lesser_a at_o this_o time_n the_o meat_n be_v nevertheless_o much_o more_o burn_v than_o the_o other_o because_o i_o believe_v i_o have_v blow_v the_o fire_n more_o brisk_o experim._n iii_o june_n 6._o i_o repeat_v the_o same_o experiment_n and_o take_v but_o five_o ounce_n of_o coal_n and_o give_v just_a heat_n enough_o to_o dry_v up_o the_o drop_n of_o water_n in_o 4_o second_o the_o inward_a pressure_n as_o before_o than_o the_o mutton_n be_v very_o well_o do_v the_o bone_n soft_a and_o the_o juice_n a_o strong_a jelly_n so_o that_o have_v have_v occasion_n to_o boil_v mutton_n several_a time_n since_o i_o have_v always_o observe_v the_o same_o rule_n and_o never_o miss_v to_o have_v it_o in_o the_o same_o condition_n which_o i_o take_v to_o be_v the_o best_a of_o all_o because_o if_o the_o coction_n be_v lesser_a the_o bone_n can_v not_o be_v soft_a and_o if_o it_o be_v strong_a the_o jelly_n be_v soft_a can_v not_o be_v so_o nourish_v yet_o i_o do_v not_o think_v that_o the_o perfection_n in_o this_o case_n be_v limit_v to_o a_o little_a more_o or_o less_o but_o i_o believe_v rather_o that_o mutton_n may_v be_v considerable_o more_o boil_v and_o be_v very_o good_a still_o yet_o i_o have_v always_o rather_o to_o under-do_a it_o a_o little_a than_o overdo_v it_o because_o when_o it_o be_v overdo_v there_o be_v no_o remedy_n and_o if_o some_o piece_n of_o bone_n be_v not_o soft_a enough_o it_o be_v very_o easy_a to_o put_v they_o again_o with_o new_a meat_n experim._n iu._n june_n 9_o i_o make_v the_o experiment_n with_o a_o breast_n of_o beef_n and_o take_v seven_o ounce_n of_o coal_n i_o urge_v the_o fire_n till_o one_o drop_n of_o water_n will_v dry_v up_o in_o 3_o second_o and_o the_o inward_a pressure_n about_o nine_o time_n as_o strong_a as_o the_o ordinary_a pressure_n of_o the_o air_n the_o coal_n that_o be_v not_o consume_v do_v weigh_v about_o three_o quarter_n of_o a_o ounce_n and_o the_o beef_n be_v very_o well_o boil_v although_o there_o be_v some_o part_n of_o the_o bone_n not_o quite_o soften_v yet_o i_o will_v not_o advise_v people_n to_o bestow_v any_o more_o fire_n to_o boil_v beef_n because_o it_o be_v always_o very_o easy_a to_o boil_v the_o bone_n again_o and_o i_o have_v rather_o several_a time_n boil_v the_o meat_n but_o as_o much_o as_o may_v be_v necessary_a to_o take_v it_o off_o from_o the_o bone_n because_o afterward_o the_o bone_n may_v without_o any_o danger_n be_v boil_v asunder_o as_o you_o may_v see_v by_o the_o follow_a experiment_n experim._n v._n june_n 12._o i_o do_v put_v mutton_n and_o beef_n together_o into_o my_o pot_n and_o make_v the_o fire_n but_o with_o three_o ounce_n of_o coal_n and_o though_o i_o press_v the_o fire_n pretty_a brisk_o i_o can_v not_o make_v the_o inward_a pressure_n above_o three_o time_n strong_a than_o the_o ordinary_a pressure_n of_o the_o air_n and_o the_o heat_n but_o such_o as_o to_o make_v a_o drop_n of_o water_n to_o evaporate_v in_o 90_o second_n the_o vessel_n be_v cool_v i_o find_v the_o mutton_n ready_a enough_o to_o please_v most_o people_n but_o the_o beef_n be_v undoubted_o too_o raw_a for_o any_o body_n the_o juice_n do_v not_o turn_v to_o a_o jelly_n though_o i_o have_v put_v no_o water_n to_o it_o i_o believe_v that_o the_o pressure_n and_o the_o heat_n in_o this_o case_n be_v so_o little_a rather_o for_o want_v of_o have_v well_o fit_v the_o engine_n than_o for_o want_n of_o coal_n for_o i_o have_v observe_v since_o that_o time_n that_o the_o better_a the_o engine_n be_v close_v the_o more_o heat_n it_o acquire_v with_o the_o same_o quantity_n of_o coal_n june_n 13._o i_o repeat_v the_o same_o experiment_n and_o fill_v the_o pot_n partly_o with_o raw_a flesh_n and_o partly_o with_o some_o of_o the_o flesh_n boil_v the_o day_n before_o i_o take_v but_o four_o ounce_n of_o coal_n and_o have_v increase_v the_o fire_n as_o brisk_o as_o i_o can_v i_o make_v the_o inward_a pressure_n but_o five_o time_n strong_a than_o the_o ordinary_a pressure_n of_o the_o air_n and_o the_o heat_n but_o such_o as_o to_o make_v a_o drop_n of_o water_n to_o evaporate_v in_o 40_o second_n the_o coal_n that_o remain_v not_o consume_v do_v not_o weigh_v above_o two_o dram_n the_o meat_n be_v very_o well_o do_v and_o tender_a but_o the_o bone_n do_v not_o at_o all_o seem_v soft_a than_o before_o although_o those_o of_o the_o day_n before_o have_v already_o endure_v the_o fire_n of_o seven_o ounce_n of_o coal_n three_o the_o first_o day_n and_o four_o the_o second_o june_n 15._o i_o repeat_v the_o same_o experiment_n and_o do_v put_v into_o the_o pot_n the_o meat_n that_o have_v already_o be_v boil_v twice_o and_o also_o raw_a flesh_n at_o which_o time_n i_o employ_v five_o ounce_n of_o coal_n but_o i_o press_v the_o fire_n so_o gentle_o that_o the_o heat_n can_v never_o make_v a_o drop_n of_o water_n to_o evaporate_v in_o less_o than_o two_o minute_n or_o 120_o second_n the_o fire_n be_v go_v out_o of_o itself_o i_o find_v the_o meat_n do_v enough_o and_o that_o which_o have_v endure_v the_o fire_n of_o twelve_o ounce_n of_o coal_n be_v very_o good_a still_o without_o empyreume_n and_o the_o bone_n not_o at_o all_o soften_a so_o i_o find_v that_o it_o be_v very_o easy_a to_o dress_v flesh_n without_o bone_n since_o it_o may_v be_v leave_v upon_o the_o fire_n three_o time_n as_o long_o as_o be_v necessary_a and_o yet_o it_o will_v not_o at_o all_o be_v spoil_v experim._n vi._n june_n 16._o i_o make_v the_o same_o trial_n with_o bone_n and_o take_v those_o very_a bone_n that_o have_v be_v thrice_o boil_v with_o the_o meat_n of_o the_o last_o experiment_n these_o be_v put_v into_o a_o glass-pot_n with_o fat_a of_o mutton_n alone_o that_o have_v be_v already_o boil_v i_o shut_v they_o into_o the_o engine_n then_o have_v make_v such_o a_o heat_n as_o to_o dry_v a_o drop_n of_o water_n in_o 4_o second_o and_o the_o inward_a pressure_n nine_o time_n strong_a than_o the_o ordinary_a pressure_n of_o the_o air_n i_o do_v quick_o put_v out_o all_o the_o fire_n and_o the_o bone_n be_v find_v very_o well_o soften_v i_o do_v again_o enclose_v the_o same_o bone_n in_o the_o same_o pot_n with_o the_o same_o fat_a of_o mutton_n and_o add_v to_o they_o a_o new_a piece_n of_o bone_n that_o have_v never_o be_v boil_v and_o have_v give_v the_o fire_n as_o before_z i_o find_v the_o new_a piece_n of_o bone_n well_o soften_v and_o all_o the_o rest_n still_o very_o good_a june_n 17._o i_o do_v for_o the_o three_o time_n enclose_v the_o same_o bone_n in_o the_o same_o pot_n and_o again_o a_o new_a piece_n of_o bone_n quite_o raw_a and_o have_v give_v again_o the_o same_o heat_n i_o find_v the_o new_a piece_n of_o bone_n well_o soften_v and_o all_o the_o rest_n not_o at_o all_o impair_v i_o repeat_v again_o the_o same_o experiment_n with_o the_o same_o bone_n and_o the_o same_o fat_a of_o mutton_n but_o at_o this_o time_n i_o make_v a_o strong_a and_o long_a fire_n and_o it_o fall_v out_o that_o the_o first_o bone_n be_v almost_o bring_v quite_o to_o a_o powder_n and_o smell_v of_o burn_a yet_o the_o taste_n do_v not_o seem_v so_o unpleasing_a as_o when_o flesh_n be_v so_o burn_v as_o for_o the_o fat_a it_o have_v no_o ill_a taste_n at_o all_o only_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o little_o soft_a than_o some_o of_o the_o same_o fat_a that_o have_v be_v boil_v but_o once_o so_o i_o can_v tell_v whether_o by_o much_o boil_a one_o may_v not_o make_v it_o change_v its_o nature_n but_o i_o be_o sure_a it_o will_v require_v more_o time_n than_o i_o can_v bestow_v the_o three_o first_o coction_n mention_v in_o this_o experiment_n be_v sufficient_a to_o show_v that_o bone_n as_o well_o as_o flesh_n may_v be_v boil_v at_o least_o three_o time_n as_o long_o as_o there_o be_v need_n and_o yet_o they_o will_v be_v in_o no_o danger_n of_o burn_a so_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o the_o most_o careless_a and_o unexact_a person_n will_v be_v able_a enough_o to_o boil_v they_o asunder_o propriety_n before_o i_o proceed_v i_o must_v take_v notice_n that_o in_o the_o five_o experiment_n some_o bone_n that_o have_v endure_v the_o fire_n of_o twelve_o ounce_n of_o coal_n be_v not_o at_o all_o soften_v to_o sense_n although_o five_o ounce_n of_o coal_n may_v be_v enough_o to_o produce_v that_o effect_n from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o weigh_v of_o coal_n will_v signify_v but_o little_a unless_o we_o do_v at_o the_o same_o time_n observe_v how_o brisk_o we_o augment_v the_o fire_n for_o there_o will_v be_v always_o danger_n of_o do_v the_o meat_n more_o or_o less_o than_o we_o intend_v and_o we_o may_v
reckon_v this_o as_o a_o propriety_n of_o this_o engine_n that_o the_o more_o brisk_o we_o press_v the_o fire_n the_o more_o effect_n it_o produce_v with_o the_o same_o quantity_n of_o coal_n this_o experiment_n put_v i_o in_o mind_n to_o make_v another_o that_o may_v manifest_o show_v that_o the_o inward_a pressure_n be_v a_o great_a help_n to_o advance_v coction_n therefore_o i_o take_v two_o little_a vessel_n very_o like_o one_o another_o and_o well_o fasten_v by_o screw_n one_o of_o they_o be_v well_o sodder_v every_o where_o but_o the_o other_o have_v a_o little_a hole_n leave_v in_o its_o cover_n for_o the_o vapour_n to_o get_v out_o these_o vessel_n be_v fill_v with_o water_n and_o meat_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n and_o put_v together_o in_o the_o same_o bath_n of_o sand_n and_o leave_v there_o in_o a_o equal_a heat_n for_o three_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n i_o take_v they_o off_o both_o together_o and_o find_v that_o the_o meat_n that_o have_v be_v exact_o shut_v up_o be_v rather_o over_o than_o under_o do_v but_o the_o other_o be_v a_o great_a deal_n too_o raw_a therefore_o we_o may_v reckon_v this_o also_o among_o the_o propriety_n of_o this_o engine_n that_o the_o great_a the_o inward_a pressure_n be_v the_o great_a effect_n be_v produce_v by_o the_o same_o heat_n and_o in_o the_o same_o time_n experim._n vii_o have_v find_v some_o difference_n between_o beef_n and_o mutton_n the_o one_o being_n hard_o to_o be_v boil_v than_o the_o other_o i_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o see_v whether_o there_o will_v not_o be_v some_o difference_n also_o between_o flesh_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n but_o of_o different_a age_n therefore_o june_n 4._o i_o take_v lamb_n and_o fill_v two_o glass_n with_o it_o and_o put_v some_o water_n into_o one_o of_o they_o now_o since_o five_o ounce_n of_o coal_n have_v be_v enough_o to_o boil_v mutton_n i_o take_v but_o four_o ounce_n and_o half_a for_o the_o lamb_n think_v it_o will_v be_v more_o easy_a to_o be_v boil_v i_o press_v the_o fire_n as_o brisk_o as_o i_o can_v but_o a_o drop_n of_o water_n will_v not_o dry_v away_o in_o less_o than_o 11_o or_o 12_o second_n the_o inward_a pressure_n be_v eight_o time_n strong_a than_o the_o ordinary_a pressure_n of_o the_o air_n the_o heat_n be_v but_o so_o little_a which_o may_v be_v because_o the_o great_a share_n of_o the_o coal_n have_v be_v once_o already_o kindle_v the_o fire_n be_v go_v out_o by_o little_a and_o little_a i_o find_v but_o one_o dram_n of_o coal_n that_o have_v not_o be_v consume_v in_o the_o glass_n without_o water_n the_o bone_n be_v soften_v at_o some_o of_o the_o end_n only_o but_o in_o the_o glass_n with_o water_n the_o bone_n be_v all_o very_a soft_a yet_o the_o meat_n be_v much_o less_o savoury_a than_o in_o the_o other_o vessel_n this_o experiment_n cause_v i_o to_o think_v 1._o that_o the_o bone_n of_o young_a beast_n require_v almost_o as_o much_o fire_n as_o those_o of_o old_a one_o to_o be_v boil_v 2._o that_o water_n be_v a_o dissolver_n fit_a to_o soften_v bone_n but_o that_o it_o impair_v the_o taste_n experim._n viii_o propriety_n that_o i_o may_v know_v pretty_a near_o what_o difference_n may_v be_v find_v as_o to_o the_o perfection_n of_o the_o operation_n when_o the_o fire_n go_v out_o of_o itself_o or_o when_o it_o be_v all_o take_v off_o and_o quench_v as_o soon_o as_o the_o heat_n be_v come_v to_o the_o intend_a degree_n july_n 5._o i_o fill_v again_o two_o glass-pot_n with_o lamb_n as_o before_o and_o have_v kindle_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o coal_n i_o press_v the_o fire_n till_o a_o drop_n of_o water_n will_v dry_v away_o in_o 3_o second_o and_o present_o i_o take_v off_o all_o the_o fire_n i_o find_v the_o bone_n in_o the_o pot_n without_o water_n a_o little_o soft_a than_o in_o the_o former_a experiment_n and_o in_o the_o pot_n with_o water_n i_o find_v they_o all_o very_a soft_a but_o the_o meat_n be_v not_o at_o all_o spoil_v so_o i_o think_v