must put into the milke or drinke being made luke warme and giue it the horse with a horne and immediately after the drinke be giuen catch hold of his tongue with your hand and hauing broken two raw Egges either vpon his foreteeth or against the staffe wherewith his head is holden vp cast those broken Egges shels and all into his throat making him to swallow downe the same that doone ride him vp and downe till he beginne to sweate then set him vp couered warme with an old couerlet and straw not suffering him to eate nor drinke for the space of two or three houres after and let his drinke for the space of two or three daies bee somewhat warme whereinto it is good to put a handfull or two of bran or ground malt and in giuing the said drinke it shall not be amisse to poure some thereof into either nostrill Of the mourning of the Chine THis word mourning of the Chine is a corrupt name borrowed of the French toong wherein it is cald Mote deschien that is to say the death of the backe Because many do hold this opinion that this disease doth consume the marrow of the backe for remedy whereof they vse strange kinds of cures For some taking it to be a rheume go about to stop it by laying a strictiue or binding charges to the nape of the necke Some againe do twine out the pith of the backe with a long wire thrust vp into the horsses head and so into his necke and backe with what reason I know not Well I know that few horsses do recouer that haue this disease Some againe thinke that the lungs of the horse be rotten and that the horse doth cast them out at his nose But Martin saith that he hath cut vp diuers horsses which haue been iudged to haue dyed of the mourning of the chine but he could find neuer either back or lungs to be perished but onely the liuer and most commonly that side of the liuer which answeareth the nostrill whereat he casteth whereof we will talke in his proper place when we come to speake of the diseases in the Liuer The Italians do call this disease Ciamorro the olde Authors do cal it the moist malady whereof Theomnestus maketh two differences For in the one the matter which he doth cast at the nose is white and doeth not smell at all and in the other that which he casteth is filthy and sticking corruption They proceed both of cold humors congealed in the head but more abounding in the one then in the other by reason perhaps that the horsse was not cured in time for of colde first commeth the Pose and the cough then the Glanders and last of all the mourning of the chine When the horse casteth matter at the nose that is not stinking he may easily be cured by such remedyes as haue beene before declared in the chapter of the Pose but if the matter be very filthy and stincking then it is very harde to cure Notwithstanding it shall not grieue me to write vnto you heere the experience of Theomnestus and of Laurentius Russius Theomnestus cure is thus Take of Water and hony called of the Physitians Hydromel a quart and put thereunto three ounces of oyle and powre that into his nostrill euerye morning the space of three daies and if that do not profit him then let him drinke euery day or once in two daies a quart of olde wine mingled with some of the medicine or rather the precious meate called of the olde writers Tetraphramacum and that will restore him to his former estate Laurentius Russius saith that of al diseases ther is non more perillous nor more to be suspected thâ—n the rheume which commeth of cold for horses haue large Conduites and are full of moisture and therefore if colde once enter it findeth matter inough to worke on to breede continuall distillation as well outwardly at the nose as inwardly descending downe to the vitall part in such sort as it doth not suffocat the same The signes according to the said Russius be these the horse doth cast matter continually at the nosâ— sometime thinne and sometime thicke his nostrils eares and al his outward parts wil be cold to the feeling his eyes head and all his body heauy and he will cough and haue smal appetite to his meat and lesse to his drinke and sometime he will tremble and shake his cure is in this sort Purge his head partly by perfuming him and partly by making him to neeze in such sort as hath beene before taught in the chapter of the pose which waies of perfuming and purging his head as they bee good so doeth Russius praise these two heere following to be most excellent the first is this Take of the stalkes of Vitis alba otherwise called Brioni or wilde Vine two or three good handfuls and being brused put them into a linnen bagge and fasten the bagge to the horses head so as he may receiue the scent vp into his nostrils without touching the hearb wiâ—h his mouth and this will cause the humors to run downe aboundantly The second medicine Take of Euforbium beaten into fine powder three ounces of the iuice of Betes one pound of Swines blood halfe a pound boile al these togither vntil they bee thrâ—ughly mingled togither and liquide like an ointment and then take it from the fire and put thereunto one ounce more of Euforbium and mingle them againe thoroughly togither and preserue the same in a box to vse at needefull times in this sort Make two stiffe long rowles or tampins of linnen clowtes or such like stuffe sharpe pointed like suger-loues which tampins are called of the physitians in Latine Pessi and being annointed with the ointment aforesaid thrust them vp into the horsses nostrils and let them abide therein a pretty whilk then pul them out and you shal see such abundance of matter â—â—me forth at his nose as is marueilous to behold Russius also praiseth verye much this medicine heere following Take as much of the middle barke of an Elder tree growing on the water side as will fil a new earthen pot of a meane size putting thereunto as much cleere water as a pot wll hold and let it boile vntil one halfe be consumed and then to be filled vppe againe with fresh water continuing so to doe three times one after another and at the last time that the one halfe is consumed take it from the fire and straine it throgh a linnen cloth Then take two partes of that decoction and one part of hogges greace or Butter and being warmed againe togither giue the horsse to drinke thereof one horneful and poure another hornefull into his nostril that casteth and whensoeuer you giue him this medicine let the horse bee empty and fasting and keepe him without meat also two or three hours after for this is a very good drinke for anye sicknesse that commeth of cold Moreouer open the skinne of his
foreheade and of his temples and also of his taile with a sharpe hot yron that the corrupt humours may yssue outward That done take hot brickes or else a pan of fresh burning coales and hold it nigh vnto his belly and flankes to the entent that they may bee thoroughly warmed and being so warmed annoint them al ouer with oyle de Bav or Dialthea to defend his body from the cold and let his head be well couered and al his bely kept warme Yea and it were good to bath his head sometime as Russius saith with a bath made of Rew Wormewoode Sage Iuneper Bay leaues and Hysop And let his drinke be warme water mingled with Wheat meale yea and to make it the more comfortable it were good as Russius saith to put thereunto some Cinamon Ginger Galingale such hot pieces And his meat in Winter season would bee no other but sodden corne or warme mashes made of ground Malt and wheat bran in summer season if he went to grasse I think it would do him most good so that he go in a dry warm ground for by feeding alwaies downeward he shall purge his head the better as Russius saith Thus much of the Glanders and mourning of the Chine Now we wil speake somwhat of the strangullion according to the opinion of the Authors though not to the satisfaction perhaps of our English Ferrers Of the strangullion or Squinancy THe Strangullion called of the Latines Angina according to the Physitians is an inflamation of the inward partes of the throate and as I saide before is called of the Greeks Synanchi which is as much to say in English as strangling wherof this name strangullion as I thinke is deriued for this disease doth strangle euery man or beast and therefore is numbred amongst the perilous and sharp diseases called of the Latines Morbi accuti of which strangilng the physitians in mans body make foure differences The first and worst is when no part within the mouth nor without appereth manifestly to be inflamed and yet the patient is in great perill of strangling The second is when the inwarde parts of the throat onely be inflamed The third is when the inward and outward partes of the throat be both inflamed The fourth is when the muscles of the necke are inflamed or the inward ioynts thereof so loosened as they straiten thereby both the throat or wesand or wind-pipe for short breath is incident to all the foure kinds before recited and they proceede all of one cause that is to say of some collerick or bloody-fluxion which comes out of the branches of the throat-vaines into those parts and there breedeth some hot inflamation But now to proue that a horse is subiect to this disease you shall hear what Absirtus Hierocles Vegetius and others doe say Absirtus writing to his friend a certaine Ferrer or horse-leach called Aistoricus speaketh in this manner When a Horse hath the strangvllion it quickly killeth him the signes whereof be these His temples will be hollow his tong will swell and hang out of his mouth his eies also will be swollen and the passage of his throat stopt so as he can neither eat nor drinke All these signes be also confirmed by Hierocles Moreouer Vegetius rendereth the cause of this disease affirming that it proceedeth of aboundance of subtile blood which after long trauell will inflame the inward or outward muscles of the throat or wisand or such affluence of blood may come by vse of hot meats after great trauell being so alteratiue as they cause those parts to swell in such sort as the Horse can neither eat nor drinke nor draw his breath The cure according to vegetius is in this sort First bath his mouth and tongue well with hot water and then annoint it with the gal of a Bull that done giue him this drinke Take of old oyle two pound of olde wine a quart nine figs and nine Leekes heads well stamped and braied together And after you haue boiled these a while before you straine them put therunto a little Nitrum Alexandrinum and giue him a quarte of this euery morning and euening Absirtus and Hierocles would haue you to let him blood in the palate of his mouth and also to poure wine and oile into his nostrils and also giue him to drinke this decoction of Figs and Nitrum sodden together or else to anoint his throat within with nitre oyle and hony or else with hony hogs dung mingled together which differeth not much from Galen his medicine to be giuen vnto man For he saith that hony mingled with the powder of hogs dung that is white and swallowed downe doth remedy the squanancy presently Absirtus also praiseth the oyntment made of Bdellium and when the inflamation beginneth somwhat to decrease he saieth it is good to purge the horse by giuing him wild Cocumber and Nitre to drink Let his meat be grasse if it may be gotten or else wet hay and sprinkled with Nitre Let his drinke also be lukewarme water with some barly meale in it Of the Cough OF Coughes some be outward and some be inwarde Those bee outward which doe come of outward causes as by eating a feather or by eating dusty or sharpe straw and such like things which tickling his throate causeth him to cough you shal perceiue it by wagging and wrying his head in his coughing and by stamping somtime with his foote laboring to get out the thing that grieueth him and cannot The cure according to Martin is thus Take a Willow wand rowled throughout with a fine linnen clout and then annoint it all ouer with hony and thrust it downe his throat drawing your hand to and fro to the intent it may either driue down the thing that grieueth him or else bring it vp and do this twice or thrice annointing euery time the sticke with fresh hony Of the inward and wet cough OF inward Coughs some be wet and some be dry The wet cough is that commeth of cold taken after some great heat giuen to the Horsse dissoluing humors which being afterward congealed do cause obstruction and stopping in the lungs And I call it the wet cough because the Horse in his coughing will voide moist matter at his mouth after that it is once broken The signes be these The Horsse will be heauy and his eies wil run a water and he wil forsake his meate and when he cougheth he thrusteth out his head and reacheth with great paine at the first as though hee had a dry cough vntill the fleame be broken and then hee will cough more hollow which is a signe of amendment And therfore according to Martins experience to the intent the fleam may breake the sooner it shal be necessary to keepe him warme by clothing him with a double cloth and by littering him vp to the belly with fresh straw and then to giue him this drinke take of barly one peck and boile it in 2. or 3. gallons of
faire water vntil the barly begin to burst and boile therewith of bruised Licoras of Annis-seedes or Raisins of each one pound then straine it and to that liquor put of hony a pinte and a quarterne of Sugar candy and keepe it close in a pot to serue the horse therwith foure seuerall mornings and cast not away the sodden barly with the rest of the strainings but make it hot euery day to perfume the horse withal being put in a bag and tyed to his hed and if the horse will eat of it it shal do him the more good And this perfuming in winter season would be vsed about ten of the clocke in the morning when the Sun is of some height to the intent the horse may be walked abroad if the Sun shine to exercise him moderatly And vntill his cough weare away faile not to giue him warm water with a little ground mault And as his cough breaketh more and more so let his water euery be lesse warmed then other Of the dry cough THis seemeth to come of some grosse and tough humor cleauing hard to the hollow places of the lungs which stoppeth the wind-pips so as the horse cannot easily draw his breath and if it continue it wil either grow to the pursick or else breake his wind altogether The signs be these He wil cough both often drily and also vehemently without voiding at the nose or mouth The cure according to Martin is in this sort Take a close earthen pot and put therein three pints of strong vineger and foure egs shels and all vnbroken and foure Garlike heads cleane pilled and bruised and set the pot being very close couered in some warme dunghill and there let it stand a whole night and the next morning with your hand take out the egges which will be so soft as silke and lay them by vntill you haue strained the Garlike and Vineger through a faire cloath then put to that liquor a quarterne of hony and halfe a quarterne of Sugarcandy and two ounces of Lycoras and two ounces of Annis-seedes beaten al into fine powder And then the Horsse hauing fasted al the night before in the morning betwixt seuen and eight of the clocke open his mouth with a cord and whorle therein one of the egges so as he may swallow it downe and then immediately poure in after it a horneful of the aforesaide drinke being first made lukewarme and cast in another egge with another horne full af drinke and so continue to do vntill he hath swallowed vp all the egges and drunke vp all the drinke and then bridle him and couer him with warmer cloathes then he had before and bring him into the stable and ther let him stand on the bit at the bare rack wel littered vp to the belly the space of two houres Then vnbit him and if it be in winter offer him a handfull of wheaten straw if in summer giue him grasse and let him eat no hay Blundevilâ— vnlesse it be very wel dusted and sprinkled with water and giue him not much thereof And therefore you shal need to giue him the more prouender which also most be wel clensed of al filth and dust and giue him no water the space of 9. daies And if you perceiue that the cough doth not weare away then if it be in winter purge him with these pilles Take of lard two pound laid in water two houres then take nothing but the cleane fat thereof and stamp it in a morter and thereto put of Licoras of Annis-seeds of Fenegreeke of each beaten into powder three ounces of Aloes in powder two ounces of Agerick one ounce Knead these together like paast and make thereof six bals as big as an egge Then the horse hauing fasted ouer night giue him the next morning these pilles one after another anointed with hony and oile mingled together in a platter and to the intent he may swallow them down whether he wil or not when you haue opened his mouth catch hold of his tong and hold it fast while you whirle in one of the pilâ— that done thrust it into his throat with a roling-pin then let his tongue go vntill he hath swallowed it downe then giue him in like manner all the rest of the pilles and let him stand on the bit warme cloathed and littered the space of three houres at the least and after that giue him a little wet hay and warme water with a little ground mault in it to drinke and let him drinke no other but warme water the space of a weeke And now and then in a faire sunny day it shall be good to trot him one houre abroad to breath him Of the fretized broken and rotten lungs THis proceedeth as Absirtus and Theomnestus saith either of an extreame cough or of vehement running or leaping or of ouer greedy drinking after great thirst for the lungs be inclosed in a very thin filme or skin and therefore easie to be broken which if it be not cured in time doth grow to apostumation and to corruption oppressing all the lungs which of old Authors is called Vomica and Suppâ—ratio But Theomnestus saith that broken lungs and rotten lungs be two diuers diseases and haue diuers signes and diuers cures The signes of broken lungs be these The Horse draweth his wind short and by little at once he will turne his head often toward the place grieued and groneth in his breathing he is afraid to cough and yet cougheth as though he had eaten small bones The same Theomnestus healed a friends horse of his whose lunges were fretized or rather broken as he saith by continual eating salt with this manner of cure here following Let the Horsse haue quiet and rest and then let him blood in the hanches where the vaines appeare most and giue him to drinke the space of seuen daies barly or rather Otes sodden in Goates milke or if you can get no milke boile it in water and put therein some thicke collops of larde and of Deeres sewet and let him drinke that and let his common drinke in winter season be the decoction of wheat meale and in summer time the decoction of barly and this as he sayth wil binde his lungs againe together Vegetius vtterly disalloweth letting of blood in any such disease as this is all maner of sharp medicynes for feare of prouoking the cough by means wherof the broken places can neuer heale perfectly And therfore neither his medicines nor meat would be harsh but smooth gentle and cooling The best medicine that may be giuen him at all times is this take of Fenegreeke and of Linceede of each halfe a pound of Gum dragagant of Mastick of Myrrhe of Sugar of Fitch flower of each one ounce Let all these things be beaten into fine powder and then infused one whole night in a sufficient quantity of warme Water and the next day giue him a quarte of this lukewarme putting thereunto two or three ounces of
oile of Roses continuing so to do many dayes together and if the disease be new this wil heal him yea and it will ease him very much although the disease be old which is thought vncurable And in winter season so long as he standeth in the stable let him drink no cold water and let his meat be cleane without dust but in summer season it were best to let him runne to grasse for so long as he eateth grasse a man shalscantly perceiue this disease Thus much of broken lungs Of putrified and rotten lungs THe signes to know whether a Horsses lungs be putrified or rotten according to Theomnestus are these The Horsse will eat and drinke greedilyer then he was wont to do he shal be oftner vexed with a cough and in coughing he will cast little lumps of matter out at his mouth The cure whereof according to Theomnestus is thus Giue him to drinke euery morning the space of seuen daies the iuyce of Purslain mingled with Oyle of Roses and ad thereunto a little tragagantum that hath been layed before in steep in Goates milke or else in Barly or Oten milke strained out of the corne When the Apostume is broken then a very strong vile and euill sauour will come out of his Nostrils for remedy whereof it shall be good to giue him the space of seuen daies this drink here following take of the roote called Costus two ounces and of Casia or else of Cinamon three ounces beaten into fine powder and a fewe Raisins and giue it him to drinke with wine But Vegetius would haue him to be cured in this sort and with lesse cost I assure you Take of Frankincense and Aristoloch of each two ounces beaten into fine powder and giue him that with wine or else take of vnburnt Brimstone two ounces and of Aristoloch one ounce and a halfe beaten into powder and giue him that with wine And hee would haue you also to draw his breast with a hot iron to the intent the humors may issue forth outwardly Of shortnesse of breath A Horsse may haue shortnesse of breath by hasty running after drinking or vpon a full stomach or by the discending of humors vnto his throat or lungs after som extreame heate dissoluing the said humors which so long as there is nothing broken may in the beginning be easily holpen The signes bee these The Horsse will continually pant and fetch his breath short which wil come very hot out at his nose and in his breathing he will squise in the nose and his flanks will beate thicke yea and some cannot fetch their breath vnlesse they hold their neckes right out and straight which disease is called of the old writers by the Greeke name Orthopnoea The cure Let him blood in the neck and giue him this drinke take of wine and oile of each a pint of Frankincense halfe an ounce and of the iuyce of Horehound halfe a pinte It is good also to poure into his throate hony butter and Hogs-greace moulten together and made lukewarme Tiberius saith it is good to giue him whole egges shels and all steeped and made soft in vineger that is to say the first day three the second day fiue and the third day seuen and to power wine and and oile into his nostrils I for my part would take nothing but Annis-seedes Licoras and Sugarcandy beaten all into fine powder giue him that to drinke with wine and oile mingled together Of the Pursicke THis is a shortnes of breath and the horse that is so diseased is called of the Italians Cauallo pulsiuo or Bolse which I thinke is deriued of the Latin word Vulsus by changing V. into B. and I think differeth not much from him that hath broken lungs called of vegetius and other old writers vulsus for such shortnesse of breath coms either of the same causes or else much like as aboundance of grosse humors cleauing harde to the hollow places of the lungs and stopping the wind-pips And the wind being kept in doth resort downeward as Russius saith into the Horsses guts and so causeth his flanks to beat continually without order that is to say more swiftly and hier vp to the backe then the flankes of any Horsse that is sound of wind And if the disease be old it is seldome or neuer cured and though I finde many medicines prescrided by diuers Authors fewe or none do content me vnlesse it be that of Vegetius recited before in the Chapter of broken lungs And if that preuaileth not then I thinke it were not amisse according to Russius to purge him with this drinke heere following take of Maiden haire of Ireos of Ash of Licoras of Fenegreeke of Raisins of each halfe an ounce of Cardanum of pepper Blundevile of bitter Almonds of Baurach of each two ounces of nettle seede and of Aristoloch of each three ounces boile them al together in a sufficient quantity of water and in that decoction dissolue halfe an ounce of Agarike and two oun of Coloquintida together with two pound of Hony and giue him of this a pinte or a quarte at diuers times and if it be too thick make it thinner by putting therunto water wherin Licoras hath beene sodden and if neede be you may also draw both his flankes crosse-wise with a hot iron to restraine the beating of them and also slit his Nostrils to giue him more aire And if it bee in summer turne him to grasse if in winter let him be kept warme and giue him now and then a little sodden wheat Russius would haue it to bee giuen him three daies together and also newe sweet wine to drinke or else other good wine mingled with Licoras water Of a Consumption A Consumption is none other thing but an exulceration of the lunges proceeding of some fretting or gnawing humor descending out of the head into the lungs And I take it to be that disease which the old writers are wont to cal the dry Malady which perhaps some wold rather interpret to be the mourning of the chine with whom I intend not to striue But thus much I must needes say that euery Horsse hauing the mourning of the Chine doth continually cast at the nose but in the dry Malady it is contrary For all the Authors that write thereof affirme that the Horsse auoideth nothing at the Nose And the signs be to know the dry Malady according to their doctrin be these His flesh doth cleane consume away his belly is gaunt and the skinne thereof so harde stretched or rather shrunke vp as if you strike on him with your hand it will sound like a Tabar and he will be hollow backt and forsake his meat and though he eateth it as Absirtus saith yet he doth not digest it nor prospereth not withall he would cough and cannot but hickingly as though he had eaten small bones And this disease is iudged of all the Authors to be incurable Notwithstanding they say that it is good to purge
