i_o mean_v the_o heat_n of_o quicklime_n in_o cold_a water_n i_o confess_v i_o can_v but_o admire_v the_o laziness_n and_o credulity_n of_o mankind_n which_o have_v so_o long_o and_o general_o acquiesce_v in_o what_o they_o may_v so_o easy_o have_v find_v to_o be_v false_a this_o i_o say_v because_o i_o be_v possible_o the_o first_o that_o have_v have_v both_o the_o curiosity_n and_o boldness_n to_o examine_v so_o general_a and_o constant_a a_o tradition_n yet_o i_o doubt_v not_o that_o you_o will_v soon_o be_v bring_v to_o take_v it_o as_o well_o as_o i_o for_o as_o great_a as_o popular_a a_o error_n for_o to_o let_v you_o manifest_o see_v how_o little_a the_o incalescence_n of_o the_o quicklime_n need_v be_v allow_v to_o proceed_v from_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la water_n if_o instead_o of_o cold_a water_n you_o quench_v it_o with_o hot_a water_n the_o ebullition_n of_o the_o liquor_n will_v not_o only_o be_v as_o great_a as_o if_o the_o water_n be_v cold_a but_o 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from_o the_o coldness_n of_o that_o liquor_n i_o cause_v a_o parcel_n of_o good_a lime_n to_o be_v beat_v small_a and_o put_v one_o part_n of_o it_o into_o a_o glass_n vessel_n i_o drench_v it_o plentiful_o with_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n more_o than_o it_o will_v imbibe_n and_o the_o other_o portion_n of_o the_o lime_n i_o likewise_o drench_v with_o common_a water_n both_o these_o liquor_n have_v stand_v in_o the_o same_o room_n that_o they_o may_v be_v reduce_v by_o the_o same_o ambient_fw-la air_n to_o a_o like_a degree_n of_o coldness_n the_o event_n of_o this_o trial_n be_v what_o i_o look_v for_o that_o the_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n notwithstanding_o its_o actual_a coldness_n and_o the_o great_a subtlety_n and_o piercingness_n of_o part_n which_o it_o have_v in_o common_a with_o other_o chemical_a oil_n be_v of_o a_o incongruous_a texture_n seem_v not_o to_o make_v any_o dissolution_n of_o the_o powder_a lime_n and_o do_v not_o for_o several_a hour_n that_o i_o keep_v it_o produce_v that_o i_o perceive_v any_o sensible_a heat_n in_o the_o lime_n whereas_o to_o show_v that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o fault_n of_o the_o lime_n that_o part_n of_o it_o on_o which_o common_a water_n have_v be_v pour_v do_v after_o a_o little_a while_n conceive_v so_o strong_a a_o heat_n that_o it_o break_v a_o large_a openmouth'd-glass_n into_o who_o bottom_n it_o be_v put_v and_o not_o only_o grow_v so_o hot_a that_o i_o can_v not_o endure_v to_o hold_v it_o in_o my_o hand_n but_o send_v out_o at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o glass_n though_o that_o be_v considerable_o distant_a from_o the_o lime_n a_o copious_a white_a fume_n so_o hot_a that_o i_o can_v not_o well_o suffer_v the_o hold_n of_o my_o hand_n over_o it_o and_o to_o prevent_v a_o possible_a though_o invalid_a objection_n which_o i_o foresee_v may_v be_v draw_v against_o the_o experiment_n make_v with_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n from_o the_o oleaginous_a nature_n of_o that_o liquor_n i_o cover_v a_o piece_n of_o the_o same_o sort_n of_o quicklime_n i_o have_v be_v speak_v of_o with_o high_o rectify_a spirit_n of_o wine_n but_o though_o i_o leave_v they_o together_o all_o night_n yet_o i_o perceive_v not_o that_o the_o liquor_n have_v at_o all_o slack_v the_o lime_n which_o continue_v in_o a_o entire_a lump_n till_o upon_o the_o substitute_n of_o common_a water_n it_o do_v as_o i_o remember_v quick_o appear_v to_o be_v slack_v since_o it_o fall_v asunder_o into_o a_o kind_n of_o minute_n white_a powder_n which_o be_v bate_v the_o colour_n almost_o like_o mud_n and_o will_v easy_o by_o a_o little_a shake_n be_v disperse_v like_v it_o through_o the_o water_n 15._o eleutherius_fw-la i_o ingenious_o confess_v to_o you_o carneades_n that_o what_o you_o say_v surprise_v i_o for_o i_o think_v it_o superfluous_a to_o try_v myself_o so_o acknowledge_v a_o experiment_n be_v not_o able_a to_o imagine_v that_o so_o many_o learned_a man_n for_o so_o many_o age_n shall_v so_o unanimous_o and_o confident_o deliver_v a_o matter_n of_o fact_n of_o which_o if_o it_o be_v not_o true_a the_o falsity_n can_v be_v so_o easy_o discover_v 16._o carneades_n for_o my_o part_n eleutherius_fw-la i_o confess_v i_o be_o wont_a to_o doubt_v of_o what_o they_o teach_v that_o seldom_o or_o never_o doubt_v and_o i_o hope_v you_o will_v forgive_v i_o if_o have_v find_v a_o assertion_n so_o general_a and_o uncontrolled_a of_o a_o falsity_n so_o easy_a to_o be_v disprove_v i_o be_v inclinable_a to_o suspect_v the_o truth_n of_o their_o other_o inferior_a tradition_n about_o antiperistasis_n and_o of_o these_o i_o will_v mention_v the_o two_o chief_a i_o have_v meet_v with_o among_o the_o modern_n for_o be_v contrive_v experiment_n i_o presume_v you_o will_v easy_o believe_v they_o come_v not_o from_o aristotle_n nor_o the_o ancient_a schoolman_n that_o comment_v upon_o he_o 17._o the_o first_o of_o these_o be_v the_o freeze_a a_o pot_n to_o a_o joynt-stool_n by_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n by_o the_o fire_n side_n in_o which_o case_n it_o be_v pretend_v that_o the_o fire_n do_v so_o intend_v the_o cold_a as_o to_o enable_v it_o to_o congeal_v the_o water_n that_o stagnate_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o stool_n betwixt_o that_o and_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o pot._n but_o how_o little_a need_n there_o be_v of_o antiperistasis_n in_o this_o experiment_n you_o may_v guess_v by_o this_o that_o i_o have_v purposely_o make_v it_o with_o good_a success_n in_o a_o place_n in_o which_o there_o neither_o be_v nor_o ever_o probable_o have_v be_v a_o fire_n the_o room_n be_v destitute_a of_o a_o chimney_n and_o this_o trial_n of_o i_o i_o can_v confirm_v by_o divers_a other_o experiment_n of_o the_o like_a nature_n but_o that_o this_o one_o be_v sufficient_a 18._o i_o proceed_v therefore_o to_o the_o other_o experiment_n which_o be_v deliver_v by_o very_o learned_a man_n and_o for_o who_o i_o have_v a_o great_a respect_n