A profitable boke declaring dyuers approoued remedies to take out spottes and staines in Silkes Veluets Linnnen and Woollen clothes With diuers colours how to die Velvets and Silkes Linnen and Woollen Fustian and Threade Also to dresse Leather and to colour Felles How to Gylde Graue Sowder and Vernishe And to harden and make softe Yron and Steele Very necessarie for all men speciallye for those which hath or shall haue any doinges therein with a perfite table herevnto to fynde all thinges readye not the like reuealde in English heretofore TAKEN OVT OF DVTCHE and englished by L. M. ¶ Jmprinted at London by Thomas Purfoote and William Pounsonbie 1583 To make Cloth whiche hath lost his colour to returne vnto his first estate agayne TAKE OF VNQVENched lyme two ounces of Oake ashes two ounces of cleare water two pound Then meddle thē well all together and so let them rest one quarter of an houre and then doe clarifie that water and therewith wash your cloth and it will returne vnto his first colour and waxe fayre agayne as before ¶ To wash a scarlet which is greasie Take of whyte tarter wel and finely beaten foure ounces then boyle it in two pound of fayre water till the thyrde part be consumed then take it from the fyre and let it coole and then strayne it through a linnen cloth and when ye will vse thereof make it then milke warme and wash therewith your cloth Then hang it to drye and you shall see it fayre and returne to his first estate and coloure agayne ¶ To make all colours of silkes which be staynde to come to their first colour againe Fyrst take one ounce of vnquenched lyme and of the ashes of a vyne one ounce also of ashes of an Oake one oūce and a halfe Put all these into a basen of cleare water and meddle them all well togither then heate them a little ouer the fyre and when it is warme take it of the fyre and let it clarifie a while so done then take a sponge and wash your staynie spottes therewith and see that ye weat no other place but the spotty places only and so they wil be well agayne ¶ To make a sope to take forth greace or other spoties whatsoeuer they be Take one pound of roche Allum burnd and made into a fyne poulder Also take of the rootes cald flames of Florence so calde in Dutche halfe a pound then beate it in to a pouder Then take a new layde egge of white sope two pound and a halfe then blend your pouder and your egge and sope altogether well and thereof make pellots or bals and if one egge be not sufficient then take ii or so much as shall suffice to make your sayd paste withal and when ye shall haue occasion to take forth anye spotte take first of commen water and wash your spots on both sides withal warme then take of the sayd pellots and rubbe al ouer the spottes in the cloth so done then washe out the filth with fayre cleare water and if there remayne some part and be not all cleane wash it agayne as afore is mētioned till it be all cleane and so shall ye haue it as fayre as before ¶ Another good way to take forth spots of greace out of any woollen or linnen Take first a little fayre water all to weate and rubbe therewith the sayd greace spottes Then take a quantity of walkars claye called Fullars earth and rubbe a little therewith your spottes all ouer Then rubbe and chafe your cloth one vppon another so done take a syluer spone or such like thing and scrape out the sayde filthie water and greace and if then it bee not all cleane foorth doe so agayne as before is mentioned and then take a little warme water and all to weate the sayde place therwith so done Then wring and scrape it foorth as the other afore Being then cleane let it be dryde and it will be well ¶ To take away all spottes on coulered Clothes be they linnen or woollen If there chaunce by fortune to fall a droppe of ynke or any other stayne vppon any cloth dyed or coloured or being cleane whyte woollen or linnen Ye shall doe as hereafter followeth that is take of the iuyce of rawe Lemmons or the iuyce of a great Orange Apple which hath a hard pill or skinne which the Italions call Pommes Dadam Or if ye will take onlye the egar or sharpe iuyce which is in the pouncitron and strayne it foorth thereof and with the iuyce yee shall all to rubbe and chaufe the sayde spottye places and then wash it with luke warme water and so then scrape out all the filth thereof with some spoone as aforesayde or wring it cleane foorth with your handes If at the firste time peraduenture it bee not cleane vse it likewise agayne the seconde tyme as before and so your cloth will come vnto as good estate as at the fyrste nor this shall not hurte anye coloure thereof ¶ Another good way to make cleane spottes of greace out of all woollen clothes Take an hearbe called wood sorrel or stubwort which is green groweth in woods in bushes stubs of old trees and hath three small leaues lyke a hart it tasteth sharpe lyke other sorrell Which hearbe ye shall distill in a lymbee and so reserue the distild water in a glasse very close and when you neede to take foorth any spotte of greace then take of the distylde water and rubbe therewith all ouer the sayd spottes Then chafe your cloth one vppon another so done take a spoone or some other lyke thing and take away the sayd filthie water therewith Then if it be not all cleane doe it likewise agayne as before with the distilde water warmed and then yee shall see it will doe well and shewe fayre and cleare as it was at the firste Another good way to take out spottes out of clothes with a lye Take three pintes of water and put therein halfe a pounde of pot ashes and stirre it well altogether Let it so stande the space of foure dayes but yee must in euerye daye stirre it three or foure times So done poure foorth the cleare water from the ashes and put of galles therin then it will waxe a greene but if ye wil haue it a blacke then put a little soote to soke in fayre water and put that black water therein With this warmed ye maye washe your spottie places in any place of your clothes it will take it forth fayre and cleane To perfume clothes Take a violl of Rose-water in the which ye shall put eyghteene or twentie graynes of Muske and Ciuet with a little of Ambergreace then set all on the fyre and whē it begins to waxe warme take it from the fyre and let it coole and stoppe it close the space of two dayes and when ye will perfume your clothes therewith Set it on the fyre agayne and being warme holde your clothes ouer it
laye it therein agayn one houre so wring it wel forth then put it into the black dye and lay it therein another houre so wring it wel then scoure it in the fayre riuer water and then hang it to drye if then it be not gray ynough soke it agayne in fayre water and then put into your gall water and then the black dye then scoure it and drye it so burle it and dresse it vp and so it is done Black silke to dye To one pound of silke take xii gall nots beaten into a fyne poulder then seeth that silke with the galles in commen water halfe an houre long then take of your blacke dye and seeth it therein another halfe houre then take it forth and let it coole and then put it agayne into the dye and let it seeth therein another halfe houre if then it bee not fayre ynough seeth it therein til it be fayre then take and washe it out of that colour and hang it to drye and so it is done To colour curried skinnes greene or felles to couer Bookes Take the buds of white black thorn which ye must gather in the moneth of August when they beginne to waxe rype and blacke put them in a well leaded pot the space of tenne dayes then put thereto foure ounces of Allum boyle them together well then putte it into a poudring vessell of Beefe or Porke and close it well that it take no wynd then set it a little in the sunne and when ye would colour therewith take a little of the sayd coloure myxe it with some lye and warme it and then strike it on the skinnes and ye shal see a fayre colour Also take Lincaile or canker of Latine hony and mixe them together in like and put thereto pisse so much that it may take colour and also stayne the skinne and then drye it in the shade To make a yealow colour on skinnes Take the rype seedes of Nerprun so cald in french dry them in the sunne and when yee will worke therewith temper it with lye and with a little allum of the Rocke and let it rest till it be molten the whiche will make it to take a yealow coloure but the lye muste firste bee heate a little To dye thread blacke Take a quantitie of broken or brused galles and boyle them in water in a small potte and when they haue a little boylde