one day called by the Greek name Ephemera or else by the Latin name Diaria chanceth many times through the rashness and small discretion of the keeper or some other that letteth not to ride a Horse unmeasurably either before or after watering whereby the Horse afterward in the stable entreth into an extream heat and so falleth into his Fever which you shall know partly by his waterish and bloud-shotten eyes and partly by his short violent and hot breathing and panting Moreover he will forsake his meat and his legs will wax stiffe and feeble The cure Let him have rest all the next day following and be comforted with warm meat then let him be walked up and down fair and softly and so by little and little brought again to his former estate Of the Fever continual THe Fever continual is that which continueth without intermission and is called in Italian by the Latin name Febris continua which springeth of some inflamation or extream heat bred in the principal members or inward parts about the heart which is known in this sort The Horse doth not take his accustomed rest whereby his flesh doth fall away every day more and more and sometime there doth appear hot inflamations in his flanks and above his withers The cure Purge his head by squirting into his Nostrils Mans urine or the Water of an Ox that hath been rested a certain time to the intent such water may be the stronger and then give him the drink written in the next Chapter Of the Fever taken in the Autumn that is to say at the fall of the leaf IF a Horse chance to get a Fever at the fall of the leaf cause him immediately to be let bloud in the neck vein and also in the third furrow of the roof of his mouth and then give him this drink Take of Jermander four ounces of Gum-dragant and of dryed Roses of each one ounce beat them all into fine powder and put them into a quart of Ale adding thereunto of Oil-olive four ounces and of Hony as much and give it the Horse lukewarm Of the Fever in Summer season A Fever taken in Summer season is much worse then in any other time and especially if it be taken in the Dog days for then the accidents be more furious The signes be these his arteries will beat evidently and he will shed his seed when he staleth and his going will be unorderly The cure Let him bloud in a vein that he hath in his hinder hanch about four fingers beneath the fundament or if you cannot finde that vein let him bloud in the neck vein toward the withers and if it be needful you may also give him this drink Take the juyce of a handful of Parslein mingled with Gum-dragant with Ensens and a few Damask roses beaten all into fine powder and then put thereunto a sufficient quantity of Ale made sweet with Hony Of the Fever in Winter FOr the Fever in Winter it shall be good to take the powder of the drugs last mentioned and with a quill or reed to blow it up into his left nostril to make him to neese It shall be good also to let him bloud in the neck vein and in the palat of the mouth and then give him one of these drinks here following Take of Ireos six ounces of round Pepper one ounce of Bay berries and of the seed of Smallage of each one ounce and let him drink them with sodden Wine Or else take a pinte of good Milk and put therein of Oile four ounces of Saffron one scruple of Myrrhe two scruples of the seed of Smallage a spoonful and make him drink that or make him this drink Take of Aristoloch otherwise called round Hartwort one ounce of Gentian of Hysop of Worm-wood of Sothernwood of each one ounce of dry fat figs six ounces of the seed of Smallage three ounces of Rue a handful boil them all in a clean Vessel with River Water untill the third part be consumed and when you see it look black and thick take it from the fire strain it and give the Horse to drink thereof lukewarm As touching his diet let his water be alwayes lukewarm wherein would be put a little Wheat meal and remember to give him no meat so long as his fit continueth And because in all Agues it is good to quicken the natural heat of the Horse by rubbing and fretting his body it shall not be amisse in some fair day to use this Friction called of the ancient writers Apotorapie which is made in this sort Take of Damaske Roses one pound of old Oil a pinte of strong Vinegar a pinte and a half of Mints and Rue beaten into powder of each one ounce and a half together with one old dry Nut beat them and mingle them together then being strained and made lukewarm rub and chafe all the Horses body therewith against the hair untill he beginneth to sweat then set him up in the warmest place of the stable and cover him well Of the Fever which cometh of raw Digestion or of Repletion YOu shall know if the Fever proceedeth of any such cause by these signes here following The Horse will blow at the nose more then he is accustomed to do seemeth to fetch his winde only at his nose and his breath will be short hot and dry you shall see his flanks walk and his back to beat The cure Cause him to be let bloud abundantly in the head and palat of his month and by squirting warm Vinegar in the morning into his nostrils force him to neese and if he be costive let his fundament be raked or else give him a Glyster to ease the pain in his head And as touching his diet give him but litttle provender or hay neither let him drink much nor often but betwixt times But in any wise let him be well rubbed and chafed and that a good while together and if you use the Friction declared in the last Chapter before in such sort as there is said it shall do him very much good Of the Fever accidental coming of some Vlcer in the mouth or throat THe Horse not being well kept and governed after that he hath been let bloud in the upper parts yea and also besides that of his own nature is subject unto the distillation in his throat or parts thereabout the painful swelling or Ulcer whereof causeth the Horse to fall into a grievous Ague Whereof besides the former remedies apt to purge humors it shall be necessary also to let him bloud in the vein of the head and in the palat of his mouth and to be short in all those places where the disease causeth most grief And if the Horse be so sore pained as he cannot swallow down his meat it shall be good to give him lukewarm water mingled with Barley meal or Wheat meal and beside that to make him swallow down seven sops sopped in Wine one after another at one
time some use at the second time to dip such sops in sweet Sallet Oil. Thus far Vâ—getius Of the Pestilent Ague IT seemeth by Laurentius Russius that Horses be also subject to a Pestilent Fever which almost incurable is called of him Infirmitas Epidemialis that is to say a Contagious and pestiferous disease whereof there dyed in one year in Rome above a thousand Horses which as I take it came by some corruption of the air whereunto Rome in the chief of Summer is much subject or else corrupt humours in the body ingendered by unkind food by reason perhaps that the City was then pesteted with more Horse-men then there could be conveniently harbored or fed Laurentius himself rendreth no cause thereof but only sheweth signes how to know it which be these The Horse holdeth down his head eateth little or nothing his eyes waterish and his flanks do continually beat The Cure First give him this Glyster Take of the pulp of Coloquintida one ounce of Dragantum one ounce and a fals of Ceutaury and Wormwood of each one handful of Castore 〈…〉 half an ounce boil them in Water then being strained dissolve therein of Gerologundinum six ounces of Salt an ounce and a half and half a pound of Oil-olive and minister it lukewarm with a horn or pipe made of purpose Make also this Plaister for his head Take of Squilla five ounces of Elder of Castoreum of Mustard seed and of Eusorbium of each two ounces dissolve the same in the juice of Daffodil and of Sage and lay it to the Temples of his head next unto his eares or else give him any of these three drinks following Take of the best Triacle two or three ounces and distemper it in good Wine and give it him with a horn or else let him drink every morning the space of three dayes one pound or two of the juyce of Elder roots or else give him every morning to eat a good quantity of Venus hair called of the Latins Capillus Veneris newly and fresh gathered but if it be old then boil it in Water and give him the decoction thereof to drink with a horn Martins opinion and experience touching a Horses Fever THough Martin have not seen so many several kinds of Fevers to chance to Horses yet he confesseth that a Horse will have a Fever and saith that you shall know it by these signes For after the Horse hath been sick two or three dayes if you look upon his tongue you shall see it almost raw and scalt with the heat that comes out of his body and he will shake and trembles reel and stagger when his fit cometh which fit will keep his due hours both of coming and also 〈◊〉 continuance unlesse you prevent it by putting the Horse into a heat which would be done so soon as you see him begin to tremble either by riding him or tying up his legs and by chasing him up and down in the stable untill he leave shaking and then let him be kept warm and stand on the bit the space of two houres that done you may give him some hay by a little at once and give him warm water with a little ground malt twice a day the space of three or four dayes and once a day wash his tongue with Alomwater Vinegar Sage But if you see that all this prevaile not then purge him with this drink after that he hath fasted all one night Take of Aloes one ounce of Agarick half an ounce of Licoras and Annis seeds of each a dram beaten to powder and let him drink it with a quart of white wine likewarme and made sweet with a little hony in the morning fasting and let him be chafed a little after it and be kept warm and suffered to stand on the bit meatlesse two or three hours after and he shall recover his health again quickly Of sickness in general and the Fever IN general sickness is an opposite foe to nature warring against the agents of the body and mind seeking to confound those actions which uphold and maintain the bodies strength and livelyhood Who coveteth to have larger definition of sickness let him read Vegetius Rusius or excellent Master Blundevile who in that hath been admirably well-deserving painful For mine one part my intent is to write nothing more then mine own experience and what I have approved in Horses diseases most availeable and first of the Fever or Ague in a Horse though it be a disease seldom or not at all noted by our Mechanical Horse Farriars who cure many times what they know not and kill where they might cure knew they the cause yet I have my self seen of late both by the demonstrate opinions of others better learned and by the effects of the disease some two Horses which I dare avouch were mightily tormented with a Fever though divers Leeches had thereof given divers opinions one saying it was the Bots by reason of his immoderate languishment another affirmed him to be bewitched by reason of great shaking heaviness and sweating but I have found it and approved it to be a Fever both in effect nature and quality the cure whereof is thus for the original cause of a Fever is surfet breeding putrifaction in the bloud then when his shaking beginneth take three new laid Egges break them in a dish and beat them together then mix thereto five or six spoonfuls of excellent good Aquavitae and give it him in a horn then bridle him and in some Close or Court chafe him till his shaking cease and he begin to sweat then set him up and cloath him warm And during the time of his sickness give him no water to drink but before he drink it boil therein Mallowes Sorrel Purslain of each two or three handfuls As for his food let it be sodden Barly and now and then a little Rie in the sheaf to clense and purge him chiefly if he be dry inwardly and grow costive This I have proved uneffectless for this disease and also much availeable for any other inward sickness proceeding either of raw digestion too extream riding or other surfet Divers have written diversly of divers Agues and I could prescribe receipts for them but since I have not been experimented in them all I mean to omit them intending not to exceed mine own knowledge in any thing Of the Pestilence THe Pestilence is a contagious disease proceeding as Pelaganius saith sometime of overmuch labour heat cold hunger and sometime of sudden running after long rest or of the retention or holding of stale or urine or of drinking cold water whiles the Horse is hot and sweating for all these things do breed corrupt humors in the Horses body whereof the Pestilence doth chiefly proceed or else of the corruption of the air poisoning the breath whereby the Beasts should live which also happeneth sometime of the corruption of evill vapors and exhalations that spring out of the earth and
hath been layed before in steep in Goats milk or else in Barley or Oaten milk strained out of the Corn. When the Apostume is broken then a very strong vile and evill â—avour will come out of his Nostrils for remedy whereof it shall be good to give him the space oâ— seven dayes this drink here following Take of the root called Costus two ounces and of Gasia or else of Cinnamon three ounces into fine powder and a few Raisins and give it him to drink with wine But Vegetius would have him to be cured in this sort and with lesse cost I assure you Take of Frankincense and Aristoloch of each two ounces beaten into fine powder and give him that with wine or else take of unburnt Brimstone two ounces and of Aristoloch one ounce and a half beaten into powder and give him that with wine And he would have you also to draw his beast with a hot iron to the intent the humors may issue forth outwardly Of shortness of breath A Horse may have shortness of breath by hasty running after drinking or upon a full stomach or by the descending of humors unto his throat or lungs after some extreme heat dissolving the said humors which so long as there is nothing broken may in the beginning be easily holpen The signes be these The Horse will continually pant and fetch his breath short which will come very hot out at his nose and in his breathing he will â—quise in the nose and his flanks will beat thick yea and some cannot fetch their breath unlesse they hold their necks right out and straight which disease is called of the old writers by the Greek name Orthopnoea The cure Let him bloud in the neck and give him this drink Take of Wine and Oil of each a pinte of Frankincense half an ounce and of the juice of Horehound half a pinte It is good also to powre into his throat Hony Butter and Hogs grease moulten together and made lukewarm Tiberius saith it is good to give him whole Egges shels and all steeped and made soft in Vinegar that is to say the first day three the second day five and the third day seven and to powre Wine and oil into his nostrils I for my part would take nothing but Annis seeds Licoras and Sugarcandy beaten all into fine powder give him that to drink with Wine and Oil mingled together Of the Pursick THis is a shortness of breath and the Horse that is so diseased is called of the Italians Cavallo pulsivo or Bolso which I think is derived of the Latin word Vulsus by changing V. into B. and I think differeth not much from him that hath broken lungs called of Vegetius and other old writers Vulsus for such shortness of breath comes either of the same causes or else much like as aboundance of grosse humors cleaving hard to the hollow places of the Lungs and stopping the windepipes And the winde being kept in doth resort downward as Russius saith into the Horses guts and so causeth his flanks to beat continually without order that is to say more swiftly and higher up to the back then the flanks of any Horse that is sound of winde And if the disease be old it is seldom or never cured and though I finde many medicines prescribed by divers Authors few or none do content me unless it be that of Vegetius recited before in the Chapter of broken Lungs And if that prevaileth not then I think it were not amisse according to Russius to purge him with this drink here following Take of Maiden hair of Ireos of Aâ—h of Licoras of Fenigreek of Raisins of each half an ounce of Cardanum of Pepper of Bitter Almonds of Baurach of each two ounces of Nettle seed and of Aristoloch of each three ounces boil them all together in a sufficient quantity of water and in that decoction dissolve half an ounce of Agarick and two ounces of Coloquintida together with two pound of Hony and give him of this a pinte or a quart at divers times and if it be too thick make it thinner by putting thereunto water wherein Licoras hath been sodden and if need be you may also draw both his flanks crosse-wise with a hot iron to restrain the beating of them and also slit his Nostrils to give him more air And if it be in Summer turn him to grasse if in Winter let him be kept warm and give him now and then a little sodden whâ—at Russius would have it to be given him three dayes together and also new sweet wine to drink oâ—â—lse other good wine mingled with Licoras water Of a Consumption A Consumption is no other thing but an exulceration of the lungs proceeding of some fretting or gnawing humor descending out of the head into the lungs And I take it to be that disease which the old Writers are wont to call the dry Malady which perhaps some would rather interpret to be the mourning of the chine with whom I intend not to strive But thus much I must needs say that every Horse having the mourning of the Chine doth continually cast at the nose but in the dry Malady it is contrary For all the Authors that write thereof affirm that the Horse avoideth nothing at the nose And the signes to know the dry Malady according to their doctrine be these His flesh doth clean consume away his belly is gaunt and the skin thereof so hard stretched or rather shrunk up as if you strike on him with your hand it will sound like a Taber and he will be hollow backt and forsake his meat and though he eateth iâ— as Absyrtus saith yet he doth not digest it nor prospereth not withal he would cough and cannot but hickingly as though he had eaten small bones And this disease is judged of all the Authors to be incurable Notwithstanding they say that it is good to purge his head with such perfumes as have been shewed you before in the Chapter of the Glanders and also to give him always Coleworts chopt small with his provender Some would have him to drink the warm bloud of sucking Pigs new slain and some the juyce of Leeks with Oyl and Wine mingled together Others praise Wine and Frankincense some Oyl and Rue some would have his body to be purged and set to grass Of the Consumption of the Flesh and how to make a lean Horse fat MArtin â—aith that if a Horse take a great cold after a heat it will cause his flesh to wast and his skin to wax hard and dry and to cleave fast to his sides and he shall have no appetite unto his meat and the fillets of his back will fall away and all the flesh of his buttocks and of his shoulders will be consumed The cure whereof is thus Take two Sheeps heads unflead boyl them in three gallons of Ale or fair running water until the flesh be consumed from the bones that done strain it through a fine
or falling The signes be these The Horse will halt and in his going he will go sideling and the sore hip will fall lower then the other and the flesh in processe of time will consume clean away And if it be suffered to run so long it will never be restored unto his pristine estate The best way as Martin saith to make him go upright is to charge his hip and back with Pitch and Rosen molten together and laid on warm and then some flocks of his own colour to be clapped upon the same and so let him run to grasse untill he go upright But the sore hip will never rise again so high as the other If the Horse be not hipped but only hurt in the hip and that newly then first take of the Oyl de-bay of Dialthea of Nerval of Swines grease melt them all together stirring them continually until they be throughly mingled together and anoint the sore place against the hair with this Ointment every day once the space of a fortnight and make the Ointment to sink well into the flesh by holding a hot broad bar over the place anointed weaving your hand to and fro until the Ointment be entred into the skin And if at the fortnights end you see that the Horse amendeth no whit for this then slit a hole downward in his skin and an inch beneath the hip-bone making the hole so wide as you may easily thrust in a rowel with your finger and then with a little broad slice or iron loosen the skin from the flesh above the bone and round about the same so broad as the rowel may lie flat and plain betwixt the skin and the flesh which rowel would be made of soft Calves Leather with a hole in the midst like a ring having a threed tied unto it to pull it out when you would cleanse the hole and if the rowel be rolled about with flax fast tyed on and anointed with the ointment under written it will draw so much the more and thrust in the rowel first double and then spread it abroad with your finger That done tent it with a good long tent of flax or tow dipt in a little Turpentine and Hogs grease molten together and made warm and cleanse the hole and the rowel every day once and also renew the tent every day for the space of a fortnight And before you dresse him cause him every day to be led up and down a foot pace a quarter of an hour to make the humors come down and at the fortnights end pull out the rowel and heal up the wound with the same salve making the tent every day lesser and lesser until it be whole And so soon as it is whole draw with a hot Iron crosse lines of eight or nine inches long right over the hip-bone so as the rowelled place may be in the very midst thereof and burn him no deeper but so as the skin may look yellow and then charge all that place and over all his buttocks with this charge Take of Pitch a pound of Rosen half a pound of Tar half a pinte boyl them together and then being good and warm spread it on with a clout tyed in a riven stick and then clap on a few flocks of the Horses colour And if it be in Summer let the Horse run to grasse a while for the more he travelleth at his own will the better it is for him Of stifling and hurts in the stifle THe Horse is said to be stifled when the stifling bone is removed from the place but if it be not removed nor loosened and yet the Horse halteth by means of some grief there then we say that the Horse is hurt in the stifle and not stifled The stifle cometh by means of â—ome blow or some great strain slipping or sliding The signes be these If he be stifled the one bone will stick out farther then the other and is apparent to the eye Martin would have you to cure the stifle in all points like unto the shoulder-pight saving that the pins need not be so long because the stifling place is not so broad as the shoulder and standing in the stable let him have a pastern with a Ring on his sore-leg and thereunto fasten a cord which cord must go about his neck and let it be so much strained as it may bring his sore leg more forward then the other to keep the bone from starting out But if the Horse be but hurt in the stifle with some stripe or strain then the bone will not stand out but perhaps the place may be swollen The cure according to Martin is thus First anoint the place with the Ointment mentioned before every day once the space of a fortnight and if the Horse amend not with this then rowel him with a hearen rowel or else with a quill and let the neather hole be somewhat before the sore place and cleanse the hole every day by turning the rowel continuing still to anoint the place with the Ointment aforesaid and that will make him whole Of foundering behind THis haps most commonly when a Horse is very fat and hath his grease moulten within him which is soon done with every little heat You shall perceive it by his going for he will be afraid to set his hinder-feet to the ground and he will be so weak behind as he will stand quivering and shaking and covet alwayes to lie down The cure according to Martin is thus First garter him about the houghes and then force him to go a while to put him in a heat and being some-what warm let him bloud in the thigh veins reserving of that bloud a pottle to make him a charge in this sort Put unto that bloud of Wheat-flower and of Bean-flower of each a quarter of a peck of Bole-armony one pound of Sanguis Draconis two ounces six Egges shels and all of Turpentine half a pound of Vinegar a quart mingle all these things together and therewith charge both his hinder-legs his reins and flanks all against the hair And if the Horse cannot dung let him be raked and give him this glyster Take of Mallowes three handfuls and boyl them well in fair Water from a pottle to a quart then strain it and put thereunto half a pound of Butter and of Sallet Oyl a quarter of a pinte and having emptied his belly give him also this drink to comfort him Take of Malmesie a quart and put thereunto a little Cinamon Mace and Pepper beaten into fine powder and of Oyl a quarter of a pinte and give the Horse to drink of that luke-warm with a horn That done let him be walked up and down a good while together if he be able to go if not then tie him up to the rack and let him be hanged with Canvas and Ropes so as he may stand upon the ground with his feet For the lesse he lyeth the better and pare his hinder-feet thin untill the dew come out and
Sumach Purslain seed and flowers of wilde Pomgranates strain the decoction and make up all with Sugar or the purest Honey of Athens Another Take Southernwood Calamint eight penny weight Horse mints Elecampane-root fresh six penny weight boyl them in water to a third part this decoction is given with syrup of Wormwood or Oxymel of Squils Also Worm-wood-wine is much commended for these uses but it is made divers waies for some let down Celtick nard 40 drams bound in a linnen clout into a measure of new Wine and after 40 daies they strain it Others cast a pound of Wormwood into 20 sextarii of sweet Wine and a sixth part of Pitch Rosin and after ten daies they strain it and lay it up for use A syrup against Worms with a Feaver and the symptomes Take sixteen penny weight of Grass-roots Purslain-seed sowr Dock of each eight penny weight ten sebestens boyl all to thirds to these add the juyce of Pomegranates and Oranges or sowr Wine of each one and half cyathus in weight as much of juyce of garden Succory the best Sugar what may suffice boyl them to a syrup you may give Infants half an ounce and young children one ounce without danger A Julep that shall help those are affected with Worms Take Dittany of Crete Gentian Zedoary Arabian Costus one penny weight seeds of Coleworts Dill Wormwood Purslain of each alike as much water of Mints Wormwood Grass of each half a hemina weight boyl them to thirds and strain them to these add of the best Sugar twenty penny weight But in a Feaver you may give the decoction in water or Grass-roots Wheat Barley of each fifteen penny weight to a large quantity to drink Another most effectual and very sweet Distilled water of Sorrel Roses Grass garden Endive Bugloss juyce of Pomgranates of each oâ—e hemina weight seeds of Purslain Orach Sumach Citrons of each three penny weight Coriander-seed Myrtle-berries wilde Smallage of each two penny weight seeds of sowr Dock Coleworts Cummin of each the same weight red Roses Tormentil Barberies of each two penny weight so much weight of Balaustia five penny weight of the ashes of burnt Harts-horn white Dittany of Crete eight penny weight the shels of Mulberry-roots barked Fern-roots of each two penny weight ten Sebestens one penny weight of red Coral white Sugar what may suffice make a Julep But the most present remedy of all is that the Apothecaries call commonly Diaturpethum but chiefly with Rhubarb three drams of it being swallowed down which being it is proved by long experience so it hath also great reason for it that it should be preferred before all other remedies For children enticed by the sweetness of the Antidote will take it down willingly and the Rhubarb kils the Worms and the parts are strengthned by it The Turpeth drives them from their nests and the rest of the ingredients do not only make it pleasant but harmless so that it is most sweet harmless and strong all at once it is made thus Take white Sanders and red Violets Ginger of each two penny weight Anniseed Cinnamon Saffron Mastick of Chius each one penny weight Myrthita which the Apothecaries call Turpeth eight penny weight Rhubarb ten penny weight Scammony as it is usually prepared four penny weight the purest Sugar 190 penny weight make up all with that and make Troches as the Greeks call them from the form each three drams weight where you have need of them give one for this disease Another Antidote Take Rhubarb Saffron Scammony Wormseed Dittany of Crete each two penny weight the best Sugar eighty penny weight make them up with Grass-water and make Troches one penny weight of this is given to Infants without danger being dissolved in Grass-water The powder I use is good and a powder thus prepared Take Rhubarb Agarick Germander of each two penny weight Sea-moss four penny weight Wormseed and Purslain-seed of each two penny weight unwashed Aloes six penny weight give a scruple of this or two oboli in Wine to children safely Sometimes all these are bruised and sifted and made into pils with the juyce of Wormwood or Mints and three of them are swallowed down Another for the same by another Author Take Harts-horn burnt the less Centory Mints Penniroyal Water-mints Worm-wood Santonicum Germander Lupins of each four penny weight bring all to very fine powder and give it with Milk Vinegar or Oxymel or any way Another of the new Writers that is approved Take Rhubarb Coriander-seed Basil-seed Plantain Pomgranate pils Carway-seeds Sumach of each two penny weight Carduus Benedictus seed shavings of Harts-horn and of Ivory of each eight penny weight the bark of the roots of Mulberries pill'd Colewort-seeds Citron Apple-seeds bark of Willowes of each six penny weight Purslain-seed Dittany of Crete four penny weight of each Pearls red Coral of each two penny weight dry them and bring them to fine powder one or two drams of this with Wine in winter and where there is no Feaver or with Oxycrate in summer or to those that are in a Feaver is safely given An Antidote that kils Worms diminisheth a Feaver and helps against pains of the heart Take Wormseed Sea-moss seed of wilde Smallage Harts-horn burnt white of each alike infuse them all three daies in Vinegar wherein let these things first boyl Purslain-seed Sorrel-seed Sumach Coriander Colewort-seed and a little Myrrhe then dry them and add to them Orange-seeds two parts Citron-seeds one part make them up with Sugar dissolved in the Wine of Pomgranates and make morsels to which you may add some little Cinamon and Musk. But because it hath been seen oft-times that Medicaments outwardly applied have done much good against Worms it is but reasonable that I should set down the manner of them For by these we not only defend our bodies but also we kill the Worms and drive them out dead wherefore this may suffice that hath Lupin-meal less Centory leaves of Peach-tree and Horehound bruise them with Posca and lay them to the belly Another tryed by our newer Physitians Take the less Centory boyled in the oyl of Peach-kernels anoint the Navil with this and it will drive forth the Worms Another Tost Barly-bread and infuse it in Vinegar then press it out and infuse it again in the juyce of Peach-leaves lay it on warm to the belly with a linnen clout Others mingle Lupine meal Southernwood and Buls gall Again Take Lupine-meal Centory the less of each four penny weight Aloes Buls gall of each 4 oboli make them up with juice of Wormwood and laid to children very young Another Take Wormwood Gith ashes of Harts-horn of each a like quantity mingle them with Honey and anoint them Another good for the stomach that kils Worms and is good against the belly flux Take Wormwood Mints Roses Santonicum Lupin-meal of each eight penny weight tosted bread infused in the sharpest vinegar four penny weight Buls gall sixteen penny-weight Mountain-nard Water-flag
hath any Pearl growing in his eye or thin film covering the ball of his eye then Russius would have you take of Pumice stone of Tarturam and of sal Gemmâ— of each like weight and being beaten into very fine powder to blow a little of that in his eye continuing so to do every day once or twice untill he be whole Martin saith that he always used to blow a little Sandivoir into the eye once a day which simple he affirmeth to be of such force as it will break any Pearl or Web in short space and make the eye very clear and fair Russius amongst a number of other medicines praiseth most of all the powder of a black flint stone Of the Pin and Web and other dimness FOr to cure the Pin Web Pearl Film or other dimness use this means following Take of Sandivoir the powder of burnt Allum and the powder of black Flint-stone of each like quantity and once a day blow a little thereof into the Horses eye and it will wear away such imperfect matter and make the eye clear Of the Haw called of the Italians Ilunghia de gli occhi THis is a gristle covering sometime more then one half of the eye It proceedeth of gross and tough humors descending out of the head which Haw as Martin saith would be cut away in this sort First pull both the eye-lids open with two several threds stirched with a needle to either of the lids Then catch hold of the Haw with another needle and thred and pull it out so far as you may cut it round the bredth of a penny and leave the black behinde For by cutting away too much of the fat and black of the eye the Horse many times becometh blear-eyed And the Haw being clean taken away squirt a little white Wine or Beer into his eye Another of the Haw A Haw is a gross gristle growing under the eye of a Horse and covering more then one half of his sight which if he be suffered will in short time perish the eye the cure is thus Lay your thumb under his eye in the very hollow then with your finger pull down the lid and with a sharp needle and thred take hold of the Haw and plucking it out with a sharp knife cut it away the compass of a penny or more that done wash the eye with a little Beer Of Lunatich Eyes VEgetius writeth De oculo Lunatico but he sheweth neither cause nor signes thereof but only saith that the old men tearmed it so because it maketh the eye sometime to look as though it were covered with white and sometime clear Martin saith that the Horse that hath this disease is blinde at certain times of the Moon insomuch that he seeth almost nothing at all during that time and then his eyes will look yellowish yea and somewhat reddish which disease according to Martin is to be cured in this fort First use the platster mentioned before in the chapter of Waterish or Weeping eyes in such order as is there prescribed and then with a sharp knife make two slits on both sides of his head an inch long somewhat towards the nose a handful beneath the eyes not touching the vein and with a cornet loosen the skin upward the breadth of a groat and thrust therein a round peece of leather as broad as a two penny peece with a hole in the midst to keep the hole open and look to it once a day that the matter may not be stopped but continually run the space of ten days then take the leather out and healthe wound with a little flax dipt in the salve here following Take of Turpentine of Honey of Wax of each like quantity and boyl them together which being a little warmed will be liquid to serve your purpose and take not away the plaisters from the temples untill they fall away of themselves which being fallen then with a small hot drawing Iron make a star in the midst of each temple 〈…〉 where the plaister did ly Which star would have â—hole in the midst made with the button end of your drawing Iron Another of Lunatick or Moon-eyes OF these Lunatick eyes I have known divers they are blinde at certain times of the Moon they are very red fiery and full of film they come with over-riding and extraordinary heat and fury the cure of them is thus Lay upon the Temples of his head a plaister of Bitch Rozen and Mastick molten together very exceeding hot then with a little round Iron made for the purpose burn three or four holes an inch or more underneath his eyes and anoint those holes every day with Hogs grease then put it in his eyes every day with a little Honey and in short time he will recover his sight Of the Canker in the Eye THis cometh of a ranck and corrupt bloud descending from the head into the eye The signes You shall see red pimples some small and some great both within and without upon the eye-lids and all the eye will look red and be full of corrupt matter The cure according to Martin is thus First let him bloud on that side the neck that the eye is grieved the quantity of a pottle Then take of Roch Allum of green Copperas of each half a pound of white Copperas one ounce and boil them in three pintes of running water untill the half be consumed then take it from the fire and once a day wash his eye with this water being made luke-warm with a fine linnen cloth and cleanse the eye therewith so oft as it may look raw continuing thus to do every day untill it be whole Of diseases incident to the Ears and Poll of the head and first of aâ— Impostume in the Ear. IMpostumes breed either by reason of some blow or bruising or else of evill humors congealed in the ear by some extream cold the signes be apparent by the burning and painful swelling of the ear and part thereabout The cure according to Martin is in this sort First ripe the Impostume with this plaister Take of Linseed beaten into powder of Wheat flowre of each half a pinte of Honey a pinte of Hogs grease or Barrows grease one pound Warm all these things together in an earthen pot and stir them continually with a flat stick or slice untill they be throughly mingled and incorporated together and then spread some of this plaister being warm upon a peece of linnen cloth or soft white leather so broad as the swelling and no more and lay it warm unto it and so let it remain one whole day and then renew it with fresh Ointment continuing so to do untill it break then lance the sore so that it may have passage downward and tent it to the bottom with a tent of flax dipt in this Ointment Take of Mel Rosatum of Oyl Olive and Turpentine of each two ounces and mingle them together and make him a
another but betwixt every squirting give him liberty to hold down his head and to blow out the filthy matter for otherwise perhaps you may choke him And after this it shall be good also without holding up his head any more to wash and rub his nostrils with a fine clowt bound to a white sticks end and wet in the water aforesaid and serve him thus once a day untill he be whole Of bleeding at the Nose I Have seen Horses my self that have bled at the nose which have had neither sore nor ulcer in their nose and therefore I cannot choose but say with the Physitians that it cometh by means that the vein which endeth in that place is either opened broken or fettered It is opened many times by means that bloud aboundeth too much or for that it is too fine or too subtil and so pierceth through the vein Again it may be broken by some violent strain cut or blow And finally it may be fretted or gnawn through by the sharpness of some bloud or else of some other humor contained therein As touching the cure Martin saith it is good to take a pinte of red Wine and to put therein a quartern of Bole Armony beaten into fine powder and being made luke-warm to pour the one half thereof the first day into his nostril that bleedeth causing his head to be holden up so as the liquor may not fall out and the next day to give him the other half But if this prevaileth not then I for my part would cause him to be let bloud in the breast vein on the same side that he bleedeth at several times then take of Frankincense one ounce of Aloes half an ounce and beat them into powder and mingle them throughly with the whites of Egges untill it be so thick as Honey and with soâ—t Hares hair thrust it up into his nostril filling the hole so full as it cannot fall out or else fill his nostrils full of Asses dung or Hogs dung for either of them is excellent good to restrain any flux of bloud Of the bleeding at the Nose or to stanch Flux of bloud in any sort I Have known many Horses in great danger by bleeding and I have tryed divers remedies for the same yet have I not found any more certain then this take a spoonful or two of his bloud and put it in a Sawcer and set it upon a chafing dish of coals and let it boyl till it be all dryed up into powder then take that powder and if he bleed at the nose with a Cane or Quill blow the same up into his nostrils if his bleeding come of any wound or other accident then into the wound put the same powder which is a present remedy New Horse-dung or earth is a present remedy applyed to the bleeding place and so are Sage leaves bruised and put into the wound Of the diseases in the Mouth and first of the bloudy Rifts or Chops in the Palat of the Mouth THis disease is called of the Italians Palatina which as Laurentius Russius saith cometh by eating hay or provender that is full of pricking seeds which by continual pricking and fretting the furrows of the mouth do cause them to ranckle and to bleed corrupt and stinking matter which you shall quickly remedy as Martin saith by washing first the sore places with Vinegar and Salt and then by anointing the same with Honey Of the Bladders in a Horses mouth which our old Farriers were wont to call the Gigs The Italians call them Froncelle THese be little soft swellings or rather pustules with black heads growing in the inside of his lips next unto the great jaw-teeth which are so painful unto the Horse as they make him to let his meat fall out of his mouth or at the least to keep it in his mouth unchawed whereby the Horse prospereth not Russius saith that they come either by eating too much cold grass or else pricking dusty and filthy provender The cure whereof according to Martin is in this sort Slit them with a lancet and thrust out all the corruption and then wash the sore places with a little Vinegar and Salt or else with Allum water Of the Bladders in a Horses mouth SOme Horses will have bladders like paps growing in the inside of their lips next to their great teeth which are much painful the cure whereof is thus Take a sharp pair of shears and clip them away close to the gum and then wash the sore place with running water Allum and Honey boiled together till it be whole Of the Lampass THe Lampass called of the Italians Lampasous proceedeth of the abundance of bloud resorting to the first furrow of the mouth I mean that which is next unto the upper fore-teeth causing the said furrow to swell so high as the Horses teeth so as he cannot chew his meat but is forced to let it fall out of his mouth The remdy is to cut all the superfluous flesh away with a crooked hot iron made of purpose which every Smith can do Another of the Lampass THe Lampass is a thick spongy flesh growing over a Horses upper teeth hindering the conjunction of his chaps in such sort that he can hardly eat the cure is as follloweth Cut all that naughty flesh away with a hot iron and then rub the sore well with Salt which the most ignorant Smith can do sufficiently Of the Canker in the mouth THis disease as Martin saith is a rawness of the mouth and tongue which is full of blisters so as be cannot eat his meat Which proceeds of some unnatural heat coming from the stomach For the cure whereof take of Allum half a pound of Honey a quarter of a pinte of Columbinâ— leaves of Sage leaves of each a handful boyl all these together in three pintes of water untill a pinte be consumed and wash the sore places therewith so as it may bleed continuing so to do every day once untill it be whole Another of the Canker in the mouth THis disease proceedeth of divers causes as of unnatural heat of the stomach of foul feeding or of the rust or venome of some â—it oâ— snaâ—â—el undiscr 〈…〉 lookt unto The cure is thus Wash the sore place with warm Vinegar made thick with the powder of Allum two or three dayes together every time until it bleed which will kill the poison and vigor of the exulcerated matter then make this water Take of running water a quart of Allum four ounces of Hony four or five spoonfuls of Woodhine leaves of Sage leaves and of Columbine leaves of each half a handful boil all these together till one half he consumed then take it off and every day with the water warmed wash the sore until it be whole Of the heat in the mouth and lips SOmetime the heat that cometh out of the stomach breedeth no Canker but maketh the mouth hot and causeth the Horse to forsake
