment to the wounds apply a stiptick Plaister upon it it will heal the wound In case this said ointment should not prevail then use the red liquor of Vitriol to it which will inforce the wound unto healing and make it thus ℞ of Vitriol lb 2 purified with fresh rain water let it dry then calcine it to a yellowish colour then pour on it again fresh water lb 8 exiccate it again then set it into a Reverberatory to bring it to some rubification then put it in a glass pour on it rectified Aquavitae that it stand two fingers breadth over it which will tinge the Aquavitae to a redness Cant off this Aquavitae and pour other on it to be ting'd which put to the first This ting'd Aquavitae is to be extracted per Balneum a spissitude of honey remaining on the bottom on this must be poured fresh Alcool vinj to take out the tincture Cant of that purely and abstract the Alcool again in Balneo to a liquid form then is it prepared This liquor is of an attractive or to get her drawing quality is not corrosive and is a principal soveraign thing for spoiled wounds where bodily humors are like to be incident this may be safely used for spraines and other wounds received in warlick services A Gentleman not long agoe received a wound in his face who was pockified but would not hear of it the pocky humor faling into the wound did burn much and eat into some Surgeons being sent for they went about to use precipitated Mercury thereby to cleanse and keep the wound clean But what happened Morbus Gallicus was thereby rowzed and that humor was forced to come abundantly to the wound and the mouth was full of it also I being called thereunto soon found what was done and the patient was fain to yield to a pocky cure This example I quote to that end because some Surgeons Mercury not useful in many things suppose they can prepare Mercury so that he can be fitted like a Saddle for any horse little considering that Mercury is naught for fresh wounds be it as artificially prepared as ever it may because he is too searching which is not alwaies good in these waies Many other Symptomes do concur in patients one example I will quote which is very remarkable whereby A notable example of a woman others may be judged Anno 1590. not farre from Basell an honest Gentlewoman which shall go nameless was cutting a stick one time with a sharp knife but the stick breaking at her hard laying on she cut her hand near the joint flesh skin sinews veins all in pieces A Barbar Surgeon being sent for drest her and that cure went on well unto healing for twenty daies together as both the Surgeon and the Gentlewoman affirmed it now which of these two was faulty I cannot tell one night a humor fell into that wound running out of the wound like waterish bloud causing smarting paines The Barbar holding it to be the joint water used all the means he supposed to be good against it but did no good A Physitian and two other Surgeons were called these also counted it a joint water advising their remedies to be used to oppose it Here was affliction upon affliction and no ease or help the Gentlewoman had no rest neither by day nor by night and that continued for a whole week then the humor stayd and the party had some ease But that humor had corroded all that which was healed these twenty dayes her whole arm was much swelled and inflamed and with much adoe that wound was hardly brought to that state it was in in fourteen dayes so much was it come out of order They supposing now that all things were brought again into a good posture and that all dangers were past Behold four weeks after the said humor fell again into that wound causing as
spirit corroding the sinewes bringing them into putrifaction whereby great holes and pains are caused I have met with such a party who was hurt in his finger his Surgeon could not allay the joint water because the sinewes were corroded and eaten whereby holes got into the hand and from thence even to the elbow pieces of putrified sinews were taken out This joint water his Surgeon could not stay it run up into the arm further and came into the shoulder the party dyed miserably of it Here let Sugeons take notice not to set so slieght by the joint water and to stay it in time how that may be done you shall hear An expert Surgeon must not be terrified by the joint water because it is the excrement of sinews and white veins let him endeavour to stay it with proper medicines which if right and good they will stay it within five dayes and the running of it is chiefly caused by improper medicines applyed and by the patients disorderly life Note the joint water cannot be reduced to a corruption which among ignorant Surgeons hath begotten that fowle abuse which they commit in the staying of it and is still in practise for they suppose that it can be stayed with exiccating things therefore they used Terra sigillata Bolus calcined Shells bones of Pickrels Egg shells of new hatched Chickens vinegar of