his head with such perfumes as haue beene shewed you before in the Chapter of the Glanders and also to giue him alwaies Coleworts chopt small with his prouender Some would haue him to drinke the warme blood of sucking pigs new slaine and some the iuyce of Leekes with oile and wine mingling together Others praise wine and Frankincense some oyle and Rue some would haue his body to be purged and set to grasse Of the consumption of the flesh and how to make a leane Horse fat MArtin saith that if a Horse take a great cold after a heat it wil cause his flesh to wast and his skin to wax hard and dry and to cleaue fast to his sides and hee shall haue no appetite vnto his meat and the fillets of his backe wil fal away and all the flesh of his buttocks and of his shoulders will be consumed The cure whereof is thus Take two sheepes heads vnflead boile them in three gallons of Ale or faire running water vntill the flesh be consumed from the bones that done strain it through a fine cloth and then put thereunto of Sugar one pound of Cinamon two ounces of conserue of Roses of Barberries of Cherries of each two ounces and mingle them together and giue the Horsse euery day in the morning a quart thereof lukewarme vntil all be spent and after euery time he drinketh let him be walked vp and downe in the stable or else abroade if the weather be warme and not windy and let him neither eate nor drinke in two houres after and let him drinke no cold water but lukewarme the space of fifteene daies and let him be fed by little and little with such meate as the Horse hath most appetite vnto But if the horse be nesh and tender so wax lean without any apparant griefe or disease then the old writers would haue him to be fed now and then with partched Wheat and also to drinke Wine with his water and eate continually wheate bran mingled with his prouender vntill hee waxe stronge and hee must be often dressed and trimmed and lye softe without the which things his meat will do him but little good And his meat must be fine and cleane and giuen him often and by litttle at once Russius saith that if a Horsse eating his meat with good appetite doth not for al that prosper but is stil leane then it is good to giue him Sage Sauin Bay berries Earth-nuttes and Boares greace to drinke with wine or to giue him the intrals of a Barbell or Tench with white Wine He saith also that sodden Beanes mingled with Branne and Salt will make a leane Horsse fat in very short space Of griefe in the breast Blundevile LAurentius Russius writeth of a disease called in Italian Grauezza di petto which hath not beene in experience amongst our Ferrers that I can learn It coms as Russius saith of the superfluity of blood or other humors dissolued by some extreame heat and resorting down the breast paining the Horsse so as he cannot well go The cure whereof according to Russius is thus Let him bloode on both sides of the breast in the accostomed vaines and rowell him vnder the breast and twice a daye turne the rowells with your hand to mooue the humours that they may yssue forth and let him goe so roweled the space of fifteene daies Of the paine of the heart called Anticor that is to say Contrary to the heart THis proceedeth of aboundance of ranke blood bred with good feeding ouermuch rest which blood resorting to the inward parts doth suffocate the heart and many times causeth swellinges to appeare before the breast which will grow vpwarde to the necke and then it killeth the Horsse The signes The Horse will hang downe his head in the manger forsaking his meate and is not able to lift vp his head The cure according to Martin is thus Let him blood on both sides aboundantly in the plat vaines and then giue him this drinke take a quart of malmesie and put thereunto halfe a quarterne of Sugar and two ounces of Cinamon and giue it him lukewarme then keepe him warme in the stable stuffing him well about the stomach that the wind offend him no manner of way and giue him warme water with mault alawies to drinke and giue him such meate as he will eate And if the swelling do appeare then besides letting him blood strike the swelling in diuers places with your fleame that the corruption may goe forth and annoint the place with warme Hogs greace and that wil either make it to weare away or else to grow to a head if it be couered and kept warme Of tired Horsses BIcause we are in hand heere with the vitall partes and that when the Horsses be tyred with ouermuch labour their vitall spirits wax feeble I thinke it best to speak of them euen heere not with long discoursing as Vegetius vseth but briefely to shew you how to refresh the poore Horsse hauing neede thereof which is doone chiefely by giuing him rest warmth and good feeding as with warme mashes and plenty of prouender And to quicken his spirits it shall be good to poure a little oyle and vineger into his Nostrils and to giue him the drinke of sheeps heads recited before in the Chapter of consumption of the flesh yea and also to bath his Legges with this bath take of Mallowes of Sage of each two or three handfuls and a Rose-cake boile these things together and being boyled then put vnto it a good quantity of butter or of Sallet-oyle Or else make him this charge take of Bole Armony and of Wheat-flower of each halfe a pound and a little Rozen beaten into powder and a quart of strong vineger and mingle them together and couer all his Legs therewith and if it be summer turne him to grasse Of the diseased parts vnder the midriffe and first of the stomacke THe old Authors make mention of many diseases incident to a horses stomacke as loathing of meat spewing vp his drinke surfetting of prouender the hungry euil and such like which few of our Ferrers haue obserued and therefore I wil breefely speake of as many as I thinke necessary to bee knowne and first of the loathing of meate Blundevile Of the loathing of meat A Horsse may loath his meat through the imtemperature of his stomack as for that it is too hot or too cold If his stomacke be too hot then most commonly it will either inflame his mouth and make it to breake out in blisters yea and perhaps cause some cancker to breed there The cure of all which things hath beene taught before But if he forsake his meat onely for very heat which you shall perceiue by the hotnesse of his breath and mouth then coole his stomack by giuing him cold water mingled with a little Vineger and oile to drinke or else giue him this drinke Take of milke and of wine of each one pinte and put
thereunto three ounces of Meâ— Rosatum and wash al his mouth with Vineger and salt If his stomacke be too colde then his haire wil stare and stand right vp which Absirtus and others were wont to cure by giuing the horse good wine and oile to drinke and some would seeth in wine Rew or Sage some would adde thereunto white Pepper and Mirre some woulde giue him Onions and Rocket seed to drinke with wine Againe there be other somewhich prescribe the blood of a young Sow with old wine Absirtus would haue the horse to eat the green blades of wheat if the time of the yeare wil serue for it Columella saith that if a horsse or anie other beaste do loath his meate it is good to giue him wine and the seede of Gith or else Wine and stampt garlicke Of casting out his drinke VEgetius saith that the horse may haue such a Palsie proceeding of cold in his stomack as he is notable to keepe his drinke but many times to cast it out again at his mouth The remedy whereof is to let him blood in the necke and to giue him cordiall drinkes that is to say made of hotte and comfortable spices and also to annoint al his breast and vnder his shoulders with hot oyles and to purge his head by blowing vp into his Nostrils pouders that prouoke neezing such as haue beene taught you before Of surfetting with glut of prouender THe glut of prouender or other meat not digested doth cause a horse to haue great paine in his body so as hee is not able to stande on his feete but lyeth downe and waltereth as though he had the Bots. The cure whereof according to Martins experience is in this sort Let him blood in the necke then trot him vppe and downe for the space of an houre and if he cannot stale draw out his yard and wash it with a little white wine luke warme and thrust into his yard either a brused cloue of Garlicke or else a little oile of Cammomile with a wax candle If he cannot dung then rake his fundament and giue him this glister Take of Mallows two or three handfuls and boile them in a pottle of faire running water and when the mallows be sodden then straine it and put therevnto a quart of fresh Butter and halfe a pinte of oile Oliue and hauing receiued this glister lead him vp and downe vntill he hath emptied his belly then set him vp and keepe him hungry the space of three or foure daies and the hay that he eateth let it be sprinkeled with water and let him drinke water wherein should be put a little bran and when he hath drunke giue him the bran to eate and giue him little or no prouender at al for the space of eight or ten daies Of another kind of surfetting with meat or drinke called of vs foundering in the body THis disease is called of the old writers in Greeke Crithiasis in Latine Hordiatio it commeth as they say by eating of much prouender suddainely after labour whilst the horse is hot and panting Blundevile whereby his meate not being digested breedeth euill humors which by little and little do spread thoroughout his members and at length do oppresse all his body and doe cleane take away his strength and make him in such a case as he can neither goe nor bow his ioyntes nor being laide he is not able to rise againe neither can he stale but with great paine It may come also as they saie of drinking too much in trauelling by the waie when the horse is hot but then it is not so dangerous as when it commeth of eating too much But howsoeuer it commeth they saie all that the humours will immediatelie resorte downe into the horses legges and feet and make him to cast his hooues and therfore I must needs iudge it to be no other thing but a plaine foundering which word foundering is borrowed as I take it of the French word Fundu that is to say molten For foundering is a melting or dissolution of humors which the Italians cal Infusione Martin maketh diuers kindes of foundering as the foundering of the bodie which the French men call most commonly Morfundu and foundering in the legs and feet also foundering before and behind which some Authors doe denie as Magister Maurus and Laurentius Russius affirming that there are fewer humors behind than before and that they cannot easily be dissolued or molten being so far distant from the hart the other vital parts Whereunto a man might answere that the natural heat of the hart doth not cause dissolution of humors but some vnnaturall and accidentall heate spred throughout all the members which is daily proued by good experience For we see horses foundered not only before or behind but also of al foure legs at once which most commonly chanceth either by taking cold sodenly after a great heate as by standing stil vpon some cold pauement or abroad in the cold wind or els perhaps the horse trauelling by the way and being in a sweat was suffred to stand in some cold water whilst he did drinke which was worse then his drinking for in the mean time the cold entering at his feet ascended vpward and congealed the humors which the heat before had dissolued and thereby when he commeth once to rest he waxeth stiffe and lame of his legs But leauing to speak of foundering in the legs as wel before as behind vntil we come to the griefs in the legs feet we intend to talk here only of foundring in the body according to Martins experience The signes to know if a horse be foundered in the body be these His haire wil stare and he wil be chil and shrug for cold and forsake his meat hanging down his head and quiuer after cold water and after 2. or 3. daies he wil begin to cough The cure according to Martin is thus First scour his belly with the glister last mentioned and then giue him a comfortable drink made in this sort Take of Malmsie a quart of Sugar halfe a quartern of hony halfe a quarterne of Sinamon halfe an ounce of Licoras and Annis seedes of each two spoonfuls beaten into fine powder which being put into the Malmsie warme them togither at the fire so as the hony may be molten and then giue it him luke warm that done walke him vp and down in the warme stable the space of halfe an houre and then let him stand on the bit 2. or 3. houres without meat but let him be warme couered and wel littered and giue him hay sprinkled with a little water and clean sifted prouender by a little at once and let his water be warmed with a little ground Malt therein And if you see him somewhat cheered then let him blood in the neck and also perfume him once a day with a little Frankincense and vse to walke him abroad when the weather is faire and not windy or els in the house
garter him aboue the houghes and then force him to go awhile to put him in a heat and being somewhat warme let him bloode in the thigh vaines reseruing of that blood a pottle to make him a charge in this sort Put vnto that blood of Wheat-flower and of Beane-flower of each a quarter of a pecke of Bole Armony one pound of Sanguis Draconis two ounces six Egges shels and al of Turpentine halfe a pound of Vineger a quart Mingle al these thinges togither and therewith charge both his hinder Legges his Reynes and Flankes al against the haire And if the horse cannot dung lette him be raked and giue him this glister take of Mallowes three handfuls and boile them wel in faire Water from a pottle to a quart Then straine it and put thereunto halfe a pounde of Butter and of Sallet Oyle a quarter of a pinte and hauing emptied his belly giue him also this drinke to comforte him take of Malmesie a quart and put thereunto a little Cinamon Mace and Pepper beaten into fine powder and of Oyle a quarter of a pinte and giue the horse to drinke of that Luke-warme with a horne That don let him be walked vp and downe a good while togither if he be able to go if not then tie him vp to the racke and let him be hanged with Canuas and ropes so as he may stand vppon the ground with his feet For the lesse he lieth the better and pare his hinder feet thin vntill the deaw come out and tacking on the shooes againe stoppe the hooues with bran and hogs greace boiled togither and let both his feet hauing this geere in it be wrapped vp in a cloath euen to his pasternes and there tie the clout fast Let his diet be thinne and let him drinke no colde water and giue him in winter wet hay and in Summer grasse Of the dry Spauen Blundevile THe dry Spauin called of the Italians Spauano or Sparauagno is a great hard knob as big as a Walnut growing in the inside of the hough hard vnder the ioynt nigh vnto the maister vaine and causeth the horse to halt which sorance commeth by kind because the horses parents perhaps had the like disease at the time of his generation and sometime by extreame labour and heat dissoluing humors which do descend thorough the maister vaine continually feeding that place with euil nutriment and causeth that place to swel Which swelling in continuance of time becommeth so hard as a bone and therefore is called of some the bone-Spauen It needeth no signes or tokens to knowe it because it is very much apparant to the eie and therefore most Ferrers doe take it to be incurable Notwithstanding Martin saith that it may bee made lesse with these remedies heere following Wash it with warme water and shaue off the haire so farre as the swelling extendeth and scarifie the place so as it may bleed Then take of Cantharides one dozen of Euforbium halfe a spoonefull breake them into powder and boile them togither with a little oile de Bay and with two or three feathers bound togither put it boiling hot vpon the sore and let his taile be tyed vp for wiping away the medicine and then within halfe an houre after set him vp in the stable and tie him so as he may not lie downe al the night for feare of rubbing off the medicine and the next day annoint it with fresh butter continuing thus to do euery day once the space of fiue or sixe daies and when the haire is growne againe draw the sore place with a hot yron Then take another hot sharpe yron like a Bodkin somewhat bowing at the point and thruste it in at the neather end of the middle-line and so vppeward betwixt the skinne and the flesh to the compasse of an inch and a halfe And then taint it with a little Turpentine and Hogges-greace moulten together and made warme renewing it euery day once the space of nine daies But remember first immediately after his burning to take vppe the maister vaine suffering him to bleed a little from aboue and tie vp the vper end of the vaine and leaue the neather end open to the intent that hee may bleede from beneath vntil it cease it selfe and that shal diminish the Spauen or else nothing wil do it Of the Spauen both bone and blood DOubtlesse a Spauen is an euil sorance and causeth a horse to hault principally in the beginning of his griefe Markham it appeareth on the hinder Legges within and against the ioynt and it will bee a little swolne and some horses haue a thorough Spauen which appeareth both within and without Of the Spauen there are two kindes the one hard the other soft That is a bone-Spauen and a blood-Spauen for the bone-Spauen I holde it harde to cure and therefore the lesse necessary to be dealt withal except very great occasion vrge and thus it may be holpen Cast the horse and with a hot yron slitte the flesh that couereth the Spauen and then lay vpon the Spauen Cantharides and Euforbium boyled together in oile de Bay and annoint his legges round about either with the oile of Roses and with Vngueâ—tum album camphiratum Dresse him thus for three daies togither then afterwarde take it awaye and for three daies more lay vnto it onely vpon Flaxe and vnsleact lime then afterward dresse it with Tarre vntil it be whole The Cantharides and Euforbium wil eat kil the spungy bone the lime wil bring it clean away and the Tarre wil sucke out the poison and heale al vp sound but this cure is dangerous for if the incision be done by an vnskilful man and he either by ignorance or by the swaruing of his hand burne in twaine the great vaine that runnes crosse the Spauen then the horse is spoiled Now for the blood Spauen that is easily helpt for I haue knowne diuers which haue beene but newly beginning helpt onely by taking vppe the Spauen vaine and letting it bleed wel beneath and then stop the wound with Sage and Salt but if it be a great blood Spauen then with a sharpe knife cut it as you burnt the bone Spauen and take the Spauen away then heale it vp with Hogges-greace and Turpentine onely Of the wet Spauen or through Spauen THis is a soft swelling growing on both sides of the hough and seemes to goe cleane through the hough and therefore may bee called a through Spauen But for the most part the swelling is on the inside because it is continually fed of the master vain is greater than the swelling on the outside The Italians cal this sorance Laierda or Gierdone which seemeth to come of a more fluxible humor and not so viscous or slimy as the other Spauen doeth and therefore this waxeth not so harde nor groweth to the nature of a bone as the other doeth and this is more curable then the other It needes no signes because it is apparant
gal of Goose-grease and the yolke of an Egge and these being all mingled together let the offended place be rubbed therewith The same with the iuyce of Cyclamyne and a litle alum looseneth the belly Marcellus and Wool being well dipped therein and bound to the Nauell of the belly expelleth the worms it cureth the faults in the seat by anointment it hath also another vertue in it expressed by the Poet in this verse Languidus antiquo purgatur penis Iaccho Ac super illi nitur foecundae felle capellae The melt sod cureth the bloody-flixe and the bladder burnt and giuen in posset drinke is good for them that cānot containe vrine in their sleepe Sextus the secunds of a female goat being drunk in wine of women after their deliuery Plinius eiecteth casteth forth their secunds also The milke is many waies auaileable for Demcerates the Physitian in the recouery of Confidia the daughter of Seruilius which had beene Consull vsed the milke of Goats along season which he fed with Lentiles sea-crabs mixed with this milke expelleth poyson and the first milke of a Goat which is milked from her after the weaning of the Kid drunke by him that hath a quartane ague easeth the fits thereof And some of the ancient Phisitians gaue as much dunge of swallowes as will lie vpon three groats Columella mixed with this milke against a quartane Ague and when young lambes were sicke the shepherds cured them by infusing into their chaps the milke of goates the powder of Betony drunke out of Goates milke stayeth bleeding Plinius The holy fire is a disease of sheepe almost incurable because if any remedy doe but touch them they fall mad but they onely in this Malady admit for the recreation or remedy goats milke The roote of the greater Siler decocted in Goats milke cureth those cold vstions in the flesh or belly when the place looketh blacke or looseth sence and Aesculapius taught his followers and patients to drinke it against the ytche or any biting and if at any time there be any straine in any member of the body so that the Article seemeth to decline and loose his former strength and humour it is recouered againe by binding vnto it lyne-seede sod in Goates milke Funerius aduiseth to wash the face therewith that the beauty of it may be more splendant Take seuen Sea-crabs and being beaten to powder mingle them with one pinte of Goates milke and a cup of Oyle and so straine them diligently and infuse them into a Horsses mouth which is sicke of the headache and it shal cure him The milke also by the counsell of Philistion with the iuyce of Cabages Salt and Hony is giuen against the shortnesse of breath and if the right eie of a Chamaelion be pulled out of her aliue and put into Goats milke and applyed to the eyes it cureth the whitnesse of the eies The fat of a Bull mixed with this milke and infused into the eares cureth their mattery euils and causeth them to heare more assuredly and fiermely The gummes of children annoynted therewith causeth their teeth to come forth with lesse paine and it fasteneth the loose teeth by often rubbing the corners in the throat and the arteries are deliuered from exulcerations by gargarizing this milke either warmed at the fire or else as it commeth forth of the vdder The seede of Cresses decocted in this milke and drunke Plinyus Marcellus easeth the paines in the stomach and also purgeth being mixed with salt and Hony Marcellus prescribeth this excellent purgation which shall neuer make the party sicke that is a pinte of Goates milke two ounces of salt Ammoniacke and one ounce of the best Mecis beate them altogether and giue them to the patient fasting Hippocrates and so let him walke a good while till the mdicine be wrought in his body and if a woman be with child and oppressed with headache or haue an Ague she may safely take this milke sod with Hony The Physitians make a speciall drinke of this milke which they cal Schiston it is sod in a new earthen pot and hath put into it the branches of a fig-tree and so many cuppes of sweet water as there were pintes of milke and when it boyleth keepe it from seething ouer by putting into it a siluer vessell with colde water and being taken from the fire deuide it into many vessels till it be cold so the whay wil part from the milke and some take the whay and seeth it againe till the third part be onely left and afterward set it abroad in the Sunne to coole and this may be safely drunke fiue dayes together euery day a pint at fiue seueral times against the falling euil melancholy palsies in Leprosies gowtes or paines in the Articles and the sicknesse of the liuer which is like to a plereusie Or let him drinke the Goats milke the third part thereof mingled with hony as Hippocrates prescribeth or with the seed of Mathrum as Serenus counselleth in this verse Stomacho medentur Semina Mathrifactae cum lacte capella A draught of Goats milke sodden with mallowes and a little salt put to it represseth the gripings of the belly Plinius and if you put a little rennet vnto it it wil be more profitable Goats milk tempered with rennet before it be altogether strained while it is warme it must be giuen to those that haue the bloodie flix to drinke and it will helpe them presently put also to a good potion of sweet Wine mingled with goates milke Marcellus and a little rennet of a kid as much as a nut kernell is which being tempred with the hand let it be giuen to the patient laboring with the bloody flix before it be strained for the space of three daies Let this drinke be giuen one that is fasting about the time he riseth and being boyled put sufficient Barly flower to it Marcellus and being in like manner like pap or pottage you must giue it to the patient to drinke for the same disease Goats milke being sodden halfe away may be giuen to those that haue the bloody flix If they that be troubled with fretting of the guts and the flix are weakened by reason of their often going to the stoole Plinius The broath of a fat Henne sod with Butter or goats milke or Sheepes warmed by it selfe or else sod with Butter is very good to be giuen vnto them Take three ounces of Amylum Marcellus being a kind of meat three moneths olde into as much goats milke sod as you shall thinke fit and so giue it the patient by svppository meanes for the bloody Flix Oxen Dioscorides Sheepes or goats milke staieth the exulcerations and flowings of the belly so it bee sod on the coales after the vse of glisters if a mans secret inwards do abound with filth but if not after the foments be laid to the roots and stocke of the yard fresh