mangy Horse hath rubbed or of filthy dust lying in the mane for lack of good dressing The signes be apparent by the itching and rubbing of the Horse and the Scabs fretting both flesh and skin The cure according to Martin is thus Take of fresh grease one pound of Quicksilver half an ounce of Brimstone one ounce of Rape oil half a pinte mingle them together and stir them continually in a pot with a slice untill the Quicksilver be so wrought with the rest as you shall perceive no Quicksilver therein That done take a blunt knife or an old Horse-comb and scratch all the mangy places therewith untill it be raw and bloudy and then anoint it with this ointment in the sun-shine if it may be to the intent the ointment may sink in or else hold before it in a fire-pan or some broad bar of iron made hot to make the ointment to melt into the flesh And if you see that within the space of three dayes after with this once anointing he leave hot rubbing then marke in what place he rubbeth and dresse that place again and you shall see it heal quickly Of the falling of the hair of the Mane IT falleth for the most part because it is eaten with little Wormes fretting the roots in sundeâ— which according to Martin you shall remedy in this sort Anoint the mane and Crest with Sope then make strong lie and wash all the mane and Crest withall and that will kill the Wormes within twice or thrice washing Of griefs in the withers TO a Horses withers and back do chance many griefs and sorances which as Russius saith do sometime proceed of inward causes as of the corruption of humors and sometime of outward causes as through the galling and pinching of some naughty saddle or by some heavy burthen laid on the Horses back or such like And of such griefs some be but superficial blisters swellings lightgals or bruisings and be easily cured Some again do pierce to the very bone and be dangerous and especially if they be nigh the back bone let us first then shew you the cure of the smaller griefs and then of the greater Another of blisterings or small swellings in the withers or back and gallings WHensoever you see any swelling rise then Martin would have you to binde a little hot Horse dung unto it and that will asswage it If not then to prick it round about the swelling either with a fleam or else with a sharp pointed knife not too deep but so as it may pierce the skin and make the bloud to issue forth That done take of Mallowes or else of Smallage two or three handfuls and boil them in running water untill they be so soft as pap then strain the water from it and bruise the herbs in a trean dish putting thereunto a little Hogs grease or else Sallet oil or Sheeps sewet or any other fresh grease boil them and stir them together not frying them hard but so as it may be soft and supple and then with a cloud lay it warm upon the sore renewing it every day once untill the swelling be gone For this will either drive it away or else bring it into his head which lightly chanceth not unlesse there be some gristle or bone perished Russius biddeth you so soon as you see any swelling rise to shave the place with a rasor lay thereunto this plaister Take a little Wheat flower and the white of an Egge beaten together and spead it on a little clout which being laid unto the swelling two or three dayes and not removed will bring it to a head and when you come to take it off pull it away so softly as you can possible and whereas you see the corruption gathered together then in the lowest place thereof pierce it upward with a sharp iron somewhat hot that the corruption may come out and anoint the sore place every day once with fresh Butter or Hogs grease but if the skin be only chafed off without any swelling then wash the place with Water and Salt or else with warm Wine and sprinkle this powder thereon Take of unsleck't Lime beaten into fine powder and mingle it with Hony untill it be as thick as any paste and make rols or bals theof and bake them in a fire-pan over the fire untill they be so hard as they may be brought to powder for this is a very good powder to dry up any galling or sore The powder of Myrrhe or burnt silk felt or cloth or any old post is also good for such purposes but whensoever you use this powder of Lime and Hony let the place be washed as is aforesaid Of great swellings and inflamations in a Horses withers IF the swelling be very great then the cure according to Martin is thus First draw round about the swelling with a hot iron and then crosse him with the same iron in manner of a checker then take a round hot iron having a sharp point and thrust it into the swelling place on each side up toward the point of the withers to the intent the matter may issue downward at the holes That done tent both the holes with a tent dipt in Hogs grease to kill the fire and also anoint all the other burnt places therewith continuing so to do untill the swelling be asswaged renewing it every day once untill the fiery matter be clean fallen away and then tent him again with washed Turpentine mingled with yolks of Egges and Saffron in such manner as hath been aforesaid renewing the tent every day once untill it be whole If you see that the swelling for all this go not away then it is a signe of some impostumation within and therefore it shall be necessary to lance it and to let out the corruption then take of Hony half a pinte of Verdigrease two ounces beaten to powder and mingle it together with the Hony then boil them in a pot untill it look red then being lukewarm make either a tent or plaister according as the wound shall require renewing the same every day once untill it be whole But the sore may be so vehement that for lack of looking in time it will pierce downward betwixt both shoulders toward the intrails which is very dangerous yea and as Russius saith mortal because the corruption of the sore infecting the lungs and heart which be the vitall parts and chief preservers of life the body must needs decay And therefore Martin would have you to fill the hole with the Salve last mentioned and to thrust in afterward a piece of a spunge as well to keep the hole open as also to suck out the corruption renewing it every day once untill it be whole Of the horns or hard knobs growing under the Sadle side THis is a dead skin like a piece of leather called of the Italians Gorno that is to say a horn for that it is hard under hand and cometh by means of some
it is called Morte deschien that is to say the death of the back Because many do hold this opinion that this disease doth consume the marrow of the back for remedy whereof they use strange kinds of cures For some taking it to be a rheume go about to stop it by laying astrictive or binding charges to the nape of the neck Some again do twine out the pith of the back with a long wire thrust up into the Horses head and so into his neck and back with what reason I know not Well I know that few Horses do recover that have this disease Some again think that the Lungs of the Horse be rotten and that the Horse doth cast them out at his Nose But Martin saith that he hath cut up divers Horses which have been judged to have dyed of the mourning of the Chine but he could finde never either Back or Lungs to be perished but only the Liver and most commonly that side of the Liver which answereth the Nostril whereat he casteth whereof we will talk in his proper place when we come to speak of the diseases in the Liver The Italians do call this disease Ciamorro the old Authors do call it the moist malady whereof Theomnestus maketh two differences For in the one the matter which he doth cast at the Nose is white and doth not smell at all and in the other that which he casteth is filthy and stinking corruption They proceed both of cold humors congealed in the head but more abounding in the one then in the other by reason perhaps that the Horse was not cured in time for of cold first cometh the Pose and the Cough then the Glanders and last of all the Mourning of the Chine When the Horse casteth matter at the Nose that is not stinking he may easily be cured by such remedies as have been before declared in the Chapter of the Pose but if the matter be very filthy and stinking then it is very hard to cure Notwithstanding it shall not grieve me to write unto you here the experience of Theomnestus and of Laurentius Russius Theomnestus cure is thus Take of Water and Hony called of the Physitians Hydromel a quart and put thereunto three ounces of Oyl and powre that into his Nostril every morning the space of three dayes and if that do not profit him then let him drink every day or once in two dayes a quart of old Wine mingled with some of the medicine or rather the precious meat called of the old writers Tetrapharmacum and that will restore him to his former estate Laurentius Russius saith that of all diseases there is none more perillous nor more to be suspected then the rheume which cometh of cold for Horses have large Conduites and are full of moisture and therefore if cold once enter it findeth matter enough to work on to breed continual distillation as well outwardly at the Nose as inwardly descending down to the vitall part in such sort as it doth not suffocate the same The signes according to the said Russius be these the Horse doth cast matter continually at the Nose sometime thin and sometime thick his Nostrils Ears and all his outward parts will be cold to the feeling his eyes head and all his body heavy and he will cough and have small appetite to his meat and lesse to his drink and sometime he will tremble and shake His cure is in this sort Purge his head partly by perfuming him partly by making him to neeze in such sort as hath been before taught in the Chapter of the Pose which wayes of perfuming and purging his head as they be good so doth Russius praise these two here following to be most excellent the first is this Take of the stalks of Vitis alba otherwise called Brionie or wilde Vine two or three good handfuls and being bruised put them into a linnen bag and fasten the bag to the Horses head so as he may receive the sent up into his Nostrils without touching the hearb with his mouth and this will cause the humors to run down abundantly The second medicine Take of Euforbium beaten into fine powder three ounces of the juice of Betes one pound of Swines bloud half a pound boyl all these together until they be throughly mingled together and liquid like an ointment and then take it from the fire and put thereunto one ounce more of Euforbium and mingle them again throughly together and preserve the same in a box to use at needful times in this sort Make two stiffe long rols or tampins of linnen clouts or such like stuffe sharp pointed like Sugar loaves which tampins are called of the Physicians in Latin Pessi and being anointed with the ointment aforesaid thrust them up into the Horses Nostrils and let them abide therein a pretty while then pull them out and you shall see such abundance of matter come forth at his Nose as is marvellous to behold Russius also praiseth very much this medicine here following Take as much of the middle bark of an Elder tree growing on the water side as will fill a new earthen pot of a mean size putting thereunto as much clear water as a pot will hold and let it boyl until one half be consumed and then to be filled up again with fresh water continuing so to do three times one after another and at the last time that the one half is consumed take it from the fire and strain it through a linnen cloth Then take two parts of that decoction and one part of Hogs grease or Butter and being warmed again together give the Horse to drink thereof one hornful and powre another hornful into his Nostril that casteth and whensoever you give him this medicine let the Horse be empty and fasting and keep him without meat also two or three hours after for this is a very good drink for any sickness that cometh of cold Moreover open the skin of his forehead and of his temples and also of his tail with a sharp hot iron that the corrupt humors may issue outward That done take hot brickes or else a pan of fresh burning coles and hold it nigh unto his belly and flanks to the intent that they may be throughly warmed and being so warmed anoint them all over with Oyl-de-bay or Dialthea to defend his body from the cold and let his head be well covered and all his belly kept warm Yea and it were good to bathe his head sometime as Russius saith with a bath made of Rew Wormwood Sage Juâ—iper Bay leaves and Hysop And let his drink be warm water mingled with Wheat meal yea and to make it the more comfortable it were good as Russius saith to put thereunto some Cinamon Ginger Galingale and such hot pieces And his meat in Winter season would be no other but sodden Corn or warm Mashes made of ground Malt and Wheat bran in Summer season if he went to grasse I think it would do him
most good so that he go in a dry warm ground for by feeding alwayes downward he shall purge his head the better as Russius saith Thus much of the Glanders and mourning of the Chine Now we will speak somewhat of the Strangullion according to the opinion of the Authors though not to the satisfaction perhaps of our English Farriars Of the Strangullion or Squinancy THe Strangullion called of the Latines Anginae according to the Physitians is an inflamation of the inward parts of the throat and as I said before is called of the Greeks Cynanche which is as much to say in English as Strangling whereof this name Strangullion as I think is derived for this disease doth strangle every Man or Beast and therefore is numbred amongst the perillous and sharp diseases called of the Latines Morbi acuti of which strangling the Physiâ—ians in Mans body make four differences The first and worst is when no part within the mouth nor without appeareth manifestly to be inflamed and yet the patient is in great peril of strangling The second is when the inward parts of the throat only be inflamed The third is when the inward and outward parts of the throat be both inflamed The fourth is when the muscles of the neck are inflamed or the inward joynts thereof so loosened as they straiten thereby both the throat or wesand or wind-pipe for short breath is incident to all the four kinds before recited and they proceed all of one cause that is to say of some cholerick or bloudy fluxion which comes out of the branches of the throat veins into those parts and there breedeth some hot inflamation But now to prove that a Horse is subject to this disease you shall hear what Absyrtus Hierocles Vegetius and others do say Absyrtus writing to his friend a certain Farriar or Horse-leach called Aâ—storicus speaketh in this manner When a Horse hath the Strangullion it quickly killeth him the signes whereof be these His temples will be hollow his tongue will swell and hang out of his mouth his eyes also will be swollen and the passage of his throat stopt so as he can neither eat nor drink All these signes be also confirmed by Hiâ—rocles Moreover Vegetius rendereth the cause of this disease affirming that it proceedeth of aboundance of subtle bloud which after long travel will inflame the inward or outward muscles of the throat or wesand or such affluence of bloud may come by use of hot meate after great travel being so alterative as they cause those parts to swell in such sort as the Horse can neither eat nor drink nor draw his breath The cure according to Vegeâ—ius is in this sort First bathe his mouth and tongue in hot water and then anoint it with the gall of a Bull that done give him this drink Take of old Oyl two pound of old Wine a quart nine Figs and nine Leeks heads well stamped and brayed together And after you have boiled these a while before you strain them put thereunto a little Nitrum Alexandrinum and give him a quart of this every morning and evening Absyrtus and Hierocles would have you to let him bloud in the palace of his mouth and also to powre Wine and Oyl into his Nostrils and also give him to drink this decoction of Figs and Nitrum sodden together or else to anoint his throat within with Nitre Oil and Hony or else with Hony and Hogs dung mingled together which differeth not much from Galên his medicine to be given unto man For he saith that Hony mingled with the powder of Hogs dung that is white and swallowed down doth remedy the Squinancy presently Absyrtus also praiseth the ointment made of Bdellium and when the inflamation beginneth somewhat to decrease he saith it is good to purge the Horse by giving him wilde Cucumber and Nitre to drink Let his meat be grasse if it may be gotten or else wet hay and sprinkled with Nitre Let his drink also be lukewarm water with some Barley meal in it Of the Cough OF Coughs some be outward and some be inward Those be outward which do come of outward causes as by eating a feather or by eating dusty or sharp straw and such like things which tickling his throat causeth him to cough you shall perceive it by wagging and wrying his head in his coughing and by stamping sometime with his foot labouring to get out the thing that grieveth him and cannot The cure according to Martin is thus Take a Willow wand rolled throughout with a fine linnen clout and then anoint it all over with Hony and thrust it down his throat drawing your hand to and fro to the intent it may either drive down the thing that grieveth him or else bring it up and do this twice or thrice anointing every time the stick with fresh Hony Of the inward and wet Cough OF inward Coughs some be wet and some be dry The wet Cough is that cometh of cold taken after some great heat given to the Horse dissolving humors which being afterward congealed do cause obstruction and stopping in the Lungs And I call it the wet Cough because the Horse in his coughing will void moist matter at his mouth after that it is once broken The signes be these The Horse will be heavie and his eyes will run with water and he will forsake his meat and when he cougheth he thrusteth out his head and reacheth with great pain at the first as though he had a dry Cough untill the fleam be broken and then he will cough more hollow which is a signe of amendment And therefore according to Martins experience to the intent the fleam may break the sooner it shall be necessary to keep him warm by clothing him with a double cloth and by littering him up to the belly with fresh straw and then to give him this drink Take of Barley one peck and boyl it in two or three gallons of fair water untill the Barley begin to burst and boyl therewith of bruised Licoras of Anise seeds or Raisins of each one pound then strain it and to that liquor put of Hony a pinte and a quartern of Sugarcandy and keep it close in a pot to serve the Horse therewith four several mornings and cast not away the sodden Barley with the rest of the strainings but make it hot every day to perfume the Horse withal being put in a bag and â—ied to his head and if the Horse will eat of it it shall do him the more good And this perfuming in Winter season would be used about ten of the clock in the morning when the Sun is of some height to the intent the Horse may be walked abroad if the Sun shine to exercise him moderately And untill his Cough wear away fail not to give him warm water with a little ground Mault And as his Cough breaketh more and more so let his 〈◊〉 every day be lesse warmed then other Of the dry Cough THis seemeth
give him Cordial drinks that is to say made of hot and comfortable Spices and also to anoint all his breast and under his shoulders with hot Oyls and to purge his head by blowing up into his nostrils powders that provoke neezing such as have been taught you before Of Surfeting with glut of Provender THe glut of provender or other meat not digested doth cause a Horse to have great pain in his body so as he is not able to stand on his feet but lyeth down and waltereth as though he had the Bots. The cure whereof according to Martins experience is in this sort Let him bloud in the neck then trot him up and down for the space of an hour and if he cannot stale draw out his vard and wash it with a little white Wine luke-warm and thrust into his yard either a bruised clove of Garlick or else a little oyl of Camomile with a wax Candle If he cannot dung then rake his fundament and give him this Glyster Take of Mallows two or three handfuls and boil them in a pottle of fair running water and when the Mallows be sodden then strain it and put thereunto a quart of fresh Butter and half a pinte of Oyl Olive and having received this Glyster lead him up and down untill he hath emptyed his belly then set him up and keep him hungry the space of three or four days and the Hay that he eateth let it be sprinkled with water and let him drink water wherein should be put a little Bran and when he hath drunk give him the Bran to eat and give him little or no provender at all for the space of eight or ten days Of another kinde of Surfeting with meat or drink called of us Foundering in the body THis disease is â—alled of the old Writers in Greek Crithiasis in Latine Hordeatio it cometh as they say by eating of much provender suddenly after labour whilest the Horse is hot and panting whereby his meat not being digested breedeth evill humors which by little and little do spread throughout his members and at length do oppress all his body and do clean take away his strength and make him in such a case as he can neither go nor bow his joynts nor being laid he is not able to rise again neither can he stale but with great pain It may come also as they say of drinking too much in travelling by the way when the Horse is hot but then it is not so dangerous as when it cometh of eating too much But howsoever it cometh they say all that the humors will immediately resort down into the Horses legs and feet and make him to cast his hoofs and therefore I must needs judge it to be no other thing but a plain foundering which word foundering is borrowed as I take it of the French word Fundu that is to say molten For foundering is a melting or dissolution of humors which the Italians call Infusione Martin maketh divers kindes of foundering as the foundering of the body which the French men call most commonly Morâ—undu and foundering in the legs and feet also foundering before and behinde which some Authors do deny as Magister Maurus and Laurentius Russius affirming that there are fewer humors behinde then before and that they cannot easily be dissolved or molten being so far distant from the heart and the other vital parts Whereunto a man might answer that the natural heat of the heart doth not cause dissolution of humors but some unnatural and accidental heat spred throughout all the members which is dayly proved by good experience For we see Horses foundered not only before or behinde but also of all four legs at once which most commonly chanceth either by taking cold suddenly after a great heat as by standing still upon some cold pavement or abroad in the cold winde or else perhaps the Horse travelling by the way and being in a sweat was suffered to stand in some cold water whilest he did drink which was worse then his drinking for in the mean time the cold entering at his feet ascended upward and congealed the humors which the heat before had dissolved and thereby when he cometh once to rest he waxeth stiffe and lame of his legs But leaving to speak of foundering in the legs as well before as behinde untill we come to the griefs in the legs and feet we intend to talk here only of foundering in the body according to Martins experience The signes to know if a Horse be foundered in the body be these His hair will stare and he will be chill and shrug for cold and forsake his meat hanging down his head and quiver after cold water and after two or three days he will begin to cough The cure according to Martin is thus First scour his belly with the Glyster last mentioned and then give him a comfortable drink made in this sort Take of Malmsie a quart of Sugar half a quartern of Honey half a quartern of Cinnamon half an ounce of Licoras and Anise seeds of each two spoonfuls beaten into fine powder which being put into the Malmsie warm them together at the fire so as the Honey may be molten and then give it him luke-warm that done walk him up and down in the warm stable the space of half an hour and then let him stand on the bit two or three hours without meat but let him be warm covered and well littered and give him Hay sprinkled with a little water and clean sifted provender by a little at once and let his water be warmed with a little ground Malt therein And if you see him somewhat cheered then let him bloud in the neck and also perfume him once a day with a little Frankincense and use to walk him abroad when the weather is fair and not windy or else in the house if the weather be foul and by thus using him you shall quickly recover him Of the Hungry Evill THis is a very great desire to eat following some great emptiness or lack of meat and it is called of the old Authors by the Greek name Bulimos which is as much to say as a great hunger proceeding as the Physitians say at the first of some extream outward cold taken by long travelling in cold barren places and especially where Snow aboundeth which outward cold causeth the stomach to be cold and the inward powers to be feeble The cure according to Absyrtus and Hierocles is in the beginning to comfort the Horses stomach by giving him Bread sopt in Wine And if you be in a place of rest to give him Wheat-flowre and Wine to drink or to make him Cakes or Bals of Flowre and Wine kneaded together and to feed him with that or with Wine and Nuts of Pine trees Hierocles saith if any such thing chance by the way whereas no flowre is to be had then it shall be best to give him Wine and earth wrought together either to drink or else
upon the teeth or gums doth make the breath of any man more sweet and delightful then it hath been accustomed The same being used in the said manner doth procure a very great whiteness and clearness in the teeth Unwashed Wool being parched and bound in a linnen cloth a third part or portion of salt being afterwards added thereunto and all beaten together in small dust or powder and rubbed upon the teeth will keep them from any pain or grief therein Unwashed Wool being dipped in Nitre Brimstone Oyl Vinegar and liquid Pitch being all boyled together doth asswage all pains in the hanches or loins whatsoever being twice a day as hot as possibly may be suffered applyed thereunto Sheeps dung mingled with unwashed wool and certain other things is very much applyed against that troublesom and painful disease called the stone or gravel Unwashed wool in cold water doth cure diseases in the privy parts of any man or woman whatsoever The wool of black Sheep is commonly reported to be very commodious and helpful for those whose Cods or stones are much swelled The gall of an Ox being mixed with unwashed wool doth help the purgation or menstrual fluxes of women but Olympies the Thebane affirmeth that Hysop and Nitre ought to be mixed with this wool for the helping of the same Unwashed wool being applyed unto the secret parts of women doth cause a dead childe to come forth The same doth also stay the issues of women The pure or clear fleeces of Sheep either applyed by themselves or mingled with Brimstone do cure all hidden or secret griefs whatsoever and Pliny commendeth them above all other medicines whatsoever Fleeces of wool mingled with quicksilver are very profitable to be taken for the same diseases in certain perfumes The root of a Mallow being digged up before the rising of the Sun and wrapped in undyed wool doth cure the Wens or mattry impostumes of those Sheep which have lately brought forth young Sheeps wool being dyed in purple colour doth very much profit the ears but some do steep it in Vinegar and Nitre to make the operation more effectual The dust of wool being burnt doth bring forth the matter or corruption lying hid under scabs restrain the swellings in the flesh and bringeth all Ulcers to a scar Wool being burnt hath a sharp force and likewise hot together with the slenderness of the parts it doth therefore very speedily clense and purge the sores in the flesh which are moist and too much full of matter It is also put in drying medicines It is burned as if there were many other things in it filling a new pot which may be covered with a cover which is bored through with many holes like unto a sive The powder of unwashed Wool is anointed upon divers sores and is very curable for them as bruised new wounded and sores half burnt and it is used for the curing of the diseases in the eyes as also in the easing of the Fistulaes and corrupt mattery sores in the ears The power of the powder of unwashed wool is clensing and it doth very effectually purge the eye-lids or cheek-bals It doth also clense and cure for the most part all diseases as Serenus saith in these Verses Succida cum tepido nectetur tana Lyaeo Ambustaeve cinis complebit vulneris ora Aut tu succosae cinerem perducito lanae The hairs which grow about the secret hole of Sheep being burned beaten and drunk in sweet wine doth help the shortness of the breath and ease the pursiness of the stomach The wool of a little sheep being pulled from betwixt his thighes and burnt and afterwards dipped in Vinegar doth very speedily cure those which are troubled with the head ach being bound about the temples The dust of Sheeps fleeces is very medicinable for the curing of all diseases in the genital parts whatsoever The dust of Sheeps wool doth heal all passions in Cattle The Grecians Plaister called Enneapharmacum consisted of nine several things and amongst the rest of unwashed wool The filth which sticketh to the Sheeps wool and groweth thereunto from which the thing which the Grecians call Oesypon is made hath the force of digestion like unto Butter and also a like ability of concoction In a certain medicine of Andromachus for the curing of the disease of the secret parts unwashed wool is added to the rest but Lepas as Galen saith for unwashed wool doth add Goose grease in the same quantity Some do also for unwashed wool use the marrow of a young calf and apply it in the aforesaid manner but this unwashed wool is termed of the Grecians Ae 〈…〉 pus and therefore being by divers Authors set down diversly concerning the making and virtue thereof I have thought good to set down the truest and excellentest way to make the same as Dioscorides whom in this I suppose best to follow reporteth First to take new shorn wool which is very soft and not trimmed with sope-weed and wash it with hot water then to presse all the filth forth of the same and cast it into a Cauldron which hath a broad lip and afterwards to pour the water in and to stir it up and down with a certain instrument with such great force as it may foam again of with a wooden rod still greatly to turn and trouble it so that the filthy froath or spume may more largely be gathered together afterwards to sprinkle it over with Sea water and the fat remaining which did swim upon the top being gathered together in an earthen vessel to powr the water into the Cauldron then must the froath be powred again into the Sea water and lastly taken out again this is so often to be done that the fat being consumed there will not any froath be left remaining the Aesypus then being gathered together is to be mollifyed with mens hands and if there be any filth therein it must out of hand be taken away and all the water by little and little excluded and being fresh poured in let it be mingled with ones hands until the Aesypus being touched with the tongue of any one may lightly bind it but not savour either sharp or tartly and the fat may seem very white and then let it be hid in an earthen vessel but let there be great care had they be done in the hot sun But there are some which use another manner of way to make the same which is this to cleanse the fleeces and wash away all filth and presse it forth of the same and boyl them in water over a soft fire in a brazen vessel then to wash the fat which swimmeth on the top being gathered together with water and being strained in another platter which may have some hot water in it to hide or overcast it with a linnen cloth and lay it forth in the sun until it be very white and thick enough Some also do use another way as this to
wash the fat being strained with cold water and to rub it with their hands not much otherwise then women do a sear-cloth for by that means it is made more white and purer There is yet another kinde of way to make Aesypus described by Aetius in these words Take saith he the greasie Wool which groweth in the shoulder pits of Sheep and wash them in hot water being thick and soft and squeeze all the filth forth of the same the washing whereof you shall put in a vessel of a large mouth or brim casting afterwards hot water in the same then take the water in a cup or in some other such like instrument and pour it in and out holding it up very high until there come a froath upon it then sprinkle it over with Sea water if you shall get any if not with some other cold water and suffer it to stand still when it shall wax cold take that which shall flow on the top away with a sadle and cast it into any other vessel afterwards having put a little cold water in it stir it up and down with your hands then having poured out that water put new hot water in it and repeat again the same thing all together which we have now taught until the Aesypus be made white and fat containing no impure or filthy thing in it at all then dry it in the sun being hid for some certain days in an earthen vessel and keep it But all these things are to be done when the Sun is very hot for by that means it will be more effectual and whiter and not hard or sharp There are moreover some which gather it after this manner They put new shorn wool which is very filthy and greasie in a vessel which hath hot water in it and burn the water that it may somewhat wax hot afterwards they cool it and that which swimmeth above in the manner of fat they scum it off with their hands and put it away in a vessel of Tin and so do fill the vessel it self with rain water and put it in the Sun covered with a thin linnen cloth and then we must moisten it again and put up the Aesypus for it hath strength mollifying and releasing with some sharpness but it is counterfeited with wax sewet and Rozen and it is straight ways perceived and forasmuch as the true Aesypus reserveth the scent of the unwashed wool and being rubbed with any ones hands is made like unto Ceruse or white lead Even the filth and sweat of sheep cleaving to their wool hath great and manifold use in the world and above all other that is most commended which is bred upon the Athenian or Grecian Sheep which is made many ways and especially this way First they take off the wool from those places where it groweth with all the sewet or filth there gathered together and so put them in a brazen vessel over a gentle fire where they boyl out the sweat and so take of that which swimmeth at the top and put it into an earthen vessel seething again the first matter which fat is washed together in cold water so dryed in a linnen cloth is scorched in the Sun until it become white and transparent and so it is out in a box of Tin It may be proved by this If it swell like the savour of sweat and being rubbed in a wet hand do not melt but wax white like White lead this is most profitable against all inflamation of the eyes and knots in cheeks or hardness of skin in them Of this Aesypus or unwashed Wool the Grecians make great account and for the variety of dressing or preparing it they call it diversly sometime the call it Oesupon Pharmaicon sometime Oesupon Kerotoeide or Keroten sometime Oesupon Hugron and such like Of it they make Plaisters to asswage the Hypochondrial inflamations and ventosity in the sides Some use Aesopus for Oesypus but ignorantly and without reason it is better to let it alone but in the collection hereof it must be taken from the sound and not from the scabby Sheep But when we cannot come by the true Oesypus then in stead thereof we may take that which the Apothecaries and Ointment-makers do ordain namely Meliloâ—i unc 4. Cardamoni unc 2. Hysopi herb unc 2. with the unwashed Wool taken from the hams or flanks of a Sheep Myrepsus used this Oesypus against all Gowts and aches in the legs or articles and hardness of the spleen Galen calleth it Jus lanae and prescribeth the use of it in this sort Make saith he a Plaister of Oesypus or Jus lanae in this sort Take Wax fresh grease Scammonie old Oyl one ounce of each of Fenny-greek six ounces then seethe or boyl your-oyl with the Jus lanae and Fenny-greek very carefully until it equal the oyl and be well incorporated together and then again set it to the fire with the prescription aforesaid and also he teacheth how to make this Jus lanae for saith he take unwashed Wool and lay it deep in fair water until it be very soft that is by the space of six days and the seventh day take it and the water together that seethe well taking of the fat which ariseth at the top and put it up as is aforesaid these things saith Galen The use of this by reason it is very hot is to display Ulcers and tumors in wounds especially in the secrets and seat being mixed with Melilot and Butter and it hath the same vertue against running sores The same also with Barly meal and rust of iron equally mixed together is profitable against all swelling tumors Carbuncles Tetters Serpigoes and such like it eateth away all proud flesh in the brims of Ulcers reducing the same to a natural habit and equality also filling up the sore and healing it and the same vertue is by Disocorides attributed to Wool burnt also in bruises upon the head when the skin is not broken a Poultess made hereof is said by Galen to have excellent force and vertue The same mingled with Roses and the oar of brasse called Nil cureth the holy fire and being received with Myrrh steeped in two cups of wine it encreaseth or procureth sleep and also is very profitable against the Falling-sickness And being mixed with Corsick Hony it taketh away the spots in the face because it is most sharp and subtile whereunto some add Butter but if they be whealed and filled with matter then prick and open them with a needle and rub them over with a dogs gall or a Calfs gall mingled with the said Oesypus also being instilled into the head with oyl it cureth the Megrim and furthermore it is used against all soreness of the eyes and scabs in their corners or upon the eye-lids being sod in a new shell and the same vertue is attributed to the smoke or soot thereof if the eye-brows or eye-lids be anointed therewith mixed with Myrrh and warmed it