it_o be_v near_o the_o same_o to_o press_v the_o fire_n with_o 4_o ½_n ounce_n of_o coal_n so_o as_o to_o dry_v away_o a_o drop_n of_o water_n in_o 10_o second_o and_o then_o let_v the_o fire_n go_v out_o of_o itself_o or_o to_o press_v the_o fire_n with-six_a or_o seven_o ounce_n of_o coal_n and_o then_o take_v it_o all_o off_o as_o soon_o as_o a_o drop_n of_o water_n dry_v away_o in_o 3_o second_o therefore_o the_o same_o proportion_n may_v be_v observe_v in_o other_o operation_n for_o example_n if_o i_o be_v to_o make_v a_o operation_n that_o may_v be_v perform_v with_o a_o quantity_n of_o coal_n that_o can_v make_v the_o engine_n hot_a enough_o to_o dry_v a_o drop_n of_o water_n in_o 20_o second_n leave_v afterward_o the_o fire_n to_o go_v out_o of_o itself_o and_o if_o i_o will_v save_v time_n i_o shall_v make_v a_o good_a fire_n that_o the_o heat_n may_v quick_o come_v to_o dry_v a_o drop_n of_o water_n in_o 6_o second_o and_o present_o take_v away_o all_o the_o fire_n and_o so_o in_o all_o other_o operation_n keep_v still_o the_o proportion_n as_o 10_o to_o 3_o yet_o i_o confess_v this_o rule_n be_v not_o demonstrate_v neither_o do_v the_o matter_n in_o hand_n require_v such_o a_o mathematical_a exactness_n when_o i_o say_v nothing_o of_o the_o inward_a pressure_n as_o in_o this_o rule_n it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v that_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v always_o equal_a experim._n ix_o july_n 11._o i_o take_v a_o rabbit_n and_o have_v fill_v with_o it_o two_o glass-pot_n and_o put_v some_o water_n in_o one_o and_o none_o in_o the_o other_o i_o kindle_v five_o ounce_n of_o coal_n and_o have_v press_v the_o fire_n till_o a_o drop_n of_o water_n will_v dry_v away_o in_o 4_o second_o i_o let_v the_o fire_n go_v out_o of_o itself_o the_o vessel_n be_v cool_v i_o find_v the_o rabbit_n bone_n well_o soften_v in_o the_o pot_n with_o water_n but_o in_o the_o other_o they_o be_v all_o very_a hard_a yet_o the_o flesh_n have_v be_v well_o season_v it_o be_v as_o tender_v and_o savoury_a as_o any_o pastry_n can_v be_v but_o in_o the_o pot_n with_o water_n it_o relish_v not_o so_o well_o by_o a_o great_a deal_n by_o this_o experiment_n i_o see_v that_o rabbit_n bone_n be_v hard_a than_o those_o of_o mutton_n and_o i_o be_v more_o full_o satisfy_v that_o water_n help_v much_o the_o soften_a of_o bone_n experim._n x._o propriety_n i_o take_v another_o rabbit_n and_o have_v shut_v it_o up_o as_o in_o the_o former_a experiment_n i_o kindle_v five_o ounce_n and_o half_a of_o coal_n but_o the_o paper_n in_o the_o joint_n of_o it_o have_v be_v spoil_v the_o inward_a pressure_n be_v not_o as_o strong_a again_o as_o the_o ordinary_a pressure_n of_o the_o air_n because_o the_o water_n can_v get_v out_o and_o for_o that_o reason_n also_o the_o heat_n can_v not_o well_o be_v keep_v for_o notwithstanding_o the_o quantity_n of_o coal_n in_o this_o experiment_n be_v great_a the_o drop_n of_o water_n be_v twenty_o time_n long_o evaporate_n than_o in_o the_o former_a experiment_n so_o that_o we_o may_v reckon_v this_o for_o a_o propriety_n of_o this_o engine_n that_o the_o great_a the_o inward_a pressure_n be_v the_o less_o quantity_n of_o coal_n be_v require_v to_o give_v a_o certain_a degree_n of_o heat_n the_o rabbit_n be_v very_o tender_a but_o the_o bone_n be_v not_o at_o all_o soften_v no_o not_o in_o the_o glass_n where_o i_o have_v put_v water_n but_o some_o that_o have_v be_v boil_v the_o day_n before_o and_o put_v again_o to_o be_v make_v more_o ready_a be_v find_v very_o well_o soften_v by_o this_o experiment_n i_o see_v that_o although_o some_o boil_a bone_n do_v not_o seem_v to_o be_v soften_v at_o all_o yet_o they_o have_v get_v a_o great_a preparation_n towards_o that_o though_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v to_o sense_n experim._n xi_o july_n 13._o i_o take_v a_o old_a male_a and_o tame_a rabbit_n which_o be_v ordinary_o but_o a_o pitiful_a sort_n of_o meat_n i_o season_v it_o and_o put_v it_o into_o two_o glass-pot_n i_o kindle_v six_o ounce_n of_o coal_n and_o press_v the_o fire_n till_o the_o drop_n of_o water_n will_v evaporate_v in_o less_o than_o 4_o second_n the_o inward_a pressure_n be_v about_o six_o time_n strong_a than_o the_o ordinary_a pressure_n of_o the_o air._n the_o fire_n be_v go_v out_o of_o itself_o i_o find_v the_o rabbit_n very_o ready_a and_o the_o bone_n soften_v and_o it_o be_v as_o savoury_a as_o young_a rabbit_n use_v to_o be_v the_o juice_n of_o it_o turn_v to_o a_o good_a jelly_n so_o that_o i_o think_v this_o to_o be_v the_o quantity_n of_o fire_n most_o fit_a to_o boil_v rabbit_n experim._n xii_o propriety_n august_n 12._o i_o put_v
pigeon_n into_o two_o little_a glass-pot_n weigh_v they_o one_o after_o another_o before_o i_o enclose_v they_o in_o their_o frame_n i_o press_v the_o fire_n till_o the_o drop_n of_o water_n will_v dry_v away_o in_o 5_o second_o and_o the_o inward_a pressure_n be_v ten_o time_n as_o strong_a as_o the_o ordinary_a pressure_n of_o the_o air._n the_o vessel_n be_v cool_v i_o find_v both_o the_o cover_v stick_v pretty_a fast_o to_o their_o pot_n so_o that_o it_o be_v apparent_a that_o the_o air_n within_o the_o say_a pot_n be_v rarify_v and_o that_o something_o have_v get_v out_o of_o they_o i_o weigh_v they_o one_o after_o the_o other_o be_v well_o dry_v as_o i_o have_v do_v before_o the_o boil_a and_o i_o find_v that_o one_o of_o they_o wherein_o i_o have_v put_v by_o weight_n a_o eight_o part_n less_o of_o meat_n than_o the_o vessel_n can_v contain_v of_o water_n be_v exact_o the_o same_o weight_n as_o before_o and_o the_o bone_n be_v very_o tender_a and_o the_o juice_n a_o strong_a jelly_n without_o empyreume_n the_o other_o pot_n wherein_o i_o have_v put_v a_o great_a weight_n of_o meat_n than_o it_o can_v hold_v of_o water_n be_v grow_v heavy_a and_o the_o juice_n in_o it_o be_v not_o so_o well_o congeal_v as_o in_o the_o other_o it_o be_v very_o like_a that_o the_o great_a quantity_n of_o meat_n be_v too_o much_o rarify_v in_o this_o pot_n have_v open_v the_o cover_n so_o as_o to_o admit_v some_o of_o the_o water_n from_o the_o balneum_fw-la mariae_fw-la which_o have_v increase_v the_o weight_n and_o dilute_v the_o jelly_n but_o in_o the_o first_o pot_n the_o rarefaction_n of_o the_o meat_n be_v able_a only_o to_o drive_v out_o a_o little_a air_n without_o any_o sensible_a open_n of_o the_o cover_n from_o this_o experiment_n i_o think_v we_o may_v conclude_v that_o one_o propriety_n of_o this_o engine_n be_v that_o if_o we_o boil_v pigeon_n so_o as_o to_o make_v the_o drop_n of_o water_n dry_a away_o in_o 5_o second_n with_o a_o inward_a pressure_n ten_o time_n as_o strong_a as_o the_o ordinary_a pressure_n of_o the_o air_n the_o weight_n of_o the_o meat_n in_o the_o pot_n must_v be_v but_o 〈◊〉_d of_o that_o which_o the_o pot_n can_v hold_v seven_o pound_n of_o meat_n for_o example_n in_o a_o pot_n that_o can_v hold_v eight_o pound_n of_o water_n for_o by_o that_o mean_v the_o pressure_n in_o the_o pot_n be_v as_o strong_a as_o in_o the_o engine_n and_o yet_o nothing_o be_v lose_v in_o the_o sixteenth_o experiment_n you_o may_v see_v that_o the_o water_n be_v take_v in_o the_o same_o weight_n will_v do_v the_o same_o effect_n so_o that_o some_o people_n will_v think_v that_o all_o other_o body_n shall_v be_v also_o take_v in_o the_o same_o weight_n because_o those_o that_o will_v take_v up_o less_o room_n upon_o the_o score_n of_o their_o specific_a gravity_n will_v by_o the_o same_o reason_n expand_v themselves_o so_o much_o the_o more_o but_o this_o will_v be_v a_o great_a mistake_n for_o i_o have_v try_v chap._n 6._o exper._n 3._o that_o spirit_n of_o wine_n though_o of_o a_o lesser_a specific_a gravity_n than_o vinegar_n will_v nevertheless_o rarify_v a_o great_a deal_n more_o by_o heat_n therefore_o if_o we_o will_v be_v very_o exact_v not_o to_o lose_v any_o thing_n and_o to_o have_v the_o intend_a pressure_n in_o the_o pot_n we_o must_v find_v by_o experience_n how_o far_o and_o how_o powerful_o other_o body_n will_v rarify_v as_o in_o this_o experiment_n i_o have_v find_v it_o for_o pigeon_n to_o fill_v afterward_o the_o pot_n according_o at_o the_o same_o time_n i_o have_v in_o another_o engine_n some_o of_o the_o same_o pigeon_n a_o boil_a the_o heat_n be_v such_o that_o it_o dry_v a_o drop_n of_o water_n in_o 3_o second_o but_o the_o inward_a pressure_n be_v but_o five_o time_n as_o strong_a as_o the_o ordinary_a pressure_n of_o the_o air._n the_o vessel_n be_v cool_v i_o find_v the_o bone_n not_o quite_o so_o soft_a as_o in_o the_o other_o engine_n though_o they_o have_v be_v in_o a_o great_a heat_n yet_o they_o be_v almost_o all_o fit_a to_o be_v eat_v this_o experiment_n make_v i_o believe_v that_o we_o may_v reckon_v this_o among_o the_o propriety_n of_o this_o engine_n that_o it_o be_v almost_o the_o same_o thing_n to_o have_v the_o drop_n of_o water_n dry_a away_o in_o 3_o second_o and_o five_o pressure_n as_o to_o have_v it_o dry_v away_o in_o 5_o second_o and_o ten_o pressure_n in_o the_o engine_n so_o people_n may_v find_v out_o by_o experience_n in_o any_o other_o case_n what_o quantity_n of_o pressure_n may_v do_v instead_o of_o a_o certain_a quantity_n of_o heat_n and_o if_o one_o have_v a_o exact_a thermometer_n as_o i_o have_v say_v in_o chap._n 2._o one_o may_v perhaps_o draw_v from_o thence_o great_a light_n for_o other_o thing_n i_o say_v beside_o that_o this_o experiment_n show_v that_o good_a balnea_fw-la mariae_fw-la fit_v to_o hold_v great_a pressure_n will_v save_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o fire_n for_o we_o have_v see_v exper._n 10._o that_o the_o great_a the_o inward_a pressure_n be_v the_o less_o coal_n will_v serve_v to_o bring_v the_o engine_n to_o a_o certain_a heat_n and_o now_o we_o see_v that_o such_o a_o degree_n of_o heat_n raise_v with_o less_o coal_n may_v produce_v a_o great_a effect_n than_o if_o we_o have_v be_v force_v to_o bestow_v more_o coal_n for_o it_o where_o this_o pressure_n be_v want_v fish_n experim._n xiii_o june_n 15._o i_o take_v a_o macquerel_n and_o put_v it_o in_o a_o glass-pot_n with_o green_a goosberry_n i_o include_v the_o pot_n in_o the_o engine_n and_o with_o four_o ounce_n and_o two_o dram_n of_o coal_n i_o bring_v the_o heat_n to_o dry_v away_o the_o drop_n of_o water_n in_o 10_o second_o and_o the_o inward_a pressure_n be_v seven_o time_n as_o strong_a as_o the_o ordinary_a pressure_n of_o the_o air._n the_o fire_n be_v go_v out_o by_o little_a and_o little_a i_o find_v that_o the_o remain_a coal_n weigh_v about_o two_o dram_n the_o fish_n be_v very_o ready_a and_o firm_a though_o the_o bone_n be_v so_o soft_a as_o not_o to_o be_v feel_v in_o eat_v the_o fish_n before_o it_o be_v boil_v do_v weigh_v nine_o ounce_n and_o after_o boil_v not_o above_o seven_o so_o that_o i_o have_v two_o ounce_n of_o good_a juice_n which_o will_v have_v be_v throw_v away_o if_o the_o fish_n have_v be_v boil_v after_o the_o ordinary_a way_n and_o moreover_o the_o taste_n be_v a_o great_a deal_n better_o the_o volatile_a salt_n not_o have_v get_v away_o or_o be_v dissolve_v in_o water_n the_o goose-berry_n have_v a_o very_a good_a taste_n and_o nothing_o of_o burn_v experim._n fourteen_o june_n 19_o i_o make_v the_o same_o trial_n with_o a_o pike_n and_o i_o give_v the_o fire_n as_o in_o the_o former_a experiment_n the_o fish_n be_v find_v very_o ready_a and_o its_o flesh_n firm_a and_o the_o bone_n soft_a though_o they_o seem_v somewhat_o hard_a than_o those_o of_o the_o macquerel_n a_o gentleman_n have_v taste_v of_o this_o inquire_v whether_o it_o be_v the_o dissolve_v of_o the_o bone_n that_o make_v the_o fish_n so_o savoury_a this_o persuade_v i_o that_o my_o think_v such_o fish_n better_o than_o ordinary_a be_v not_o out_o of_o preoccupation_n the_o juice_n of_o the_o pike_n come_v to_o a_o strong_a jelly_n which_o do_v not_o happen_v to_o that_o of_o the_o macquerel_n i_o can_v tell_v whether_o this_o difference_n proceed_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o fish_n or_o from_o the_o temperature_n of_o the_o air._n experim._n xv._o june_n 20._o i_o take_v a_o great_a eel_n and_o have_v shut_v it_o up_o as_o i_o use_v i_o kindle_v four_o ounce_n and_o half_a of_o coal_n so_o that_o the_o drop_n of_o water_n do_v dry_a away_o in_o 6_o second_o and_o the_o inward_a pressure_n be_v seven_o time_n strong_a than_o the_o ordinary_a pressure_n of_o the_o air_n the_o fire_n be_v go_v out_o of_o itself_o the_o eel_n be_v find_v very_o ready_a so_o be_v the_o skin_n and_o bone_n and_o all_o without_o empyreume_n but_o its_o flesh_n be_v not_o so_o firm_a as_o that_o of_o other_o fish_n the_o juice_n do_v not_o congeal_v which_o i_o think_v do_v proceed_v from_o the_o excess_n of_o fire_n rather_o than_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o this_o fish_n since_o its_o skin_n seem_v very_o fit_a to_o make_v jelly_n all_o these_o experiment_n make_v i_o believe_v that_o all_o fish_n may_v be_v make_v ready_a almost_o with_o the_o same_o degree_n of_o heat_n pulse_n experim._n xvi_o july_n 2._o i_o put_v bean_n in_o a_o glass-pot_n some_o of_o which_o be_v raw_a and_o the_o other_o have_v be_v boil_v already_o with_o hartshorn_n i_o pour_v a_o little_a water_n into_o the_o pot_n to_o see_v the_o difference_n between_o those_o bean_n that_o will_v