rust or vennome of some bit or snaffell vndiscretly lookt vnto the cure is thus Wash the sore place with strong vineger made thick with the powder of Allum two or three daies together euery time vntil it bleede which will kill the poyson and vigor of the exulcerated matter then make this water take of running water a quart of Allum foure ounces of Hony foure or fiue spoonefuls of Wood-bineleaues of Sage-leaues and of Collombine-leaues of each halfe a handful boile al these together til one halfe be consumed then take it off and euery day with the water warmed wash the sore vntil it be whole Of the heat in the mouth and lips SOmetime the heat that commeth out of the stomach breedeth no Canker but maketh the mouth hot and causeth the horse to forsake his meat The cure wherof Blundevile as Martin saith is in this sort First turne vp his vpperlip and iagge it lightly with a launcet so as it may bleede and then wash both that and al his mouth and tongue with Vineger and salt Of the tongue being hurt with the bit or otherwise IF the tongue be cut or hurt any manner of way Martin saith it is good first to wash it with Allum water and then to take the leaues of black Bramble and to chop them togither small with a little lard that done to binde it vp in a little clout making it round like a ball then hauing dipt the round end in hony rub the tongue therewith continuing so to do once a day vntil it be whole Of the Barbles or Paps vnderneath the tongue THese be two little paps called of the Italians Barbole growing naturally as I thinke in euery Horsses mouth vnderneath the tongue in the neather iawes which if they shoot of any length Russius saith that they wil hinder the Horsses feeding and therefore he and Martin also would haue them to be clipt away with a paire of sheeres and that don the Horsses mouth to be washed with vineger and salt Of the paine in the teeth and gums of the Wolfes teeth and Iaw-teeth A Horse may haue paine in his teeth partly by discent of humors from his head down into his teeth and gums which is to be perceiued by the ranknesse and swelling of the gums and partly hauing two extraordinary teeth called the wolfes teeth which be two little teeth growing in the vpper iawes next vnto the great grinding teeth which are so paineful to the Horse as he cannot endure to chaw his meat but is forced either to let it fal out of his mouth or else to keepe it stil halfe chawed whereby the Horse prospereth not but waxerh leane and poore and he wil do the like also when his vpper Iaw-teeth be so far growne as they ouerhang the neather Iaw-teeth and therewith be so sharp as in mouing his iawes they cut and race the insides of his cheeks euen as they were raced with a knife And first as touching the cure of the paine in the teeth that commeth by meanes of some distillation Vegetius saith it is good to rub al the outside of his gums with fine chalke and strong vineger mingled together or else after that you haue washed the gums with vineger to strew on them of Pomegranate piles But methinkes that besides this it were not amisse to stop the temple vains with the plaister before mentioned in the chapter of weeping and waterish eies The cure of the Wolfes teeth and of the iaw-teeth according to Martin is in this sort First cause the horsse head to be tyed vp to some rafter or post and his mouth to be opened with a cord so wide as you may easily see euery part thereof Then take a round strong iron toole half a yard long and made at the one end in al points like vnto the Carpenters gouge wherewith he maketh his holes to be bored with a wimble or augor with your left hand set the edge of your toole at the foot of the wolfs teeth on the outside of the iaw turning the hollow side of the toole downward holding your hand steadily so as the toole may not slip from the foresaid tooth then hauing a mallet in your right hand strike vpon the head of the toole one pretty blow and therwith you shal loosen the tooth and cause it to bend inward then staying the midst of your toole vpon the horses neather iaw wrinch the tooth outward with the inside or hollow side of the toole and thrust it clean out of his head Blundevile that done serue the other Wolfes tooth on the other side in like manner and fill vp the empty places with salt finely braied But if the vpper iawe-teeth do also ouerhang the neather teeth so cut the inside of his mouth as is aforesaid then keeping his mouth stil open take your toole and mallet and pare al those teeth shorter running alongst them euen from the first vnto the last turning the hollow side of your toole towards the teeth so shal not the toole cut the inside of his cheekes and the backe or round side being turned toward the foresaid checkes and that doone wash all his mouth with vineger and salt and let him go Why the diseases in the necke withers and backe be declared heere before the diseases in the throate HAuing hitherto spoken of the diseases incident to a horsses head and to al the parts thereof natural order requireth that we shold now discend into the throat as a part next adiacent to the mouth But forasmuch as the diseases in the throate haue not onely afinity with the head but also with the lungs and other inward parts which are many times grieued by meanes of distillation comming from the head and through the throat I wil speake of the diseases incident to the necke withers and backe of a Horsse to the intent that when I come to talke of such diseases as rheumes and distillations doe cause I may discourse of them orderly without interruption Of the Cricke in the necke BEcause a Cricke is no other thing but a kind of conuulsion and for that we haue spoken sufficiently bofore of al kinds thereof in the chapter of conuulsion I purpose not heere therefore to trouble you with many wordes but onely shewe you Russius opinion and also Martins experience therein The cricke then called of the Italians Scima or Luterdo according to Russius and according to Martin is when the Horsse cannot turne his neck any maner of way but hold it stil right forth insomuch as he cannot take his meate from the ground but by times and that very slowly Russius saith it commeth by meanes of some great weight laid on the horsses shoulders or else by ouermuch drying vp of the sinnewes of the necke The cure whereof according to Martin is in his sort Draw him with a hot iron from the root of the eare on both sides of the necke through the midst of the same euen down to the breast
Rape oyle a pinte Mingle these thinges well together vntill the Quicke-siluer be throughly incorporated with the rest and hauing annointed all the raw places with this ointment make it to sinke into the flesh by holding and weauing vp and downe ouer it a hot broad barre of yron and then touch him no more againe the space of two or three daies during which time if you see that he rubbeth still in any place then rub that place againe with an old horse-combe to make it raw and annoint it with fresh ointment But if all this will not helpe then with a hot yron and blunt at the point so big as a mans little finger burne all the mangy places making round holes passing only thorough the skin and no further For which intent it shall be needefull to pull the skinne first from the flesh with your left hand holding it still vntil you haue thrust the hot yron thorough it and let euery hole bee a spanne off one from another and if neede be you may annoint those holes with a little sope and let the horse be thinne dieted during his curing time Of the Farcin called in Italian of some Il verme and of some Farcina THis is a kind of creeping vlcer growing in knots following along some veine and it proceedeth of corrupt blood ingendred in the body or else of some outward hurt as of spurgalling or the biting of some other horse or of biting of ticks or of hogs lice or such like causualties Or if it be in the legges it may come by interferring It is easilye knowne partly by the former description and also it is apparant to the eie The cure according to Martin is thus Let him bloud in that vaine where it commeth as nigh the sore place as may be and let him bleed well then fire euery knot one by one taking the knot in your left hand and pulling it so hard as you can from his body to the intent you maye the better pierce the knot with a blunt hot yron of the bignesse of a mans fore-finger without doing the body any hurt let out the mater leauing none vnburnd be it little or much That done annoint euery knot so burned with Hogges-greace warmed euery day once vntill the coares be ready to fall away and in the meane time prepare a good quantity of old Vrine and when you see the coares ready to fal boile the vrine and put therein a little Coporas and salt and a few strong nettles and with that water being warm wash out all the coares and the corruption That done fill euery hole immediately with the powder of slect lime continuing thus to do euery day once vntill the holes be closed vp and if any be more ranker than other fill those with Verdigrease and during this cure let the horse be thinly dieted that is to say with straw and water onely vnlesse it be nowe and then to giue him a loafe or breade For the lower he be kept the sooner he will be whole And in any wise let his necke be yoked in an olde bottomelesse paile or else with short staues to keepe him from licking the sores and the lesse rest he hath the better Or do thus Take a good great Dock-root clean scraped and cutte thereof fiue little rundels or cakes to be vsed as followeth First with a knife make a slit right down in the horses forhed three inches longe then with a Cornet loosen the skinne within the flesh so as you may easily put therein fiue rundels of Docke that is to say two on each side of the slit one aboue another and put the fift rundle in the very midst betwixt the other foure that done fasten to each of the slits two short shoo-makers ends to serue as laces to tie in the foresaide rundles so as they may not fall out and clense the sore euery day once for the vertue of the root is such as it will draw al the filthy matter from any part of the body yea though the Farcin be in the hinder Legges which matter is to be wiped away from time to time and new rootes to be thrust into the the slit according as you see it needefull Of the Farcion THe Farcion is a vilde disease ingendred of ill bloud flegmaticke matter and vnkindly feeding it appeareth in a horse like vnto little knottes in the flesh as bigge as a Hasell Nutte Markham the knottes will encrease daily and inflame impostume and breake and when the knots amount to threescore they wil euery night after breed so many more till they haue ouer-runne the horses bodye and with the poison which is mighty and also strong soone bring gim to his death This disease is very infectious and dangerous for some horses yet if it be taken in any time it is easie to be holpen the cure thereof is in this manner Take a sharpe Bodkin and thrust it through the neather part of his nose that he may bleede or if you will to let him bloude in the necke-vaine shall not be amisse then feele the knots and as many as are soft launce them and let them runne then take strong Lye Lime and Allum and with the same bath all his sores and it shall in short space cure him There is also another manner of curing this disease and that is thus Take a sharpe launce-knife and in the top of the horses forehead iust betweene his eies make a long slit euen to the scull then with a blunt instrument for the purpose lose the flesh from the scalp a pretty compasse then take Carret-rootes cut into little thinne round pieces and putte them betweene the skinne and the scull as many as you can then close vp the wound and once a daie annoint it with fresh Butter This is a most sure and approued way to cure the Farcion for looke how this wound thus made shall rot waste and grow sound so shall the Farcion breake drie vp and be healed because all the poison that feedeth the disease shall be altogether drawne into the fore-head where it shall die and waste away The onely fault of this cure is it will be somwhat long and it is a foule eie-sore vntil it be whole Some vse to burne this sorance but that is naught and dangerous as who so proues it shal find A most approued medicine to cure the Farcion TAke of Aqua-vitae two spoonfuls of the iuyce of hearbe of grace as much Markham mingle them together then take of plegants or Bals of Flax or Toe and steepe them therein and stop them hard into the Horses eares then take a needle and a thread and stitch the tips of his two eares together by meanes whereof he cannot shake out the medicine and vse him thus but three seuerall mornings and it will kill any Farcion whatsoeuer for it hath bin often approued Another medicine of the same SLit euery hard kernell with a sharpe knife and fill the hole with an
ointment made of old Lard Sope and gray Salt for that will eat out the coare and cause it to rot and so fall out of the one accord Of the Canker called of the Italian Il Canero A Canker is a filthy creeping vlcer fretting and gnawing the flesh in gret breadth In the beginning it is knotty much like a Farcine Blundevile and spreadeth it selfe into diuers places and being exulcerated gathereth togither in length into a wound or sore This proceedeth of a melancholy and filthy blood ingendered in the body which if it be mixt with Salt humors it causeth the more painefull and greeuous exulceration and sometime it commeth of some filthy wound that is not cleanly kept the corrupt matter whereof cankereth other clean parts of the body It is easie to be knowne by the description before The cure whereof according to Martin is thus Frst let him blood in those vaines that be next the sore and take inough of him Then take of Alum halfe a pound of greene Coporas and of white Coporas of each one quarterne and a good handfull of Salt boile all these things togither in faire running water from a pottle to a quart And this water being warme wash the sore with a cloath and then sprinkle thereon the powder of vnslecked lime continuing so to do euery day once the space of fifteen daies and if you see that the lime do not mortifie the ranke flesh and keepe it from spreading any further then take of blacke Sope halfe a pounde of Quicke-siluer halfe an ounce and beate them together in a pot vntill the Quicke-siluer be so well mingled with the Sope as you can perceiue none of the Quicke-siluer in it And with an yron slice after that you haue washed the sore with the stronge water aforesaide couer the wound with this ointment continuing thus to do euery day once vntill the Canker leaue spreading abroad And if it leaue spreading and that you see the ranke flesh is mortified and that the edges begin to gather a skin then after the washing dresse it with the lime as before continuing so to vntil it be whole And in the dressing suffer no filth that commeth out of the sore to remaine vppon any whole place about but wipe it cleane away or else wash it away with warme water And let the horse during this cure be as thinly dieted as may be and thoroughly exercised Of the Fistula called of the Italians Fistula A Fistula is a deepe hollowe crooking vlcer and for the most part springes of maligne humors ingendered in some wound sore or canker not throughly healed It is easie to know by the description before The cure according to Martin is thus Firste search the depth of it with a quill or with some other instrument of lead that may be bowed euery way meet for the purpose For vnlesse you find the bottome of it it wil be very hard to cure And hauing found the bottome if it be in such a place as you may boldely cut and make the way open with a launcet or rasor then make a slit right against the bottome so as you may thruste in your finger to feele whether there be any bone or gristle perished or spungy or loose flesh which must be gotten out and then taint it with a taint of flaxe dipt in this ointment Take of hony a quarterne and of Verdigrease one ounce beaten into powder Boile them together vntill it looke redde stirring it continually least it runne ouer and being luke warme dresse the taint wherewith and bolster the taint with a bolster of flax And if it be in such a place as the taint cannot conueniently be kept in with a band then fasten on each side of the hole two ends of Shoomakers thread right ouer the bolster to keepe in the taint which ends may hang there as two laces to tye and vntie at your pleasure renewing the taint euery day once vntill the sore leaue mattering And then make the taint euery day lesser and lesser vntill it be whole And close it vp in the end by sprinckling thereon a little slect lime But if the Fistula be in such a place as a man can neither cut right against the bottome or nigh the same then there is no remedy but to poure in some strong water through some quill or such like thing so as it may goe to the very bottome and dry vp all the filthy matter dressing him so twice a day vntill the horse be whole Of an Aubury THis is a great spungy Wart full of blood called of the Italians Moro or Selfo which may grow in any place of the body and it hath a root like a Cocks stone The cure according to Martin is thus Tie it with a thred so hard as you can pull it the thred will eate by little and little in such sort as within seauen or eight daies it will fall away by it selfe And if it be so flat as you can binde nothing about it then take it away with a sharpe hotte yron cutting it round about and so deepe as you may leaue none of the root behind and dry it with Verdigreace Russius saith that if it grow in a place full of sinnewes so as it cannot be conueniently cut away with a hot yron then it is good to eat out the core with the powder of Resalgar and then to stop the hole with flax dipt in the white of an Egge for a day or two and lastly to drie it vp with the powder of vnslect lime and hony as before is taught Of Wounds VVOunds commeth by meanes of some stripe or pricke and they are properly called wounds when some whole part is cut or broken For a wound according to the Phisitians is defined to be a solution diuision or parting of the whole For if there be no solution or parting then methinkes it ought rather to be called a bruse then a wound And therfore wounds are most commonly made with sharpe or piercing weapons and bruses with blunt weapons Notwithstanding if by such blunt weapons anie part of the whole be euidently broken then it ought to be called a wound as wel as the other Of wounds some be shallow and some be deepe and hollow Againe some chance in the fleshy partes and some in the bonye and sinnewie places And those that chaunce in the fleshy parts though they be verie deepe yet they be not so dangerous as the other and therefore we will speak first of the most dangerous If a horse haue a wound newly made either in his heade or in any other place that is full of sinnewes bones or gristles first Martin would haue you to wash the wounde well with white wine warmed That done to search the bottome of the wound with some instrument meete for the purpose suffering it to take as little winde in the meane while as may be Then hauing found the depth stop the hole close with a clout vntill your salue be
Epellibus talparum cubicularia vidimus stragula adeò ne religio quidem a portentis summouet delicias that is we haue seene the hanginges of chambers made of mole skinnes so that no conscience of religion cannot auert the monstrous loue of delights from the afectation of men For all the auncient Wise-men and magicians did hold that this beast was capeable of Religion Nullis aeque credunt extis nullum Religionis capacius iudicant animal vt si quis cor eius recens palpitansque deuorarit diuinationis reruÌ„ efficiendarum euentus promittat they giue not so much credit to any intrals as to theirs for they iudge that no beast is so capable of Religion because if a man eat the heart of a Mole newly taken out of her belly and panting he shall be able to deuine and fortell infalliable euents Another saith Veteribus monumentis traditur Gallinaceorum fibris maximè dijs gratas videri sicut Talparum viscera Magi verissima dicunt Alex. ab alex illisque haud secus quam solenni victima litari haec enim sunt exta argutissima in quibus diuina mens in esse creditur that is The Fibres of Cockes were woont among auncient monuments to be accounted most acceptable to the Goddes euen as the bowels of Moles as the wise men say and to offer these as a most solemn sacrifice gratefull to the Goddes and that in those intrals it was beleeued that the minde and pleasure of God was seated and engrauen and a litle after he saith that the bowels of Moles and frogs do fortell many great and fortunate euents But I will leaue this paganisme and let it neuer enter into the hart of a reasonable man that such beasts can loue religion or that God hath planted in their bowels and corrupt parts such letters of his wisedome and fore-knowledge which he hath not granted to the immortall and incorruptible soule of man Onely this I find by experience that before any raine and change of weather these silly beasts heaue vp the earth more aboundantly then at other times and that in Thessaly as Varro saith a whole Towne was once vndermined by Moles They were wont to sacrifice this beast to Neptune because of the affinity betwixt their names for in Greeke Asphaloos signifieth Neptune and Asphalax a mole Alunnus also writeth that they were sacred and dedicated to hell because they kept continually vvithin the bosome and bowels of the earth and to conclude because that moles would not liue in Coronea a part of Boeotia before spoken of and thereof came the common prouerbe Asphalaca eis Coronean a mole is brought to Coronea to signifie the hatred of a gift or ghest to him that is forced to receiue him Thus much for his natural and morall story now followeth his medicinall The medicines of the Mole There is nothing which is more profitable or medicinable for the curing of the bites of a shrew then a mole being flead and clapped thereunto The same doth also very effectually cure and heale the blowes or bitings of a Scorpion Pilles being made with that which proceedeth from moles and with Hony Pliny eaten nine daies together doth preserue the body of any one from swellings or bunches in the flesh who shall so eat them For the auoiding or driuing away the haires which growe in any part of mans bodie that they may neuer returne or be renewed againe take a mole and laie her in water to be steeped or soaked Arnoldus so long as she shal not haue any haires left vppon her with this water annoint the place which is full of hairs and afterwards wash it with lye made of ashes and then rub it with a linnen cloath then if you shall see the haires to returne againe wash it twice or thrice in the aforesaid manner and they wil be quite expelled away and by no meanes can be made eyther to renew or come againe For the renewing and bringing againe of those haires which are fallen or decayed take a mole and burne her whole in the skin and mingle the dust or pouder which commeth from the same with hony vnto the thickenesse or fashion of an ointment Furnerius and this being rubbed or annointed vpon the bare or bald place will without dout in some short time or space procure the haire to grow thick For the renewing of haires which fall from horses Rusâ—ius Take a mole and boile her in Oyle vntill all the flesh be consumed and quite dissolued into a liquid iuice with this oyle annoint the place which is bare or destitute of haires twice euery day for some short space and it will make the haires to grow in great abundance For the changing of the haires of horses from blacke to white take a mole and boile her in salt Water or lye made of ashes three dayes together and when the Water or lye shall be quite consumed put new water or lie thereunto this being done wash or bathe the place with the water or lye somewhat hot presently the black haires will fall and slide away and in some short time there will come white Whosoeuer shall take a mole and hold her in his right hand vntill she die shall haue such an excellent vertue therein that she shal ease the paine of a womans breasts onely by touching them The dust of a mole being brent mingled with the white of an Egge and anointed vpon a sneepe is an excellent and medicinable remedy against the Leprie which commeth oftentimes vpon them The dust of a mole mixed with oyle or hony Pliny and annointed vpon the skin of either man or woman which is ful of Lepry wil verie speedily and effectually cure and heale the same The same being vsed in the aforesaide manner is very good for the curing of those which are troubled with the disease called the Kinges euill as also for those which haue hard bunches or kernels arising in their Arme-holes Marcellus and in other parts of their body The whole body of a mole being taken and burned in the skin into drye dust or pouper is an excellent remedy against the disease called the Fistula as also for the purging of the corruption in them and healing of them being once taking by any man The same being also mixed with hony and rubd vpon the teeth of any one who hath paine in them doth not onely ease the paine and greefe thereof but also doth strengthen and make them fast The blood of a mole being killed Vincentius spred or annointed vpon the head of any one which is bald wil very speedily renew and bring the haires againe The head of a mole being cut off and beaten together with the earth which is stirred vp by moles and wrought into a paast and rowled togither like a little loafe is very much vsed for the healing of al swellings and for those things which they cal impostumes Sextus as also for al swellings or