juice of bruised Quinces 5 pounds fountain water Sextarii boyl them till they grow soft take them from the fire let them cool then strain them and crush out the Quinces and cast them away add to this water half honey boyl it scum it till an eighth part be consumed some make it of sweet Apples or Pears the same way Hydromel of Dyoscorides is made of two parts of old rain-rain-water and one part of honey mingled and set in the Sun Some call it Hydromel because it is wont to be made of the washing of the honey combs with water but it must not be made stronger because it will hurt sick people by too much matter proceeding from the wax Hydromel after it hath been long kept is as strong as small wines or Lora being but half so old Wherefore it is preferred before them in abating inflamations The use of old Metheglin is condemned for such as are inflamed or costive but it is good for weak stomacks and such as loath their meat or sick people that sweat much or for those that are thirsty or after a burning feaver hath wasted a man Aetius describes a Clyster only of honey and water to move the belly and with the same he cleanseth hollow ulcers Galen commends and uses Melicrate wherein some Hysop Origanum or Thyme or Peniroyal hath been boyled to prepare and purge gross humours in an acute disease but he commends it not for the want of a stomach Lately the English found out a new composition of Hydromel they call it Varii and serves better for ships than any Wine The preparation is this Take Barley torrefied after due sleeping in water what you please boyl it long in 5 quarts of fountain water till it taste well of the malt I pound of this boyled with 8 pounds of honey and 20 pounds of water makes a drink that tasts most sweet and is most healthful for use It nourisheth well is hardly corrupted and keeps very long Hydromel of the Moscovites Take of the decoction with Hops 12 pounds purified honey scummed 1 pound and half tosted bread strowed with the flour of malt one piece put all into a wooden vessel well covered and place it near a stool take away the froth that riseth twice a day with a wooden skimmer that hath holes in it after 10 daies set it up in your cellar after 14 daies drink it They make it the same way in summer with fair water and made this way they drink it in winter and when they desire to be drunk In Russ and English they call it Mede 2. Oenomeli it is called honeyed Wine Pollux calls it Molicraton Plautus honeyed Wine others call it Mulsum Aristaeus was the first that brought this into Thrace being taken with the incredible sweetness of Honey and Wine mingled together Mulsum made of honey of Heraclea when it growes old ceaseth to be hurtful Pliny The new writers describe this potion thus Take 1 gallon of the best Honey 6 gallons of old Wine Salt 2 ounces it must then be skimmed as it works then put in the Salt and season it with Annise-seed and roots of Elecampane let down into the vessel with a bag The Egyptians make it otherwise namely of Raisins and Honey which they call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 because it is of a very sweet taste Oenomeli spiced Take Pepper washt and dried 8 scruples Athenian Honey 1 sextarius and 5 sextarii of old white Wine mingle them Celsus as I remember and Caelius speak of it Aurelianus in the cure of the Sciatica Also there is a kinde of Mulsum which the Greeks call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 consisting of 36 ingredients Gorreus May be it is the same which Athenaeus cals 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 For 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is a drink made of Wine and Honey and divers herbs mingled Such as our Welch men call Metheglin The Irish prepare a distilled Oenomeli made with Honey Wine and some herbs which they cal Vsquebach not unfit for a nation that feeds on flesh raw or but half sod Mulsum made of sweet new Wine the Greeks call Nectar to new Wine sodden they add a tenth part of Honey but this kinde is offensive to the stomach and causeth windiness it is given to purge the belly Hippocrates cals it Melihedia and Melichron as Galen notes Atheneus writes that another kinde which was true Nectar indeed was wont to be made about Olympus a Mountain of Lydia of Wine Bees-combs and sweet flowers I take notice that Alexandrida did not think Nectar to be drink but the meat of the gods For he saith I eat Nectar chewing and ministring to Jupiter I drink Ambrosia Yet Homer and the greatest part of the Poets took Nectar for drink Dioscorides made Oenomeli thus Take old Wine 2 Sextarius's the best Honey 1 Sextarius Some that they may drink it the sooner boyl honey with wine and strain it Some for profit sake to 6 sextarius's of new wine working add one of honey and when it hath workt they put it up in a vessel for it remains sweet The use of honied Wine is this It is given in long Feavers that have weakned the stomach with crudities collected in it It looseth the belly gently it provoketh urine it cleanseth the stomach it is good for the disease of the joynts faults of the reins a weak head and to women that drink no wine for it is pleasant in smell and nourisheth the body It moveth vomit drunk with oyle and it is profitably given to them that have drunk poyson as also for such as are weak and their pulse is feeble for such as are troubled with a cough and a short breath or Impostume in the Lungs and those that are wasted with extream sweating But then it is for to mingle it with Hydromel Also Galen prescribes to them Melicrate qualified with water that have had a shaking fit not above a week and nature being yet strong Some there are that utterly condemn this in Feavers but that must be understood of some times in Feavers Romulus a certain guest of Caesars being asked how he had preserved the natural vigor of his body and minde so long for he was above a hundred years old he answered Without with oyl within with honey and wine sodden together as Pollio did That we may the more wonder at the use of Mulsum which the Ancients esteemed very much for that they were perswaded that all acrimony of the minde was pacified with sweet liquors and the spirits made peacable the passages made softer and fitter for transpiration and that it was also physick for manners Plinius 3. Oxymeli or honeyed Vinegar is thus made as Pliny thinks Take honey 6 pound old Vinegar 5 Hemina Sea-salt 1 pound rain-water which Galen likes not of 5 sextarii It must all be made scalding hot ten times and then set in the Sun till it grow stale and Oxymel is made But it lasts not above one year
the tree corrupting as also under rocks growing from moisture putrefying Then they copulate and after copulation they lay eggs whence comes a worm that are white shining like to small pearls they are many and heaped up in the same place as we observed in the year 1583. they live on warm moisture and pass the winter in the chink or wals or secret places of houses From the eggs first somewhat hard Worms are thrust out which for some time stick almost unmovable and are white at length like their parents they suck the dew and moisture They are found also in hot and dry Countreys but where they regain by the dew of the night and vapours what moysture was consumed in the day Galen describes a Chislep thus It is a house-bred living creature with many feet bred under watry vessels and dunghils and if you touch it with your fingers it rols it self up It is clear that Aristotle knew it because he compares a Sea-louse unto it when his tail is taken off Chisleps attenuate open and discuss as Galen hath taught us out of Asclepias They seem contemptible to the sight but they are excellent for diseases of the eyes Also inwardly for they are free from all poyson they are of great use for being bruised and drank in Wine they help difficulty of making water Dioscorides To which Medicament he adds this Take saith he 2 or 3 Chisleps boyl them in a little fish pickle drink of the pickle with water in two smal cups of an ounce and half apiece Pliny useth them for the Stone and difficulty of urine thus Take Mice and Pigeons dung of each half a dram two Hog-lice or Chisleps bruised drink it and the pain will cease and you shall void either the Stone or much smal sand We finde in Gesners papers that Marianus Barolitanus affirms the same Galen gives them drink in sweet Wine and so he cured many of the Kings Evill Asclepias most successefully used this kinde of remedy against the Asthma and short windedness Take Elaterium four grains three Hog-lice from a dung-hil well bruised and drink it with an ounce and half of water Gal. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Asclepias also building on the authority of the ancient Physicians much commends live Hog-lice burnt in the fire and taken to a spoonful for by their property they cure Asthma Hollerius and Johannes Agricola make good this opinion by their practise Some do torrifie in a dish a smal quantity of them into most white Ashes and then give them with Honey Pliny saith they cure short breaths 21 being bruised with Athenian Honey and with little hot water drank through a reed that the teeth and mouth may not grow black Aetius for the same infirmity gives five or six with Hydromel And Marcellus the Emperick reports ch 35. that 21 Hog-lice stamped with the best Honey and drank with water will cure short windedness pursiveness and such as are almost choked and the Leprosie also beyond belief Pliny writes that they are good in drink for Consumptions who farther maintains that a penny weight of them given in three ounces of Wine to drink will cure the pains of the loyns and hips Alexis of Piemont subscribes to this but Caelius Aurelianus dislikes this and the like remedies from Insects being so perswaded from the unusualness of such remedies rather than from any hurt or inconvenience that proceeds from them Experience confirms that many fresh Hog-lice well bruised and drank with Wine Ale Beer or any convenient liquor or applyed but outwardly can cure almost all diseases of the eyes that arise from any thing growing in them or growing to them except the Cataract which we observed in the former Chapter out of the Breviary of Arnoldus For a Quinsey saith Galen 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 they must be licked with Honey and the outside of the throat must be anointed with the same Hog-lice boyled with oyl of Roses and heated in a Pomegranate shell and poured into the ears that are pained do cure them Dioscorides Gal. lib. sec loc Eupor commanded to boyl 2 3 or 4 in oyl and to press out the oyl and drop it into the ears of those were deaf or had pains or tinklings in their ears Oyl of Chisleps dropped into that ear is next an aking tooth takes away the pain certainly that ariseth from a hot cause Aetius 24. 27. Some mingle them with some convenient unguent and drop them into the ears Severus saith Galen poured them into ulcerated ears with good successe Faventinus ptescribes 21 Chisleps boyled in sowr Oyl for pains of the ears proceeding from cold in which he shews that they must be anointed about the ears and a little must be dropped in Cardan justifies the same remedy by experience For Wens Pliny takes a fourth part of Rosin or Turpentine to the dunghil Chislep by which Medicament saith he swellings under the ears Kings-evils and all such tumors are cured Marcellus Empericus hath the same and Avicenna 2. 2. cap. 729. and from the authority of others he adds that Chisleps taken in drink cure the Cramp and Alcuzes which we have never known any to have said besides If you often apply Oyl or Butter of Hog-lice to a pained head you shall cure the pain Gal. Eupor 2. 91. and Absyrtus de quadrup Bruised they cure the Tonsils and the diseases of the chops Dioscor A live Chislep laid to a whitloaf cures it and it takes away swellings if it be laid on with a third part of Rosin or Turpentine Pliny Take Unguent populeon j. ounce Oyl of Roses wherein Hog-lice have been boyled j. ounce and half Saffron iv grains mingle them and make an unguent that is a most noble cure for the Hemorrhoids that swell and are painful Others saith Alexander Benedictus boyl these Chisleps with Fat or Butter then they put to it the yolk of an Egg and with this they asswage that cruel pain Pliny saith they cure all hardness of wounds and Cancers and Worms in Ulcers being mingled with Turpentine And to conceal nothing from you I thought fit to add that Pennius himself lying sick of the Asthma used for a long time Hog-lice steeped in Wine but having done it alwaies to no effect by my advice at last he did twice or thrice take in the smoke of Brimstone through a tunnel and he grew perfectly well from that horrid symptome Take oyl of Violets iij. ounces wherein let four Chisleps boyl till a third part be consumed it restrains a salt humour being outwardly anointed An incertain Author Hens water Lizards land Frogs and Serpents feed on Chisleps as Theophrastus writes Ambrose Paraeus a Chirurgeon of Paris relates that one vomited a small living creature like to a Chislep and such a like thing Solerius hath written concerning a certain woman upon the second Book of Aetius CHAP. X. Of Land Scorpions Take off the claws of Crabs that use the shore And from their bodies with earth
mouth if then you perceive no amendment then seethe some Laurel and therewith heat his back and afterward with oil and wine scarifie him all over plucking his skin up from the ribs and this must be done in the sunshine or else in a very warm place For the scabs take the juice of Garlick and rub the beast all over and with this medicine may the biting of a Wolf or a mad Dog be cured although other affirm that the hoof of any beast with Brimstone Oil Water and Vinegar is a more present remedy but there is no better thing then Butter and stale Urine When they are vexed with wormes poure cold water upon them afterward anoint them with the juice of onions mingled with Salt If an Ox be wrinched and strained in his sinews in travel or labour by stumping on any root or hard sharp thing then let the contrary foot or leg be let bloud if the sinews swell If his neck swell let him bloud or if his neck be windiug or weak as if it were broken then let him bloud in that ear to which side the head bendeth When their necks be bald grinde two tile together a new one and an old and when the yoak is taken off cast the powder upon their necks and afterward oil and so with a little rest the hair will come again When an Ox hangeth down his ears and eateth not his meat he is troubled with a Cephalalgie that is a pain in his head for which seethe Thyme in Wine with Salt and Garlick and therewith rub his tongue a good space also raw Barly steeped in Wine helpeth this disease Sometime an Ox is troubled with madness for which men burn them betwixt the horns in the forehead till they bleed sometime there is a Flie which biting them continually driveth them into madness for which they are wont to cast Brimstone and bay sprigs sod in water in the Pastures where they feed but I know not what good can come thereby When Oxen are troubled with fleam put a sprig of black Hellebore through their ears wherein let it remain till the next day at the same hour All the evils of the eyes are for the most part cured by infusion of Hony and some mingle therewith Ammoniack Salt and Boetick When the palat or roof of their mouth is so swelled that the beast forsaketh meat and bendeth on the one side let his mouth be paired with a sharpe instrument or else burned or abated some other way giving them green and soft meat till the tender sore be cured but when the cheeks swell for remedy whereof they sell them away to the Butcher for slaughter it falleth out very often that there grow certain bunches on their tongues which make them forsake their meat and for this thing they cut the tongue and afterward rub the wound with Garlick and Salt till all the fleamy matter issue forth When their veins in their cheeks and chaps swell out into ulcers they soften and wash them with Vinegar and Lees till they be cured When they are liver-sick they give them Rubarbe Mushroms and Gentian mingled together For the Cough and short breath they give them twigs of Vines or Juniper mingled with Salt and some use Betony There is a certain herb called Aâ—plenon or Citteraeh which consumeth the milts of Oxen found by this occasion in Crete there is a River called Protereus running betwixt the two Cities Gnoson and Gortina on both sides thereof there were herds of Cattel but those which fed neer to Gortina had no Spleen and the other which feed neer to Gnoson were full of Spleen when the Physitians endevoured to find out the true cause hereof they sound an herb growing on the coast of Gortina which diminished their Spleen and for that cause called it Asplenon But now to come to the diseases of their breast and stomach and first of all to begin with the Cough which if it be new may be cured by a pinte of Barley meal with a raw Egge and half a pinte of sod wine and if the Cough be old take two pounds of beaten Hysop sod in three pints of water beaten Lentils or the roots of Onions washed and baked with Wheat meal given fasting do drive away the oldest Cough For shortness of breath their Neat-herds hang about their neck Deaths-herb and Harts-wort but if their Livers or Lungs be corrupted which appeareth by a long Cough and leaness take the root of Hasell and put it through the Oxes ear then a like or equall quantity of the juyce of Onions and oil mingled and put into a pinte of Wine let it be given to the beast many dayes together If the Ox be troubled with crudity or a raw evill stomach you shall know by these signes he will often belch his belly will rumble he will forbear his meat hanging down his eyes and neither chew the cud or lick himself with his tongue for remedy whereof take two quarts of warm water thirty stalkes of Boleworts seethe them together till they be soft and then give them to the beast with Vinegar But if the crudity cause his belly to stand out and swell then pull his tail downward with all the force that you can and binde thereunto Mother-wort mingled with salt or else give them a Glyster or anoint a Womans hand with oil and let her draw out the dung from the fundament and afterward cut a vein in his tail with a sharp knife When they be distempered with choler burn their legs to the hoofs with a hot Iron and afterward let them rest upon clean and soft straw when their guts or intrails are pained they are eased with the sight of a Duck or a Drake But when the small guts are infected take fifteen Cypres Apples and so many Gauls mingle and beat them with their weight of old Cheese in four pints of the sharpest wine you can get and so divide it into four parts giving to the beast every day one quantity The excrements of the belly do deprive the body of all strength and power to labour wherefore when they are troubled with it they must rest and drink nothing for three daies together and the first day let them forbear meat the second day give them the tops of wilde Olives or in defect thereof Canes or Reeds the stalks of Lentrske and Myrtill and a third day a little water and unto this some add dryed Grapes in six pintes of sharp wine given every day in like quantity When their hinder parts are lame through congealed bloud in them whereof there is no outward appearance take a bunch of Nettles with their roots and put it into their mouths by rubbing whereof the condensate bloud will remove away When Oxen come first of all after Winter to grasse they fall grasse-sick and pisse bloud for which they seethe together in water Barly Bread and Lard and so give them all together in a drink to the beast some praise the
peradventure it may chance as whether it chanceth seldom or sometime I am ignorant that a piece of flesh be subtilly stolne and cunningly conveyed away with such provisoes and precaveats as thereby all appearance of bloud is either prevented excluded or concealed yet these kinde of Dogs by certain direction of an inward assured notice and privie mark pursue the deed-dooers through long lanes crooked reaches and weary wayes without wandering awry out of the limits of the land whereon these desperate purloiners prepared their speedy passage Yea the natures of these Dogs is such and so effectual is their foresight that they can bewray separate and pick them out from among an infinite multitude and an innumerable company creep they never so far into the thickest throng they will finde him out notwithstanding he lie hidden in wilde Woods in close and overgrowen Groves and lurk in hollow holes apt to harbour such ungracious guests Moreover although they should passe over the water thinking thereby to avoid the pursuite of the Hounds yet will not these Dogs give over their attempt but presuming to swim through the stream persevere in their pursuite and when they be arrived and gotten the further banck they hunt up and down to and fro run they from place to place shift they until they have attained to that plot of ground where they passed over And this is their practise if perdy they cannot at the first time smelling finde out the way which the deed-doers took to escape So at length get they that by art cunning and diligent endevour which by fortune and luck they cannot otherwise overcome In so much as it seemeth worthily and wisely written by Aelianus in his 6. Book and 39. Chapter To enthumaticon kai dialecticon to be as it were naturally instilled into these kind of Dogs For they will not pause or breathe forth from their pursuite untill such time as they be apprehended and taken which committed the fact The owners of such Hounds use to keep them in close and dark kennels in the day and let them loose at liberty in the night season to the intent that they might with more courage and boldness practise to follow the fellon in the evening and solitary hours of darkness when such ill disposed varlets are principally purposed to play their impudent pranks These Hounds upon whom this present portion of our treatise runneth when they are to follow such fellowes as we have before rehearsed use not that liberty to range at will which they have otherwise when they are in game except upon necessary occasion whereon dependeth an urgent and effectual perswasion when such purloyners make speedy way in flight but being restrained and drawn back from running at random with the leame the end whereof the owner holding in his hand is led guided and directed with such swiftness and slowness whether he go on foot or whether he ride on horseback as he himself in heart would wish for the more easie apprehension of these venturous varlets In the borders of England and Scotland the often and accustomed stealing of Cattel so procuring these kind of Dogs are very much used and they are taught and trained up first of all to hunt Cattel as well of the smaller as of the greater grouth and afterwards that quality relinquished and left they are learned to pursue such pestilent persons as plant their pleasure in such practises of purloining as we have already declared Of this kind there is none that taketh the Water naturally except it please you so to suppose of them which follow the Otter which sometimes haunt the land and sometime useth the water And yet nevertheless all the kinde of them boyling and broyling with greedy desire of the prey which by swimming passeth through river and flood plunge amids the water and passe the stream with their pawes But this property proceedeth from an earnest desire wherewith they be inflamed rather then from any inclination issuing from the ordinance and appointment of nature And albeit some of this sort in English be called Braobe in Scotish Rache the cause thereof resteth in the she-sex and not in the general kinde For we Englishmen call Bitches belonging to the hunting kind of Dogs by the tearm above mentioned To be short it is proper to the nature of Hounds some to keep silence in hunting untill such cime as there is game offered Other some so soon as they smell out the place where the beast lurketh to bewray it immediately by their importunate barking notwithstanding it be far and many furlongs off cowching close in his cabbin And these Dogs the younger they be the more wantonly bark they and the more liberally yet oftentimes without necessity so that in them by reason of their young years and want of practise small certainty is to be reposed For continuance of time and experience in game ministreth to these Hounds not only cunning in running but also as in the rest an assured foresight what is to be done principally being acquainted with their Masters watchwords either in revoking or imboldening them to serve the game Of the DOG called the GASE-HOUND in Latin Agasaeus THis kinde of Dog which pursueth by the eye prevaileth little or never a whit by any benefit of the nose that is by smelling but excelleth in perspicuity and sharpeness of sight altogether by the virtue whereof being singular and notable it hunteth the Fox and the Hare This Dog will chuse and separate any beast from among a great flock or herd and such a one will it take by election as is not lanck lean and hollow but well spred smooth full fat and round it followes by direction of the eyesight which indeed is clear constant and not uncertain if a beast be wounded and go astray the Dog seeketh after it by the stedfastness of the eye if it chance peradventure to return and be mingled with the residue of the flock this Dog spyeth it out by virtue of his eye leaving the rest of the Cattell untouched and after he hath set sure sight upon it he separateth it from among the company and having so done never ceaseth untill he have wearyed the Beast to death Our Countreymen call this Dog Agasaeum a Gase-hound because the beams of his sight are so stedfastly setled and unmoveably fastned These Dogs are much and usually occupied in the Northern parts of England more then in the Southern parts and in fieldy lands rather then in bushie and woody places horsemen use them more then footmen to the intent that they might provoke their horses to a swift gallop wherewith they are more delighted then with the prey it self and that they might accustome their Horse to leap over hedges and ditches without stop or stumble without harme or hazard without doubt or danger and to escape with safegard of life And to the end that the riders themselves when necessity so constrained and the fear of further mischief inforced might save themselves
and to receive into them the fume and the reason hereof is because Goats see as perfectly in the night as in the day time and therefore Celsus saith that this medicine is most agreeable to them that cannot see at all in the night as it hapneth to Women whose monethly courses are stopped and then it is good for them to anoint their eyes with the bloud of a Goat and eat the Liver sod or rosted The powder of the Liver burnt purged and drunk in Wine cureth the Colick If a woman in travel or with childe be swollen up let her take a Goats liver rowled in warm ashes and let her eat it in four dayes and drink old wine thereunto so shall she be delivered The Gall is contrary to all poisoned Witch-craft made upon the rustick Weasil and if the Kings evill be daily touched therewith at the beginning it will keep it from overspreading and with beaten Alum it disperseth Scabs The old Magicians were wont to say that when a Man rubbed his eyes when he lay down and put it underneath his pillow he should sleep soundly it driveth away scabbes in the head if it be mingled with Fullers chaulke so as the hairs may be dry a little and the same with Hony helpeth the eyes according to the saying of Serenus Hyblaei mellis succi cum felle caprino Subveniunt oculis dira caligine pressis The Physitians in application hereof to the cure of eyes take many wayes and mixe it with other drugs as when they give it against whiteness in the eyes with Hellebore against wounds and Pin and Webs with Wine and against the broken tunicles with a womans milk and therefore Rasis and Albertus do justly call the Gall of a Goat an Eye-salve and also being instilled into the ears when they are full of pain it cureth them first mingling it with a scruple of Hony in an earthen sheard and so infusing into the ear and shutting it in with a little wool Also all the pains in the ears are cured by the stalkes or juyce of Leeks Gall of Goats and sweet water and if there be any Rupture in the ear then use therewith a womans milk or warm Oil of Roses likewise against the Cankers in the gums and the Squinancy it is profitable to use it with Hony For all tumors or swellings in the neck take equal quantities of this Gall of Goose-grease and the yolk of an Egge and these being all mingled together let the offended place be rubbed therewith The same with the juyce of Cyclamine and a little Alum looseneth the belly and Wool being well dipped therein and bound to the Navel of the belly expelleth the Worms it cureth the faults in the seat by anointment it also hath another virtue in it expressed by the Poet in this Verse Languidus antiquo purgatur penis Iaccho Ac super illinitur foecundae felle capellae The melt sod cureth the Bloudy-flix and the bladder burnt and given in posset-drink is good for them that cannot contain urine in their sleep and the secunds of a female Goat being drunk in Wine of women after their delivery ejecteth and casteth forth their seconds also The milk is many ways available for Democrates the Physitian in the recovery of Confidia the daughter of Servilius which had been Consul used the milk of Goats a long season which he fed with Lentils Sea-crabs mixed with this milk expelleth poyson and the first milk of a Goat which is milked from her after the weaning of the Kid drunk by him that hath a quartane Ague easeth the fits thereof And some of the ancient Physitians gave as much dung of Swallows as will ly upon three groats mixed with this milk against a quartane Ague and when young Lambs were sick the shepheards cured them by insusing into their chaps the milk of Goats the powder of Betony drunk out of Goats milk stayeth bleeding The holy fire is a disease of Sheep almost incurable because if any remedy do but touch them they fall mad but they only in this malady admit for the recreation or remedy Goats milk The root of the greater Siler decocted in Goats milk cureth those cold ustions in the flesh or belly when the place looketh black or loseth sense and Aesculapius taught his followers and patients to drink it against the Itch or any biting and if at any time there be any strain in any member of the body so that the Article seemeth to decline and lose his former strength and humor it is recovered again by binding unto it Lyne-seed sod in Goats milk Funerius adviseth to wash the face therewith that the beauty of it may be more splendant Take seven Sea-crabs and being beaten to powder mingle them with one pinte of Goats milk and a cup of Oyl and so strain them diligently and infuse them into a Horses mouth which is sick of the Head-ach and it shall cure him The milk also by the counsel of Philistion with the juyce of Cabages Salt and Hony is given against the shortness of breath and if the right eye of a Chamaeleon be pulled out of her alive and put into Goats milk and applyed to the eyes it cureth the whiteness of the eyes The fat of a Bull mixed with this milk and infused into the ears cureth their mattery evils and causeth them to hear more assuredly and firmly The gums of children anointed therewith causeth their teeth to come forth with less pain and fasteneth the loose teeth by often rubbing the corners in the throat and the Arteries are delivered from exulcerations by gargarizing this milk either warmed at the fire or else as it cometh forth of the udder The seed of Cresses decocted in this milk and drunk easeth the pains in the stomach and also purgeth being mixed with Salt and Hony Marcellus prescribeth this excellent purgation which shall never make the party sick that is a pinte of Goats milk two ounces of salt ammoniack and one ounce of the best Mecis beat them all together and give them to the patient fasting and so let him walk a good while till the medicine be wrought in his body and if a woman be with childe and oppressed with Head-ach or have an Ague she may safely take this milk sod with Hony The Physitians make a special drink of this milk which they call Schiston it is sod in a new earthen pot and hath put into it the branches of a fig-tree and so many cups of sweet water as there were pintes of milk and when it boyleth keep it from seething over by putting into it a silver vessel with cold water being taken from the fire divide it into many vessels till it be cold so the whay will part from the milk and some take the whay and seethe it again till the third part be only left and afterward set it abroad in the Sun to cool and this may be safely drunk five
good for the pricking of the eyes the grief of the head and feet it is also good for the dropping of the eyes with a little warm water applyed unto it and if it be a swelling of the eyes then out of Honey either of which griefs is to be kept warm with whay For the grief of a mans Yard seethe Goats Cheese and Honey of a like quantity in a Poultess made in a new earthen pot and so laid thereunto twice a day but first wash the place with old Wine that is to be cured It is good for Carbuncles and if a woman be sick of her womb and troubled with a Fever let her take half a Chaenix of Pettispurge and so much Nettle-seed and half a Chaenix of Goats Cheese scraped being tempered with old Wine and afterward being sodden let her sup it up and if she have the Flix let her drink the black wilde Grape and the rinde of a Pomgranate and a Net-kernel and the rennet of a Bull these being washed in black Wine Goats Cheese and Wheat-flower put them together The fime or dung of such Females as live in the Mountains drunk in Wine cureth the Falling evill and in Galens time they gave the trindles of Goats in Wine against the Jaundise and with the fime they anoint them that have the Flux and made into a Poultess is very helpful against the Colick but Marcellus prepareth it on this manner first it must be steeped in water and strained with sixty grains of Pepper and three porringers of Sweet water and so divide it into three equal potions to be drunk in three several days but the body of the patient must be first washed or anointed with Acopus so as all perfrictions by sweat may be avoided Aetius against the hardness of the Spleen prescribeth a plaister made of Goats dung Barley meal and the dung alone against all tumors or swellings of the milt Against water lying betwixt the skin and the skin and the flesh this is prepared many ways and first against the Dropsie they seethe it the in urine of a Boy which hath tasted of poyson or in the Goats urine till it be as thick that it will stick and cleave and it will purge all by the belly and also the shavings of hides which Coriers make sod in Vinegar with Goats dung is accounted in England a singular medicine to repress all hydropick swelling in the legs and belly The fime of Female-goats drunk in sweet water expelleth the Stone out of the Bladder Against the pain in the hips the Arabians prescribe it in this manner which they call adustion betwixt the thumb and the hand there is a hollow place wherein they put Wool dipped in Oyl afterward they set on fire little piles of Goats dung in the same Wooll and there let it burn till the fume and vapour thereof be sensibly felt in the hip-bone some use to apply this to the fat but in our time it is all out of use and seeing yet the pains of the hip do rather fall into the thighs shins and legs then ascend up into the Arms and shoulders Aetius and Cornarius say that this adustion for the hips was used in the ancient time divers ways and some on this manner holding the burning dung in a pair of tongs unto the leg of that side where the pain lyeth untill the adustion be felt in the hip and this course used Dioscorides Quintillius used another way which was this he first of all heat the Goats dung and therewithall burned the soft and fleshy part of the great toe neer unto the nail untill it pierced to the sick place after such ustions they lay beaten leaves of Leeks with Salt to the place but in the hard bodies of Country men inured to labour they apply the Dung of Goats with Barley meal and Vinegar The same with Saffron and Goats sewet applyed to the Gowt healeth it or else Mustard-seed stalks of Ivy Bettony or the flower of Wilde-cowcumber the same drunk with Spikenard or other Spice stirreth up a Womans flowres and causeth easie deliverance but being beaten into Meal and Vinegar and laid to a Womans belly with Wooll and Frankincense stayeth all Fluxes and Issues also little bals of the same with hairs and the fat of a Sea-calf wrought al together and perfumed under a woman hath the same effect or else the liver of a Sea-calf and the shavings of Cedar-wood Pliny affirmeth that the Mid-wives of his time stayd the greatest Flux of the belly by drinking the urine of a Goat and afterwards anointing it with the dung of a Horse that hath bruised his hoof Goats bloud with Vinegar cureth the same and if an Aple-tree have worms in it the dung of a Goat and the urine of a man laid to the root drive them away The urine of Goats bloud drunk with Vinegar resisteth the stinging of Serpents and also being laid to bunches and swellings in the flesh in what part soever they be it disperseth and expelleth them Against the stifness of the neck which they call Opisthotones take urine of a Goat and the heads of Scallions bruised to juyce and infuse them into the ears and the same mingled with the Oyl of Roses and a little Nitre cureth the pain in the ears by infusion or by the smoke perfumed in a Goats horn twenty days together Against natural deafness take the horn of a Goat newly slain and fill it with urine and hang it up nine days in the smoke and afterwards use it The urine of a Goat made warm and instilled into the ears and the fime anointed with fat is good for the veins of the throat For the Dropsie drink one spoonful mingled with Carduus and warm it at the fire also mingled with Wine or Water it expelleth the Stone in the Bladder according to the saying of Serenus Nec non obscoenus caprae potabitur humor Obruit hic morbum tabefactaque saxa remittis The same Physitian prescribeth Goats trindles to be dâ—â—nk in Wine against the Jaundise and to stay the fluxes of women the same dung tyed in a cloth about unquiet children especially women-kinde maketh them more still being mingled with Wine cureth the bitings of Vipers and the dung taken out of the Goats belly and anointed upon the sore cureth it with all speed the same vertue it hath to heal men wounded by Scorpions being decocted in Vinegar it cureth also the biting of a mad Dog mixed with Honey and Wine Being laid upon a Wound it keepeth it from swelling it hath the same vertue mingled with Barley-meal but healeth the Kings evill It is used also to ripen sores and ruptures being applyed to the suppurations it keepeth down the swellings of womens brests being first dryed and then steeped in new Wine and so laid to the sore for it digesteth inflamation When the eye-lids be thick hard red and bald take Goats dung and Mouse dung of either a like quantity
the use of his whole hand to the great grief of all his friends and also of all the Muses which were wont to be much delighted with such passing sweet musick as that his fine quavering hand could sometime make upon divers Instruments but especially upon the Virginals This Horse I say though he could eat his meat drink his drink and sleep yet if he were never so little offended he would take on like a spirit and both bite and strike at any man that came nigh him yea and would bite himself by the shoulders most terribly pulling away lumps of flesh so broad as a mans hand and whensoever he was ridden he was fain to be musled with a muslel of iron made of purpose to keep him from biting either of his Rider or of himself which no doubt proceeded of some kinde of frenzy or madness whereunto the Horse was subject by means that hot bloud as I take it abounded over-much in him But now as touching the causes signes and cure of Horses madness you shall hear the opinion of old Writers for Martin never took such cure in hand Absyrtus and the other Authors before mentioned say that the madness of a Horse cometh either by means of some extream heat taken by travelling or long standing in the hot Sun or else by eating over many fitches or by some hot bloud resorting to the panicles of the brain or through abundance of choler remaining in the veins or else by drinking of some very unwholesome water The signes be these he will bite the manger and his own body and run upon every man that comes nigh him he will continually shake his ears and stare with his eyes and some at the mouth and also as Hippocrates saith he will forsake his meat and pine himself with hunger The cure Cause him to be let bloud in his legs abundantly which is done as I take it to divert the bloud from his head Notwithstanding it were not amiss to let him bloud in the neck and brest veins Then give him this drink take the roots of wilde Cowcumber and boil it in harsh red Wine and put thereunto a little Nitre and give it him with a horn luke-warm or if you can get no Cowcumber then take Rue and Mints and boil them in the Wine it were not amiss also to add thereunto a handful of black Elleborus for that is a very good herb against madness Eumelius saith that if you give him mans dung in Wine to drink three mornings together it will heal him also to take of black Elleborus two or three handfuls and boil it in a sufficient quantity of strong Vinegar and therewith rub and chafe both his head and all his body once or twice a day for the oftner his head is rubbed the better and often exercise is very profitable to all his body Some again would have the skin of his body to be pierced in divers places with an hot iron to let out the evill humors but if none of all this will prevail then the last remedy is to geld him of both his stones or else of one at the least for either that will heal him or else nothing As touching the diet and usage of a mad Horse the Authors do not agree for some would have him kept in a close dark and quiet house void from all noise which as Absyrtus saith will either make him madder or else kill him out of hand His diet would be thin that is to say without any provender and that day that he is let bloud and receiveth his drink they would have him fast untill even and then to have a warm mash of Barley meal yea me thinks it were not amiss to feed him only with warm mashes and hay and that by a little at once untill he be somewhat recovered Another of the Head-ach THe Head-ach as most are opinionated proceedeth of cold and raw digestion the cure is Take a Goose feather anointed with Oyl-de-bay and thrust it up into the Horses nostrils to make him neese then take a wreath of Pease-straw or wet hay and putting fire thereunto hold it under the Horses nose so as the smoke may ascend up into his head then being thus perfumed take a knife and prick him in the palat of the mouth so that he may lick up and chaw his own bloud which done have great care in keeping his head warm and doubt not his recovery Of the Sleeping-evil THis is a disease forcing the Beast continually to sleep whether he will or not taking his memory and appetite clean away and therefore is called of the Physitians Lethargus it proceedeth of abundance of flegm moistning the brain overmuch It is easie to know it by the continual sleeping of the Horse The cure of this disease according to Pelagonius Vegetius and others is in this sort Let him bloud in the neck and then give him this drink Take of Camomile and Mother-wort of each two or three handfuls and boil them in a sufficient quantity of water and put thereunto a little Wheat-bran Salt and Vinegar and let him drink a pinte of that every day the space of three or four days together It is good also to perfume and chafe his head with Thyme and Pennyroyal sodden together in Vinegar or with Brimstone and feathers burned upon a chafingdish of coals under his nose and to provoke him to neese by blowing Pepper and Pyrethre beaten to powder up into his nostrils yea and to anoint the palate of his mouth with Honey and Mustard mingled together and in his drink which would be always warm water to put Parsley seed and Fennel seed to provoke urine His legs also would be bathed and his hoofs filled with Wheat-bran Salt and Vinegar sodden together and laid to so hot as he may endure it and in any case suffer him not to sleep but keep him waking and stirring by continual crying unto him or pricking him with some sharp thing that cannot pass through the skin or else by beating him with a whip and this doing he shall recover Another of the Sleeping-evill THe Sleeping-evill in a Horse differeth nothing from that which the Physitians call the Lethargy in men for it provoketh the Horse to sleep continually without desisting robbing his memory and appetite of their qualities the knowledge thereof is easily known by his drowsiness and the cure in this sort Let one stand by him and either with fearful noise or stripes perforce keep him waking then let him bloud under the eyes and in the neck and then take a leaf or two of the best Tobacco which being dryed and beaten to powder with a quill blow it up into his nostrils and give him to drink Vinegar Salt and Mustard mingled well together to which if you put a little Honey it shall not be amiss and also when he drinketh any water put thereto either Fennel-seeds Aniseeds or Pepper Of a Horse that is taken A Horse is said to