Sloes c. some being taught by the Hangman burnt Cotton wool and thurst it thus burning into the wound some use Cantharides whereby they make it known that they never knew what joint water meaneth else they would never go so dreamingly about so weighty a matter I must confess that the manuall is of as great consequence as any Receipt may be I reject none of the means which they have learned because the vehement course of the joint water requireth sometimes such hasty stenching But if such wounds be drest in the way I told you of the joint vvater needs not to be feared To stay the joint water you may best conceive by these examples in what manner it is done Examples A Carpenter hurt himself against a piece of Timber I know not in what manner he was drest at first the joint water run out abundantly at the wound and about the wound many holes fell in which the Barbar Surgeon drest alwaies with tents and in his thinking he had done well But the extraodinary pains grew so much on the patient that he was fain to change his Surgeon because he saw that things grew worse with him and he sent for me whom with good success upon Gods blessing I drest and cured thus I warm'd my brown ointment let it run into all the places of the wound filled them up therewith afterward I drest him vvith stiptick Plaister after the manner of an Opodeldoch that nothing may run out of the vvound this I iterated three times a day I kept the vvound vvarm also and applyed a defensive plaister This continuing a vvhile the joint vvater vvas stayed after that I vvent to healing and proceeded succesfully in the cure Note this Master piece accompanied vvith much advantage the brown Ointment a true Master-plece if you think the depth of the vvound be such that the bottom of it cannot be fill'd out every where vvith the ointment then take my brown ointment boyle it to such a spissitude that you may make tents of it â—hurst it to the bottom of the vvound cover it vvell that nothing of it get out again apply a stiptick Plaister to it the inthrust tent vvill melt in the vvound joyne vvith the joint vvater repelling it back and vvill stay it more than any other ointment made of greasie things for the joint water being humid receiveth not easily any greasie thing but expels it vvithout any operation done But that brovvn ointment made of Vitriol is not greasie and easily uniteh with the joint vvater and being sharp consumeth the tuffness in the humidity and vvorketh more effectually This is the mean and plain way whereby I stay the joint water making use of no other means in case no other Symptomes came into This is the reason why I mentioned so often this brown Ointment to be used against the joint water and other Symptomes You shall hear more of it hereafter when I come to describe how this brown Ointment is to be prepared CHAP. VI. Of the false Joint water that is when another humor is joined with the joint water whereby many Surgeons are deceived THere is no disease of the body which if a party be wounded will make shew of in the wound this maxime Wound-disease will not sink into many mens brains let experience cry never so loud By diseases the joint water or radical humor is falsified when other humors are mingled with it and are driven forth at the wound This deceiveth unexperienced Surgeons maketh theâ— misse in their cures I have seen Surgeons though they had good judgement in joint water yet such incident humors put them to great perplexity The joint water comes from white veins or sinewes and hath its colour as it is known if other sharp humors are Colour of joint-water what it signifieth joined with it then it looseth its own colour inclining to a whay-colour and is tuff like the white of an Egg sometimes it is of a â—uddy or flesh coluor sometimes it looks like oyle tinging the ravelings of linnen about the tents It is known by experience that the white colour of it brings the greatest danger commonly causing a Palsie to that member and the other humor joined with it hath its cause from the head The red matter which holdeth longest here intimateth a humor falling from the liver milt and reins The yellow water which causeth the greatest pains comes from the yellow Jaundice or from the gall If a Surgeon is about the staying of such a joint water and another humor be joined with it it is hardly repelled or stayed as long as these humors are joining with it Therefore Surgeons must endeavour to prepare their medicines Note the cure of the joint water accordingly that those humors coincident with the other may be taken away suppose the humor come from the head then the medicine must be Cephalical and so with the rest must be proceeded The manner of this cure is thus If a humor accompanieth white the joint water which came from the head then this subsequent remedy I found to be best for the party Viz. The fume of Storax Calamintha mingled with some Amber which the party took down at his mouth going to bed in a funible or pipe This may be used two or three dayes then look whether it do stay that white water if not then use it once more to cleanse the head the better of that white humor for that fume is very proper for the head item other specifica proper for the head may be used In the intrim let the wound be dressed as it