chap._n 2._o exper._n 13._o so_o that_o their_o bone_n be_v soft_a then_o i_o leave_v one_o dry_a in_o the_o open_a air_n and_o have_v keep_v it_o for_o eight_o day_n though_o in_o very_o hot_a weather_n it_o be_v not_o corrupt_v at_o all_o but_o another_o piece_n which_o i_o keep_v in_o the_o sauce_n be_v corrupt_v before_o three_o day_n i_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o try_v afterward_o whether_o a_o ordinary_a boil_a will_v have_v the_o same_o effect_n and_o to_o that_o end_n june_n 26._o i_o boil_v a_o macquerel_n after_o the_o ordinary_a way_n and_o have_v set_v it_o to_o dry_a as_o i_o have_v do_v with_o the_o other_o i_o find_v that_o it_o will_v stink_v in_o less_o than_o four_o day_n from_o this_o experiment_n i_o believe_v it_o appear_v that_o this_o engine_n will_v be_v useful_a to_o dry_a victual_n so_o as_o to_o keep_v they_o without_o salt_n and_o without_o lose_v their_o juice_n and_o it_o may_v be_v such_o victual_n will_v prove_v much_o more_o wholesome_a than_o salt_n victual_n that_o be_v so_o much_o use_v at_o sea_n experim._n x._o this_o engine_n be_v so_o useful_a to_o hinder_v the_o waste_n of_o fresh_a water_n by_o evaporation_n i_o think_v it_o may_v also_o in_o some_o case_n make_v sea-water_n serve_v instead_o of_o fresh_a water_n have_v therefore_o dissolve_v one_o dram_n of_o salt_n in_o forty_o dram_n of_o water_n which_o i_o have_v hear_v from_o mr._n boyle_n to_o be_v much_o the_o same_o proportion_n of_o salt_n as_o be_v in_o sea-water_n i_o take_v a_o ounce_n of_o dry_a pease_n and_o have_v put_v they_o in_o a_o glass-pot_n with_o double_a their_o weight_n of_o the_o say_a salt_n water_n i_o include_v they_o in_o the_o engine_n i_o blow_v up_o the_o fire_n till_o the_o drop_n of_o water_n will_v evaporate_v in_o 4_o second_o with_o a_o inward_a pressure_n ten_o time_n strong_a than_o the_o ordinary_a pressure_n of_o the_o air._n the_o vessel_n be_v cool_v i_o find_v that_o the_o pease_n have_v imbibe_v all_o the_o water_n and_o be_v very_o well_o soften_v and_o dr._n king_n have_v taste_v the_o same_o find_v they_o very_o savoury_a and_o not_o too_o much_o salt_v it_o be_v very_o likely_a that_o bean_n and_o all_o other_o pulse_n will_v do_v the_o same_o i_o think_v therefore_o that_o in_o supply_v a_o ship_n with_o victual_n we_o may_v reckon_v that_o the_o pulse_n will_v change_v double_a their_o weight_n of_o sea-water_n into_o fresh_a water_n or_o at_o least_o make_v it_o serve_v for_o nourishment_n as_o well_o as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v fresh_a and_o this_o may_v diminish_v very_o much_o the_o quantity_n of_o fresh_a water_n ship_n must_v be_v encumber_v with_o if_o people_n shall_v use_v sea-water_n to_o boil_v pease_n in_o after_o the_o ordinary_a way_n it_o will_v come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o evaporation_n waste_v but_o the_o watery_a part_n will_v make_v the_o pease_n exceed_v salt_n and_o beside_o that_o they_o can_v never_o be_v well_o soften_v i_o do_v also_o try_v whether_o sea-water_n can_v be_v use_v to_o make_v jelly_n therefore_o i_o put_v some_o of_o the_o same_o salt_n water_n into_o a_o pot_n with_o a_o equal_a weight_n of_o mutton-bone_n and_o have_v increase_v the_o fire_n as_o i_o use_v to_o make_v mutton-bone_n jelly_n i_o find_v a_o very_a strong_a jelly_n indeed_o but_o it_o be_v too_o salt_n by_o a_o great_a deal_n the_o quantity_n of_o congeal_a part_n be_v so_o little_a that_o it_o can_v much_o contemperate_a the_o saltness_n of_o the_o water_n i_o think_v therefore_o that_o sea-water_n shall_v be_v mingle_v with_o double_a its_o weight_n of_o fresh_a water_n to_o make_v jelly_n withal_o chap._n iu_o experiment_n for_o confectioner_n experim._n i._n jvne_n 27._o i_o put_v cherry_n into_o two_o pot_n in_o one_o of_o they_o there_o be_v water_n enough_o to_o cover_v the_o fruit_n to_o the_o other_o i_o add_v nothing_o at_o all_o have_v force_v the_o fire_n till_o the_o drop_n of_o water_n will_v dry_v away_o in_o 40_o second_n with_o the_o inward_a pressure_n 3_o time_n strong_a than_o the_o ordinary_a pressure_n of_o the_o air_n i_o find_v the_o cherry_n very_o well_o boil_v and_o those_o have_v much_o juice_n where_o i_o have_v add_v no_o water_n those_o with_o water_n have_v much_o more_o liquor_n but_o their_o taste_n be_v more_o waterish_a the_o next_o day_n i_o put_v some_o of_o these_o cherry_n to_o dry_a in_o the_o open_a air_n and_o i_o put_v some_o also_o to_o boil_v again_o with_o goose-berry_n to_o see_v whether_o a_o new_a boil_n will_v spoil_v they_o i_o blow_v up_o the_o sire_n till_o the_o drop_n of_o water_n will_v dry_v away_o in_o 10_o second_o with_o the_o inward_a pressure_n eight_o time_n strong_a than_o the_o ordinary_a pressure_n of_o the_o air_n and_o after_o that_o i_o do_v not_o find_v the_o cherry_n at_o all_o alter_v but_o be_v still_o as_o big_a and_o as_o entire_a as_o before_o they_o have_v be_v boil_v i_o put_v some_o of_o these_o also_o to_o dry_v in_o the_o open_a air._n the_o next_o day_n i_o find_v that_o all_o these_o cherry_n will_v dry_v very_o well_o and_o not_o corrupt_v but_o those_o that_o have_v be_v boil_v but_o once_o without_o water_n be_v big_a than_o all_o the_o rest_n and_o those_o that_o have_v be_v boil_v twice_o be_v very_o wrinkle_v and_o grow_v small_a than_o the_o other_o that_o have_v be_v as_o long_o again_o a_o dry_n this_o experiment_n show_v that_o some_o fruit_n may_v without_o danger_n remain_v a_o great_a while_n upon_o the_o fire_n in_o this_o engine_n after_o they_o have_v be_v boil_v enough_o and_o that_o make_v they_o to_o be_v not_o so_o fit_a to_o corrupt_v as_o they_o be_v before_o therefore_o i_o believe_v if_o those_o who_o be_v skilful_a that_o way_n will_v make_v a_o syrup_n to_o keep_v such_o fruit_n in_o without_o dry_v they_o may_v have_v sweetmeat_n which_o not_o have_v be_v boil_v in_o sugar_n will_v keep_v much_o better_a the_o taste_n of_o the_o fruit_n but_o i_o think_v the_o syrup_n shall_v be_v thick_a than_o usual_a because_o the_o moisture_n of_o the_o fruit_n be_v apt_a in_o a_o little_a time_n to_o mingle_v with_o it_o and_o make_v it_o more_o liquid_a experience_n must_v teach_v we_o what_o degree_n of_o heat_n will_v be_v the_o best_a to_o preserve_v fruit_n without_o much_o alter_n its_o taste_n experim._n ii_o july_n 6._o i_o put_v into_o a_o pot_n sive_fw-la ounce_n of_o goose-berry_n and_o have_v continue_v the_o fire_n till_o the_o drop_n of_o water_n will_v dry_v away_o in_o 15_o second_o i_o present_o put_v it_o out_o the_o vessel_n be_v cool_v i_o find_v that_o the_o goose-berry_n have_v yield_v a_o ounce_n and_o half_a of_o liquor_n pretty_a thick_a i_o put_v some_o of_o these_o goose-berry_n to_o dry_a in_o the_o open_a air_n and_o they_o do_v dry_a very_o well_o and_o not_o corrupt_v this_o experiment_n make_v i_o the_o more_o apt_a to_o believe_v that_o sweetmeat_n may_v be_v so_o order_v as_o to_o keep_v much_o of_o the_o taste_n of_o the_o fruit_n and_o i_o believe_v at_o the_o same_o time_n one_o may_v have_v a_o great_a conveniency_n to_o make_v clear_a cake_n because_o the_o juice_n sit_v for_o that_o purpose_n be_v all_o keep_v in_o this_o engine_n and_o may_v be_v draw_v a_o great_a deal_n soon_o than_o after_o the_o ordinary_a way_n experim._n iii_o july_n 22._o three_o week_n ago_o i_o shut_v up_o ripe_a goose-berry_n in_o a_o great_a glass_n and_o put_v to_o they_o water_n satiate_v with_o sugar_n to_o sill_z up_o the_o interstice_n to_o day_n see_v these_o goose-berry_n ferment_n apace_o and_o make_v abundance_n of_o bubble_n i_o put_v some_o of_o they_o in_o a_o glass-pot_n with_o some_o of_o their_o liquor_n and_o have_v enclose_v it_o in_o the_o engine_n i_o continue_v the_o fire_n till_o the_o drop_n of_o water_n do_v dry_a away_o in_o 6_o second_o with_o a_o inward_a pressure_n five_o time_n strong_a than_o the_o ordinary_a pressure_n of_o the_o air._n i_o take_v off_o the_o fire_n and_o the_o vessel_n be_v cool_v i_o find_v the_o goose-berry_n very_o well_o boil_v soft_a and_o of_o a_o good_a taste_n though_o the_o fermentation_n have_v make_v they_o hard_a and_o unpleasant_a to_o the_o palate_n i_o include_v at_o the_o same_o time_n another_o pot_n full_a with_o fresh_a goose-berry_n to_o which_o i_o add_v one_o part_n of_o sugar_n to_o five_o part_n of_o fruit_n i_o find_v they_o also_o very_o ready_a and_o of_o a_o very_a please_a taste_n but_o much_o more_o sweet_a than_o those_o that_o have_v be_v ferment_v after_o i_o have_v leave_v these_o two_o glass-pot_n for_o ten_o day_n together_o well_o cover_v but_o not_o above_o â…“_n full_a i_o see_v no_o fermentation_n in_o they_o but_o the_o fruit_n grow_v a_o little_a musty_a
in_o the_o pot_n contain_v those_o goose-berry_n that_o have_v never_o be_v ferment_v but_o in_o the_o other_o pot_n there_o be_v no_o change_n at_o all_o so_o that_o it_o seem_v the_o fermentation_n before_o boil_a be_v a_o remedy_n against_o corruption_n i_o take_v the_o fruit_n that_o grow_v musty_a and_o have_v exact_o fill_v a_o lesser_a glass_n with_o it_o i_o fasten_v a_o good_a cover_n to_o it_o with_o a_o screw_n this_o prevent_v further_a corruption_n and_o that_o same_o fruit_n in_o five_o or_o six_o day_n begin_v to_o ferment_n and_o the_o juice_n run_v over_o though_o the_o screw_v press_v the_o cover_n pretty_a hard_a august_n 30._o i_o open_v that_o same_o glass_n who_o cover_n be_v fasten_v with_o a_o screw_n and_o have_v put_v some_o of_o the_o fruit_n and_o juice_n into_o a_o little_a glass-pot_n then_o have_v shut_v all_o in_o the_o engine_n i_o increase_v the_o fire_n till_o the_o drop_n of_o water_n dry_v away_o in_o 6_o second_o with_o a_o inward_a pressure_n 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any_o time_n make_v with_o they_o very_o good_a sweetmeat_n at_o a_o cheap_a rate_n by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o engine_n that_o will_v soften_v the_o fruit_n and_o keep_v the_o spirit_n from_o evaporate_n 2._o there_o will_v be_v less_o danger_n of_o grow_v musty_a when_o the_o fruit_n have_v be_v boil_v so_o during_o the_o fermentation_n 3._o if_o any_o mustiness_n appear_v we_o may_v hinder_v it_o by_o fill_v up_o the_o vessel_n and_o fasten_v the_o cover_n with_o a_o screw_n 4._o if_o the_o fermentation_n begin_v again_o we_o may_v stop_v it_o by_o a_o new_a boil_a yet_o this_o experiment_n ought_v to_o be_v continue_v some_o time_n long_o before_o we_o can_v be_v assure_v how_o far_o it_o will_v go_v i_o do_v not_o here_o describe_v the_o way_n how_o to_o fasten_v a_o cover_n to_o a_o glass_n with_o a_o screw_n since_o it_o be_v the_o same_o that_o have_v be_v say_v in_o chap._n 1._o for_o the_o pot_n gg_n and_o people_n that_o will_v make_v a_o great_a trade_n of_o that_o kind_n may_v instead_o of_o glass_n make_v use_v of_o high_a earthen_a pot_n experim._n iu._n august_n 17_o &_o 18._o i_o repeat_v the_o same_o experiment_n but_o instead_o of_o goose-berry_n i_o make_v use_v of_o plum_n i_o boil_v some_o of_o they_o three_o several_a time_n but_o i_o learn_v nothing_o worth_a relate_v only_o that_o plum_n after_o they_o be_v boil_v ferment_v with_o ½_n or_o ¼_n of_o sugar_n will_v taste_v like_o wine_n strong_a and_o more_o please_a than_o goose-berry_n and_o i_o do_v not_o question_v but_o many_o man_n will_v approve_v of_o this_o pleasant_a relish_n beyond_o that_o of_o most_o sweetmeat_n i_o do_v also_o observe_v that_o when_o i_o distil_v they_o in_o the_o manner_n describe_v chap._n 6._o exper._n 3_o they_o yield_v juice_n in_o a_o great_a quantity_n and_o thick_a than_o when_o boil_v as_o the_o goose-berry_n beforementioned_a be_v chap._n v._o experiment_n to_o make_v drink_n experim._n i._n jv_o 22._o i_o include_v two_o or_o three_o week_n ago_o some_o ripe_a goose-berry_n in_o a_o great_a glass_n and_o fill_v all_o the_o interstice_n with_o water_n and_o sugar_n to_o day_n see_v the_o fruit_n do_v ferment_n apace_o i_o