if every day with hard ropes of hay or straw you rub and chafe that part exceedingly and apply there to a little quantity of the Oyl of Pepper If the Convulsion be accidental proceeding of some hurt whereby the sinew is wounded or prickt then shall you incontinently take up the sinew so wounded searching the wound with great discretion and cut it clean in sunder then shall you endeavour to heal up the same with unguents plaisters and balms as shall be hereafter mentioned in the chapters of wounds and ulcers of what kinde or nature soever Of the Cold in the Head ACcording as the cold which the Horse hath taken is new or old great or small and also according as humors do abound in his head and as such humors be thick or thin so is the disease more or less dangerous For if the Horse casteth little or no matter out of his nose or hath no very great cough but only heavy in his head and perhaps lightly cougheth now and then it is a sign that he is stopped in the head which we were wont to call the pose But if his head be full of humors congealed by some extream cold taken of long time past and that he casteth foul filthy matter out at the nose and cougheth grievously then it is a sign that he hath either the Glaunders or the Strangullion mourning of the chein or Consumption of the Lungs For all such diseases do breed for the most part of the rheume or distillation that cometh from the head Of the cures thereof we leave to speak until we come to talk of the diseases in the throat minding here to shew you how to heal the pose or cold before mentioned Martin saith it is good to purge his head by perfuming him with Frankincense and also to provoke him to neeze by thrusting two Gouse feathers dipt in Oyl-de-bay up into his nostrils and then to trot him up and down half an hour for these feathers will make him to cast immediately at the nose Lautentius Russius would have him to be perfumed with Wheat Pennyroyal and Sage sodden well together and put into a bag so hot as may be which bag would be so close fastened to his head that all the savour thereof may ascend up into his nostrils and his head also would be covered and kept warm and to provoke him to neeze he would have you to binde a soft clout anointed with Sope or else with Butter and Oyl-de-bay unto a stick and to thrust that up and down into his nostrils so high as you may conveniently go and let him be kept warm and drink no cold water Yea it shall be good for three or four days to boil in his water a little Fenigreek Wheat meal and a few Anise-seeds And every day after that you have purged his head by perfuming him or by making him to neeze cause him to be trotted up and down either in the warm Sun or else in the house half an hour which would be done before you water him and give him his provender Of the Cold in the Head THe pose or cold in a Horse is the most general disease that hapneth and is the easiest perceived both by stopping ratling in the nose and coughing the cure thereof is in this sort If it be but newly taken by some-careless regard and immediately perceived you shall need no other remedy but to keep him warm every morning and evening after his water to ride him forth and to trot him up and down very fast till his cold break and then gently to gallop him a little which moderate exercise with warm keeping will quickly recover him again but if the cold hath had long residence in him and still encreaseth then you shall give him this drink three days together Take of strong Ale one quart of the best Treakle six penny-worth of long Pepper and grains of each as much beaten to powder of the juyce of Garleek two spoonfuls boyl all these together and give it the Horse to drink so warm as he may suffer it and then trot him up and down by the space of an hour or more and keep him warm giving him to drink no cold water Of the diseases of the Eyes HOrses eyes be subject to divers griefs as to be waterish or bloud-shotten to be dim of sight to have the Pin and Web and the Haw whereof some comes of inward causes as of humors resorting to the eyes and some of outward as of cold heat or stripe Of Weeping or Watering Eyes THis as Laurentius Russius saith may come sometime by confluence of humors and some-time by some stripe whose cure I leave to recite because it doth not differ from Martins experience here following Take of Pitch Rosen and Mastick a like quantity melt them together Then with a little stick having a clout bound to the end thereof and dipt therein anoint the temple veins on both sides a handful above the eyes as broad as a Testern and then clap unto it immediately a few flocks of like colour to the Horse holding them close to his head with your hand untill they stick fast unto his head then let him bloud on both sides if both sides be infected a handful under the eyes Russius also thinketh it good to wash his eyes once a day with pure pure white wine and then to blow therein a little of Tartarum and of Pumice stone beaten into fine powder Of Watering Eyes WAtering eyes come most commonly in some stripe or blow and the cure is thus Lay unto his temples a plaister of Turpentine and Pitch molten together then wash his eyes with white Wine and afterward blow the powder of burnt Allum into the same Of Bloud-shotten Eyes also for a blow or itching and rubbing in the Eyes MArtin never used any other medicine then this water here following wherewith he did always heal the foresaid griefs Take of pure Rose water of Malmsie of Fennel water of each three spoonfuls of Tutia as much as you can easily take with your thumb and finger of Cloves a dozen beaten into fine powder mingle them together and being luke-warm or cold if you will wash the inward part of the eye with a feather dipt therein twice a day untill he be whole Russius saith that to bloud-shotten eyes it is good to lay the white of an Egge or to wash them with the juyce of Celidony Another of Bloud-shotten Eyes or any other sore Eye coming of rheume or other humor FOr any sore eye make this water Take of the water of Eye-bright of Rose water and Malmsey of each three spoonfuls of Cloves six or seven beaten to fine powder of the juyce of Houseleek two spoonfuls mix all these together and wash the Horses eyes therewith once a day and it will recover him Of dimness of sight and also for the Pin and Web or any other spot in the Eye IF the Horse be dim of sight or
biggen of Canvas to close in the sore so as the tent with the Ointment may abide within renewing the tent once a day untill it be whole But if the Horse have pain in his ears without any great swelling or Impostumation then thrust in a little black Wooll dipt in Oyl of Camomile and that wilâ— heal it Of the Poll evill THis is a disease like a Fistula growing betwixt the ears and the poll or nape of the neck and proceedeth of evill humors gathered together in that place or else of some blow or bruise for that is the weakest and tenderest part of all the head and therefore soonest offended which rude Carters do little consider whilest in their fury they beat their Horses upon that place of the head with their whip-stocks and therefore no Horse is more subject to this disease then the Cart-horse and this disease cometh most in Winter season The signes You shall perceive it by the swelling of the place which by continuance of time will break it self rotting more inward then outward and therefore is more perillous if it be not cured in time and the sooner it be taken in hand the better The cure according to Martin is thus If it be not broken ripe it with a plaister of Hogs grease laid unto it so hot as may be and make a biggen for the Poll of his head to keep it from cold which biggen would have two holes open so as his â—ars may stand out and renew the plaister every day once untill it break keeping the sore place as warm as may be And if you see that it will not break so soon as you would have it then there as it is softest and most meetest to be opened take a round hot Iron as big as your little finger and sharp at the point and two inches beneath that soft place thrust it in a good deepness upward so as the point of the Iron may come out at the ripest place to the intent that the matter may descend downward and come at the neather hole which would be always kept open and therefore tent it with a tent of flax dipt in Hogs grease and lay a plaister of Hogs grease also upon the same renewing it every day once the space of four days which is done chiefly to kill the heat of the fire Then at the four days end take of Turpentine half a pound clean washed in nine sundry waters and after that throughly dryed by thrusting out the water with a slice on the dishes side then put thereunto two yolks of Egges and a little Saffron and mingle them well together that done search the depth of the hole with a whole quill and make a tent of a piece of spunge so long as it may reach the bottom and so big as it may fill the wound and anoint the tent with the aforesaid Ointment and thrust it into the wound either with that quill or else by winding it up with your finger and thumb by little and little untill you have thrust it home and lay on the plaister of Hogs grease made luke-warm renuing it every day once or twice untill it be whole But if the swelling cease then you need not to use the plaister but only to tent it and as the matter decreaseth so make your tent every day lesser and lesser untill the wound be perfectly whole Of the Vives THe Vives be certain kernels growing under the Horses ear proceeding of some rank or corrupt bloud resorting to the place which within are full of little white grains like white salt kernels The Italians call them Vivole which if they be suffered to grow Laurentius Russius saith that they will grievously pain the Horse in his throat so as he shall not be able to swallow his meat nor to breath They be easie to know for they may be felt and also seen The cure according unto Martin is in this sort First draw them down in the midst with a hot iron from the root of the ear so far as the tip of the ear will reach being puld down and under the root again draw two strikes on each side like a broad arrow head then in the midst of the first line lance them with a lancet and taking hold of the kernels with a pair of pinsons pull them so far forward as you may cut the kernels out without hurting the vein that done fill the hole with white Salt But Hierocles would have them to be cured in this sort Take a piece of Spunge sowsed well in strong Vinegar and binde that to the sore renewing it twice a day untill it hath rotted the kernels that done lance the neathermost part where the matter lyeth and let it out and then fill it up with Salt finely brayed and the next day wash all the filth away with warm water and anoint the place with Honey and Fitchflowre mingled together But beware you touch none of the kernels with your bare finger for fear of venoming the place which is very apt for a Fistula to breed in Another of the Vives THe Vives be certain kernels growing under the Horses ear which come of corrupt bloud the cure is diversly spoke and written of but this is the best mean which I have tryed that if you finde the kernels to enflame and grieve the Horse take a handful of Sorrel and lay it in a Bur-dock leaf and rost it in the hot embers like a Warden then being taken out of the fire apply it so hot as may be to the fore part suffering it to ly thereunto the space of a day and a night and then renew it till such time that it ripen and break the sore which it will in short space do When it is broken and the vilde matter taken away you shall heal up the sore place with the yolk of an Egge half a spoonful of Honey and as much Wheat-flowre as will serve to make it thick plaister-wise which being bound thereunto will in three or four days heal the same Of the Cankerous Ulcer in the Nose THis disease is a fretting humor eating and consuming the flesh and making it all raw within and not being holpen in time will eat through the gristle of the nose It cometh of corrupt bloud or else of sharp humors ingendered by means of some extream cold The signes be these He will bleed at the nose and all the flesh within will be raw and filthy stinking savours and matter will come out at the nose The cure according to Martin is thus Take of green Copperas of Allum of each one pound of white Copperas one quartern and boil these in a pottle of running water untill a pinte be consumed then take it off and put thereunto half a pinte of Honey then cause his head to be holden up with a drinking staffe and â—quirt into his nostrils with a squirt of brass or rather of Elder some of this water being luke-warm three or four times one after
awry as I have seen divers my self then I think it not good that the Horse be drawn with a hot iron on both sides of the neck but only on the contrary side As for example if he bend his head toward the right side then to draw him as is aforesaid only on the left side and to use the rest of the cure as is abovesaid and if need be you may splent him also with handsome staves meet for the purpose to make his neck stand right Of Wens in the neck A Wen is a certain kirnell like a tumor of swelling the inside whereof is hard like a gristle and spongious like a skin full of wrets Of Wens some be great and some be small Again some be very painful and some not painful at all The Physitians say that they proceed of grosse and vicious humors but Vegetius saith that they chance to a Horse by taking cold or by drinking of waters that be extreme cold The cure according to Martin is thus Take of Mallowes Sage and red Nettles of each one handful boil them in running water and put thereunto a little Butter and Honey and when the Herbs be soft take them out and all to bruise them and put thereunto of oil of Bay two ounces and two ounces of Hogs grease and warm them together over the fire mingling them well together that done plaister it upon a piece of leather so big as the Wen and lay it to so hot as the Horse may endure it renewing it every day in such sort the space of eight days and if you perceive that it will come to no head then lance it from the midst of the Wen downward so deep as the matter in the bottom may be discovered and let out that done heal it up with this Salve Take of Turpentine a quarter and wash it nine times in fair new water then put thereunto the yolk of an Egge and a little English Saffron beaten into powder and make a tent or rowle of Flax and dip it in that ointment and lay it unto the sore renewing the same every day once untill it be whole Of swelling in the neck after blood-letting THis may come of the fleam being rusty and so causing the vein to rankle or else by means of some cold wind striking suddainly into the hole The cure according to Martin is thus First anoint it with oil of Camomile warmed and then lay upon it a little hay wet in cold water and bind it about with a cloth renewing it every day the space of five dayes to see whether it will grow to a head or else vanish away If it grow to a head then give it a slit with a lancer and open it with a Cornet that the matter may come out Then heal it up by tenting it with Flax dipt in Turpentine and Hogs grease molten together dressing it so once a day untill it be whole How to 〈◊〉 bloud IF a Horse be let bloud when the signe is in the neck the 〈◊〉 perhaps will not leave bleeding so soon as a man would have it which if any such thing chauce then Russius saith it is good to binde thereunto a lettle new Horse dung tempered with chalke and strong Vinegar and not to remove it from thence the space of three dayes or else to lay thereunto burnt silk felt or cloth for all such things will staunch bloud Of the falling of the Crest THis cometh for the most part of poverty and specially when a fat Horse falleth away suddainly The cure according to Martin is thus Draw his Crest the deepness a straw on the contrary side with a hot iron the edge of which iron would be half an inch broad and make your beginning and ending somewhat beyond the fall so as the first draught may go all the way hard upon the edge of the mane even underneath the roots of the same bearing your hand right downward into the neckward then answer that with another draught beneath and so far distant from the first as the fall is broad compassing as it were all the fall but still on the contrary side and betwixt those two draughts right in the midst draw a third draught then with a button iron of an◠inch about burn at each end a hole and also in the spaces betwixt the draughts make divers holes distant three fingers broad one from another that done to slake the fire anoint it every day once for the space of nine dayes with a feather dipt in fresh Butter moulten Then take Mallows and Sage of each one a handful boil them well in running water and wash the burning away untill it be raw flesh then dry it up with this powder Take of Hony half a pinte and so much unfleck't lime as will make that Hony thick like paste then hold it in a fire-pan over the fire untill it be baked so hard as it may be made in powder and sprinkle that upon the sore places Of the falling of the Crest THe falling of the Crest is occasioned most commonly through poverty yet sometimes I have seen it chance thorugh the ill proportion of the Crest which being high thick and heavy the neck thin and weak underneath is not able to support or sustain it up however it be there is remedy for both if it proceed of poverty first try by good keeping to get it up again but if it will not rise or that the original of the disease be in the ill fashion of the Crest then let this be the cure First with your hand raise up the Crest as you would have it stand or rather more to that side from which it declineth then take up the skin between your fingers on that side from which the Crest swarveth and with a sharp knife cut away the breadth of very near an inch and the length of four inches which done stitch up the skin together again with three or four stitches and by means of strings weights or other devises keep the Crest perforce on that side applying thereunto a plaister of Deers sewet and Turpentine boiled together till the sore be healed and at the self same instant that by this manner of insition you draw together and straiten the skin on that side you shall in this sort give liberty to the other side whereby the Crest may the easier attain to his place Take a hot iron made in fashion of a knife the edge being a quarter of an inch broad and therewith from the upper part of his Crest unto the neather part of the same extending towards his shoulder draw three lines in this forme and the same anoint dayly with fresh Butter untill such time as it be perfectly whole By this manner of cure you may make any lave-ear'd Horse to be as prick-ear'd and comely as any other Horse whatsoever Of the manginess of the Mane THe manginess proceedeth of rankness of bloud or of poverty of lowsiness or else of rubbing where a
to come of some grosse and tough humor cleaving hard to the hollow places of the Lungs which stoppeth the winde-pipes so as the Horse cannot easily draw his breath and if it continue it will either grow to the Pursick or else break his winde altogether The signs be these He will cough both often drily and also vehemently without voiding at the nose or mouth The cure according to Martin is in this sort Take a close earthen pot and put therein three pintes of strong Vinegar and four Eggs shels and all unbroken and four Garlick heads clean pilled and bruised and set the pot being very close covered in some warm dunghil and there let it stand a whole night and the next morning with your hand take out the Egges which will be so soft as silk and lay them by untill you have strained the Garlick and Vinegar through a fair cloth then put to that liquor a quartern of Hony and half a quartern of Sugarcandy and two ounces of Licoras and two ounces of Anise seeds beaten all into fine powder And then the Horse having fasted all the night before in the morning betwixt seven and eight of the clock open his mouth with a cord and whorle therein one of the Egges so as he may swallow it down and then immediately powre in after a hornefull of the aforesaid drink being first made lukewarm and cast in another Egge with another hornful of drink and so continue to do untill he hath swallowed up all the Egges and drunk up all the drink and then bridle him and cover him with warmer clothes then he had before and bring him into the stable and there let him stand on the bit at the bate rack well littered up to the belly the space of two hours Then unbit him and if it be in Winter offer him a handfull of Wheaten straw if in Summer give him grasse and let him eat no hay unless it be very well dusted and sprinkled with water and give him not much thereof And therefore you shall need to give him the more provender which also must be well cleansed of all filth and dust and give him no water the space of nine dayes And if you perceive that the Cough doth not wear away then if it be in Winter purge him with these pils Take of Lard two pound laid in water two hours then take nothing but the clean fat thereof and stamp it in a morter and thereto put of Licoras of Anise seeds of Fenegreek of each beaten into powder three ounces of Aloes in powder two ounces of Agarick one ounce Knead these together like paste and make thereof six bals as big as an Egge Then the Horse having fasted over night give him the next morning these pils one after another anointed with Hony and Oyl mingled together in a platter and to the intent he may swallow them down whether he will or not when you have opened his mouth catch hold of his tongue and hold it fast while you whirle in one of the pils that done thrust it into his throat with 〈◊〉 rolling-pin and then let his tongue go untill he hath swallowed it down then give him 〈…〉 all the rest of the pils and let him stand on the bit warm clothed and littered the space of three hours at the least and after that give him a little wet hay and warm water with a little ground mault in it to drink and let him drink 〈◊〉 other but warm water the space of a week And now and then in a fair sunny day it shall be good to trot him one hour abroad to breath him Of the Fretized broken and rotten Lungs THis proceedeth as Absyrtus and Theomnestus saith either of an extreme Cough or of vehement running or leaping or of over greedy drinking after great thirst for the Lungs be inclosed in a very thin film or skin and therefore easie to be broken which if it be not cured in time doth grow to Apostumation and to corruption oppressing all the Lungs which of old Authors is called Vomicâ— and Suppuratio But Theomnestus saith that broken Lungs and rotten Lungs be two divers diseases and have divers signes and divers cures The signes of broken Lungs be these the Horse draweth his wind short and by little at once he will turn his head often toward the place grieved and groaneth in his breathing he is afraid to cough and yet cougheth as though he had eaten small bones The same Theomnestus healed a friends Horse of his whose Lungs were st 〈…〉 or rather broken as he saith by continual eating of Salt with this manner of cure here following Let the Horse have quiet and rest and then let him bloud in the hanches where the veins appear most and give him to drink the space of seven dayes Barley or rather Oates sodden in Goats milk oâ— if you can get no milk boil it in water and put therein some thick collops of Lard and of 〈…〉 and let him drink that and let his common drink in Winter season â—e the decoction of Wheat meal and in the Summer time the decoction of Barley and this as he saith will bind his â—â—ngs again together Vegetius utterly disalloweth letting of bloud in any such disease as this is and all manner of sharp medicines for fear of provoking the Cough by means whereof the broken places can never heal perfectly And therefore neither his medicines nor meat would be harsh but smooth gentle and cooling The best medicine that may be given him at all times is this Take of F 〈…〉 k and of Linseed of each half a pound of Gum dragant of Mastick of Myrrhe of Sugar of Fitch flowre of each one ounce Let all these things be beaten into fine powder and then 〈◊〉 oâ—â— whole night in a sufficient quantity of warm water and the next day give him a quart of this luke-warm putting thereunto two or three ounces of Oyl of Roses continuing so to do many dayes together and if the disease be new this will heal him yea and it will ease him very much although the disease be old which is thought uncurable And in Winter season so long as he standeth in the stable let him drink no cold water and let his meat be clean without dust but in Summer season it were best to let him run to grasse for so long as he eateth grasse a man shall scantly perceive this disease Thus much of broken lungs Of putrified and rotten lungs THe signes to know whether a Horses lungs be putrified or rotten according to Theomnestus are these The Horse will eat and drink greedilyeâ— then he was wont to do he shall be oftner vexed with a Cough and in coughing he will cast little lumps of matter out of his mouth The cure whereof according to Theomnestus is thus Give him to drink every morning the space of seven dayes the juyce of Purslain mingled with Oil of Roses and add thereunto a little Tragagantum that
Take of Parsley two handfuls of Coriander one handful stamp them and strain them with a quart of white Wine and dissolve therein one ounce of Cake-sope and give it luke-warm unto the Horse to drink and keep him as warm as may be and let him drink no cold water for the space of five or six days and when you would have him to stale let it be either upon plenty of straw or upon some green plot or else in a Sheeps cot the savour whereof will greatly provoke him to stale as hath been aforesaid Of Pissing Bloâ—d PElogonius saith that if a Horse be over-much laboured or over-charged with heavy burthen or over fat he will many times piss bloud and the rather as I think for that some vein is broken within the Horses body and then cleer bloud will come forth many times as the Physitians say without any piss at all But if the bloud be perfectly mingled together with his stale then it is a signe that it cometh from the Kidnies having some stone therein which through vehement labour doth freâ— the kidnies and veins thereof and so cause them to bleed through which while the urine passeth most needs be infected and dyed with the bloud It may come also by some stripe or from the muscle that incloseth the neck of the bladder The cure according to Pelagonius Absyrtus Hierocles and the rest is thus Let the Horse bloud in the palate of the mouth to convert the bloud the contrary way then take of Tragagant that hath been steeped in Wine half an ounce and of Poppy seed one dram and one scruple and of â—tirax as much and twelve Pine-apple-kernels let all these things be beaten and mingled well together and give the Horse thereof every morning the space of seven days the quantity of a Hasel-nut distempered in a quart of Wine me thinks that the quantity of a Wal-nut were too little for so much Wine Some write that it is good to make him a drink with the root of the herb Aâ—phodelus which some call Daffadil mingled with Wheat-flowre and Sâ—mach sodden long in water and so to be given the Horse with some Wine added thereunto or make him a drink of Goats milk and Oyl straining thereunto a little Fromenty Anatolius saith that it is good to give the Horse three days together sodden Beans clean pilled whereunto would be added some Deers Sewet and a little Wine Of the Colt Evil. THis name Colt Evil in my judgement doth properly signifie that disease which the Physitians call Pâ—iapismus which is a continual standing together with an unnatural swelling of the yard proceeding of some winde filling the arteries and hollow sinew or pipe of the yard or else through the abundance of seed which do chance oftentimes to man and I think some-time to stoned Horses Notwithstanding Martin saith that the Colt Evil is a swelling of the sheath of the yard and part of the belly thereabout caused of corrupt seed coming out of the yard and remaining within the sheath where it putrifieth And Geldings most commonly are subject to this disease not being able for lack of natural heat to expel their â—eed any further For Horses as Martin saith are seldom troubled with this disease because of their heat unless it be when they have been over travelled or otherwise weakened The cure according to him is thus Wash the sheath clean within with luke-warm Vinegar then draw out his yard and wash that also that done ride him into some running stream up to the belly tossing him therein to and fro to allay the heat of the members and use him thus two or three days and he shall be whole Another of the Colt Evil. THe Colt Evil is a disease that cometh to stoned Horses through ranâ—kness of nature and want of vent it appeareth in his cod and sheath which will swell exceedingly the cure is nothing for if you will but every day twice or thrice drive him to the mid-side in some Pond oâ— running River the swelling will fall and the Horse will do well If the Horse be of years and troubled with this grief if you put him to a Mare it is not amiss for standing still in a stable without exercise is a great occasion of this disease Of the mattering of the Yard IT cometh at covering time when the Horse and Marâ— both are over-hot and so perhaps 〈◊〉 themselves The cure according to Martin is thus Take a pinte of white Wine and boil therein a quartern of roch Allum and squirt thereof into his Yard three or four squiâ—efuls one after another and thrust the squirt so far as the liquor may pierce to the bottom â—o scour away the bloudy matter continuing thus to do once a day untill he be whole Of the shedding of Seed THis disease is called of the Physitians Goâ—â—rrhea which may come sometime through 〈◊〉 dance and ranckness of seed and sometime by the weakness of the stones and seed vessels not able to retain the seed untill it be digested and thickned Vegetius saith that this disease will make the Horse very faint and weak and especially in Summer season For cure whereof the said Vegetius would have the Horse to be ridden into some cold water even up to the belly so as his stones may be covered in water and then his fundament being first bathed with warm water and Oyl he would have you to thrust in your hand and arm even to the very bladder and softly to rub and claw the same and the parts thereabouts which be the seed vessels that done to cover him warm that he take no cold and every day he would have you to give the Horse Hogs dung to drink with red Wine untill he be whole I for my part if I thought it came of weakness as is aforesaid which I would judge by the waterishness of the seed and unlustiness of the Horse would give him red Wine to drink and put therein a little Acatium the juyce of Plantain and a little Mastick and bath his back with red Wine and Oyl of Roses mingled together Of the Falling of the Yard IT cometh as I take it through the weakness of the member by means of some resolution in the muscles and sinews serving the same caused at the first perhaps by some great strain or stripe on the back It may come also by weariness and tiring For remedy whereof Absyrtus was wont to wash the yard with salt water from the Sea if it may be gotten and if not with water and salt and if that prevailed not he would all to prick the outmost skin of the yard with a sharp needle but not deep and then wash all the pricks with strong Vinegar and that did make the Horse as he saith to draw up his yard again immediately yea and this also will remedy the falling out of the fundament Pelagoâ—ius would have you to put into the pipe of his yard Honey and Salt boyled together
the quantity of three pintes on the breast in the palat-vein receiving the bloud in a pot and thereunto put first a quart of strong Vinegar and half a dozen broken Egges shels and all and so much Wheat-flowre as will thicken all that liquor That done put thereunto Bole Armony beaten into fine powder one pound Sanguis Draconis two ounces and mingle them all together so as the flowre may not be perceived and if it be too stiffe you may make it more liquid or soft with a little Vinegar Then with your hand daub all the shoulder from the mane downward and betwixt the fore-bowels all against the hair and let not the Horse depart out of that place untill the charge be surely fastned unto the skin That done carry him into the stable and tie him up to the rack and suffer him not to lie down all that day and give him a little meat dieting him moderately the space of fifteen days during which time he may not stir out of his place but only lie down and every day once refresh the shoulder point with this charge laying still new upon the old and at the fifteen days end lead him abroad to see how he goeth and if he be somewhat amended then let him rest without travelling the space of one month and that shall bring his shoulder to perfection But if he be never the better for this that is done then it shall be needful to rowel him with a leather rowel upon the shoulder-point and to keep him rowelled the space of fifteen days renewing the rowel and cleansing the wound every other day and then walk him up and down fair and softly and turn him always on the contrary side to the sore and when he goeth upright pull out the rowel and heal the wound with a tent of flax dipt in Turpentine and Hogs grease molten together And if all this will not serve then it shall be needful to draw him checker-wise with a hot iron over all the Shoulder-point and also make him to draw in a plough every day two hours at the least to settle his joynts for the space of three weeks or a month and if anything will help him these two last remedies will help him and make him to go upright again Of Splaiting in the Shoulder THis cometh by some dangerous sliding or slipping whereby the shoulder parteth from the breast and so leaves an open rift not in the skin but in the flesh and film next under the skin and so he halteth and is not able to go you shall perceive it by trailing his leg after him in his going The cure according to Martin is thus First put a pair of straight pasterns on his fore-feet keeping him still in the stable without disquieting him Then take of Dialthea one pound of Sallet Oyl one pinte of Oyl-de-bays half a pound of fresh Butter half a pound melt all these things together in a Pipkin and anoint the grieved place therewith and also round about the inside of the shoulder and within two or three days after both that place and all the shoulder besides will swell Then either prick him with a lancet or fleam in all the swelling places or else with some other sharp hot Iron the head whereof would be an inch long to the intent that the corruption may run out and use to anoint it still with the same Ointment But if you see that it will not go away but swell still and gather to a head then lance it where the swelling doth gather most and is soft under the finger and then tent it with flax dipt in this Ointment Take of Turpentine and of Hogs grease of each two ounces and melt them together renewing the tent twice a day untill it be whole Of the Shoulder pight THis is when the shoulder point or pitch of the shoulder is displaced which grief is called of the Italians Spallato and it cometh by reason of some great fall forward rush or strain The signes be these That shoulder-point will stick out further then his fellow and the Horse will halt right down The cure according to Martin is thus First make him to swim in a deep water up and down a dozen turns and that shall make the joynt to return into his place Then make two tough pins of Ashen wood as much as your little finger sharp at the points each one five inches long that done slit the skin an inch above the point and an inch beneath the point of the shoulder and thrust in one of the pins from above downward so as both ends may equally stick without the skin And if the pin of wood will not easily pass through you may make it way first with an Iron pin That done make other two holes cross to the first holes so as the other pin may cross the first pin right in the midst with a right cross and the first pin would be somewhat flat in the midst to the intent that the other being round may pass the better without stop and close the justâ—â— together Then take a piece of a little line somewhat bigger then a whip-cord and at one end make a loop which being put over one of the pins ends winde the rest of the line good and straight about the pine ends so as it may lie betwixt the pins ends and the skin and fasten the last end with a pack-needle and packthread unto the rest of the cord so as it may not slip and to do well both the pricks and the cord would be first anointed with a little Hogs grease Then bring him into the stable and let him rest the space of nine days but let him lie down as little as may be and put on a pastern on the sore leg so as it may be bound with a cord unto the foot of the manger to keep that leg always whilest he standeth in the stable more forward then the other And at the nine days end take out the pricks and anoint the sore places with a little Dialthea or with Hogs grease and then turn him out to grass Of the swelling of the Fore-legs after great labor GReat labour and heat causeth humors to resort down into the legs making them swell The cure whereof according to Martin is thus Bathe them with buttered Beer or else with this bath here following Take of Mallows three handfuls a Rose cake Sage one handful boil them together in a sufficient quantity of water and when the Mallows be soft put in half a pound of Butter and half a pinte of Sallet Oyl and then being somewhat warm wash the swelling therewith every day once the space of three or four days And if the swelling will not go away with this then take Wine lees and Cumin and boil them together and put thereunto a little Wheat-flowre and charge all the swelling therewith and walk him often and if it will not serve then take up the great vein above the knee on
the toe of his hinder-foot which causeth him to halt The signes be apparent by the swelling of the place and by the Horses halting The cure according to Martin is thus Wash the place with warm water and shave all the hair so far as the swelling goeth and scarifie every part of the sore place lightly with the point of a Rasor that the bloud may issue forth Then takeof Cantharides and of Euforbium of each half an ounce mingle them together with half a quartern of Sope and with a slice spread some of this Ointment over all the sore suffering him to rest there as you dresse him for one half hour after and then you may carry him into the stable and there let him stand without litter and tyed as hath been said before in the Chapter of the Spleen and the next day dresse him with the same Ointment once again even as you did before And the third day anoint the place with fresh Butter continuing so to do the space of nine dayes and at the nine dayes end make him this bath Take of Mallowes three handfuls a Rose-cake of Sage a hardful boyl them together in a sufficient quantity of water And when the Mallowes be soft put in half a pound of Butter and half a pinte of Sallet Oyle and then being somewhat warm wash the sore place therewith every day once the space of three or four dayes Of a Nether taint THis is a little bladder full of jelly much like unto a Wind-gal not apparent to the eye but to the feeling growing in the midst of the pastern somewhat above the frush It cometh by a strain or else by some wrench or by any other over-reach and maketh the Horse to halt The signes be these The neather-joynt toward the fewter-lock will be hot in feeling and somewhat swollen The cure according to Martin is in this sort Tie him above the joynt with a list somewhat hard and that will cause the bladder to appear to the eye Then lance it with a sharp pointed knife and thrust out all the jelly That done lay unto it the white of an Egge and a little Salt beaten together and laid upon flax or tow and bind it fast unto the sore renewing it once a day the space of four or five dayes during which time let him rest and then you may boldly labour him Of an Attaint AN Attaint is a grief that cometh by an over-reach as clapping one leg upon another or by some other Horses treading upon his heels The cure is Take a sharp knife and cut out the over-reach that is if it be never so deep like a hole cut it plain and smooth how broad so ever you make it then wash it with Beer and Salt and lay to it Hogs grease Wax Turpentine and Rosen of each like quantity boyled and mingled together and this will in few dayes heal him be it never so sore Of an over-reach upon the heel THis is a cut so as the skin hangs down at the heel made with the toe of the hinder foot and is apparent to the eye and it will cause the Horse somewhat to halt The cure whereof according to Martin is thus Cut away the skin that hangeth down and bind a little flax dipt in the white of an Egge mingled with a little Bole-armony renewing it every day once the space of three or four days and that will heal it Of false quarters THis is a rift sometime in the outside but most commonly in the inside of the hoof because the inside is ever the weaker part which sides are commonly called quarters and thereof this sorance taketh his name and is called a false quarter that is to say a crased or unsound quarter which name indeed is borrowed of the Italians calling it in their tongue Falsâ— quarto It cometh by evill shooing and partly by evill paring The signes be these The Horse will for the most part halt and the rift will bleed and is apparent to the eye The cure according to Martin is thus If the Horse halt then pull off the shooe and cut so much away on that side of the shooe where the grief is as the shooe being immediately put on again the rift may be uncovered Then open the rift with a Rosenet or drawer and fill the rift with a roll of Toe dipt in Turpentine Wax and Sheeps sewet molten renewing it every day once until it be whole And the rift being closed in the top draw him betwixt the hair and the hoof with a hot Iron overthwart that place to the intent that the hoof may shoot all whole downward and when the Horse goeth upright ride him with no other shooe until his hoof be throughly hardned again Of halting behind and where the grief is IF a Horse halt behind the grief must either be in the hip in the stifle in the hough in the ham in the leg in the neather joynt pastern or foot If he halt in the hip of a new hurt the Horse will go sideling and not follow so well with that leg as with the other but if it be old hurt the sore hip will shrink and be lower then the other And is best seen when he goeth up a hill or upon the edge of some bank so as the worst leg may go on the higher side for then he will halt so much more because it is painful unto him to go so unevenly wrinching his leg If the grief be in the stifle then the Horse in his going will cast the stifle joynt outward and the bone on the inside will be far bigger then the other If the grief be in the hough then it is by means of some Spaven or some other hurt apparent to the eye And the like may be said of the ham wherein may be seen the Selander or such like apparent sorance causing the Horse to halt If the grief be either in the leg pastern or foot then you shall finde it by such signes as have been taught you before And therefore let us now speak of those sorances that are properly incident to the hinder legs Of thâ— String halt THe String-halt is a disease that maketh a Horse twitch up his leg suddenly and so halt much it cometh sometimes naturally and sometimes casually by means of some great cold whereby the sinews are strained the best cure thereof is to dig a pit in some dunghil as deep as the Horse is high and set the Horse in and cover him with warm dung and so let him stand the space of two hours then take him out and make him clean and then bathe him all over with Train-oyl made warm and it will help him Of a Horse that is hipped or hurt in the hips THe Horse is said to be hipt when the hip-bone is removed out of his right place which grief is called of the Italians Mal del ancha It cometh most commonly by some great stripe or strain slipping sliding