take out all the galles and put into the same pot só much Coperose as ye haue had of galles and put therewith a little gumme of Arabye and then giue it agayne another boyling so let it boyle a little and with the sayd dye yee shall colour therein your threed then take it forth and ye shall see it a fayre shining black To dye thread gray Take of the sayd black dye so much as ye list and put therevnto halfe so much water more or lesse as yee will haue your colour deepe or light Then boyle your threade therein and you shal haue it gray as ye list other browne or lighter other after a mouse dunne To dye thread in sad purple colour Take the barkes of Pomgranads the pilles of dryde Oranges then boyle them in water with a little Allum as great as a small nutte then let it coole and when it is colde put your thread therein and boyle it agayne and ye shal haue a fayre colour For to currie a raw Goteskinne Take a gotes skinne raw and put it in warme water and let it rest there a day then scrape and cleanse it very cleane and take away all the fylth thereof and to finishe it take water and set it ouer the fyre and put therein a handfull of fatte and foure ounces of roche Allum then styrre all together til it begin to boyle then set it from the fyre and let it rest til it be cold then take an egge and beate it with a little Oile oliue this done put your gotes felle in the sayd water and stirre it well al aboute with your handes three or foure times and so it shal be in good case and wel curried To dye skinnes in a blue like azure The wooll being cleane taken off and the felle washed cleane in fayre water so wring it al out then take the beries of the greening tree as paynters vse and the berries of elder seeth them together in water of Allum then strayne that water so let it rest then poure away the vppermost and strayne the rest agayne then let it drye and washe with that cleare water but see that your felle bee cleane then take your colour and strike your felle al ouer therewith being warme and so let it drye so it will bee a good blue To dye skinnes with Madder called Kubea tinctorum in Latine First sée that your skinnes be readye washed and wrong cleane and so layde abroade then shall yee weat it all ouer with the lyes of whyte Wyne wherein baye Salt haue bene boyled and so wring foorth that agayne then take the ashes of the shelles of Creuis or Sea crabbes and temper it with the foresayde water and salt and therwith rubbe your skinnes and washe them well then with cleare water and wring him take ruddle tēper it with the sayd lies and rub it al ouer therewith so with the said ashes thus wash wring it three times if it be not then well ye shal giue him a colouring with brasill and your Madder mixt together with the said water or lies or that some tartar haue bene sod in which must be made warm when ye lay your ruddle so leaue it a night then putte on your Madder mixt with allum or lyes or allum cativum stieped in water also you may adde vnto it the shering of scarlet takē out of the boyling lye which is also good A good greene to greeneskinnes Take first and cleanse your skinnes annoynt and soke them well in cold water then take the berries of the sap greening tree and being rype about Michaelmas take stampe them and so let them rest iii. or iiii dayes then put therto of rayn water a little and then boyle them with a soft fire in styrring them still then if ye will haue it lighte greene put to but a little allum the sadder green put too the more allum in the boyling and boyle it but a little thē ye may fold your skinnes in the middest and rub him on both sides therewith and then with a little poulder of allum then take ashes burnt of sheepes dung and all ouer rub your sayd felles therwith on both sides then rub him with the sayd colour agayne all ouer so washe him with fayre water and let him so drye but finely wring him out then spread him and cast of the foresayd thinne colour all ouer the felle and so let him dry it wil be a fine colour A sleighter greene with the sappe berrie Let your skinnes be first annointed wel washed and so wrong
forth and then stretch them as the order is then take of the same sap berries aforesayd let them be stampt with roche allum water and a little boyld and therwith giue your skinne a stroke or two al ouer then let it dry then giue him a colouring with yealow made of the sayd berries sod with allum water and agayne of saffron then let it dryé and ye shall see a fayre colour Another greene for skinnes Your skinnes being annoynted washed and spread ye colour him with the foresayd sappe greene and put vnto it a few weat ashes and rub the felle al ouer therewith being washed and wiped agayn strike him ouer with Indian colour sod with roch allum then let it dry thē strike him ouer with the foresayd yealow and so ye shal haue a fayre excellent greene colour To dye a crimosine colour Scrape hard sope and so melt it in commen water put your silk in a linnen or thin canuas bag and so put it into the Kettle to the soped water let it boyle softly halfe an houre space but stur it ofte for burning then washe it in salte water fyrste and after in fresh water for ech pound of silke take a pound or more of allum layde sufficyente in colde water and therein put your silk without the bag and let it rest therein viii houres then take and washe it in fresh water then wring it put it in the pan to the crimsine colour being wel stampt cleane take iiii ounce and boile it with so much water as wil couer your silke foure fingers aboue in water and to ech pounde of crimosine colour put too three ounces of galles in fyne pounder or in steede thereof yee maye put in halfe an ounce of Arsenic which is not very wholesome because of the fume nor the water thereof and when it boyleth put in your silke as afore prepared there let it boyle a quarter of an houre then wring it a little and drye it in the shade and so it wil be fayre To die a black after the common sort of the countrey women They take so much water as wil couer the hose or other cloth but firste they al to strike their hose or cloth with swart of the grindstone then they laye alder pilles first in the bottome of the vessel thereon lay your cloth or hose and then pilles thereon agayne then lay your hose thereon pilles thereon agayn then couer al with water so let them boyle softly two haures space and turne your cloth often therein then see if it be black ynough if not take new swart and pilles and vse them as yee did at the first and so boyle them agayne til they be black then scoure and washe them out and it is done Some women doe take in steede of alder plumtree pilles some blacke thorne and some yong oken pilles and oke apples greene and so dyes with them in like case or the tender shewts of brachryers or greene walnut huskes al these are good in sommer to dye with How to harden Jron and Steele and also to soften to sowder and to gylde To make Yron or steele as fofte as copper TAke a chalk stone vnslect with as much allum first stampe the Allum verye fine in a morter then take your chalke and mingle therewith then spread it half a finger or a finger thick on a linnen cloute and wrap your yron therein whiche yee would haue soft and lay it in the middest of a fyre there let it lye an houre or more till the fyre is out and bee all cold of himselfe without any other thing done to it Then shall ye take out your yron or steele and it will be as softe as it were right copper in his hardnesse Another way to soften Another way for the same take only a white fyre turffe and lay your yron or steele in the middest thereof and lay it in the fyre and let it lye there so long til the fyre do go forth and waxe colde of it selfe then take it out and it shal be as soft as neede shall require To make Yron softe Take the water or the iuyce of Rafany which I take to be the Rape then heate your yron hoce and quenche it therein and it shal become soft agayne Another way to make yron soft Take of Sope ashes and vnslect lyme of eyther alyke then make a lye thereof whiche lye yee shall strayne nyne tymes thorowe a strayner then take other yron or steele and lay it therein one night and it will be so soft ye may easilye cutte it will yee then haue it harde agayne so quenche it in colde water and it shall waxe harde agayne Another way to make yron or steele softe Take the yelow flowers of Marigoldes with the stele and blossome stampe the flowers and strayne it thorowe a cloth and put that iuyce into a pot then take the yron or steele that ye will make soft and as red hote as