according_a to_o these_o if_o you_o take_v a_o somewhat_o 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glass_n be_v break_v i_o expose_v another_o lesser_a tube_n with_o the_o same_o oil_n which_o become_v freeze_v throughout_o and_o require_v very_o much_o relaxation_n in_o the_o air_n to_o return_v to_o its_o former_a fluidity_n i_o have_v set_v a_o mark_n on_o these_o tube_n as_o on_o all_o the_o rest_n to_o observe_v their_o several_a rise_n and_o the_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n when_o coagulate_v sink_v more_o than_o half_a a_o inch_n below_o it_o and_o be_v dissolve_v at_o the_o fire_n return_v to_o its_o first_o station_n as_o you_o also_o see_v and_o this_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v peculiar_a to_o this_o oil_n alone_o all_o other_o liquor_n rise_v high_o than_o the_o mark_n i_o now_o come_v to_o my_o strong_a liquor_n of_o beer_n ale_n and_o wine_n i_o expose_v at_o the_o same_o time_n a_o flask_n of_o small_a beer_n and_o another_o of_o strong_a ale_n the_o former_a whereof_o be_v freeze_v throughout_o in_o 38._o hour_n but_o three_o pint_n of_o the_o ale_n continue_v 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same_o or_o at_o least_o have_v no_o sensible_a difference_n when_o they_o have_v be_v thaw_v of_o themselves_o and_o when_o first_o expose_v hull_n ale_n have_v a_o brackish_a taste_n claret_n very_o strong_a expose_v in_o a_o spoon_n in_o 35._o hour_n hard_o freeze_v become_v a_o ice_n all_o of_o it_o it_o be_v soft_a keep_v its_o former_a colour_n and_o taste_v soon_o discover_v to_o the_o tongue_n of_o one_o who_o know_v not_o whence_o it_o be_v its_o nature_n quality_n and_o kind_n canary_n at_o the_o same_o time_n in_o a_o spoon_n expose_v in_o 38._o hour_n acquire_v on_o its_o surface_n a_o exceed_o thin_a plate_n of_o ice_n as_o thin_a as_o the_o fine_a paper_n and_o proceed_v no_o far_o in_o four_o day_n follow_v neither_o claret_n nor_o canary_n will_v show_v the_o least_o sign_n of_o congelation_n in_o tube_n much_o less_o in_o bottle_n two_o ounce_n of_o the_o best_a spirit_n of_o wine_n expose_v in_o a_o earthen_a pan_n do_v all_o evaporate_v in_o less_o than_o 12._o 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stiff_a and_o some_o little_a ice_n in_o the_o ventricles_n of_o their_o heart_n and_o their_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la milk_n soon_o freeze_v into_o most_o white_a flake_n of_o ice_n retain_v the_o proper_a taste_n of_o milk_n these_o flake_n be_v soft_a and_o manifest_a not_o many_o bubble_n several_a egg_n be_v expose_v and_o both_o yolk_n and_o white_a in_o one_o night_n be_v hard_o freeze_v they_o require_v a_o long_a time_n to_o freeze_v then_o apple_n do_v the_o best_a way_n to_o thaw_v they_o both_o be_v to_o lay_v they_o on_o newcastle-coal_n or_o in_o a_o deep_a cellar_n whether_o egg_n once_o freeze_v will_v produce_v chicken_n or_o no_o i_o can_v say_v but_o have_v be_v tell_v by_o good_a housewife_n they_o will_n some_o affirm_v that_o egg_n and_o apple_n put_v into_o water_n the_o ice_n will_v be_v thaw_v within_o they_o and_o the_o ice_n appear_v on_o the_o shell_n and_o skin_n it_o be_v true_a if_o you_o hold_v either_o of_o they_o near_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n 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proceed_v may_v keep_v the_o ill_a operation_n of_o cold_a upon_o the_o violate_a texture_n of_o body_n from_o appear_v yet_o when_o once_o that_o 〈◊〉_d be_v remove_v divers_a body_n make_v haste_n to_o discover_v that_o their_o texture_n be_v discompose_v if_o not_o quite_o vitiate_v by_o the_o excessive_a cold_a i_o may_v allege_v on_o this_o occasion_n that_o i_o have_v show_v divers_a ingenious_a man_n by_o a_o experiment_n i_o have_v teach_v in_o another_o philosophy_n treatise_n that_o the_o change_v produce_v in_o the_o texture_n of_o some_o body_n by_o glaciation_n may_v be_v make_v manifest_a even_o to_o the_o sight_n for_o by_o freeze_v a_o ox_n eye_n the_o crystalline_a humour_n which_o in_o its_o natural_a state_n be_v transparent_a enough_o to_o deserve_v its_o name_n of_o crystalline_a though_o not_o fluid_a enough_o to_o deserve_v the_o name_n of_o humour_n lose_v with_o its_o former_a texture_n all_o its_o diaphancity_n and_o be_v cut_v in_o two_o with_o a_o sharp_a knife_n appear_v quite_o throughout_o very_o white_a but_o for_o confirmation_n of_o this_o i_o shall_v rather_o add_v that_o i_o remember_v that_o the_o person_n former_o mention_v that_o have_v make_v trial_n of_o the_o two_o cheese_n confess_v to_o i_o that_o though_o that_o which_o have_v be_v thaw_v in_o cold_a water_n be_v very_o much_o the_o less_o spoil_v yet_o they_o be_v both_o of_o they_o manifest_o impair_v and_o the_o other_o of_o they_o be_v so_o in_o its_o very_a consistence_n by_o the_o frost_n though_o the_o bulk_n of_o the_o cheese_n be_v very_o considerable_a and_o though_o they_o be_v both_o of_o they_o of_o a_o more_o then_o ordinary_o good_a and_o durable_a sort_n 22._o the_o next_o thing_n i_o shall_v allege_v to_o this_o purpose_n be_v the_o observation_n of_o the_o hollander_n even_o by_o such_o a_o degree_n of_o cold_a as_o they_o meet_v with_o in_o nova_n zembla_n before_o the_o middle_n of_o october_n at_o which_o time_n their_o strong_a beer_n by_o be_v partly_o freeze_v have_v its_o texture_n so_o vitiate_v that_o the_o reunion_n of_o its_o unfrozen_a to_o its_o thaw_a part_n can_v not_o restore_v it_o to_o any_o thing_n near_o such_o a_o spirituous_a liquor_n as_o it_o be_v before_o we_o be_v force_v say_v gerad_n de_fw-fr veer_v that_o write_v the_o story_n to_o melt_v the_o beer_n 493._o for_o there_o be_v scarce_o any_o unfrozen_a beer_n in_o the_o barrel_n but_o in_o that_o thick_a yeast_n that_o be_v unfrozen_a lay_v the_o strength_n of_o the_o beer_n so_o that_o it_o be_v too_o strong_a to_o drink_v alone_o and_o that_o which_o be_v freeze_v taste_v like_o water_n and_o be_v melt_v we_o mix_v one_o with_o the_o other_o and_o so_o drink_v it_o but_o it_o have_v neither_o ftrength_n nor_o taste_n and_o in_o the_o next_o month_n journal_n he_o tell_v we_o