to sprinkle it ouer with sea water and the fat remaining which did swim vpon the top being gathered togither in an earthen vessel to poure the water into the cauldron then must the froath be poured againe into the sea water lastly taken out again this is so often to be done that the fat being consumed there wil not any froath be left remaining the Aesypus then being gathered togither is to be mollified with mens hands if there be any filth therin it must out of hand be taken away and all the water by little and little excluded and being fresh poured in let it be mingled with ones hands vntill the Aesypus being touched with the tongue of any one may lightly bind it but not sauor either sharp or tartly and the fat may seeme very white and then let it be hid in an earthen vessell but let there be great care had that they be done in the hot sun But there are some which vse another manner of way to make the same which is this to clense the fleeces and wash away all filth and presse it forth of the same and boile them in water ouer a soft fire in a brazen vessel then to wash the fat which swimmeth on the top being gathered together with Water and being strained in another platter which may haue some hot water in it to hide or ouercast it with a linnen cloth and lay it forth in the sun vntil it be very white and thick enough Some also do vse another way as this to wash the fat being strained with cold water and to rub it with their hands not much otherwise then women doe a seare-cloth for by that meanes it is made more white and purer There is yet another kind of way to make Aesypus described by Aetius in these words take saith he the greasie wooll which groweth in the shoulder pits of sheepe and wash them in hot water being thick and soft and squize al the filth forth of the same the washing wherof you shall put in a vessell of a large mouth or brim casting afterwards hot water in the same then take the water in a cup or in some other such like instrument and poure it in and out holding it vp very high vntill there come a froath vpon it then sprinkle it ouer with sea water if you shall get any if not with some other cold water and suffer it to stand still when it shall waxe cold take that which shall flow on the top away with a ladle and cast it into any other vessell afterwards hauing put a little cold water in it stir it vp and downe with your handes then hauing poured out that water put new hot water in it and repeate againe the same thing altogether which we haue now taught vntill the Aesypus be made white and fat containing no impute or filthy thing in it at al then dry it in the sun being hid for some certain daies in an earthen vessell and keepe it But all these things are to be done when the sun is very hot for by that meanes it will be more effectual and whiter and not hard or sharp There are moreouer some which gather it after this manner They put new shorne wooll which is very filthy and greasie in a vessel which hath hot water in it and burne the water that it may somewhat wax hot afterwards they coole it and that which swimmeth aboue in the manner of fat they scum it off with their handes and put it away in a vessell of Tinne and so do fill the vessell it selfe with raine water put it in the sun couered with a thin linnen cloth and then we must moysten it again and put vp the Aesypus for it hath strength mollifieng and releasing with some sharpnes but it is counterfeited with wax sewet and Rozen and it is straight waies perceiued for as much as the true Aesypus reserueth the scent of the vnwashed wooll and being rubbed with any ones hands is made like vnto Ceruse or white lead Euen the filth and sweat of sheep cleauing to their wooll hath great and manifold vse in the world and aboue all other that is most commended which is bred vpon the Athenian or Graetian sheep which is made many waies and especially this way first they take off the wooll from those places where it groweth with all the sewet or filth there gathered together and so put them in a brasen vessel ouer a gentle fire wher they boile out the sweat so take of that which swimmeth at the top and put it into an earthen vessel seething againe the first matter which fat is washed together in cold water so dryed in a linnen cloth is scorched in the sun vntill it become white and transparent and so it is put vp in a box of tinne It may be proued by this if it smell like the sauour of sweat and being rubbed in a wet hand doe not melt but waxe white like white lead this is most profitable against al inflammation of the eies and knots in cheeks or hardnesse of skin in them Of this Aesypus or vnwashed wooll the Graetians make great account and for the variety of dressing or preparing it they cal it diuersly somtime they call it Oesupum Pharmaicon sometime Oesupon Keroten Oesupon Kerotoeide sometime Oesupon Hugron and such like Of it they make plaisters to asswage the Hypochondriall inflammations and ventosity in the sides Some vse Aesopus for Oesypus but ignorantly and without reason it is better to let it alone but in the collection heereof it must be taken from the sound not from the scabby sheep But when we cannot come by the true Oesypus then in stead thereof we may take that which the Apothecaries and ointment-makers do ordaine namely Meliloti vnc 4. Cardamomi vnc 2. Hysopiherb vnc 2. with the vnwashed wooll taken frō the hams or flanks of a sheep Myrepsus vseth this Oesipus against all gouts and aches in the legs or articles and hardnesse of the spleene Galen calleth it Ius Lanae and prescribeth the vse of it in this sort Make saith he a playster of Oesypus or ius lanae in this sort take waxe fresh-greace Scammonie old oile one ounce of each of Fenny-greeke sixe ounces then seeth or boile your oile with the ius lanae and Fenny-greeke very carefully vntill it equall the oyle and bee well incorporated together and then againe set it to the fire vntill with the perscription aforesaide and also he teacheth how to make this Ius lanae for saith he take vnwashed wooll and lay it deepe in faire water vntill it be very soft that is by the space of sixe daies and the seuenth day take it and the water together that seeth wel taking off the fat which ariseth at the top and put it vp as is aforesaid these things saith Galen The vse of this by reason it is very hot is to display vlcers and tumors in wounds Dioscorides
much as it seemeth worthely and wisely written by Aelianus in his sixt Booke and xxxix Chapter To enthumaticon kai dialecticon to be as it were naturally instylled into these kinde of dogges For they will not pause or breath from their pursute vntil such time as they be apprehended and taken which committed the fact The owners of such houndes vse to keepe them in close and darke channels in the day time and let them loose at liberty in the night season to the intent that they might with more courage and boldnesse practise to follow the fellon in the euening and solitary hours of darkenesse when such ill disposed varlots are principally purposed to play their impudent pageants and imprudent pranks These hounds vpon whom this present portion of our treatise runneth when they are to follow such fellowes as we haue before rehearsed vse not that liberty to raunge at will which they haue otherwise when they are in game except vpon necessary occasion whereon dependeth an vrgent and effectuall perswasion when such purloyners make speedy way in flight but being restrained and drawne backe from running at randon with the leame the end whereof the owner holding in his hand is led guyded and directed with such swiftnesse and slownesse whether he goe on foote or whether he ride on horsebacke as he himselfe in heart would wish for the more easie apprehension of these venturous varlots In the borders of England and Scotland the often and accustomed stealing of cattell so procuring these kind of Dogges are very much vsed and they are taught and trayned vp first of all to hunt cattel as well of the smaller as of the greater grouth and afterwardes that quality relinquished and lefte they are learned to pursue such pestilent persons as plant their pleasure in such practises of purloyning as we haue already declared Of this kind there is none that taketh the Water naturally except it please you so to suppose of them which follow the Otter which sometimes haunt the land and sometime vseth the water And yet neuertheles al the kind of them boyling and broyling with greedy desire of the prey which by swimming passeth through ryuer and flood plunge amyds the water and passe the streame with their pawes But this property proceedeth from an earnest desire wherewith they be inflamed rather then from any inclination issuyng from the ordinance and appointment of nature And albeit some of this sort in English be called Brache in Scottish Rache the cause herof resteth in the she-sex and not in the generall kind For we English men call Bitches belonging to the hunting kind of Dogs by the tearme aboue mentioned To be short it is proper to the nature of houndes some to keepe silence in hunting vntill such time as there is game offered Other some so soone as they smell out the place where the beast lurketh to bewray it immediately by their importunate barking notwithstanding it be far many furlongs of cowching close in his cabbin And these Dogs the younger they be the more wantonly barke they and the more liberally yet oftentimes without necessity so that in them by reason of their young yeares and want of practise small certainty is to be reposed For continuance of time and experience in game ministreth to these hounds not onely cunning in running but also as in the rest an assured foresight what is to be done principally being acquainted with their maisters watchwords either in reuoking or imboldening them to serue the game Of the Dogges called the Gasehound in Latine Agasaeus THis kinde of Dog which pursueth by the eye preuaileth little or neuer a whit by any benefite of the nose that is by smelling but excelleth in perspicuity and sharpenesse of sight altogether by the vertue whereof being singuler and notable it hunteth the Foxe and the Hare This Dogge will choose and separate any beast from among a great flocke or heard and such a one will it take by election as is not lancke leane and hollow but well spred smooth full fat and round it followes by direction of the eye-sight which indeede is cleere constant and not vncertaine if a beast be wounded go astray the dog seeketh after it by the steadfastnes of the eie if it chance peraduenture to returne and be mingled with the residue of the flocke this Dog spyeth it out by the vertue of his eye leauing the rest of the cattell vntouched and after he hath set sure sight vpon it he seperateth it from among the company and hauing so done neuer ceaseth vntill he haue wearyed the Beast to death Our countrey men cal this Dog Agasaeum A gase-hound because the beames of his sight are so stedfastly setled and vnmoueably fastned These Dogs are much and vsually occupied in the Northern parts of England more then in the Southern parts in feeldy lands rather then in bushy and woody places horsemen vse them more then footmen to the intent that they might prouoke their horses to a swift gallop wherewith they are more delighted then with the prey it selfe that they might acustome their horse to leap ouer hedges and ditches without stop or stumble without harme or hazard without doubt or danger and to escape with safegard of life And to the end that the riders themselues when necessity so constrained and the feare of further mischiefe inforced might saue themselues vndamnified and preuent each perillous tempest by preparing speedy flight or else by swift pursute made vpon their enimies might both ouertake them encounter with them and make a slaughter of them accordingly But if it fortune so at any time that this dog take a wrong way the maister making some vsuall signe and familiar token hee returneth forthwith taketh the right and ready trace begining his chase afresh with a cleare voice and a swift foot followeth the game with as much corage and nimblenes as he did at the first Of the Dogge called the Grey-hound in Latine Leporarius WE haue another kind of dog which for his incredible swiftnes is called Leporarius a Grey-hound because the principall seruice of them dependeth and consisteth in starting and hunting the Hare which Dogs likewise are indued with no lesse strength then lightnes in maintenance of the game in seruing the chase in taking the Bucke the Hart the Doe the Fox and other beasts of semblable kind ordaind for the game of hunting But more or lesse each one according to the measure and proportion of their desire and as might and hability of their bodies will permit and suffer For it is a spare and bare kind of Dog of flesh but not of bone some are of a greater sort and some of a lesser some are smooth skinned and some are curled the bigger therefore are appointed to hunt the bigger Beasts and the smaller serue to hunt the smaller accordingly The nature of the Dogges I finde to be wonderfull by the testimony of all histories For as Iohn Froisart the
wel sodden and also mundified that is to say the huske pulled awaye like as when you blanch Almonds Of diuers sorts of Feuers according to Vigetius and first of that which continueth but one day THe Feauer of one day called by the Geeek name Ephemera or els by the Latin name Diaria chaunceth many times through the rashnesse and small discretion of the keeper or some other that letteth not to ride a horsse vnmeasurably either before or after watering whereby the horsse afterward in the stable entreth into an extreame heate and so falleth into his Feuer which you shall know partly by his waterish and bloodshotten eyes and partly by his short violent and hot breathing and panting Moreouer he will forsake his meate and his Legs wil wax stiffe and feeble The cure Let him haue rest all the next day following and be comforted with warme meate then let him be walked vp and downe saite and softly and so by little and little brought againe to his former estate Of the Feauer continuall THe Feuer continuall is that which continueth without intermission and is called in Italian by the Latine name Febris continua which springeth of some inflamation or extreame heate bredde in the principall members or inwarde partes about the heart which is knowne in this sort The Horsse doth not take his accustomed rest whereby his flesh dothfal away euery day more and more and sometime there doth appear hot inflamations in his flankes and aboue his withers The cure Purge his head by squirting into his Nostrils mans vrine or the Water of an Oxe that hath beene rested a certaine time to the intent such water may be the stronger and then giue him the drinke writen in the next Chapter Of the Feuer taken in the Autumne that is to say at the fall of the leafe IF a Horsse chance to get a Feauer at the fall of the leafe cause him immediatly to be let blood in the necke vaine and also in the third furrow of the roofe of his mouth and then giue him this drinke Take of Iermander foure ounces of Gum dragant and of dryed roses of each one ounce beat them all into fine powder and put them into a quart of Ale adding thereunto of Oyle oliue foure ounces and of Hony as much and giue it the Horsse lukewarme Of the Feuer in Summer season A Feuer taken in Summer season is much worse then in any other time and especially if it be taken in the Dogge daies for then the accidents be more furious Blundevile The signes be these his artires wil beate euidently and hee will shed his seede when he staleth and his going wil be vnorderly The cure Let him blood in a vaine that he hath in his hinder hanch about foure fingers beneath the fundament or if you cannot finde that vaine let him blood in the necke vaine toward the withers and if it be needefull you may giue him also this drinke Take the iuyce of a handfull of Parslein mingled with Gum dragant with Ensens and a fewe Damaske roses beaten all into fine powder and then put thereunto a sufficient quantity of ale made sweete with Hony Of the Feuer in winter FOr the Feauer in Winter it shall be good to take the powder of the drugs last mentioned and with a quill or reede to blowe it vp into his left Nostrill to make him to neese It shall be good also to let him bloode in the necke vaine Blundevile and in the palat of the mouth and then to giue him one of these drinkes heere following Take of Ireos sixe ounces of round Pepper one ounce of Bay-berries and of the seede of Smallage of each one ounce and let him drinke them with sodden Wine Or else take a pint of good Milke and put therein of Oyle foure ounces of Saffron one scruple of Myrrhe two scruples of the seede of Smallage a spoonefull and make him drinke that or make him this drinke Take of Aristoloch otherwise called round Hartwoâ—t one ounce of Gention of Isop of Wormwoode of Sothernwood of each one ounce of dry fat Figs sixe ounces of the seede of Smallage three ounces of Rue a handfull boile them all in a cleane vessell with Riuer Water vntill the third part be consumed and when you see it looke blacke and thicke take it from the fire straine it and giue the Horsse to drinke thereof lukewarme As touching his dyet let his water be alwaies lukewarme wherein would be put a little Wheat meale and remember to giue him no meate so long as his fit continueth And because in all Agues it is good to quicken the naturall heate of the Horsse by rubbing and fretting his body it shall not be amisse in some faire day to vse this friction called of the ancient writers Apotorapie which is made in this sort Take of Damaske Roses one pound of olde Oyle a pinte of strong vineger a pinte and a halfe of Mintes and Rue beaten into powder of each one ounce and a halfe together with one olde dry Nut beate them and mingle them together then being strained and made lukwarme rub and chafeal the horses body therewith against the haire vntill he beginneth to sweate then set him vp in the warmest place of the stable and couer him well Of the Feuer which commeth of raw digestion or of repletion YOu shall know if the Feuer proceedeth of any such cause by these signes heere following The Horsse will blow at the nose more then hee is accustomed to doe seemeth to fetch his winde onely at his nose and his breath will bee short hot and dry you shall see his flanks walke and his backe to beate The cure Cause him to be let blood aboundantly in the head and palat of his mouth and by squirting warme vineger in the morning into his nostrils force him to neese and if hee bee costiue let his fundament be raked or else giue him a glister to ease the paine in his head And as touching his dyet giue him but little prouender or hay neither let him drink much nor often but betwixt times But in any wise let him be well rubbed and chafed and that a good while together and if you vse the friction declared in the last chapter before in such sort as there is said it shall do him very much good Of the Feuer accidentall comming of some vlcer in the mouth or throat THe Horsse not being well kept and gouerned after that he hath beene let blood in the vpper partes yea and also besides that of his owne nature is subiect vnto the distillation in his throate or partes there about the painefull swelling or vlcer wherof causeth the Horsse to fall into a grieuous Ague Whereof besides the former remedies apt to purge humors it shall be necessary also to let him bloode in the vaine of the head and in the palat of his mouth and to bee short in all those places where the disease causeth most griefe And if
the Horsse bee so sore pained as he cannot swallow downe his meate it shall bee good to giue him lukewarme water mingled with Barly meale or wheat meale and besides that to make him swallow downe seuen sops sopped in wine one after another at one time some vse at the second time to dip such sops in sweet sallet oile Thus far Vegetius Of the Pestilent Ague IT seemeth by Laurentius Russius that Horsses be also subiect to a pestilent feuer which almost incureable Blundevile is called of him Infirmitas Epidimialis that is to say a contagious and pestiferous disease whereof there dyed in one yeare in Rome aboue a thousand Horses which as I take it came by some corruption of the aire whereunto Rome in the chiefe of Summer is much subiect or else corrupt humors in the body ingendered by vnkinde food by reason perhaps that the City was then pestered with more horse-men then there could be conueniently harbored or fed Laurentius himselfe rendereth no cause therof but onely sheweth signes how to know it which be these The Horsse holdeth down his head eateth little or nothing his eyes waterish and his flanks doe continually beat The cure First giue him this glister Take of the pulpe of Coloquintida one ounce of Dragantum one ounce and a halfe of Centuary and Wormwood of each one handfull of Castoreum halfe an ounce boile them in water then being strained dissolue therein of Gerologundinum sixe ounces of salt an ounce and a halfe and halfe a pound of Oyle oliue and minister it lukewarme with a horne or pipe made of purpose Make also this plaister for his head take of Squilla fiue ounces of Elder of Castoreum of Mustard seed and of Euforbium of each two ounces dissolue the same in the iuyce of Daffodill and of Sage and laie it to the Temples of his head next vnto his eares or else giue him any of these three drinks heere following take of the best Triacle two or three ounces and distemper it in good wine and giue it him with a horne or else let him drinke euery morning the space of three daies one pound or two of the iuyce of Elder rootes or else giue him euery morning to eate a good quantity of Venus haire called of the Latines Capillus Veneris newly and fresh gathered but if it be old then boile it in water and giue him the decoction thereof to drink with a horne Martins opinion and experience touching a Horsses Feuer THough Martin haue not seene so many seuerall kindes of feuers to chance to Horsses Blundevile yet he confesseth that a Horsse will haue a feauer and saith that you shal know it by these signes For after the Horsse hath beene sicke two or three daies if you looke on his tongue you shall see it almost raw and scalt with the heate that coms out of his body and he wil shake and tremble reele and stagger when his fit commeth which fit wil keepe his due howers both of comming and also of continuance vnlesse you preuent it by putting the horsse into a heat which would be done so soone as you see him begin to tremble either by riding him or tying vp his Legs and by chasing him vp and downe in the stable vntil he leaue shaking and then let him be kept warm and stand on the bit the space of two houres that done you may giue him some hay by a little at once and giue him warme water with a litle ground mault twice a day the space of three or foure daies and once a day wash his tongue with Alom water vineger and Sage But if you see that all this preuailes not then purge him with this drinke after that he hath fasted al one night Take of Aloes one ounce of Agaricke halfe an ounce of Lycoras and Annis seedes of each a dram beaten to powder and let him drinke it with a quart of white wine lukewarme and made sweet with a little Hony in the morning fasting and let him be chafed a little after it and be kept warme and suffered to stand on the bit meatlesse two or three houres after and he shall recouer his health againe quickly Of sicknesse in generall and the Feuer IN general sicknes is an opposit foe to nature warring against the agents of the body and minde seeking to confound those actions which vphold and maintaine the bodies strength and liuely-hood Markham Who coueteth to haue larger definition of sicknesse let him reade Vegesius Rusius or excellent Maister Blundiuile who in that hath bin admirably well-deseruing plainefull For mine owne part my intent is to write nothing more then mine own experience and what I haue approued in Horsses diseases most auaileable and first of the Feuer or Ague in a Horsse though it bee a disease seldome or not at all noted by our Mechannicall Horsse Farriors who cure many times what they know noâ— and kill wher they might cure knew they the cause yet I haue my selfe seene of late both by the demonstrate opinions of others better learned and by the effects of the disease some two Horses which I dare auouch were mightily tormented with a Feauer though diuers Leeches had thereof giuen diuers opinions one saying it was the bots by reason of his immoderate languishment another affirmed him to be bewitcht by reason of his great shaking heauinesse and sweating but I haue found it and approued it to be a Feuer both in effect nature and quality the cure whereof is thus for the originall cause of a Feuer is surfet breeding putrifaction in the blood then when his shaking beginneth take three new laide Egges breake them in a dish and beate them together then mixe thereto fiue or sixe spoonefuls of excellent good Aqua vitae and giue it him in a horne then bridle him and in some Close or Court chafe him til his shaking cease and he beginne to sweat then set him vp and cloath him warme And during the time of his sicknesse giue him no water to drinke but before he drinke it boile therein Mallowes Sorrell Purslaine of each two or three handfuls As for his foode let it bee sodden Barly and now and then a little Rye in the sheafe to clense and purge him chiefely if he be drye inwardly and grow costiue This I haue proued vneffectlesse for this disease and also much auaileable for any other inward sicknesse proceeding either of raw digestion too extreame riding or other surfet Diuers haue written diuersly of diuers Agues and I coulde prescribe receiptes for them but since I haue not been experimented in them al I meane to omit them intending not to exceede mine owne knowledge in any thing Of the Pestilence THe Pestilence is a contagious disease proceeding as Pelagonius saith somtime of ouermuch labour heate colde hunger aad sometime of sudden running after long rest or of the retention or holding of stale or vrine Blundevile or of drinking colde water whiles the Horsse