yee canne doe sleke it in that iuyce and it will bee as softe as Copper Another way to soften Also take slecken and long wormes out of the earth of eche alike and a thyrd part of falte then take an earthen potte and make it full of holes in the bottome lyke to a siue then take the salt and salte the wormes into the pot Then take another potte and set it vnder that pot then will that salt melt with the wormes and runne into the other potte and that in the vnder potte yee shall keepe then lay a stone on that pot and make it to seeth well and scumme it so long as any scumme will ryse then take it from the fyre that it may coole then scumme that off aboue then make your steele red hote as fyre and so quenche therein which yron or steele a man may bow like as it were copper then to make it hard heate it red hote and quenche it in colde water and ye shal thinke it were fine steele To make yron soft Take an hearbe calde in Latine Vngula cabellina it is a clote cald in English of some Colts foote or Buls foote take and make a water therof and make your yron redde hote whiche yee will haue softe then quenche it in the sayde water and it shall become softe that yee maye vse it for your purpose and so harden it agayne as the other Another way to soften Take Slecken so calde in duche and stampe it with strong wyne Vineger then make your yron or steele red hote that yee will haue softe and quenche it in the sayde iuyce and then it shall bee softe like the other and to make it harde agayne wherein to quenche with colde water as before To make Steele or Christall softe Take of vnquenched lyme with as much of sope ashes thereof ye shal make a lye after this maner whiche is yee shall strayne it thorow a strainer ix times then take your steele or cristall
ounces of Allum and seeth it with branne water so much as ye shall thinke good then take your yearne oute and put that water out of that Kettle and put therein agayne three partes of fresh branne water and one parte of fayre cleare water then warme it a little on the fyre then put therein two pound of grening weede and let it so warme a while then put therein your wooll and styr it wel with a sticke the space of three howers but let it not seeth in any wise so done then take out your wooll agayne and put it agayne into your Kettle and put thereto half a glassefull of vnsleakte lime with as much of common ashes and thereto put your wooll agayne and styrre it with a staffe sixe or seuen Paternoster whiles than take foorth youre wooll and ye shall haue a fayre colour But if yee will haue it yet a more sanguine coloure then must you putte into your Kettle halfe a little glasse full of more lime and a little glasse full of common ashes and thereto put your wooll agayne and stirre it well still foure or fyue Pater-noster whyles then take foorth your wooll and wash it and so ye shall haue a very fayre colour Another way to make wooll a fayre red When as your wooll is made red after the first maner then shall ye cast away that licour that is in the Kettle and put into it fayre water and put thereto the cruse full of fayre made lye of common ashes and therein put also an ounce of Allum then as soone as it beginneth to seeth put therein your wooll and styrre it well therein foure or fiue paternoster whiles then take it foorth and washe it and so ye shall haue your wooll a fayre colour This maner of dying is after the order of Dorneke in Flaunders To dye a fayre yealowe If ye will dye yealow with wood take off the wood leaues and cut off the rootes then cut them in peeces and lay them to soke in lye of commō ashes three houres then seeth it a quarter of an hower till ye thinke it be meetely well sodde Then put therein two quartes of water and as much stale Vrine of sixe dayes olde at the least so let them seeth together a little then cleanse it thorow a siue and then put vnto the same agayne of lye and Vrine as aforesayd Then strayne it thorow a fayre cloth and seeth it and to two pounde of wood take two pounde of Verdegreace with the lye that ye haue sod your woad and all putting them in your sayd colour which must be medled and well stirred all together Then shall ye boyle it all a little and it shall be well Another colour to dye a yealow with wood Take and set a pot with water on the fire and make it warme then take ashes made of Oken woade and cast thereof into the pot with water and being warme take it from the fyre and fiyre it well Then couer it close til the next daye Then poore the clearest lye thereof thorowe a cloth softly into another vessel or pan then take of good wood and breake the rootes off and then cut them small then wash rince them in cold water then put thē into the lie and there let them soke a night then take seethe it til the halfe be consumed and when it is well sod then all hote clense it thorow a fayre cloth then must yee haue of verdegreace wel finely beaten into pouder and blend therof with a spoone amongst your other stuffe this must be done incontinent therevpon and also your lye thervnto must be very strong made How to dye linnen or thread red As when ye wil dye anye Linnen or threade red yee shal take one pound of samfleure and let it soke halfe a day and a nighte in water milke warme then put it into a thicke bagge or sacke and therein washe and rynce it in the riuer till the bagge bee therewith red then wring the water well foorth and so take oute your Samfloure and spread it vppon a fayre boorde or Table and make as it were a little thinne bedde thereof then strewe thereon of white ashes in making beddes of youre Samfleure and when ye haue strewde them with ashes ye shal take to one pounde of Samfleure a guarter of a poūd of ashes which ashes must be burnt and made of the lyes of white Wine and it must be well chafte betwixte your handes the one against the other then make thereof a small heape and so let it rest the space of fyue houres Then shall ye rubbe it agayne till it waxe warme then haue readye a fayre basen and sette it vnder your stuffe that it may runne therein and also wring out the iuyce thereof into the sayd Bason Then cast therein a pynte of wine vyneger that is very good then yee maye putte therein a pounde of yearne and it shall doe well But to dye your Linnen cloth ye shall put it in before youre yearne or Fustian Then lay it therein a day and a night then take forth your linnen or yearne and then put therein a gallon of ashes of the Ashe tree and therevnto youre linnen yearne or fustian and so let it lye therein halfe an houre then take it oute and wring it as well as you can then by and by hang it in the sunne then take that water that ye soked first your Samfleure in and strayne it as aforesayde into the bason vnto the other colour then put therein a glassefull of Vineger and then you maye putte therein your yearne fustion or linnen cloth and doe therevnto as is aforesayd Another way to dye Linnen in a fayre rose redde colour To dye a fayre redde rose colour of Linnen yee shall take to euery iiii yardes and a halfe of Linnen halfe a li. of good gall nots and seeth them in fayre water al whole the space of ii houres then take it from the fyre poure that water into another vessell or fatte then put your linnen into the sayd water and let it soke therein the space of foure houres then take it forth and wring the lycoure wel forth Then take fayre water in a kettle and set it on the fyre and put therein a quarter of a pounde of Allum and when it is readye to seeth take it from the fyre and put youre cloth therein as soone as yee haue wrong and straynde oute your gals aforesayde but lette it drye a night before firste and then turne it well therein the space of a quarter of an houre So take it forth and wring it well then seeth two ounces of Brasill in fayre water the space of two houres then take that frō the fire and hang another kettle ouer the fire and putte therein gruys water so warme it a little and cast therein two li. of grening wede then put your linnen cloth therein and looke that no Allum haue bene in that water Then