that_o their_o best_a beer_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n whole_o without_o any_o strength_n so_o that_o it_o have_v no_o savour_n at_o all_o but_o a_o more_o remarkable_a instance_n to_o our_o present_a purpose_n be_v afford_v we_o by_o our_o countryman_n captain_n james_n because_o it_o manifest_v the_o cold_a to_o have_v the_o same_o effect_n upon_o a_o much_o strong_a and_o more_o spirituous_a liquor_n i_o ever_o doubt_v say_v he_o in_o his_o journal_n that_o we_o shall_v be_v weak_a in_o 73._o spring_n and_o therefore_o have_v i_o reserve_v a_o tun_n of_o alicant_n wine_n unto_o this_o time_n of_o this_o by_o 〈◊〉_d seven_o part_n of_o water_n to_o one_o ofwine_n we_o make_v some_o weak_a beverage_n which_o by_o reason_n that_o the_o wine_n by_o be_v freeze_v have_v lose_v his_o virtue_n be_v little_o better_a than_o water_n 23._o and_o i_o remember_v that_o a_o learned_a man_n who_o i_o ask_v some_o question_n concern_v this_o matter_n tell_v i_o that_o in_o a_o northern_a country_n less_o cold_a than_o muscovy_n he_o have_v observe_v that_o beef_n have_v be_v very_o long_o freeze_v when_o it_o come_v afterward_o to_o be_v eat_v be_v almost_o insipid_a and_o be_v boil_v afford_v a_o broth_n little_o better_o than_o common_a water_n 24._o if_o i_o have_v not_o want_v opportunity_n i_o shall_v here_o subjoin_v a_o account_n of_o some_o trial_n for_o which_o i_o make_v provision_n as_o think_v they_o not_o absolute_o unworthy_a the_o make_n though_o extravagant_a enough_o not_o to_o be_v likely_a to_o succeed_v for_o i_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o try_v not_o only_o whether_o some_o plant_n and_o other_o medicinal_a thing_n who_o specific_a virtue_n i_o be_v acquaint_v with_o will_v lose_v their_o peculiar_a quality_n by_o be_v thorough_o congeal_v and_o several_a way_n thaw_v and_o whether_o thaw_a hartshorn_n of_o which_o the_o quantity_n of_o salt_n and_o saline_n spirit_n of_o such_o a_o determinate_a strength_n shall_v beforehand_o be_v try_v by_o distillation_n will_v after_o have_v be_v long_o congeal_v yield_v by_o the_o same_o way_n of_o distillation_n the_o same_o quantity_n of_o those_o actual_a substance_n as_o if_o the_o hartshorn_n have_v not_o be_v freeze_v at_o all_o but_o i_o have_v also_o thought_n to_o try_v whether_o the_o electrical_a faculty_n of_o amber_n both_o the_o natural_a and_o that_o factitious_a imitation_n of_o it_o i_o elsewhere_o teach_v and_o whether_o the_o attractive_a or_o directive_n virtue_n of_o lodestone_n especial_o very_o weak_a one_o will_v be_v either_o impair_v or_o any_o way_n alter_v by_o be_v very_o long_o expose_v to_o the_o intense_v degree_n of_o cold_a within_o my_o power_n of_o produce_v but_o to_o have_v name_v such_o extravagancy_n be_v that_o which_o i_o think_v enough_o and_o other_o i_o fear_v may_v think_v too_o much_o 25._o yet_o some_o few_o thing_n i_o shall_v subjoin_v on_o this_o occasion_n because_o it_o will_v add_v somewhat_o not_o impertinent_a to_o the_o design_n of_o this_o treatise_n which_o be_v to_o deliver_v the_o phaenomena_n of_o cold_a as_o well_o as_o countenance_v what_o i_o have_v be_v propose_v and_o those_o thing_n be_v that_o i_o can_v by_o very_o credible_a testimony_n make_v it_o appear_v that_o a_o intense_a cold_a may_v have_v a_o great_a operation_n upon_o the_o texture_n even_o of_o solid_a and_o durable_a body_n than_o we_o in_o this_o temperate_a climate_n be_v common_o aware_a of_o i_o shall_v not_o urge_v that_o even_o here_o in_o england_n '_o it_o be_v general_o believe_v that_o man_n bone_n be_v more_o apt_a to_o break_v upon_o fall_n in_o frosty_a then_o in_o other_o wether_n because_o that_o may_v possible_o be_v impute_v to_o the_o hardness_n of_o the_o freeze_a ground_n nor_o that_o i_o remember_v when_o i_o be_v wont_a to_o make_v use_n of_o stone-bow_n i_o find_v it_o a_o common_a observation_n that_o in_o frosty_a wether_n the_o lath_n though_o of_o steel_n will_v by_o the_o cold_a be_v make_v so_o brittle_a that_o unless_o extraordinary_a care_n be_v have_v of_o they_o or_o some_o expedient_n be_v use_v about_o they_o they_o will_v be_v apt_a to_o break_v nor_o yet_o that_o a_o ingenious_a overseer_n of_o great_a building_n have_v inform_v i_o that_o those_o that_o deal_n in_o timber_n and_o other_o wood_n find_v it_o much_o more_o easy_a to_o be_v cleave_v in_o hard_a frost_n then_o in_o ordinary_a wether_n these_o and_o the_o like_a instance_n i_o do_v as_o i_o be_v intimate_v forbear_v to_o urge_v because_o these_o effect_n of_o cold_a be_v much_o inferior_a to_o those_o that_o have_v be_v meet_v with_o in_o more_o intemperate_a region_n 26._o and_o to_o begin_v with_o its_o operation_n upon_o what_o we_o be_v last_o treat_v of_o wood._n of_o charleton-island_n captain_n james_n have_v this_o passage_n about_o the_o timber_n they_o employ_v upon_o their_o work_n the_o boy_n say_v he_o with_o cuttle_n 67._o axe_n must_v cut_v bough_n for_o the_o carpenter_n for_o every_o piece_n of_o timber_n that_o he_o do_v work_v must_v first_o be_v thaw_v in_o the_o fire_n and_o a_o little_a before_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o even_o when_o they_o find_v a_o stand_a tree_n 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the_o bubble_n wont_a to_o abound_v in_o ice_n be_v fill_v with_o common_a air_n and_o even_o this_o question_n though_o it_o seem_v but_o one_o comprize_v two_o for_o to_o resolve_v it_o we_o must_v determine_v whether_o there_o be_v any_o true_a air_n contain_v in_o those_o cavity_n and_o whether_o in_o case_n there_o be_v they_o be_v adequate_o fill_v with_o that_o air_n by_o true_a air_n i_o mean_v such_o a_o invisible_a fluid_n as_o do_v permanent_o retain_v a_o spring_n like_o the_o common_a air._n 7._o the_o former_a of_o these_o two_o question_n i_o must_v confess_v myself_o not_o yet_o resolve_v about_o my_o experiment_n have_v not_o hitherto_o succeed_v uniform_o enough_o to_o satisfy_v so_o jealous_a a_o observer_n but_o yet_o i_o shall_v annex_v our_o trial_n not_o only_o because_o the_o thing_n have_v not_o be_v that_o we_o know_v of_o somuch_o as_o attempt_v