a hand or foot which did not much trouble me because it was frequent with me to have such cases for that pain upon slighter proceedings passed away after that I went on with rubbing and annointing and with Gods blessing the cure was performed For other sorts of withered parts which almost require one process make this Unguent â„ž Bucks grease â„¥ 1 Oyl of Bayes â„¥ 3 Oyl of Juniper â„¥ ss Oyl of Spicke Ê’ 1 Ointment for other â—onsumed parts Hoggs grease â„¥ 2 melt these together adde to it the following pulverised pieces of Savine â„¥ 1 Nettle seed â„¥ ss Alumen Plumosum â„¥ ss these well pulverised and stirred among the other are to be made to an Unguent This is used as the other was above related about withered members The poultesse above mentioned made of a Sheep or Calfes Gather is needless here and use here Oxycroceum instead of the plaister made of Wax I must needs speak here of faults ordinarily committed Abuse They usually take Gummi Euphorbium to Ointments against withered members which is here both useless and hurtful For it consumeth all natural heat in that member which is annointed with it it dilateth and dryeth up the skin which ought not to be at any withered or consumed member These men suppose because that Gum is hot therefore it is good here when it is no such matter True hot things ought to be used in such cases but those hot things must have a moist quality also to open the opilations of that member a contrary quality sheweth here that Gum. Many other things could be quoted here to be used against consumed members but I wave them being they are usual and known simptoms But the exiccation of a member is not known so well how it ought to be cured many abuses are committed in its cure and many dangers are caused by ignorant Surgeons I shall be the more exact in the description of such cures the rather because such exiccation may befall a member which was not wounded nor bereaved of its humiditie by the joint waters running A hot chollerick humor may fall into a member or joint whereby such exiccating heat may be caused natural moisture exhausted whereby a member consumeth away For such cases the ordinary Unguent against shrinkings are naught making the case rather worse than better There are other means found against withered members as hot Baths or Pepoirs c. Some Unguents Plaisters Aquavitae's c. There are also Topical medicines viz Levisticum gathered in Aprill when Soll entreth Aries and Other means against withered parts Ellebore niger and the like which sometimes prove effectual There are medicaments also which for that purpose may be used inwardly at the increase of the Moon but these are good against ordinary consumed members but not against exiccated ones as the Paracelsian Water made of Bloodwort which I have made use of and found it to do good Such like things are successefully used against withered members but this order ought to be kept also which you heard given about consumptions or spoiled members To speak really the Unguents are not so much regarded as their true preparation and careful application to work them strongly into the place affected Therefore let Surgeons use what they have learned and known in their practick applying things duely and discreetly therein lyeth the chiefest part of their judgement Note As long as a wound is not healed and great pains are in it a Surgeon will do little good unless the pains in the wound be removed In like manner if a member be out of joint the same must first of all be well set again if you do not so then your cure is in vain Nature desires to be unhindred in her course If in this manner you be carefull about a wound that no pain be caused nor any joint water running be obstructive then the less danger will be about the consumption of that member I cannot chuse but to reveal a Secret very good against all manner of consumptions of members none comparable A Secret for all Aridities unto it but my expressions will be according to this Art to which every one must take his course and those that knows to work with fire will agree with me For it is an universal medicine against all consumptions it opens pours and obstructions in one day more than other Unguents will do in a whole moneth it purgeth sinews which of necessity must be done here Take of fixed Allom â„¥ 4 I mean not crude sharp or drawing Allom but the mild and soft Allom which is taken out of its own earth mingle with it dissolved or fused Salt very purely beaten three times as much put it in a pot or other vessel lute it well keep out all ayr set it in a reverberatory put fire to it of the