white cloth linnen or woollen or silke yearne to doe it well yee shall gall and Allome it well Ye must take an hearbe called Foli in dutche that shall ye finde by ditches banks take a pound thereof that is drie this is in tuftes and it is hote like wee ashes and carnation in sight therewith men doe make a red carnation woollen cloth with the greene or white or of silke and if any carnation haue lost his colour or if anye carnation haue lost his dye with that ye shall dye it agayne that it shall not leese his colour and to foure elles of cloath ye shall take a pound gruis or of that hearbe afore named whiche ye shall beate to pouder Then shall yee take lye made of Oke ashes mixe a parte therewith and another part of cleare pisse cleare and old of eche like muche If ye will haue a light dye take pisse newe made and of the foresayde lye in like much therewith ye shall dye with the foresaid poulder put therein as it is sod put in that which ye woulde dye and seethe it two houres long and then let it drye To dye Linnen Ye shall firste take to one stone of flockes fyue pound of sope ashes which are calde in Dutche Wee Asseen of the best with sixteene gallons of water seeth it together an houre long and then let it cleare one nighte then gentlye poure of the vppermost thereof and seeth your flockes therein one houre long and then prooue if your flockes or silke be ynough sod also take a little of your Flockes in your hande and thrust it hard to a redde cloth also put it in your mouth and if it go by and by aparte like a rype apple then it is ynough sod Thē spōge it in fayre water and then putte it in branne water according to the quantitie of the woollen cloth and seeth your Flocks therein then take it out thereof and take brasill and put it in water according to the quantitye of the linnen that is to ech elle of cloth foure ounces of Brasill and as the brasil hath sod a while then strayne the brasil thorow a cloth and put it agayne into your Kettle and your Flocks also and let them seeth then take a Ladle full of lye and put it therin thus shall ye make it as hye as you will and if yee will haue it more higher then put more lye therein also for three pounde of Flockes take foure ounces of Allum and seeth them together and if yee will seeth dyde Flockes take lye of Sope ashes as before it is written which yee shall seeth with Sope ashes then scoure it and lette it drye To dye cloth with facet Wood. As ye will dye cloth with faucet Wood ye must make your lye with sope ashes of Denmarke and rayne water which ye shall let stand three houres long then seeth it but the Woad must be first sod in the lye and when it is sodde let it bee cooled with other colder and sharper lye with the last lye ye shall put too one pounde of yearne a great peece of Allum and put it therein Then shal ye put that dye into a fayre Kettle or fatte then take two ounces of spanishe greene which ye shal soke therein two or three houres long then tosse and push it vp and downe twise or thrise and wring it and with colder lye put therein and tesse it with a dishe too and froe Also another manner is take a dishe full of vnflect lyme and quenche it with water then take too dishe full of wood ashes and mixe it with the chalke all together well and there of yee shall make a good strong lye and let it three or foure times run thorow the tubbe then take the faucet woad and hew or cut it in small peeces cast it into the lye and let it seeth therein halfe an houre long Then put therein sope ashes and let it seeth another good halfe hower take it then off put thereto spanish greene let it boile twise or thrise and then sponge it also with three pound of faucet woad it behoueth to haue two ounces of spanish green as the cloth haue bene in the first licor if then it be too broune or too yealow then put thereto of wyne ashes a little allū To dye woollen cloth sanguine To dye woollen cloth fayre ye shall first seethe good rye meale in fayre water and then put it in a fayre tubbe or pan Then cast fayre water thereon and let it so stande three dayes to cleare then take of that water put therein two ounces of allum to an elle of cloth and let it seethe two houres long then let it hang coole without wringing Then put that water forth of the vessell with the meale and put therein a pound of the best grening wede and heate that also but let it not seeth thē put your cloth therein tosse it wel with your hands without seething and take it forth and put it in a panne with fayre lye and let it lye therein and so let it drye and it will be a red If yee will make fayrer you must haue of brasill take an ounce of Allum and allum it as aforesaide in another water then seeth two ounces of allum with that brasill in branne water made and as the brasill haue sod a while therein so put therein of cold water then take so muche thereof out as will weat your cloth in and styrre it well therein then shall ye take of other dye vntil the time that it hath sufficient ynough if yee will haue the same a sanguine lay it in fayre lye of Sope ashes and there it will haue a fayre sanguine dye To dye woollen yearne or cloth To make this dye put too foure pounde of woollen yarne or cloth two pounde of woad Put this woad in a Kettle and cast therein of fayre water then cast agayne halfe a tin dishe full of ashes out of the fyre and as soone as it seethes put your woollen yarne therein then let it seeth eyght or nyne pater noster whiles long then putte your yarne forth and put a little water in out of the kettle and then a few ashes out of the harth and put your woollen yarne agayne therein and so let it seeth a good while if it be a broune blue it shall be a darke greene and if it be white woollen yearne so it shal be a yealow colour Agayne to dye woollen yearne As ye will dye woollen yarne that is greene youre yearne ye shall first seeth in branne water whiche is to vnderstand to foure pound of yarne ten ounces of Allum and let it seeth two houres then wring that out and put it in the dye thus made To foure pound of wooll yearne take two pound of woad and seeth the woad well with hearth ashes in lye made a day before so let it seethe the fourth part of an houre then
and put all in a hearing barrell or vessel Then take gruis or swarfe this shal be a thurden dele of the fat the other two parts shal be fayre water so let it stand three weekes long so stirre it often wel about and put your gray silke therein and as this is done so shall ye hang it to dry and so put it in agayn so often til that it be black ynough In steede of galles ye maye take harkes of Oke and shoemakers blacke To make gray flore Take flore and lay it to soke 24 houres then wring it out thorow a cloth then take lye of wyne ashes spread it 2 houres long on a fayre table then take the sayd lye and put it in three vessels and take the Flore put it into one of the vessels Then put it wel forth then put that Flore in the least vessell then so in the middest and in the firste but eare ye put the linnen therin put in vineger wring it out To dye silke red Take of good wood ashes make a good lye therof put therin of willow or facet woad barbary wood or yelow wood soke them therin an houre then seeth a quarter of an houre then put your cloth therein put in a little spanish greene but that cloth ye must first allum it To make a black water to dye with A blacke water to dye all maner of silke clothes ye shall take halfe a pound of gall nots and put thereto somewhat lesse then a pottle of water and an ounce of swarfe of the grindstone and a good deale of the fylings of yron make it seeth and put thereto a quarter of a pound of coperas and seeth all to the halfe and put therein a pounde of gūme arabic then seeth it till al the gumme be melted Then set it from the fire the older it is the better it wil be ¶ To make a thicke water to worke on yealow silke Take a pottle of the best vernice ye can put in an ounce of brimstone in fine poulder half an ounce of Camphyer then seeth it a while and let it coole then strayne it thorow a cloth also with this ye shal worke thinne and this must be sod with the fourth part of gumme Arabic To worke on yealow silke white gray or azure colour Take a pottle of Conduite water and a fourth part of Arsenicke in poulder and two ladle full of woad cut the woad in small peeces and make it seeth as hering that is softly then set it from the fyre and put therein so much of graynes as ye put in porrage and herein also ye shall put in of gumme of Arraby so much as you shall seeme good To make a red water Take a pottle of fayre water and a fourth parte of gumme and halfe a pot of faucet woad so cald in dutche and then seeth it together till three pintes be consumed then set it from the fyre and herein yee shall put halfe an ounce of spanish greene and then put in also of graynes so much as ye doe in seasoning your pottage To make a red with brasill Take your Linnen to one pound take a fourth part of Allum but first seeeth allum then laye your linnen therein the space of two houres then take of beaten galles and put water