take_v out_o some_o with_o the_o liquor_n and_o fill_v therewith_o ⅘_n of_o a_o little_a glass-pot_n then_o i_o make_v use_v of_o some_o of_o this_o liquor_n alone_o to_o fill_v another_o glass-pot_n wherein_o i_o have_v put_v some_o fresh_a goose-berry_n unferment_v have_v include_v these_o two_o pot_n in_o the_o same_o frame_n and_o in_o the_o same_o engine_n i_o advance_v the_o fire_n till_o the_o drop_n of_o water_n will_v dry_v away_o in_o 2_o second_o and_o keep_v it_o so_o for_o a_o while_n the_o inward_a pressure_n be_v ten_o time_n strong_a than_o the_o ordinary_a pressure_n of_o the_o air._n the_o vessel_n be_v cool_v i_o find_v the_o pot_n contain_v the_o fermented_a goose-berry_n to_o be_v half_o empty_a and_o mighty_o burn_v but_o the_o vessel_n contain_v the_o fresh_a goose-berry_n be_v scarce_o at_o all_o the_o empty_a though_o there_o be_v in_o it_o a_o good_a deal_n of_o fermented_a liquor_n which_o have_v no_o taste_n of_o burn_a from_o this_o experiment_n i_o conclude_v that_o when_o wine_n be_v make_v so_o by_o infuse_v fruit_n in_o water_n and_o sugar_n there_o be_v much_o more_o strength_n in_o the_o fruit_n than_o in_o the_o liquor_n so_o that_o the_o fruit_n by_o ferment_v come_v to_o be_v near_o as_o apt_a to_o rarify_v as_o spirit_n of_o wine_n itself_o see_v chap._n 6._o exper._n 2._o therefore_o i_o though_o if_o i_o do_v make_v wine_n with_o fruit_n alone_o without_o water_n it_o will_v be_v mighty_a strong_a but_o because_o the_o juice_n of_o goose-berry_n and_o several_a other_o fruit_n be_v too_o thick_a to_o make_v wine_n withal_o unless_o they_o be_v boil_v i_o think_v that_o this_o screw_v engine_n be_v very_o necessary_a to_o boil_v these_o juice_n see_v we_o can_v perform_v it_o without_o water_n and_o without_o evaporate_n the_o most_o subtle_a part_n therefore_o i_o make_v the_o follow_a experiment_n experim._n ii_o july_n 25._o i_o put_v ripe_a goose-berry_n into_o a_o pewter-pot_n and_o have_v enclose_v it_o in_o the_o engine_n i_o continue_v the_o fire_n till_o a_o drop_n of_o water_n will_v dry_v away_o in_o 3_o second_o with_o a_o inward_a pressure_n ten_o time_n strong_a than_o the_o ordinary_a pressure_n of_o the_o air_n i_o present_o take_v off_o the_o fire_n and_o the_o vessel_n be_v cool_v i_o find_v that_o the_o goose-berry_n have_v yield_v a_o very_a red_a juice_n and_o that_o in_o the_o place_n where_o the_o goose-berry_n have_v be_v burst_v next_o to_o the_o pewter_n pot_n they_o have_v acquire_v a_o very_a fine_a purple_a violet_n colour_n i_o put_v this_o morning_n some_o of_o the_o same_o ripe_a goose-berry_n with_o water_n and_o sugar_n into_o a_o glass_n vessel_n well_o stop_v and_o afterward_o i_o put_v some_o of_o the_o goose-berry_n new_o take_v out_o of_o the_o engine_n into_o another_o glass_n with_o some_o of_o their_o juice_n and_o ¼_n of_o sugar_n that_o i_o may_v see_v which_o of_o they_o will_v ferment_n soon_o and_o better_o august_n 2._o two_o or_o three_o day_n ago_o i_o see_v the_o goose-berry_n ferment_n in_o both_o glass_n much_o alike_o and_o to_o day_n have_v take_v some_o of_o the_o juice_n out_o of_o the_o two_o glass_n i_o put_v they_o several_o into_o two_o vial_n and_o then_o i_o put_v they_o both_o together_o in_o vacuo_fw-la where_o i_o observe_v according_a to_o my_o expectation_n that_o the_o juice_n of_o those_o goose-berry_n that_o have_v be_v boil_v be_v much_o more_o like_o the_o nature_n of_o wine_n than_o the_o liquor_n of_o the_o other_o glass_n for_o that_o bubbled_a more_o and_o its_o taste_n be_v more_o pungent_a and_o spirituous_a august_n 3_o i_o separate_v the_o boil_a goose-berry_n from_o their_o juice_n and_o squeeze_v they_o that_o they_o may_v yield_v more_o i_o put_v all_o that_o juice_n into_o a_o bottle_n which_o i_o have_v keep_v ever_o since_o that_o be_v near_o six_o week_n for_o two_o or_o three_o day_n in_o the_o beginning_n that_o liquor_n ferment_v mighty_o throw_v out_o the_o cork_n and_o run_v over_o though_o it_o be_v not_o 〈◊〉_d full_a but_o since_o that_o time_n it_o have_v be_v much_o abate_v and_o now_o its_o taste_n be_v very_o good_a and_o pungent_a yet_o it_o do_v ferment_n still_o several_a bubble_n arise_v in_o it_o and_o it_o be_v not_o clarify_v this_o make_v i_o believe_v that_o such_o wine_n may_v be_v keep_v for_o a_o great_a while_n and_o that_o it_o be_v to_o be_v fear_v rather_o that_o it_o will_v be_v too_o long_a a_o make_n than_o that_o it_o will_v grow_v four_o too_o soon_o i_o put_v the_o remainder_n of_o the_o
a_o new_a digester_n or_o engine_n for_o soften_a bone_n contain_v the_o description_n of_o its_o make_n and_o use_v in_o these_o particular_n viz._n cookery_n voyages_n at_o sea_n confectionary_a make_v of_o drink_n chemistry_n and_o die_v with_o a_o account_n of_o the_o price_n a_o good_a big_a engine_n will_v cost_v and_o of_o the_o profit_n it_o will_v afford_v by_o denys_n papin_n m.d._n fellow_n of_o the_o royal_a society_n london_n print_v by_o j._n m._n for_o henry_n bonwicke_n at_o the_o red_a lion_n in_o s._n paul_n church_n yard_n 1681._o at_o a_o meeting_n of_o the_o council_n of_o the_o royal_a society_n decemb._n 8_o 1680._o ordered_n that_o a_o book_n entitle_v a_o new_a digester_n or_o engine_n for_o soften_a bone_n etc._n etc._n write_a by_o denys_n papin_n doctor_n of_o physic_n and_o fellow_n of_o this_o society_n be_v print_v and_o publish_v chr._n wren_n to_o the_o most_o illustrious_a the_o royal_a society_n most_o honour_a sir_n the_o favourable_a acceptance_n you_o give_v to_o all_o those_o who_o according_a to_o your_o institution_n be_v studious_a to_o increase_v both_o natural_a knowledge_n and_o the_o commodity_n of_o humane_a life_n have_v encourage_v i_o to_o present_v you_o with_o these_o experiment_n as_o my_o best_a endeavour_n to_o follow_v your_o example_n i_o confess_v they_o be_v nothing_o near_o deserve_v to_o be_v offer_v to_o such_o sagacious_a wit_n but_o i_o have_v see_v how_o quick_o and_o easy_o you_o distinguish_v between_o good_a and_o bad_a in_o all_o manner_n of_o write_n and_o how_o kind_o you_o bear_v with_o the_o defect_n of_o those_o who_o design_n be_v good_a i_o hope_v therefore_o you_o will_v be_v please_v to_o honour_v this_o small_a treatise_n with_o your_o protection_n and_o give_v i_o leave_v to_o profess_v myself_o with_o all_o imaginable_a respect_n most_o honour_a sir_n your_o most_o humble_a and_o most_o obedient_a servant_n d._n papin_n preface_n some_o experiment_n of_o the_o screw_v balneum_fw-la mariae_fw-la have_v already_o be_v print_v in_o the_o second_o continuation_n of_o the_o physico-mechanical_a experiment_n of_o the_o honourable_a r._n boyle_n put_v forth_o this_o year_n 1680._o but_o that_o book_n be_v write_v in_o latin_a and_o not_o give_v the_o description_n of_o the_o engine_n nor_o the_o way_n how_o to_o use_v it_o safe_o for_o want_v of_o sufficient_a trial_n i_o think_v it_o will_v not_o be_v improper_a now_o to_o make_v upon_o that_o subject_a a_o separate_a treatise_n in_o the_o vulgar_a tongue_n for_o the_o use_n of_o such_o housekeeper_n and_o tradesman_n as_o may_v have_v occasion_n for_o it_o have_v therefore_o reason_n to_o believe_v that_o this_o piece_n may_v fall_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o divers_a person_n that_o will_v never_o read_v the_o history_n of_o the_o royal_a society_n nor_o mr._n boyle_n book_n about_o the_o usefulness_n of_o experimental_a philosophy_n i_o think_v this_o to_o be_v a_o very_a fit_a place_n to_o undeceive_v those_o that_o imagine_v it_o to_o be_v a_o folly_n to_o look_v for_o new_a discovery_n and_o that_o all_o thing_n be_v already_o find_v out_o for_o the_o confute_v this_o error_n i_o will_v take_v nothing_o but_o from_o my_o subject_n and_o even_o among_o several_a instance_n it_o afford_v i_o will_v use_v but_o one_o therefore_o i_o shall_v only_o say_v that_o cookery_n be_v such_o a_o ancient_a art_n the_o use_n whereof_o be_v so_o general_a and_o so_o frequent_a and_o people_n have_v be_v so_o earnest_a upon_o the_o improve_n of_o it_o that_o it_o seem_v if_o any_o can_v be_v bring_v to_o perfection_n this_o shall_v be_v it_o nevertheless_o no_o body_n can_v deny_v but_o it_o will_v be_v now_o considerable_o improve_v see_v by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o engine_n here_o treat_v of_o the_o old_a and_o hard_a cow-beef_n may_v be_v make_v as_o tender_v and_o as_o savoury_a as_o young_a and_o choice_a meat_n i_o may_v beside_o say_v that_o this_o be_v no_o hard_a matter_n for_o every_o one_o know_v that_o compact_a body_n if_o hot_a will_v burn_v more_o powerful_o than_o those_o of_o a_o more_o rare_a contexture_n that_o red-hot_a iron_n for_o example_n will_v do_v more_o than_o coal_n so_o there_o be_v no_o question_n but_o that_o water_n be_v heat_v enough_o for_o boil_v and_o shut_v up_o so_o as_o not_o to_o be_v able_a to_o expand_v itself_o as_o by_o ebullition_n it_o do_v such_o water_n i_o say_v will_v effect_v much_o more_o than_o if_o permit_v to_o its_o ordinary_a boil_a expansion_n for_o my_o part_n assoon_o as_o this_o come_v into_o my_o mind_n by_o make_v some_o experiment_n about_o compression_n for_o mr._n boyle_n i_o think_v it_o so_o certain_a that_o i_o make_v no_o question_n to_o undertake_v that_o trial_n yet_o though_o the_o thing_n be_v so_o easy_a no_o body_n that_o i_o know_v of_o have_v any_o thought_n of_o it_o many_o learned_a man_n have_v do_v and_o do_v still_o thing_n of_o much_o more_o difficulty_n but_o no_o body_n can_v see_v all_o thing_n therefore_o we_o must_v confess_v that_o there_o may_v still_o remain_v discovery_n to_o be_v make_v by_o small_a as_o well_o as_o great_a capacity_n and_o no_o man_n that_o industrious_o prosecute_v a_o subject_a though_o seem_o never_o so_o trivial_a need_v despair_n of_o obtain_v that_o great_a felicity_n of_o have_v make_v some_o discovery_n the_o usefulness_n whereof_o may_v recommend_v it_o to_o posterity_n index_n how_o to_o know_v the_o quantity_n of_o pressure_n in_o the_o digester_n pag._n 2_o how_o to_o know_v the_o degree_n of_o heat_n pag._n 4_o meat_n may_v be_v keep_v upon_o the_o fire_n three_o time_n as_o long_o as_o be_v necessary_a to_o make_v it_o ready_a and_o yet_o it_o will_v not_o be_v spoil_v pag._n 9_o 10_o the_o same_o experiment_n make_v upon_o bone_n pag._n 11_o how_o to_o boil_v mutton_n pag._n 8_o how_o to_o boil_v beef_n pag._n 9_o how_o to_o boil_v lamb_n pag._n 13_o how_o to_o boil_v rabbit_n pag._n 15_o how_o to_o boil_v pigeon_n ibid._n how_o to_o boil_v fish_n pag._n 17_o how_o to_o boil_v pulse_n pag._n 19_o how_o to_o make_v jelly_n very_o cheap_a pag._n 21_o glue_n for_o glass_n pag._n 25_o hartshorn_n turn_v like_o parmezan_n cheese_n pag._n 28_o a_o macquerel_n keep_v without_o salt_n pag._n 29_o salt_n water_n as_o good_a for_o nourishment_n as_o fresh_a water_n pag._n 30_o to_o make_v sweetmeat_n at_o a_o cheap_a rate_n and_o of_o a_o new_a taste_n pag._n 32_o 33_o 34_o to_o make_v two_o sort_n of_o drink_n with_o the_o same_o fruit_n pag._n 35_o 36_o 37_o to_o make_v a_o new_a kind_n of_o wine_n pag._n 37_o tincture_n draw_v in_o the_o hundred_o part_n of_o the_o time_n usual_o require_v for_o they_o pag._n 39_o new_a way_n for_o distil_v pag._n 40_o 41_o 42_o how_o to_o hatch_n chicken_n pag._n 44_o how_o to_o save_v the_o labour_n of_o grind_a cochenille_n pag._n 47_o to_o die_v with_o thick_a juyee_n pag._n 48_o to_o make_v horn_n and_o tortoise-shell_n soft_a for_o a_o great_a while_n pag._n 50_o errata_fw-la page_n 1._o line_n 19_o for_o gg_n read_v gg_n fig._n 2._o p._n 3._o l._n â—_o for_o lg_n r._n lq_n p._n 16._o l._n 32._o for_o exper._n 3._o r._n exper._n 2._o p._n 20._o l._n 13._o for_o chap._n 3._o r._n chap_n 〈◊〉_d p._n 45._o l._n 3._o for_o other_o glass_n r._n wether_n glass_n p._n 48._o l._n 35._o the_o paragraph_n to_o 〈◊〉_d at_o because_n and_o a_o comma_n after_o taste_n chap._n i._n the_o description_n of_o the_o engine_n and_o how_o to_o use_v it_o safe_o aa_n be_v a_o brass_n cylinder_n hollow_o within_o shut_v up_o at_o the_o bottom_n and_o open_a at_o the_o top_n bb._n be_v another_o hollow_a cylinder_n of_o the_o same_o bigness_n as_o the_o other_o but_o much_o short_a be_v to_o cover_v and_o shut_v the_o same_o by_o apply_v both_o their_o aperture_n to_o one_o another_o as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o the_o scheme_n cc._o be_v two_o appendix_n or_o ear_n cast_v to_o the_o cylinder_n aa_n as_o the_o tronion_o of_o a_o piece_n of_o ordnance_n dddd_n be_v two_o piece_n of_o iron_n put_v upon_o the_o appendix_n cc._o at_o one_o end_n and_o the_o iron_n bar_n i_fw-mi at_o the_o other_o i_fw-mi be_v a_o iron_n bar_v put_v through_o the_o end_n of_o the_o iron_n piece_n dd._n and_o so_o may_v easy_o be_v take_v off_o or_o put_v on_o when_o we_o have_v a_o mind_n either_o to_o open_v or_o to_o shut_v up_o the_o engine_n ff_n be_v two_o screw_n which_o be_v sit_v to_o the_o hole_n in_o the_o bar_n i_fw-mi serve_v to_o press_v both_o the_o cylinder_v aa_n bb._n against_o one_o another_o gg_n be_v another_o hollow_a cylinder_n make_v of_o glass_n pewter_n or_o some_o other_o material_a fit_a to_o receive_v those_o thing_n that_o be_v to_o be_v boil_v this_o be_v fill_v and_o stop_v with_o a_o cover_n
