Selected quad for the lemma: water_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
water_n	boil_v	pound_n	sugar_n	7,388	5	10.8240	5	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A06946	Markhams farwell to husbandry or, The inriching of all sorts of barren and sterill grounds in our kingdome, to be as fruitfull in all manner of graine, pulse, and grasse as the best grounds whatsoeuer together with the anoyances, and preseruation of all graine and seede, from one yeare to many yeares. As also a husbandly computation of men and cattels dayly labours, their expences, charges, and vttermost profits. Attained by trauell and experience, being a worke neuer before handled by any author: and published for the good of the whole kingdome.; Farewell to husbandry	Markham, Gervase, 1568?-1637.	1620 (1620)	STC 17372; ESTC S112107	100,169	168

frequent trade can witnesse and our many Plantations all like most rich flockes bringing their fleeces to our Iland and clothing it more rich then any neighbour Nation whatsoeuer then sith our trade is so honourable and gainefull and no way to be continued preserued but by sea-faring sea iournes what can be more fit for any good husband to know then that which is the strength sinewes nourishment and ability of such labor which indeed is victuall and of all victuall none so good sound sweet and long lasting nor so wholesome for mans body as graine and pulsse for all God be thanked our land is excellently stored nay farre exeeding most of the Nations in Christendome with Beefe Bacon Porke Fish Butter Cheese and many such like most excellent prouissions all which are able to indure the sea yet seeing they are euer falt and preserued in falt they doe not onely breed in men the Scuruy Iaundise Dropsie and such like but many other contagious as Calamtures hot Feuers a●…d other sicknesses proceeding from adust and choller which being well corrected with fresh meates such as are made of graine and Pulse for they are all the fresh meates that a man can well or certainly carry to the Sea in a tedious long voyage they keepe men able and in strength fit for any imployment To speake then of the Graines and Pulses which are meetest for the sea and their seuerall vses It is to be vnderstood that the best and principallest Graine which is indeede both most sweete most fresh most pleasant in taste and most long lasting is Ryce which although it grow not much in our kingdome but that we are beholden to our good neighbours for the trade thereof yet it is in such plenty where we fetch it that we need neither complaine of the scarcity nor the cost and so much the rather in that a pecke therof will goe further then a bushell of any other Graine of this Ryce is made many good and wholesome dishes some thicke some thinne some baked some boyld as thus if you take a quarter of a pound of Ryce and boyle it in a pottel of water til it come vnto an indifferent thicknesse and then put into it a good lumpe of potted or barrelled butter and ●…s much suger as shall salt-wise season it to an indifferent sweetnesse it is a dish of meat meet for an Emperour at Sea wholesome good and light of disiesture and will be as much as foure reasonable men can well eate at a meale for the nature of the Rice is such that it will swell in boyling and grow to that bignesse that in an instant it will thicken a pottle some vse the night before they boyle it to steepe it in so much water as will onely couer the Rice all ouer and then the next day boyle it in a pottle of water more and the Rice so steeped will so swell that all the first water will be drunke vp and a great deale of lesse boyling will serue to make it ready and sure then this a man cannot finde a cheaper way to feed men since one pint of water and the fourth part of a quarter of a pound of Rice which comes not to aboue a halfe peny at the dearest reckoning is a meele sufficient for a mans eating hauing bisket and drinke proportionably And this dish of meate being but thus thinne boyled is called at Sea Lob-lolly and after salt-feeding is wondrous wholsome and comfortable to any man whether he be sicke sound or diseased and both abateth infirmities hastneth the healing of all wounds There be others that after they haue steeped this rice as aforesaid doe then boyle it in like manner till it be so thick that a spoone may stand vpright in it and no liquidnesse of the water perceiued then put a good lumpe of butter into it and boyle it with it and stirre it about and it wil make it come most clean out of the pot in which it is boyled then season it with suger and a little Cynamon it wil be a dish of meat right good and delicate and meete for any man of what quallity soeuer that is worth goodnes or preseruing nor need the quantity exceed the proportion already described Againe if you haue meale in the Ship if you take of this Rice steeped in water and a little lightly boyled and seasoned with Suger Cinamon and Ginger and a good quantity of butter and then bake it in litle Bastics you shal find it a most delicat pleasant and wholesome meat and that a penny in it shall goe further and giue better contentment then foure peniworth of Beese Bacon Fish or any other hard salt meat yet do not wish any man on Shipboard to make this a continual feeding dish for it is both too pleasant and too strong and where cuacuation of