thereto then lay your linnen therein and put in a quarter of a pounde of brasill and an ounce of gumme of Arabie Then let it seeth a fourth part in and then put in your Linnen If you will haue it a redde then put in no galles To make a red water for white silke or woollen greene yealow violet or azure Take a pottle of running water and an ounce of brasill seeth these till the halfe be consumed Then take it from the fyre and put in so many graynes as ye put vnto a pot of porage and a fourth part of gumme But if ye wil make it a light red put it into another fat whereas there is a quarter of a pound of Allum made in poulder and so let it rest all a night and it will do well To make a blew Take three partes of Sope ashes and one parte of vnquenched lyme and make a lye thereof and then lette it cleare then strayne it thorow a thicke cloth and yee shall take xv quartes of the sayd lye and put thereto a pounde of Bloemen so calde in dutche then styrre it all well together with a staffe and warme it ouer the fyre so that ye may not scant suffer your hande therein but firste your cloth must be sod in Allum and also dryed then put it in the warme dye two or three tymes then after if yee will haue it black or light colour so ye may vse it but before all things your dye must be warmed ere ye dye or colour therewith To make a fayre sanguine dye Take vpon eche elle of linnen sixe galles beaten into poulder and then take three gallons of water put into a tubbe and put the poulder of the galles thereto sturre them well togither then laye your linnen therein and turne and wend it well Then take and wring it drye out then let it lye therein agayne two houres long but at ech houre ye must wring it as before and lay it therein again in the tubbe and as it hath layne two houres so wrong out then take one ounce of Allum of the best and three gallons of water in a Kettle and make it well and hote redy to seeth till all be well molten then set it from the fire and put your linnen therein do it as ye haue done before agayne two houres long then after that take a panne and put therein two gallons of water and warme that lyke the other then take three ounces of brasil and cast it therein agayne let it seeth a quarter of an houre then take a good quart of water and cast it therein seething and take a quart of that dye and lay your linnen therein six or vii pater nosters long so that the dye be dronke all in the sayde cloth then wring it forth and handle it well then laye the cloth agayne in that dye tosse it and turne it and wend it well therein and let it lye so long therin as aforesayd and so wring it out then take the thyrd colour and lay it therin and let it lye therin a quarter of an houre and so it wil be well A light red dye for skinnes To dye a fayre light red take xiiii drye skins as they come from Antwerp and put them in the riuer or in water two dayes and two nights then take them out of the sayd water and put into a fat a Kettle full of vnquenched lyme or chalke and put so muche water thereto as the felles maye well be couered therein then sturre them wel with a staffe altogether and put your felles therein then turne and tosse them well if it be in
and half a pottle of old water seeth them together and scum it well then take a little allū which must be first kild in clay first take it from the fyre and then put in your said allum so reserue it and vse it as the other To make a light blue colour Take the flowers of the blue bottles among corne and pick them off then grynde them on a stone or morter and put therevnto a little viniger then temper it with allum as aforesayd so shall ye haue a fayre blue colour so may ye vse it incontinent for it will not last long but chaunge colour To make a white leather blue Take hengarten besien so calde in dutche which I take to be the low elder calde Dane worte seeth the sayde berries in water then with your hande styrre them well about and also breake them so done then seeth it agayne a while and so let it coole and being warme strike all ouer your leather once or twyse or as ofte as ye shall see cause then take of Endir so calde in duche and strewe of that pouder thereon and rub it in and so it wil do well Another way for red leather To make your red take a pound of Mosherumps with a little of vnquenched lyme then put thereto a pottle of water and let it stande a night then take two partes of other fayre water and a thirde part of chalke water with a quantitie of brasill then put all the sayde stuffe into a leaden pot and let it seeth till the halfe be consumed then it will be well and ye may vse it as the other To make a greene colour Take the leaues of an hearbe calde night shade then stampe or beate it in a morter of stone so temper it with Allum and so colour your skinnes therewith also ye may take of the greene berries of the greene bery tree which the paynters vse stampe them and so let them rest ten or twelue dayes then strayne them and put Allum water thereto and strike your skin therewith but firste make it warme and so vse it Another good greene Take one part of the foresayd lowe elder berryes and seeth them in sufficient water then put therein two ounces of brasill poulder and an ounce of walkers claye with a pottle of olde water let al these seeth a good while together then put in your beaten allum but not afore so shall it be a fayre colour as the other If ye will haue it a more darker colour ye must therewith strike twise all ouer your skinnes to haue it a lighter colour then ye shall mingle it with olde rayne water and so vse it To colour blacke Leather after the order in Germanye To colour leather black take a herring barrell and lay it three fingers thicke in the bottome with elder barkes then take the filinges of yron and strawe it all ouer the sayde barkes then take as much barke of elder agayne and lay it therein and so likewise your filings thereon as before Doe thus till the sayd barrell be three quarters filde and hath taken to the quantitie of foure pottels or more of the fylinges then take so much of rayne water as will fill it vp to couer it all ouer so let it stand a month or that ye doe colour therewith and euer as it waxeth emptye fill it vp agayne with filinges and rayne water as before in letting it stande so filde a month after and alwayes let the last couer be the fillings aboue and when ye list to colour therewith vnto three pottles of colour ye must haue iiii ounces of beaten galles and two ounces of coperas water then let it seeth together before yee dye that ye may coulour the better therewith thus yée may vse it at your pleasure To colour a white leather First take your skinnes and hang them in lyme water till they waxe supple or in chalke water and when they be well soked if ye will make hast of them first take of the heere and clense it out of the sayde water so that all the substaunce aforesayd be taken forth of the felles and being clensed then a day or more then wring the sayde water all cleane forth and let them drye and to vi felles put not aboue two ounces of Allum and lette your felles lye therein a nighte and a daye then wring them and drawe them well vntill they be all cleane and then vse them Another fayre red colour Take a felle or felles and weate them in Allum water and salt mingled together and to iiii ounces of salt take viii ounce of Allum to the weating of your sayde felles and also two ounces of lyme then seeth all in two pottles of rayne water then strayne it thorow a linnen cloth and wash therewith what fell ye will then spreade it abroade on the earth and take a woollen cloth and with the same lycor strike the sayd felles all ouer and so let them drye Then they will be ready for to receyue your colour then after that take at the least foure ounces of the lycor of the last end of a brewing with two ounces of brasill poulder then seeth all these in two pottles of the lye of sope ashes with one ounce of Allum and when it is well sod take it of the fyre and all to strike your felles therewith and thē let it drye and so they shall be ready and soft withall and here yee muste vnderstande with what colours yee shall strike your felles withall which is with the red and with blue and also greene for these shall chieflye abide and not go off also to weat your felles where linnen yearne hath bene soked in it will be likewise very good To colour a black spanish leather Take of Pomplemelc so calde in dutche and make it warme then washe your felles therewith till the whyte come no more off neyther forth thereof and to a small fell ye shall take foure ounces of Venis tot appelen so calde in dutche then beate it a little into peeces and cast of fayre water thereon and seeth it till it waxe soft so that ye may wring it betwixt your hands then strayne out the water thereof if it be too hote take a broade earthen panne and put the sayd licor therein then spread your skinne abrode and dip your felle therein till it be well weat doe it so iii. or iiii times then take good shoemakers colour or black so much as ye shal think good the which ye shal make the fell thorow moyst withal put thereto a little vitrial coporas then wring it wel forth lay it together and let it dry softly then take it or it be thorow drye and wring it between your hands for so it will be soft do so oftē times and when it is drye take of Goose greace or hogs greace in a woollen cloth and rub it therewith too and fro a good space before a fyre or by a hote ouen so rub and chafe it