fourth degree the flames must beat upon twelve houres long all must be red hot then let it cool take it out open it the matter which you find on the bottom cast into four quarts of Well water it will dissolve that which doth not dissolve keep and dry it put it in a glass pour on it Alcool vini which is an Aquavitae distilled subtilly from all phlegme so that being put in a vessel and kindled that all goeth away with the flame no liquor staying behind let it be covered two fingers deep about it and so keep it for use when you are to use it then mingle some of it with Oyl of Bayes or others your Ointment is made of annoint the consumed member with it once or twice no matter whether the Moon be new or at the full this annointing will make the memher swell a little but no pain at all it causeth this being done then go all the consumed member over the member and joint will recover its former strength keep that member warm let it take no cold I tell you that this Seeret is so effectual working upon all manner of opilations of joints it will help also a Sciatica A Secret for the Sciatica be it caused by heat or by cold of a short or a long standing My intent was not to reveale that Secret against the Sciatica which followeth but having such a near affinity with the former for the publick good sake I will reveale it Take the foresaid Water from which the foresaid Powder was separated make it warm rub the hip bone well with it then take the above said Powder prepared mingle it with Oyl of Bayes make an Unguent and annoint the affected place with it once a day and do it for two daies then take of the Water where that matter was separated from one part of Vervain and Centorie ana three parts boil these in a sufficient quantity of Water for a bath let the party be fomented with four or five times for one or two hours that must be in the decrease of the Moon then is it enough Whilest the patient is in that stove let this
see fitting but still look to that what the condition of the patient and the necessity of the wound requireth To speak of their quantity weight or measure cannot be well set down because one Patient is of a stronger nature than another the one a man the other a woman these parties ought to be considered and the Vulnerarie potions regulated answerably And to come nearer to the description of Vulnerarie Potions first you must note and it is known unto others also that Vulnerarie potions increase the blood more than meats therefore the better that Potions the better blood it will make now every wound receiveth its food from the blood hence easily it may be gathered if that Potion be prepared of good wound Hearbs that the wound also will the better and sooner be healed preserverh and defendeth them from several malignant enemies if so be that good order and dyet be kept with moderateness therefore endeavour to use to such Potions not the meanest but the best however all must be ordered as the occasion of the thing requireth Touching the cooking and boiling of Vulnerarie Potions Boiling of Vulnerarie potions therein not one alone but several waies are used the one boileth them in Wine simply another boils it in Wine in an upshut vessel which is more fit but not much better others use Waters to it distilled of Hearbs these are not much to be regarded because the salts are not therein which operate most others take these Hearbs green without any other addition putting them in a closed Pewter vessel setting it in a kettle full of water boile the Hearbs so long till the juice be out of the Hearbs and that drink they use but such Potions are too strong and but a little of it must be used at a time It can be made pleasant with Cinnamon and Sugar to please the patients pallat all which is left free to every ones disposing however discretion ought to be used herein There remaineth now that I set down some Receipts for Vulnerarie Potions It must not be understood here that thereby I reject all other Vulnerarie Potions the Ancients also have left behind them several good Vulnerarie Potions and they set them down so upon sure reasons I am onely against abuses as you often heard me speak of therefore you have leave not only to make use of my Vulnerarie Potions but also of other mens Potions and all discreetly and considerately If you will make a Vulnerarie potion for to use it then No red Wine to be used to wound potions take no red Wine to it for reasons known and such potions are to be used mornings fasting and the party fast two hours upon or evenings two hours after supper A good Wound Drink ordinarily used 1. Take Sanicle Stellaria Pyrola Mugwort of each ℥ 1 The Authors ordinary wound drink of ground Ivy ℥ ss boile these in two quarts of Wine to the boiling away of the one moyty minister to the patient of it twice a day mornings and evenings Another ordinary Drink which is good also 2. Take Adder tongue Bistorta Serpentaria of each ℥ ss of Tormentil ℥ ¼ boile