tacking on the shooes again stop the hoofs with Bran and Hogs grease boyled together and let both his feet having this geer in it be wrapped up in a cloth even to his pasterns and there tie the clout fast Let his diet be thin and let him drink no cold water and give him in Winter wet hay and in Summer grasse Of the dry Spaven THe dry Spaven called of the Italians Spavano or Sparavagno is a great hard knob as big as a Walnut growing in the inside of the hough hard under the joynt nigh unto the master vein and causeth the Horse to halt which sorance cometh by kinde because the Horses Parents perhaps had the like disease at the time of his generation and sometime by extreme labor and heat dissolving humors which do descend through the master vein continually feeding that place with evil nutriment and causeth that place to swell Which swelling in continuance of time becometh so hard as a bone and therefore is called of some the Bone Spaven It needeth no signes or tokens to know it because it is very much apparent to the eye and therefore most Farriers do take it to be incurable Notwithstanding Martin saith that it may be made lesse with these remedies here following Wash it with warm water and shave off the hair so far as the swelling extendeth and scarifie the place so as it may bleed then take of Cantharides one dozen of Euforbium half a spoonful break them into powder and boyl them together with a little Oyl-de-bay and with two or three feathers bound together put it boyling hot upon the sore and let his tail be tyed up for wiping away the medicine and then within half an hour after set him up in the stable and tie him so as he may not lie down all the night for fear of rubbing off the medicine and the next day anoint it with fresh butter continuing thus to do every day once the space of five or six days and when the hair is grown again draw the sore place with a hot Iron then take another hot sharp Iron like a Bodkin somewhat bowing at the point and thrust it in at the neather end of the middle line and so upward betwixt the skin and the flesh to the compasse of an inch and a half And then tent it with a little Turpentine and Hogs grease moulten together and made warm renewing it every day once the space of nine dayes But remember first immediately after his burning to take up the master vein suffering him to bleed a little from above and tie up the upper end of the vein and leave the neather end open to the intent that he may bleed from beneath until it cease it self and that shall diminish the Spaven or else nothing will do it Of the Spaven both bone and bloud DOubtless a Spaven is an evill sorance and causeth a Horse to halt principally in the beginning of his grief it appeareth on the hinder-legs within and against the joynt and it will be a little swoln and some Horses have a thorough Spaven which appeareth both within and without Of the Spaven there are two kindes the one hard and the other soft that is a Bone-Spaven and a Bloud-Spaven for the Bone-Spaven I hold it hard to cure and therefore the lesse necessary to be dealt withal except very great occasion urge and thus it may be holpen Cast the Horse and with a hot Iron slit the flesh that covereth the Spaven and then lay upon the Spaven Cantharides and Euforbium boyled together in Oyl-de-bay and anoint his legs round about either with the Oyl of Roses and with Vnguentum album camphiratum Dresse him thus for three dayes together then afterward take it away and for three dayes more lay unto it only upon flax and unsleck't Lime then afterward dresse it with Tar until it be whole The Cantharides and Euforbium will eat and kill the spungy bone the Lime will bring it clean away and the Tar will suck out the poison and heal all up sound but this cure is dangerous for if the incision be done by an unskilful man and he either by ignorance or by the swarving of his hand burn in twain the great vein that runs crosse the Spaven then the Horse is spoiled Now for the bloud Spaven that is easily helpt for I have known divers which have been but newly beginning helpt only by taking up the Spaven vein and letting it bleed well beneath and then stop the wound with Sage and Salt but if it be a great bloud Spaven then with a sharp knife cut it as you burnt the bone Spaven and take the Spaven away then heal it up with Hogs grease and Turpentine only Of the wet Spaven or through Spaven THis is a soft swelling growing on both sides of the hough and seems to go clean through the hough and therefore may be called a through Spaven But for the most part the swelling is on the inside because it is continually fed of the master vein and is greater then the swelling on the outside The Italians call this sorance Lâ—ierda or Gierdone which seemeth to come of a more fluxible humour and not so viscous or slimy as the other Spaven doth and therefore this waxeth not so hard nor groweth to the nature of a bone as the other doth and this is more curable then the other It needs no signes because it is apparent to the eye and easie to know by the description thereof before made The cure according to Martin is thus First wash shave and scarifie the place as before then take of Cantharides half an ounce of Euforbium an ounce broken to powder and Oyl-de-bay one ounce mingle them well together cold without boyling them and dresse the sore therewith two dayes together and every day after until the hair be grown again anoint it with fresh Butter Then fire him both without and within as before without tenting him and immediately take up the master vein as before and then for the space of nine dayes anoint him every day once with Butter until the fired place begin to scale and then wash it with this bath Take of Mallowes three handfuls of Sage one handful and as much of red Nettles boyl them in water until they be soft and put thereunto a little fresh Butter and bathe the place every day once for the space of three or four dayes and until the burning be whole let the Horse come in no wet Of the Selander THis is a kinde of Scab breeding in the ham which is the bent of the hough and is like in all points to the Malander proceeding of like causes and requireth like cure and therefore resort to the Malander Of the hough bony or hard knob THis is a round swelling bony like a Paris ball growing upon the tip or elbow of the hough and therefore I thought good to call it the hough-bony This sorance cometh of some stripe or bruise and
place as may be and let him bleed well then fire every knot one by one taking the knot in your left hand and pulling it so hard as you can from his body to the intent you may better pierce the knot with a blunt hot Iron of the bigness of a mans fore-finger without doing the body any hurt and let out the matter leaving none unburn'd be it little or much That done anoint every knot so burned with Hogs-grease warmed every day once until the coars be ready to fall away and in the mean time prepare a good quantity of old Urine and when you see the coars ready to fall boil the Urine and put therein a little Copperas and Salt and a few strong Nettles and with that water being warm wash out all the coars and the corruption That done fill every hole immediately with the powder of fleck't lime continuing thus to do every day once until the holes be closed up and if any be more ranker then other fill those with Verdigrease and during this cure let the Horse be thinly dieted that is to say with straw and water only unless it be now and then to give him a loaf of bread for the lower he be kept the sooenr he will be whole And in any wise let his neck be yoked in an old bottomless pail or else with short staves to keep him from licking the sores and the less rest he hath the better Or do thus Take a good great Dock-root clean scraped and cut thereof five little rundles or cakes to be used as followeth First with a knife make a slit right down in the Horses fore-head three inches long then with a Cornet loosen the skin within the flesh so as you may easily put therein five rundles of Dock that is to say two on each side of the slit one above another and put the fift rundle in the very midst betwixt the other four that done fasten to each of the slits two short Shoomakers ends to serve as laces to tie in the foresaid rundles so as they may not fall out and clense the sore every day once for the vertue of the root is such as it will draw all the filthy matter from any part of the body yea though the Farcin be in the hinder-legs which matter is to be wiped away from time to time and new roots be thrust into the slit according as you see it needful Of the Farcion THe Farcion is a vilde disease ingendered of ill bloud flegmatick matter and unkindely feeding it appeareth in a Horse like unto little knots in the flesh as big as a Hasel-nut the knots will encrease daily and inflame Impostume and break and when the knots amount to threescore they will every night after breed so many more till they have over-run the Horses body and with the poyson which is mighty and also strong soon bring him to his death This disease is very infectious and dangerous for some Horses yet if it be taken in any time it is easie to be holpen The cure thereof is in this manner Take a sharp Bodkin and thrust it through the neather part of his nose that he may bleed or if you will to let him bloud in the neck-vein shall not be amiss then feel the knots and as many as are soft lance them and let them run then take strong Lye Lime and Allum and with the same bathe all his sores and it shall in short space cure him There is also another manner of curing this disease and that is thus Take a sharp lance-knife and in the top of the Horses fore-head just between his eyes make a long slit even to the skull then with a blunt instrument for the purpose lose the flesh from the scalp a pretty compass then take Carret-roots cut into little thin round pieces and put them between the skin and the skull as many as you can then close up the wound and once a day anoint it with fresh Butter This is a most sure and approved way to cure the Farcion for look how this wound thus made shall rot waste and grow sound so shall the Farcion break dry up and be healed because all the poyson that feedeth the disease shall be altogether drawn into the fore-head where it shall die and waste away The only fault of this cure is it will be somewhat long and it is a foul eye-sore until it be whole Some use to burn this sorance but that is naught and dangerous as who so proves it shall finde A most approved medicine to cure the Farcion TAke of Aqua-vitae two spoonfuls of the juyce of Herb of grace as much mingle them together then take of Plegants or Bals of Flax or Tow and sleep them therein and stop them hard into the Horses ears then take a needle and a thread and stitch the tips of his two ears together by means whereof he cannot shake out the medicine and use him thus but three several morning and it will kill any Farcion whatsoever for it hath been often approved Another medicine of the same SLit every hard kernel with a sharp knife and fill the hole with an Ointment made of old Lard Sope and gray Salt for that will eat out the coar and cause it to rot and so fall out of the own accord Of the Canker called of the Italian Il Cancro A Canker is a filthy creeping Ulcer fretting and gnawing the flesh in great breadth In the beginning it is knotty much like a Farcine and spreadeth it self into divers places and being exulcerated gathereth together in length into a wound or fore This proceedeth of a melancholy and filthy bloud ingendered in the body which if it be mixt with Salt humors it causeth the more painful and grievous exulceration and sometime it cometh of some filthy wound that is not cleanly kept the corrupt matter whereof cankereth other clean parts of the body It is easie to be known by the description before The cure whereof according to Martin is thus First let him bloud in those veins that be next the fore and take enough of him Then take of Allum half a pound of green Copperas and of white Copperas of each one quartern and a good handful of Salt boil all these things together in fair running water from a pottle to a quart And this water being warm wash the sore with a cloth and then sprinkle thereon the powder of unsleck't lime continuing so to do every day once the space of fifteen days and if you 〈◊〉 that the lime do not mortifie the ranck flesh and keep it from spreading any further then take of black Sope half a pound of Quick-silver half an ounce and beat them together in a pot until the Quick-silver be so well mingled with the Sope as you can perceive none of the Quick-silver as it And with an Iron slice after that you have washed the sore with the Strong-water aforesaid cover the wound with this Ointment
of the party so grieved The dust of a Horse hoof anointed with Oyl and Water doth drive away impollumes and little bunches which rise in the flesh in what part of the body soever they beâ— and the dust of the hoof of an Asse anointed with Oyl Water and hot urine doth utterly expell all Wens and kernels which do rise in the neck arme-holes or any other part of the body of either man or woman The genital of a gelded Horse dryed in an Oven beaten to powder and given twice or thrice in a little hot broth to drink unto the party grieved is by Pliny accounted an excellent and approved remedy for the seconds of a woman The soam of a Horse or the dust of a Horse hoof dryed is very good to drive away shamefastness being anointed with a certain titulation The scrapings of the Horses hoofs being put in wine and poured into the Horses nostris do greatly provoke his urine The ashes also of an Horses hoof being mingled with wine and water doth greatly ease and help the disease called the Colick or Stone as also by a perfume which may be made by the hoofs of Horses being dryed a childe which is still born is cast out The milk of Mares is of such an excellent virtue that it doth quite expell the poison of the Sâ—ahare and all other poison whatsoever drink also mingled with Mares milk doth make the body loose and laxable It is also counted an excellent remedy against the falling sickness 〈◊〉 drink the stones of a Boar out of a Mares milk or water If there be any filth or m 〈…〉 ying in the matrice of a woman let her take Mares milk boiled and througly strained and presently the 〈◊〉 and excrements will void clean away If so he that a Woman be barren and cannot conceive leb her then take Mares milk not knowing what it is and let her presently accompany with a man and she will conceive The milk of a Mare being drunk doth asswage the labor of the matrice and doth cause a still childe to be cast forth If the seed of Henbane be beaten small and mingled with Mares milk and bound with a Harts skin so that it may not touch the ground and fastened or bound to a woman they will hinder her conception The thinnest or latest part of the milk of a Mare doth very easily gently and without any daâ—ger purge the belly Mares milk being dayly anointed with a little Hony doth without any pain or punishment take away the wounds of the eyes being new made Cheese made of Mares milk doth represse and take away all wringings or aches in the belly whatsoever If you â—â—dint a co 〈…〉 wâ—th the foam of a Horse wherewith 〈◊〉 young man or youth doth use to comb his head it is of 〈…〉 as it will cause the hair of his head heither to encrease or any whit to appear The 〈…〉 a Horse is also very much commended for them which have either pain or difficulty of hearing in their ears or else the dust of Horse dung being new made and dryed and mingled with Oyl of Roses The grief or soreness of a mans mouth or throat being washed or anointed with the foam of a Horse which hath been sed with Oates or Barly doth presently expell the pain of the foreness if so be that it be two or three times washed over with the juyce of young or green Sea-crabs beaten small together but if you cannot get the Sea-crabs which are green sprinkle upon the grief the small powder which doth come from dryed Crabs which are baked in an Oven made of Brasse and afterward wash the mouth where the pain is and you shall finde present remedy The foam of a Horse being three or four times taken in drink doth quite expell and drive away the Cough But Marcellus doth affirm that whosoever is troubled with the Cough or consumption of the lungs and doth drink the foam of a Horse by it self alone without any drink shall finde present help and remedy but as Sextus saith the Horse will presently die after it The same also being mingled with hot water and given to one who is troubled with the â—ame diseases being in manner past all cure doth presently procure health but the death of the Horse doth instantly ensue The sweat of a Horse being mingled with Wine and so drunk doth cause a woman which it very big and in great labor to cast a still childe The sweat of any Beast but as Albertus saith only of a Horse doth breed wind in a man or womans face being put thereupon and besides that doth bring the Squince or Squincy as also a filthy stinking sweat If Swords Knives or the points of Spears when they are red fire hot be anointed with the sweat of a Horse they will be so venemous and full of poyson that if a man or woman be smitten or pricked therewith they will never cease from bleeding as long as life doth last If a Horse be wounded with an Arrow and have the sweat of another Horse and bread which hath been brent being mingled in mans urine given him to drink and afterwards some of the same being mingled with Horse grease put into the wound it will in short time procure him ease and help There are some which will assure us that if a man be troubled with the belly worms or have a Serpent crept into his belly if he take but the sweat of a Horse being mingled with his urine and drink it it will presently cause the Worms or the Serpent to issue forth The dung of a Horse or Asse which is fed with grasse being dryed and afterward dipped in wine and so drunk is a very good remedy against the bitings and blowes of Scorpions The same medicines they do also use being mingled with the genital of a Hare in Vinegar both against the Scorpion and against the Shrew-mouse The force is so great in the poyson of a mad Dog or Bitch that his pargeted Urine doth much hurt especially unto them that have a â—ore boil upon them the chiefest remedy therefore against the same is the dung of a Horse mingled with Vinegar and being warmed put into the scab or sore The dung as well of Asses as of Horses either raw cold or burned is excellent good against the breaking forth or issues of the bloud The dung of Horses or Asses being new made or warm and so clapped and put to a green wound doth very easily and speedily stanch the bleeding If the vein of a Horse be cut and the bloud do issue out in too much aboundance apply the dung of the same Horse unto the place where the vein is cut and the bleeding will presently cease wherefore the Poet doth very well express it iâ— these Verses following Sive fimus manni cum testis uritur ovi Et reprimit fluâ—dos miro 〈…〉 The same
doth also very well drive away the corruption in mens body which doth cause the bloud to stinke if it be well and justly applyed unto the corrupt place The same also being mingled with Oyl of Roses and new made and so applyed unto the ears doth not only drive away the pain but also doth very much help for hearing There is another remedy also for the hearing which is this to take the dung of a Horse which is new made and to make it hot in a furnace and then to 〈◊〉 it on the middle of the head against the Vvâ—â—a and afterward to 〈◊〉 the aforesaid dung 〈…〉 woollen cloth unto the top of the head in the night time The dung of a young Asse when he is first foaled given in Wine to the quantity or magnitude of a Bean is a present remedy for either man or woman who is troubled with the Jaundice or the over-flowing of the gall and the same property hath the dung of a young Horse or Cost when he is new foaled But the dung of an old Horse being boiled in fair w 〈…〉 and afterward strained and so given to the party to drink who is troubled with Water in his belly or stomach doth presently make vent for the â—ame There is also an excellent remedy against the Colick and Stone which is this to â—ake a handfull of the dung of a Horse which hath been fed with 〈◊〉 and Barly and not with grasse and mingle very well it with half a pinte of Wine all which I do 〈◊〉 will amount unto the weight of eight 〈…〉 ounces and then boyl them all together untill half of them be boyled or consumed away and then drink the same by little and little until it be all drunk up but it will be much better for the party that is troubled to drink it up all together if he be able There is moreover a very good and easie way by Horse dung to cure the Ague or 〈…〉 which is thus to burn the foresaid dung and to mingle the very 〈◊〉 it self thereof in old wine and then beat it unto small powder and so give it 〈◊〉 the party who is 〈…〉 bled therewith to drink or suck without any water in it and this will very speedily procure ease and help â—f that a woman supposeth her childe which is in her womb to be dead let her drink the milt or spleen of a Horse in some sweet water not to the smell but to the taste and she will presently cast the childe The same virtue are in the persume which is made of a Horses hoof as also in the dry dung of a Horse There is some which do use this means against the falling sickness or the sickness called Saint Johns evill that is to mingle the water or urine which a Horse doth make with the water which cometh from the Smiths trough and so to give it the party in a potion There is a very good help for Cattel which do avoid bloud through their Nostrils or secret parts which is this to make a paste of Wheat flowre and beat it and mingle it together with â—utter and Egges in the urine of a Horse which hath lately drunk and afterward to give that paste or 〈…〉 tess baked even to ashes to the beast so grieved To provoke urine when a mans yard is stopt there is nothing so excellent as the dung or filth which proceedeth from the urine which a Horse hath made being mingled with wine and then strained and afterwards poured into the Nostrils of the party so vexed There are certain Tetters or Ring-wormes in the knees of Horses and a little above the hoofs in the bending of these parts there are indurate and hardned thick skins which being beaten into small powder and mingled with Vinegar and so drunk are an exceeding good preservative against the Falling-sickness the samé is also a very good remedy for them which are bitten with any wilde Beast whatsoever By the Tetter or Ring-worm which groweth in a Horses knees or above the hoofs beaten and mingled with Oyle and so poured in the ears the teeth of either man or woman which were weak and loose will be made very strong and fast The aforesaid Tetter without any mingling with Oyl doth also heal and cure the head-ache and Falling-sickness in either man or woman The same also being drunk out of Clarret Wine or Muscadel for forty dayes together doth quite expell and drive away the Colick and Stone If that any man do get and put up the shooe of a Horse being struck from his hoof as he travelleth in his pace which doth many times happen it will be an excellent remedy for him against the sobbing in the stomach called the Hicket Of the HYAENA and the divers kinds thereof WE are now to discourse of a Beast whereof it is doubtful whether the names or the kinds thereof be more in number and therefore to begin with the names it seemeth to me in general that it is the same Beast which is spoken of in Holy Scripture and called Zeeb-ereb and Araboth Zephan 3. Principes urbis Hierosolymae velut Leones Iâ—gientes judices ejus similes sunt lupis Vesper 〈…〉 is qui ossa non relinquunt ad diluculum Their Princes are roaring Lions and their Judges are like to night-wolves which leave not the bones till the morning as it is vulgarly translated In like sort Jer. 5. calleth them Zeeb-Araboath Wolves of the wilderness and the Prophet Habakkuk Cap. 1. useth the word Zeeb-ereb Wolves of the evening By which it is made easie to consider and discusse what kinde of Beasts this Hyaena may be deemed for the Hyaena as I shall shew afterward is a Greek word And first of all I utterly seclude all their opinions which translate this word Arabian Wolves for the Hebrew notes cannot admit such a version or exposition But seeing we read in Oppianus and Tzetzes that there are kinds of Wolves which are called Harpages more hungry then the residue living in Mountains very swift of foot and in the Winter time coming to the gates of Cities and devouring both flesh and bones of every living creature they can lay hold on especially Dogs and men and in the morning go away again from their prey I take them to be the same Beasts which the Grecians call Hyaenae which is also the name of a Fish much like in nature hereunto It is also called Glanos and by the Phrygians and Bythinians Ganos and from one of these came the Illyrian or Sclavonian word San and it seemeth that the Grecians have given it a name from Swine because of the gristles growing on the back for an Hyaena can have no better derivation then from Hus or Hyn. Julius Capitolinus calleth it Belbus in Latin in the same place where he recordeth that there were decem Belbi sub Gordiano ten Hyaenaes in the days of
We have seen the hangings of Chambers made of mole skins so that no conscience of religion cannot avert the monstrous love of delights from the affectation of men For all the ancient Wise men and Magicians did hold that this beast was capeable of Religion Nullis aeque credunt extis nullum Religionis capacius judicant animal ut si quis cor ej 〈…〉 r 〈…〉 s pa 〈◊〉 deporaris divinationis rarum efficiendarum eventus promittat they give not so much credit to any intrails as to theirs for they judge that no beast is so capable of Religion because if a man eat the heart of a Mole newly taken out of her belly and panting he shall be able to divine and foretel infallible events Another saith Veteribus monumentis traditur Gullinaceorum fibras maximè dâ—is gratas videri sicut Talparum viscera Magi verissima dicunt illisque hand seous quam solenni victima litari haec enim sunt exta argutissima in quibus divina mens inesse creditut that is the fibres of Cocks were wont among ancient Monuments to be accounted most acceptable to the Gods even as the bowels of Moles as the wise men say and to offer these as a most solemn sacrifice grateful to the Gods and that in those intrails it was believed that the minde and pleasure of God was seated and engraven and a little after he saith that the bowels of Moles and frogs do foretel many great and fortunate events But I will leave this paganism and let it never enter into the heart of a reasonable man that such beasts can love Religion or that God hath planted in their bowels and corrupt parts such letters of his wisdom and fore-knowledge which he hath not granted to the immortal and incorruptible soul of man Only this I finde by experience that before any rain and change of weather these silly beasts heave up the earth more abundantly then at other times and that in Thessaly as Varro saith a whole Town was once undermined by Moles They were wont to sacrifice this beast to Neptune because of the affinity betwixt their names for in Greek Asphaloos signifieth Neptune and Asphalax a Mole Alunnus also writeth that they were sacred and dedicated to Hell because they kept continually within the bosom and bowels of the earth and to conclude because that Moles would not live in Coronea a part of Boeotia before spoken of and thereof came the common proverb Asphalaca eis Coronean a Mole is brought to Coronea to signifie the hatred of a gift or ghest to him that is forced to receive him Thus much for his natural and moral story now followeth his medicinal The Medicines of the Mole There is nothing which is more profitable or medicinable for the curing of the bites of a Shrew then a Mole being flead and clapped thereunto The same doth also very effectually cure and heal the blows or bitings of a Scorpion Pills being made with that which proceedeth from Moles with Hony eaten nine days together doth preserve the body of any one from swellings or bunches in the flesh who shall so eat them For the avoiding or driving away the hairs which grow in any part of mans body that they may never return or be renewed again Take a Mole and lay her in water to besteeped or soaked so long as she shall not have any hairs left upon her with this water anoint the place which is full of hairs and afterwards wash it with lie made of ashes and then rub it with a linnen cloth then if you shall see the hairs to return again wash it twice or thrice in the afore-said manner and they will be quite expelled away and by no means can be made either to renew or come again For the renewing and bringing again of those hairs which are fallen or decayed take a Mole and burn her whole in the skin and mingle the dust or powder which cometh from the same with Hony unto the thickness or fashion of an Ointment and this being rubbed or anointed upon the bare or bald place will without doubt in some short time or space procure the hair to grow thick For the renewing of hairs which fall from Horses Take a Mole and boil her in Oyl until all the flesh be consumed and quite dissolved into a liquid juyce with this Oyl anoint the place which is bare or destitute of hairs twice every day for some short space and it will make the hairs to grow in great abundance For the changing of the hairs of Horses from black to white take a Mole and boil her in Salt water or lye made of ashes three days together and when the water or lie shall be quite consumed put new water or lie thereunto this being done wash or bathe the place with the water or he some-what hot presently the black hairs will fall and slide away and in some short time there will come white Whosoever shall take a Mole and hold her in his right hand until she die shall have such an excellent vertue therein that she shall ease the pain of a womans breasts only by touching them The dust of a Mole being burnt mingled with the white of an Egge and anointed upon a Sheep is an excellent and medicinable remedy against the Leprie which cometh oftentimes upon them The dust of a Mole mixed with Oyl or Hony and anointed upon the skin of either man or woman which is full of Lepry will very speedily and effectually cure and heal the fame The same being used in the aforesaid manner is very good for the curing of those which are troubled with the disease called the Kings E 〈…〉 as also for those which have hardbunches of kernels arising in their arm-holes and in other parts of their body The whole body of a mole being taken and burned in the skin into dry dust or powder is an excellent remedy against the disease called the Fistula as also for the purging of the corruption in them and healing of them being once taken by any man The same being also mixed with Hony and rub'd upon the teeth of any one who hath pam in them doth not only ease the pain and grief thereof but also doth strengthen and make them fast The bloud of a Mole being killed spread or anointed upon the head of any one which is bald will very speedily renew and bring the hairs again The head of a mole being cut off and beaten together with the earth which is stirred up by Moles and wrought into a paste and rowled together liked little loaf is very much used for the healing of all swellings and for those things which they call Impostumes as also for all swellings or kernels which arise in the neck so that in the time of the curing of these things the party which is pained and grieved be not suffered to eat any Swines flesh The tooth of a living Mole
is troubled with the abundance and loose hanging down or over-growning of his hair it will very speedily and without any difficulty ease him of the same The dust of a Mouse pounded and beaten to powder and mingled with a certain Oyl is very good and wholesome for those which are grieved with a Tetter or scab which may over-run their whole body The brains or tail of a Mouse being dryed and beaten to powder is very medicinable for those which are troubled with the casting and shedding of their hair as also for the disease called the Foxes evill but this operation will work more effectually if the shedding of the hair doth happen by any venom or poyson The same in operation hath the whole body of the Mouse being used in the aforesaid manner There is also another excellent remedy to cure and heal the aforesaid disease which is this To take Mice which inhabit in houses and to burn or dry them in a pot and then beat them and being so used to mix them with Oyl of Lawrel and to rub the hairs which are like to fall or shed with Garlick and to put them all together into a Frontlet or fore-head cloth and daily to keep the same medicine or plaister unto them until the hair do grow fast and they be rid of that disease There is also another remedy for the same disease which is this To burn a Mouse and beat him into powder and then to mingle the same with Hony and the grease of a Bear and so to anoint the head and this is accounted for a very speedy and effectual cure The dust or powder of Mice being mixed with Hony and Oyl of Roses and so baked or boiled together and afterward distilled into a clear water and so poured into the ears of any one which is deaf or troubled with any pain in his ears and it will quickly bring him help and remedy The dust of a dryed Mouse being also mingled with Hony and rubbed upon the teeth of any one which is troubled with a stinking breath will presently take away the savour thereof If the urine of a man or woman be too fluent and abundant let them take the dust or powder of a dryed Mouse being beaten and stamped and mix it with Wine or with Goats milk and so drink it up and he shall speedily have remedy The grievous and violent inflammation or turning of the eye-lids is cured after this manner First they take the flesh of the Mice assoon as ever it is beaten small and mingle it with the yolk of an Egge and mollifie it into a salve or plaister like unto wax and then put it into a linnen cloth and so wrap it upon the eye-lids in the time of sleep and it will easily bring help and remedy There is an excellent remedy for the over-spreading of the eyes or to cure the disease in them called the Pin and the Web or to help them which are altogether blinde which is this To take the bloud of a Mouse the gall of a Cock and some part or quantity of womans milk and to take of each of them alike and then to mingle or mix them together and being well wrought or kneaded until it come to an ointment to rub or spread it upon the eyes and this will in very short space help them unto their sight for it hath been tryed and hath helped many The skin of a Mouse being burned or dryed and beaten into powder and so mingled with Vinegar and then anointed upon the head of any one who is pained or troubled with the Head-ach it will presently ease and help him The head of a Mouse being also born or carryed in a linnen cloth doth cure the same disease The heads of Mice being burned and beaten into small powder and then mixed or mingled with Hony and so anointed upon the legs or feet of them which are troubled with the Gowt are excellent good and wholesome for the curing of that grievous disease The same vertue hath the tails or bodies of Mice being used in the aforesaid manner in them Some do think that the aforesaid disease is more speedily and effectually cured after this manner First to take a Beetle or Horse-fly and stamp it all to pieces and then to mingle it with soft and liquid Pitch the skin being prepared or made ready with Nitre but there must be great care taken that it eat not too far in the flesh then to take the head of a Mouse and the gall and dung of a Mouse and mingle them together with Ling-wort and Pepper and so to anoint them and spread them upon the aforesaid eaten or lanced wounds and this is very much commended for a very good and medicinable cure for the aforesaid disease The heads of Mice dryed and beaten into powder or dust and then mixed with Hony and so anointed upon the eyes for the space of ten days together will clarifie the eyes and expel all pain or blemishes from them Of the heads of Mice being burned is made that excellent powder for the scowring and clensing of the teeth called Tooth-soap unto which if Spikenard be added or mingled it will take away any filthy sent or strong savour in the mouth The brains of a Mouse being taken and put or steeped in Wine and stamped and beaten small and anointed upon the brow or fore-head of any one who is troubled with a pain or ach in the head and the shall soon finde ease and remedy If any man shall but touch or kiss with his mouth the snowt or nostrils of a Mouse and be troubled with the disease called the Rhume which falleth down and stuffeth the nostrils he shall in very short space be eased of the same The Magiâ— or wise men do very much commend this medicine for the expelling of a quartain Ague or Fever which is thus To take the nose or snowt of a Mouse as also the very tops of the ears and bruise them together and afterward tie them in a linnen cloth which hath had Roses or Rose-leaves in the same and then binde them unto the arms or wrists of him which is so troubled and they will very effectually and speedily cure and heal him For the rottenness and deminishing of the teeth the best remedy is to take a living Mouse and to take out one of her teeth whether the greatest or the least it is no great matter and hang it by the teeth of the party grieved but first kill the Mouse from whom you had the tooth and he shall presently have ease and help of his pain The heart of a living Mouse being taken out and hanged upon the left arm of any woman is of such force and power as it will cause her never to conceive The laps or fillets of the liver of a Mouse being beaten small and mingled with four drams of sowre and unpleasant Wine
