doe him more harme than your medicine hath done hym good in sixe wéekes before And it shall be good once in fiue or sixe daies to ride him into the water and walke him â—n houre at the least And as soone as hée comes in and that his legge is well rubbed with strawe and hauing first warmed your seare cloth ouer a fewe coales which you must haue on a fire shoouell for that purpose before you doe laie it vnto the sore but if it chaunce the griefe be in such parte of the legge as your roll and plaister will alwaies settle downewardes then must you make a long rounde roll of woollen cloth as bigge as a thumb rope and you must sowe at eache ende thereof a péece of strong canuas a hand broade and two foote long and made sharpe at the two endes and when you will roll his legge set one ende of the canuas vnder your foote and then hauing rolled his legge somewhat aboue the vpper edge of his plaister then shall you bring the two endes togither vppon the middle of the roll so as you may tie them bothe togither in sâ—â—he sorte as the knotte may not touch the horses legge for if you shoulde not tie the two endes togither the roll woulde winde loose about his legge This will holde your plaister in the due place without being able to sincke or settle downe and you may roll his legge a great deale more easier therewith than with anie other Of the scabbe or manginesse in a horse THis cruell kinde of scabbe scurffe or itch bréeding ouer all the horses bodie and most commonlye beginnes in his mane and taile it commeth of a corrupt bloud and nâ—â—deth no other signes The cure Let him bloud the first daie on one side of his neâ—ke and wash all his bodie with hote brine or else with béefe broâ—h pisse and salt mingled together rubbing him with rough waddes of strawe till he be readie â—o bléede then shall you let him alone till the second â—nie and then shall you let him bloud on the other side of his necke which being done and all his bodie rubbed with rough waddes and made cleane you shall take of Swines greacâ— a pound of blacke Sope as much of Rape oile a pinte of brimstone sixe ounces finely beaten into powder and hauing first killed your Nuicke siluer mingle all these thinges togither vppon a soft fire without letting it boile being so warme as you can suffer your hand in it annoint all the sore places therewith and rubbe and chasâ— it well with your handes to make it sincke into the skiâ—me And if you sée the horse rubbe or bite him selfe in anie place of his bodie you may wash it as before and annoint it with some of the foresaid medicine I haue cured diuers horses herewith without ointing them thâ—ice but you must duâ—ing this cure diet your horse veri◠〈…〉 rly and let him haue so little rest as may be Of the griefe in the eies and first of him that hath receiued a blowe IF your horse haue receiued a blowe in or vppon his eie so that he can not holde open the same and that there is no blemish nor white â—â—lme doth appeare vpon his eie then shall you remedie him in this sorte Take faire water and salt and with your mouth spâ—â—t his eie full thereof and if his eie be not verie sore this shall remedie him it is good also to wette a cloth therein so bigge as will fill the horses eare on the gréeued side Then chasing it thrust it in so fast as is possible you must tie his eare fast so as the cloth may not fall out and let it remainâ— therein the space of a whole daie at the least honie also warmed a little and put in his eie is not onelie good to make him open hiâ— eie but wil also preuent anie other gréefe that might bréede vpon the horses eie by meanes if the foresaide stripe Of the white filme pearle or web that may breed on the sight of a horses eie TAke honie as before and put it in his eie with a feather if the filme be but thinne that wil remedie him or else take the iuice of Salandine and put to a spoonefull thereof halfe a spoonefull of womans milke but if the filme be olde so that it will not breake then take the powder of burned Allume being well burned and surely beaten blowe a little thereof with a â—â—ill into his eie and take héede when you will dresse him in this sort that you tie his head fast to some post in such sorte that hée can not stirre for by dressing your horse when he is loose hée may strike his eye vppon the ende of your quill in such sorte that you shall doe him more harme in one moment than your medicine shall doe him good in a moneth this is an approoued medicine not onelie for the foresaide gréefe but also for anie other that shall bréede in the horses eie but if so be that your horse haue a filme ouer his eie so thicke that it will not breake with blowing this powder in his eie then must you cast your powder in and fill his eie full thereof once a daie and hauing filled it let him â—e still holding his eie open with your two thumbs by the space of one halfe houre till the allume be melted then let him rise and dresse him in this sort but once a daie for the space of two or thrée daies and then blowe it in his eie as before And if at anie time you sée the inside of his eie liddes to be red then