lie_v in_o the_o water_n and_o those_o that_o will_v be_v at_o the_o top_n of_o they_o above_o the_o water_n i_o kindle_v the_o fire_n so_o as_o to_o dry_v away_o the_o drop_n of_o water_n in_o 5_o second_o and_o the_o inward_a pressure_n ten_o time_n strong_a than_o the_o ordinary_a pressure_n of_o the_o air_n i_o take_v away_o the_o fire_n present_o and_o the_o vessel_n be_v cool_v i_o find_v all_o the_o bean_n very_o soft_a and_o no_o difference_n between_o those_o that_o have_v be_v boil_v twice_o and_o those_o that_o have_v be_v but_o once_o but_o those_o at_o the_o top_n be_v full_a of_o wrinkle_n and_o more_o savoury_a than_o those_o in_o the_o bottom_n which_o be_v swell_v with_o water_n the_o skin_n be_v very_o soft_a except_o a_o very_a thin_a one_o which_o be_v somewhat_o hard_a so_o that_o it_o will_v be_v needless_a to_o take_v off_o the_o skin_n of_o such_o bean_n by_o this_o experiment_n i_o be_v more-confirmed_n that_o aliment_n in_o this_o engine_n may_v when_o they_o be_v ready_a be_v keep_v upon_o the_o fire_n a_o great_a while_n without_o danger_n propriety_n in_o the_o abovementioned_a experiment_n i_o be_v careful_a not_o to_o lay_v upon_o the_o rod_n lm_o more_o weight_n than_o be_v necessary_a to_o make_v the_o inward_a pressure_n ten_o time_n strong_a than_o the_o ordinary_a pressure_n of_o the_o air_n so_o that_o the_o balneum_fw-la mariae_fw-la be_v pretty_a hot_a the_o great_a quantity_n of_o water_n be_v able_a to_o lift_v up_o the_o little_a valve_n at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o pipe_n hh_v and_o it_o run_v slow_o that_o way_n till_o i_o take_v off_o the_o fire_n but_o when_o the_o fire_n be_v quite_o out_o nothing_o more_o can_v get_v out_o though_o the_o heat_n be_v still_o such_o as_o to_o dry_v away_o the_o drop_n of_o water_n in_o 5_o seconds_z so_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o the_o remain_a water_n have_v now_o room_n enough_o in_o the_o engine_n to_o expand_v itself_o and_o that_o such_o a_o degree_n of_o heat_n can_v not_o make_v it_o press_v strong_a than_o ten_o ordinary_a pressure_n of_o the_o air._n therefore_o i_o be_v desirous_a to_o see_v how_o large_a that_o room_n ought_v to_o be_v to_o that_o end_n i_o open_v my_o engine_n with_o so_o much_o wariness_n that_o i_o lose_v no_o water_n and_o have_v weigh_v all_o that_o i_o find_v in_o it_o i_o see_v that_o there_o have_v be_v lose_v 〈◊〉_d or_o little_a less_o because_o out_o of_o eight_o ounce_n which_o i_o have_v first_o put_v into_o it_o i_o find_v above_o seven_o remain_v therefore_o we_o may_v reckon_v this_o among_o the_o propriety_n of_o this_o engine_n that_o if_o we_o put_v into_o it_o of_o the_o water_n it_o can_v hold_v and_o make_v such_o a_o heat_n as_o to_o dry_v away_o the_o drop_n of_o water_n in_o 5_o second_o the_o inward_a pressure_n shall_v be_v ten_o time_n strong_a than_o the_o ordinary_a pressure_n of_o the_o air._n after_o that_o same_o way_n one_o may_v find_v by_o experience_n how_o much_o room_n must_v be_v leave_v empty_a for_o any_o other_o pressure_n and_o for_o any_o other_o degree_n of_o heat_n we_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o make_v and_o that_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o know_v at_o sea_n as_o i_o have_v say_v chap._n 2._o experim._n xvii_o july_n 15._o i_o put_v some_o green_a pease_n into_o two_o little_a glass-pot_n and_o pour_v water_n into_o one_o of_o they_o almost_o enough_o to_o cover_v the_o pease_n into_o the_o other_o i_o pour_v no_o water_n i_o press_v the_o fire_n till_o the_o drop_n of_o water_n will_v dry_v away_o in_o 4_o second_o and_o the_o inward_a pressure_n be_v ten_o time_n as_o strong_a as_o the_o ordinary_a pressure_n of_o the_o air._n i_o take_v off_o the_o fire_n and_o the_o vessel_n be_v cool_v i_o find_v the_o pease_n extreme_o well_o soften_v those_o without_o water_n have_v give_v juice_n almost_o enough_o to_o cover_v they_o their_o colour_n be_v of_o a_o dark_a red_a and_o their_o smell_n and_o taste_n have_v somewhat_o of_o burn_a in_o the_o other_o pot_n the_o pease_n be_v green_a still_o and_o have_v a_o very_a good_a taste_n but_o not_o so_o high_a as_o those_o without_o water_n have_v meit_v some_o fresh_a butter_n the_o taste_n of_o the_o pease_n without_o water_n do_v not_o seem_v to_o i_o too_o strong_a with_o such_o a_o sauce_n i_o like_v they_o better_o than_o the_o other_o yet_o it_o will_v be_v better_a not_o to_o boil_v pease_n so_o much_o these_o have_v endure_v so_o much_o heat_n as_o will_v soften_v bone_n the_o pease_n which_o i_o have_v put_v in_o with_o the_o cod_n be_v very_o soft_a and_o good_a but_o the_o inner_a rind_n of_o the_o cod_n be_v not_o at_o all_o alter_v though_o they_o have_v endure_v so_o much_o heat_n this_o experiment_n seem_v to_o prove_v that_o water_n be_v the_o best_a thing_n to_o hinder_v the_o burn_a of_o the_o pease_n but_o i_o believe_v that_o if_o many_o other_o thing_n be_v add_v to_o fill_v up_o the_o space_n between_o the_o pease_n it_o will_v do_v as_o well_o for_o that_o purpose_n for_o i_o have_v try_v another_o time_n that_o have_v boil_v goose-berry_n at_o the_o same_o time_n in_o the_o same_o pot_n both_o without_o water_n with_o this_o only_a difference_n that_o in_o one_o pot_n the_o goose-berry_n be_v entire_a and_o in_o the_o other_o they_o be_v bruise_v it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o entire_a one_o have_v contract_v much_o empyreume_n though_o their_o glass_n be_v much_o empty_a and_o so_o the_o pressure_n in_o it_o can_v not_o be_v so_o great_a but_o those_o that_o be_v bruise_v and_o do_v fill_v up_o the_o pot_n with_o their_o own_o juice_n have_v no_o taste_n of_o burn_a therefore_o i_o will_v advise_v you_o for_o the_o better_a success_n of_o this_o experiment_n to_o fill_v up_o the_o space_n with_o the_o juice_n of_o other_o pease_n because_o be_v already_o satiate_v with_o the_o taste_n of_o the_o pease_n it_o will_v not_o rob_v those_o new_a one_o that_o be_v to_o be_v boil_v in_o it_o this_o experiment_n show_v that_o many_o digestion_n may_v be_v perfect_v a_o great_a deal_n better_o in_o this_o engine_n where_o we_o may_v fill_v up_o the_o glass_n than_o in_o the_o ordinary_a way_n where_o much_o room_n must_v be_v leave_v empty_a it_o may_v also_o suggest_v good_a thought_n about_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o empyreume_n but_o it_o be_v better_a to_o stay_v for_o further_a trial_n chap._n iii_o experiment_n for_o voyage_n at_o sea_n experim._n i._n the_o great_a inconveniency_n in_o long_a voyage_n at_o sea_n come_v according_a to_o the_o most_o common_a opinion_n from_o the_o victual_n which_o have_v be_v keep_v fault_v a_o great_a while_n have_v lose_v their_o volatile_a and_o spirituous_a part_n so_o that_o the_o remain_v gross_a and_o terrestrial_a one_o be_v apt_a to_o make_v a_o gross_a and_o terrestrial_a blood_n which_o cause_v the_o scurvy_a therefore_o it_o be_v likely_a that_o jelly_n be_v make_v of_o volatile_a part_n and_o easy_a to_o be_v digest_v will_v be_v apt_a to_o correct_v that_o defect_n of_o the_o salt_n meat_n but_o they_o use_v to_o be_v so_o dear_a and_o so_o hard_a to_o be_v make_v that_o it_o be_v rare_a to_o get_v any_o at_o sea_n this_o make_v i_o believe_v that_o it_o will_v be_v a_o good_a thing_n to_o find_v a_o way_n how_o to_o make_v they_o every_o where_o easy_a and_o cheap_a therefore_o june_n 18._o i_o take_v beef-bone_n that_o have_v never_o be_v boil_v but_o keep_v dry_v a_o long_a time_n and_o of_o the_o hard_a part_n of_o the_o leg_n these_o be_v put_v into_o a_o little_a glass-pot_n with_o water_n i_o include_v in_o the_o engine_n together_o with_o another_o little_a glass-pot_n full_a with_o bone_n and_o water_n too_o but_o in_o this_o the_o bone_n be_v rib_n and_o have_v be_v boil_v already_o have_v press_v the_o fire_n till_o the_o drop_n of_o water_n will_v dry_v away_o in_o 3_o second_o and_o ten_o pressure_n i_o take_v off_o the_o fire_n and_o the_o vessel_n be_v cool_v i_o find_v very_o good_a jelly_n in_o both_o my_o pot_n but_o that_o which_o be_v make_v out_o of_o rib_n have_v a_o kind_n of_o a_o red_a colour_n which_o i_o believe_v may_v proceed_v from_o the_o medullar_n part_n the_o other_o jelly_n be_v without_o taste_n or_o colour_n like_o hartshorn_n jelly_n therefore_o i_o do_v not_o see_v any_o reason_n why_o it_o shall_v not_o have_v the_o same_o effect_n and_o i_o may_v say_v that_o have_v season_v it_o with_o sugar_n and_o juice_n of_o lemmon_n i_o do_v eat_v it_o with_o as_o much_o pleasure_n and_o find_v it_o as_o stomachical_a as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v jelly_n of_o hartshorn_n though_o this_o experiment_n be_v most_o necessary_a at_o sea_n yet_o it_o will_v be_v very_o useful_a
upon_o land_n too_o jelly_n be_v every_o where_o good_a for_o several_a disease_n it_o will_v be_v very_o convenient_a to_o be_v able_a to_o make_v easy_o for_o one_o penny_n more_o than_o we_o can_v buy_v for_o a_o shilling_n experim._n ii_o i_o fill_v again_o a_o glass-pot_n with_o water_n and_o some_o of_o the_o hard_a bone_n of_o a_o leg_n of_o beef_n in_o another_o glass-pot_n i_o put_v the_o bone_n of_o a_o breast_n of_o mutton_n that_o have_v be_v boil_v already_o but_o not_o soften_v have_v shut_v they_o both_o in_o the_o same_o frame_n so_o that_o one_o be_v not_o more_o constrain_v than_o the_o other_o and_o have_v enclose_v they_o in_o balneo_fw-la mariae_fw-la i_o press_v the_o fire_n till_o the_o drop_n of_o water_n will_v dry_v away_o in_o 9_o second_n but_o than_o it_o fall_v out_o that_o the_o little_a valve_fw-mi p_o not_o hold_v because_o i_o have_v put_v leather_n to_o it_o all_o the_o water_n from_o the_o balneum_fw-la mariae_fw-la get_v out_o with_o so_o much_o violence_n that_o i_o be_v surprise_v at_o it_o yet_o this_o last_v about_o a_o minute_n because_o the_o aperture_n be_v but_o little_a no_o question_n but_o at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o water_n in_o the_o pot_n do_v expand_v itself_o too_o and_o run_v over_o for_o i_o find_v they_o much_o empty_v yet_o they_o do_v differ_v from_o one_o another_o because_o the_o liquor_n with_o mutton-bone_n turn_v to_o a_o strong_a jelly_n though_o the_o bone_n be_v not_o soften_v but_o in_o some_o extreme_a part_n and_o that_o jelly_n do_v weigh_v but_o 〈◊〉_d less_o than_o the_o water_n i_o have_v put_v to_o it_o in_o the_o other_o pot_n the_o bone_n be_v not_o soften_v at_o all_o the_o liquor_n will_v never_o congeal_v only_o it_o be_v a_o little_o thick_a and_o there_o have_v be_v above_o ¾_n of_o it_o spill_v though_o this_o pot_n have_v its_o brim_n a_o great_a deal_n high_o than_o the_o other_o this_o experiment_n make_v i_o believe_v 1._o that_o it_o will_v be_v better_o still_o to_o provide_v mutton-bone_n than_o beef-bone_n 2._o that_o it_o will_v be_v to_o no_o purpose_n to_o undertake_v after_o the_o ordinary_a way_n to_o make_v beef-bone_n jelly_n because_o it_o require_v such_o a_o great_a heat_n and_o so_o much_o water_n will_v be_v lose_v by_o evaporation_n 3._o that_o jelly_n be_v of_o a_o contexture_n much_o more_o difficult_a to_o be_v evaporate_v than_o ordinary_a water_n experim._n iii_o june_n 23._o i_o put_v the_o same_o beef-bone_n into_o the_o same_o pot_n with_o new_a water_n and_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o water_n be_v as_o much_o again_o as_o that_o of_o the_o bone_n in_o the_o other_o pot_n i_o put_v gristle_n with_o double_a their_o weight_n of_o water_n too_o have_v increase_v the_o fire_n till_o the_o drop_n of_o water_n will_v dry_v away_o in_o 3_o second_o and_o the_o inward_a pressure_n ten_o time_n strong_a than_o the_o ordinary_a pressure_n of_o the_o air_n i_o keep_v the_o fire_n so_o for_o four_o or_o five_o minute_n more_o and_o then_o i_o take_v it_o off_o and_o the_o vessel_n be_v cool_v i_o find_v the_o bone_n pretty_a brittle_a but_o the_o liquor_n be_v not_o thick_a enough_o to_o be_v call_v jelly_n yet_o i_o believe_v if_o that_o which_o have_v be_v spend_v in_o the_o