these in a quart of Wine and use it as the former Another which is plesant to be used 3. Take Adder tongue and our water Bloodwort Barbula hirci of each ℥ 1 of May flowers ℥ ss of Stellaria ℥ ss of Cariophyllata ℥ ss of good white Wine lb 5 put these in a glass body and set a blind helmet upon close it well let it boil in sand for four hours gently according to Art open it and ad to it of Cinnamon ℥ ¼ close it again and let it cool thus you have a very good wound Drink Let the patient drink of it twice or thrice about four ounces more or less considering the parties condition Another Wound Drink for one in which there is is a loose bone fowl corruption or the like 4. Take of Sanicle of red Mugwort of Speedwell of Virga Aurea of Pyrola of each ℥ 1 of Savine ℥ 1 ss of Nipp ℥ ss boil these in two quarts of Wine or Beer and use it as the rest if you will have this Drink yet stronger then put to it a little of Oculi Cancrorum or of Sperma Cetae the impuritie will be expelled thereby out of the wound A Vulnerarie Potion for Stabs or Wounds 5. Take of Adder tongue of our water Bloodwort or Goats beard of each ℥ 1 note it is not the Goats beard Dr. Foxl and Dr. Taberna Montanus saith that it is but that noble Wound Hearb which is used inward and outwardly of Stellaria ℥ ss of Sage Matrisylva red Mugwort of each ℥ 1 ss mingle these together and pour on it lb 3 of Water or Wine which you please boile it in a closed glass body as you heard above of this let the patient drink twice a day ℥ 4 at a time more or less according to the parties condition But if you will cleanse the wound or stab then take of Oculi Cancrorum of Mumia of Sperma Cetae of each ʒ 1 mingle them purely Of this powder let the party take every morning ʒ 1 mingled with the wound Potion and let him drink it warm and fast two hours after A rare Master piece for a Wound or Stab where you suspect there is a bone proud flesh broken veins or other impurities 6. This Composition is not known to many which moved me to impart it and it is thus If you fear that there is in a wound or stab a loose piece of bone proud flesh pieces of broken veins fowl matter or such like which usually hapneth to deep wounds or stabs then take your wound Hearbs which you intend to use mingle among them a sixt part of Savine to all the other Ingrediences and thus prepare your wound drink And when you minister any of it to the patient then mingle with it of pulverised Oculi Cancrorum ℈ ss and let Expulsive potion them drink it This Potion will expel at the wound all loose bones blood corruption and the like and cleanse it without this cleansing no wound can be perfectly healed The wound being thus cleansed then leave off this expelling wound drink and make use of others as you think fit and leave no danger behind and use your Unguents and Plaisters according to Art Though there are not used any wound potions but they are expulsive because Oculi Cancrorum Savine c. are driving yea almost all wound Hearbs are of that quality therefore I would have you to conceive aright of it though the red Mugwort Polopodie Rhubarb c. are expulsive yet they do not expel so well fowl blood and naughty flesh together with the loose spinters out of the wound as the Savine Azarum and Oculi Cancrorum doth Besides there is not any of the Difference in driving wound Hearbs forenamed Hearbs which so effectually expels the onset hard clinging slymie matter as
the Helleboras niger doth but must alwaies be used with Carduus Benedictus Neither is there any of the foresaid Simples which sooner taketh away the sharp humors from the gall and dulcifies more their corroding condition than polypodie doth used with Liquorice and Mallowes so it may be said of the rest of which a hint hath been given above A Vulnerarie Potion for spoyled Wounds which yeildeth a tuff and slimie matter environed with a swelling and are deep and hollow underneath are like to turn to a Cancer 7. Take of Virga Aurea Sanicle Speedwell of each ℥ 1 of Vervain ℥ 1 of Carioplyllata ℥ ¼ of Carduus Benedictus ℥ 1 ¼ of Ellebore niger ¼ boil these in four quarts of Wine to the consumption of its moyty the rest you strain through a clean cloth let the patient drink mornings of it ℥ 3 use it so long till you see the wound yeilds lo external medicines applyed if it doth then leave off your Vulnerarie potion and use convenient means But if any pains are incident then stay for it is turned already to a Cancer outward medicines must be applyed answerably that its eating may be killed which is done Sweet Cauteries with the sweet Cauteries which are mighty helpful in such Vulnerarie Potions A Vulnerarie Potion for the Joint Water 8. True there is no such great necessity to use Vulnerarie Potions against the Joint Water for if a Surgeon understandeth himself and is diligent in his dealing he may stay it without such Potions as you heard of it above sufficiently But in case a Surgeon doubts that he will