the dust of womens hair cureth fellons in fingers or any part of the bodies The sewet of Sheep or Goats being mingled with the juyce of Rhenish wine grape and shining horse flies doth without all scruple or doubt ease the pain of the milt if it be anointed thereupon The fat of Sheep doth very easily expell the roughness of the nails The sewet of Sheep or any other small beast being mixed with the herb called Melander and pounded with Alum afterward baked together and wrought into the manner of a Sear-cloth doth very much ease those which are burned by fire in any parts of their body being well applyed thereto The sewet of a Sheep being also applyed to those which have kibes in the heels or chilblanes in their feet will presently heal them The sewet of a Sheep mixed with womens hair which is burnt to powder doth very effectually cure those which have their joynts or articles loose being anointed thereupon The fat of Goats or Sheep moistned with warm water and boiled together being anointed upon the eyes doth speedily cure all pains spots or blemishes in the same whatsoever The fat of a Sheep boyled and drunk with sharp wine is an excellent remedy against the cough The same medicine is also effectually used for the expelling of horses coughes The sewet of a Sheep being boyled with sharp wine doth very speedily cure the obstruction of the small guts bloudy flux and any cough of what continuance soever The same being in like manner drunk while it is hot is accounted for an excellent remedy against the Colick passion The sewet of a Sheep or of a Male goat being mingled with the fime or dung of a Female-goat and Saffron doth very effectually cure those which are troubled with the Gowt or swelling of the joynts being anointed upon the place so grieved It is also reported that the outward sewet of Sheep between the flesh and the skin between the hinder legs is very wholesom for the curing of sundry pains and diseases Sheeps sewet or the fat of any other small beast being gathered from the reins mixed with salt and the dust of a pumice stone being applyed unto the yard of any man doth speedily cure all pains aches or swellings therein The fat of Sheep which is gathered from the caul or cell being mingled with the aforesaid medicines do heal all other pains in the privy members of man or woman whatsoever The same sewet doth stay the great excess of bleeding in the nose being anointed thereupon Sheeps sewet being mixed with Goose grease and certain other medicines being taken in drink doth help abortments in women The liver of a Sheep is accounted an excellent remedy against the shedding of the hair on the eye lids being rubbed thereupon The same being also baked or boyled is accounted very profitable for Sheeps eyes if it be well rubbed thereon The marrow of Sheep is very good to anoint all aches and swellings whatsoever The horns of Sheep or of Goats pounded to powder mingled with parched Barley which hath been well shaled and altogether mixed with Oyl being taken in a certain perâ—ume doth help Women of their seconds and restoreth to them their menstruall fluxes Sheeps hornes burned and beaten in wine untill they be tempered like a pill the right foot being anointed with the right horn and the left foot with the left will mitigate the sorrow of those which are very â—ore pained and troubled with the gowt Rheumatick or watry eyes being anointed with the brains of Sheep are very speedily and effectually cured The brains of the same beast is exceeding profitable for the breeding of young childrens teeth being anointed upon the gums The lungs or lights of small beasts but especially of a Ram do restore the true skin and colour of the flesh in those whose bodies are full of chops and scars The lungs or lights of the same beast concocted upon the uppermost skin of any man and applyed very hot thereunto do diminish the black or blew places therein which have been received by the occasion of any stripes or blows The lungs of Sheep being new taken out of their bellies and applied while they are hot unto beaten or bruised places doth quite abolish the signes thereof and in short space procure remedy The lungs of Sheep or small Cattle being roasted and taken by any man before he drinketh will resist all kind of drunkenness The lungs of Sheep taken out of their bellies and bound about the heads of those which are phrensie while they are hot will very speedily ease them of their trouble The lungs of Sheep being hot and bound to the head is accounted very profitable for those which are troubled with the pestiferous disease called the Drowsie evill The lungs of Sheep being boiled with Hemp-seed so that the flesh be eaten and the water wherein it is sod be drunk doth very effectually cure those which are grieved with excoriations in their bellies and the bloody flux The lungs of Sheep being applyed while they are hot doth heal the Gowt The liver of white Sheep well boiled made moist with water throughly beaten and applyed unto the eye-lids doth purge Rheumatick eyes and cause them to be of a more clear and ample sight If a woman bearing young shall be puffed up with winde give her the liver of a Sheep or Goat beaten into small powder while it is hot being pure and without mixture for four dayes together to eat and let her drink only wine and this will very speedily cure her The gall of a Sheep mingled with hony healeth the Ulcers of the ears and procureth easie hearing The gall of a Sheep mingled with sweet wine if it be tempered in the manner of a glyster and afterwards rubbed upon the ear-laps the ulcers being quite purged will procure a speedy cure and remedy The gall of the same beast distilled with a womans milk doth also most certainly heal their eares which are broken within and full of mattery corruption The gall of a Sheep being mixed with common oyl or oyl made of Almonds doth also heal the pains of the ears being powred therein to Cankers or the corrosion of the flesh being anointed with the gall of a Sheep is very speedily and manifestly cured The Dandraffe or scurfes of the head being anointed with the gall of a Sheep mixed with fullers-earth which is hardned together while the head burneth are very effectually abolished and driven quite away The gall of little cattle but especially of a Lamb being mixed with hony is verily commended or the curing of the Falling evill The milt of a Sheep new taken out by magicall precepts is accounted very good for the curing of the pain in the milt he saying which may be healed that he maketh a remedy for the milt After these things the Magicians command that the grieved party be included in his Dortor or Bed-chamber and that
the doors be sealed up and that a verse be spoken thrice nine times The milt of a Sheep being parched and beaten in wine and afterward taken in drink doth resist all the obstructions or stopping of the small guts The same being used in the like manner is very medicinable for the wringing of the guts The dust of the uppermost of a Sheeps thigh doth very commonly heal the looseness of the joints but more effectually if it be mixed with wax The same medicine is made by the dust of Sheeps jawes a Harts horn and wax mollified or asswaged by oil of Roses The upper parts of the thighs of Sheep decocted with Hemp-seed do refresh those which are troubled with the bloudy flux the water whereof being taken to drink For the curing of a Horse waxing hot with weariness and longitude of the way mingle Goats or Sheeps sewet with Coriander and old dill the Coriander being new gathered and diligently pounded in the juice of Barley and so give it throughly strained for three dayes together The huckle-bone of a Sheep being burned and beaten into small dust is very much used for the making of the teeth white and healing all other pains or aches therein The bladder of a Goat or Sheep being burned and given in a potion to drink made of Vinegar and mingled with water doth very much avail and help those which cannot hold their water in their sleep The skins which cometh from the Sheep at the time of their young doth very much help very many enormities in women as we have before rehearsed in the medicines arising from Goats The milk of Sheep being hot is of force against all poysons except in those which shall drink a venemous fly called a Wag-leg and Libbards bane Oatmeal also doth cure a long lingring disease a pinte of it being sodden in three cups of water until all the water be boyled away but afterwards you must put thereunto a pinte of Sheeps milk or Goats and also Hony every day together Some men do command to take one dram of Swallows dung in three cups full of Goats milk or Sheeps milk before the coming of the quartern Ague Goats milk or Sheeps milk being taken when it is newly milked from them and gargarized in the mouth is very effectual against the pains and swellings of the Almonds Take a pinte of Sheeps milk and a handful of sisted Aniseeds and let them seethe together and when it is somewhat cold let it be drunk and it is very good to loosen the belly Medicines being made of Goats milk and Sheeps milk and so being drunk is very good for the shortness of breath A hot burning gravel stone being decocted in Sheeps milk and so given to one that hath the Bloudy flix is very profitable to him Goats milk or Sheeps milk given alone luke-warm or sodden with Butter is very profitable to those that are brought very weak with the passions of the stone and fretting of the guts To wash ones face with Sheeps milk and Goats milk is very good to make it fair and smooth Evenings milk of Sheep that is the last milk that they give that day is very good to loosen the belly and to purge choler The hairs of the head of a Dog burned into ashes or the gut of the privy place sodden in Oyl is a very good and soveraign remedy for the looseness of the flesh about the nails and for swelling of flesh over them being anointed with Butter made of Sheeps milk and Hony An Oyl sodden in Hony and Butter made of Sheeps milk and Hony melted therein is very profitable to cure ulcers Old Cheese made of Sheeps milk is very good to strengthen those which have been troubled and made weak with the Bloudy flix Again old Cheese made of Sheeps milk taken in meat or scraped upon it and being drunk with Wine doth ease the passion of the Stone There was a certain Physitian being skilful in making medicines dwelling in Asia by Hellespont which did use the dung of a Sheep washed and made clean in Vinegar for to take away Warts and knots rising on the flesh like Warts and kernels and hard swellings in the flesh Also he did bring Ulcers to cicatrising with that medicine which were blasted or scalded round about but he did mingle it with an emplaister made of Wax Rosin and Pitch The dung of Sheep also doth cure pushes rising in the night and burnings or scaldings with fire being smeared over with Vinegar without the commixture of any other things The dung of Sheep being mixed with Hony doth take away small bumps rising in the flesh and also doth diminish proud flesh and also it doth cure a disease called an emmot as Rasis and Albertus say The dung that is new come from the Sheep being first worked in thy hands and applyed after the manner of an emplaister doth eat away any great warts growing in any part of thy body The dung of a Sheep being applyed to thy feet doth consume or waste away the hard flesh that groweth thereon Sheeps dung doth also cure all kinde of swellings that are ready to go into Carbuncles It is also good being sodden in Oyl and applyed after the manner of an emplaister for all new wounds made with a sword as Galen saith Aut si conclusum servavit tibia vulnus Stercus ovis placidae junges adipesque vetustos Pandere quae poterant hulcus patuloque mederi The dung of Sheep and Oxen being burned to powder and smeared with Vinegar is very good against the bitings and venemousness of Spiders And again it is very effectual being new come from them and sodden in Wine against the stingings of Serpents Sheeps dung being mixed with Hony and applyed to Horses whose hoofs are broken is very effectual The dung of Oxen and Sheep being burned to powder and intermixed therewith is very effectual against Cankers and also the bones of the Lambs thighes being burned into ashes is very profitable to be applyed to those ulcers which cannot be brought to cicatrise Also Sheeps dung being made hot in a Gally pot and kneaded with thy hands and afterwards applyed doth presently cease the swellings of wounds and doth purge and cure Fistuals and also diseases in the eyes The Oyl of Cypress and Hony is very effectual against Alopecia that is the falling off of the hair An emplaister made of Sheeps dung and the fat of a Goose and a Hen is very effectual against hair rising in the root of the ear as Rasis and Albertus say Sheeps dung being applyed hot is very effectual against the swellings of womens paps or dugs Sheeps dung being put into the decoction of Wood-bine or Hony and water and so drunk is very profitable against the Yellow-jaunders If the Spleen be outwardly anointed with Sheeps dung and Vinegar it doth lessen the rising of it The dung of Oxen and Sheep which is very moist
only taken away and seethe it whole with the skin and the wool in water then having opened it take out the brains and add unto them these kinds of spices Cinamon Ginger Mace and Cloves of each one half an ounce these being beaten to powder mingle them with the brains in an earthen platter diligently tempering of them by a burning cole not very big for fear of burning which might easily be done but there must great care be had that it be not too much dryed but that it might be so boyled that it be no more dryed then a Calfs brains being prepared for meat It shall be sufficiently boyled when you shall well mingle them at the fire then keep it hid and for three days give it dayly to the sick person fasting so that he may abstain from meat and drink two hours after It may be taken in bread or in an Egge or in whatsoever the sick party hath a desire unto but there must be regard that he be not in a clear place and that he use this forty days space which they are wont to use whose bloud is withdrawn or fled away and let him abstain from wine assaying his head There are those which are holpen in a short space some in six or eight weeks by this Medicine being received But it is convenient that it be required for three moneths and then it will have the more power therein The Lungs of a Ram while they are hot applyed unto wounds wherein the flesh doth too much increase doth both repress and make it equal The Lungs of small Cattle but especially of Rams being cut in small pieces and applyed whiles they are hot unto bruised places do very speedily cure them and reduce them to the right colour The same doth cure the feet of such as are pinched through the straightness of their shooes The Lungs of a Ram applyed unto Kibed heels or broken Ulcers in the feet doth quite expel away the pain notwithstanding the exceeding ach or pricking thereof One drop of the liquor which is boyled out of a Rams lungs put upon the small nails upon the hand doth quite expel them The like operation hath it to expel Warts being anointed thereupon The corrupt bloud of the Lungs of a Ram unroasted doth heal all pains in the privy members of man or woman as also expel Warts in any place of the body The juyce of the Lungs of a Ram while they are roasted upon a Gridiron being received doth by the unction thereof purge and drive away the little black Warts which are wont to grow in the hair or privy parts of any man The liquor which distilleth from the Lungs of a Ram being boyled doth heal Tertian Agues and the disease of the reins which grow therein The Lungs of a Lamb or Ram being burned and the dust thereof mingled with Oyl or being applyed raw do heal the soreness of Kibes and are accounted very profitable to be bound upon Ulcers The Lungs of a Ram being pulled forth and bound hot unto the head of any one that is frenzie will presently help him Against the pestilent disease of Sheep take the belly of a Ram and boyl it in wine then being mixed with water give it to the Sheep to drink and it will bring present remedy The gall of a Ram is very good for the healing of those which are troubled with any pains in the ears coming by the casualty of cold The gall of a Ram mingled with his own sewet doth ease those which are toubled with the Gowt The gall of a Weather mingled with the wool and placed upon the navel of young children doth make them loose in their bellies The stones of an old Ram being beaten in half a penny weight of water or in three quarters of a pint of Asses milk are reported to be very profitable for those which are troubled with the falling sickness The stones of a Ram being drunk in water to the weight of three half pence cureth the same disease The dust of the inward parts of a Ranis thigh being lapped in rags or clouts washed very exactly before with womens milk doth heal the ulcers or runnings of old sores The dust of the hoof of a Ram mingled with hony doth heal the bitings of a Shrew The dung of Weathers mingled with Vinegar and fashioned in the form of a Plaister doth expel black spots in the body and taketh away all hard bunches arising in the flesh The same being applyed in the like manner cureth St. Anthonies fire and healeth burned places The filth or sweat which groweth between the thighs of a Ram being mingled with Myrrh and the Herb called Hart-wort and drunk of each an equal part is accounted a very excellent remedy for those which are troubled with the Kings evil But Pliny commendeth the filth of Rams ears mingled with Myrrh to be a more effectual and speedy remedy against the laid disease The medicines of the Lomb. The best remedy for bitings of Serpents is this presently after the wound to apply some little creatures to the same being cut in small pieces and laid hot unto it as Cocks Goats Lambs and young Pigs for they expel the poison and much ease the pains thereof An ounce of Limbs bloud being fresh before that it doth congeal mixed with Vinegar and drunk for three dayes together is an excellent remedy against the vomiting or spitting of bloud The like force in it hath the bloud of a Kid. The bloud of a Lamb mingled with wine doth heal those which are troubled with the Falling sickness as also those which have the foul evil For the conception of a Woman take the yard and gall of a Buck a Kid and a Hare with the bloud and sewet of a Lamb and the marrow of a Hart and mix them all together with Nard and Oyl of Roses and after her purgation let them be laid under her and this without all doubt will make her apt to conceive The skins of Serpents being anointed with water in a bath and mingled with lime and Lambs sewet doth heal the disease called St. Anthonies fire The marrow of a Lamb melted by the fire with the Oyl of Nuts and white sugar distilled upon a clean dish or platter and so drunk doth dissolve the stone in the bladder and is very profitable for any that passeth bloud It also cureth all pains or griefes of the yard bladder or reins The skin of a Lamb being dawbed or anointed with liquid pitch and applyed hot unto the belly of any one that is troubled with excoriations of the bowels or of the Bloudy flux will very speedily cure him if he have any sense or seeling of cold in him If a Virgins menstrual fluxes come not forth at the due time and her belly is moved it is convenient to apply Lambs skins being hot unto her belly and they will in short space cause them to come forth A
burneth in lust for procreation but unto stranger-beasts with whom he hath no affinity in nature he is more sociable and familiar delighting in their company when they come willingly unto him never rising against them but proud of their dependence and retinue keepeth with them all quarters of league and truce but with his female when once his flesh is tickled with lust he groweth tame gregal and loving and so continueth till she is filled and great with young and then returneth to his former hostility He is an enemy to the Lions wherefore assoon as ever a Lion seeth a Unicorn he runneth to a tree for succour that so when the Unicorn maketh force at him he may not only avoid his horn but also destroy him for the Unicorn in the swiftness of his course runneth against the tree wherein his sharp horn sticketh fast then when the Lion seeth the Unicorn fastned by the horn without all danger he falleth upon him and killeth him These things are reported by the King of Aethiopia in an Hebrew Epistle unto the Bishop of Rome It is said that Unicorns above all other creatures do reverence Virgins and young Maids and that many times at the sight of them they grow tame and come and sleep beside them for there is in their nature a certain savour wherewithal the Unicorns are allured and delighted for which occasion the Indian and Aethiopian Hunters use this stratagem to take the beast They take a goodly strong and beautiful young man whom they dress in the apparel of a woman besetting him with divers odoriferous flowers and spieces The man so adorned they set in the Mountains or Woods where the Unicorn hunteth so as the winde may carry the savour to the beast and in the mean season the other Hunters hide themselves the Unicorn deceived with the outward shape of a woman and sweet smells cometh unto the young man without fear and so suffereth his head to be covered and wrapped within his large sleeves never stirring but lying still and asleep as in his most acceptable repose Then when the Hunters by the sign of the young man perceive him fast and secure they come upon him and by force cut off his horn and send him away alive but concerning this opinion we have no elder authority then Tzetzes who did not live above five hundred years ago and therefore I leave the Reader to the freedom of his own judgement to believe or refuse this relation neither was it fit that I should omit it seeing that all Writers since the time of Tzetzes do most constantly believe it It is said by Aelianus and Albertus that except they be taken before they be two years old they will never be tamed and that the Thracians do yearly take some of their Colts and bring them to their King which he keepeth for combat and to fight with one another for when they are old they differ nothing at all from the most barbarous bloudy and ravenous beasts Their flesh is not good for meat but is bitter and unnourishable And thus much shall suffice for the natural story of the Unicorn now followeth the medicinal The Medicines arising from the Vnicorn Concerning the horns of the Unicorn I have sufficiently already written as the Antients have delivered in their remedies but in this place I will handle the remedies which late Writers have attributed thereunto as also our own observations of the same I remember that in times past I saw a piece of this horn of the weight of nine Inches with a certain Merchant in the market being black and plain and not wreathed in circles or turnings but at that time I did not so much observe it Now amongst our Apothecaries I do not not only finde small or little fragments out of which there issued as they say some certain marrow which are rounder whiter and softer But both the same colour as also the substance being put too much and eaten if it be easily crummed and not stuft as other horns doth signifie the same not to be good or perfect but counterfeited and corrupted as perhaps the horn of some other beast burnt in the fire some certain sweet odors being thereunto added and also imbrued in some delicious or aromatical perfume peradventure also Bay by this means first burned and afterward quenched or put out with certain sweet smelling liquors There is great care to be had that it be taken new and while it smelleth sweet not either abolished by age nor the vertue thereof diminished by often or frequent cups For rich men do usually cast little pieces of this horn in their drinking cups either for the preventing or curing of some certain disease There are also some which inclose it in gold or silver and so cast it in their drink as though the force thereof could remain many years notwithstanding the continual soaking in Wine But that which is so used and drunk in Wine doth bring upon it a certain dark or obscure colour the whiteness which before remained upon the same being quite lost expelled and utterly abolished Most men for the remedies arising from the same command to use the horn simply by it self Others prefer the marrow therein It being cast in Wine doth boil which some men either through ignorance or deceit impute to be a sign of the true horn when as contrarily any other horns being burnt do in water or wine cause bubbles to arise There are some wicked persons which do make a mingle mangle thereof as I saw amongst the Venetians being as I hear say compounded with lime and sope or peradventure with earth or some stone which things are wont to make bubbles arise and afterward sell it for the Unicorns horn Wherefore it shall be more safe to buy it out of the whole horn if it may be done or of greater crums and which may well describe the figure of a horn then small fragments where you may receive less deceit A certain Apothecary which was at Noremberg in a stately mart Town amongst the Germans declared the way unto me how to deface the colour of an adulterated Unicorns horn being made by some with Ivory either macerated or boiled with certain medicines by Set-foil as I suppose and other things by which means having scraped it I found within the true substance to be Ivory Antonius Brasavolus writeth that all men for the most part do sell a certain stone for Unicorns horn which truly I deny not to be done who have no certainty therein my self notwithstanding also it may to come pass that a very hard and solid horn about the point of asword especially which part is preferred to inferior as also in Harts horns to which either stones or iron may yeild such as Authors attribute to the Rhinocerot And other Unicorns may bear the shape of a stone before it self For if Orpheus concerning Harts horns rightly doubted whether the same or stones were of greatest strength I think it
navel of any man doth loosen the belly The gall of a Wolf taken in wine doth heal all pains in the fundament The entrails of a Wolf being washed in the best white wine blown upon dryed in an Oven pounded into dust afterwards rowled in Wormwood is a good and effectual remedy against the Colick and Stone If some part of the yard of a Wolf being baked in an oven be eaten by any either man or woman it instantly stirreth them up to lust Concerning the genital of a Wolf I have spoken before in the medicines of the Fox but antiquity as Pliny saith doth teach that the genital of beasts which are bony as Wolves Foxes Ferrets and Weasels are brought to an especial remedy for many diseases If any man take the right stone of a Wolf being bloudy steep it in Oyl and give it unto any woman to apply it unto their secret parts being wrapped in wooll it instantly causeth her to forsake all carnal copulation yea although she be a common strumpet The same being taken in some certain perfume doth help those which are troubled with the foul evil The eyes being anointed with the excrements of a VVolf are instantly freed from all covers or spreading skin therein The powder of the same VVolf being mingled with the sweetest Hony as can possible be had and in like manner rubbed or spread upon the eyes doth expel all dazeling from them The fime of a VVolf long rubbed until it be very light being mingled with Honey by the unction thereof causeth the filth or scurfe growing about the eyes to avoid away and restoreth them to an exceeding clearness The powder of a VVolves head being rubbed upon the teeth doth make fast and confirm the looseness thereof it is most certain that in the excrements of the same beasts there are certain bones found which being bound unto the teeth have the same force and efficacy The dung of a VVolf or Dog being beaten into small powder mingled with Honey and anointed upon the throat doth cure the Quinsie or Squinansie as also all other sores in the throat whatsoever The fime of a VVolf being given to those which are troubled with the Colick to drink doth easily cure them but this dung is more effectual if it have never touched ground which is very hard to come by but it is found by this means The nature of the VVolf both in making his water as also in voiding his excrements is like unto a Dogs for while he voideth his water he holdeth up his hinder-leg and voideth his excrements in some high or steepy place far from the earth by which means it falleth down upon bushes thorns fruits elder-trees or some other herbs growing in those places by which means it is found never touching the earth There is furthermore found in the fime of VVolves certain bones of beasts which they have devoured which for as much as they could not be grinded or chawed so also can they not be concocted which being beaten and bruised small are by some commended to be excellent given in drink for the ease of the Cosick but if the grieved party shall be some fine or delicate person which cannot endure so gross a medicine then mingle it with Salt Pepper or some such like thing but it is most often given in sweet wine so there be but a small quantity thereof drunk at one time But this dung which the Graecians call Lagonas and is to be applyed to the groin of the diseased person ought to be hanged in a band made of wooll but not of any wooll But it would be more effectual if it were made of the wooll of that Sheep which was slain by a VVolf But if the same cannot be got then is it fit that there be two bands one which may be bound about the groin and another which may be bound upon the dung to keep it from falling There are also some which cast a small quantity of the same dung to the bigness of a Bean in a little pot fastening the same to any one which is troubled with the said disease and it healeth them which in a manner seemeth incredible in very short time The dung of a Wolf boyled in small white wine and afterwards taken in drink is very profitable for those which are troubled with the colick and it is also reported that if the same dung be covered with the skin of the same beast and hung upon the thigh of any one which hath the colick being bound with a thread made of the wooll of a Sheep slain by a Wolf it will instantly cure the said disease The fime of a Wolf so that it be not found upon the earth but upon some trees Brambles or Bultushes being kept and when there shall be need bound unto the arm of him that shall be troubled with the Colick or to his neck being included in a bone or in Copper and hung with the thread wherewith silk-women weave doth wonderfully and most speedily cure him so there be great care had that in the mean time there be a little of the same dung given to the grieved party to drink not knowing what it is The dung of a Wolf being taken and the bones therein beaten into powder mingle therewith cold water giving it to any one to drink which is troubled with the Stone and it will instantly cure him The dung of a Wolf beaten into the smallest powder then strained and given unto any in his fit which is troubled therewith to the quantity of half a spoonfull in hot water is a very effectuall and approved cure for the Stone The bones which are found in Wolves being bound unto the arm of any one which is troubled with the Colick having never touched the ground do with great speed and celerity cure him The pastern bone of a Hare found in the dung of a Wolf being bound unto any part of the body of him which is troubled with the colick doth very effectually cure him The dung of a Wolf with the hairs of a white Asse taken by any woman in a certain perfume maketh her apt for conception The teeth of a Wolf are unequall wherefore their bitings are very dangerous A ravening Wolf by his biting bringeth the same danger as a ravenous Dog they also are cured by the same medicins as we have declared at large in the story of the Dog The wounds which come by the teeth or nails of a Wolf are very dangerous for the filth which pieroeth through all clouts or spunges which are laid upon them But they are cured by no other means then the bitings of Dogs Aristotle writeth these things concerning the biting of a Lion and not of a Wolf Johannes Vitus the Hungarian declared that there were certain men in Hungary bitten by a mad Wolf and that they were as it seemed presently cured But before forty dayes expired they all died by a most bitter or painfull disease small
them untill the Vinegar be consumed then strain them putting to them of Turpentine three ounces Frankincense Mastick and Sarcocolla three ounces Saffron two ounces working them with a Spathuler till they be cold The powder of a burnt Serpent is likewise good against Fistulaes The fat of a Snake or Serpent mixt with Oyl is good against Strumes as Pliny saith The fat of Snakes mixt with Verdegrease healeth the parts about the eyes that have any rupture To which agreeth the Poet when he saith Anguibus â—reptos adipes aerugine misce Hi poterant ruptas oculorum jungere partes Which may be thus Englished The sat of Snakes mingled with Iron rust The parts of eyes doth mend which erst were burst It is certain that barrenness cometh by means of that grievous torment and pain in childe-birth and yet Olympias of Thebes is of opinion that this is remedied with a Bulls gall the fat of Serpents and Verdigrease with some Hony added to them the place being therewith anointed before the coming together of both parts When a Woman is not able to conceive by means of weakness in the retentive vertue then there is no doubt but there must needs grow some membrane in the bellies entrance for which it is not amiss to make a Pessary of the fat of a Serpent Verdigrease and the fat of a Bull mixt together c. and to be applyed Hippocrates in lib. de Sterilibus Gesner had a friend who signified to him by his Letters that the fat of a Serpent was sent to him from those sulphureous bathes which were neer unto Cameriacum and was sold at a very dear rate namely twelve pounds for every ounce and sometimes deerer They use to mix it with the emplaister of John de Vigo that famous Chirurgeon for all hardnesses and other privy and unseen though not unfelt torments proceeding of the Spanish pox They use it yet further against leprous swellings and pimples and to smooth and thin the skin Matthiolus saith that the fat of a black Serpent is mixt to good purpose with those Ointments that are prepared against the French or Spanish pox And Pliny mixeth their fat with other convenient medicines to cause hair to grow again The suffmigation of an old Serpent helpeth the monthly course Michael Aloisius saith that Oyl of Serpents decocted with the flowers of Cowslips ever remembring to gather and take that which swimmeth at the top is singular to anoint podagrical persons therewith Now followeth the preparing of Serpents Take a Mountain Serpent that ha 〈…〉 black back and a white belly and cut off his tail even hard to the place where he sendeth forth his excrements and take away his head with the breadth of four fingers then take the residue and squeese out the bloud into some vessel keeping it in a glass carefully then fley him as you do an Eele beginning from the upper and grosser part and hang the skin upon a stick and dry it then divide it in the middle and reserve all diligently You must wash the flesh and put it in a pot boyling it in two parts of Wine and being well and throughly boyled you must season the broth with good Spices and Aromatical and Cordial powders and so eat it But if you have a minde to rost it it must be so rosted as it may not be burnt and yet that it may be brought into powder and the powder thereof must be eaten together with other meat because of the loathing and dreadful name and conceit of a Serpent for being thus burned it preserveth a Man from all fear of any future Lepry and expelleth that which is present It keepeth youth causing a good colour above all other Medicines in the world it cleareth the eye-sight gardeth surely from gray hairs and keepeth from the Falling-sickness It purgeth the head from all infirmity and being eaten as before is said it expelleth scabbiness and the like infirmities with a great number of other diseases But yet such a kinde of Serpent as before we have described and not any other being also eaten freeth one from deafness You may also finely mince the heads and tails of Serpents and feed therewith Chickens or Geese being mingled with crums of Bread or Oates and these Geese or Chickins being eaten they help all to take away the Leprosie and other foulness in Mans body If you take the dryed skin and lay it upon the tooth on the inner side it will mitigate the pain thereof specially if it proceed from any hot cause In like sort the same skin washed with spittle and with a little piece of the tail laid upon any Impostume or Noli me tangere it will tame and master the pain causing it to putrefie more easily and gently and scarcely leaving behind any cicatrice or skar And if a Woman being in extremity of pain in Childe-birth do but tie or binde a piece of it on her belly it will cause the birth immediately to come away So the skin being boyled and eaten performeth the same effects that the Serpent doth The bloud of a Serpent is more precious then Balsamum and if you anoint your lips with a little of it they will look passing red and if the face be anointed therewith it will receive no spot or fleck but causeth to have an orient or beautifull hew It represseth all scabbiness of the body stinking in the teeth and gums if they be therewith anointed The far of a Serpent speedily helpeth all redness spots and other infirmities of the eyes and being anointed upon the eye-lids it cleereth the eyes exceedingly Item put them into a glassed Pot and fill the same with Butter in the Moneth of May then lute it with well with Paste that is Meal well kneaded so that nothing may evaporate then set the Pot on the fire and let it boil welnigh half a day after this is done strain the butter through a cloth and the remainder beat in a mortar and strain it again and mix them together then put them into water to cool and so reserve it in silver or golden boxes that which is not evaporated for the older the better it is and so much the better it will be if you can keep it forty years Let the sick Patient who is tooubled either with the Gowt or the Palsie but anoint himself often against the fire with this unguent and without doubt he shall he freed especially if it be the Gout All these prescriptions were taken from the writings of a certain nameless Author Hippocrates saith that a Hart or Stag having eaten any Serpents the worms in their guts are thereby expelled And Absyrtus hath the same words that Harts by eating of a Serpent do kill and expell worms from their guts Hierocles to a certain medicine which he prepared for the Strangulion in a Horse mingled the dung of a Lyzard and Stear herpetuou that is as I interpret it the fat of a Serpent the bloud of a Dove c. Laurence
draweth out the poyson of Wasps The leaves of Marsh-mallows as Aetius saith being bruised and applyed do perform the same The juyce of Rue or Balm about the quantity of two or three ounces drunk with Wine and the leaves being chewed and laid on with Honey and Salt or with Vinegar and Pitch do help much Water-cresses Rosemary with Barley meal and water with Vinegar sod together the juyce of by leaves Marigolds the bloud of an Owl all these are very effectual against the stingings of Wasps as Pliny lib. 31. cap. 9. telleth us the buds of the wilde Palm-tree Endive with the root and wilde Thyme being applyed plaister-wise do help the stinging of Wasps After the venom is drawn out by sucking the place affected must be put into hot water the space of an hour and then suddenly they must be thrust into Vinegar and Brine and forthwith the pain will be asswaged the tumor cease and the malice of the venomous humor clean extinguished Rhazes saith that the leaves of Night-shade or of Sengreen do very much good in this case And in like sort Bole Armony with Vinegar and Camphire and Nuts beaten with a little Vinegar and Castoreum Also take the Combe with Honey applying to the place and hold the grieved place neer the fire immediately and laying under them a few ashes binde them hard and forthwith the pain will be swaged Serapio saith that Savory or Cresses applyed and the seed thereof taken in drink and the juyce of the lesser Centory mixt with Wine are very meet to be used in these griefs he also commendeth for the same purpose the leaves of Basil the herb called Mercury and Mandrakes with Vinegar Ardoynus is of opinion that if you take a little round ball of Snow and put it into the fundament the pain will cease especially that which proceedeth by Wasps Let the place be anointed with Vinegar and Camphire or often fomented and bathed with Snow-water Take of Opium of the seed of Henbane and Camphire of each alike much and incorporate them with Rose-water or the juyce of Willows and lay it upon the wounded place applying on the top a linnen cloth first throughly wetted in wine Johannes Mesue who of some is called Evangelista medicorum prescribed this receipt of the juyce of Sisimbrium two drams and a half and with the juyce of Tartcitrons make a potion The juyce also of Spina Arabica and of Marjoram are nothing inferiour to these forementioned Aaron would in this grief have water Lintels called by some Ducks meat to be stamped with Vinegar and after to be applyed Constantine assureth us that Alcama tempered with Barley meal and Vinegar and so bound to the place as also Nuts leaves of Wall-nuts and Bleets are very profitable in this passion Item apply very warm to the wound a Spiders web bruised with a white Onion and sufficient Salt and Vinegar will perfectly cure it Guil. Placentinus will warrant that a plate of cold Iron laid upon the wound or Lead steeped in Vinegar will do the deed Gordonius counsel is to rub the place with Sage and Vinegar and afterwards to foment it with water and Vinegar sod together Varignana would have us to apply Chalk in powder and inwardly to take the seeds of Mallows boiled in Wine Water and a little Vinegar Matthiolus much commendeth Sperage being beaten and wrought up with Honey to anoint the place Likewise flies beaten and anointed on the place winter Savory Water-cresses with Oyl of Momerdica give most speedy help Arnoldus Villanovanus assureth us that any fresh earth especially Fullers earth is very available and the herb called Poley used as an Unguent or else Goats milk And Marcellus Empirious is not behinde his commendations for the use of Bullocks dung to be applyed as a poultesse to the stinged part These and many others may any Man ascribe that hath had but an easie tast of the infinity of Physicks speculation for the store-house of Nature and truly learned Physitians which way soever you turn you will minister and give sufficient store of alexiterial medicines for the expulsing of this grief In conclusion one and the self same medicament will serve indifferently for the curation of Wasps and Bees saving that when we are stung with Wasps more forcible remedies are required and for the hurts that Bees do us then weaker and gentler are sufficient In the hundreth and nintieth year before the birth of our blessed Saviour an infinite multitude of Waspes came flying into the Market place at Capua as Julius witnesseth and lighted on the Temple of Mars all which when with great regard and diligence they were gathered together and solemnly burnt yet for all that they presignified the coming of an enemy and did as it were fore-tell the burning of the City which shortly after came to passe And thus much for the History of the Wasp of HORNETS A Hornet is called of the Hebrews Tsirbah Of the Arabians Zabar and Zambor Of the Germans Ein hornauss Horlitz Froisin Ofertzwuble Of the Flemings Horsele Of the Frenchmen Trellons Fonlons Of the Italians Calauron Crabrone Scaraffon and Galanron Of the Spaniards Tabarros ò Moscardos Of the Illyrians Irssen Of the Sclavonians Sierszen Of us Englishmen Hornets and great Wasps The Grecians call them Anthrénas and Anthrenoùs because with their sting they raise an Anthrar or Carbuncle with a vehement inflamation of the whole part about it The Latines call them Crabrones peradventure of Crabra a Town so named in the Territory of Tusculanum where there is great plenty of them or it may be they are tearmed Crambrones of Caballus a Horse of whom they are first engendered according to that of Ovid 15. Metamorphos Pressus humo bellator equus Crabronis origo est That is to say When War-horse dead upon the Earth lies Then doth his flesh breed Hornet flies Albertus tearmeth a Hornet Apis citrina that is a yellow or Orange coloured Bee Cardan laboureth much to prove that dead Mules are their first beginners Plutarch is of opinion that they first proceed from the flesh of dead Horses as Bees do out of a Bulls belly and I think that they have their breeding from the harder more firm and solid parts of the flesh of Horses as Wasps do from the more tender or soft Hornets are twice so great as the common Wasps in shape and proportion of body much resembling one another They have four wings the inward not being half so large as the outward being all joyned to their shoulders which are of a dark brownish and of a Chestnut-like colour these wings are the cause of their swift flight they have also six feet of the same colour and hew that their breast and shoulders are of There is somewhat long of the colour of Saffron their eyes and looks are hanging or bending downwards crooked and made like a half Moon from which grow forth two peaks like