shall you dresse him with honie for the space of two or thrée daies and then dresse him again with your allum til he be whole Of the canker in the eie TAke of Woodbine leaues of Primrose leaues of Sage leaues of Violet leaues and of Rosemarie each one a handfull and of Allume halfe a pound boile all those things togither in thrée gallons of faire water till two partes thereof be consumed and when it is boiled inough straine it through a cloth into a faire vessel and adde thereunto half a pinte of honie and then shall you boile it againe the space of one quarter of an houre vpon a softe fire Then adde thereunto halfe a pinte of strong Vineger The signes to knowe it be these his eie will be redde and round about the same it will be full of little knots or buttons as bigge as the heads of pins and also it wil runne of filthie stinking matter The cure Let him bloud in the vaine beneath his eie and also in his necke vaine on the gréeued side and then wash him twice a daie with this water héere following and with a fine linnen cloth dip it therin it being first made bloud or milke warme Another for the same TAke Sage Fennell Rosemarie of each a handfull of Allome two ounces boile all these things together in two gallons of faire water till
one halfe thereof be consumed then straine it through a faire cloth being strained adde therevnto sixe spoonefulls of hunnie and boile it a little vppon a soft fire as hath béene before taught in the last Chapter and wash his eie therewith twice a daie with a faire lynnen cloth The Canker in the nose THe signes to know it be these his nose will stinke and runne with matter The cure Let him bloud in the necke vaine the temple vaine and in the vaine vnder his eie then take the water as it is in the last Chapter sauing one and squirt it into his nose twice a daie and take héede that your squirt bée long for if it be but short you shall not be able to reach the vppermost part of the sore therewith and then shal it be vnpossible to cure him and as touching the length make it not aboue sixe or eight inches at the most Of the Canker in the mouth THe signes to know it be those his tongue will bée all full of blisters within two or thrée daies when the blisters are broken it will be full of hollowâ— déepe rawe pits and also the inside of his lips for companie will be rawe in like sort the outside of his mouth and lips will be full of little pimples The cure Take of Sage and Rosemarie each one a handfull of Allomâ— a quarter of a pound boile all these together in a sufficient quaÌ„tity of faire water being almost boiled inough adde therevnto halfe a pinte of honny wash him therewith twice a daie and giue him not anie thing to eate but cleane strawe till he be whole for there is not anie kinde of Canker Fistula great impostumation farcion scab or mangâ—nesse easilie cured vnlesse that you first let bloud well purge stronglie and kéepe sharp diet and that the same be verie cleane swéete and wolesome Of hurt in the tongue that may come with the bit CLeanse the wound with a faire cloth and anoint it with honnie twice a daie this will heale him note that for anie griefe that may be in a horses mouth after you haue dressed him that you let him stand thrée or foure houres vppon the bit and not eating Of the Staggards THis is a paine in the head and braines of the horse the signes to 〈…〉 we it be these the horse will refuse his meate and hang downe his head and he will winkâ— with his eies almost close together and many times you shall sée him hold his head close to the wall or manger The cure Let him bloud in the necke vaine that being 〈◊〉 cut a slit in his forehead raise vp the skinne and put a docke roote therein as before taught in the Chapter of the Farâ—ion and let it remaine therein the space of twentie daies at the least This medicine will also heale the Yallowes if it be taken at the first beginning of his sicknes but if he be far gone therewith it shall be néedfull to giue him the drench héereafter following in the Chapter of the Yeallowes Of the Yeallowes THis procéeds of abundance of cholar ouer-flowing the bladder of the gall so is turned into the vaines of the horse and will in short space cause all his skinne to looke yeallow The signes to knowe it be these the horse will be faint and in his trauailing he will sweat much more than he was accustomed the whites of his eyes will be yeallow and also the inside of his lips and tongue and vnder his tongue will be died yeallowe also and his taile will be yeallowe The cure Let him bloud in the neck vaine two or thrée quartes or as much as you thinke he may well beare which you shall best knowe by the strength of your horse which thing must be your rule therein Then you shall take a quart of ale or béere and adde therevnto fiue or sixe spoonefulls of honnie thrée or foure ounces of Cummin séede finelie beaten into pouder then take a good handfull of time chop it smal with a knife and beate it well in a morter then put it vnto the foresayd things and with a softe fire make it so hot as your honnie may be throughlie moulten but I woulde wish