somtime spred throughout al the vaines of the body and sometimes perhaps remaining only in the head or else in the spleene or places next adioyning The other mad Horsse was a Roane of Maisters Ashleies maister of the Iewell house which with his teeth crushed his maisters right forefinger in pieces whilest he offered him a little hay to eate whereby hee lost in a manner the vse of his whole hand to the great griefe of al his friends and also of al the muses which were wont to be much delighted with such passing sweete musick as that his fine quauering hand could sometime make vpon diuers instrumentes but especially vpon the Virginals This Horsse I say though he could eat his meat drinke his drink and sleepe yet if hee were neuer so little offended he would take on like a spirit and both bite and strike at any man that came nigh him yea and would bite himselfe by the shoulders most terribly pulling away lumps of flesh so broad as a mans hand and whensoeuer he was ridden he was faine to be musled with a mussell of iron made of purpose to keep him from biting either of his rider or himselfe which no doubt proceeded of some kinde of frenzy or madnes whereunto the Horsse was subiect by meanes that hotblood as I take it abounded ouermuch in him But now as touching the causes signes and cure of Horsses madnesse you shal heare the opinion of old writers for Martin neuer tooke such cure in hand Absirtus and the other Authors before mentioned say that the madnesse of a Horsse commeth either by meanes of some extreame heat taken by traueling or long standing in the hot sun or else by eating ouer many fitches or by some hot bloode resorring to the pannicles of the brain or through aboundance of choler remaining in the vaines or else by drinking of some very vnwholsome water The signes bee these he wil bite the manger and his owne body and run vpon euery man that comes nigh him he will continually shake his eares and stare with his eies and fome at the mouth and also as Hipocrates saith hee will forsake his meat and pine himselfe with hunger The cure Cause him to be let blood in his Legs aboundanly which is doone as I take it to diuert the bloode from his head Notwithstanding it were not amisse to let him blood in the Neck and brest vains Then giue him this drinke take the roots of wild Cowcumber and boile it in harsh red wine put thereunto a litle Nitre and giue it him with a horn lukwarm or if you can get no Cucumber then take Rue Mints and boile them in the wine It were not amisse also to adde thereunto a handfull of blacke Elleborus for that is a very good herbe against madnes Eumelius saith that if you giue him mans dung in wine to drink 3. mornings together it wil heale him also to take of black Elleborus 2. or 3. handfuls boile it in a sufficient quantity of strong vineger therwith rub and chafe both his head and all his body once or twice a day for the oftner his head is rubbed the better and often exercise is very profitable to al his body Some againe would haue the skin of his head to be pierced in diuers places with an hot iron to let out the euill humors but if none of all this will preuaile then the last remedy is to geld him of both his stones or else of one at the least for either that wil heale him or else nothing As touching the diet and vsage of a mad Horsse the Authors doe not agree for some would haue him kept in a close darke and quiet house voyde from all noise which as Absirtus saith will either make him madder or else kill him out of hand His diet would be thin that is to say without any prouender and that daie that he is let blood and receiueth his drinke they would haue him fast vntill euen and then to haue a warme mash of Barly meale yea methinkes it were not amisse to feed him only with warm mashes and hay and that by a little at once vntill he be somewhat recouered Another of the Head-ache Markham THe Head-ache as most are opynionated proceedeth of cold and rast digestion the cure is take a Goose feather annointed with Oyle de bay and thrust it vp into the horsses nostrils to make him neese then take a wreath of Pease-straw or wet hay and putting fire thereunto hold it vnder the horsses nose so as the smoke may ascend vp into his head then being thus perfumed take a knife and pricke him in the pallat of the mouth so as he may licke vp and chaw his own blood which done haue great care in keeping his head warme and doubt not his recouery Of the sleeping euill Blundevile THis is a disease forcing the beast continually to sleepe whether he wil or not taking his memory and appetite cleane away and therefore is called of the Physitians Lethargus it proceedeth of aboundance of flegme moistening the brain ouermuch It is easie to know it by the continuall sleeping of the Horsse The cure of this disease according to Pelagonius Vegetius and others is in this sort Let him bloode in the necke and then giue him this drinke Take of Camomile and Motherwort of each two or three handfuls and boile them in a sufficient quantity of water and put thereunto a little wheat bran salt and vineger and let him drinke a pinte of that euery day the space of three or foure daies together It is good also to perfume and chafe his hed with Time Peniroyall sodden together in vineger or with Brimstone and feathers burned vpon a chafingdish of coales vnder his nose and to prouoke him to neese by blowing pepper and Pyrethre beaten to powder vp into his nostrils yea and to annoint the palate of his mouth with Hony and Mustard mingled together and in his drinke which would be alwaies warme water to put Parsly seede and Fennell seede to prouoke vrine His Legs also would bee bathed and his hooues filled with wheat bran salt and vineger sodden togither and laid too so hot as hee may indure it and in any case suffer him not to sleepe but keepe him waking and stirring by continual crying vnto him or pricking him with some sharp thing that cannot passe through the skin or else by beating him with a whip and this doing he shall recouer Another of the sleeping euill Markham THe sleeping euil in a horsse differeth nothing from that which the Physitians cal the Lethargy in men for it prouoketh the horsse to sleep continually without disisting robbing his memory and appetite of their qualities the knowledge thereof is easily knowne by his drowsinesse and the cure in this sort Let one stand by him and either with fearefull noise or stripes perforce keepe him waking then let him bloode vnder the eies and in the necke and
him out and annoint his body all ouer with Narueoile Turpentine and Deares suet mingled together on the fire and bathe his heade in the iuice of Rue and Camo mile Then giue him to drinke old Ale brewd with Sinamon Ginger Fenecreeke and long Pepper of each three ounces As for his dyet let it be warme mashes sodden wheat and hay thoroughly carded with a paire of wool cards let him be kept verie warme and ayred abroad once a daie at the least If this convulsion be not onely in one member then it is sufficient if euery daye with hard ropes of hay or straw you rub and chafe that part exceedingly and apply there to a little quantity of the oyle Pepper If the convulsion be accidentall proceeding of some hurt whereby the sinnews is wounded or prickt then shal you incontinently take vp the sinnew so wounded searching the wound with great discretion and cut it cleane insunder then shal you endeuor to heale vp the same with vnguents plaisters balms as shall be hereafter mentioned in the chapters of wounds and vlcers of what kind or nature soeuer Of the cold in the head ACcording to the cold which the horsse hath taken is new or old great or small and also according as humors do abound in his head and as such humors be thicke or thin Blundevile so is the disease more or lesse daungerous For if the horsse casteth little or no matter out of his nose nor hath no very great cough but onely heauy in his heade and perhaps lightly cougheth now and then it is a signe that he is stopped in the head which we were wont to call the pose But if his head be ful of humors congeald by some extream cold taken of long time past and that he casteth fowle filthy matter out at the nose and cougheth greeuously then it is a signe that hee hath either the Glaunders or the Strangullion mourning of the cheine or consumption of the lungs For all such diseases doe breed for the most part of the Rhueme or distillation that commeth from the head Of the cures whereof we leaue to speake vntill we come to talke of the diseases in the throat minding heere to shew you how to heale the pose or colde before mentioned Martin saith it is good to purge his head by perfuming him with Frankencence and also to prouoke him to neeze by thrasting two Goose feathers dipt in oyle de Bay vp into his nostrils and then to trot him vppe and downe halfe an houre for these feathers will make him to cast immediatly at the nose Laurentius Russius would haue him to be perfumed with Wheat Penneroyal and sage sodden well togither and put into a bag so hot as may be which bagge would be so close fastened to his head that all the sauour thereof may ascend vp into his nostrils and his head also would be couered and kept warme and to prouoke him to neeze he would haue you to bind a soft clout annointed with sope or els with Butter and oyle de Bay vnto a sticke and to thrust that vp and downe into his nostrils so high as you may conueniently goe and let him be kept warm and drink no cold water Yea it shal be good for three or foure daies to boile in his water a little Fenegreek wheate meale and a few Annis seeds And euerie daie after that you haue purged his head by perfuming him or by making him to neeze cause him to be trotted vp and downe either in the warme Sunne or els in the house halfe an hour which would be done before you water him and giue him his prouender Of the cold in the head THe pose or cold in a horsse is the most generall disease that hapneth and is the easiest perceiued both by stopping ratling in the nose and coughing Markham the cure thereof is in this sort If it be but newly taken by some carelesse regard and immediately perceiued you shal need no other remedy but to keepe him warme euery Morning and Euening after his water to ride him forth and to trot him vp and downe very fast till his cold break and then gently to gallop him a little which moderate exercise with warme keeping will quickly recouer him againe but if the cold hath had long residence in him and still encreaseth then you shall giue him this drinke three daies togither Take of strong Ale one quart of the best Treakle six penniworth of long Pepper and graines of each as much beaten to powder of the iuice of Garlicke two spoonefuls boile all these togither and giue it the horsse to drinke so warme as he may suffer it and then trotte him vp and downe by the space of an houre or more and keepe him warme giuing him to drinke no cold water Of the diseases of the eies HOrsses eies be subiect to diuers griefes as to be waterish or blood-shotten Blundevile to bee dim of sight to haue the pin and web and the haw whereof some comes of inward causes as of humors resorting to the eies and some of outward as of cold heate or stripe Of weeping or watering eies This as Laurentius Russius saith may come sometime by confluence of humors and sometime by some stripe whose cure I leaue to recite because it doeth not differ much from Martins experience heere following take of Pitch Rosen and Mastick a like quantity melt them togither Then with a little sticke hauing a clout bound to the end thereof and dipt therein annoint the Temple vaines on both sides a hand ful aboue the eies as broad as a Testern and then clap vnto it immediately a few flockes of like colour to the horsse holding them close to his head with your hand vntill they sticke fast vnto his head then let him blood on both sides if both sides be infected a handfull vnder the eies Russius also thinketh it good to wash his eies once a day with pure white wine and then to blow therein a little of Tartarum and of Pomis stone beaten into fine powder Of watering eyes WAtering eies commeth most commonly in some stripe or blowe and the cure is thus Lay vnto his Temples a plaister of Turpentine and Pitch molten together Markham then wash his eies with white Wine and afterward blow the pouder of burnt Allome into the same Of bloud-shotten eies also for a blow or itching and rubbing in the eies Martin neuer vsed any other medicine then this water heere following wherewith he did alwaies heale the foresaid griefes take of pure Rose water of Malmesie Blundevile of Fennel water of each three sponfuls of Tutia as much as you can easily take with your thumbe and finger of cloues a dozen beaten into fine powder mingle them together and being luke warme or cold if you will wash the inward part of the eie with a feather dipt therein twice a day vntill he be whole Russius saith that to bloudshotten eies it is
good to lay the white of an Egge or to wash them with the iuice of Selidonye Another of blood-shotten eies or any other sore eie comming of rume of other humor FOr any sore eye make this water take of the water of Eye-bright of Rosewater Markham and Malmesey of each three spoonefuls of Cloues 6. or seauen beaten to fine powder of the iuice of Houselicke two spoonefuls mix all these togither and wash the horsses eies therewith once a day and it will recouer him Of dimnesse of sight and also for the pin and web or any other spot in the eie IF the horsse be dim of sight or hath any pearle growing in his eie or thin film couering the ball of his eie than Russius would haue you take of pomis stone of Tartarum and of sal Gemma of each like weight Blundevile and being beaten into very fine powder to blow a little of that in his eie continuing so to do euerie daie once or twice vntill he be whole Martin saith that hee alwaies vsed to blow a little sandiuoire into the eie once a day which simple he affirmeth to be of such force as it will breake any pearle or web in short space and make the eie very cleare and faire Russius amongst a number of other medicines praiseth most al the powder of a blacke flint stone Of the Pin and Web and other dimnesse Markham FOr to cure the Pinne Web Peatle Fylme or other dimnesse vse this meanes following Take of Sandiuere the powder of burnt Allom and the powder of black Flint-stone of each like quantity and once a day blow a little thereof into the horsses eye and it will weare away such imperfect matter and make the eie cleere Of the Haw called of the Italians Il vnghia de gli occhi THis is a gristle couering sometime more then one halfe of the eie It proceedeth of grosse and tough humours Blundevile discending out of the heade which Haw as Martin saith would be cut away in this sort First pull both the eyelids open with two seuerall threds stitched with a needle to either of the lids Then catch holde of the Haw with another needle and thred and pull it out so far as you may cutte it round the bredth of a penny and leaue the blacke behind For by cutting away too much of the fat and blacke of the eie the horsse many times becommeth blear eied And the haw being clean taken away squirt a littie white wine or beere into his eie Another of the Haw A Haw is a grosse grissell growing vnder the eye of a horsse and couering more then one halfe of his sight Markham which if he bee suffered will in short time perrish the eie the cure is thus Lay your thumbe vnder his eie in the very hollow then with your finger pull downe the lid and with a sharpe needle and thred take hold of the haw and plucking it out with a sharpe knife cut it away the compasse of a penny or more that done wash the eie with a little Beere Of Lunaticke eies VEgetius writeth De oculo lunatico but he sheweth neither cause nor signes thereof but onely saith that the old men tearmed it so Blundevile because it maketh the eie sometime to looke as though it were couered with white and sometime cleare Martin saith that the horsse that hath this disease is blind at certain times of the Moone insomuch that he seeth almost nothing at all during that time and then his eyes will look yellowish yea and somewhat reddish which disease according to Martin is to be cured in this sort First vse the plaister mentioned before in the chapter of waterish or weeping eies in such order as is there prescribed and then with a sharpe knife make two slittes on both sides of his head an inch long somewhat towardes the nose a handfull beneath the eies not touching the vaine and with a cornet loosen the skinne vpward the breadth of a groat and thrust therein a round peece of leather as broad as a two penny peece with a hole in the middest to keepe the whole open and looke to it once a day that the matter may not be stopped but continually run the space of ten daies then take the leather out and heale the wound with a little flax dipt in the salue heere following Take of Turpentine of hony of wax of each like quantity and boile them togither which being a little warmed wil be liquid to serue your purpose and take not away the plaisters from the temples vntil they fal away of themselues which being fallen then with a smal hot drawinge yron make a starre in the midst of each Temple vaine where the plaister did lie Which star would haue a hole in the middest made with the button end of your drawing yron Another of lunaticke or moone eies Markham OF these Lunaticke eyes I haue knowne diuers they are blinde at certaine times of the Moone they are very redde fiery and full of filme they come with ouer-riding and extraordinary heat and fury the cure of them is thus Lay vppon the Temples of his head a plaister of Pitch Rozen and Mastick molten togither very exceeding hot then with a little round yron made for the purpose burne three or foure holes an inch or more vnderneath his eies and annoint those holes euery day with Hogges greace then put it in his eies euery day with a little Hony and in short time he wil recouer his sight Of the Canker in the eie THis commeth of a ranke and corrupt blood discending from the head into the eie The signes You shall see red pimples some small and some great both within and without vpon the eye-lids and al the eye will looke redde Blundevile and be full of corrupt matter The cure according to Martin is thus Firste let him blood on that side the necke that the eie is greeued the quantity of a pottle Then take of Rochalum of greene Coporas of each half a pound of white Coporas one ounce and boile them in three pints of running water vntill the halfe be consumed then take it from the fire and once a day wash his eie with this water being made luke warme with a fine linnen cloath and clense the eie therewith so oft as it may look raw continuing thus to do euery day vntill it be whole Of diseases incident to the eares and poll of the head and first of an Impostume in the eare IMpostumes breed either by reason of some blow or brusing or els of euil humors congealed in the eare by some extream colde the signes bee apparant by the burning and painefull swelling of the eare and part thereabout The cure according to Martin is in this sort First ripe the impostume with this plaister Take of Lineseed beaten into powder of wheat Flower of each halfe a pint of hony a pint of Hogges greace or barrowes greace one pound
wil eat through the gristle of the nose It commeth of corrupt blood or else of sharp humors ingendered by meanes of some extreame cold The signes be these He wil bleede at the nose and al the flesh within wil be raw and filthy stinking sauours and matter wil come out at the nose The cure according to Martin is thus Take of green Coporas of Allum of each one pound of white Coporas one quarterne and boile these in a pottle of running water vntil a pint be consumed then take it off and put thereunto halfe a pinte of hony then cause his head to be holden vp with a drinking staffe squirt into his nostrils with a squirt of brasse or rather of Elder some of this water being lukewarme three or foure times one after another but betwixt euery squirting giue him liberty to hold downe his head and to blow out the filthy matter for otherwise perhaps you may choke him And after this it shal be good also without holding vp his head any more to wash and rub his Nostrils with a fine cloute bound to a white sticks end and wet in the water aforesaid and serue him thus once a day vntill he be whole Of bleeding at the nose I Haue seen Horsses my selfe that haue bled at the nose which haue had neither sore nor vlcer in their Nose and therefore I cannot choose but say with the Physitians that it commeth by means that the vaine which endeth in that place is either opened broken or settered It is opened many times by meanes that blood aboundeth too much or for thaâ— it is too fine or too subtill and so pierceth through the vaine Againe it may be broâ—â—â— by some violent strain cut or blow And finally it may bee fretted or gnawn through by the sharpnesse of the blood or else of some other humor contained therein As touching the cure Martin saith it is good to take a pinte of red Wine and to put therein a quartern of Bole Armeny beaten into fine powder and being made lukewarm to poure the one halfe therof the first day into his nostril that bleedeth causing his head to bee holden vp so as the liquor may not fal out and the next day to giue him the other halfe But 〈◊〉 â—his preuaileth not then I for my part would cause him to be let blood in the brest vaine 〈…〉 same side that he bleedeth at seueral times then take of Frankencense one ounce of Aloes halfe an ounce and beate them into powder and mingle them throughly with the whites of egges vntil it be so thick as hony and with soft Hares haire thrust it vp into his nostrill filling the hole so full as it cannot fall out or else fil his Nostrils ful of Asses dung or Hogs dung for either of them is excellent good to restraine any fluxe of blood Of the bleeding at the nose or to staunch Fluxe of blood in any sort I Haue knowne many Horsses in great danger by bleeding Markham and I haue tryed diuers remedies for the fame yet haue I not found any more certaine then this take a spooneful or two of his blood and put it in a Sawcer and set it vpon a chafingdish of coles â—et it boile til it be al dryed vp into powder then take that powder and if hee bleede at the â—e with a Cane or quil blow the same vp into his Nostrils if his bleeding come of any 〈◊〉 or other accident then into the wounde put the same powder which is a present â—â—edy New Horse-dung or earth is a present remedy applyed to the bleeding place 〈◊〉 are Sage leaues bruised and put into the wound Blundevile Of the diseases in the mouth and first of the bloudy rifts or chops in the palat of the mouth THis disease is called of the Italians Palatina which as Laurentius Russius saith commeth by eating hay or prouender that is full of pricking seedes which by continual pricking fretting the furrowes of the mouth do cause them to rankle and to bleed corrupt and stinking matter which you shal quickly remedy as Martin saith by washing first the sore places with vineger and salt and then by annointing the same with hony Of the bladders in a Horsses mouth which our old Ferrers were wont to cal the Gigs The Italians call them Froncelle THese be litle soft swellings or rather pustuls with blacke heads growing in the inside of his lips next vnto the great iaw-teeth which are so painful vnto the horse as they make him to let his meat fal out of his mouth or at the least to keepe it in his mouth vnchawed whereby the horsse prospereth not Russius saith that they come either by eating too much cold grasse or else pricking dusty and filthy prouender The cure wherof according to Martin is in this sort Slit them with a launcet and thrust out all the corruption and then wash the sore places with a little vineger and salt or els with Alum water Of the bladders in a Horse mouth Markham SOme Horsses will haue bladders like paps growing in the inside of their lips next to their great teeth which are much painful the cure whereof is thus Take a sharp paire of shears and clip them away close to the gum and then wash the sore place with running water Allum and hony boiled together til it he whole Of the Lampasse THe Lampasse called of the Italians Lampascus proceedeth of the aboundance of blood resorting to the first furrow of the mouth I meane that which is next vnto the vpper foreteeth causing the said furrow to swell so high as the Horsses teeth so as he cannot chew his meate but is forced to let it fall out of his mouth The remedy is to cut al the superfluous flesh away with a crooked hot iron made of purpose which euery Smith can do Another of the Lampasse THe Lampasse is a thick spungy flesh growing ouer a horsses vpper teeth hindering the coniunction of his chaps â—arkham in such sort that hee can hardly eat the cure is as followeth Cut all that naughty flesh away with a hot yron and then rub the sore well with salt which the most ignorant Smith can do sufficiently Of the Canker in the mouth THis disease as Martin saith is a rawnesse of the mouth and tongue which is full of blisters â—lundevile so as he cannot eat his meate Which proceedes of some vnnaturall heate comming from the stomach For the cure whereof take of Allum halfe a pound of Hony a quarter of a pinte of columbine leaues of Sage leaues of each a handfull boile al these together in three pints of water vntill a pinte be consumed and wash the sore places therewith so as it may bleede continuing so to do euery day once vntill it be whole Another of the Canker in the mouth THis disease proceedeth of diuers causes as of vnnaturall heat of the stomach of foule feeding Markham or of the
a straw deep so as both ends may meet vpon the breast then make a hole in his forehead hard vnder the fore-top and thrust in a cornet vpwarde betwixt the skin and the flesh a handfull deepe then put in a Goose feather doubled in the midst and annointed with Hogs-greace to keepe the hole open to the intent the matter may run out the space of ten daies But euery day during that time the hole must be clensed once and the feather also clensed and fresh annointed and so put in again And once a day let him stand vpon the bit one houre or two or be ridden two or three miles abroad by such a one as wil beare his head and make him to bring it in But if the Cricke be such as the Horsse cannot holde his necke straite but cleane awry as I haue seene diuers my selfe then I thinke it not good that the Horsse be drawne with a hot iron on both sides of the necke but onely on the contrary side As for example if he bend his head toward the right side then to draw him as is a foresaid onely on the lefte side and to vse the rest of the cure as is aboue saide and if neede bee you may splent him also with handsome staues meete for the purpose to make his necke stand right Of Wennes in the neck A Wen is a certaine kirnell like a tumor of swelling the inside whereof his hard like a gristle and spongious like a skin ful of wrets Of Wens some be great and some be small Againe some be very painefull and some not paineful at all The Physitians say that they proceede of grosse and vicious humors but Vegetius saith that they chance to a Horsse by taking cold or by drinking of waters that be extreame cold The cure according to Martin is thus take of Mallowes Sage and red nettles of each one handful boile them in running water and put therunto a litle butter and hony and when the herbs be soft take them out and all to bruise them and put thereunto of oile of Bay two ounces and two ounces of Hogs-greace and warme them together ouer the fire mingling them well together that done plaister it vpon a piece of leather so big as the Wen and lay it to so hot as the Horse may endure it renewing it euery day in such sort the space of eight daies and if you perceiue that it will come to no head then lance it from the midst of the Wen downward so deep as the matter in the bottom may be discouered and let out that doone heale it vp with this salue take of Turpentine a quarter and wash it nine times in faire new water then put thereunto the yolk of an egge and a little English Saffron beaten into powder and make a taint or rowle of Flax and dip it in that ointment and lay it vnto the sore renewing the same euery day once vntil it be whole Of swelling in the necke after bloodletting THis may come of the fleame being rusty and so causing the vaine to rankle or else by meanes of some cold wind striking suddainely into the hole The cure according to Martin is thus First annoint it with oyle of Camomell warmed and then lay vpon it a little hay wet in cold water and bind it about it with a cloth renewing it euery day the space of fiue daies to see whether it wil grow to a head or else vanish away If it grow to a head then giue it a slit with a lancet and open it with a Cornet that the matter may come out Then heale it vp by tainting it with Flax dipt in Turpentin and Hogs-greace molten together dressing it so once a day vntil it be whole How to staunch blood IF a Horsse be let blood when the signe is in the necke the vaine perhaps will not leaue bleeding so soone as a man would haue it which if any such thing chance then Russius saith it is good to binde thereunto a little new Horse dung tempered with chalke and strong vineger and not to remooue it from thence the space of three daies or else to lay thereunto burnt silke felt or cloath for al such things wil staunch blood Of the falling of the Crest THis commeth for the most part of pouerty Blundevile and specially when a fat Horse falleth away sodainely The cure according to Martin is thus Draw his Crest the deepnes a straw on the contrary side with a hot iron the edge of which iron would be halfe an inch broad and make your beginning and ending somewhat beyond the fall so as the first draught may go all the way hard vppon the edge of the mane euen vnderneath the rootes of the same bearing your hand right downward into the neckeward then answer that with another draught beneath so far distant from the first as the fal is broad compassing as it were al the fall but stil on the contrary side and betwixt those two draughts right in the midst draw a third draught then with a button iron of an inch about burne at each end a hole and also in the space betwixt the draughts make diuers holes distant three fingers broade one from another that done to slake the fire annoint it euery day once for the space of nine daies with a feather dipt in fresh butter moulten Then take Mallowes and Sage of each one a handfull boile them well in running water and wash the burning away vntill it be raw flesh then dry it vp with this powder Take of hony halfe a pinte and so much vnslect lime as wil make that hony thicke like paast then hold it in a fire-pan ouer the fire vntil it be baked so hard as it may be made in powder and sprinkle that vpon the sore places Of the falling of the Crest THe falling of the Crest is occasioned most commonly through pouerty yet somtimes I haue seen it chance through the il proportion of the crest Markham which being hye thicke and heauy the necke thin and weake vnderneath is not able to support or sustaine it vp how euer it be there is remedy for both if it proceede of pouerty first try by good keeping to get it vp againe but if it wil not rise or that the originall of the disease be in the il fashion of the crest then let this be the cure First with your hand raise vp the Crest as you would haue it stand or rather more to that side from which it declineth then take vp the skin betweene your fingers on that side from which the Crest swarueth and with a sharpe knife cut away the breadth of very neere an inch and the length of foure inches which doone stitche vp the skinne together againe with three or foure stitches and by meanes of strings weights or other deuises keepe the crest perforce leaning on that side applying thereunto a plaister of Deeres sewet and Turpentine boiled together till the sore