former_a boil_v have_v be_v there_o still_o the_o jelly_n have_v be_v strong_a enough_o the_o grisle_n in_o the_o other_o pot_n be_v almost_o quite_o melt_v down_o and_o be_v turn_v to_o a_o strong_a jelly_n from_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o pot_n to_o the_o middle_n of_o it_o but_o above_o that_o the_o liquor_n be_v no_o thick_a than_o in_o the_o other_o pot._n this_o experiment_n make_v i_o think_v 1._o that_o one_o pound_n of_o beef-bone_n may_v afford_v about_o two_o pound_n of_o jelly_n 2._o that_o it_o will_v be_v better_a to_o provide_v grisle_n because_o they_o be_v whole_o glutinous_a and_o will_v dissolve_v in_o water_n but_o because_o water_n be_v not_o so_o heavy_a the_o grisle_n will_v sink_v and_o stay_v in_o the_o bottom_n and_o imbibe_n just_a as_o much_o water_n as_o be_v necessary_a to_o make_v a_o jelly_n 3._o that_o it_o be_v the_o cement_n that_o unite_v the_o part_n of_o the_o bone_n which_o be_v dissolve_v in_o the_o water_n to_o make_v it_o a_o jelly_n since_o after_o that_o the_o bone_n remain_v brittle_a experim._n iu._n june_n 29._o i_o put_v more_o bone_n into_o two_o little_a glass-pot_n than_o be_v necessary_a to_o congeal_v the_o water_n they_o be_v in_o one_o be_v with_o beef-bone_n the_o other_o with_o mutton-bone_n i_o increase_v the_o fire_n till_o the_o drop_n of_o water_n do_v dry_a away_o in_o 3_o second_o with_o the_o inward_a pressure_n ten_o time_n strong_a than_o the_o ordinary_a pressure_n of_o the_o air._n i_o keep_v the_o fire_n to_o that_o degree_n about_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n and_o then_o take_v off_o but_o part_n of_o it_o leave_v the_o rest_n to_o keep_v the_o heat_n yet_o long_o the_o vessel_n be_v cool_v i_o find_v very_o good_a broth_n without_o empyreume_n in_o both_o the_o pot_n but_o it_o do_v not_o turn_v to_o jelly_n which_o i_o think_v can_v not_o proceed_v but_o from_o too_o much_o boil_a since_o in_o the_o former_a experiment_n with_o less_o bone_n and_o less_o heat_n i_o have_v get_v a_o strong_a jelly_n from_o this_o experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o degree_n of_o heat_n be_v much_o to_o be_v observe_v to_o make_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o jelly_n and_o that_o it_o be_v not_o enough_o to_o keep_v it_o from_o burn_v for_o it_o may_v for_o all_o that_o be_v much_o overdo_v now_o that_o degree_n of_o heat_n which_o be_v best_a of_o all_o can_v be_v find_v but_o by_o several_a experiment_n experim._n v._n june_n 29._o i_o put_v beef-bone_n into_o one_o of_o the_o little_a glass-pot_n with_o a_o equal_a weight_n of_o water_n into_o the_o other_o i_o put_v as_o much_o ivory_n as_o i_o can_v with_o water_n to_o fill_v up_o the_o chink_n i_o blow_v up_o the_o fire_n till_o the_o drop_n of_o water_n will_v dry_v away_o in_o 6_o second_n with_o the_o inward_a pressure_n twelve_o time_n as_o great_a as_o the_o ordinary_a pressure_n of_o the_o air_n then_o i_o take_v off_o the_o fire_n as_o fast_o as_o i_o can_v and_o the_o vessel_n be_v cool_v i_o find_v that_o the_o pot_n with_o ivory_n have_v be_v break_v because_o the_o ivory_n that_o be_v crowd_v in_o it_o swell_v by_o humidity_n and_o heat_n have_v be_v strong_a than_o the_o pot_n the_o ivory_n be_v grow_v brittle_a in_o the_o other_o pot_n the_o bone_n be_v not_o soften_v yet_o but_o in_o some_o apophysis_n the_o liquor_n be_v not_o congeal_v neither_o except_o in_o the_o bottom_n but_o the_o next_o day_n be_v a_o little_o cool_a i_o find_v it_o turn_v all_o to_o a_o jelly_n and_o i_o pour_v it_o upon_o several_a glass_n plate_n that_o it_o may_v dry_v the_o next_o day_n july_n 1._o though_o it_o have_v be_v evaporate_n 24_o hour_n i_o find_v it_o melt_v again_o because_o as_o i_o think_v the_o weather_n be_v a_o little_o warm_a i_o use_v it_o to_o glue_v a_o break_a glass_n which_o do_v since_o that_o time_n hold_v very_o well_o and_o can_v be_v wash_v as_o well_o as_o if_o it_o have_v never_o be_v break_v from_o this_o experiment_n i_o judge_v 1._o that_o the_o heat_n have_v be_v too_o weak_a as_o in_o the_o forego_n it_o have_v be_v too_o strong_a and_o so_o to_o bring_v the_o bone_n to_o a_o good_a jelly_n the_o fire_n shall_v be_v augment_v as_o in_o exper._n 1._o or_o thereabouts_o 2._o i_o be_v more_o full_o persuade_v that_o it_o be_v the_o glue_n of_o the_o bone_n which_o be_v dissolve_v to_o make_v jelly_n 3._o i_o find_v that_o very_o few_o glutinous_a part_n be_v sufficient_a to_o congeal_v much_o water_n for_o though_o this_o have_v be_v congeal_v in_o summertime_n in_o a_o garret_n yet_o when_o it_o be_v dry_v i_o have_v so_o small_a a_o quantity_n of_o glue_n remain_v that_o i_o be_v surprise_v at_o it_o 4._o i_o find_v that_o a_o very_a little_a heat_n be_v enough_o to_o hinder_v these_o congelation_n and_o therefore_o in_o all_o appearance_n the_o quantity_n of_o jelly_n will_v be_v much_o great_a in_o winter_n than_o in_o summertime_n from_o the_o same_o quantity_n of_o material_n 5._o that_o such_o congelation_n be_v very_o differ_v from_o those_o that_o be_v make_v mere_o by_o cold_a since_o the_o ice_n swim_v at_o the_o top_n but_o jelly_n sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o water_n to_o use_v the_o glue_n here_o speak_v of_o it_o must_v be_v keep_v clean_o and_o when_o we_o have_v occasion_n to_o use_v it_o we_o must_v dissolve_v some_o of_o it_o with_o three_o or_o four_o drop_n of_o clean_a water_n to_o wet_v the_o brim_n
squeeze_a goose-berry_n into_o another_o glass_n with_o water_n and_o a_o little_a sugar_n this_o in_o less_o than_o 24_o hour_n begin_v to_o ferment_n very_o violent_o and_o in_o a_o fortnight_n the_o liquor_n be_v pretty_a well_o clarify_v and_o good_a to_o drink_v but_o not_o so_o strong_a as_o that_o without_o water_n and_o i_o believe_v also_o it_o will_v have_v grow_v four_o in_o a_o short_a time_n this_o experiment_n be_v make_v by_o guess_n and_o without_o scale_n but_o i_o guest_n the_o fruit_n to_o have_v be_v about_o ½_n of_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o water_n and_o the_o sugar_n 〈◊〉_d from_o this_o experiment_n we_o see_v that_o the_o same_o fruit_n by_o mean_n of_o this_o engine_n may_v afford_v two_o sort_n of_o wine_n the_o one_o to_o keep_v long_o and_o the_o other_o to_o drink_v quick_o experim._n iii_o august_n 5._o i_o take_v some_o of_o the_o juice_n of_o the_o goose-berry_n abovementioned_a in_o the_o time_n it_o do_v ferment_n most_o brisk_o and_o have_v put_v it_o into_o a_o little_a glass-pot_n and_o then_o in_o the_o engine_n i_o continue_v the_o fire_n till_o the_o drop_n of_o water_n will_v dry_v away_o in_o 10_o second_o with_o a_o inward_a pressure_n three_o time_n strong_a than_o the_o ordinary_a pressure_n of_o the_o air._n i_o find_v that_o the_o liquor_n have_v get_v a_o taste_n near_o to_o that_o they_o call_v in_o france_n raisiné_fw-fr and_o it_o be_v please_v to_o drink_v and_o apt_a to_o quench_v thirst_n then_o that_o i_o may_v know_v whether_o the_o liquor_n have_v be_v much_o alter_v by_o boil_v in_o the_o engine_n i_o put_v some_o of_o it_o into_o a_o little_a glass_n and_o take_v some_o also_o out_o of_o the_o great_a bottle_n that_o be_v a_o ferment_a and_o have_v put_v it_o into_o another_o glass_n i_o include_v they_o both_o at_o the_o same_o time_n in_o vacuo_fw-la and_o find_v that_o the_o liquor_n which_o i_o have_v set_v upon_o the_o fire_n during_o its_o fermentation_n do_v not_o bubble_v so_o much_o as_o common_a water_n will_v do_v but_o the_o other_o liquor_n do_v at_o the_o very_a first_o suction_n rise_v all_o into_o bubble_n from_o this_o experiment_n i_o guess_v 1._o that_o by_o boil_v a_o liquor_n whilst_o it_o ferment_n we_o may_v quick_o take_v away_o the_o ill_a quality_n it_o have_v to_o generate_v wind_n and_o cause_n pain_n in_o the_o belly_n 2._o that_o such_o a_o liquor_n will_v not_o hurt_v the_o head_n neither_o as_o wine_n do_v because_o the_o spirit_n be_v not_o yet_o quite_o so_o loose_a as_o they_o be_v in_o wine_n and_o this_o appear_v because_o the_o wine_n boil_v in_o some_o measure_n in_o vacuo_fw-la boyliano_fw-it but_o this_o liquor_n do_v hardly_o yield_v any_o little_a bubble_n 3._o that_o such_o a_o liquor_n will_v not_o easy_o die_v since_o the_o spirit_n can_v so_o hardly_o extricate_v themselves_o and_o last_o i_o be_o very_o apt_a to_o believe_v that_o it_o will_v be_v a_o good_a nourish_a and_o strengthen_v drink_n since_o bread_n be_v reckon_v to_o be_v the_o staff_n of_o life_n which_o be_v put_v into_o the_o oven_n even_o during_o its_o fermentation_n yet_o we_o must_v expect_v further_a experiment_n before_o we_o can_v have_v any_o certainty_n of_o it_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n we_o may_v be_v sure_a that_o such_o drink_n may_v be_v get_v ready_a pretty_a soon_o experim._n iu._n august_n 17._o i_o take_v juice_n of_o plum_n distil_v after_o the_o manner_n to_o be_v describe_v chap._n 6._o exper._n 3._o and_o because_o it_o be_v thick_a than_o that_o which_o be_v draw_v without_o distil_v for_o the_o juice_n which_o remain_v in_o the_o heat_n with_o the_o fruit_n be_v thereby_o continual_o attenuate_v i_o think_v i_o shall_v use_v more_o heat_n to_o attenuate_v the_o same_o therefore_o have_v shut_v it_o after_o the_o ordinary_a way_n i_o continue_v the_o fire_n till_o the_o drop_n of_o water_n will_v dry_v away_o in_o less_o than_o 2_o second_n with_o a_o inward_a pressure_n twelve_o time_n strong_a than_o the_o ordinary_a pressure_n of_o the_o air_n i_o take_v away_o the_o fire_n and_o the_o vessel_n be_v cool_v i_o find_v contrary_a to_o my_o expectation_n that_o the_o juice_n be_v become_v almost_o all_o solid_a from_o the_o top_n to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o pot_n and_o that_o it_o be_v turn_v into_o a_o black_a stuff_n much_o burn_v which_o can_v easy_o be_v powder_v between_o one_o finger_n yet_o there_o be_v many_o cavity_n full_a with_o a_o very_a fluid_fw-la liquor_n which_o have_v such_o a_o acrimony_n that_o the_o tongue_n can_v hardly_o endure_v it_o so_o that_o the_o heat_n do_v work_v upon_o that_o juice_n almost_o the_o same_o effect_n as_o the_o runnet_n do_v upon_o milk_n i_o have_v keep_v for_o two_o month_n together_o some_o of_o the_o same_o distil_a juice_n of_o plum_n and_o i_o find_v that_o it_o be_v not_o at_o all_o grow_v hard_o as_o that_o which_o have_v be_v in_o such_o a_o great_a heat_n be_v but_o it_o have_v ferment_v very_o little_a in_o comparison_n with_o those_o that_o be_v more_o sluid_a this_o experiment_n show_v that_o the_o degree_n of_o heat_n be_v to_o be_v well_o observe_v in_o make_v drink_n not_o to_o give_v too_o much_o nor_o too_o little_a and_o that_o distillation_n of_o juice_n may_v indeed_o prove_v very_o good_a to_o make_v clear_a cake_n jelly_n syrup_n etc._n etc._n but_o for_o drink_n ordinary_a boil_a as_o i_o have_v say_v of_o goose-berry_n will_v do_v better_o yet_o in_o time_n it_o may_v be_v such_o thick_a juice_n will_v make_v strong_a wine_n than_o thin_a one_o but_o i_o be_o afraid_a that_o will_v require_v many_o year_n experim._n v._n august_n 17_o 18_o etc._n etc._n i_o keep_v juice_n of_o plum_n to_o make_v the_o same_o experiment_n as_o i_o have_v say_v of_o goose_n berry_n but_o i_o think_v it_o needless_a to_o give_v the_o particular_n of_o they_o because_o i_o learn_v nothing_o new_a by_o they_o but_o that_o damson_n if_o they_o be_v not_o too_o ripe_a nor_o over-boiled_n will_v make_v wine_n much_o strong_a than_o goose-berry_n and_o that_o have_v mingle_v a_o little_a juice_n that_o be_v a_o ferment_a with_o a_o bottle_n of_o juice_n new_o draw_v this_o mixture_n do_v like_o a_o ferment_n hasten_v the_o fermentation_n in_o the_o say_a bottle_n chap._n vi_o experiment_n for_o chemist_n experim._n i._n jv_o 13._o dr._n slare_n fellow_n of_o the_o royal_a society_n have_v a_o mind_n to_o try_v whether_o the_o engine_n can_v not_o be_v useful_a to_o draw_v quick_o the_o most_o stubborn_a tincture_n in_o chemistry_n therefore_o we_o put_v into_o a_o little_a glass_n pot_n salt_n of_o tartar_n with_o rectify_a spirit_n of_o wine_n into_o another_o pot_n we_o put_v amber_n with_o some_o of_o the_o same_o spirit_n of_o wine_n we_o continue_v the_o fire_n till_o the_o drop_n of_o water_n will_v dry_v away_o in_o 3_o second_o with_o a_o inward_a pressure_n twelve_o time_n strong_a than_o the_o ordinary_a pressure_n of_o the_o air_n and_o then_o we_o do_v put_v it_o out_o present_o the_o vessel_n be_v cool_v we_o find_v in_o the_o first_o pot_n that_o the_o tincture_n of_o tartar_n be_v as_o strong_a as_o it_o can_v have_v be_v make_v in_o a_o month_n time_n after_o the_o ordinary_a way_n and_o its_o taste_n be_v lixivious_a in_o the_o other_o pot_n the_o tincture_n of_o amber_n be_v a_o great_a deal_n strong_a than_o usual_o it_o be_v experim._n ii_o july_n 15._o dr._n slare_n have_v also_o a_o mind_n to_o make_v a_o trial_n of_o the_o tincture_n of_o antimony_n the_o fire_n be_v light_v by_o 10_o 〈◊〉_d of_o the_o clock_n in_o the_o morning_n 1_o continue_v it_o till_o the_o drop_n of_o water_n will_v dry_v away_o in_o 2_o second_o with_o a_o inward_a pressure_n twelve_o time_n strong_a than_o the_o ordinary_a pressure_n of_o the_o air_n i_o take_v off_o some_o part_n of_o the_o fire_n so_o that_o the_o heat_n be_v diminish_v the_o drop_n of_o water_n do_v evaporate_v but_o in_o 3_o second_o and_o nothing_o can_v get_v out_o of_o the_o engine_n i_o keep_v the_o fire_n much_o about_o that_o same_o strength_n till_o 1_o in_o the_o afternoon_n than_o i_o leave_v it_o till_o about_o three_o of_o the_o clock_n at_o which_o time_n i_o find_v the_o vessel_n much_o cool_v and_o the_o fire_n almost_o out_o i_o light_v it_o again_o so_o that_o the_o drop_n of_o water_n will_v evaporate_v in_o 1_o 1_o â—_o second_o and_o then_o i_o see_v again_o something_o get_v out_o through_o the_o little_a valve_fw-mi p_o and_o i_o take_v off_o some_o of_o the_o fire_n till_o the_o drop_n of_o water_n will_v dry_v away_o but_o in_o 2_o second_o and_o then_o the_o engine_n be_v very_o right_o again_o i_o let_v the_o fire_n go_v out_o of_o itself_o and_o find_v that_o the_o vinegar_n have_v