you to kéepe it hot in this 〈◊〉 vpon a soft fire the space of two houres at the least without letting it â—oile TheÌ„ shal you straine it through a faire cloth into some vessell fit for that purpose and hauing throwen awaie that shall remaine of your Cummin Time then shall you giue your horse this drench being no more but luke warme and let him drinke but a little thereof at once for by giuing your horse greate hornes full or sodaine gulfing of it into him too hot you may kill anie sicke horse with this drench I haue healed aboue an hundred horses that many of them haue bene thought vncurable but one of the most notablest that euer I did cure was at Lamspha at the Earle of Essex his house that standeth next to Milford hauen in Wales this horse was one Cuttles seruaunt to the Lord Admirall and then maister of the George a ship of the Earle of Essex then in the hauen of Milford this Cuttle came to me one morning where I was then riding and made his moane that he had a great iourney to goe and that his horse was like to die for quoth he he hath eaten no meate this daie neither can I find anie man that knowes his disease for he will not sturre quoth he out of his place nor being laide downe is able to rise and wheÌ„ you force him to go he cannot go right forward but sidewaie by reason he is not able to holde his necke right but hanging it downe crooketh it towards his left side and when I sawe him I perceiued by the yeallows of his eyes and the inside of his lips and tongue and by the féeble drawing of his legs after him that he had the yeallowes but I doubting what might make him holde his head on the one side I first caused him to be raked afterward I gaue him a glister made with whay and sallet Oile and put a docke roote in his forehead for that I thought he had the staggards I did also let him bloud in both the necke vaines foure quartes which was very much for anie horse but in great extremitie extreame meanes are to be vsed and afterward hauing giuen him this drench I brideled him and let him stand at the râ—ck sixe houres then offering him a little wet hay he dyd eat as wel as euer he did in all his life although he was so weak when he tooke his drench that I was forced to make foure men holde him vp with two leauers vnder his bellie Of the foundred horse THis commeth by meanes of extreame colde vppon some great heate either when you let your horse drinke in some shalow water it may come also by letting him stand in the colde winde or in wet ground
of my bit in my hande when I ride without a cauison and also howe I shall vnderstand what you meane by drawing my hande softlie and letting it goe againe Clifford As touching thy first demaund thou shalt holde thy raines in all pointes as thou doest when thou ridest with thy cauison sauing that thou must put thy little finger and ring finger betwixt the raines and then holde the ende thereof in thy right hande with thy rodde so as thou mayest draw them shorter or let them longer as hath béen before taught And as touching thy second demaund when thou wouldest stoppe thy horse whether vppon pass trot galloppe or câ—riere I would haue thée drawe thy hand softlie till thou hast brought it so hard or straight as thou maiest stoppe thy Horse and euen in the same instant that he is so stopped as thou wouldest haue him and beginnes to aduance or yéeldes to the bit by going back or other wise thou shalt presentlie let thy hand flacke a little and take so much againe as shall be requisite yea I would aduise thée to haue so great a care not to plucke thy hand sodainely nor to drawe it too straight nor carrie it too hard in trauailing or otherwise exercising thy horse as thou wouldest haue to thine owne féete when thou passest on a narrow foote bridge which lieth ouer a déepe ditch or hollowe gulfe in rainie and foule weather Kingdon Séeing that you now giue me occasion to demaunde you a question of the rod I desire you to shew me whether it is better to carrie the point thereof forward right ouer my horses creast and eares or to turne the point thereof backward towards my right shoulder Clifford It is much better to carrie thy rod with the point forward ouer thy horses creast than with the point vpward toward thy right shoulder for when thou carriest the point forward thou holdest thy rod in thy ful fist readie to strike thy horse withall and when thou carriest it with the point vpward towards thy right shoulder thou hast no more but thy forefinger ouer it by meanes whereof thou canst not so readily helpe thy horse vppon his left shoulder to the end that he shoulde do well nor correct him when he doth offend Kingdon I can verie well both help and correct my horse vpon the right and left shoulder when I haue no cauison or false raines but when I haue a cauison or false raines then can I correct my horse vppon his left shoulder as before but on his right shoulder I can doe no more but helpe him vnlesse I will let the right raine of my cauison fall out of my right hand Clifford But thou maiest correct him aswell not onelie vpon his right shoulder but also vpon his right side