your yron to make it hard But to harden Mayles Ares Knyues and such is to quench in the iuyce of radish also men oft tymes to make files hard do quenche in Linseede oyle or with scrapt horne or with gotes blood To harden tooles to hew all other Ye shall gather of fielde snayles or house snayles with their shelles then stampe them a little and distil them in a Lymbec and in that distild water harden your steele or yron but if ye wil haue it very hard ye shal take sande and brymstone and grinde them together and so strewe it on your yron or steele being red hote and then quenche it in the sayd water and they wil be very hard A way of hardning of Augars Persars and such like Ye shal take of mens vrine old and cold with the iuice of varuen and the iuice of wormes of ech like quantity then stur it wel altogether and so quench your mettals therin so farre as ye wil haue it hard then let it coole softly of it selfe till ye see spots like golde ryse thereon then take it out of the sayd water and they wil be wel To set a colour or Vernish on yron To vernish yron or steele take the gall of a Calfe and your yron or steele being cleane vernished take stryke with a cloth your gall thereon and then let it drye in the sunne and it will shew like a gold colour To colour tinne or copper or to colour the buckles of gyrdles and such Take of Linseede oyle so much as ye list set it on the fire and scymme it cleane then put therein of Amber and of Alopaticum in like portion then beat and styrre it wel altogether with the oyle ouer the fyre till it waxe thicke then take it from the fire and couer it close then set it in the earth three dayes and when ye list to occupy thereof stryke your mettall al ouer therewith and so let it drye as aforesayde in the Sunne and so yee shall haue a golden colour How to gylde vpon yron or steele Take a quantitie of wyne stone with as muche Salarmoniac and like of Verdegrece and some salt then seethe altogether in whyte wyne then stryke all ouer your burnished yron or Steele and let it burne in the sunne as before and ye may gyld thereon with commen gold as the order is and so it wil be fayre and good To gyld yron with a water Take of water or running water for iii. pound of water take two pound of roche allum and an ounce of vitriol Romayne and a peny weight of verdegreace of salgēma three ounces one ounce of Orpement then boyle al these together and when it begins to boyle put in some lyes of tartre and bay salt of euery halfe an ounce make it seeth and being soo a prety while take it from the fyre and thē strike your yron therewith then let it drye agaynst the fire and being drye burnish it and it wil be fayre To gylde gn yron another way Take iiii ounces of oyle lyne of Tartre or wine lyes two ounces and two ounces of the yeolkes of harde rosted egges stampt of Alio Cicotrinum one oūce a quarter of a dragm of saffron then boyle all these in an earthen pot a good space if the oyle of linseed couer not al that substance put therto sufficiēt of water then annoint your burnished yron therewith and it wil shew as the colour of golde To cast a siluer colour on copper for buckles of harnes and such Take of wyne stone of allum and of salt of ech like quantity then grynd them altogether on a paynters stone and put thereto a leafe or two of siluer and so grynde it well with the rest of your stuffe so done then put it in a leaded pot of earth and therin put your copper a little while so done then scrape it with your wyar brush then ye shal see if it be well if not let it remayne therein long and so wil it be fayre To gylde yron as Goldsmiths do with quicke siluer and gold foyle Take vitriol i. oūce allum ii oūce salarmoniac i. ounce then beate these into poulder and boyle it in commen water thē take your burnished yron all to weat it with the sayde water so then lay your goldfoyle theron dry it agaynst the fire then burnish it as men do so it wil looke fayre but if ye wil gylt with gold mixt with quickūluer as goldsmiths do ye shal put in a dragme of verdigreace with half ounce of Sublimatum so boyle them together let your yron boyle in the same water but being so great ye cannot then rub it therwith heat it to receiue better the colour with quick siluer and gold when yee haue so heated your yron ye may gyld with the same gold so mixt and then fume it with a fire lampe or brimstone or waxe A good way to burnish yron Take an ounce of Alopaticum citrinum an ounce of Amber then mix and beate them togither into a poulder then set it ouer the fyre of coles in a earthen pot make it not to hote at the fyrst but when it is molten put thereto a quantitie of seething oyle and stur it al wel together with a stick then let it rest take it from the fyre and coole and so keepe it and with this ye may vernish at pleasure as ye do other mettals To sowder on cold yron Take two ounces of Salarmoniac two ounces of salte two ounce of wynestone made in poulder ii ounce of clock spyce so calde in dutche vi ounces of looking glasse beate all these and mingle them well together then put them in a linnē cloth lay it round a finger thick with good clay which clay must be wel tempered Then put them in a leaded pot of earth couer it with another like pot of earth then set it softly on glowing coles so let it softly warme and by little little encrease your heat till the said stuffe be al glowing hote and run so done then let it coole from the fyre then take it forth and breake it small and so grynde it to a fyne poulder and when yee will sowder any yron yee muste make it fast on a borde and see that the ioyntes be sette close together as ye canne and firste lay a paper vnder your yron and put of the sayd poulder a little betwixt the sayd ioynts and also vpon al the ioynts then wrappe it all rounde with claye sauing aboue which yee shall leaue open to sowder at then take of the poulder of Burras and put it in wine luke warme or Aquauite and so let it melt therein so done take of the same wine and with a feather strike on the ioynts aboue which ve vncouered then it will begin to seeth so when it leaueth sething it is then whole sowdred and sound then being so take of your clay and such roughnesse as doeth remayne
put the cleare into a cleane fatte or vessell then take the fourth parte of an ounce of spanish greene calde Verdigreace poulder it well cast it therein and stirre it with a stick or staffe then put in your yearne so turne and tosse it therein the fourthe parte of an hower and then let it drye If it bee not fayre ynough then put it in agayne and doe as before also as ye would dye blue woollen yearne yet shall put it first in warme water then wring it forth and dye it blue as it is aforesayd To dye with brasill as red as a rose Take sixe elles of linnen and thereto halfe a pounde of beaten galles of the best then put it in fayre water and let it seeth about two houres but the galles shoulde rather be all whole and when they are sodde set it from the fyre and put it gently in another Kettle or fatte and then put your linnen therein as hote as you maye handle it and styrre it therein foure houres long that done then wring it well forth and hang it to drye Then take foure ounces of Allum and seeth it with water and when it is sod take it from the fyre and put your galled cloth therein as hote as ye may suffer it the space of a quarter of an houre then take your branne water and put thereof in a Kettle and as it is warme put therein two pound of grening weede let it the first time soke well therein and let it be well and hote but not seeth and then put your cloth therein and stirre and handle it well at the first with