some humors are wanting may breede inconuenience in strong bodies but rather to vse it once a weeke as a physicall nourisher or for the comfort of sicke and diseased men whose stomackes are tane away or else weakned there may be also made of this Ryce in time of necessitic being ground to a fine mcale an excellent good Bread or Ruske which is pleasanter sweeter and much longer lasting then any made of Wheate or any other graine whatsoeuer besides many other secdes which would in this place shew but too much curiosity to repeate The next Graine vnto Rice which is of estimation and great seruice at the Sea is Wheate of which although there be diuers kinds yet they are all alike for the sertling of this purpose onely the large and thick huld Wheat being well dryed will last the longest but the smaller and fine skinde Wheate yeeldes the purer slowre and makes the better meate Now of this wheat is to be made diuers dishes of meat for some doe take it and bruse or beat it in a bagge till the vpper skinne be beaten off and then hauing drest and winnowed it boyle it in cleane water till it burst and grow as thick as pap then take it from the fire and being hot put it into seuerall dishes of wood or traies so much in euery dish or tray as may serue foure men and so let it coole then giue it to the sicke or sound as you shall be directed and it is an excellent wholesom good meat either cold or els hot and a little butter melted with it or being againe boild in fresh water and seasoned with salt and a little suger it makes an excellent grewell or lob-lolly which is very soueraigne at Sea also your parcht wheat is a very good food at Sea and of much request estimation being sprinkled with a little salt and of this foode a little will serue a man at a time by reason that the much sweetnesse thereof soone silleth and cloieth the stomack yet it is wondrous light of digestion breeds great strength and much good bloud as we dayly finde

by experience The next Graine vnto this which is to be recommend to the Sea and which is indeed not any thing inseriour to either of the other going before both for strength and lasting is Otemeale which by reason of the great drynesse and drying thereof feeles little or no imperfection at the Sea as being vnapt to sucke or draw in any of the ill or moyst vapours thereof Of this Oatemeale is made many good fresh and comfortable meats at Sea as Grewell or loblolly by boyling it in fresh water and seasoning it with salt and if you haue it conueuiently sometimes with suger and a few currants and a little mace which is meate of great strength and goodnesse especially for such as are sick and weake for it is a great restorer of nature and purger of the blood also to stecpe the whole Grotts of Oatmeale a night in water and then draining them putting it vnto a bag boile it til the grotts break then putting it out of the bag butter it with butter it is an excellent foode also boyling Oatmeale in fresh water with barme or the dregges and hinder ends of your Beere barrels makes an excellent good pottage and is of great vse in all the parts of the West Countrie especially where Marryners or Sea-men liue and are called by the name of drousson pottage Also of Oatemeale is made that meate which is called in the West Washbrew and may be made at the Sea at you pleasure being a meate of that great account amongst Deuonshire and Cornishmen that they will allow it no paralell and for my owne part I haue heard a most famous well learned Phisition in those parts allow it to be a meate of singular great strength and goodnesse and withall so light of disiestion that a man can very hardly surfeit vpon it at any time and I am the rather induced to beleeue the same because I haue obserued and seene many of the laboring men of that Countrey to eate such an vnmeasurable quantity thereof that in mine eye one mans supper would haue serued a whole family But you will say hunger and labour are such excellent sawces that they will disgest any thing To that I answere that I haue seene the best Gentlemen and Gentlewomen of that Countrey of whom as much curiositie hath attended as is lyable to the City nay such as haue had sicknesse their best familiar yet eate of this with great and sharpe appetite and when health was most to be feared then to boast of most soundnes This washbrew is to looke vpon like Painters cyze or new made Ielly being nothing but the very heart of the oatmeale boyled and drayned to that height and thicknesse hauing neither hull nor branne in it but the pure meale and water and it is to be eaten either with wine strong beare orale or with fine clarified hony according to mens stomacks or abilities Now this the eaters therof affirm that by no means it must be chaw'd but rather swallowed by the spoonfuls whole because chawing like a pil makes it taste vnpleasantly There is againe another meat to be made of oatmeale which is called Gertbrew and is somewhat more course and lesse pleasant then wash-brew hauing both the branne and huls in it yet is accounted a food of a very good strength and exceeding wholesome for mans body and of my knowledge much vsed and much desired of all labouring persons that are acquainted with it many other foods there are to be made of oatemeale but these shall be at this time fully sufficient The next graine to this I account Barley