or buttock without letting the right raine of thy cauison goe if thou wilt but 〈◊〉 the point of thy rod downeward Of Vices Kingdon SIthence you haue heretofore taught mée howe to make a horse of good disposition readie I woulde also haue you to teach me howe to reforme those horses that are euill giuen to anie vice and first of the horse that ducketh downe his head Clifford I neuer found anie horse hauing that vice but that I could reforme him by striking him vpoÌ„ the left shoulder with the rod not failing to answere him at euerie time at the same instant that hée doth offend till hée leaue his fault thou maiest also correct him with the bit by chocking him therewith in the mouth and by giuing him the spurre but these two last corrections are not halfe so good as the first for that if he be tender of mouth by chocking him with the bit thou shalt make him learn that vile vice of checking or casting vp his head if he be hard of mouth and light of spurre thou shalt vtterly marre his mouth and force him to runne awaie Note that in reforming all vicious horses thou must haue a speciall care to search and to finde out the nature and disposition of euerie of them which when thou hast found thou must vse that temperaunce that a wise captaine should in gouerning his souldiors which consisteth not in forcing them to doe his wil but with skill and order in making theÌ„ do as much therof as is possible for them to be brought vnto without disorder or discontentment Kingdon It séemeth me your comparison is verie grosse to compare the gouernement or 〈…〉 rance that shoulde be vsed vnto men to horses Clifford In respect of the beast I graunt but if thou well consider what the reason of man is and howe farre the vnderstanding of the brute beast is inferiour vnto him thou shalt easily perceiue that it is more requisite for him that shall take vpon him to teach a horse to be far more patient and temperate for him than that gouerneth men for that man doth far surpasse the beast in vnderstanding what is taught him But in the rider it is requisite he haue patience and can well dissemble which if he haue and can vse in his due time and place he shall hardly euer find anie horse of good disposition but hée shall make him continue the same or anie so euil but that he shall easily reforme them in short space Hovv to remedie that horse that checketh and casteth vp his head Kingdon YOu haue giuen me good instructions alreadie but yet by the waie I pray you shew me howe to reforme that fault in a horse that checketh or casteth vp his head with the bit when you offer to do any thing with him vpon the same Clifford First giue him a plaine canon without plaiers or water chaine in the mouth then buckle it fast with two porchmouthes to the two rings of your cauison that done take a strappe of leather with a buckle vppon the same put it through the foresaide two rings then buckle it and therewith straine the cauison something close to the horse his head then take away the curbe from the canon for the strap and porchmouths is sufficient to serue your turne as well as the curbe and be farre more better in respect of the fault I haue manie times ridden with the same a runawaie or hard mouthed horse and more easily haue gouerned him therewith than with the curbe and also haue diuers times trotted young horses that haue béene tender or delicate of mouth in the same order which if I had first giuen them the curbe they woulde haue taken the vice of checking or casting vp the head but by obseruing this order and after by giuing them a curbe of double leather haue preuented the aforesaid vice Kingdon But if my cauison be long it will holde the head of the bit so farre backeward that the chéekes thereof cannot be brought to their due place which will be verie troublesome and vnséemely and the raines of the bit being strained the cauison wil be readie to fall down ouer the horses nose Clifford If thou be so ignorant
then shall come out at the bottome of your sore then dippe an other teint in the foresaide salue or ointment and then with a néedle and a thréede make fast your teint to your first clot at the vpper ende thereof then drawe out your first teint downeward so shal you draw your teint with the medicine eastly into the wound and your first teint wil haue cleansed the sore very cleane and if the matter do abound much then it shall be good to dresse him twice a daie but you must not dresse him with this medicine no more but one daie and afterward you shal dresse him with this medicine folowing Take of Turpentine and Swines grease Honie and shéeps Suet of eche like quantitie melt them togither and make a salue thereof wherewith you shal dresse your horse foure daies for one daie that you dresse him with your former medicine made of Honie and Verdegréese and take héed that you make your teint of verie soft linnen cloth â—or fine flaxe and let not your teint be too bigge after the first two times dressing but presently after the firste dressing ye must couer all the sore place and rounde about the same with this pultis here following First take two