bee healed and at the selfe same instant that by this maner of insition you draw together and straiten the skin on that side you shal in this sort giue liberty to the other side wherby the crest may the easier attaine to his place Take a hot yron made in fashion of a knife the edge being a quarter of an inch broad and therewith from the vpper part of his crest vnto the neather part of the same extending towardes his shoulder draw three lines in this forme ‑ ‑ ‑ and the same anoint daily with fresh butter vntil such time as it be perfectly whole ‑ ‑ ‑ By this manner of cure you may make any laue-eard Horsse to be as pricke eard ‑ ‑ ‑ comly as any other Horse whatsoeuer Of the manginesse of the maine THe manginesse proceedeth of rankenesse of blood or of pouerty of lowsines or else of rubbing where a mangy Horsse hath rubbed Blundevile or of filthy dust lying in the mane for lacke of good dressing The signes be apparant by the itching and rubbing of the Horsse and the scabbes fretting both flesh and skin The cure according to Martin is thus take of fresh grease one pound of quicksiluer halfe an ounce of Brimstone one ounce of rape oyle halfe a pint mingle them together and stir them continually in a pot with a slice vntill the quicksiluer be so wrought with the rest as you shall perceiue no quicksiluer therein That done take a blunt knife or an old Horssecombe and scratch all the mangy places therewith vntill it bee raw and bloody and then annoint it with this ointment in the sunshine if it may be to the intent the ointment may sinke in or else hold before it a fire pan or some broad bar of iron made hot to make the ointment to melt into the flesh And if you see that within the space of three dayes after with this once annointing he leaue not rubbing then marke in what place he rubbeth and dresse that place againe and you shall see it heale quickly Of the falling of the haire of the mane IT falleth for the most part because it is eaten with little Wormes fretting the rootes in sunder which according to Martin you shall remedy in this sort Annoint the mane and Crest with sope then make stronglie and wash all the mane and Crest withall and that wil kill the wormes within twice or thrice washing Of griefes in the withers TO a horsses withers and backe do chance many griefes and sorances which as Russius saith do sometime proceed of inward causes as of the corruption of humors and sometime of outward causes as through the galing and pinching of some naughty saddle or by some heauy burthen laide on the horsses-backe or such like And of such griefes some be but superficiall blisters swellings light gals or brusings and be easily cured Some againe do pierce to the very bone and be dangerous and especially if they bee nigh the backe bone let vs first then shew you the cure of the smaller griefes and then of the greater Another of blistrings or small swellings in the withers or backe and gallings WHensoeuer you see any swelling rise then Martin woulde haue you to bind a litle hot horse dung vnto it and that will asswage it If not Blundevile then to pricke it round about the swelling either with a fleame or els with a sharpe pointed knife not too deepe but so as it may pierce the skin and make the blood to issue forth That done take of Mallowes or else of smallage two or three handfuls and boile them in running Water vntill they be so soft as pap Then straine the water from it and bruse the hearbs in a trean dish putting thereunto a little Hogges greace or els sallet oile or sheepes sewet or any other fresh greace boile them and stir them togither not frying them hard but so as it may be soft and supple and then with a clout laie it warme vpon the sore renewing it euerie daie once vntill the swelling be gone For this will either driue it awaie or els bring it into his heade which lightlie chaunceth not vnlesse there bee some gristle or boane perished Russius biddeth you so soone as you see any swilling rise to shaue the place with a rasor and lay thereunto this plaister take a little wheat flower and the white of an egge beaten togither and spreade it on a little clout which beeing laide vnto the swelling two or three daies and not remoued wil bring it to a heade and when you come to take it off pull it away so softly as you can possible and whereas you see the corruption gathred togither then in the lowest place thereof pierce it vpwarde with a sharpe yron somewhat hot that the corruption may come out and annoint the sore place euerie day once with fresh butter or Hogges greace but if the skinne be onely chafed off without anie swelling then wash the place with water and salt or els with warme Wine and springle this pouder thereon take of vnsleact lime beaten into fine pouder and mingle it with honie vntil it be as thicke as any paast and make rolles or bals thereof and bake them in a fire-pan ouer the fire vntil they be so hard as they may be brought to pouder for this is a verie good pouder to drie vp anie galling or sore The pouder of Mirre or burnt silke fealt or cloath or anie olde post is also good for such purposes but whensoeuer you vse this pouder of lime and honie let the place be washed as is aforesaide Of great swellings and inflammations in a Horsses withers IF the swelling be verie great then the cure according to Martin is thus First drawe round about the swelling with a hotte Iron and then crosse him with the same yron in maner of a checker then take a rounde hot yron hauing a sharpe point and thruste it into the swelling place on each side vp toward the point of the withers to the intent the matter may issue downward at the holes That done taint both the holes with a taint dipt in hogges greace to kil the fire and also annoint al the othâ—r burnt places therewith continuing so to doe vntil the swelling be asswaged renewing it euery day once vntil the fiery matter be clean fallen away and then taint him againe with washed Turpentine mingled with yolkes of Egges and Saffron in such manner as hath beene aforesaide renewing the taint euerie day once vntill it bee whole If you see that the swelling for all this goe not away then it is a signe of some impostumation within and therefore it shal be necessary to lance it and to let out the corruption then take of Hony halfe a pinte of Verdigrease two ounces beaten to powder and mingle it together with the Hony then boyle them in a pot vntill it looke red then being lukwarme make either a taint or plaister according as the wound shal
of the taile Blundevile IN springtime horses many times are trobled with the troncheons in their fundament and then they wil rubbe their taile and breake the haire thereof and yet in his taile perhaps shal be neither itch scurffe nor scabbe wherefore if you rake the horse wel with your hand annointed with Sope and search for those tronchens and pul them cleane out you shal cause him to leaue rubbing and if you see that the haire doe fal awaie it felfe then it is a signe that it is either eaten with wormes or that there is some scurffe or scab fretting the hair and causing such an itch in his taile as the horse is alwaies rubbing the same As touching the wormes scurffe or scab it shal be good to annoint all the taile with sope and then to wash it cleane euen to the ground with stronge lie and that wil kil the wormes and make the haire to growe againe And if much of the taile be worne awaie it shall bee needefull to keepe the taile continually wet with a spunge dipt in faire water and that will make the haire to growe very fast But if the horses taile be maungy then heale that like as you do the manginesse of the maine before rehearsed Againe if there breed any Canker in the taile which wil consume both flesh and bone and as Laurentius Russius saith make the ioyntes to fall away one by one it shall be good as Martin saith to wash all his taile with Aquafortis or strong water made in this sort take of greene Coporas of Alum of each one pounde of white coporas a quarterne Boile al these things togither in three quartes of runninge water in a strong earthen pot vntil one halfe be consumed and then with a little of this water being made luke-warme wash his taile with a little clout or Flax bound to the end of a sticke continuing so to do euery day once vntil it be whole Of the Scabbe THe Scab is a foule scurffe in diuers parts of a horses body commeth of pouerty or il keeping or many times by going amongst woodes wherein they are infected with water boughes it is most incident to olde horses which wil die thereof and chiefely in the spring time when the newe blood appeares the cure whereof I haue spoken before How to know when a horse halteth before in what part his griefe is Being now come to talke of the griefes in the shoulders legs hips houghes ioyntes and hooues causing the horse most commonly to halt I thinke it good first to shew you the way how to find in what part of his legs the horse is grieued when he halteth either before or behind And first you haue to consider that if a horse halteth before it must be eyther in his shoulders in his legs or in his feet If it be in his shoulders and new hurt the horse wil not lift that leg but traile it nigh the ground If it be old hurt he wil cast that Leg further from him in his going then the other and if he be turned on the foreside then he wil halt so much the more If a horse halteth in the leg it is either in the knee in the shank or els in the pastern ioynt if it be either in the knee or pastern ioynt he will not bow that leg in his going like the other but go very stifly vpon it If he halteth in the shank then it is by means of some splent wind-gal or such apparant griefe apt to be seen or felt If he halt in the foot it is either in the cronet heele in the toe in the quarters or sole of the foot If it be in the cronet the griefe wil be apparant the skin being broken or swolen some manner of way if in the heele as by ouerreach or otherwise then he wil tread most on the toe if vpon any of the quarters then going on the edge of a bank or hilly ground he will halt more then on the plain ground and by the horses comming toward you and going from you vpon such edge or banck you shall easily perceiue whether his griefe be in the inward quarter or in the outward quarter the quarter is to be vnderstood from the mid-hooue to the heele If he halt in the toe which is not commonly seen then he wil tred more vpon the heele If the griefe be in the sole of his foot then he wil halt al after one sort vpon any ground vnlesse it be vpon the stones And to be sure in what part of the foote the griefe is it shall be good first to make him go vpon the plain ground and then vpon a hard stony ground yea and also a banky ground Thus hauing declared vnto you in generall how to know in what part a horse is grieued when he halteth before I thinke it meete first to shew you orderly all the particular griefes and sorances whereunto the fore-parts of a horse is subiect together with the causes signs and cure thereof That done I will speak of halting behind and shew you first generally where the griefe is and then particulary declare vnto you euery griefe incident to the hinder parts of a horse And lastly I will speake of such griefes and sorances as are commonly in both parts that is to say as wel to the forelegs and fore-feet as to the hinder legs and hinder feet Of the griefe and pinching in the shoulder THis commeth either by laboring and straining the Horse too young or else by some great burthen you shal perceiue it by the narrownes of the brest and by consuming flesh of the shoulders insomuch as the forepart of the shoulder bone wil sticke out and be a great deal higher then the flesh And if it be of long continuance he wil be very hollow in the brisket towards the armeholes and he wil go wider beneath at the feet then aboue at the knees The cure according to Martin is thus Giue him a slit of an inch long with a sharp knife or rasor vpon both sides an inch vnder the shoulder bones then with a Swans quil put into the slit blow vp first the one shoulder and then the other as big as can possible euen vp to the withers with your hand strike the winde equally into euery place of the shoulders And when they be both ful then beat al the windy places with a good hasel wand or with both your hands clapping vpon the places puffed vp with wind so fast as they can walke one after another ouer al the shoulder then with a flat slice of iron loosen the skin within from the flesh that done rowel the two slits or cuts with two round rowels made of the vpper leather of an old shoo with a hole in the middest that the matter may yssue forth and let such rowles be 3. inches broad and so put in as they may lie plain and flat within the cut then make a charge to lay vpon
hogs greace Then bring him into the stable and let him rest the space of 9. daies but let him lye down as little as may be and put on a pasterne on the sore leg so as it may be bound with a cord vnto the foot of the manger to keepe that legge alwaies whilest he standeth in the stable more forward then the other And at the nine daies end take out the prickes and annoint the sore places with a litle Dialthea or with hogs grease and then turn him out to grasse Of the swelling of the forelegs after great labor GReat labor and heat causeth humors to resort down into the legs making them swel The cure whereof according to Martin is thus Bath them with buttered beere or els with this bath here following take of Mallovves 3. handfuls a rose cake Sage one handful boile them together in a sufficient quantity of vvater and vvhen the Mallovves bee soft put in halfe a pound of butter and halfe a pinte of Sallet-oile and then being somewhat vvarme vvash the svvelling thervvith euery day once the space of three or 4. daies And if the swelling wil not go away with this then take Wine lees and Cumin and boile them together and put thereunto a little wheate-flower and charge al the swelling therewith and walke him often and if it will not serue then take vp the great veine aboue the knee on the inside suffering him not to bleed from aboue but al from beneath Of the Foundering in the forelegs THe cause of this griefe is declared before in the Chapter of foundering in the body whereas I shewed you that if a horse be foundred in the body the humors wil immediatly resort downe into his legs as Martin saith within the space of 24. houres and then the horse wil go crovching al vpon the hinder legs his forelegs being so stiffe as he is not able to bow them The cure whereof according to Martin is in this sort Garter each leg immediatly one handful aboue the knee with a list good and hard and then walke him or chafe him and so put him in a heat and being somewhat warmed let him blood in both the breast vaines reseruing the blood to make a charge withal in this manner Take of that bloode two quartes and of Wheate-flower halfe a pecke and sixe Egges shelles and all of bole Armony halfe a pounde of Sanguis Draconis halfe a quarterne and a quarte of stronge Vineger mingle them altogether and charge all his shoulders Breast Backe Loynes and Forelegges therewith and then walke him vpon some hard ground suffering him not to stand still and when the charge is dry refresh it againe And hauing walked him three or 4. houres together lead him into the stable and giue him a little warm water with ground mault in it and then a litle hay and prouender and then walke him againe either in the house or else abroad and continue thus the space of foure daies and when all the charge is spent couer him well with a housing cloth and let him both stand lye warme and eat but little meat during the foure daies But if you see that at the foure daies end he mendeth not a whit then it is a sign that the humor lies in the foot for the which you must search with your butter paring all the soles of the fore-feete so thin as you shall see the water yssue through the sole That done with your butter let him blood at both the toes and let him bleede well The stop the veine with a little hogs-grease and then tacke on the shooes and Turpentine molten together and laid vpon a little Flax and cram the place where you did let him blood hard with tow to the intent it may be surely stopt Then fil both his feet with hogs grease and bran fried together in a stopping Pan so hot as is possible And vpon the stopping clap a piece of leather or else two splents to keepe the stopping And immediatly after this take two Egges beat them in a dish and put therto bole Armony and bean-flower somuch as wil thicken the same and mingle them wel together make therof two plaisters such as may close each foot round about somwhat aboue the cronet and bind it fast with a list or roler that it may not fall away nor be remoued for the space of three daies but let the sole be clensed and new stopped euery day once and the cronets to be remoued euery two daies continuing so to do vntill it be whole During which time let him rest vnwalked for feare of loosening his hooues But if you see that he begin to amend you may walke him faire and softly once a day vpon some soft ground to exercise his legs and feet and let him not eat much nor drink cold water But if this fundering breake out aboue the hooue which you shal perceiue by the loosenesse of the coffin aboue by the cronet then when you pare the sole you must take al the fore-part of the sole cleane away leauing the heeles whole to the intent the humors may haue the freer passage downeward and then stop him and dresse him about the cronet as is before said Of Foundring OF all other sorances Foundering is soonest got and hardlyest cured yet if it may be perceiued in twenty and foure houres Markham and taken in hand by this meanes heereafter prescribed it shal be cured in other twenty and foure houres notwithstanding the same receit hath cured a horse that hath bin foundred a year more but then it was longer in bringing it to passe Foundering commeth when a horse is heated being in his grease and very fat and taketh thereon a suddaine cold which striketh downe into his legs and taking away the vse and feeling thereof The signe to know it is the horse cannot go but wil stand cripling with al his foure legs together if you offer to turne him he wil couch his buttocks to the ground and some Horses haue I seene sit on their buttocks to feede The cure is thus Let him blood of his two breast vaines of his two shackle vains and of his two vaines aboue the cronets of his hinder hooues if the vaines wil bleed take from them 3. pints at least if they wil not bleed then open his neck vain and take so much from thence Saue the blood and let one stand by and stir it as he bleeds lest it grow into lumps when he hath don bleeding take as much wheat-flower as wil thicken the blood the whits of 20. Egges and three or foure yolkes then take a good quantity of Boleaâ— minacke and a pinte of strong vineger incorporate al these wel together and withal charge his backe necke head and eares then take two long rags of cloath and dip in the same charge and withal garter him so straite as may be aboue both his knees of his forelegs then let his keeper take him out to some stony
and spread as much on a clout as will couer the sore and binde it fast on with a list renewing it euery day once the space of two or three daies and at the three dayes end take away the plaister and annoint the sore with oyle of Roses made lukewarme and that shall fetch away the crust scurfe bred by meanes of the plaister which being taken away wash the sore place well euery day once with his owne stale or else with mans vrine and then immediately straw vpon it the powder of burnt oystershels continuing thus to do euery day once vntill it be whole Another of the Mallander A Mallander is a peeuish sorance and commeth of ill keeping it is on the fore-legs iust on the inside Markham at the bending of the kne it will make a horse go stark stumble much the cure is in this sorte Cast the Horse and with some instrument pluck off the dry scab that wil sticke thereon and rub it till it bleede then take and bind it thereto for three daies in which space you shall see a white asker on the sore then take that off and annoint it with oyle of Roses or fresh butter vntill it be throughly cured Of an vpper attaint or ouerreach vpon the backe sinnew of the shanke somewhat aboue the ioynt THe Italians call this sorance Atrincto which is a painefull swelling of the maister sinnew by meanes that the Horse doth sometime ouerreach and strike that sinnew with the toe of his hinder foote which causeth him to halt The signes be apparant by the swelling of the place and by the horses halting The cure according to Martin is thus wash the place with warme water and shaue all the haire so farre as the swelling goeth and scarifie euery part of the sore place lightly with the point of a rasor that the bloode may yssue forth Then take of Cantharides and of Euforbium of each halfe an ounce mingle them together with halfe a quarterne of Sope and with a slice spread some of this oyntmentouer al the sore suffering him to rest there as you dresse him for one halfe houre after and then you may carry him into the stable and there let him stand without litter and tyed as hath beene said before in the Chapter of the spleene and the next day dresse him with the same ointment once againe euen as you did before And the thirde daye annoint the place with fresh Butter continuing so to do the space of nine daies and at the nine daies end make him this bath Take of Mallowes three handfuls a Rose-cake of Sage an handfull Boile them togither in a sufficient quantity of water And when the Mallowes be soft put in halfe a pounde of Butter and halfe a pinte of Sallet oyle and then being somewhat warme wash the sore place therewith euery day once the space of three or foure dayes Of a nether taint THis is a little bladder ful of ielly much like vnto a wind-gal not apparant to the eie Blundevile but to the feeling growing in the midst of the pasterne somewhat aboue the frush It commeth by a straine or else by some wrench or by any ouer-reach and maketh the horse to halt The signes be these The neathet-ioynt toward the Fewterlocke will be hot in feeling and somewhat swollen The cure according to Martin is in this sort Tie him aboue the ioynt with a list somewhat harde and that will cause the bladder to appeare to the eye Then lance it with a sharpe pointed knife and thrust out al the ielly That doone lay vnto it the white of an Egge and a little salt beaten together and laid vppon Flaxe or Towe and binde it fast vnto the sore renewing it once a day the space of foure or fiue daies during which time let him rest and then you may boldly labour him Of an Ataint AN Attaint is a griefe that commeth by an ouer-reach Markham as clapping one legge vppon another or by some other horses treading vpon his heels the cure is take a sharp knife and cut out the ouer-reach that is if it be neuer so deepe like a hole cut it plain and smooth howe broade soeuer you make it then wash it with Beere and Salt and lay to it Hogges grease Wax Turpentine and Rozen of each like quantity boiled and mingled togither and this wil in few daies heale him be it neuer so sore Of an ouer-reach vpon the heele THis is a cut so as the skinne hangâ—s downe at the heele made with the toe of the hinder foot and is apparant to the eie and it wil cause the horse somewhat to halt The cure whereof according to Martin is thus Cut away the skinne that hangeth downe and binde a little Flaxe dipt in the white of an Egge mingled with a little bole Armony renewing it euery day once the space of three or foure daies and that will heale it Of false quarters THis is a rifte sometime in the outside but most commonly in the inside of the hooue because the inside is euer the weaker part which sides are commonly cald quarters and therof this sorance taketh his name and is called a false quarter that is to say a crased or vnsound quarter which name indeed is borrowed of the Italians calling it in their toong Falso quarto It commeth by euil shooing and partly by euil paring The signes be these The horse wil for the most part halt and the rift wil bleed and is apparant to the eye The cure according to Martin is thus If the horse halt then pul off the shooe and cut so much away on that side of the shooe where the griefe is as the shooe being immediately put on againe the rift may be vncouered Then open the rift with a Rosenet or drawer and fil the rift with a role of Towe dipt in Turpentine Waxe and Sheepes sewet molten renewing it euery day once vntil it be whole And the rift being closed in the top draw him betwixt the haire and the hooue with a hot yron ouerthwart that place to the intent that the hooue may shoote al whole downeward and when the horse goeth vpright ride him with no other shooe vntil his hooue be throughly hardened againe Of halting behind and where the griefe is Blundevile IF a horse halt behind the griefe must either be in the hip in the stiffle in the hough in the hamme in the legge in the neather ioynt pasterne or foot If he halt in the hippe of a new hurt the horse wil go sideling and not followe so well with that legge as with the other But if it be old hurt the sore hippe wil shrink and be lower then the other And is best seene when hee goeth vp a hil or vpon the edge of some banke so as the woorste legge may go on the higher side for then he wil halt so much more because it is paineful vnto him to go so vneuenly wrinching his legge If the griefe