your handes nye halfe an houre with a staffe tost well al about and wel handled in the dye and then ye shall take youre cloth and sponge it in water and washe it cleane Then take a little allum and seeth it with water then shall yee haue two ounces of brasill sodde in light water and putte your cloth therein fiue paternosters long Then shall yee haue two ounces of brasill sodde in light water and putte your cloth therein then handle and styrre it well therein and stirre it well about the space of a quarter of an houre and wring it not to sore then drie it Then if it be not dry ynough then weate it as before sayde Howe to make a greene water Take ny halfe an ounce of Verdigreace and crushe it well in a woodden dishe then put thereto the yolke of an egge and too blades of saffron then take of the leaues of spurge halfe a handfull and beate them in a morter and thereto cast a good glassefull of Vineger and strayne it thorow a cloth Then take of this stuffe and put thereof in a dishe with the Verdigreace and stirre it well togeather and make it thinne that it may be the better to dye or to worke with a pensill or as ye shall seeme best To dye fayre Linnen with brasill Ye shall take fayre water and heate it ouer the fyre then shall ye haue the poulder of galles and put thereof into the Kettle ouer the fyre and so let it seeth a quarter of an hower then take it from the fyre and take another vessell and put therein so much colde water as of the other in the Kettle and put that hote in the Kettle therevnto Then put your cloth therein and stirre it well vp and downe therein and as ye haue done so a while then let it lye therein foure houres long in that gall water then take your Kettle agayne with other fayre water and set it ouer the fyre and make it hote then put of Allū therein to the kettle ouer the fyre and as that water is hote and the Allum melted yee must then haue another vessell or fatte with colde water as muche as of the other hote water and put the Allum water therein then putte your cloth therein and styrre it as aforesayde and so let it then lye therein foure houres long so done then yee shall wring it out and hang it to drye or to drye in the ayre but let it not bee too drye Then shall ye take youre brasill made in poulder and put it in the panne and so let it seeth therein the quarter of an houre and before that brasill do seeth ye shal take wheat flower put therein mixe it altogether well in a dish and put it into the Kettle before it do seeth thus done let it seeth and as it hath sod then take forth so much of the brasil as ye may put in your cloth and stirre it well about as is afore declared thus done let your cloth rest therein a good while then wring it forth hang it to dry as it is dry ye shall take that lycor that it hath layn in and put that away thē take agayn so much brasill as before put that cloth therin agayne and then hang it to dry and as it is dry then put it in another lycor hang it agayn to dry then it is ful done And to know the quantitie of weight which is to euery elle of linnen cloth ye shal take a loot of gall pouder so calde in dutch and as much of allum and to eche elle of cloth one ounce of brasill To make a fayre yealow To make a yelow that ye may worke with oyle or water ye shal take woad so much as ye shall please let it stand to soke a night and a day in lye made with sope ashes and when it is thus soked then shal ye seeth it couer it close so long as it seeth thus done then set it from the fire put that lycor into another pan so strayne it thorow a clea◠cloth then take the pan poure the thinnest aboue off so long til ye see the dye vndercome with al then take the fore sayd cloth and straine it again thorow it into another pan so long as ye think the substaunce of the woad doe tary in the cloth til ye thinke that that water is thin ynough to strayne and then ye may vse it A fayre Linnen cloth to dye blue For to dye a fayre blue ye shal take a pan of fayre water hang it ouer the fire let it be seething hote then must ye haue a vessell of halfe an Ame so cald in dutch or thereabout as your lycor is hote put thereto 3 poūd of wheat bran 3 poūd of ashes a pound of grening wede stir al this in the pan let it seeth iii. or iiii paternosters lōg thē take of floray vnder half a pound soke it in faire water let it there rest a quarter of an houre couered thē take your clean vessel or Ame therin put your soked floray then take the hote lycor ouer the fire but let it coole or ye put it into the fatte then put it in and stirre it well and so couer it wel and close and let it so rest sixe houres
and lay it a night therein and a daye so it shall be very soft if ye will haue it hard agayne so quench it in cold water as the other aforesayd Another way to soften yron Take your yron red hote then quenche it in Linseede Oyle doe this so often till ye shall perceiue it to be soft ynough and another is take the blood of Eeles and make your yron hote and quenche therein Agayne to make yron soft Take of clay and lappe it round about your yron with a weat cloth then lay it in a hote fyre of coles or in a fyre of white turffes so lette it lye till hee coole by himselfe Another to soften yron Take the iuyce of an hearbe calde in latine Marubium in English Horehound with the iuyce of gherwe so calde in duche which I take to be Henbane and also the iuyce of Radish and mixe them with Aquauite then quenche therein and when yee will haue it harde agayne then make it red hote as before and quenche it in colde water To make yron as softe as leade Take and make blacke flintes into a fine pouder and grynde it well vpon a paynters stone thē put it in an yron panne and make it red hote then cast it on a marble stone till it be nye colde and then agayne make it red hote then let it coole and grynde it so long till it cleaue to the stone and grynder lyke clay then put that in a glasse and set it vnder the eaues of a house where the sunne commeth not nye in the day then the night after take out the water that ye shall finde in the glasse aboue thereon then take that pouder and grinde it with the water and put it in a stillatory and let it stille out the halfe then reuerse the water agayne vpon the poulder and still it agayne with a soft fire then take and seeth that water till the halfe bee wasted so done then take some yron blade that is newe broke in two put it together holde it so a little while then take of the water which was sod to the halfe with a fether lay it fyrst on the one side of the blade and when that water is colde then lay it on the other side and it wil sowder fast with that water And with this water ye may make steele as soft as lead or butter to make thereof with tooles as in waxe what ye list Also this water is a souerayne thing to helpe the goute if therewith it be annoynted where the greefe is it wil soone remedy it With this water ye may make letters on yron or steele to write with a water thereon with your pen. Then after take of the vnsodden water and put thereto some saffron and grynde it together and then draw thereon what ye will with other water and so let it drye which shall seeme a fayre colour like golde thus ye may mixe and grynde any colour ye please with your sodden water and it will shew in like fayre To make Steele or yron soft Take the iuyce of Hemloc stamp and strayne it then put vnto it of neates Oyle and so warme it and beeing warme make your yron or steele red hote and quenche therein and then heate your yron agayne three or foure times and so quenche therein til ye see your yron become soft and bow like leade also ye may take oyle and droppe into it molten leade three or foure times therin quenche your yron or steele also To make yron or steele so soft that ye maye easily wreath it Take the gall of a Bull or of an Oxe and mixe it with Vernice and pisse with the iuyce of Nettles eche of lyke quantitie then make your Steele or yron red hote and so quenche therein and ye shall see experience To make yron soft another way Take Saluiter Vitrioll in poulder made and well beaten together then yee shall distill them in a Lymbec of glasse Then take the sayd distylde water and your yron which ye would haue softe lay it therein a day and a night then take out your yron and couer it in hote horse dongue the space of fifteene dayes then worke therewith and ye shall see experience Also in making your yron red hote ye may quenche it in Oxe dongue or Cowe dongue mirt with honye and Oyle olyue Then heate it and so often quenche therein and ye shall see it will be so softe that