cochenille_n will_v give_v all_o its_o tincture_n without_o be_v grind_v therefore_o he_o put_v three_o grain_n of_o cochenille_n very_o entire_a into_o a_o glass_n pot_n with_o three_o ounce_n and_o half_a of_o water_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n he_o put_v into_o another_o pot_n some_o coarse_a cochenille_n that_o be_v sell_v eight_o time_n cheap_a than_o the_o other_o and_o therefore_o he_o put_v eight_o time_n great_a quantity_n of_o it_o in_o proportion_n to_o the_o water_n have_v increase_v the_o fire_n as_o in_o the_o former_a trial_n with_o rubia_fw-la tinctorum_fw-la we_o find_v in_o the_o first_o glass_n that_o one_o of_o the_o grain_n of_o cochenille_n have_v be_v quite_o dissolve_v and_o that_o the_o two_o remain_v have_v lose_v all_o their_o colour_n and_o be_v turn_v black_a the_o liquor_n be_v of_o a_o fine_a red_a colour_n but_o in_o the_o second_o pot_n the_o tincture_n be_v strong_a and_o deep_a from_o this_o experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o by_o the_o help_n of_o this_o engine_n one_o may_v save_v all_o the_o labour_n of_o grind_v the_o cochenille_n and_o all_o the_o waste_n of_o it_o and_o perhaps_o coarse_a cochenille_n will_v give_v much_o more_o tincture_n than_o usual_o it_o do_v i_o make_v a_o trial_n with_o these_o liquor_n to_o know_v whether_o the_o pneumatick_a engine_n will_v help_v tincture_n to_o penetrate_v better_o into_o the_o cloth_n i_o put_v a_o piece_n of_o cloth_n into_o one_o of_o the_o liquor_n and_o have_v set_v it_o so_o in_o vacuo_fw-la i_o see_v according_a to_o my_o expectation_n that_o a_o great_a many_o bubble_n of_o air_n get_v out_o of_o the_o cloth_n so_o that_o i_o be_v in_o great_a hope_n that_o the_o tincture_n get_v into_o the_o place_n of_o that_o air_n will_v penetrate_v every_o where_n yet_o have_v let_v in_o the_o air_n again_o and_o express_v the_o humidity_n from_o the_o cloth_n i_o find_v that_o all_o the_o colour_n be_v go_v too_o from_o whence_o i_o conclude_v that_o it_o be_v not_o enough_o to_o have_v the_o colour_n insinuate_v between_o the_o hair_n of_o the_o cloth_n but_o that_o it_o must_v get_v into_o the_o hair_n themselves_o and_o this_o can_v be_v do_v unless_o all_o the_o little_a particle_n every_o hair_n be_v make_v of_o be_v rarify_v and_o expanded_a by_o heat_n which_o be_v much_o more_o powerful_a for_o that_o than_o any_o tacuum_n can_v be_v experim._n iu._n august_n 18._o i_o put_v two_o piece_n of_o cloth_n into_o two_o glass_n pot_n to_o one_o of_o they_o i_o add_v some_o tincture_n of_o coarse_a cochenille_n and_o to_o the_o other_o juuce_a of_o prune_n distil_v after_o the_o manner_n describe_v chap._n 6._o exper._n 3._o i_o press_v the_o fire_n till_o the_o drop_n of_o water_n will_v dry_v away_o in_o 42_o second_n with_o a_o inward_a pressure_n six_o time_n strong_a than_o the_o ordinary_a pressure_n of_o the_o air_n then_o i_o take_v off_o the_o sire_n quick_o for_o fear_v the_o cloth_n shall_v be_v spoil_v the_o vessel_n be_v cool_v i_o find_v both_o the_o piece_n of_o cloth_n good_a still_o and_o well_o die_v the_o juice_n of_o prune_n have_v penetrate_v as_o well_o as_o the_o tincture_n of_o cochenille_n but_o the_o tincture_n of_o it_o be_v of_o a_o deep_a red_a and_o near_o to_o a_o brown_a colour_n the_o juice_n itself_o be_v much_o alter_v for_o it_o be_v violet_n before_o it_o be_v grow_v also_o much_o more_o liquid_a and_o watery_a from_o this_o experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o this_o engine_n keep_v thing_n for_o a_o great_a while_n in_o a_o great_a heat_n without_o damage_n and_o hinder_v the_o most_o subtle_a part_n from_o get_v away_o as_o usual_o they_o do_v may_v be_v sit_v to_o insinuate_v into_o cloth_n such_o liquor_n as_o be_v reckon_v to_o be_v too_o thick_a and_o glutinous_a as_o the_o juice_n of_o plum_n be_v because_o for_o die_v there_o be_v no_o need_n of_o good_a taste_n mr._n mayre_n think_v there_o will_v be_v no_o need_n of_o a_o inward_a pot_n and_o so_o i_o believe_v the_o aperture_n of_o the_o outward_a engine_n may_v be_v leave_v lesser_a than_o the_o cavity_n as_o you_o may_v see_v fig._n 6._o yet_o if_o they_o will_v die_v cloth_n in_o it_o the_o aperture_n hh_n shall_v be_v leave_v wide_o enough_o to_o convey_v the_o cloth_n into_o the_o cavity_n aa_n and_o this_o engine_n shall_v also_o hang_v in_o aequilibrio_fw-la by_o its_o appendix_n cc_o for_o the_o conveniency_n of_o fill_v and_o empty_v the_o same_o chap._n viii_o experiment_n upon_o barde_a body_n as_o amber_n ivory_n etc._n etc._n ihave_v make_v other_o experiment_n upon_o hard_a body_n as_o amber_n ivory_n cow_n horn_n tortoise-shell_n but_o because_o i_o have_v find_v nothing_o yet_o that_o may_v be_v bring_v to_o use_v i_o will_v not_o be_v tedious_a in_o relate_v the_o particular_n of_o those_o experiment_n therefore_o i_o shall_v only_o set_v down_o some_o few_o observation_n which_o they_o afford_v 1._o amber_n can_v never_o be_v melt_v whatever_o degree_n of_o heat_n i_o make_v use_n of_o though_o i_o fill_v the_o engine_n with_o pitch_n and_o sand_n instead_o of_o water_n and_o i_o press_v the_o cover_n with_o eight_o screw_n instead_o of_o two_o i_o can_v indeed_o separate_v several_a substance_n from_o it_o as_o balsam_n fume_n and_o terrestreity_n but_o that_o can_v be_v call_v melt_v amber_n since_o it_o hathlost_a several_a propriety_n belong_v to_o amber_n for_o if_o we_o dissolve_v these_o substance_n with_o spirit_n of_o turpentine_n they_o can_v be_v bring_v to_o any_o considerable_a hardness_n by_o evaporate_n the_o spirit_n and_o a_o indifferent_a heat_n will_v soften_v they_o again_o 2._o mr._n boil_v have_v give_v i_o some_o copal_a gum_n to_o try_v what_o it_o will_v do_v i_o find_v indeed_o that_o it_o can_v be_v melt_v without_o be_v much_o alter_v but_o when_o i_o will_v apply_v the_o same_o to_o facilitate_v the_o melt_a of_o amber_n i_o find_v that_o it_o will_v not_o do_v i_o will_v for_o the_o same_o purpose_n make_v use_n of_o gum_n tragacanth_n mastich_n and_o rosin_n but_o it_o be_v all_o in_o vain_a so_o that_o i_o believe_v one_o may_v be_v sure_a that_o the_o melt_a of_o amber_n require_v a_o strong_a and_o quick_a heat_n than_o this_o engine_n can_v give_v 3._o though_o cow_n horn_n seem_v to_o be_v a_o more_o glutinous_a matter_n than_o bone_n be_v i_o can_v never_o make_v any_o jelly_n or_o glue_v with_o it_o though_o i_o have_v put_v the_o same_o over_o and_o over_o again_o in_o the_o engine_n upon_o the_o fire_n even_o four_o time_n successive_o 4._o i_o can_v never_o make_v ivory_n soft_a and_o glutinous_a though_o i_o have_v boil_v it_o several_a way_n and_o in_o several_a menstruum_n as_o grease_n oil_n beer_n and_o water_n i_o can_v draw_v a_o fine_a and_o transparent_a jelly_n from_o it_o but_o the_o body_n remain_v brittle_a 5._o tortoise-shell_n can_v be_v soften_v by_o boil_v in_o oil_n but_o in_o spirit_n of_o wine_n it_o swell_v and_o have_v a_o great_a many_o cavity_n like_o a_o sponge_n 6._o cow_n horn_n and_o 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may_v come_v to_o and_o of_o the_o profit_n it_o may_v afford_v because_o people_n be_v loath_a to_o meddle_v with_o new_a invention_n lest_o the_o expense_n shall_v be_v great_a than_o the_o profit_n to_o be_v get_v by_o they_o i_o will_v subjoin_v here_o a_o calculation_n of_o the_o price_n which_o a_o good_a engine_n may_v come_v to_o and_o of_o the_o profit_n that_o may_v be_v get_v by_o it_o i_o have_v be_v at_o a_o iron-monger_n house_n and_o there_o i_o cause_v a_o cast_a iron_n pipe_n to_o be_v weigh_v this_o be_v six_o inch_n in_o diameter_n and_o two_o foot_n long_o and_o without_o doubt_n strong_a enough_o to_o endure_v a_o inward_a pressure_n twenty_o time_n strong_a than_o the_o ordinary_a pressure_n of_o the_o air_n
this_o pipe_n i_o say_v do_v weigh_v but_o 57_o pound_n so_o that_o such_o another_o pipe_n 12_o inch_n in_o diameter_n and_o as_o strong_a proportionable_o to_o its_o bigness_n will_v weight_n but_o about_o 228_o pound_n but_o let_v a_o cover_a vessel_n weigh_v 250_o yet_o it_o will_v not_o come_v to_o 48_o shilling_n see_v the_o merchant_n can_v with_o good_a profit_n afford_v such_o metal_n at_o two_o penny_n half_a penny_n a_o pound_n now_o if_o the_o cover_n and_o the_o vessel_n be_v ground_n to_o one_o another_o and_o that_o in_o a_o country_n where_o workman_n be_v cheap_a the_o grind_n will_v scarce_o come_v to_o two_o shilling_n then_o the_o iron_n piece_n dd_v with_o four_o screw_n lest_o then_o shall_v not_o do_v enough_o and_o the_o iron_n rod_n lm_o may_v be_v afford_v much_o under_o five_o shilling_n especial_o if_o make_v in_o the_o country_n and_o in_o number_n five_o shilling_n will_v also_o be_v a_o great_a deal_n too_o much_o for_o set_v the_o pipe_n hh_v and_o sit_v a_o valve_n to_o it_o the_o inward_a pot_n gg_n of_o cast_a iron_n or_o glass_n or_o stone-pot_n may_v also_o be_v get_v under_o 20_o shilling_n strong_a enough_o and_o big_a enough_o to_o hold_v 80_o pound_n of_o water_n i_o confess_v it_o will_v be_v a_o hard_a matter_n to_o make_v a_o glass_n so_o big_a but_o instead_o of_o one_o they_o may_v make_v three_o or_o four_o to_o be_v set_v in_o the_o same_o frame_v one_o above_o the_o other_o so_o that_o we_o may_v be_v sure_a that_o a_o merchant_n may_v with_o good_a profit_n afford_v such_o engine_n ready_a in_o good_a condition_n at_o 4_o l._n sterling_a apiece_o now_o such_o a_o engine_n be_v able_a to_o make_v above_o 50_o pound_n of_o the_o jelly_n at_o a_o time_n and_o may_v do_v the_o same_o quantity_n at_o least_o twice_o in_o 24_o hour_n for_o i_o have_v try_v that_o my_o great_a engine_n which_o be_v 6_o inch_n in_o diameter_n may_v in_o less_o than_o a_o hour_n time_n be_v heat_v enough_o to_o make_v jelly_n of_o bone_n 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for_o the_o owner_n of_o the_o engine_n and_o so_o in_o four_o day_n time_n he_o will_v be_v full_o requite_v for_o his_o first_o expense_n and_o one_o man_n alone_o may_v at_o the_o same_o time_n keep_v five_o or_o six_o such_o engine_n at_o work_n for_o several_a use_n whereof_o some_o perhaps_o will_v prove_v more_o profitable_a than_o the_o make_n of_o jelly_n therefore_o we_o must_v not_o question_v but_o those_o that_o will_v set_v upon_o such_o thing_n may_v make_v their_o own_o profit_n very_o well_o and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n do_v a_o great_a service_n to_o the_o public_a i_o have_v not_o therefore_o think_v it_o right_n in_o a_o thing_n of_o so_o general_a use_n that_o a_o man_n by_o virtue_n of_o a_o patent_n shall_v hinder_v other_o people_n from_o work_v that_o may_v perhaps_o have_v more_o skill_n in_o do_v thing_n good_a and_o cheap_a and_o i_o have_v instruct_v mr._n mayor_n a_o founder_n in_o old_a bedlam_n how_o to_o make_v these_o engine_n of_o cast_a brass_n so_o that_o any_o body_n may_v see_v they_o and_o buy_v they_o of_o he_o postscript_n doctor_n edm._n king_n fellow_n of_o the_o royal_a society_n have_v get_v one_o of_o these_o engine_n for_o a_o great_a security_n and_o conveniency_n cause_v the_o rod_n lm_o to_o be_v