by_o other_o and_o our_o way_n of_o experiment_v if_o they_o be_v due_o prosecute_v seem_v as_o promise_v and_o 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not_o find_v that_o his_o great_a earthen_a pot_n which_o be_v make_v up_o with_o as_o little_a water_n as_o be_v possible_a &_o be_v deserve_o famous_a for_o their_o durable_a texture_n have_v not_o that_o texture_n alter_v and_o impair_v by_o very_a pierce_a frost_n he_o assure_v i_o that_o if_o he_o do_v not_o take_v care_n to_o keep_v the_o frost_n as_o they_o speak_v from_o get_v into_o they_o those_o great_a and_o solid_a vessel_n wherein_o he_o use_v to_o keep_v his_o glass_n in_o fusion_n will_v in_o the_o fire_n scale_n or_o crack_v and_o perhaps_o fly_v and_o become_v unserviceable_a no_o less_o than_o some_o week_n soon_o than_o if_o they_o have_v never_o be_v impair_v by_o the_o frost_n and_o when_o i_o inquire_v whether_o also_o glass_n itself_o will_v not_o be_v much_o prejudice_v thereby_o he_o affirm_v to_o i_o that_o oftentimes_o in_o very_o hard_a frost_n many_o glass_n that_o have_v continue_v entire_a for_o many_o week_n for_o that_o circumstance_n i_o be_v 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frosty_a weather_n whereby_o if_o a_o expert_a smith_n i_o then_o use_v to_o employ_v do_v not_o gratis_o deceive_v i_o in_o the_o iron_n i_o employ_v that_o 〈◊〉_d may_v by_o such_o degree_n of_o cold_a as_o even_o our_o climate_n be_v capable_a of_o be_v render_v exceed_o brittle_a as_o he_o several_a time_n affirm_v to_o i_o that_o there_o be_v some_o kind_n of_o iron_n which_o he_o can_v hammer_v and_o turn_v as_o they_o phrase_v it_o cold_a in_o open_a weather_n which_o yet_o in_o very_o hard_a frost_n will_v become_v so_o brittle_a as_o by_o the_o same_o way_n of_o work_v easy_o to_o break_v if_o not_o to_o fly_v asunder_o and_o this_o he_o affirm_v both_o of_o iron_n and_o steel_n of_o which_o latter_a metal_n another_o very_a skilful_a workman_n who_o i_o also_o consult_v certify_v the_o like_a but_o though_o this_o disagree_v not_o with_o trial_n purposely_o make_v on_o iron_n rod_n have_v inform_v i_o yet_o presume_v that_o in_o such_o a_o nice_a piece_n of_o work_n as_o a_o 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criterion_n than_o the_o bare_a touch_n to_o judge_v of_o the_o coldness_n of_o liquor_n these_o be_v reduce_v to_o the_o same_o temper_n be_v expose_v to_o a_o very_a sharp_a air_n and_o there_o watch_v by_o the_o person_n who_o be_v not_o well_o and_o unable_a to_o support_v such_o weather_n myself_o i_o appoint_v to_o attend_v the_o experiment_n and_o he_o according_a to_o direction_n find_v they_o begin_v to_o freeze_v as_o it_o be_v at_o the_o very_a same_o time_n bring_v i_o in_o the_o two_o pottinger_n in_o each_o of_o which_o i_o see_v the_o beginning_n and_o but_o the_o beginning_n of_o congelation_n where_o the_o upper_a surface_n of_o the_o water_n be_v contiguous_a to_o the_o contain_v vessel_n so_o that_o have_v make_v this_o experiment_n with_o much_o great_a exactness_n then_o probable_o berigardus_n do_v or_o for_o want_v of_o such_o instrument_n as_o i_o use_v can_v make_v it_o i_o can_v but_o suspect_v suppose_v the_o common_a water_n he_o and_o i_o use_v to_o be_v 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another_o treatise_n to_o which_o such_o matter_n more_o proper_o belong_v it_o be_v know_v that_o the_o school_n define_v cold_a by_o the_o property_n they_o ascribe_v to_o it_o of_o congregate_a both_o heterogeneous_a and_o homogeneous_a thing_n i_o think_v it_o not_o amiss_o to_o attempt_v the_o make_v some_o separation_n in_o body_n by_o the_o force_n of_o cold._a for_o if_o that_o hold_v true_a in_o this_o climate_n which_o have_v be_v observe_v by_o traveller_n and_o navigator_n in_o northern_a region_n that_o man_n may_v obtain_v from_o beer_n and_o wine_n a_o very_a strong_a spirit_n and_o a_o phlegm_n by_o congelation_n it_o seem_v probable_a that_o in_o divers_a other_o liquor_n the_o waterish_a part_n will_v begin_v to_o freeze_v before_o the_o more_o spirituous_a and_o saline_a and_o if_o so_o we_o may_v be_v assist_v to_o make_v divers_a separation_n as_o well_o by_o cold_a as_o by_o heat_n and_o dephlegme_n if_o i_o may_v so_o speak_v some_o liquor_n as_o well_o by_o 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part_n from_o the_o rest_n will_v or_o will_v not_o succeed_v and_o i_o remember_v that_o a_o large_a glass_n vessel_n wherein_o spirit_n of_o vinegar_n be_v expose_v to_o the_o cold_a a_o considerable_a part_n be_v turn_v into_o ice_n who_o swim_v argue_v it_o to_o be_v light_a than_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o liquor_n but_o though_o i_o put_v some_o of_o this_o ice_n in_o a_o glass_n by_o itself_o to_o examine_v by_o its_o weight_n and_o taste_n when_o thaw_v how_o much_o it_o differ_v from_o the_o uncongealed_a part_n of_o the_o spirit_n my_o hope_n be_v disappoint_v by_o a_o misfortune_n which_o be_v not_o repair_v by_o my_o expose_v afterward_o a_o small_a quantity_n of_o spirit_n of_o vinegar_n to_o the_o nocturnal_a air_n for_o that_o prove_v so_o cold_a that_o the_o whole_a be_v turn_v into_o ice_n wherefore_o i_o must_v reserve_v for_o another_o opportunity_n the_o prosecute_a that_o experiment_n as_o also_o the_o try_v whether_o a_o separation_n of_o the_o serous_a or_o the_o oleaginous_a part_n of_o milk_n may_v be_v effect_v for_o though_o once_o the_o frost_n seem_v to_o have_v promote_v a_o separation_n of_o creme_a notwithstanding_o that_o heat_n also_o may_v do_v it_o and_o though_o another_o time_n there_o seem_v to_o be_v another_o kind_n of_o divulsion_n of_o part_n make_v by_o congelation_n yet_o for_o want_v of_o leisure_n to_o prosecute_v such_o trial_n they_o prove_v not_o satisfactory_a no_o more_o than_o do_v some_o attempt_n of_o the_o like_a nature_n that_o i_o make_v upon_o blood_n by_o freeze_a it_o but_o notwithstanding_o these_o discouragement_n i_o resolve_v to_o try_v what_o i_o can_v do_v upon_o brine_n for_o call_v to_o mind_n the_o relation_n mention_v in_o the_o xv._n title_n and_o elsewhere_o which_o seem_v to_o argue_v