not be able to stay it with external medicines and is defective in his waies then let him make use of the following Potion Take Strawberry leaves Knotgrass red Rose leaves of Vulnerarie potion to stay the joint water each ℥ 1 of Consolida ℥ ss of Speedwell ℥ 1 ss of Cariophillata ℥ ¼ of Wine lb 3 of Water lb 2 boil away the moity of it let the patient drink of it consider the parties condition it were good if Centorie were added to the rest by reason of its bitterness but maketh the Potion unpleasant I leave it to your discretion whether you will use it or no. A Vulnerarie Potion against Gun-shots 9. Take of Speedwell and the hearb of Alkekengi or red Mugwort of each one handful of the root of Tormentil ℥ 1 ss of Adderwort ℥ 1 boil these in Water or Wine as the patients condition may brook withall to the moity of it let the patient drink of it twice or thrice a day And in case there be much corruption in the wound then Expulsive powder for wounds made by Gun-shot let the patient have of the following Powder among his drink dayly one dram and that for three times then all blood matter bullet if it be in it will be expelled at the wound Make it thus of Mumia ℥ ss of Sperma Cetae ¼ Oculi Cancrorumʒ 3 Liquorice ℥ 2 pulverise these very purely if you will have it yet better then ad of Rhubarb ¼ of Cinnamon ℥ ss it driveth strongly so and is more pleasant is safely used causeth no pain Note one thing more when Sperma Cetae is stale it To prepare Sperma Cetae stinks then it ought not to be used making the medicine very unpleasant however if you must needs use it make a separation with Vinegar distilled and fling away that which is stinking and that which is clean keep for use Of this you must not take so much as usually is taken because its vertue now is made better and stronger which is to be understood of other things also where Sperma Cetae is used And this is all what I intended to write of Vulnerarie Potions hoping that the Reader hath sufficiencie of iustructions from thence according to which he may order all other sorts of Vulnerarie Potions And thus I let it rest and having made one relation more then have I done with it Many may think when they have perused the things I have written concerning Vulnerarie Potions and say this man useth in his Surgerie none but plain Plaisters and Unguents if any one should perswade himself so he may be deceaved For besides these Vulnerarie Potions I use alwaies Wound Unguents Stiptick Plaisters Opodeldoch c. as good as they may be and occasion requireth However it is true that if Vulnerarie Potions are used then the wound needs not so much of Unguents as when none were used Neither do I advise that such Vulnerarie Potions are to be used to all wounds for where I have no need of them there I omit them and where they are needful there I make use of them And I used them discreetly not because I was accustomed to it if I should have done onely according to my custome I should never have been without sorrowes CHAP. VI. Of spouting and sprinkling into Wounds of Tents and of Corrosives I Cannot chose but to speak something about syringing and that briefly without any Receipt spouting is much Spouting or Sprinkling used with Lavaments I describe none of them because I see there is more hurt than good done with them and so I hold their use to be unadvisable and this must be understood about fresh wounds And if any wound precisely be for the use of them he ought not to siringe strongly into any wound or stab be it as deep as it will else the wound within will be driven asunder or enlarged and made wider spout so gently that the medicine may only droppingly fall out of the Syringe into the wound But in spoiled wounds which are fistulated to these siringing may very well be used unto which in some place I gave my advise These Syringes must be either crooked or straight as the condition of the wound is whereby you may come to the bottom of wounds and to bring the medicines thither also To sore throats for pains in the mouth a strong siringing is necessary because through that strong spouting is better washed off the slyme and filth from teeth and from the holes of the throat than when meerly gargarismes are used Of Wicks or Tents When Wicks are to be used ye heard it above viz. to wounds where spinters are to flap wounds to vehement Swelling tents are naught bleeding wounds for other places I do not advise them it being a dangerous abuse I hold less of swelling Tents unless they be made of Juniper Gum of the root of Gentiana dry Sponges c. I do not see what good they can do either in fresh or in dryed wounds true they keep a wound asunder but close again quickly leaving the wound in her old condition if a swelling Tent be put into a Wound stops the hole lets no matter come forth keeps it in forcibly till it be pulled out again and vent be given to the wound If Tents needs must be used to keep open wounds then How to make tents to