which may be euery way vsed like vnto Wheate either to make Grewell to be creyed parcht or boyled and of Barley for this purpyse of food the best is French Barley the next is barley byg or beare barley and the worst are the spi●…ke or battledore barley and our common English barley And as Barley or Wheate so you may vse you Buck and your Indian Silligo for they are of like nature only aske a longer time in their beating steeping and boyling because they are naturally more hard more dry by reason of the heate of the climat in which the best grow and it is euer to be obserued for a rule that the dryer you keepe your corne at Sea the better it is the sweeter and longer lasting Now hauing shewed the vse of these lighter graines I will come to Pulse and shew their vse and benefit at the Sea or in besieged townes and of Pulse I will first speake of Beanes as a principall food wholesome and strong and though not so fine and light of digestion as any of the former yet exceeding harty and sound a great breeder of good bloud they are for the most part to be boyled whole till such time as they apeare soft and tender or begin to breake and then drained from the water are serued in traies and well salted and so eaten a pottell whereof is thought a full proportion for foure men and of these Beanes there are diuers kinds as the common garden Beane or French beane which is great broad and flat and these are the best to boyle either with meat or by themselues and aske the least labour because their outer skinne is most tender and the inward substance most apt to be mollified and softned they may also be boiled both when they are yong and greene and when they are old and dry and the meat at both times is good and sauory The next bean to these are the Kidney beane which is flatter and lesser and neerer the proportion of a kidney then the French Beane is and this is also a garden beane and whilest it is young green is to be eaten sallet wise after they are boild both the cod and beane together and it is certaine a better sallet cannot be tasted for the cod or huske is euery way as excelent in taste as the beane is but after they grow olde and dry and that the moisture is gone out of the cod then it is meete to thrash them and then boyle them like the French beane and they are euery way as good meat and as soone boyld and as tender The next Beane to these are your common and ordinary Field beanes which hauing tough and hard skins aske more boiling then the other beanes are somewhat harder in taste yet a good souud food also there be many that parche them in the fire and thinke them then the best meat because the fire sooner breakes the skin and softneth the kirnell but they cannot be done so abundantly and therefore are not so much in vse After this great sort of Pulse I will speake of the smaller sort as Pease and their like and of Pease there betwo kinds the garden Pease and the field Pease and for this vse albeit both are good yet the garden Pease are best for they are soonest boyld are

breed Pismires Next vnto these your Dores or great black Clocks are vehement destroyers of all kind of Corne both white corne and Pulse whilst it lyeth dry in the earth and before it sprout for after it beginneth to rot they doe no more touch it and these Dores destroy it in the same manner as the Pysmyres doc by creeping in at the small crauies of the earth and finding the graine doe as long as it is dry feed thereon and though they are no hoarders or gatherers together of the graine keeping it in heapes in dry places as the Pismyres and other vermine doc yet they are great feeders thereon and that continually besides they will euer chuse out the fullest and best Corne and leaue the leaner wherby they doe the Husbandman a double in●…ury as first to deuoure and then to deuoure but the best onely The care or preuention for these Dores or blacke Clocks is in seed-time to make great smoakes in your corne-fields which will presently chase them from thence for they are the greatest enemies that may be to all manner of smoake but if that be not sufficient then immediately before you sow your Corne you shall very lightly sow your land with sharpe lime and whensoeuer the Dore shall find the smell or taste therof presently he wil depart or if he eat of the grain that toucheth the lyme it is as present poyson vnto him and he there dyeth After these your field Rats and Myce are very vehement destroyers of all manner of Graine or seeds before they sprout especially all sorts of wheate and all sorts of pulse because for the most part those kinde of graines in many soyles are sowne vnder furrow and not harrowed so that the furrowes at first lying a little hollow these vermines getting in betweene the earth and them will not onely deuoure and eat a great part of the graine but also gather together great heapes thereof into their nests as is often seene when at any time their nests are found some hauing more some lesse according to their labours And albeit in other soyles where the graine is sowne aboue furrow and so harrowed in and laide much more closse and safe they cannot doe so much hurt as in the former yet euen in these they will with their feet digge out the corne in great abundance and though in lesse measure yet doe hurt that is vnsufferable so that to conclude neither Rye Barley Oates nor any other