to the eie and easie to know by the description thereof before made The cure according to Martin is thus Firste wash shaue and scarifie the place as before Then take of Cantharides halfe an ounce of Euforbium an ounce broken to powder Oyle de Bay one ounce mingle them wel together colde without boiling them and dresse the sore therewith two daies togither and euery day after vntil the haire be growne againe annoint it with fresh Butter Then fire him both without and within as before without tainting him and immediately take vp the maister veine as before and then for the space of nine daies annoint him euery daye once with Butter vntil the fiered place beginne to scale and then wash it with this bath Take of Mallowes three handfuls of Sage one handful and as much of red nettles boile them in water vntil they be soft and put thereunto a litle fresh butter and bath the place euery day once for the space of three or foure daies and vntil the burning be whole let the horse come in no wet Of the Selander THis is a kind of scab breeding in the ham which is the bent of the hough and is like in al points to the Malander proceeding of like causes and requireth like cure and therefore resort to the Malander Of the hough boonie or hard knob THis is a round swelling boony like a Paris bal growing vpon the tippe or elbow of the hough and therefore I thought good to cal it the hough-boonie This sorance commeth of some stripe or bruse and as Martin saith is cured thus Take a round hot yron somewhat sharpe at the ende like a good bigge bodkin and let it be somewhat bending at the point Then holding the sore with your left hande pulling it somewhat from the sinnewes pierce it with the yron being first made red hot thrusting it beneath in the bottome and so vpward into the belly to the intent that the same ielly may yssue downeward out at the hole and hauing thrust out al the ielly taint the hole with a tainte of Flaxe dipt in Turpentine and Hogges greace moulten together and also annointe the out-side with Hogges greace made warme renewing it euery daye once vntill the hole be ready to shut vp making the taint euery day lesser and lesser to the intent it may heale vp Of the Curbe Blundevile THis is a long swelling beneath the Elbow of the hough in the great sinnewe behind and causeth the horse to halt after that he hath been a while laboured and thereby somewhat heated For the more the sinnew is strained the greater griefe which againe by his rest is eased This commeth by bearing some great weight when the horse is younge or else by some straine or wrinch whereby the tender sinnewes are greeued or rather bowed as Russsius saith whereof it is called in Italian Curba a Curuando that is to say of bowing for anguish whereof it doth swel which swelling is apparant to the eie and maketh that legge to shew bigger than the other The cure according to Martin is thus Take of wine-Leeze a pinte a porringer ful of Wheat flower of Cumin halfe an ounce and stirre them well togither and being made warme charge the sore 3. or 4. daies and when the swelling is almost gone then draw it with a hot yron and couer the burning with Pitch and Rozen moulten together and lay it on good and warme and clap thereon some flockes of his owne colour or so nigh as may be gotten and remoue them not vntil they fal away of themselues And for the space of nine daies let the horsse rest and come in no wet Another of the Curbe Markham A Curbe is a sorance that maketh a horse to halt much and it appeares vpon his hinder legges straight behind vpon the cambrell place and a little beneath the Spauen and it wil be swolne as big as halfe a Walnut the cure followeth Take a small cord and bind his legges hard aboue it and beneath it then beat it and rub it with a heauy sticke til it growe soft then with a fleame strike it in three or foure places and with your thumbes crush out the filthy brused matter then loose the corde and annoint it with Butter vntil it be whole Of the paines Blundevile THis is a kinde of scabbe called in Italian Crappe which is full of fretting matterish water and it breedeâ—h in the pasternes for lacke of cleane keeping and good rubbing after the horse hath beene iournied by means wherof the sand dirt remaining in the haire fretteth the skin and flesh and so breedeth a scab And therefore those horses that haue long haire and are rough about the feet are soonest troubled with this disease if they be not the cleanlier kept The signes be these His legs wil bee swollen and hot and water wil yssue out of the scab which water his hot and fretting as it wil scalde off the haire and breed scabs so farre as it goeth The cure according to Martin is thus First wash wel al the pasternes with Beere and Butter warmed togither and his legs being somewhat dried with a cloth clip away al the haire sauing the fewter lockes Then take of Turpentine of Hogges-greace of hony of each like quantity mingle them togither in a pot and put thereunto a little Bole Armony the yelkes of two Egges and as much Wheat-flower as wil thicken the things aforesaid and make it plaister-like and for that cause it had need to be very wel wrought and stirred togither Then with a slice strike some of the plaister vpon such a peece of linnen cloath as wil serue to go round about the pasterne and bind it fast on with a rowler renewing it once a day vntil it be whole and let not the horse be trauelled nor stand wet Another of the paines PAines is a sorance that commeth of hot ill humors of il keeping it appeareth in the Fetlockes Markham and wil swel in the Winter time and wil send foorth a sharpe water the haire wil stare and the cure is thus Wash them euery day twice or thrice with gun-pouder and Vineger and they wil be whole in one weeke at the most Of Mules or kibed heeles called of the Italians Mule THis is a kind of scab breeding behind somewhat aboue the neather ioynt growing ouerthwat the fewterlock which commeth most commonly for being bred in cold ground or else for lack of good dressing after that he hath bin labored in foule mire and dirty waies which durt lying stil in his legs fretteth the skin and maketh scabby rifts which are soone bred but not so soone gotten away The anguish wherof maketh his legs somtime to swell and specially in winter and spring time and then the horse goeth very stifly and with great pain The sorance is apparant to the eie and is cured according to Martin in this sort Take a piece of linnen cloth and with the salue
Then the cornet standing so still slit the vaine longst wise that it may bleede and hauing bled somewhat from aboue then knit it vp with a sure knot somewhat aboue the slit suffering it to bleed onely from beneath and hauing bled sufficiently then knit vp the veine also beneath the slit with a sure knot and fill the hole of the vein with Salt and then heale vp the wound of the skinne with Turpentine and Hogs-grease molten together and laid on with a little Flax. The taking vp of veines is very necessary and doth ease many griefes in the Legges for the taking vp of the forethigh veines easeth Farcins and swellinges of the Legges the taking vp of the shakell veines before easeth the Quitter-bone and swelling of the ioynts scabs and cratches The taking vp of the hinder veines helpeth the Farcin swellings and both the spauens the taking vp of the shakel veines behind helpeth swelling of the ioynts the paines and kibed heeles and such like diseases Of purging with Purgation or Glister PVrgations is defined by the Physitians to be the emptiyng or voiding of superfluous humors annoying the body with their euill quality For such humors bring euill iuyce and nutriment called of the Physitians Cacochimia which when it will not be corrected or holpen with good dyet alteration nor by the benefit of nature and kindly heat then it must needes be taken away by purgation vomit or Glister But forasmuch as Horsses are not wont to be purged by Vomit as men be I will speake heere onely of Glisters and purgations And first because a Horse is grieued with many diseases in his guts and that nothing can purge the guts so well as a Glyster and especially the thicke guts I wish that our Ferrers would learne to knowe the diuersity of Glysters to what end they serue and with what drugs or simples they should bee made for as the disease requireth so must the Glister bee made some to allay griefes and sharpnesse of humors some to binde some to loosen some to purge euill humors some to clense Vlcers but our Ferrers vse Glisters only to loosen the belly and for no other purpose yea few or none do that vnlesse it be Martin and such as he hath taught who is not ignorant that a Glister is the beginning of purgation For a Glister by clensing the guts refresheth the vital parts and prepareth the way before And therefore whensoeuer a Horse is surfeted and full of euill humors needing to be purged and specially being pained in the guts I would wish you to begin first with a Glister least by purging him by medicine vppon the sudden you stir vp a multitude of euill humors which finding no passage downeward because the guts be stopt with wind and dregges do strike vpwardes and so perhaps put the horse in great danger But now you shall vnderstand that Glisters be made of foure things that is to say of decoctions of Drugges of Oyles or such like vnctious matters as butter and soft grease and fourthly of diuers kindes of salt to prouoke the vertue expulsiue A decoction is as much to say as the broath of certaine hearbes or simples boiled together in water till the third part be consumed And sometime instead of such decoction it shal be needfull parhaps to vse some fat broth as the broth of Beefe or of Sheeps heads or Milke or Whay or some other such like liquor and that perhaps mingled with Hony or Sugar according as the disease shall require the Glister to be either Lenitiue that is to say easing paine or Glutinatiue that is ioyning together or else Abstersiue that is to say cleansing or wiping away filthy matter of which decoction of broath being strained you shall need to take three pintes or a quart at the least And then into that you may put such drugges as shall bee needefull to the weight of three or foure ounces according as the simples shall bee more or lesse violent Of Oyle at the least halfe a pinte and of Salt two or three drammes and then to bee ministred Luke-warme with a horne or pipe made of purpose when the horse is not altogether full panched but rather empty be it either in forenoone or after-noone And as touching the time of keeping glisters in the body you shal vnderstand that to glisters abstersiue halfe an houre or lesse may suffice to glisters Lenitiue a longer time if it may be and to glisters Glutinatiue the longest time of all is most needfull Of Purgations PVrgations for men may be made in diuers sorts and formes but horses are wont to be purged onely with pilles or els with purging powders put into Ale Blundevile wine or some other liquor But the simples whereof such pils or powders be made would be chosen with iudgement and aptly applyed so as you may purge away the hurtfull humours and not the good Learne first therefore to know with what humour or humours the horse is greeued be it Choler Flegme or Melancholy and in what part of the body such humors do abound then what simples are best to purge such humors with what property quality and temperament they be indued For some be violent and next cousins to poison as Scamony or Coloquintida Some againe are gentle and rather meat than medicines as Manna Cassia Whay Prunes and such like And some againe be neither too violent nor too gentle but in a meane as Rhewbarbe Agaricke Sene Aloes The olde men did vse much to purge horses with the pulpe of Coloquintida and sometime with the rootes of wilde Cowcumber and sometime with the broathe of a sodden Whelpe mingled with Nitrum and diuers other thinges whereof I am sure I haue made mention before in the curing of horses diseases Notwithstanding I would not wish you to be rash in purging a horse after the old mens example For as their simples many times bee very violent so the quantities thereof by them prescribed are verie much and dangerous for any horse to take in these daies in the which neither man nor beast as it seemeth is of such force or strength as they were in times past And therefore whensoeuer you would purge him with such like kindes of Purgations as Martin vseth wherof you haue example before in diuers places and whensoeuer you list for knowledge sake to deale with other simples to proue them first vpon such Iades as may well be spared For whosoeuer mindeth to purge a horse well that is to do him good and no hurt had neede to consider manie things as the nature of the horses disease and the horses strength also the nature strength and quantity of the medicine that he ministreth the Region or Countrey the time of the disease the time of the yeere and daie For as the diseases and euill humors causing such diseases are diuers so doe they require to be purged with diuers medicines diuerslie compounded wherein consisteth a point of Art to be learned at
horse they will be so venemous and full of poison that if a man or woman be smitten or pricked therewith Rasius they wil neuer cease from bleeding as long as life doth last If a horse be wounded with an arrow and haue the sweat of another horse and bread which hath bene brent being mingled in mans Vrine giuen him to drink and afterwards some of the same being mingled with horse-grease put into the wounde it will in short time procure him ease and helpe There are some which wil assure vs that if a man be troubled with the belly wormes or haue a Serpent crept into his belly if hee take but the sweate of a horse being mingled with his vrine and drinke it it will presently cause the wormes or the Serpent to yssue forth Dioscorides Pliny The dung of a horse or Asse which is fedde with grasse being dried and afterward dipped in wine and so drunke is a very good remedy against the bitings and blowes of Scorpions The same medicines they doe also vse being mingled with the genital of a Hare in Vineger both against the Scorpion and against the shrew-mouse The force is so great in the poyson of a madde Dogge or Bitch that his pargeted Vrine doth much hurt especially vnto them that haue a sore bile vpon them the chiefest remedy therefore against the same is the dung of a horse mingled with Vineger and being warmed put into the scab or sore The dung aswel of Asses as of horses either raw colde or burned is excellent good against the breaking forth or yssues of the blood Marcellus The dung of Horses or Asses being newe made or warme and so clapped and put to a green wound doth very easily and speedily stanche the bleeding If the vaine of a horse bee cut and the blood doe yssue out in too great aboundance apply the dung of the same horse vnto the place where the veine is cut Russius and the bleeding wil presently cease wherefore the poet doth very wel expresse it in these verses following Pellâ—ganius Sine fimus manni cum testis vritur oui Et reprimit fluidos miro medicamine cursus Albertus The same doth also very wel driue away the corruption in mens body which doth cause the blood to stinke if it be well and iustly applyed vnto the corrupt place The same also beeing mingled with oyle of Roses Aesâ—ulapius and new made and so applied vnto the eares doeth not onely driue away the paine but also doth very much helpe for hearing There is another remedy also for the hearing which is this to take the dunge of a horse which is new made and to make it hot in a furnace Marcellus and then to poure it on the middle of the heade against the Vâ—â—la and afterward to tie the aforesaid dunge in a linnen or wollen cloath vnto the toppe of the head in the night time Pliny The dung of a young Asse when he is first foaled giuen in Wine to the quantity or magnitude of a Beane is a present remedy for eyther man or Woman who is troubled with the Iaundice or the ouer-flowing of the gall and the same property hath the dung of a younge horse or Colte when hee is new foaled But the dunge of an olde horse being boiled in faire water Sextus and afterward strained and so giuen to the party to drinke who is troubled with Water in his belly or stomacke doth presently make vent for the same There is also an excellent remedy against the Collicke and stone which is this to take a handfull of the dung of a horse which hath bene fedde with Oates and Barley and not with grasse Empiricâ—s and mingle verye vvell it with halfe a pinte of Wine all which I do gesse will amount vnto the waight of eighteene ounces and then boyle them altogether vntil halfe of them bee boyled or consumed away and then drinke the same by little and little vntil it bee all drunke vp but it will be much better for the party that is troubled to drinke it vp altogether if he be able There is moreouer a very good and easie way by horse-dung to cure the Ague or quarterne feauer which is thus to burne the aforesaid dung Marcellus and to mingle the very dust it selfe thereof in old wine and then beat it vnto small powder and so giue it vnto the party who is troubled therewith to drinke or suck without any water in it and this wil very speedily procure ease and helpe If that a woman supposeth her childe which is in hir wombe to be dead Pliny let her drinke the milt or spleene of a horse in some sweet water not to the smel but to the tast and she wil presently cast the childe The same vertue is in the perfume which is made of a horses hoof as also in the dry dung of a horse There are some which do vse this means against the falling sicknes or the sicknes called Saint Iohns euil Plinyus that is to mingle the water or vrine which a horse doth make with the water which commeth from the Smiths trough and so to giue it the party in a potion There is a very good helpe for cattell which do void blood through their Nostrils or secret parts which is this Empiricus to make a paast of Wheat-flower and beat it and mingle it togither with Butter and Egges in the vrine of a horse which hath lately drunke and afterward to giue that paast or poultes baked euen into ashes to the beast so grieued To prouoke vrine when a mans yard is stopt there is nothing so excellent as the dung or filthe which proceedeth from the vrine which a horse hath made being mingled with wine and then strained and afterwards poured into the nostrils of the party so vexed There are certaine Tetters or Ring-wormes in the knees of horses and a little aboue the hooues in the bending of these parts there are indurate and hardned thicke skins Dioscorides which being beaten into small powder and mingled with Vineger and so drunke are an exceeding good preseruatiue against the falling sicknes Galen the same is also a very good remedy for them which are bitten with any wilde Beast whatsoeuer By the Tetter or Ring-worme which groweth in a horses knees or aboue the hoofes beaten and mingled with oyle and so poured in the eares the teeth of either man or woman which were weake and loose will be made very strong and fast The aforesaid Tetter without any mingling with oyle pliny doth also heal and cure the head-ache and falling sicknes in either man or woman The same also being drunk out of Clarret Wine or Muscadel for forty daies togither doeth quite expel and driue away the collicke and stone If that any man do get and putte vp the shooe of a horse beeing stroake from his hoofe as he trauaileth in his pace
the disease called the sciatica or hip-gout annointed or rubbed vpon the same Mouse-dung being also mingled with vinegar and oile of roses and so annointed or spred vpon the forehead or temples of any one who is troubled with the head-ach Archigenes will presenly ease and help him of the same The gum called Benzoine being mixed with wine and Saffron and pepper as also with the durt or dung of Mice being new made and mixed with vinegar and mingled al in one medicine and so strained and giuen to one to drinke which is spare and leane in some short space or time it will make him grow very fat Pliny The dung or durt of a mouse being mingled with certaine other medicines is very good and wholesome for those which are troubled with tetters and dry scabs which oouerrun the whole body The dung of mice being mingled with the dust or pouder of Frankincense wtih a little red arsenicke added thereunto is a very profitable and wholesome medicine for those to vse which are troubled with little hand red bunches and swellings arising in diuers and seuerall parts of the body Marcellus Seuen pils being taken out of the dung of a mouse and mingled with vinegar and annointed vppon the forehead and temples of those which are grieued therein will very speedily help and cure them The inward partes of earth mixed with mouse-dung white Pepper and Mirrhe being of each of them halfe an ounce afterwards mingled with Vinegar altogether and so annointed vpon the head of any one which is troubled with the megrime will very effectually and speedily ease and rid him of the same Myrepsus The Hearbe called Strumus beaten together with Mouse-dung and afterwardes mixed with vineger is an excellent remedy against the swellinges in the head or little bunches which arising therein become sores and are full of matter and filthy corruption The dung or durt of mice being melted dissolued and mingled with vineger Marcellus and then rubbed vpon the head of any one who is troubled with the scurfe or skaules thereon in a bath or stone will presently expell and driue them quite away The dung of mice being mingled with Frankincense and so beaten or tempered together vntill they come vnto the likenesse or thicknesse of hony and then annointed vpon the legs or feet of any one that is troubled with the gout he shall find present help and remedy The same disease is also very effectually cured by the dung of a mouse burned or scorched barly mingled together of each being the same weight or quantity Galenus afterwards mixed with vineger altogether and so spread or annointed vpon the diseased parts Ther is also another excellent remedy for curing of the aforesaid disease which is thus to take Cantharides and bruise them all to pieces and mingle them with soft or liquid Pitch and also with Nitre and so anoint or rub them vppon the skinne being prepared for the purpose Pliny but there must be great care had that the skin bee not rubbed or launced too far Afterwards vnto the wounds so made there must be taken the heads gales and dung of mice being mixed with the hearb Lingwort and pepper and so beaten altogether vntill they come vnto a temperate salue or medicine and then anointed vpon the said wounds and they will in very short space cure the same The haires and dung of a Mouse parched or dryed by the fire and annointed vpon the eie-lids of any one which are pield or bare will presently procure haire to grow thereon Mouse-dung being dried in the shade is an excellent remedy against voyding of spetting of blood which floweth from some parts of the body but especially from the belly Alexius Pedemontanas The same is also very good to staunch the blood which issueth from woundes being new made White Sceny-seede and the dung of a Mouse or Hare being put into broath with the stem or stalke of Fennell and so boyled together and afterwards giuen vnto a Woman to drinke who is destitute of milke in her breastes will presently and very speedily procure her milke in great aboundance 〈◊〉 The dung of Mice being steeped or washed in raine water doth ease and refresh the swelling of womens dugs in their time of deliuery The dung of a Mouse being giuen in any drinke or liquor to one that is troubled with the disease called the collick and stone to drinke will in very short space or time cure him of the same Mouse dung being also taken in drinke doth loose the body of either man or woman how fast soeuer they be bound There is an excellent remedy arising from Mouse-dung against the Sciatica or hip-gout which is this to take nine graines of a Mouses dung mixed or mingled with halfe a pinte of wine Marcellus and giuen to the party grieued vpon a bench or foote-stoole to drinke so that he drinke it standing vpon that foot only which paineth him euen at the sun rising and hauing so drunke it let him leape downe and afterwardes let him leape three times and let him do this but three daies together and hee shall haue present help and remedy of his disease Dioscorides Auicen Mouse-dung mixed with Frankincense and sweete Wine and so drunke by any one which is troubled with the collick and stone will presently ease him of the same But the dung of mice mingled with Frankincense water and Hony and so boiled together and drunke doth not onely driue away the paine of the aforesaid disease but also doth breake and quite dissolue the stone Pliny Mouse-dung also being taken in drinke by it selfe alone doth dissolue and melt the stone in the bladder The same being also boyled in water is very good and profitable for those which cannot make Water The same being new made and annointed vpon the belly of any one who is troubled with the collicke or stone shall finde present ease and remedy thereby There is yet moreouer another excellent medicine proceeding from this dung wherby the fruite in a Womans wombe may be brought forth either dead or putryfied without any hurt or preiudice vnto the Woman which is thus first to take Egyptian salt mouse-dung Hippocrates and Gourds which are sowen in woods and afterwards to poure in halfe a pinte of Hony being halfe boyled and to cast one dram of Rozen into the Honny the Gourdes and the mouse-dung and beate them well and throughly together and then roule them vp and fashion them in the manner of acornes and put them to the belly of the party so grieued as often as you shall thinke it meete and conuenient and in vsing this some short space or time you shalsee the aforesaid putryfied fruit to proceed and issue forth Mouse-dung being parched or burned and mingled with Hony is very good and medicinable aswell for those which are troubled with the swellings in their legs and feete as also for