gallons of faire water and hauing boiled and scuÌ„med it so long til you haue perfectly cleansed it of al corruption then take two or thrée handfulles of Mallowes and as much of Violet leaues and two or thrée handfulles of Date meale and hauing boiled all these thrée things well in your former prepared water you shall adde thereto of Hogs mort and fresh Butter of each a pound then shall you let it boile so long till it become thicke like Paste or Pappe and then applie it hote to the sore so as hath béene before taught and take great héede that in opening this sore you let not anie one strike into it and on the other side that you kéepe it not too hote and if it be in the horses withers you must take héede that you tie his heed to the racke so as he may neither lie downe nor put his head lower than his manger for if you suffer him to féed on the ground when he hath anie gréeuous sore in his wythers if shal hardly be possible euer to cure him But if you perceiue the wound to heale a pace and that it matter but a little then shall it be inough to dresse him once a daie and also it shall be good to take great héede that you make not your teint too bigge and sée that you vse your poultis till he be perfectly cured The sixt booke of the Smith Of paring and shooing OF the sound and good foote I cal that a sound and good foot that is holow round and vpright so as the horse may treade almost as high at his héele as at the to and also this hoofe is something large at the héels but yet vpright without turning togither or without spreading abroad How to pare the good foote YOu shall pare it verie little at the héele that is to saie no more but to plaine the seate of your shooe but forward towards the toe you may pare it something more also open his héeles well and pare the sole of his foot something thinne if it be in faire weather but if in frostie weather and stonie waies you must trauell it shall not be good to pare your horse thinne vpon the sole of his foote for feare of laming him and if he should chance to cast a shoo he shall not be able to set his foote to the ground How to make the shooe for the sound hoofe FIrst make it of such yron as will not breake and so light as is possible so as it be strong ynough to beare your horse and make it of a verie narrow webbe and let it be something broâ—der in the toe than at the spunges or calcons let it also be strong in the toe and round about and round about the in edge let it also be something strong in the two spunges or calcons which calcons are the best kinde of shooing for a sound and good hoofe let the calcons also be but short and blunt at the points for feare least hee sette one foote vpon an other and sée that you make it ful as straight as the horne so farre as the nailes goeth and pierce the holes so far from the edge that when you would driue your nailes you may set them right in the middle of the holes and take good holde for by piercing them too néere the edge of your shooe you shall be forced to make it fit within the horne for if you would make it large inough then shal you be forced to set your nailes so néere vpon the in edge of the hole that thereby you shal cleaue off the outside of your horses horne which a number of ignorant Smiths do little consider that they do vtterly spoile the horses hoofe thereby But to the matter you shall let your shooe from the two héele nailes backward lie the thicknes of your naile shanke without the horne giue this shoo 9. nailes that is to say foure on ech side one right in the middle of the toe let the spunges thereof sit a straw breadth behinde the corner of the offine let the heades of your nailes be so fit for the holes that they may enter into the shoo so as they may not stand aboue halfe a strawe breadth higher for if the heades be high and the holes strait on the outside then shal they sâ—â—ne breake off or else turne aside and thereby breake the clause the head of the naile and the hole would be made in such sorte that when you driue your naile in the shooe you shall not be able to get it out againe yea I would not wish you to let any such oxe shooers shoo your horse as to loose their nailes and worke the holes of their shooes so wide on the inside as on the outside for in the true knowledge of shooing I am sure it is required to make the holes so wide on the outside as the head may iustly enter into the same and on the in side so strait as the shanke of the naile or necke may haue no libertie to moue to or fro Also take heeds that you hollow your shooe verie little Of paring and shooing the hinder foote IN paring the hinder foote cut but a verie little of the toe also make your shooe a little stronger at the toe than behinde and take héede that you driue not any naile in the toe of the hinder foote nor take so much and so déep hold with your nailes as that the héele for the chiefe strength of the hinder foote is at the héeles and of the forefoote in the toe Of the splay or crooked foote THe hoofe is saide to be splaid or crooked when the one side is higher than the other so as the hoofe séemeth to be a great deale