ye may make or worke with it at your pleasure Another good way to soften yron Take hony and scymme it cleane and then take of fresh new gotes pisse a quantitie of roche Allum as muche of Burras also of Oyle olyue and salt in like portion then mixe them all wel together and make your yron red hote and so quenche therein Agayne when ye would soften any yron or steele firste holde it ouer the flame of the fyre til it be hote thē stryke it ouer with suet or other greace then holde it ouer the fire and let it dry in do so twise or thrise and it will be soft Also take of horne and scrape it vpon leather and put thereto Salarmoniac and pisse thereon then turne your yron theron being hote til it hath consumed your leather and stuffe and so it will be soft Likewise take of Salarmoniac of vnsseet lyme of eche like of Venis sope more then both the other stur all well together and lay your steele therein and make it moyste with Vineger so let it rest therein foure dayes and work therwith ye may vse final peeces so but for greater take cow dongue whites of egges and clay temper it with vineger and lay your steele therein Another take salt wyne stone of ech in like portion temper it with clay altogether and so lay your steele therin so lay it in the fyre the space of two houres then take it forth and let it coole of it self and it will be soft Agayne take of sope and vnsleked lyme of eche in lyke portion and of Salarmoniac somewhat lesse and work make a paste thereof then lay your yron or steele therin so lap it round with clay and lay it in the fyre and heat it red hote and then take it forth and let it coole of it self as the other aforesaid and then ye may worke therof at your pleasure A poulder to soften mettals Take iiii parts of looking glasse of galles of other glasse of salt of ech one part beat myx them all well together iii. parts of that same pouder i. part of your mettal and melt them together and so vse it as ye please To make yron harde To make yron hard yee shall take the distilde water of Varuen and heate your yron red hot and quench it therein do thus viii or ix times and ye shal see it very hard also another which is take the greene iuyce of Marubium cald in English horehound with the iuyce of radish mixt
with some Aquauite your yron being red hote quenche therin or take the sayd horehound and dry or burn it and then make poulder therof mixe it with much salt harden therewith Another way to harden yron Take of Antimonia Callamint and Coperose beat ech by himselfe to poulder and then strew therof on your gloing yron and so heate it agayne and all to smeare it with these poulders agayne then temper it with this iuyce following Take the iuyce of Celondine as much of the roots as blades till x pounde waighte and stampe thēm and seeth the iuyce to sixe pounde and when yee will season any mettall quenche in the sayd iuyce of Celidon and it shall be hard To harden hammers and knyues To harden all maner of edge tooles ye shal take horse dongue and then make your Kniues or other tooles redde hote and so quenche it therein also to take the filinges of yron or steele and they will harden also or take shoes and burne them till they be black and make a pouder thereof and take of that poulder with the like quantitie of salte then straw it vnder and aboue your fyles whiche shall bee layde in a square yron couered with a lid of yron ye shall straw your pouder thick theron and then shut it This ye shall make red hote altogither in a hote fire and quicklye quenche it in cold water and so let it coole therein and it will be good and hard To harden another way all kinde of tooles Take the iuyce of Pentasilon that growes in heathes which is a fiue leaued grasse calde of some synke foyle with so much of the iuyce of Wormewood keepe this in a vessell of glasse Then take Pieren so calde in dutche and stampe it and straine it thorow a cloth and al too strike ouer with this your yron being red hote and as it dryeth in strike it so agayne and it wil make it hard Another good to harden yron or steele Take the iuyce of an hearbe called Nigil Romana in Latine it is calde Melanthia and make your yron red hot and quenche therein Agayne to make yron so harde that it will cut all other tooles make it red hote and quenche it in the iuyce of Mouse eare whiche is called in Latine Pilocella To harden yron so hard as steele Take Snayles and the first drawne water of a red die of the which water being taken in the two firste moneths of haruest when it raynes then still it or taken in the end of May then heate your yron red hote and quench it therin and it shal be as hard as steele Also take Fimus humanus the dongue of men still it in a Lymbec so that no water come therevnto it and that it maye bee somewhat drye when ye stille it and take ye heede of his sauour the water ye shal distil twise in a new glasse in Balneo mary that is one glasse within another in a pot of water Ye may do the like stil mens blood of a man of xxx yeres and of sanguine complexion warme and moyst and being of a mery nature and pleasaunt and whole sound of body such a man to be let blood in the middest of his age and that hath plenty of blood distil of his in the middst of may or in May. And thus by proofe and also the water of mans dong if it be wel and rightly stild heate your yron glowing hote and quenche in that water so it wil make it as hard as steele But if that water be not rightly stilde the yron wil not harden therewith but bee as soft as it was before To make yron or steele hard Take the iuyce of Varuen cald in Latine var bena and strayne it into a glasse and ye wil quenche any yron take thereof and put to of mens pisse and the distilde water of wormes so mixe altogether and quenche therein so farre as ye will haue it hard but take heede it be not too harde therfore take it forth soone after and let it coole of it self for when it is well seasoned ye shall see golden spottes on your yron Also the common hardning of yron or steele is in cold water snow water so when the edge shall seeme blue after his hardning signifieth a good sign and a right hardning To make steele hard and to cut well Take an hearbe calde oxe tongue or langdebefe seeth it in water both the rootes and leaues then make your yron or steele red hot and quench therin and ye shal see experience Also take the yelo flagge cald in Latine spatula faetida some doe call it spurge wort take with it Varuayne of eyther like quantitie then seeth them together in fayre water a good space and then let them stand and cleare til it be cold then heate your yron or steele red hote quench therein Yee maye make mustard and put vineger vnto it and quenche your mettals therein Also ye may take the iuyce of earth wormes with the iuyce of housleeke beate them together then strayne them and quenche therein or take of mens heare and heare of beastes and seeth them in water til the water wax reddish colour thē let it coole strayn it and quench therein Also some do quench in the iuice of radish the iuyce of smallage mixt together and the fyne poulder of rosin put therin and therein quenche your mettals Agayne they take the iuyce of Veruin and the iuyce of an hearbe calde Dragons blood and of scraped horne with halfe so muche salt the iuyce of earth wormes and the iuice of radish put al these together aforesayd and therein quench your mettals this way aforesayd are very good to make your mettals so hard as ye would desire make them whole fayre and bright withal To make yron hard without any crackes clefts or warpinges Take first suet or tallow of a beast and melt it then put it in some pot or some other vessell whereas colde water is and this molten suet must be a finger thicke vppon the sayde water and when ye will harden any thing ye must put it downe softly thorow the suet into the sayde water and the quenching first in the suet and then in the Water it doth saue it withoute cracke clefte or warping Another way to harden yron Take the iuyce of Varuin and take of land wormes in the field after the plough or a nights in gardens and put a pinte of those wormes into a leaded pot then put vnto a good handfull of salt then stur them wel and so there will come a water of them and that water straynde vnto the water or iuyce of varuin and when they bee together yee shall quenche therein This way is good for al weapons A way to harden Pikeaxes Fyles or other tooles Take the iuyce of Radish the iuyce of Cadloc the iuice of great worms a quantitie of gotes blood mix altogether your weapons being ground quenche therein likewise