smaller and more tender seeds are free from their annoyance and destruction Now the cure and preuention for these fielde Rats and Mice are diuers according to the opinions of diuers authors and diuers of our best experienst Husbandmen for some vse in the Dogge dayes or Canicular dayes when the fieldes are commonly bare to search out the holes and nests of these Rats and Mice which are easily knowne being little round holes in the earth made so round and artificially as if they were made with an Auger no bigger then the body of the Creature that was to lye in it and into these holes they vse to put a few Hemblock seeds of which when the beast tasts it is present death vnto them Others vse to sprinkle vpon the land Hellebere or neesing pouder mixt with Barley meale of which the myce and Rats will greedily feed and it is deadly bane and present death vnto them Lastly and which is the best medicine if you take a good quantity of ordinary greene glasse beaten to pouder and as much copporas or vitriall beaten also to pound and mixe them with course honey till it come to a paste and then lay it in the holes and most fuspicious places and it will neither leaue Rat nor Mouse about all your fields but fodainely destroy them The next great destroyers of Corne and Graine are wormes and they destroy it in the sprouting then when the ground hath rotted it and the white or milky substance breaking open the vpper huske shooteth forth in little white threds at both ends vpon which whilest it is so moyst and tender the worme feedeth extreamly so deuouring vp the substance or sperm is the cause that the Corne cannot grow or get out of the ground and these wormes being as it were the maine citiz●…ns within the earth are so innumerable that the losse which is bred by them is infinite Now the cure or preuention for these wormes is diuersly taken for some husbandmen vse but onely to strike into the plow rest and vnder the lowest edge of the shelbord certaine crooked spikes of yron or great nailes halfe driuen in and turned backe againe with which as the plow runs tearing in the ground turnes vp the furrow those pices of yron kil and teare in pieces all such wormes as are either within or vnder the furrowes that the plow castsvp and this is sure a very good husbandly practise but not sufficient for the destroying of such a secret hurtfull vermine which is so innumerable and lies so much concealed therefore more curious husbands vse besides this helpe of the plow to take oxe dung and mixe it with straw then to burne it vpon the land making a great smoke ouer all the land immediately before you plow it for seed and it is thought that this will kil all the worms which lie so hie in the earth as to hurt the Corne Others vse before they make either the mixture or the smoak to wet the straw in strong lie and then adding it to the dung the smoake will be so much the stronger and the worms killed the sooner or if you Sprinkle strong lie vp on your seed before you sow it there is not any worm that will touch the graine after Also if you take hemp and boyle it in water with that water sprinkle your seed before you sow it not any worme will come near to touch it Yet it is to be obserued in this rule of wetting your seed Corne that by no means you must wet your seed Rye for it is a graine so warme and tender that it will neither endure cold wet nor stiffe ground insomuch that the plowman hath a prouerbe that Rie wil drownd in the hopper that is to say it must neither be sown on wet ground nor in a wet day since present shewers are apt to destroy it lastly it is thoght that oft plowing of your ground in the wane of the mooneis a very good meanes to destroy wormes touching that practise which many vse to gather the wormes from their lands at Sun-rise sun-set in bright dewy mornings when the worms coople aboue the earth I hold it more fit for small gardens then large Corne-fields The next great destroyers of Corne are Snailes and they destroy it after it is sprouted seeding vpon therender white threds and rions which start from the seed woldrise aboue the earth being the stem or stalk on which the eares should

grow were it not deuoured and eaten vp by these Snailes and such like vermine as so one as it begins to peepe vp or as it were but to open the earth whereby it is driuen backe and forced to dye in the earth for these creatures sucking vpon the tender sweetnesse deprine it both of life and nourishment The cure and preuention for this euillis to take the soot of a Chimney and after your Corne hath been sowne a weeke or ten dayes or within two or three dayes after the first shower of raine which shall fall after the Corne is sowne you shall sow this soot of the Chimney thinIy ouer the land and not a Snayle will indure to come thereon Others vse especially in France and those more fertill Countres to take common Oyle lees and after the Corne hath beene sowne and is ready to appeare aboue ground to sprinkle it all ouer the Lands by which meanes no Snaile or such like creature will indure to come neere the same The next great destroyer of Corne is accounted the Grashopper and he also destroyeth it after it is sprouted appeareth aboue the ground as the Snaile doth but somewhat more greedily for he not onely feedeth on the tender white strings b●…t vpon the first greene leaues that appeare also by