that_o in_o some_o case_n the_o ice_n of_o the_o sea-water_n may_v be_v thaw_v yield_v fresh_a water_n and_o be_v the_o more_o incline_v to_o think_v it_o worth_a trial_n by_o a_o physician_n i_o since_o happen_v to_o discourse_v with_o about_o this_o matter_n who_o affirm_v to_o i_o that_o sail_v along_o the_o coast_n of_o germany_n he_o have_v take_v out_o of_o the_o sea_n ice_n that_o be_v thaw_v he_o find_v to_o afford_v good_a fresh_a water_n i_o begin_v to_o consider_v whether_o we_o may_v not_o by_o cold_a free_a salt_n water_n at_o some_o season_n of_o the_o year_n from_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o the_o phlegm_n which_o it_o be_v wont_a to_o cost_v much_o to_o free_v they_o from_o by_o fire_n and_o other_o mean_n for_o a_o little_a help_n towards_o the_o diminution_n of_o the_o fresh_a water_n be_v look_v upon_o as_o so_o useful_a a_o experiment_n by_o many_o that_o boil_v salt_n out_o of_o the_o salt_n spring_v that_o in_o some_o country_n that_o be_v think_v the_o skilful_a in_o that_o trade_n they_o make_v their_o salt-water_n fall_v upon_o great_a bundle_n of_o small_a brush-wood_n that_o be_v thereby_o divide_v and_o reduce_v to_o a_o far_o great_a superficies_n there_o may_v in_o 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mouth_v vessel_n that_o shape_n be_v judge_v the_o most_o proper_a we_o can_v procure_v for_o our_o design_n the_o large_a superficies_n that_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n do_v as_o we_o expect_v afford_v we_o a_o cake_n of_o ice_n which_o be_v take_v off_o and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o liquor_n expose_v again_o to_o the_o air_n in_o the_o same_o vessel_n we_o obtain_v a_o second_o cake_n of_o ice_n and_o take_v the_o remain_v which_o seem_v to_o be_v indispose_v enough_o to_o congelation_n we_o find_v that_o by_o compare_v it_o with_o that_o which_o be_v afford_v we_o by_o the_o first_o cake_n of_o ice_n permit_v to_o thaw_v there_o appear_v a_o very_a manifest_a difference_n betwixt_o the_o water_n whereinto_o the_o ice_n be_v resolve_v scarce_o taste_v so_o much_o as_o brackish_a whereas_o the_o liquor_n that_o have_v continue_v uncongeal_v be_v considerable_o salt_n in_o taste_n and_o if_o i_o have_v have_v the_o conveniency_n of_o examine_v myself_o these_o two_o liquor_n hydrostatical_o as_o i_o be_v fain_o to_o have_v they_o examine_v by_o another_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o by_o their_o weight_n i_o shall_v have_v discover_v precise_o enough_o the_o difference_n between_o they_o which_o the_o person_n i_o employ_v find_v to_o be_v considerable_a and_o consequent_o shall_v have_v be_v assist_v to_o make_v a_o estimate_n of_o the_o advantage_n that_o may_v be_v afford_v by_o the_o operation_n of_o the_o cold_a towards_o the_o freeze_a of_o the_o brine_n from_o its_o superfluous_a water_n but_o though_o i_o have_v not_o a_o quantity_n of_o ice_n great_a enough_o to_o satisfy_v i_o whether_o that_o little_a brackishness_n of_o taste_n i_o have_v mention_v proceed_v from_o some_o saline_a corpuscle_n that_o concur_v to_o the_o constitute_n of_o the_o ice_n itself_o or_o do_v only_o adhere_v
fire_n shine_v in_o the_o night_n sometime_o in_o one_o place_n sometime_o in_o another_o which_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v kindle_v by_o the_o sulphurous_a and_o other_o subterraneous_a exhalation_n and_o that_o when_o they_o perceive_v those_o fire_n especial_o if_o any_o number_n appear_v in_o several_a place_n those_o that_o be_v well_o acquaint_v with_o the_o coast_n will_v not_o continue_v long_o out_o at_o sea_n but_o rather_o quit_v a_o opportunity_n of_o catch_a fish_n than_o not_o make_v seasonable_o to_o the_o shore_n have_v often_o observe_v and_o particular_o this_o last_o year_n that_o bold_a and_o unexperienced_a mariner_n by_o slight_v these_o forerunner_n of_o storm_n be_v in_o few_o hour_n shipwreck_a by_o they_o 48._o to_o this_o i_o shall_v add_v what_o happen_v some_o year_n since_o upon_o the_o irish_a coast_n near_o a_o strong_a fortress_n call_v duncannon_n where_o divers_a of_o the_o ship_n royal_a of_o england_n lie_v at_o anchor_n in_o a_o place_n where_o they_o apprehend_v no_o danger_n from_o the_o wind_n there_o seem_v sudden_o to_o ascend_v out_o of_o the_o water_n not_o far_o from_o they_o a_o black_a cloud_n in_o shape_n and_o bigness_n not_o much_o unlike_o a_o barrel_n which_o mount_v upward_o be_v not_o long_o after_o follow_v as_o the_o most_o experience_a pilot_n foretell_v so_o hideous_a a_o storm_n as_o force_v those_o ship_n to_o go_v to_o sea_n again_o and_o have_v like_a to_o have_v cast_v they_o away_o in_o it_o and_o this_o account_n be_v both_o write_v by_o the_o principal_a officer_n of_o the_o squadron_n to_o their_o superior_n in_o england_n and_o give_v soon_o after_o it_o happen_v by_o the_o chief_a of_o those_o eye-witness_n and_o particular_o by_o the_o pilot_n to_o a_o very_a near_o kinsman_n of_o i_o well_o verse_v in_o maritine_n affair_n that_o command_v the_o land_n force_n in_o those_o part_n as_o a_o truth_n no_o less_o know_v then_o memorable_a 49._o and_o on_o occasion_n of_o what_o i_o be_v say_v about_o the_o eruption_n of_o hot_a steam_n in_o several_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n i_o now_o call_v to_o mind_v something_o that_o i_o have_v meet_v with_o in_o a_o very_a small_a but_o curious_a dissertation_n de_fw-fr admirandis_fw-la hungariae_fw-la aquis_fw-la who_o anonymous_n author_n i_o gather_v from_o some_o passage_n in_o the_o tract_n itself_o to_o have_v be_v a_o nobleman_n governor_z of_o saros_n and_o some_o other_o place_n in_o hungary_n and_o to_o have_v write_v this_o 74._o discourse_n both_o for_o and_o to_o that_o inquisitive_a german_a baron_fw-fr sigis_fw-la mundus_fw-la libre_fw-la famous_a for_o the_o account_n he_o give_v the_o world_n of_o the_o embassy_n whereon_o he_o be_v send_v by_o the_o german_a to_o the_o russian_a emperor_n this_o anonymous_n but_o noble_a writer_n tell_v we_o then_o that_o in_o that_o part_n of_o hungary_n which_o he_o call_v comitatus_fw-la zoliensis_fw-la there_o be_v