the place affected The fish called a Barble cureth the bitings of any venemous Spider if being raw it be slit asunder in the middest and so applyed as Galen saith Anoynt the whole body with a liquid Cerote and foment the place affected with Oyl wherein Trifolium Bituminosum hath been infused or bathe it often with Sponges soked in warm Vinegar then prepare and make ready Cataplasmes of these Ingredients following that is of Knot-grasse Stala Caeli called Salomons seal Leeks Cheesill or Bran decocted in Vinegar Barley-meal and Bay-berries and the leaves boyled in Wine and Honey Some do also make Cataplasmes of Rue or herb-grace and Goats-dung tempered with Wine Cypresse Marjoram and wilde Rue with Vinegar An emplaster of Asclepiades Take of the seeds of wilde Rue and Rocket-seeds Stavesakre Rosemary seeds Agnus Castus Apples and Nuts or in stead of these two of the leaves of the Cypresse-tree of each alike beat and temper them all together with Vinegar and Honey Aetius Apply the decoction of Lupines upon the affected place the eschar being first removed then anoynt it in the warm Sun-shine or against the fire with the fat of a Goose tempered with wilde Rue and Oyl or else of the pap of Barley and the broth of Lupines make a Cataplasm Oribasius The Filberd-nut that groweth in India healeth the biting of these Phalangies Avicenna Goats dung dissolved with other convenient Cataplasmes and Oyl of Worm-wood and the juice of Figs helpeth much Kiranides Apply oftentimes a cold piece of iron to the place Petrus de Albano Foment the place very often with the juice of the herb Plantane Hildegardis The artificiall Oyl of Balm is singular Euonymus A fomentation made of the leaves and stalks of Imperatoria called Masterwort and continued a good space or else Vervain bruised and stamped the juice being taken in wine and further the herb outwardly applyed is much commended of Turneiser Beat and stamp herb grace with Garlick and some Oyl and apply it outwardly Celsus There be but a few particular cures for the bitings of Spiders that Physitians mention yet some they doe although the generall be most effectuall Pliny against the biting of the Formicarian or Pismire-lik Phalangie that hath a red head commendeth much another Phalangie of the same kinde only to be shewed to the wounded patient to look upon and to be kept for the same purpose though the Spider be found dead Also a young Weasel dryed and the belly thereof stuffed with Coriander-seed and so kept till it be very old and stale and drunk in Wine being first beaten to powder is likewise good for the same intention There is a certain little beast called Ichneumon of some it is called Mus Pharaonis Pharoes Mouse and for the enmity unto Serpents it is called Ophiomachus as Bellonius reporteth being bruised and applyed to the biting of any Wasp-like Phalangie doth utterly take away the venome of them It often entreth and searcheth out the seats and holes of venemous Spiders and Phalangies and if it finde any of them she haleth and tuggeth them clean away as a Pismire doth a small grain of Corn and if the Phalangie offer any resistance the Ichneumon sparing no labour pulleth her the contrary way and by this strugling and striving sometimes it so falleth out that the Ichneumon is wearied and then she breatheth a little and gathering new strength and courage setteth again upon the Phalangie with a fresh assault and woundeth her many times so that at length she carrieth her to her own lodging there to be devoured If the Tarantula have hurt any one the best remedy is to stirre and exercise the body continually without any intermission whereas in all hurts that are caused by any other Spiders rest and quietnesse are the best means as Celsus affirmeth But their Antidote is musick and singing Christophorus de honestis counselleth to take forthwith Theriaca Andromachi without any delay He also adviseth to take Butter tempered with Honey and the root of Saffron in Wine His proper Bezoar saith he or the green berries or seeds of the Lentisk-tree Ponzettus in his book De venenis adviseth to take ten grains of the Lentisk-tree in Milk or an ounce and a half of the juice of Mullberry-leaves In the increase of the grief he cureth them with Agarick or the white Vine and after much sweating they are to be comforted and refreshed or strengthned with cold Medicines as with the water of Popy and the like Merula saith they are to be remedied with the stone of Musicall Instruments dancing singing and colours concerning the three former I will not contend but how they should receive any part of help or health from viewing of any colours I do not well understand considering that the eye-sight of all those that are bitten of a Taramula is quite taken away or they see but obscurely as being mightily deceived in their objects Andreas Matthiolus in his Commentaries upon the sixth book of Dioscorides Chap. 40. reporteth a very strange story of a certain Hermit his old friend and acquaintance dwelling neer unto Rome who cured all those who were bitten or hurt of any venemous Worms or Serpents which in this last place I will insert although some may say that it is needlesse and belongeth not at all to this discourse in hand or else will not beleeve it For when as any of the inhabitants in those parts were wounded of any poysonous Serpent by a Messenger forthwith signified the same to the old Hermit who by and by demanded of the Messenger whether he could be content to take or drink any Medicine in stead of the sick patient which if the other assented to promising to take it the Hermit commanded him without any further delay to pull off his right foot shooe and to set his foot on the earth drawing a line round about the foot with his knife then he willed him to take away his foot and within the space of the line so marked he writ or engraved these words following Caro Caruze sanum reduce reputata sanum Emanuel paracletus Then immediately he pared away the earth with the same whittle so that all the Characters were quite defaced putting the same earth into a little earthen vessell full of water letting it there so long remain untill the earth sunk to the bottom Lastly he strained the water with a piece of the Messengers shirt or some other linnen that he wore next to his skin and being signed with the sign of the Crosse gave it him to drink But surely saith Matthiolus it was marvellous strange and a wonderfull thing to consider how that the wounded patient was perfectly healed even at that very hour and moment of time that the Messenger took the aforesaid potion of the Hermit as it is plainly known unto my self and to all the people that dwell round about in that Territory or Shire And thus much of this Heremiticall curation by the way Now will I come into
offensive Take female Vipers for we must take heed how we take male Vipers for the confection of Antidotes For Trochuks all Vipers are not convenient but those which be yellow and of the yellow the females only Vipers great with young you must refuse for being pregnant they are more exasperate then themselves at other times Of Vipers be made Trochisces which of the Grecians are called Theriaci four fingers being cut off at either end and the inwards taken out and the pale matter cleaving to the back-bone the rest of the body must be boiled in a dish in water with the herb Dill the back-bone must be taken out and fine flowre must be added Thus these Trochuks being made they must be dryed in the shade apart from the Sun-beams and being so prepared they be of very great use for many medicines The use of Triacle is profitable for many things for not only by his own nature it availeth against the biting of venomous creatures and poysons but also it is found by experience to help many other great infirmities For it easeth the Gowt and pain in the joynts it dryeth fluxes it very much profiteth men molested with the Dropsie leprous and melancholick persons those that have Quartane Agues or the Jaundise those that have a weak voice or that spet bloud those that are troubled with aking reins with Dysentery with the stone with short breath with passion of the liver or milt with choler with heart-ach with the Falling-sicknesse It driveth all kinde of Worms out of the bowels It is the most soveraign remedy of the Plague Even to them that are in health the often use of it is wholesome for it promiseth long life and firm health it consumeth excrements it strengtheneth natural actions it quickeneth the wit and sharpeneth all the senses it preserveth the body from poyson and other offences and maketh it scarse subject to danger by such casualties it begetteth good bloud it corrupteth the the air and waters neither alone doth it deliver from instant diseases but also preserveth from those that be imminent Of EARTH-WORMS ALthough there be many and sundry sorts of Worms which do contain in them some poysonous quality yet for all that at this time my purpose is to discourse especially of Earth-worms whereof some are bred only in the earth and others among plants and in the bodies of living creatures Worms of the earth are termed by Plautus and Columella Lumbrici peradventure as being derived a Lubricitate They are called also Terrae Intestina of the Latines as well because they take their first beginning and breeding in the very bowels and inward parts of the Earth as because being pressed and squeesed betwixt the fingers or otherwise they do void forth excrements after the fashion of living beasts that have intrails in them The Greeks call them Ges entera Hesychius calleth them Embullous Brunfelsius Otho in his Physick Lexicon writeth that they are usually called in the Cilician tongue Gaphagas fetching the derivation of the word parà Tò gaian phágein for they feed upon earth Of the Englishmen they are called Meds and Earth-worms of the French Vers de Terra of the Germans Eert wurm and Erdwurmem Melet Ode Regenwurm of the Belgians Pier-wuorm or Rengenwuorm of the Italians Lumbrichi of the Spaniards Lumbrizes of the Polonians Glisti of the Hungarians Galisza of the Arabians they are called Charatin Manardus in his second Book and 40. Epistle writeth that in times past they were called Onisculi and Nisculi There are found especially two sorts of Earth-worms which are either greater or lesser The greater Earth-worms are somewhat long almost like in proportion and shape to those round Worms which do breed in mens bodies They are half a foot long at least and being stretched out in length they are found to be a foot long they are of a whitish colour and sometimes though seldom of a bloudy hue and for the most part they are all adorned with a chain about their necks or rather they seem to wear a certain collar wherein there is a little bloud contained and they lack eyes and eye-sight as all forts of Worms do They breed of the slime of the earth taking their first being from putrefaction and of the fat moisture of the same earth they are again fed and nourished and into earth at last are resolved When there falleth any showre of rain then this kinde of Worm creepeth suddenly out of the earth where-upon old Euclio in Plautus being very careful of his pot of Gold speaketh aptly to his Drudge Strobilus in these words Foras foras Lumbrice qui sub terra erepsisti modo Qui modo nusquam camparebas nunc autem cùm compares peris Which may be Englished thus Away away thou Worm late from the earth crept out Safe thou wast unseen but seen life fails I doubt Here Euclio very properly termeth his Bondman Strobilus a Worm because not being espyed of his Master before he suddenly came sneaking out from behinde an Altar where he was hid much like a Worm that in moist weather issueth out of the ground Those little heaps which are cast up and lie shining and wrinckled before the mouth or edges of their holes I take them to be their miery excrements for I cold never as yet finde other excrementitious substance drossy matter or other feculency but only bare earth in them whose alimentary juyce and moisture being clean exhausted they cast out the remainder as an unprofitable burthen nothing fit for nourishment At the entrance of their doors which yet steadeth them to some commodious use for stopping and damming up their holes that the rain cannot so easily soke in they are by these means safely defended from many anoyances and dangers that otherwise might light upon them Their delight is to couple together especially in a rainy night cleaving together untill the morning and in the same they are not folded round about one another like unto Serpents but are straightly closed together side-wise and thus do they remain sticking close the one to the other They send forth a certain froathy slime or jelly when that they joyn together They do ever keep the middle part of their body within the earth I mean their hinder-parts yea even in their mutual joyning together neither are they at any time so fast glewed and closed but with the least stirring and motion of the ground that can be imagined they are straight-ways severed withdrawing themselves speedily into their lurking holes In rainy weather they are whiter a great deal then at other times unlesse it be when they couple together for then they appear very red I my self about the midst of April did once open a thick female Worm and within the flesh I found a certain receptacle ringed round about and filling up the whole cavity of the body having a thin membrane or seat enclosing it and in this aforesaid store-house the earth which she had
Attick Honey Butter oyl of Roses and as much warm water Marcellus Empyricus used to infuse into the ear that was pained The same also very much commends honey mingled or kneaded with the ordure of a young Infant to cure the dulness of the sight and the white spots in the eye Vegetius by this means cures the watery eyes and dropping of the eyes caused by rheume or distillation First of all a little below the eye he drawes bloud and anoints them with the purest honey till it be whole But yet care must be had as Columella very well hints that as often as the eyes are anointed with honey they be besmeared round about with melted pitch and oyl lest the Wasps and Bees infest and hurt them Hear also what Marcellus saith touching the clearing up of the eyes and he prescribes this The honey pure and neat wherein the Bees are dead let that drop into the eyes or honey mixt with the ashes of the heads of Bees makes the eyes very clear And again mingle Attick honey with the first ordure the Infant makes together with the milk of the Nurse and with that anoint the eyes that are so dull what ever the cause of it be but first of all you must binde the patient to a form or ladder for otherwise such is the strength of the medicine that he will not be able to endure it Which is such a present remedy that in three daies it will fully restore the sight and take away every blemish of the eye The Gall of a Vulture mingled with the juice of Horehound twice as much in weight as the gall is and two parts of honey cures the suffusion of the eyes Gal. in Euporist Otherwhere he mingles one part of the gall of the Sea-Tortoise and four times as much honey and anoints the eyes with it Serenus prescribes such a receipt to cause one to be quick sighted Mingle Hyblâ—an honey with the gall Of Goats 't is good to make one see withall Give Infants butter and honey for nothing is better for their breeding teeth and for sore mouths Galen bids us rub their gums with nothing but honey For it wonderfully helps to their breeding of teeth preserving cleansing and beautifying of them Also against the pain of the jawes If with Arabian honey you joyn field-poppy it 〈◊〉 it And sometimes pure honey is mingled with clear water and this as Serenus and Pliny testifie doth notably cure the driness of the tongue in Feavers the Quinsie and the diseases of the Uvula Throat Jawes of the Tonsils against difficulty of breathing and to cause one to expectorate either by it self or mingled with other things it is highly commended by Hippocrates And for the convulsion of the laps of the lungs which useth to be a deadly disease the drinking of cold water and of that wherein a honey-comb is steeped is very effectual Also if the stomack be not hot cholerick bitter nauseating or feaverish it makes it strong and vigorous and nourisheth it much not suffering milk to curdle in it it cleanseth the reins boyled with water and butter it is good against the stone Avicenna It easeth the pain of the spleen but it must be outwardly applyed with the dead Bees for taken inwardly it hurts both the liver and the spleen saith Galen When it is raw it looseneth the belly but boyled with the Bees or with new cheese it bindes the belly so much that Galen holds it to be a secret against the Dysentery and colick passions so doth Celsus also and Pliny Hippocrates mingled honey with all Medicaments that were to soften the belly Honey mingled with rosin is a cure for the cold Testicles as Pliny saith who also affirms that the ashes of Oxe-leather mingled with honey cures all running sores and botches Nitre with honey and Cowes milk cures ulcers of the face and the froth of honey with oyl of Walnuts amends the burning of the skin it is excellent for old people and such as have cold stomachs and being boyled it discusses wind and moves urine mightily Galen Hollerius reckoneth honey amongst Diaphoreticks because it openeth and maketh the passages clear Galen placeth it amongst Diureticks It layeth down its acrimony by being mingled with water or being boyled and therefore Galen prescribes boyled honey to close up ulcers that are hollow Salt with meal and honey takes away the pain of a joynt that is dislocated discusses the swelling and makes it more apt to be reduced I might here set down the plaister of Aetius and Aegineta called Diamelleum the Tapsimel of Arden and all syrups that were anciently made of honey In whose place the Neotericks have put sugar but I know not by what reason For if honey of Athens or some as good be at hand and doth not want its due preparation do not use sugar that is earthly reedy and so full of dregs not comparable either for use original or any way whatsoever with this heavenly dew honey But to let this pass let us reckon up the kinds of drinks and meats made of honey Six kindes of honey-drink the Ancients made principally Honey and water honey and wine honey and vinegar the washing of the combs juice of some grapes and honey sea-water and honey The first is called by Pollux and Nicander Hydromel or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Galen Pliny Aegineta and Dioscorides have set down the making of it Hydromel of Galen Take sweet pure clean fountain water 8. pounds the best honey 1. pound boyle them at a soft fire in an earthen vessel take off the skim a top oft times and boyl it to its thickness If it must be drunk presently it must be made thin as water if it must be setup to keep boyl it longer till it be thick as a julep if it be kept long it pierceth deeper into the parts far off and is sooner converted into choler Also boyling acquires to it many more faculties for being little boyled it inflates more it purges more and nourisheth lesse Longer boyled sit dissipates wind nourisheth more and purges lesse It is spiced at pleasure with Ginger Saffron Gallia Moschata Lignum aloes c. It is made also another way of honey 1. pound water 8. pound leaven 3. ovnces put all in a wooden vessel leaving three or four fingers empty that it may work the better when it hath done working stop the vessel and let it be well hoopt and after three months it will be fit to drink Hydromel of Pliny Take of pure rain-water that hath been kept five years 12 pound boyl it to thirds add to it a third part of old honey and in the dog-daies set it in the sun for 40 daies and letting it so stand on the tenth day stop the vessel this is called Hydromel that with age will taste like wine made no where better than in Phrygia It was given to sick people that desired wine but now it hath been forbidden many years Hydromel of Aegineta Take the
All these as also all made Wines are condemned by Themison a chief writer Galen prepares it thus Let the best honey be clarified and add so much wine-vinegar to it that it may please the sick mans palate boyl them till they are well mingled and when you will use it mingle as much water as you please it is boyled enough when it sends forth no more scum Some there are perhaps that deliver these compositions somewhat otherwise and Dioscorides he differs from Misues and Nicolaus from them both In Misue you shall finde ten several sorts of it in Nicolaus I have seen seventeen some simple some compound with Squills Thyme Flower de luce and other herbs and roots Also Gesner brought in an Oxymel with Hellebore which he commends not a little in his Greek Epistle to Adolphus Otto To make thin thick and clammy humours and to root them out but especially to make way for insensible transpiration that is to draw forth from the center to the superficies of the body But you shall finde every where scattered in the Book of his Epistles what force it hath against Melancholy Cacheria Dropsies Epilepsies and Feavers where also you have the Oxymels made with Hellebore the great and the small 4. Apomeli of Philagrius in Aegineta Take white combs full of honey 1 pound fountain-water 3 pound and half break the combs and press out the honey boyl this water and honey together untill the froth of it and that which as it were the waxy part swim a top and be by degrees taken off when it is cool put it into a vessel It cools lightly as Galen saith wherefore in Phlegmone and weariness in a Feaver it is very good Avicenna his syrup of Honey seems to be the same with this In Nicolaus you shal finde three kinds of Apomeli and in Aetius Oribasius Actuarius yet more for they are changed according to the nature of the disease and the sick patient that is the reason that we had rather only touch upon them then to describe them at large It is drunk all the summer to cool the body at which time any man may drink of it especially when it growes sowrish it is held to be of a middle nature between a Mulsum and an Oxymel Galen It is also useful to expectorate with to move urine to purge the belly and to â—ut thick humours Aegineta Ruelius 5. Omphacomeli which Grapoldus did not well translate Bitter honey it is made of the juice of unripe grapes 3 saxtarii and 1 sextarius of honey boyled together or set a sunning for 40 daies when it hath done working put it in a veslel and stop it close and keep it for your uâ—e The same way almost is Melomeli of Quinces made Rhodomeli of roses honey of Myrtils Rhoites Rhodostacte c. you may finde their descriptions and use in Aetius 6. Thalassiomeli is made of equal parts of sea-water rain-water and honey purified and set in the sun in a pitched vessel in the Dog-daies some to two parts of sea-water add one part of honey and so tun it up They both purge but this hath far the less Gorraeus It is pleasant in taste and smell it purgeth gently without troubling the stomach at all Pliny And thus much of Honied drinks It would be too long for me and tedious to the Reader should I set down all kinde of Meats which the Athenians provided with honey and other ingredients therefore it shall not be needfull to rehearse them and it may be it is impossible for divers Nations did variously mingle honey with other things as with milk meat flour wheat cheese and with Sesama whence are these meats made of honey called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Juncates or honeymeats and wafers they have divers names as the thing is made Athenaeus They sacrificed to Ceres this bread of felicity as the Scholiast upon Nicander sheweth we call it honey-bread Also the Scripture teacheth that the nations offered wafers made with honey to the Sun and Moon and to the Queen of heaven wherefore Moses forbad the Israelites to offer honey in their offerings unto God Leviticus the 2. But it may be that was rather forbid the Jewes because honey hath a power of fermenting Also they made it with suet fresh cheese oyl and raisins also to cause sleep the Ancients made a kinde of meat of honey and poppy-seed very pleasant which they called Cocetum as Festus reports Also Ambrosia which was held to be the meat of the gods had that exceeding sweetness whereby it was thought to be so healthful from honey to make men immortal of which Athenaeus and Bellonius write at large But the Indians have the best and the most wholsome juncates who were held to be Barbarians but the truth is they may for their wit be compared with any in Europe and for what I can see to be preferred before them But before honey be used it must be clarified which is thus performed Take honey and fountain water distilled of each 2 pound or as much as you please boyl them and skim off all that swims a top till all the water be consumed Then clarifie it with 12 whites of Eggs. Abynzoar But if you make it hard pure and fast together mingle half a pound of the best wine to one pound of honey thus clarified boyl them skimming them till they grow hard put it in a vial and set it in boyling water and it will grow clear and stony like sugar-candy If honey be but mean it will grow better by boyling whether honey be sophisticate or pure you shall know by bâ—rning it for what is not sophisticate will burn purely The Author of the Geoponicon But if you would separate the quintessence of honey oyl salt water vinegar see Isaac Belga the treasure of Euonymus and other Chymists we will not venture into this ocean being already plunged in the harbour Now I shall shew you its first inventers Saturn was the first inventer of honey as Macrobius and they of Cyrene boast Caliâ—s and Pliny say that Aristaeus first invented honey-works But Diodorus Siculus writes that the Curetes of Crete first found out the use and way of honey Some ascribe this to the Thessalians Others to Melissus the most ancient King of the Greeks Some to Bacchus as Ovid testifieth The Greeks feign that a Nymph called Melissa first found out honey and the use of it and thence she had her Name given her from Bees Who found it or when it is not much matter It is a heavenly gift and very profitable for men if they use it well and warily CHAP. VI. Concerning Wax Bee-glew dregs of Wax Pissoceros Bees-bread and of their Nature and Use WAx in Hebrew Donagh in Arabick Mum Examacha Zamache Aberan in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in High Duch Wachs in English Wax in Brabant Wass in French Cire in Italian Cera in Spanish Cicrai it is either natural
or artificial Simple and natural Wax is the thicker part of the combs that contains the honey and it is either virgins wax or of a second sort virgins wax is that the younger swarms of Bees make from the young branches of flowers That is the first Swarm put into a new Hive For so as Aristotle and Hollerius testifie the Bee-masters call it which they diligently separate from the first and new combs as being by nature the most perfect of all the second sort though they reject not yet is it short of the other for esteem and worth The way they make wax is this They creep upon the flowers first with their fore-feet and they touch them but lightly then they wipe and rub themselves in the middle of them then they nimbly and artificially lay down the tincture of the flowers which they have wrought with their water or moisture and compacted between the legs of their hinder feet and having gathered as much in quantity and in form like a lentil when they have this burden they carry it home to their houses That matter is of divers colours for the nature of the flowers as yellow red pale saffron coloured white black which is the cause that the wax is of so many colours they make wax saith Pliny of all flowers and plants except sorrel and arrach Artificial wax is that to which our labour and art must be used Divers Authors use divers waies to make wax Palladius in the month of July takes out the natural wax which he first prepares softly in a brass vessel full of boyling water cutting the combs small and after that in other vessels he makes it up into forms being melted Pliny takes another way The wax is made when the honey is pressed forth but first they are cleansed with water that no reliques of honey remain and he dries them three daies in the dark or in the shade The fourth day he melts them at the fire in a new earthen pot the water covering them and then he strains them through a basket again the wax is boyled in the same pot and in the same water and other cold water is put to it so often as you see the vessels smeered about with honey Columella goes this way After that the remainders of the combs are diligently washed with clear water the honey having been first well strained out they are cast into a brasse pan then he put water to them and melted them at the fire then he powred the wax through straw or rushes to strain it and then he boyled it again as he did before and then putting water to it he made it of what form he pleased and when it grew hard it was easie to take it forth because the wax hath water under it that will not let the wax stick to the forms Now wax differs two waies for goodness and for use The best wax is collected by the principal Bees and is so wrought by the best artists that it may appear white tender handsome all like it self pure somewhat fat well sented without nerves or skins hairs or any superfluous matter Such as Nonius Marcellus describes out of Varro for Tarentine wax made by the Bees or Miletus Wax is so much the more depraved the farther it is from these good signs The use of wax is twofold for physick or for other matters what concerns physick wax is a mean between hot and moist cold and dry and emollient It hath some gross parts and that stopt it not only dries but seems by accident to moisten by hindring transpiration Hence it is the matter of other medicaments But by it self it digests lightly being laid outwardly for it hath a little discussing hot faculty of which it partakes as much as honey doth In drink it cures the dysentery ten grains of wax swallowed so big as millet seeds will not suffer milk to clodder in Nurses breasts Dioscorid Aetius bids to give it in the bigness of three Tares A certain Anonymus prescribes this remedy against pains of the head and malignant humours arising from a Feaver or any other cause Take virgins wax what you please soften it at the fire that you may work it at your pleasure lay it as a cap on the shorn head of the patient and upon that put on a linnen cap that it fall not off After three daies lay it off or use it so long till you finde the pain gone Put wax into the hollow tooth that akes and with a hot probe touch it Archigenes Wax applyed to the nerves and tendons being bare will cover them with flesh and cure them Aetius For the cold pain of the joynts Take a clout dipt in melted wax lay it handsomely and as closely on as the sick can endure it for one night and it will cure it Galenus Moreover it is good to anoint the ears with Bears grease and Buls tallow and melted wax Marcellus You may discuss corns in the eyelids with a fomentation of white wax Gal. ex Archigen No man that is not an enemy of truth will deny but that oyl of wax is of principal use to cure pains of the Gout to soften hard swellings and to heal wounds and ulcers Also it is mingled as Galen witnesseth to the medicament of Asclepias against an Ozena and it is a certain cure for the Jaundies A certain Lady of most blessed memory wonderfully recommended these pills to Gesner Take the yolk of an egge boyled hard and as much wax with some grains of saffron and syrup of worm-wood Make pills to take morning and evening They cause thirst exceedingly but being continued by degrees without drink they root out the disease Also a ball is made of wax to keep up the womb subject to fall down and medicaments made up with it will last the longer Clodius the follower of Asclepias The Greeks were wont to give the Cyrenian juice wrapt up in wax to swallow it the better Celius Aurel. It is also the ground of all Cerats and Plaisters Myrepsus was the first that made a plaister without wax It not only preserves the living but it keeps the dead also from putrefaction for which cause as now it is used by us to wrap up persons of great fortunes in wax as Strabo reports the Persians were wont to do By a waxen probe hollow ulcers are best to be searched The Carthaginian wax is the best for medicaments the next is the Pontick which is very yellow and smells like honey being very pure Pliny Which thing I wonder at amongst honey that is venomous the third in esteem is from Crete which is from abundance of Bee-glew the last is the Corsick wax because it is collected from box it is thought to have a physical quality Now followes the use of Wax otherwise They that are rich or sick or great men desire their candles to be made of it by reason of the sweet smell Also the use of wax is not small in stopping the chinks in
vessels for tents in the camp to keep out rain for bed-ticks that the feathers fly not out to joyn pipes made of reeds as Ovid sang concerning the shepherds of old And with the Reed wâ—ll waxed they play'd and sang Also the most excellent Painters painted with wax as Pliny reports and they adorned ships with it This kinde of painting though it were not hurt by salt nor by the sun nor by the wind yet it was lost we know not how when Apelles Protogenes and Zeuxis died Also the Ancients were wont to smeer over their writing tables with wax before that paper was invented as Juvenal describes it And the younger Pliny in his Epistle to Trajan I sate by the nets there was no hunting pole or lance by me but a style and writing tables I did meditate and set down some things that though I should have my hands empty my writing tables might be full Hence proceeded those old forms of speaking In the first second third or last wax For Suetonius proves that the Romans writ their Testaments in wax in the life of Caesar in these words He made Q. Pedius his heir to the last farthing the rest he placed in the bottom of the wax that is in the last part of his will Nor is the use of sealing wax little whereby we seal letters and instruments Of this there are four principal kindes the Punick or white the red or Indian the black or American the yellow or European The Punick is made thus The yellow wax is often laid in the open air then they boyl it in sea-sea-water adding Nitre to it then with skimmers they take off the flower of the wax and they powr â—t into a vessel that hath a little cold water in it then they boyl it apart in sea-sea-water then they cool the vessel This is done thrice and they then dry it on a bul-rush hurdle by day and by night in the open air for this makes it white the honey being drawn forth by the Sun and the yellow colour breathed forth when it is dryed they melt it when it is melted they cover it with a thin cloth and set it in the sun after it hath stood in the sun it becomes exceeding white being boyled once more Wax is made white otherwise but this is the most proper for medicaments Pliny I see that the Greeks speak of is no other than which Pliny calls the Punick wax Aetius speaks of white wax in the Vnguent Martiatum and Paulus speaks of it also Black wax is either natural as in the Molucco Islands and many parts of America it is gathered by the Bees themselves as we read in Thevet and in the Centuries of Navigations or artificial adding the ashes of paper Red wax or like Minium of India is made with mingling Anchusa or Cinnaber There is another kinde of red wax hard like a stone but easie to break the Merchants think their letters sealed with this to be very sure yet there are some knaves so cunning that they will open them and shut them again not hurting them that no man can possibly discern it which art though a chief Impostor shewed to Pennius when he was at Paris yet he was too honest to reveal it to this mischievous age The European honey is of the natural colour that is yellow But the colour and variety of things hath so bewitched us that we are not content with natural colours but we must imitate the Punick Indian American waxes and above those we must have green dark light blew wax made of Verdigrease and other paints and some Turpentine Propolis the Arabians call Kur the Greeks call it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Germans Vorstotz neben Wachs Wachs winden stop Wachs the Helvetians if I mistake not Bet and Biâ—â—eâ— trost the English Hive-dross the Spaniards El vetun de las colmenas Scribanius takes it for Virgins wax Sylvatieus falsly takes it for the dregs of the Hives Andreas Bellunensis calls it the foulness of the walls and sayes that some abuse it for Bdellium Some maintain that Propolis drops from trees others say it is the first comb It is indeed a thicker yellowish matter sweet sented like to Storax and dustie like Mastick like to wax but not yet made wax whereby all passages are stopt against cold and rain The third sort is that black matter and sharp sented which Aristotle calls Mitys Gaza and Pliny call Commosis the dregs of wax the second is called Pissoceros as you would say a matter made of pitch and wax The third Propolis is of a middle nature between these two supporters and wax laid very thick at the mouthes of the Hives chiefly in summer and therefore it is called Propolis as you youl l say belonging to the suburbs Because the Bees build with it at the doors before the Hive Propolis saith Cordus out of Pliny perhaps is some rosin gum growing upon the budding places of trees which Bees gather and hang about the entrances of their Hives to stop all chinks in winter against the cold There are four sorts of it The first is collected only out of the black Poppy which they call Aegyrina that is yellow it is soft to be touched and sticks like bird-lime it smels sweet and comfortable to the head causeth rest and is like Storax it tastes like Poplar buds The second is gathered from the Birch-treâ— and is of a colour between a yellow ash and green it is soft and ductil also in handling The third the Bees make out of the gum of the Poplar tree called Alpina but it is but seldom and only in those places where no other Poplar tree or Birch abounds but only that is called Alpina The fourth or mingled is gathered and confounded from all these trees so that it hath a mixt colour sent â—avour and consistence Cordus saith almost so much now let us hear Pliny Propolis is a kinde of middle substance between honey and wax rather between wax and Pissoceros and it seems to be gum collected by the Bees to stop up their hives Rondoletius saith it hath a thick substance and the smell of leaven Pliny saith it smels so strong that some use it for Galbanum But in the spring gathering time of honey this part that shuts their cells may be separated of which Politianus writes thus That the Bee laies a white foundation of his various coloured wax So that Propolis seems to be a thick foundation for the wax But it is now out of use nor can any man finde pure Propolis For most Bee-masters taking out the Hives when all the honey is run forth whatsoever is in the combs they mingle together and keep none pure by it self nor is that wax which Avicen calls black Mum any thing but the dregs of the combs or else some sediment that sinks to the bottom of the water after the wax is boyled and this is now Propolis but Propolis is not pure but some mingled matter The nature of
Grashoppers were of old time men born of the earth but by the favour of the Muses turned into that Musical sort of creatures the Grashoppers Even at this day sustaining their lives with no other food than dew and feeding themselves by continual â—inging they live For this cause the Athenians were called Tettigophori because they wore golden Grashoppers for ornament in their hair and for a token of their nobility and antiquity as Thucidides 1. Syngraph and Heraclides Ponticus de priscis Atheniensibus testifie Erytheus makes a proof of this custome being born of the earth as they say who first governed the Common-wealth of the Athenians and they too in the judgement of Plato the Natives were 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. e. born of the earth Afterwards it came to be a custome that none but an Athenian or one born in the place might wear a Grashopper in his hair of this opinion is Aristoph as also his Scholiast Iâ—idore saith that the Cuckow-spittle doth generate Grashoppers which is not true but that it produceth small Locusts is manifest Lucretius in his 4 Book saith that the Grashopper in the Summer doth shift his skin according to this verse Cum veteres ponunt tunicas aestate Cicada And for that reason he is called by Hesychius 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. e. the naked Grashoppers or without a skin whom I should not have believed unless I had the picture of the skin so cast off by me Before Copulation the Males are of the more delicate taste afterwards the females for that they have in them white eggs very pleasant to the palat The Parthians as Pliny writeth and the rest of the eastern Nations feed upon them not only for nutrition sake but to open their veins and to stir up their languishing appetite as Atheneus in his 4. Book and Natalis Comes expresly affirm Hence Aristophanes in his Anagyrus out of Theocritus writes that the gods did feed upon Grashoppers at what time they had lost their appetite through choler or passion I have seen saith Aelian l. 12. c. 6. those that sold them tyed in bundles together for men to eat to wit the most voracious of all living creatures did sell the most jejune lest any thing should be lacking to their exquisite dainties Dioscorides gave rosted Grashoppers to eat and saith they are very good against the diseases of the bladder Some saith Galen use dryed Grashoppers for the Colick they give according to the number 3 5 or 7 grains of Pepper as well when it goes off as when it comes on Trallianus bids to give them for the Stone dried and beaten the wings and feet first of all taken away and this to be done in a bath with sweet Wine and Hippocrass Aegineta useth them dryed for the Stone in the reins and for the diseases of the reins he invented the composition called Diatettigon Such another like Antidote doth Myrepsus prescribe but all heads and feet as supervacaneous members being cast away Luminaris hath transcribed an Electuary out of Nicolaus of this sort Take Grashoppers their heads and legs cast away two ounces Grommel seed Saxifrage seed each 1 ounce Pepper Galanga Cinnamon of each 2 drams Lignum Aloes half a dram honey what is sufficient Nicolaus useth Grashoppers burned and powdered mingled with honey and gives them about the bigness of a bean in a quantity of wine Aetius gives three Grashoppers beat in Wine Some in stead of Cantharides use Grashoppers to provoke urine and in my judgement not without very good reason for they are taken with lesse danger and do work sooner as well in this disease as in the weakness of venery Nonus the Physician prescribes an Antidote of Grashoppers and Xenophyllum against the Stone in the kidneys Aretaeus for the remedies of the bladder speaks thus of Grashoppers The best remedy for the bladder is a Grashopper given in its time to eat Males before copulation but afterwards Females as we finde in Aristotle but out of their time dried and powdered boyl them with water and a little spike also let the patient sit in the same for a bath to ease the pains of the bladder Some of our later practitioners put Grashoppers in oyl and set them in the Sun and mingle them with oyl of Scorpions and anoint the privities of men and women the testicles and parts about with it for pains of the bladder Arnoldus Breviar l. 1. c. 20. 32. commends the powder of Grashoppers for the Colick and Iliack passion and also to drive forth the Stone if half a Grashopper in powder be drank with Goats bloud or Diuretick wine Lauframus highly esteems the ashes of Grashoppers to break the Stone taken with Radish water or the decoction of chich Pease Also they cause idle and lazy boyes to hunt after them Theocritus speaks thus of it in his first Idyllium Hee with thin ears of corn bound to a cane did make A whip for Grashoppers to hunt and take Neither are they only excellent meat and very usefull in Physick to men but they feed Birds also and insnare them For the youth of Crete as Bellonius witnesseth hide a hook in the body of a Grashopper and when they have fastned it to a line they cast it up into the air which the Merops seeing catch it and swalloweth which when the boyes perceive they draw it to them and so do exercise their air-fowling not without profit and pleasure The Grashoppers abounding in the end of the Spring do foretel a sickly year to come not that they are the cause of putrefaction in themselves but only shew plenty of putrid matter to be when there is such store of them appear Oftentimes their coming and singing doth pottend the happy state of things so Theocritus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Niphus saith that what year but few of them are to be seen they presage dearness of victuals and scarcity of all things else But whereas Jo. Langius a Philosopher of great reading and learning and a famous Physician saith lib. 2. epist that Grashoppers did eat the corn in Germany as the Locusts do Stumsius that it was done in Helvetia Lycosthenes lib. prodig and the Greek Epigram doth affirm that they eat the fruits and crop the herbs truly unless they mean a Locust in stead of a Grashopper they declare a strange thing and saving the credit of so famous men I will not believe for they have neither teeth nor excrement as hath been said but only feed and swell with the dew Besides although I have gone over all Helvetia Germany and England and have searcht for a Grashopper as for a needle yet could I fâ—nde none And therefore I suppose that both they themselves as also Guill de Conchy and Albert. Vincentius to have mistaken the Locust or Bruchus for the Grashopper being deceived by the common error who take the one for the other They that desire more of their nature and use may consult the Authors