which meanes the Corne is not able to spring or bring foorth a steme or stalke to beare the eare vpon or ifit doe put forth any yet it it is so small weake and wretched that the eare growing on the same is withered and leane and the graine dry and blasted and no better then chaffe nor is there any Corne that scapeth the destruction of the Grashoper for he generally seedeth on all first on Wheate and Rye because they are the earliest then on Barley and Oates and lastly on Pulse vppon whose leafe and blossom he feedeth whilst the first is sweet and pleasant or the other greene Now the cure or preuention for these Creatures is according to the opinion of some Husband-men to take Wormewood and boyle it well in water 'till the strength of the Wormwood be gone thereinto and then with that water in the month of May to sprinckell all your Corne ouer when the Sunne is rising or setting and not any Grashopper will come neare or anoy the same Others vse in steed of wormwood to boyle Century and to vse the water thereof in the same manner as afore said and findean equall and like proffit in the same but it is most certaine that any bitter decoction whatsoeuer vsed and applyed as aforesaid will not leaue one Grashopper about your fieldes for any bitternesse is such an enemie vnto them that they cannot liue where they feele any taste thereof The last offence of liuing Creatures belonging to Corne or Graine are Moales which not onely feed vpon it after it is sprouted and spindled by eating vp the roots thereof and so consequently by killing the whole Corne but also by their digging and vndermining of the earth doe not root vp the Corne and destroy it in most wonderfull manner for where they make their haunts or are suffered to digge there they will destroy almost halfe an acre in a day neither make they choice either of ground or Grain for all grounds and all Graines are alike if the ground be not too wet or subiect to inundation or ouerflowes as for the most part Corne grounds are not for aboue all things moales cannot indure wet ground or earth of too moyst quality Now the best cure or preuention against these creatures is to find out their trenches and passages which are most plaine and casie to be knowne by the turning vp of the new earth and digging crosse holes in the same to watch either the going forth or the comming backe of the Moale and when you see her cast to strike her with an yron forke made of many graines as eight or fixe at the least and so to kill and destroy them which still is so generally knowne amongst Husbandmen that it is become a trade and occupation amongst them so that it needs no further description the rather in as much as for iii. d. or iiii d. a score you may haue any ground cleansed of Moales whatsoeuer Now there be some others which haue not this art of killing or catching of Moales which onely doe take brimstone and wet stinking straw or any thing els that will make a stinking smoake and putting fire thereto smoake all the places of their haunts and by that meanes driue them all cleane away from the Corne lands many otherpractices they haue but none so good certaine and probable as these already declared Thus far I haue spoken of those offences which proceed from liuing creatures I will now intreat of these which come and grow from the influence of the heauens being malignant vapours which striking into the erathdo alter the sweet pleasant nourishment therof and change in into bitternesse and rottennesse whereby the Corne is either ssaine outright withered and made leane and vnkindly or else the kernell turned to a filthy blacknesse being bitter dry and dusty like vnto smoake which the Husbandman calleth smuttines or mildewing and yet this smuttinesse or mildewing commeth another way as namely by ouerrankenesse or to much fatnesse of the earth and this hapneth most commonly only to wheat for if blacknes happen to any other graine it commeth of blastings or other malice of the starres for ranknesse of the ground in Barley Rye or Oates onely makes them lye flat to the ground the stalke not being able to support the multiplicity of the eares and so by that means the grain wanting his true nourishment growes light withered and of no validity now that this is most easie to be found out the ranknes of the growing corne rising as it were in close bundles together and the deepe blacknesse of the greene blades will with small trauell shew you This to cure and preuent it shall be good before you sow your Graine to sow your land lightly ouer with fine chalke for that will abate his ouer-ranknesse To proceed then to the other imperfections which doe happen from the skies I hold haile in the formost ranke which with his violence beateth downe the Corne flat to the ground and bruiseth the reede so in pieces that the Corne not able to rise vp againe there lyes and rotteth or else withereth to nothing The cure and preuention of this euill according to the opinion of the French Husbandmen is to take the white Vine and to plant it in diuers parts of your Corne-fields and it will deffend the Graine from this annoyance of haile or if your soyle be such as the white vine will not grow therein if then you take but branches therof and strike them in diuers parts of your lands it is thought that no haile will at any time do offence to your corne Others vse to take