a_o gape_a piece_n of_o ground_n which_o do_v emit_v such_o mortal_a exspiration_n that_o they_o suffocate_v not_o only_o cat_n and_o dog_n purposely_o hold_v at_o the_o end_n of_o long_a pole_n over_o the_o cleave_a but_o kill_v even_o bird_n that_o attempt_n to_o fly_v over_o it_o and_o in_o other_o place_n of_o the_o same_o tract_n i_o have_v meet_v with_o many_o other_o relation_n which_o if_o i_o have_v time_n to_o make_v a_o particular_a mention_n of_o will_v much_o countenance_n what_o i_o have_v be_v late_o say_v but_o though_o i_o pretermit_v several_a other_o instance_n i_o can_v but_o take_v especial_a notice_n of_o one_o which_o together_o with_o what_o i_o late_o mention_v to_o have_v happen_v near_o duncannon_n may_v make_v it_o probable_a that_o not_o only_o under_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o dry_a ground_n but_o in_o that_o part_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n that_o be_v cover_v with_o water_n there_o may_v arise_v stream_n and_o consequent_o exhalation_n actual_o and_o that_o considerable_o hot_a for_o in_o one_o place_n he_o 57_o take_v notice_n that_o not_o far_o from_o the_o well_o know_a city_n of_o buda_n there_o be_v a_o hot_a spring_n which_o they_o call_v purgatory_n which_o the_o water_n of_o danubius_n itself_o be_v not_o able_a to_o keep_v from_o be_v hot_a nay_o within_o the_o very_a bank_n betwixt_o which_o that_o great_a river_n run_v there_o boil_v up_o hot_a sring_n where_o those_o that_o will_v go_v deep_a enough_o into_o the_o water_n may_v commodious_o bathe_v themselves_o and_o elsewhere_o speak_v of_o the_o river_n istrogranum_fw-la in_o the_o same_o county_n he_o add_v that_o not_o only_o the_o bank_n of_o 65._o it_o but_o within_o the_o very_a river_n itself_o one_o may_v discover_v hot_a spring_n by_o remove_v the_o sand_n at_o the_o bottom_n with_o one_o foot_n to_o this_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o have_v hear_v of_o a_o ditch_n in_o the_o north_n of_o england_n in_o some_o regard_v more_o strange_a though_o less_o famous_a than_o the_o sulphureous_a grotta_n near_o naples_n whence_o not_o only_o subterraneal_a steam_n but_o those_o so_o sulphureous_a as_o to_o be_v easy_o inflammable_a do_v constant_o and_o plentiful_o ascend_v into_o the_o air_n i_o have_v the_o curiosity_n to_o make_v inquiry_n about_o it_o of_o the_o minister_n of_o the_o place_n a_o very_a learned_a man_n and_o conversant_a in_o mine_n who_o then_o happen_v to_o be_v my_o neighbour_n and_o he_o attest_v the_o truth_n of_o the_o relation_n upon_o his_o own_o knowledge_n and_o it_o be_v confirm_v to_o i_o by_o a_o very_a ingenious_a gentleman_n who_o go_v purposely_o to_o visit_v this_o place_n and_o find_v it_o true_a that_o a_o light_a candle_n or_o some_o such_o actual_o burn_a body_n be_v hold_v where_o this_o exhalation_n issue_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n will_v kindle_v it_o and_o make_v it_o actual_o flame_n for_o a_o good_a while_n and_o if_o i_o misremember_v not_o as_o long_o as_o one_o please_v and_o as_o this_o place_n be_v but_o few_o year_n since_o take_v notice_n of_o so_o there_o may_v be_v probable_o very_a many_o other_o yet_o undiscovered_a that_o may_v supply_v the_o air_n with_o store_n of_o mineral_n exhalation_n proper_a to_o generate_v fiery_a meteor_n and_o wind_n i_o remember_v that_o have_v late_o ask_v a_o inquisitive_a gentleman_n that_o be_v a_o great_a searcher_n after_o mine_n whether_o he_o do_v not_o observe_v some_o meteor_n near_o those_o place_n where_o he_o be_v most_o conversant_a he_o tell_v i_o that_o it_o be_v very_o usual_a in_o some_o of_o they_o to_o see_v certain_a great_a fire_n move_v in_o the_o air_n which_o in_o those_o place_n digger_n because_o of_o some_o resemblance_n real_a or_o imaginary_a be_v wont_a to_o call_v dragon_n and_n the_o russian_a emperor_n physician_n you_o be_v speak_v of_o inform_v i_o a_o while_n since_o that_o he_o have_v not_o long_o ago_o observe_v in_o winter_n a_o river_n in_o muscovy_n where_o though_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o surface_n be_v freeze_v there_o be_v a_o part_n of_o it_o near_o a_o mile_n long_o that_o remain_v uncover_v with_o ice_n which_o probable_o be_v keep_v from_o be_v generate_v there_o by_o those_o subterraneous_a exhalation_n since_o he_o say_v he_o see_v they_o ascend_v up_o all_o the_o way_n like_o the_o smoke_n of_o a_o oven_n and_o in_o case_n the_o matter_n of_o fact_n deliver_v by_o 23._o olaus_n magnus_n be_v true_a concern_v the_o strange_a thaw_n that_o sometime_o happen_v with_o terrible_a noise_n in_o the_o great_a lake_n veter_fw-la those_o wonderful_a phaenomena_n may_v not_o improbable_o be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o ascent_n of_o great_a store_n of_o hot_a subterraneal_a steam_n which_o sudden_o crack_v the_o thick_a and_o solid_a ice_n in_o many_o place_n at_o once_o produce_v the_o hideous_a noise_n and_o the_o hasty_a thaw_v that_o he_o speak_v of_o and_o this_o suspicion_n may_v be_v countenance_v partly_o by_o this_o circumstance_n that_o before_o these_o sudden_a thaw_n the_o lake_n begin_v with_o great_a noise_n to_o boil_v at_o the_o bottom_n and_o partly_o by_o what_o be_v relate_v by_o a_o more_o authentic_a writer_n i_o mean_v that_o learned_a traveller_n the_o jesuit_n martinius_n who_o witness_n that_o at_o peking_n the_o royal_a city_n of_o china_n it_o be_v very_o usual_a that_o after_o the_o river_n and_o pond_n have_v continue_v hard_o freeze_v over_o during_o the_o winter_n the_o thaw_v be_v make_v in_o one_o day_n which_o since_o the_o freeze_a of_o the_o water_n as_o he_o tell_v we_o require_v many_o make_v it_o very_o probable_a that_o the_o sudden_a thaw_n be_v effect_v as_o he_o also_o incline_v to_o think_v by_o subterraneal_a steam_n which_o i_o may_v well_o suppose_v to_o be_v exceed_o copious_a and_o to_o diffuse_v themselves_o every_o way_n to_o a_o very_a great_a extent_n since_o they_o be_v able_a so_o soon_o to_o thaw_v the_o river_n and_o pond_n of_o a_o large_a territory_n and_o