terrible smell I confess ingenuously that I never yet saw it nor know whether it be so by a contrariety in our land or climate Concerning the field Whurl we read thus in Theophrastus as Gaza hath interpreted of small wilde creatures that are bred outwardly that is not in the roots but without them none of them will feed on roots except the Whurl and that leaves none untouched for it is the proper nature of this Insect George Agricola a most learned Philosopher writes thus of Whurls that feed on roots The Whurlworm is found under the earth wrapt up near the roots which truly I could never observe and hence it hath its name Sphondyle from a little wherve or whirl It is so long and thick as ones little finger a red head the rest of the body white but that it is black above where it swels when it is full This plague of Orchards which wants not feet for it hath six feet and doth not creep eats up the pils about the roots of young trees nor doth it at all forbear the roots of wilde Cucumers black Chameleon Centaury hogs Fennel Birthwort Briony which no other Insect whatsoever will touch This Whurl without all doubt is the Insect that Malleolus in his Book of his filthy Exorcisms brings in these words There is saith he a certain worm which the Germans call Engar or Ingar it liveth under the earth is so long as ones middle finger of a white colour a black head six feet which by turning about furrowing and turning up the earth and eating the roots maketh plants barren The third year after its generation it breaks forth like flying Pismires which like their predecessors stick about trees and consume the fruit Then they call it Lawbkaefer In the Diocess of Mentz there were such multitudes of them that all remedies were attempted in vain only they were driven away by charms for so Malleolus reports Cordus also speaks of them Spondyles are worms under ground the Germans call them Engar or Ingar called so from the Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 CHAP. VII Of a Catterpiller called Staphylinus GAza translates Staphylinos a Parsnip either by sleepy carelesness or rather ignorance but as it appears in the short expositions of Nicander the ancient Physicians knew it not sufficiently For the Scholiast writes that Staphylinus is a little creature like a Whurl others say it is like the Spanish Fly Hippocrates speaks once of it but describes it not Aristotle treating of the diseases of Horses cals it an incurable disease if a horse swallow a Staphylinus that is like to a Whurl But Absyrtus writes thus A Staphylinus is like to a Whurl that is about houses but is greater it is bred every where in the fields and goes holding up the tail Whence I perceive it were no hard matter to know a Staphylinus if the home bred Whurls were not unknown to us But that I may do my part and satisfie my Reader I will produce two Insects with their figures which I cannot tell whether they may be called Staphylini or not But that they are not far different from them is more than a conjecture The first as you see is all shining black not much unlike to Beetles but the body is more slender and longer The whole body is two fingers square or somewhat less in length the tail is with two forks which whilest it flies away for it will fly away and run very swiftly it lifts up as it were in its own defence and thrusts out like two short stings very white but we never saw it sting or strike with them and the stings are too small and soft to enter when he puts out these stings in anger it pours forth with them a white and thick substance but softer than a moist ointment It lives most under ground yet it is often seen amongst corn above the earth But I cannot say that it is like to the Whurl that Aristotle or Absyrtus speaks of The countrey people in Kent hold this to be a venomous creature and that Oxen are swollen by this poyson as they are with eating Long-legs It appears indeed that this Staphylinus is a venomous creature not only from their report but by the authority of Aristotle and Nicander I received the second kinde of Staphylinus a Worm of a wonderful form from a Nobleman Edmund Knivet exactly deciphered with his own hand and they are very common in Norfolk in England He hath a small head of a dark colour from red almost round the mouth is small and forked Next the head it hath three feet on each side the two former of them are short like to Catterpillers the other four are almost of a bloudy colour four times as long In the middle of the body under the belly it hath eight feet that are blunt as also a Catterpiller hath The tail is bunchy and forked with two hairs We learn hence that both these kindes are naturally venomous because two horses eating hay and swallowing them down were swoln all their bodies over and died by them In which disease it will not be useless to know Absyrtus his remedy that in the like case we may have it ready and cure our horses For if a Horse eat a Staphylinus whilest he feeds on hay or eats he presently casts him out again by reason of the sharpness of the spirits of it and as it were Vipers bloud But presently he swels exceedingly first therefore foment the swellings largely washing and rubbing them with salt water very hot then take vinegar Lees and put into them fine linnen cut and boyl this with water and anoint him all over but when he takes his physick let him remain in a hot house and a soft stall covered well with cloathes and let a good fire be kept continually by him Anoint him abundantly in the morning then the third day wash him well with hot water and dry up his sweat then rub him in a close place and having rubbed him anoint him with Nitre And fear not though his lips and eyes swel for it useth so to fall out for the Horse will certainly recover suddenly by this means and be as well as he was before But whether these be the same with Staphylinus of Cordus or the Coursilles in France let indifferent men judge They are found in Orchards sometimes so long as ones little finger and they make hillocks like to Moles and there they sleep They chiefly do mischief to Thyme and Elder yet not so but they hurt other plants and herbs also If there be any that know any thing more certainly concerning Staphylinus they are to be desired for Physick and Philosophy sake that they will not refuse to add their talent So at last the natural History of Insects shall be enriched by their labour and shall repay them not only great thanks but also their part in a large increase CHAP. VIII Concerning the Scolopendrae and Juli. THE Scolopendrae and Juli and Cheeselips
Vespucius testifieth of the Isle of St. Thomas that the Blackmoors there are full of Lice but the white men are free of that trouble As for dressing the body all Ireland is noted for this that it swarms almost with Lice But that this proceeds from the beastliness of the people and want of cleanly women to wash them is manifest because the English that are more careful to dress themselves changing washing their shirts often having inhabited so long in Ireland have escaped that plague Hence it is that Armies and Prisons are so full of Lice the sweat being corrupted by wearing alwaies the same cloathes and from thence ariseth matter for their original by the mediation of heaâ— So those that keep no diet but delight in eating and filthines and feed on Vipers Radishes Basil Figs Lignum Aloes Garden Smallage and Dates too much their bodies will from putrefaction of humours breed Lice between their skin as Diodorus in Empiricus Simon Sethi Aetius and Pliny affirm But Dioscorides saith it is exceeding false that Lice will grow from eating Vipers Sheeps-wool that a Wolf hath killed will breed Lice if a garment made thereof be wet with sweat which grant that it be an invention of Aristotle and Pliny yet experience teacheth us that cloathes smeered with Horses grease will breed Lice presently Aelian saith that he will be full of Lice who is anointed with oyl wherein a Stâ—llio is drowned Against this terrible disease which the Greeks call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 many have invented divers remedies The Irish and Iseland people who are frequently troubled with Lice and such as will fly as they say in Summer anoint their shirts with Saffron and to very good purpose to drive away the Lice but after six moneths they wash their shirts again putting fresh Saffron into the Lye But Antigonus in Synag Histor Paradox so soon as little pushes or wheels appear upon the body bids us prick them and take forth the Lice but if they be left unprickt that general lowsie disease will come whereby they say that Alcmaeon Physicus and Pherecides Syrus were destroyed The general Cure of the lowsie Disease Amatus Lusitanus cured that good Venetian at Ancona of whom I spake before who was sâ—ck of a general lowsie disease First by opening a vein and then purging him for so he drove forth the corrupt humours that fomented the disease not at once but twice or thrice Afterwards by applying Topical remedies in a short time he grew free of this plague Topical Medicaments were made thus Take bitter Lupins iij. pugils seeds of Staves-acre ij pugils in the sharpest Vinegar what is sufficient boyl them and with that Vinegar wash the body from head to feed then wipe and dry it and anoint it with this oyntment following Take Staves-acre two parts Sandaracha of the Greeks one part the finest Nitre half a part mingle them all with the sharpest Vinegar and oyl of Radishes and pound them together very exactly and with these make an oyntment with which Amatus soon attained his purpose that the sick fell no more into the same foul disease Amat Lusitan cent 3. curat 58. Herod as Josephus and Aegesippus testifie when he had got this disease by his great pride and he was so smitten from God he went to the Baths beyond Jordan and the Bituminous Lake that were very good to cure this disease but at that time they were of no force when God was pleased to punish a proud Prince with a contemptible creature If the body be lowsie all over it shewes a general Cacochymia wherefore it is best in my opinion first to open a vein and then to give a Purge as the humour requires and so to proceed to specificals and such as agree with the place affected Dioscorides prescribes such kindes of internal remedies Take Garlick with the decoction of Origanum drink this three daies Another Let the sick drink Coriander bruised with Origanum and anoint himself outwardly with Honey He commends also Alum-water and the Decoction of Betes juice of Ivy and the gum of it with Honey liquid Pitch Alum Synopex smeered on with Vinegar Nitre with Samian Earth and Oyl Other outward Remedies that kill Lice out of Pliny Seeds of Staves-acre beaten without the hulls will free the body from Lice but better if you mingle them with the Sandaracha of the Greeks Mustard-seed Garlick with Vinegar and Nitre are good for the same Oyl of Radish doth cure the lowsie disease contracted for a long time Siler Mountain-seed beaten with Oyl Hysop mingled with Oyl Tar sweet Gums the juice of the wilde Vine and Staves-acre boyl'd in Vinegar will free garments from them So black Hellebore with Oyl or Milk anointed on is very good Internal Remedies out of Pliny A Snakes cast skin powdred and drank for three daies will keep the body free from Lice Mustard-seed or seed of Tamarisk drank are good so is water of Radish-leaves and the juyce of Privet-berries Plantain Garlick the juyce of wilde Cucumer and Tar. Nonus commends the root of the sharp Dock bruised with Oyl and anointed first washing the body with the decoction of Lupins and he prescribes a remedy of Sandaracha of the Greeks Nitre and Staves-acre Oribasius approves the juyce of Pellitory long rubbed on or Nitre with the wilde Vine in a Bath Rhasis prefers the leaves of Barberies gum of Ivie great Knot-grass and Sea-water Avicenna commends Quicksilver with oyl of Roses and wilde Staves-acre with Arsenick Haly Abbas bids us purge the body and then to eat meat of good juyce to wash away the filth and to change our clothes often then he prescribes Quicksilver bruised with Staves-acre-seed and oyl of wilde Saffron and with that to anoint the body morning and evening after bathing He farther commands us to use these Remedies Take long Birthwort bruise it with Pine-leaves and Quicksilver and with oyl of Lupins what may serve turn make an Unguent Anoint the body with that at night and in the morning wash it with hot water after that with a decoction of Alum Wormwood Santonicum or Mugwoâ—t rub it away Another Take round and long Birthwort red Arsenick that is the Greeks Sandaracha and with oyl of Ben. make an unguent with this anoint the body in the evening and in the moâ—ning rub the body with Bran and Barley-meal Another Take biter Costus Cardamomum Buls gall bray them with the Oyl of Pistaches anoint the body with it and in the morning wash it with the water of a decoction of clear Bran or of Barley Constantinus used Quicksilver with ashes Litharge Vinegar and Oyl mingled together for hot complexions but for cold he used Pine-tree juyce Sea-water Staves-acre Nitre Arsenick and oyl of wilde Saffron Johannes de Rupescissâ mingled Quicksilver with Aqua vitae and the powder of wilde Staves-acre with that he provides a girdle which worn about the bare loyns will kill the Lice Serenus Abinzoar Amatus Lusitanus Matthiolus
the Germans call them Seuren Graben but since this takes not away the cause of them which fosters them the disease still abides wherefore it is best to kill them with an unguent or fomentation which may at once take off that troublesome itching That which penetrates most and kils these Syrones is salt and vinegar Laur. Joubert Joh. Arden formerly the most learned Chiruregeon of England saith that a Lotion with Sublimate kils them quite And it seems not to be against reason for it dries penetrates resists putrefaction and by its heating acrimony kils them all Abinzoar l. 2. c. 19. tract 7. prescribes these following remedies First purge the body with an infusion of wilde Saffron-seed and Nettle-seed after that anoint it outwardly with the oyl of bitter Almonds or de Cherva and with the juice of the leaves of Peach-tree give boyled Partridge for meat and leavened bread Let the patient abstain from all kinde of fruit except almonds especially from Figs Grapes Jujubes and Apples rub the body often with the substance or pulp of Melons or with the Mucilage of the seed But if the body be fleshy rub it with the juyce of the leaves of the Peach-tree Pliny where there is this disease forbids Oxe-flesh Hogs Geese and all kindes of Pulse Erotis l. de pas mul. writes thus Wheat tempered with Wine adding thereto powder of Frankincense put to the parts affected for a plaister will kill these Wheal-worms every where chiefly upon the cheeks and foreheads Another Take common Salt black Soap live Brimstone each alike incorporate them with vinegar of Squils and anoint the place with them Another for Syrones on the face which the Author of the English Rose cals Barrones Take sharp Dock Frankincense Dragons cuttle-bone each alike make a powder and thrice in a week rub the places where the Worms breed but first wash you face with a decoction of Bran and on Sunday wash your face with the white of an egg and white Starch and then wash it often with river-water or with white starch Alexander Petronius Traianus commends this remedy most namely a fine linnen cloth made into lint that it may be the softer and stick the faster binde this to the part affected then lay on the white of an egge that is rosted hard whilest it is hot and cut into large pieces and then binde upon it some thicker cloth and so let it remain some hours Then taking all away you shall finde the inward lint full of these small Lice which is thus proved shake this over the fire and you shall easily hear these young Syrones crack Against hair-eating Worms and Mites in the heads of children that are usual and that will make little holes in them Alexius makes great account of this remedy Take Frankincense Bores-grease so much as you please let them boyl in an earthen vessel that is glased and make an unguent Another Sprinkle on the powder of burnt Allum and lay on some lint Another not uneffectual Powder quick Brimstone with Rose Vinegar of Squils or else incorporate it with rose-Rose-water and binde it on with a cloth for 24 hours Another that is most certain Take juice of Lemmons and Aqua vitae each alike burnt Salt what may suffice mingle them and anoint with them often Another of Hildegard Apply that skimming of the air that is those cobwebs that are scattered in Autumn and it will certainly destroy all those Syrones and little worms Also strew on the powder of Bees that are dead in their hives on the places affected and they will all dye chiefly if it were mixt with Aqua vitae or Vinegar of Squils Again binde on the crums of white bread whilest they are hot do it often the heat will kill them Fir-tree seed burnt to ashes which growes on the top of the tree if it be strewed on will help much Also the kernels of Barberries powdered and laid to the place will kill Syrones Johan Vigo prescribes these remedies against Syrones wheresoever they breed All bitter things saith he are good against them shave the patt affected that they may penetrate the better Oyl of Vitriol warily and lightly powred on will kill them mightily Quicksilver with French Soap and a little Orpiment and some Vinegar of Squils and some Aloes doth much good For Syrons in the Teeth Some call the Worms that breed in mens teeth Syrones which they affirm have fallen forth like shavings of Lute-strings by the smoke of Henbane-seed received at the mouth Though I should truly deny that these shavings are Worms yet that Worms breed in rotten teeth Barbers and every man knowes Against venomous Syrones Abinzoar cals it the disease of Oxen between the flesh and skin there breeds a kinde of venomous Worms which raiseth no small tumour as great as a walnut wherein the Worm Syro lies hid he is venomous indeed though he be but little This disease neglected will kill He appoints the Remedy thus The place must be presently burnt with an actual cautery then apply lint with Barly-meal and sweet water when the pain of the burning is over the humour will fall being anointed with Unguent of Agrippa and oyl of Roses then wash the place with water of Honey and strew on powder of Roses and then using incarnatives close up the wound But if the part cannot be cauterized or cut take Lupine-meal Soot Pepper root of Endive each alike and bruising them all and wetting them with Alchitra fill half a Nut-shel with them and keep them on so long till the force of the medicament may penetrate to the Worm but great care must be had that no part be left bare without the shell A little creature called Nigua as Thevet imagineth doth much vex the West-Indian people It is saith he an Insect most offensive to mens hands far less than a Flea but breeds in the dust as a Flea doth De Lery was taken with the same oversight and was not ashamed to be mad with Thevet for company But Oviedus affirms that they breed between the skin and the flesh but especially they breed under the nails of the fingers into which place when once they are rooted the cause a swelling as great as a pease with a mighty itching and they multiply like to Nits Now if this worm be not timely pickt forth with its brood in a few daies this itching becomes a wonderful pain and the sick dye with the violence of the disease There is a Worm that breeds on the bodies of Hawks and Faulcons under the roots of their wings it is called Trocta we have left off to doubt any longer whether it be a Syron Acarus or Tinea or not by reading Albertus his Book wherein you may read a remedy for that disease at large Also as Bonaceiolus reports in the urines of some women with childe little red Worms called Syrones will be seen which are a certain argument of conception Dermestes is an Insect that will consume skins and from
Roses cures Kibe-heels Marcellus Serenus saith that when the nerves are cut in sunder it is good to lay on Earth-worms bruised with Hogs-grease that is old and rank Marcellus Empiricus adds Groundsel to the Hogs-grease and Earth-worms with the tender tops of Box with Frankincense and this he laies on the nerves cut or pain'd Pliny saith that the ashes of these and of a wilde Mouse laid on for a plaister with oyl of Roses is excellent for broken bones For the great pains of Horses in their nerves or joynts to help them Russius Absyrtus Didymus collect a great number of Earth-worms whence Cardan gathers that they will ease all pains Mundella affirms that contraction of the nerves will be cured if you anoint them with oyl of Camomil that is well replenished with Worms Marcellus saith that the same is done with Honey and Worms as before Aetius saith without doubt they are an excellent remedy for the Gowt boyled in oyl and a little wax so saith Marcellus but he sometimes mingles Honey with them Vigo for pains in the joynts makes a plaister of these and Frogs to which he adds Vipets-grease For pains of the joynts Take ashes of Worms iij. ounces oyl of Roses or Foxes what may suffice mingle them to an ointment Another that is singular Take the marrow of a Calfs leg compleat and old oyl of Roses iij. ounces Earth-worms cleansed with Wine and Salt ij ounces let them boyl in Balneo to the consistence of a Mucilage with this anoint the neck shoulders and the places where the pain is for it gives great help Pliny Marcellus anoints them with Honey and then he laies on the Mucilage prepared When any part is wasted and receives no nutriment cleansed Worms must be put into a glass very well luted that nothing may breathe forth and so set in a warm oven or in Balneo and they will then resolve into a clammy moisture an admirable remedy and approved for the Palsie of the limbs Take the ashes of tender Earth-worms iij. pounds Ginger Galanga of each iij. ounces with clarified Honey incorporate them for an Unguent with this for three nights together anoint the Patient binding his arms forcibly over his belly or stomach then cover him warm and let him beware of cold Jacobus de parma To drive away hoary hairs women use these ashes mingled with oyl whilest they comb their head as Pliny saith to whom Serenus subscribes in these verses Earth-worms and oyl of Olives free from cares They will preserve a man from hoary hairs We said before how they cure the Tooth-ache But further the powder of them rubb'd on will preserve the sound teeth and being injected will make rotten teeth though it be a grinder to fall forth especially if the tooth be first scarified and fill'd with powder well sprinkled on it Aetius Gal. 5. sec loc bids us do almost the same out of Archigenes Also they are good with the root of Mulberries boyled in Vinegar of Squils to wash the teeth For purulent Ears poured in with oyl they help much as Galen thinks and cure their inflamations being boyled with oyl of Roses Aetius If that your hearing fail an old disease Is cur'd with Earth-worms boyled with Ducks grease Serenus Myrepsus bruiseth Worms with some small quantity of the earth from whence they were taken and works them together and anoints that upon ears that are bruised Marcellus bruiseth them with oyl of Roses Celsus with oyl of Olives Faventinus for pains of the ears anointeth the outward parts with oyl of Earth-worms and also pours it into the inward parts Marcellus bids to bruise Leeks not planted but sowed odd in number and as many Worms together and boyl these in the best Oyl to thirds and he saith that this oyl put into the ears is very good for their greatest pains and deafness Abinzoar cures clefts of the hands and feet with oyl of Earth-worms For an old pain of the head they are held very excellent bruised with Vinegar Frankincense and Castoreum Galen for the same prepares in his Euporists such a Remedy Take xv Earth-worms as many grains of Pepper Vinegar what is sufficient mingle them smeer them on Another Take Earth-worms Mouse-dung white Pepper Myrrhe each half an ounce bruise and mingle them with Vinegar and anoint that part of the head that the pain lies on Myrepsus will have the Worms to be odd and to be taken only with the left hand and so superstitiously anointed If thou wouldst try saith Marcellus whether a swelling in thy neck be the Kings-evill lay a live Worm upon each swelling if it be a scrophulous tumour each Worm will turn to earth if not he will be alive and receive no hurt so saith Pliny also Earth-worms are a part of that noble Plaister of Arnoldus 2 Breviarii of a Rams skin or the bloud of a man that is red against the Rupture and Hollerius commends it to cure Enterocele and Epiplocele They also diminish the Stone both taken inwardly as also anointed on the share somewhat thick Gal. What concerns womens diseases bound to the neck they retain the birth but contrarily applied to the hips they draw the birth out and the secundine for they draw mightily wheresoever they are applied living Plin. Inflamations of the breasts Earth-worms alone laid on will cure for they concoct open draw forth and heal Alex. Benedict So Myrepsus makes a plaister of them bruised Lay on Earth-worms with Quinces or with dried Barley flour upon Breasts hardned or inflamed Aetius But if after delivery womens breasts swell and to use the words of Serenus If the swoln breasts do feel great pain Smeer them with Earth-worms 't will help them amain For they will concoct the Impostumes and suppurations of the breasts and after concoction will heal them and void out the matter For the Shingles the Indians saith Carolus Clusius make an unguent thus Take Earth-worms and feed them some time with leaves fine flour or flour and milk and when they are grown fat boyl them in an earthen vessel alwaies scumming them when they are strained boyl them again to the consistence almost of a plaister which well prepared will be almost of a yellow colour dissolve some part of this in distilled water of Roses and wash the part affected with it twice a day A most excellent remedy saith Clusius and proved by very long experience Pliny saith they will do the same in Vinegar who together with Aetius and Myrepsus affirms that Worms bruised and laid on the place a Scorpion hath stung are an admirable remedy for they presently ease the pain and correct the malignity of the tumour Oâ—l of Earth-worms is known by all to be good against divers infirmities and the Ancients made it thus Take Earth worms half a pound Oyl of Roses Omphacine two pound the best white wine two ounces let them boyl in balneo till the wine be consumed This cures the nerves relaxed contracted astonished cut in sunder or cooled
Gallia called Moschata Cloves sweet Cane Nutmeg Galanga Carway-seed of each twelve penny weight Hippocystis Acacia Sumach of each four penny weight oyl of Myrrhe juyce of Mints and Wax what sufficeth make a plaister If there be no Feaver the navil and thighs are to be anointed with Honey in a hot affect with Milk and then a little Aloes is strewed on for it wonderfully kils Worms also the nostrils are profitably anointed with Theriac and Vinegar A Cerate against Worms out of Paulus Take Aloes VVormwood Lupin-meal Seriphium Gith of each six scruples VVax an ounce and half oyl of Camomel what may suffice make them up being bruised dry with Buls gall Another out of Aetius Lupin-meal VVormwood in powder Barley in fine powder of each seven penny weight Buls gall eight penny weight rasping of Harts-horn four penny weight VVax twenty six penny weight weak oyl twelve penny weight Another approved Take Aloes half an ounce Saffron two oboli juyce of Pomecitrons as many drams mingle them with sweet white VVine and apply them to the heart Another approved Take Buls gall 30 penny weight choise Frankincense 128 penny weight Strong-water 2 heminae distil all these chymically and in a glass vessel covered with VVax keep what comes forth and use it when occasion is Another very excellent that kils and casts forth the Worms Take VVormwood Gentian Centory the less bark of the roots of Mulberies Bay-berries witâ— the kernels taken forth bark of the roots of the Pomgranate-tree Ash-root pils of each 16 penny weight Marjoram 14 penny weight Southernwood Aloes Myrrhe Agarick of each 12 penny weight Dittany of Crete Germander Savin of each 8 penny weight Poly-mountain Grass-roots each 10 penny weight Staechas Chamaedrys Chamaepity Pomecitron-seed each 6 penny weight ashes of Harts-horn Santonicum 4 penny weight Coloquintida-seed 2 penny weight Buls gall 24 penny weight the sharpest Vinegar 1 hemina and 3 cyathi a gallon of bitter oyl of unripe Olives and 6 heminae let the dry things be beaten into most fine powder and mingle them ten daies together on the eleventh day let them boyl in a double vessel until the Vinegar be consumed when these are cold add one hemina of oyl of Bayes bitter Almonds and Peach-kernels of each beaten 24 penny weight all these as the former must be put into a glass vessel and be distilled Another most excellent and sure Take Peach-kernels Garlick Earth-worms washed in Vinegar of each 24 penny weight Gentian Dittany of Crete Grass-roots and Piony pils of Mulberry roots pilled of each 52 penny weight Saffron sweet Cane Cloves Aloes Calbanes Coloquintida Ginger Nutmegs Cassia long Pepper Frankincense fruit of Balsome red Coral of each 8 penny weight the best Theriack 12 penny weight Mints Wormwood Centory the Less Peach-tree leaves headed Leeks Penniroyal Calamints Plantain Rue black Horehound Bay-leaves Sage Marjoram Betony Scordium Orange-pils and bark of Mulberry roots of each 16 penny weight seeds of wilde Smallage Purslain Radish Coleworts Santonicum Plantain headed Leeks sea Mosse garden Smallage that is Parsly each 12 penny weight the sharpest Vinegar juyce of Quinces of each one hemina oyl of Mastick Spike liquid Bitumen they call it Petroleum oyl of Bayes of each 16 penny weight the oldest Oyl or oyl omphacine 8 heminae beat the dry things to powder and mingle them and in a glased vessel set them under Horse-dung for a moneth then boyl them in a double vessel to thirds strain them when they are cold and straining them out forcibly keep in a glass what comes forth for your use But employ it thus first anoint the temples then the nostrils next that the spondyls of the neck four of them next the throat then anoint the pulses of the arms next to that the stomach I mean by the stomach the mouth of the ventricle taking the word stomach improperly for properly it signifies the throat wherein I must not passe over the error of our new Physicians who in affects of the mouth of the stomach lay their remedies upon the back over against it which is both contrary to Galen and also to reason 3. 10. de mâ—rb cur libro yet I believe Thomas Linacer did not rightly interpret that place if I be not mistaken who was indeed otherwise a very learned man and most skilful in the interpretation of Authors but it may be that Greek Book was faulty or for some other reason Also it seems agreeing to reason that for affects of the mouth of the stomach the remedies should be applied before immediately under that round gristle which they call the shield or sword-fashion gristle for at this place the mouth of the stomach best receives the force of Cataplasms and Cerats forasmuch as there are no bones to keep it off but the properly called stomach that is the throat is fenced with most strong bones as under a fence for it hath the brest bones before and the back behinde But this is spoken by the by Now between the wetting of one place and of another we must stay so long as a man might walk about 40 paces and when these places are wet we must use more distance of time when we anoint the reins and the navil And these three remedies are so certain that unless a childe be ready to die he will recover from the point of death only by anointing these parts That which is called the broad Worm abounds in those that have no Feaver and breeds in long during diseases The method to cure these is the same as for round Worms For bitter and sharp potions are most in use and to eat Garlick or Calamint Dittany or Penniroyal we must eat Garlick largely for three daies and old soft Cheese Next let a man eat of Macedonian Fern dried and powdred and sifted 8 penny weight with as much Honey as he please after four hours give the patient Aloes and Scammony of each one half dram in Honey-water 4 cyathi when he begins to rise to stool set hot water under Also give water to drink in which Lupins or the bark of Mulberry-tree is boyled or to which there is added a sawcer full of Pepper or bruised Hysop and a little Scammony or else after the eating of Garlick we speak of let him vomit and the next day let him gather as many Pomgranate roots as he can hold in his hand and bruise them and boyl them in 3 sextarii of water to a third part remaining let him put a little Nitre to this and drink it fasting three hours then past let him take two Potions either of water or salt pickle added to it Then pour forth the hot water into a bason as I said also give Earth-worms to drink for they are exceeding good But the juyce of mouse-ear is proper for them drank two cyathi with one cyathus of Ale for it quickly drives forth the broad Worms But this remedy following must first be drank nor is it thought unfit for
cloth and then put thereunto of Sugar one pound of Cinamon two ounces of Conserve of Roses of Barberries of Cherries of each two ounces and mingle them together and give the Horse every day in the morning a quart thereof luke warm untill all be spent and after every time he drinketh let him be walked up and down in the stable or else abroad if the weather be warm and not windy and let him neither eat nor drink in two hours after and let him drink no cold water but luke-warm the space of fifteen days and let him be fed by little and little with such meat as the Horse hath most appetite unto But if the Horse he nesh and tender and so wax lean without any apparent grief or disease then the old Writers would have him to be fed now and then with parched Wheat and also to drink Wine with his water and eat continually Wheat-bran mingled with his provender untill he wax strong and he must be often dressed and trimmed and ly soft without the which things his meat will do him but little good And his meat must be fine and clean and given often and by little at once Russius saith that if a Horse eating his meat with good appetite doth not for all that prosper but is still lean then it is good to give him Sage Savin Bay-berries Earth-nuts and Boares-grease to drink with Wine or to give him the intrails of a Barbel or Tench with white Wine He saith also that sodden Beans mingled with Bran and Salt will make a lean Horse fat in very short space Of grief in the Breast LAurentius Russius writeth of a disease called in Italian Gravezza di petto which hath not been in experience amongst our Farriers that I can learn It comes as Russius saith of the superfluity of bloud or other humors dissolved by some extream heat and resorting down the breast paining the Horse so as he cannot well go The cure whereof according to Russius is thus Let him bloud on both sides of the breast in the accustomed veins and rowel him under the breast and twice a day turn the rowels with your hand to move the humors that they may issue forth and let him go so roweled the space of fifteen days Of the pain in the Heart called Anticor that is to say contrary to the Heart THis proceedeth of abundance of ranck bloud bred with good feeding and over much rest which bloud resorting to the inward parts doth suffocate the heart and many times causeth swellings to appear before the brest which will grow upward to the neck and then it killeth the Horse The signes The Horse will hang down his head in the manger for saking his meat and is not able to lift up his head The cure according to Martin is thus Let him bloud on both sides abundantly in the plat veins and then give him this drink Take a quart of Malmsie and put thereunto half a quartern of Sugar and two ounces of Cinamon and give it him luke-warm then keep him warm in the stable stuffing him well about the stomach that the wind offend him no manner of way and give him warm water with mault always to drink and give him such meat as he will eat And if the swelling do appear then besides letting him bloud strike the swelling in divers places with your fleam that the corruption may go forth and anoint the place with warm Hogs grease and that will either make it to wear away or else to grow to a head if it be covered and kept warm Of tired Horses BEcause we are in hand here with the vital parts and that when the Horses be tired with over-much labour their vital spirits wax feeble I think it best to speak of them even here not with long discoursing as Vegetius useth but briefly to shew you how to refresh the poor Horse having need thereof which is done chiefly by giving him rest warmth and good feeding as with warm mashes and plenty of provender And to quicken his spirits it shall be gâ—od to pour a little Oyl and Vinegar into his nostrils and to give him the drink of Sheeps heads recited before in the Chapter of Consumption of the flesh yea and also to bath his legs with this bath Take of Mallows of Sage of each two or three handfuls and of a Rose-cake boil these things together and being boyled then put unto it a good quantity of Butter or of Sallet-oyl Or else make him this charge Take of Bole Armony and of Wheat-flowre of each half a pound and a little Rozen beaten into powder and a quart of strong Vinegar and mingle them together and cover all his legs therewith and if it be Summer turn him to grass Of the diseased parts under the Midriff and first of the Stomach THe old Authors make mention of many diâ—eases incident to a Horses stomach as loathing of meat spewing up his drink surfeting of provender the hungry evil and such like which few of our Farriers have observed and therefore I will briefly speak of as many as I think necessary to be known and first of the loathing of meat Of the loathing of Meat A Horse may loath his meat through the intemperature of his stomach as for that it is too hot or too cold If his stomach be too hot then most commonly it will either inflame his mouth and make it to break out in blisters yea and perhaps cause some Cancker to breed there The cure of all which things hath been taught before But if he forsake his meat only for very heat which you shall perceive by the hotness of his breath and mouth then cool his stomach by giving him cold water mingled with a little Vinegar and Oyl to drink or else give him this drink Take of Milk and of Wine of each one pinte and put thereunto three ounces of Mel Rosatum and wash all his mouth with Vinegar and Salt If his stomach be too cold then his hair will stare and stand right up which Absyrtus and others were wont to cure by giving the Horse good Wine and Oyl to drink and some would seethe in Wine Rew or Sage some would adde thereunto white Pepper and Myrrhe some would give him Onyons and Rocket-seed to drink with Wine Again there be other some which prescribe the bloud of a young Sow with old Wine Absyrtus would have the Horse to eat the green blades of Wheat if the time of the year will serve for it Columella saith that if a Horse or any other Beast do loath his meat it is good to give him Wine and the seed of Gith or else Wine and stampt Garlick Of casting out his Drink VEgetius saith that the Horse may have such a Palsie proceeding of cold in his stomach as he is not able to keep his drink but many times to cast it out again at his mouth The remedy whereof is to let him bloud in the neck and to