fit_v in_o l_o with_o a_o joint_n so_o that_o it_o must_v always_o fall_v upon_o the_o pipe_n hh_v and_o there_o be_v no_o danger_n that_o the_o valve_n p_o may_v slip_v off_o and_o spoil_v the_o operation_n he_o have_v also_o cause_v a_o brick_n furnace_n to_o be_v build_v on_o purpose_n so_o that_o i_o have_v late_o try_v whether_o by_o that_o mean_v the_o expense_n of_o coal_n will_v be_v less_o than_o in_o my_o chimney-corner_n see_v pag._n 6._o but_o i_o have_v find_v contrary_a to_o my_o expectation_n that_o the_o expense_n be_v much_o great_a in_o his_o furnance_n the_o reason_n of_o which_o probable_o be_v because_o in_o his_o furnace_n the_o coal_n do_v not_o at_o all_o touch_n the_o engine_n but_o remain_v at_o a_o little_a distance_n below_o as_o in_o ordinary_a sand-furnace_n the_o coal_n do_v not_o touch_v the_o pot_n but_o in_o my_o chimney_n the_o coal_n touch_v the_o engine_n almost_o all_o along_o and_o thereby_o may_v the_o better_a heat_n it_o it_o be_v therefore_o likely_a that_o it_o will_v be_v better_a to_o build_v furnace_n so_o as_o to_o have_v the_o coal_n touch_v the_o engine_n all_o along_o one_o side_n it_o will_v be_v better_o also_o to_o have_v they_o make_v of_o iron_n plate_n because_o a_o brick_n furnace_n require_v much_o fire_n to_o be_v thorough_o heat_v unless_o it_o be_v keep_v at_o work_n constant_o mean_o while_o the_o doctor_n have_v make_v several_a experiment_n with_o his_o engine_n have_v this_o conveniency_n that_o there_o be_v no_o need_n of_o blow_v the_o fire_n beside_o many_o good_a dish_n of_o meat_n and_o fish_n he_o have_v prepare_v several_a medicine_n and_o find_v that_o in_o this_o engine_n the_o operation_n may_v be_v perform_v in_o less_o than_o the_o ten_o part_n of_o the_o time_n that_o be_v require_v in_o his_o other_o furnace_n and_o yet_o some_o of_o they_o be_v much_o strong_a than_o ordinary_a we_o have_v see_v that_o hartshorn_n in_o winter_n time_n be_v boil_v with_o twelve_o time_n as_o much_o water_n will_v turn_v it_o all_o to_o a_o jelly_n so_o do_v the_o bone_n with_o above_o four_o time_n as_o much_o water_n which_o be_v at_o least_o as_o much_o again_o as_o i_o have_v find_v in_o summer_n time_n upon_o this_o occasion_n i_o will_v mention_v two_o other_o particular_n which_o do_v not_o succeed_v in_o cold_a as_o in_o hot_a weather_n the_o first_o be_v the_o fermentation_n of_o bone_n speak_v of_o chap._n 3._o exp._n 8._o which_o be_v not_o so_o well_o perform_v in_o winter_n the_o second_o be_v the_o quantity_n of_o fire_n require_v in_o such_o operation_n for_o i_o have_v find_v by_o my_o engine_n that_o mutton_n may_v be_v very_o well_o dress_v and_o the_o bone_n soften_v with_o five_o ounce_n of_o coal_n in_o summer_n time_n but_o in_o winter_n the_o same_o effect_n can_v be_v produce_v with_o less_o than_o six_o ounce_n and_o half_a we_o have_v see_v that_o it_o be_v not_o necessary_a to_o put_v in_o the_o engine_n all_o the_o water_n to_o be_v congeal_v but_o put_v equal_a weight_n of_o bone_n and_o water_n after_o the_o operation_n your_o water_n be_v mingle_v with_o three_o time_n as_o much_o fresh_a water_n will_v turn_v it_o all_o to_o a_o jelly_n so_o the_o jelly_n to_o be_v make_v with_o a_o engine_n and_o therefore_o the_o profit_n to_o be_v get_v by_o it_o be_v much_o great_a than_o i_o have_v say_v chap._n 9_o i_o have_v find_v that_o a_o old_a hat_n very_o bad_a and_o loose_o make_v be_v imbibe_v with_o jelly_n of_o bone_n be_v become_v very_o firm_a and_o stiff_a so_o that_o it_o be_v likely_a if_o such_o liquor_n shall_v be_v use_v in_o make_v hat_n they_o will_v be_v extraordinary_a good_a the_o doctor_n be_v engine_n have_v already_o give_v occasion_n to_o these_o experiment_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o when_o the_o thing_n be_v make_v common_a a_o great_a many_o more_o use_v of_o it_o will_v be_v find_v in_o a_o short_a time_n finis_fw-la
exact_o ground_n to_o it_o and_o press_v upon_o it_o with_o a_o screw_n as_o you_o see_v in_o the_o figure_n be_v to_o be_v include_v in_o the_o cylinder_v aa_n bb._n with_o water_n all_o round_a about_o it_o to_o use_v this_o engine_n with_o conveniency_n and_o ease_n it_o ought_v to_o be_v fit_v in_o a_o furnace_n build_v on_o purpose_n for_o it_o and_o shall_v go_v in_o as_o far_o as_o the_o appendix_n cc_o so_o the_o fire_n be_v underneath_o and_o the_o screw_n ff_n well_o fasten_v you_o may_v boil_v your_o meat_n as_o long_o as_o you_o please_v without_o danger_n of_o waste_v it_o by_o the_o exhalation_n of_o the_o volatile_a part_n it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o such_o a_o long_a and_o slender_a shape_n be_v better_a than_o any_o other_o for_o such_o a_o engine_n because_o it_o may_v be_v keep_v shut_v with_o less_o strength_n for_o it_o be_v well_o know_v that_o the_o wide_a a_o aperture_n be_v the_o more_o strength_n be_v require_v to_o keep_v the_o cover_n from_o be_v lift_v up_o by_o the_o inward_a pressure_n it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v also_o that_o the_o cover_n bb_n must_v have_v some_o depth_n that_o be_v fill_v with_o water_n it_o may_v always_o keep_v some_o moisture_n in_o a_o circular_a piece_n of_o paper_n which_o be_v to_o be_v put_v in_o the_o joint_n two_o for_o the_o two_o cylinder_n can_v never_o be_v ground_n to_o one_o another_o so_o exact_o as_o to_o keep_v in_o liquor_n when_o high_o compress_v unless_o there_o be_v some_o paper_n put_v between_o they_o and_o that_o paper_n can_v stop_v it_o exact_o neither_o unless_o it_o be_v wet_a yet_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o say_a cover_n bb_n aught_o to_o be_v but_o little_a that_o the_o engine_n be_v almost_o all_o close_v in_o the_o furnace_n it_o may_v the_o better_o receive_v and_o keep_v the_o heat_n this_o engine_n be_v without_o doubt_n simple_a enough_o and_o easy_a enough_o to_o be_v keep_v in_o order_n but_o the_o mischief_n be_v that_o it_o be_v much_o more_o troublesome_a to_o look_v into_o it_o than_o into_o ordinary_a pot_n and_o because_o it_o do_v more_o or_o less_o effect_n according_a as_o the_o include_v water_n be_v more_o or_o less_o compress_v and_o according_a as_o the_o heat_n also_o be_v great_a or_o less_o it_o may_v sometime_o happen_v that_o you_o will_v draw_v your_o meat_n before_o it_o be_v ready_a enough_o and_o sometime_o too_o you_o may_v burn_v it_o it_o be_v therefore_o necessary_a to_o find_v out_o some_o way_n how_o to_o know_v both_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o inward_a pressure_n and_o the_o degree_n of_o heat_n to_o know_v the_o quantity_n of_o the_o inward_a pressure_n you_o must_v have_v a_o little_a pipe_n open_a at_o both_o end_n as_o hh_v this_o be_v sodder_v to_o a_o hole_n in_o the_o cover_n bb_n be_v to_o be_v stop_v at_o the_o top_n with_o a_o little_a valve_n p_o exact_o ground_n to_o it_o and_o fit_v also_o with_o a_o paper_n between_o this_o must_v be_v keep_v down_o with_o a_o iron_n rod_n lm_o one_o end_n of_o which_o must_v be_v put_v into_o a_o iron_n staple_n lg_n fasten_v to_o the_o bar_n i_fw-mi and_o the_o other_o end_n keep_v down_o by_o a_o weight_n n_n to_o be_v hang_v upon_o it_o near_a or_o further_o from_o the_o valve_n according_a as_o you_o will_v have_v it_o keep_v it_o less_o or_o more_o strong_o down_o upon_o the_o end_n of_o the_o pipe_n to_o resist_v the_o less_o or_o great_a pressure_n from_o within_o much_o after_o the_o manner_n as_o a_o weight_n be_v hang_v upon_o a_o ordinary_a roman_a balance_n or_o stilyard_n to_o prevent_v the_o dry_n of_o the_o paper_n of_o this_o valve_n i_o take_v a_o little_a pipe_n oh_o tie_v about_o with_o hemp_n and_o thrust_v it_o down_o into_o the_o pipe_n hh_v so_o that_o one_o end_n reach_v pretty_a far_o into_o the_o water_n in_o the_o engine_n whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o if_o some_o of_o the_o say_a water_n be_v lose_v the_o inward_a pressure_n will_v nevertheless_o drive_v up_o water_n through_o the_o say_a pipe_n oh_o against_o the_o valve_n p_o which_o make_v the_o say_a valve_n more_o exact_a and_o more_o fit_a to_o show_v whether_o any_o thing_n get_v out_o that_o way_n the_o pipe_n hh_n must_v be_v but_o slender_a that_o it_o may_v be_v keep_v shut_v by_o a_o little_a weight_n in_o the_o engine_n i_o have_v hitherto_o employ_v this_o pipe_n be_v about_o â…•_n of_o a_o inch_n over_o so_o that_o its_o aperture_n to_o a_o aperture_n 1_o inch_n over_o be_v as_o 4_o to_o 25_o therefore_o be_v more_o than_o six_o time_n less_o it_o may_v be_v keep_v shut_v with_o a_o weight_n more_o than_o six_o time_n light_a too_o now_o according_a to_o the_o experiment_n of_o mr._n boyle_n in_o his_o continuation_n of_o physico-mechanical_a experiment_n the_o ordinary_a pressure_n of_o the_o air_n against_o a_o hole_n 1_o inch_n over_o be_v about_o 12_o pound_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v about_o 2_o pound_n against_o the_o aperture_n of_o the_o say_a pipe_n hh_o the_o rod_n lm_o be_v 12_o inch_n long_o and_o the_o distance_n from_o l_o to_o p_o be_v 1_o inch_n so_o that_o 1_o pound_n weight_n hang_v at_o m_n press_v as_o much_o upon_o the_o valve_n p_o as_o 12_o pound_n can_v do_v if_o direct_o lay_v upon_o the_o say_a valve_n and_o so_o it_o can_v be_v lift_v up_o unless_o the_o inward_a pressure_n be_v six_o time_n strong_a than_o the_o ordinary_a pressure_n of_o the_o air._n therefore_o when_o there_o be_v one_o pound_n weight_n hang_v in_o m_n and_o yet_o the_o water_n get_v out_o under_o the_o valve_n one_o may_v conclude_v that_o the_o inward_a pressure_n be_v about_o eight_o time_n strong_a than_o the_o ordinary_a pressure_n of_o the_o air_n because_o it_o lift_v up_o not_o only_o the_o weight_n n_n which_o be_v equal_a to_o 6_o but_o also_o the_o rod_n lm_o which_o i_o have_v find_v by_o trial_n equal_a to_o 4_o pound_n or_o two_o pressure_n against_o the_o valve_n and_o so_o by_o increase_v or_o lessen_v the_o weight_n or_o by_o remove_v it_o from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o one_o may_v always_o know_v near_o enough_o how_o strong_a the_o inward_a pressure_n be_v the_o same_o pipe_n hh_n be_v also_o very_o commodious_a to_o sill_z up_o the_o engine_n with_o water_n after_o it_o be_v shut_v by_o the_o screw_n and_o the_o pipe_n oh_o be_v not_o to_o be_v put_v in_o till_o the_o engine_n be_v perfect_o fill_v with_o water_n by_o the_o pipe_n hh_v to_o know_v the_o degree_n of_o heat_n i_o wish_v i_o have_v be_v able_a to_o make_v a_o thermometer_n divide_v as_o it_o shall_v be_v to_o show_v precise_o by_o how_o much_o the_o heat_n be_v increase_v or_o diminish_v and_o i_o believe_v by_o that_o mean_n compare_v the_o several_a degree_n of_o heat_n with_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o effect_n thereby_o produce_v one_o may_v discover_v several_a thing_n about_o the_o nature_n both_o of_o heat_n and_o of_o the_o material_n wrought_v upon_o but_o for_o want_v of_o time_n and_o other_o necessary_n for_o that_o design_n i_o have_v instead_o of_o it_o use_v another_o way_n very_o easy_a and_o yet_o exact_a enough_o for_o all_o the_o use_n here_o speak_v of_o i_o hang_v a_o weight_n to_o a_o thread_n about_o three_o foot_n long_o so_o that_o every_o swing_n make_v about_o a_o second_o and_o i_o let_v fall_v a_o drop_n of_o water_n into_o a_o little_a cavity_n make_v for_o that_o purpose_n at_o the_o top_n of_o it_o and_o i_o tell_v how_o many_o time_n the_o hang_a weight_n will_v move_v to_o and_o fro_o before_o the_o drop_n of_o water_n be_v quite_o evaporate_v and_o i_o take_v care_n that_o the_o place_n where_o i_o put_v the_o drop_n may_v be_v clean_a because_o a_o little_a grease_n will_v considerable_o hinder_v its_o evaporate_n so_o be_v able_a to_o know_v the_o degree_n both_o of_o heat_n and_o pressure_n in_o the_o engine_n one_o may_v easy_o order_v it_o so_o as_o to_o do_v the_o effect_n just_a as_o desire_v if_o it_o have_v but_o once_o be_v try_v how_o powerful_o it_o work_v for_o you_o need_v but_o take_v the_o quantity_n of_o coal_n find_v out_o by_o experience_n to_o be_v the_o most_o convenient_a set_v it_o in_o the_o furnace_n under_o the_o engine_n leave_v the_o door_n and_o the_o register_n of_o your_o furnace_n open_a till_o the_o heat_n be_v come_v to_o your_o intend_a degree_n than_o you_o be_v to_o shut_v both_o the_o door_n and_o the_o register_n that_o the_o fire_n may_v be_v choke_v and_o so_o let_v your_o vessel_n cool_v but_o you_o must_v also_o have_v lay_v upon_o the_o rod_n lm_o as_o much_o weight_n as_o be_v necessary_a to_o make_v the_o intend_a inward_a pressure_n and_o you_o may_v be_v sure_a that_o by_o always_o keep_v