of_o some_o liquor_n will_v show_v none_o in_o a_o great_a the_o method_n i_o shall_v follow_v in_o deliver_v my_o observation_n shall_v be_v first_o to_o run_v over_o the_o various_a liquor_n or_o body_n whether_o fluid_a or_o consistent_a simple_a or_o compound_v etc._n etc._n use_v in_o this_o work_n second_o what_o figure_v observable_a in_o those_o ice_n three_o some_o effect_n arise_v 〈◊〉_d four_o some_o property_n and_o quality_n five_o some_o let_n or_o help_v both_o to_o freeze_a and_o thaw_v six_o some_o use_v 〈◊〉_d ice_n in_o pursuance_n of_o which_o particular_n i_o have_v recourse_n to_o those_o ingenious_a 〈◊〉_d of_o mr._n 〈◊〉_d register_v in_o your_o cimelia_fw-la and_o then_o to_o bartholinus_n his_o late_a book_n de_fw-fr nive_n and_o to_o my_o own_o collect_v note_n from_o various_a author_n add_v whatsoever_o trial_n i_o think_v meet_v and_o in_o all_o these_o i_o have_v bare_o set_v down_o matter_n of_o fact_n neither_o mention_v the_o author_n nor_o their_o error_n which_o will_v have_v be_v both_o nauseous_a and_o tedious_a nor_o 〈◊〉_d i_o endeavour_v to_o render_v a_o reason_n of_o the_o various_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o can_v be_v do_v without_o a_o volume_n but_o shall_v leave_v that_o province_n to_o a_o honourable_a person_n of_o this_o society_n who_o have_v have_v much_o experience_n and_o reflection_n on_o this_o subject_n and_o now_o to_o my_o task_n as_o to_o my_o first_o head_n of_o thing_n use_v i_o shall_v begin_v with_o common_a water_n which_o i_o expose_v in_o a_o triple_a 〈◊〉_d in_o like_a quantity_n and_o in_o open_a 〈◊〉_d viz._n first_o cold_a second_o boil_v hot_a three_o a_o equal_a mixture_n of_o both_o the_o former_a the_o effect_n be_v this_o the_o cold_a be_v freeze_v in_o one_o hour_n the_o boil_a hot_a in_o two_o hour_n and_o the_o mix_v in_o hour_n 1_o and_o ½_o but_o with_o this_o difference_n that_o the_o cold_a do_v freeze_v first_o at_o the_o top_n and_o side_n and_o have_v a_o large_a thick_a crust_n before_o there_o be_v any_o show_n of_o ice_n in_o the_o boil_a hot_a but_o the_o mix_v and_o boil_a hot_a begin_v to_o freeze_v first_o at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o vessel_n and_o when_o the_o top_n be_v cold_a than_o it_o freeze_v there_o also_o leave_v betwixt_o the_o bottom_n and_o top_n of_o the_o vessel_n a_o cavity_n for_o the_o water_n which_o in_o time_n be_v whole_o convert_v to_o ice_n the_o same_o succeed_v most_o manifest_o in_o these_o water_n pour_v on_o a_o smooth_a table_n where_o the_o cold_a water_n be_v present_o freeze_v before_o the_o boil_a hot_a water_n can_v become_v cold_a at_o the_o bottom_n water_n exhaust_v of_o air_n in_o mr._n boil_v engine_n be_v freeze_v almost_o as_o soon_o as_o a_o like_a quantity_n expose_v in_o a_o open_a pan_n the_o ice_n whereof_o appear_v white_a and_o to_o consist_v pure_o of_o bubble_n the_o glass_n use_v be_v a_o four_o ounce_n round_a vial_n and_o a_o small_a tube_n one_o foot_n long_o half_o fill_v with_o water_n 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less_o than_o the_o liquor_n of_o which_o it_o be_v make_v for_o i_o can_v never_o discern_v any_o object_n though_o but_o confuse_o a_o foot_n beyond_o the_o clear_a piece_n of_o ice_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o many_o bubble_n and_o luminous_a part_n within_o it_o which_o bubble_n show_v only_a shadow_n but_o the_o ice_n its_o self_n interpose_v betwixt_o your_o eye_n and_o a_o candle_n appear_v in_o many_o round_a circle_n from_o which_o proceed_v many_o ray_n of_o light_n four_o or_o five_o or_o more_o in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o star_n of_o about_o a_o ¼_n of_o a_o inch_n in_o diameter_n which_o so_o glase_v your_o eye_n you_o can_v scarce_o see_v any_o thing_n but_o bright_a light_n and_o shadow_n as_o for_o its_o penetration_n and_o thickness_n something_o have_v be_v say_v above_o to_o which_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o i_o have_v see_v the_o thames_n ice_n of_o the_o thickness_n of_o eight_o inch_n or_o more_o near_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o river_n and_o on_o the_o side_n much_o 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a_o far_o deep_a colour_n and_o bitter_a taste_n in_o the_o middle_n and_o towards_o the_o bottom_n then_o towards_o the_o outside_n of_o it_o and_o whereas_o barclay_n relate_v that_o king_n james_n be_v in_o denmark_n to_o fetch_v his_o queen_n thence_o in_o the_o winter_n season_n have_v his_o nose_n and_o ear_n in_o danger_n of_o gangreen_v which_o be_v timely_o perceive_v by_o some_o of_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n nobility_n they_o cause_v the_o part_n to_o be_v rub_v with_o snow_n and_o so_o the_o danger_n be_v avoid_v the_o same_o traveller_n affirm_v that_o in_o the_o northern_a part_n where_o man_n become_v stiff_a with_o cold_a and_o almost_o freeze_v to_o death_n that_o they_o rub_v the_o freeze_a part_n with_o snow_n or_o else_o cast_v the_o whole_a body_n into_o water_n by_o which_o mean_v the_o whole_a body_n be_v crust_v over_o with_o ice_n as_o egg_n and_o apple_n be_v as_o if_o the_o freeze_a atom_n do_v pass_v from_o the_o body_n freeze_v into_o the_o water_n or_o 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experiment_n mention_v by_o olearius_n of_o make_v huge_a heap_n of_o ice_n to_o be_v preserve_v for_o cool_v of_o their_o drink_n i_o observe_v that_o by_o pour_v water_n into_o a_o open_a pan_n or_o into_o a_o flask_n gradual_o some_o at_o one_o time_n some_o at_o another_o i_o can_v quick_o freeze_v by_o this_o way_n a_o whole_a flaskfull_a when_o near_o half_a of_o a_o flask_n fill_v at_o one_o though_o help_v by_o art_n be_v unfrozen_a i_o observe_v also_o that_o the_o ditch_n betwixt_o southwark_n and_o redderiff_n have_v acquire_v a_o exceed_a thickness_n of_o ice_n cause_v by_o the_o flow_a of_o the_o water_n in_o they_o at_o full_a tide_n for_o new_a water_n be_v bring_v in_o by_o the_o tide_n be_v there_o congeal_v to_o the_o thickness_n of_o some_o inch_n every_o ebb_a and_o flow_v i_o observe_v also_o the_o ice_n on_o the_o bank_n of_o thames_n above_o two_o yard_n thick_a the_o inhabitant_n