Also Hippocrates prescribeth this medicine following for a remedy or purgation to the belly Plinie first make a perfume of Barly steeped in oyle vpon some coles and then seeth some mutton or sheeps flesh very much and with decoction of Barley set it abroade all day and night and afterwaâ—d seeth it againe and eat or sup it vp warm and then the next day with hony Frankincense and Parsely all beaaen and mingled togither make a suppository and with wooll â—ut it vp vnder the party and it shall ease the distresse The same flesh burned and mixâ—â— in water by washing cureth all the maladies or diseases arising in the secrets and the â—roath of Mutton Goose or Veale wil help against the poison by biting if it be not drawn â—â—t by cupping glasse nor by horse-leach The sewet of a sheepe melted at the fire and with a linnen cloath annointed vpon a burned place doth greatly ease the paine thereof The liuer with the suet and Nitre causeth the scars of the flesh to become of the same coâ—â—ur that it was before the wound it being mixed with toasted salt scattereth the bunches in the flesh and with the dust of womens haire cureth fellons in the fingers or any parte of the bodies The sewet of sheepe or goats being mingled with the iuice of rennish wine grape and shining horse-flies doeth without all scruple or doubt ease the paine of the 〈…〉 bee annointed theâ—â— upon The fâ—â— of sheepe doeth very easily expel the roughnes of tâ—e â—ailes The â—ewet of sheepe or any other small beast being mixed with the herbe called Melander and pounded with Alum afterward baked together and wrought into the maner of a â—eare-cloath Marcellus doeth verie much ease those which are burned by fire in any parts of their body being wel applied thereto The sewet of a sheepe being also applyed to those which â—â—ancâ—kibes in the heeles or chilbâ—anes in their feet wil presently heale them The sewet of a sheepe mixed with womens haire which is burnt to pouder doeth very effectually cure those which haue their ioynts or articles loose beeing annointed thereupon Pliny The fat of Goats or sheepe moistned with warme water and boiled togither being annointed vppon the eies doth speedily cure all paines spots or blemishes in the same whatsoeuer The fat of a sheepe boiled and drunke with sharpe wine is an excellent remedy against the cough The same medicine is also effectually vsed for the expelling of horses coughes The sewet of a sheep being boiled with sharpe wine doth very speedily cure the obstruction of the small guts bloody flixe and any cough of what continuance soeuer Marcellus The same being in like manner drunke while it is hot is accounted for an excellent remedy against the collicke passion The sewet of a sheepe or of a male-Goat being mingled with the fime or dung of a female goat and Saffron doth very effectually cure those which are troubled with the gowt or swelling of the ioynts being anointed vpon the place so greeued It is alâ—o reported that the outward sewet of sheepe betweene the flesh and the skinne betweene the hinder legges is very wholesome for the curing of sundry paines and diseases dioscorides Sheepes sewet or the fat of any other small beast being gathered from the reynes mixed with salt and the dust of a pumeise stâ—ne being applyed vnto the yard of any man doth very speedily cure all paines Aches or swellings therein The fat of sheepe which is gathered from the caule or cell being mingled with the aforesaid medicines do heale all other paines in the priuy members of man or Woman whatsoeuer The same sewet doeth stay the great excesse of bleeding in the nose being anoynted therevppon Sheepes sewet mixed with Goose greace and certaine other medicines being taken in drinke doth helpe abortments in women The liuer of a Sheepe is accounted an excellent remedy against the shedding of the haire on the eye liddes being rubbed thereuppon The same being also baked or boyled is accounted verye profitable for sheepes eies if it be well rubbed thereon The marrow of sheepe is very good to annoint all aches and swellings whatsoeuer Hippocrates The hornes of sheep or of goats pounded to powder mingled with parched barley which hath bene well shaled and altogither mixed with oile being taken in a certaine perfume doth helpe women of their seconds and restoreth to them their menstruall â—uxes Sheepes hornes burned and beaten in wine vntill they be tempered like a pill the right foot being annointed with the right horne and the left foote with the left will mittigate the sorrow of those which are very sore pained and troubled with the gowt Rasis Rhewmaticke or watry eies being annointed with the braines of sheep are very speedy and effectuaâ—ly cured The braines of the same beast is exceeding profitable for the breeding of young childrens teeth being annointed vppon the gums The lungs or light of small beasts but especiallie of a ram doe restore the true skinne and colour of the flesh in chose whose bodies are full of chops and scarres Plinie The lunges or lights of the same beast concocted vppon the vppermost skinne of anye man and applyed verie hot thereunto doe diminish the blacke or blew places therein which haue bin receeiued by the occasion of any stripes or blowes The lungs of sheepe being new taken out of their bellies and applied while they are hot vnto beaten or bruised places Marcellus doeth quite abolish the signes thereof and in shortspace procure remedy The lungs of sheepe or smal Cattle being roasted and taken by any man before hee drinketh wil resist all kind of drunkennesse The lunges of sheepe taken out of their bellies and bound about the heads of those which are phâ—eâ—sie while they are hot will verie speedily ease them of their trouble The lungs of sheep being hot and bound to the head is acounted very profitable for those which are troubled with the pesteferous disease called the drowsie euill The lungs of sheepe being boild with Hempe seed so that the flesh be eaten and the water wherein it is sod be drunke doth very effectually cure those which are greeued with excoriations in their bellies and the bloody flixe The lunges of sheepe being applyed while they are hot doth heale the gowt The liuer of white sheepe well boiled made moist with water thoroughly beaten and applyed vnto the eye-lids doth purge Rhewmatick eies Hippocrates and cause them to be of a more cleare and ample sight If a woman bearing young shall be puffed vp with winde giue her the liuer of a sheepe or goat beaten into small powder while it is hot being pure and without mixture for foure daies togither to eate and let her drinke onely wine and this will very speedily cure her The gall of a sheepe mingled with hony healeth the Vlcers of the eares and procureth easie hearing The gall of a sheepe mingled with sweet wine
the suffocation of the womb and all other diseases incident vnto the secret parts and also helpeth places in the body being burnt by fire The fat of a ram being mingled with red Arsenicke and annointed vppon any scaull or scab the same being afterward pared or scraped doth perfectly heale it It doth also being mixed with Allum helpe those which are troubled with kibes or chilblanes in their heeles The sewet of a ram mingled with the powder of a pumise stone and salt of each a like quantity Sextus is said to heale fellons and inflammations in the body The lunges of smal cattel but especially of a ram doth restore chaps or scarts in the body to their right collour The same vertue hath the fat of a ram being mingled with Nitre The gal of a ram mingled with his own sewet Marcellus is very good and profitable for those to vse who are troubled with the gout or swelling in the ioynts The horne of a ram being burned and the dust of the same mixed with oyle and so pounded together being often anointed vpon a shauen head doth cause the haire to frisle and curle A comb being made of the left horn of a ram and combed vpon the head doth take away all paine vpon the left part thereof if likewise there be paine in the right side of the head the right horne of a ram doth cure it For the curing of the losse of one wits springing from the imperfection of the braine take the head of a ram neuer giuen to venery being chopped off at one blow the hornes being onely taken away and seeth it whole with the skin and the wooll in water then hauing opened it take out the braines and adde vnto them these kinds of spices Cinamon Ginger Mace and Cloues of each one halfe an ounce these being beaten to powder mingle them with the braines in an earthen platter diligently tempering of them by a burning cole not very big for feare of burning which might easily be done but there must great care be had that it be not too much dryed but that it might be so boyled that it be no more dryed then a calfes braines being prepared for meate It shall be sufficiently boiled when you shall wel mingle them at the fire then keep it hid and for three daies giue it daiely to the sick person fasting so that he may abstain from meat and drinke two houres after It may be taken in bread or in an Egge or in whatsoeuer the sicke party hath a desire vnto but there must be regard that he be not in a cleare place and that hee vse this forty daies space which they are wont to vse whose blould is with drawne or fled away and let him abstaine from wine assayng his head There are those which are holpen in a short space some in sixe or eight weekes by this Medicine being receiued But it is conuenient that it be required for three months Marcellus and then it will haue the more power therein The lunges of a Ramme while they are hot applyed vnto woundes wherein the flesh doeth to much encrease doth both represse and make it equal The lungs of smal cattel but especially of Rams being cut in smal pieces applyed whiles they are hot vnto bruised places do very speedily cure them and reduce them to the right collour The same doth cure the feete of such as are pinched through the straightnesse of their shooes The lunges of a Ram applyed vnto kibed heeles or broken vlcers in the feet doth quite expell away the paine notwithstanding the exceeding a chor pricking thereof One drop of the liquor which is boyled out of a Rams lungs put vpon the small nailes vpon the hand doth quite expell them The like operation hath it to expell Wartes being annointed thereupon The corrupt bloud of the lungs of a Ram vnroasted doth hele all paines in the priuy members of man or woman as also expell warts in any place of the body Sextus The iuyce of the lungs of a ram while they are roasted vpon a Gridiron being receiued doth by the vnction thereof purge and driue away the little blacke warts which are wont to grow in the haire or priuy parts of any man The liquor which distilleth from the lunges of a ram being boiled Aesculapius doth heale Tertian Agues and the disease of the raines which grow therein The lungs of a Lamb or ram being burned and the dust thereof mingled with oile or being applyed raw doe heale the sorenesse of kibes and are accounted very profitable to be bound vnto vlcers The lungs of a ram being pulled forth and bound hot vnto the head of any one that is frenzy wil presently help him Against the pestilent disease of sheepe take the belly of a ram and boile it in wine then being mixed with Water giue it to the sheepe to drinke and it wil bring present remedy The gall of a ram is very good for the healing of those which are troubled with any pains in the eares comming by the casualty of cold The gal of a ram mingled with his owne sewet doth ease those which are troubled with the gout The gall of a Weather mingled with the wool and placed vpon the nauell of young children Marcellus doth make them loose in their bellies The stones of an old ram being beaten in halfe a penny waight of water or in 3. quarters of a pint of Asses milk are reported to be very profitable for those which are troubled with the falling sicknesse The stones of a ram being drunke in water to the waight of three halfe pence cureth the same disease The dust of the inward parts of a rams thighs being lapped in rags or clouts washed very exactly before with womens milk doth heale the vlcers or runnings of old sores Pliny The dust of the hoofe of a ram mingled with hony doth heale the bitings of a Shrew The dung of Weathers mingled with vineger and fashioned in the forme of a plaister doth expel black spots in the body and taketh away al hard bunches arising in the flesh The same being applyed in the like manner cureth S. Anthonies fire and healeth burned places The filâ—h or sweat which groweth between the thighs of a ram being mingled with Mirrhe and the Hearbe called Hart-wort and drunke of each an equal parte is accounted a very excellent remedy for those which are troubled with the Kings euill Sextus But Pliny commendeth the filth of rams eares mingled with Myrrhe to be a more effectuall and speedily remedy against the said disease The medicines of the Lamb. The best remedy for bitings of Serpents is this presently after the wound to applie some little creatures to the same Aetius being cut in small peeces and laid hot vnto it as cocks Goats Lambes and young pigges for they expell the poison and much ease the paines thereof An ounce of Lambes blood being fresh before that it doth
being mingled together and dropped in the eares is very profitable for all paines therein The body of a man being annointed with the gall of a bore doth stirre him vp to carnal copulation The gall of a bore being mingled with suet and applyed vpon euery ioynt of the body doeth immediately cure all paines of the gout We haue declared also many things in the medicines of the Sow concerning the remedies of the gall of a bore The stones of a boare being eaten is very good against the fauling sicknesse or the stones of a bore being taken in Mares milke or water is also very effectual against the same disease The hoofes of a bore being burned to ashes and sprinkled vppon drinke and so taken doeth very much helpe those that cannot easily make water The hooues of a bore being burned and beaten to powder and giuen in drinke is very effectuall against the stopping of vrine The hooues of a bore or sow being burned and giuen to drinke in wine is very much commended for those that cannot holde their vrine in their sleepe The dung of a sow which liueth in the woods belng dryed and drunke in water and wine doth stay the voiding of blood and doth ease also old paines of the sides And againe being taken in Vineger it doth stay al ruptures and convulsion and also being mingled with the sirrup of roses it doth remedy or helpe those places which are out of ioynt The dung of a Bore being new made and hot is a speciall remedy against the flux of blood which yssueth forth of the Nostrils The dung of a Bore being mingled in Wine and applyed after the forme of an emplaister do presently draw away and make sound any thinge which cleaueth to the Body It being also brused and sodden with hony and afterwards kneaded like Dow and so applyed to the ioynts doth ease all paines that arise therein An emplaister made of the dung of a Bore is very profitable against all venemous bitings for it draweth forth the poison All other vlcers are filled vppe and clensed with the dung of a Bore except those which arise in the thighes The dung of a bore dried and beaten to pouder and sprinkled vpon drinke doth cure all paines of the sides Againe it beeing dryed and beaten to pouder and administered in wine doth not onely cure the paine in the Spleene but also the paine in the kidnies The dung of a bore being burned to the ashes Pliny Marcellus and giuen to drinke in wine doth ease all paines in the knees and legges The dung of a bore new made and annointed vpon those places that are out of ioynt is verie profiable for them The dung of a field-bore mixed with brimstone and taken in Wine and strained Pitch is very commendable for paines in the Hips The dunge of a bore being mingled with wine and afterwardes strained and giuen to drinke about the measure of two little cuppefuls at a time doth speedily helpe those which are trovbled with the Scyatica It also being sodden in Vineger and Honey doeth mittigate all paines that rise in the feet or anckles The dung of a Bore burned to ashes and sprinckled vpon wine luke-warm and so giuen to drinke doth helpe all those that are troubled with the bloody flixe The rest of the remedies which concerne the dung of a Bore thou shalt finde in the medicines of the sow The vrine of a Bore mingled with hony and Water and so taken in a speciall remedy for those that are troubled with the fauling sicknesse Againe the vrine of a Bore being taken in sweet Vineger doth driue out those things which are dried in the bladder The vrine of a Bore being kept in a glasse doeth cure all diseases and paines in the eares but it is especially profitable for those which cannot hear The vrine of a Bore being kept in a glasse Sextus and made luke-warme and dropped into the eares is a speciall remedy for all Apostumes that are therein The vrine of a Bore which is kept long is farre more profitable if so be that it bee kept in a vessell of glasse Againe the vrine of a Bore being dryed in smoake and moistened with hony and so poured into the eares doth cure the deafenesse of the eares The vrine of a Bore and oile of Cypresse each of them being equally mingled and made Luke warme is also good for the same disease The vrine of a wilde Bore also is of the same force and vertue The bladder of a wilde Bore doth stay the incontinency of the vrine if it be eaten rosted or boiled The blather of a Goate being burned to powder and giuen to drinke in water and wine is very good and profitable for those which cannot make water easily The vrine of a Bore being drunken doth helpe those that are troubled with the stone in the bladder but it is more effectual if it be first of all mingled with the dung The bladder of a Bore moistned with the vrine Sextus and hung vp vntill the waterish humor commeth foorth and then boiled and giuen to those which are Truculent with the Stranguri is verie profitable and good for them Marcellus The bladder of a boare being dried and giuen in drinke is very profitable for those which are troubled with paines in the bladder and wringinges of the guts The vrine of a tame Bore hung vp in the smoke in the bladder of a sow and mixed with drinke is verye profitable for those that are troubled with the Strangury The vrine of a Bore or at least wise the bladder being giuen in drinke hath cured those which haue bin troubled with the Hidropsey as some do say The vrine of a Bore being taken in drinke is very good for those that are troubled with he stone Now forasmuch also as hunters are hurt by some I thought it good to set down what remedies is fit for them Therefore the woundes made of them are daungerous because they are not onely deepe but also large and great and it is also impossible to bring them to agluttination with medicines for the lips of the wounds which is made by contusion are cut off and burned They vse a mutuall gnashing and striking of their teeth together as it were against a whetstone to take reueng vpon those which pursue and followe them Therefore they cause a certaine scab to grow vpon the lips of the wound wherefore it is meet to vse a suppuratiue and not a gluttinatiue maner of cure in them It is meet to vse in running and moist vlcers not hot things but cold both in Winter and Summer For it is an easie matter for a Boare to hurt a Horsse in the inside of his knee in the time of his hunting which doth breed to a waterish vlcer and there doth also follow a swelling To this cold things is to be applyed and it is to be cured by anointing it with a medicin which is called Diachalcanthes or
swift and their legges haue no Articles The naturall properties of Vnicornes They keep for the most part in the desarts and liue solitary in the tops of the Mountaines There was nothing more horible thē the voice or braying of it for the voice is straind aboue measure It fighteth both with the mouth and with the heeles with the mouth biting like a Lyon and with the heeles kicking like a Horse It is a beast of an vntamable nature and therefore the Lord himselfe in Iob saith that he cannot bee tyed with any halter nor yet accustomed to any cratch or stable Hee feareth not Iron or any yron Instrument as Isidorus writeth and that which is most strange of all other it fighteth with his owne kinde yea euen with the females vnto death except when it burneth in lust for procreation but vnto straunger-Beasts with whome he hath no affinity in nature he is more sotiable and familiar delighting in their company when they come willing vnto him neuer rising against them but proud of their dependence and retinue keepeth with them all quarters of league truce Philes Aelianus but with his female when once his flesh is tickled with lust he groweth tame gregall and louing and so continueth till she is filled and great with young and then returneth to his former hostility He is an enemy to the Lyons wherefore as soone as euer a Lyon seeth a Vnicorne he runneth to a tree for succor that so when the Vnicorne maketh force at him hee may not onely auoide his horne but also destroy him for the Vnicorne in the the swiftnesse of his course runneth against the tree wherein his sharpe horne sticketh fast then when the Lyon seeth the Vnicorne fastned by the horne without all danger he fauleth vpon him and killeth him These things are reported by the king of Aethiopia in an Haebrew Epistle vnto the Bishop of Rome It is sayd that Vnicorns aboue all other creatures doe reuerence Virgines and young Maides and that many times at the sight of them they growe tame The taking of Vnicornes and come and sleepe beside them for there is in their nature a certaine sauor wherewithall the Vnicornes are allured and delighted for which occasion the Indian and Ethiopian hunters vse this stratagem to take the beast They take a goodly strong and beautifull young man Albertus Alunnus Tzetzes whom they dresse in the apparrell of a woman besetting him with diuers odoriferous flowers and spices The man so adorned they set in the Mountaines or Woods where the Vnicorne hunteth so as the wind may carrie the sauour to the beast and in the meane season the other hunters hide themselues the Vnicorne deceaued with the outward shape of a woman and sweete smells commeth vnto the young man without feare and so suffereth his head to bee couered and wrapped within his large sleeues neuer stirring but lying still and a sleepe as in his most acceptable repose Then when the hunters by the signe of the young man perceaue him fast and secure they come vppon him and by force cut off his horne and send him away aliue but concerning this opinion wee haue no elder authoritie then Tzetzes who did not liue aboue fiue hundred yeares agoe and therefore I leaue the reader to to the freedome of his owne iudgment to beleeue or refuse this relation neither was it fit that I should omit it seeing that all writers since the time of Tzetzes doe most constantly beleeue it It is sayd by Aelianus and Albertus that except they bee taken before they bee two yeares old they will neuer bee tamed and that the Thrasians doe yeerely take some of their Colts and bring them to their King which he keepeth for combat to fight with one another for when they are old they differ nothing at all from the most barborous bloodie and rauenous beasts Their flesh is not good for meate but is bitter and vnnourishable And thus much shall suffice for the naturall storie of the Vnicorne now followeth the medicinall The medicine arising from the Vnicorne Concerning the hornes of the Vnicorne I haue sufficiently already written as the auntientes haue deliuered in their remedies but in this place I will handle the remedies which late writers haue attributed thereunto as also our owne obseruations of the same I remember that in times past I saw a peece of this horn of the weight of nine inches with a certaine Merchant in the marker being blacke and plaine and not wreathed in circles or turnings but at that time I did not so much obserue it Now amongst our Apothecaries I do not onely find smal or little fragments out of which they yssued as they say some certaine marrow which are rounder whiter and softer But both the same colour as also the substance being put too much and eaten if it be easily crummed and not stuft as other hornes doeth signifie the same not to be good or perfect but counterfetted and corrupted as perhaps the horne of some other beast brent in the fire some certaine sweet odors being thereunto added and also imbrued in some delicious or aromaticall perfume peraduenture also Bay by this means first burned and afterward quenched or put out with certaine sweet smelling liquors There is great care to be had that it be taken new and while it smelleth sweete not either abolished by age nor the vertue thereof deminished by often or frequent cups For rich men do vsually cast little peeces of this horne in their drinking cups either for the preuenting or curing of some certaine disease There are also some which enclose it in gold or siluer and so cast it in their drinke as though the force thereof could remaine many yeares notwithstanding the continuall soking in wine But that which is so vsed and drunke in wine doth bring vpon it a certaine dark or obscure colour the whitenesse which before remained vppon the same being quite lost expelled and vtterly abolished Most men for the remedies arising from the same commaund to vse the horne simply by it selfe Others prefer the marrowe therein It being cast in wine doth boyle which some men either through ignorance or deceipt impute to be a signe of the true horne when as contrarily any other hornes being brent do in water or wine cause bubles to arise There are some wicked persons which do make a mingle mangle thereof as I sawe amongst the Venetians being as I heare say compounded with lime and sope or peraduenture with earth or some stone which things are wont to make bubles arise and afterwards fell it for the Vnicornes horne Wherefore it shall be more safe to buy it out of the whole horne if it may be done or of greater crums and which may well describe the figure of a horne then smal fragments where you may receiue lesse deceit A certaine Apothecary which was at Noramberg in a stately mart towne amongst the Germans declared the way vnto me how