tell_v i_o they_o have_v see_v it_o three_o or_o four_o yard_n thick_a which_o thus_o come_v to_o pass_v the_o tide_n flow_v in_o and_o meet_v with_o great_a flake_n of_o ice_n drive_v they_o to_o the_o bank_n and_o lodge_v they_o on_o the_o ice_n there_o freeze_v which_o flake_n unite_n there_o with_o the_o former_a ice_n raise_v it_o to_o that_o excessive_a height_n or_o thickness_n beside_o every_o one_o may_v observe_v in_o london_n street_n and_o elsewhere_o in_o channel_n where_o no_o constant_a current_n be_v that_o water_n come_v from_o the_o house_n soon_o fill_v the_o channel_n with_o thick_a ice_n for_o run_v but_o a_o little_a at_o a_o time_n it_o freeze_v almost_o as_o fast_o as_o it_o come_v thither_o nay_o i_o have_v see_v ice_n of_o some_o yard_n thickness_n in_o such_o place_n where_o a_o small_a rill_n or_o stream_n of_o water_n gentle_o fall_v on_o the_o side_n of_o a_o hill_n among_o those_o thing_n that_o will_v freeze_v mortar_n and_o plaster_n of_o paris_n be_v omit_v and_o thence_o it_o be_v that_o plasterer_n and_o bricklayer_n play_v all_o the_o winter_n my_o lord_n verulam_n in_o his_o natural_a history_n and_o some_o from_o he_o have_v affirm_v to_o i_o that_o apple_n and_o egg_n cover_v with_o a_o wet_a cloth_n will_v not_o freeze_v but_o i_o find_v no_o difference_n in_o those_o that_o be_v thus_o cover_v and_o they_o that_o be_v not_o add_v to_o those_o that_o sink_v upon_o congelation_n all_o oil_n from_o animal_n and_o from_o vegetable_n that_o be_v extract_v by_o expression_n or_o boil_a add_v to_o those_o that_o freeze_v not_o water_n and_o sugar_n boil_v to_o the_o consistence_n of_o a_o syrup_n and_o also_o all_o other_o syrup_n none_o whereof_o i_o can_v ever_o take_v notice_n or_o learn_v by_o other_o that_o they_o will_v freeze_v it_o be_v true_a that_o water_n have_v a_o equal_a quantity_n of_o sugar_n dissolve_v in_o it_o will_v freeze_v but_o with_o a_o little_a more_o mix_v therewith_o freeze_v not_o to_o try_v the_o effect_n of_o cold_a upon_o lodestone_n i_o expose_v several_a of_o they_o in_o the_o open_a air_n and_o also_o within_o room_n in_o the_o most_o severe_a weather_n the_o needle_n be_v keep_v in_o a_o warm_a place_n at_o other_o time_n i_o expose_v the_o needle_n to_o the_o cold_a air_n keep_v the_o stone_n warm_a at_o other_o time_n both_o be_v expose_v but_o in_o none_o of_o my_o experiment_n can_v i_o conclude_v any_o thing_n certain_a to_o their_o attractive_a faculty_n for_o the_o sphere_n of_o their_o activity_n be_v find_v to_o be_v sometime_o great_a and_o sometime_o less_o to_o a_o considerable_a difference_n in_o ten_o several_a good_a stone_n employ_v for_o this_o purpose_n i_o assay_v also_o to_o find_v out_o a_o standard_n of_o cold_a whereby_o to_o fit_v the_o tinged_a spirit_n of_o wine_n for_o the_o weather-glass_n and_o to_o that_o end_n make_v use_v of_o conduit_n water_n and_o the_o distil_a water_n of_o plantain_n poppy_n blackcherry_n nightshade_n scurvigrass_n and_o horse-raddish_n all_o which_o be_v first_o place_v in_o the_o same_o room_n where_o a_o fire_n be_v keep_v and_o then_o remove_v and_o measure_v out_o into_o spoon_n in_o equal_a quantity_n and_o also_o a_o drop_n of_o they_o drop_v on_o the_o same_o bench_n but_o though_o this_o be_v often_o try_v i_o can_v not_o make_v any_o sure_a inference_n from_o they_o only_o i_o observe_v that_o the_o blackcherry_n water_n do_v for_o the_o most_o part_n freeze_v first_o but_o the_o other_o with_o very_o great_a uncertainty_n the_o horse-raddish_n and_o scurvigrass_n water_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n freeze_v last_o the_o best_a way_n to_o discover_v the_o very_a beginning_n of_o freeze_a of_o liquor_n be_v to_o move_v a_o pin_n or_o needle_n through_o the_o liquor_n whereby_o the_o ice_n will_v be_v raise_v and_o become_v discernible_a when_o the_o naked_a eye_n can_v discover_v none_o at_o all_o finis_fw-la figure_n 1._o page_z 9_o 10_o 11_o â—_o 98._o a_o the_o ball_n or_o egg._n b_o c_o the_o stem_n d_o the_o little_a aqueous_a cylinder_n figure_n 2._o the_o open_a wether_n glass_n mention_v pag._n 24_o &_o 43_o figure_n 3._o the_o seal_a weatherglass_n or_o thermoscopâ—mentioned_v pag._n 24_o 55_o 56._o figure_n 4._o the_o barometer_n oâ—_n mercurial_a standard_n place_v in_o frame_n b_o b_o mention_v pag._n 25_o figure_n 5._o a_o instrument_n mention_v pag._n 93._o a_o the_o vial._n b_o c_o the_o pipe_n cement_v in_o it_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o vial_n open_a at_o â—_o and_o seal_v at_o b._n figure_n 6._o pag._n 97._o a_o the_o bolt-head_n b_o the_o small_a stem_n b_o c_o the_o cylinder_n of_o wateâ—_n enclose_v figure_n 7._o pag._n 101._o 101._o it_o be_v think_v needless_a to_o insert_v mr._n hobs_n scheme_n touch_v this_o subject_n because_o it_o only_o show_v that_o wind_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o cold._n sceptical_a chemist_n chemist_n chapter_n the_o five_o of_o that_o treatise_n treatise_n the_o two_o essay_n of_o the_o unsuccesfulness_n of_o experiment_n experiment_n another_o remarkable_a instance_n of_o the_o variable_a success_n of_o the_o experiment_n of_o cold_a i_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d with_o in_o a_o experiment_n 〈◊〉_d the_o 〈◊〉_d dr._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o 〈◊〉_d of_o oil_n of_o 〈◊〉_d for_o though_o i_o 〈◊〉_d that_o liquor_n in_o small_a '_o vessel_n of_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d in_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d at_o one_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o 〈◊〉_d of_o the_o air_n in_o 〈◊〉_d night_n 〈◊〉_d extraordinary_o sharp_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v more_o our_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o salt_n will_v 〈◊〉_d the_o experiment_n succeed_v 〈◊〉_d that_o we_o try_v it_o with_o several_a parcel_n of_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n and_o yet_o that_o the_o learned_a doctor_n by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o air_n alone_o for_o he_o use_v not_o our_o 〈◊〉_d mixture_n do_v bring_v that_o liquor_n either_o to_o