Assimilation into the substance of the Body CHAP. LVII Of a Cough and Consumption and their Cures IN thin distillations Linctus made of Syrup of Jujubes Coltsfoot The Cure of thin Distillations dried Roses mixed with powder of Gum-Tragacanth Arabick are very profitable In great Catarrhs flowing from hot thin recrements of the Blood incrassating Pectorals mixed with Syrup of Red Poppy de Meconio and drops of liquid Laudanum Cydoniatum are proper which do thicken the thin acide Humors and hinder distillations and in this case Balsome of Peru and Tolu are very beneficial As also Tablets of Red Roses prepared with Diacodium and Trochisces prepared with Extracts of Liquorice and Sulphur which do restore the loose Compage of Blood to its due tone and preserve it from superabundant serous Recrements flowing in too great fusion As to the Second Indication Gentle Purgatives mixed with Pectorals as proper in Coughs in reference to discharge the Recrements of the Blood fitted for Secretion gentle Purgatives of Manna Syrup of Peach-Flowers added to pectoral Decoctions prepared with Senna may be administred and afterward Diureticks made with Roots of Dogs-grass wild Asparagus Bruscus Leaves of Golden-rod with the cooling Seeds and Millepedes boiled in water to which when strained a little White-wine and Syrup of the Five opening Roots may be added In this case also testaceous Powders of Crabs-Eies and Claws of Pearl Coral c. may be given which take off the acidity of the Blood and promote Sweats which are proper in the beginning of a Cough when Bleeding and Purging have been celebrated The Third Indication is satisfied in corroborating the Lungs Corroborated Medicines are good in Laxe Lungs by shutting up the too much opened Pores of the Bronchia and their Sinus whereby their loose Compage is rendred more firm by pectoral Medicines mixed with gentle astringents made of the Roots of Tormentil Cumphrey Daysies mingled with the Leaves of Bugles Prunel c. boiled in Barley water and after straining it may be sweetned with Syrup of dried Roses Coral c. These and the like Medicines strengthen the weak frame of the Lungs and hinder the motion of hot thin recrements of Blood by Incrassation which is also effected by Linctus prepared with Syrup of Field-Poppy dried Roses de Meconio mixed with the species of cold Diatragacanth to which may be added some drops of Laudanum liquidum an excellent Medicine in Distillations falling into the Air-vessels which are generated by thin hot or acide Recrements of the Blood Before I Treat of the Cure of a Consumption The causes of a Cough I shall endeavour to speak more fully of a Cough and particularly of the Chincough of Children Coughs as I humbly conceive proceed chiefly from gross Phlegme which is crude Chyme running confused with the Blood and is transmitted through the more loose Compage of the Bronchia and their annexed Sinus into their Cavities by the terminations of the Bronchial and pulmonary Arteries or else the Blood growing sower like Milk as Dr. Willis phrazeth it doth quit its native sweet Ingeny and its serous parts are brought into a Fluor by exalted saline Particles whereupon the acide Recrements being thin and Fluide do easily insinuate themselves through the pores of the Air-vessels into their Cavities so that their membranous substance composed of numerous nervous Fibrils finely interwoven is very sensible of the burden of Recrements lodged in their bosom and do contract their Right fleshy Fibres drawing the annular Cartilages of the Bronchia closer to each other and do move their circular carnous Fibres inward thereby narrowing the Cavities of the Cylinders of Air with a strong impulse of Breath in Expiration whereby the Faeces of the Blood oppressing the Bronchia are violently ejected into the Mouth Another kind of Cough Of a Chin-cough with Convulsive motions called vulgarly the Chin Cough afflicteth Children with severe repeated Fits in which they are acted with Convulsive motions producing a great difficulty of Breathing even almost to Suffocation interrupting suspending or perverting the choice Oeconomy of Nature in the acts of Respiration and for the most part the Midriffe is Convulsed either of it self or by the agitation of the adjacent parts so that it seemeth to lose its motion in extraordinary pauses either by intermitting sometimes its Systole and other times its Diastole for too great a space beside the order of Nature so that the acts of Respiration seem now and then to cease and other times to be disorderly as performed in a Convulsive manner The continent cause of the Chincough is most sharp The continent cause of a Chincough and almost a continued irritation of the Bronchia of the Lungs from thin sharp recrements of the Blood producing many repeated Contractions of the fleshy Fibres to discharge the load lodged within the many Concave surfaces of the Pipes The matter of the Chincough seemeth to be a quantity of thin sharp recrements of the Blood perpetually distilling out of the terminations of the Arteries into the Cavities of the Bronchia and uncessantly provoking the nervous and fleshy Fibres of the Lungs to expel the Acide Faeces of the Blood having a great recourse to them And I humbly conceive The cause of Convulsive motions in a Chincough the cause of the Convulsive motions of the nervous Fibrils in the Chincough to be an ill nervous Liquor full of Elastick parts derived from the Brain and communicated to the nervous Fibrils of the Bronchia Therefore in this Disease not only the recrements of the Blood as in other Coughs but the depraved nervous Liquor is to be amended also which produceth Convulsive agitations of the machines of motion in the Breast In this case Moss of the pale and other Moss in divers preparations is often given sometimes it is powdered and mixed with Sugar-Candy and taken in some proper pectoral Decoction or simple Waters of Hysop Ooltsfoot Powder of Moss is also mingled with Milk of Sulphur and used in the said Vehicles as also boiled in Milk Moss in reference to its taste seemeth to be endued with an astringent quality whereby it shutteth up the too much dilated pores of the Bronchia and annexed membranous Cells and restraineth the Flux of thin and hot Recrements of the Blood into the Cavities of the Air-pipes Sometimes a gentle Vomitory of Oxymel of Squills proveth very successful in the Chincough as also Syrup of Peach-Flowers mingled with Simple or some Compound Briony-water is of great benefit Decoctions of Sarza-parilla and China may be taken Diet-drinks are proper in this Disease instead of Beer for an ordinary Drink as boiled in Water with Raisons of the Sun and a little Liquorice Blood letting is good in a Cough relating to a plethorick Constitution of body infused a moment or two Children endued with plethorick Constitutions as abounding with great store of Blood will admit of Bleeding to two or three Ounces with
with various irregular motions An Asthma also may come from the obstruction of the Origens of the Nerves seated in the Cortex of the Brain An Asthma may come from the Origens of the Nerves obstructed proceeding often from a quantity of Blood as in soporiferous Disaffections compressing the extremities of the Nerves whence the intercostal Muscles play with great difficulty making a deplorable Asthma Sometimes an Asthma may proceed from the narrowness of the Blood-vessels as not able to give a free reception to the mass of Blood An Asthma flowing from narrow Sanguiducts which happen in Convulsive Asthmas wherein the circular fleshy Fibres being unnaturally contracted do lessen the Cavity of the Vessels and hinder the motion of Blood whence ensueth a great difficulty of Respiration An Asthma may proceed from a great quantity of Blood other times an Asthma may be fetched from a great quantity of Blood distending the Blood-vessels which compress the neighbouring Bronchia and Sinus of the Lungs and highly discompose Respiration as the numerous receptacles of Air being straightened in their Cavities are not able to entertain a sufficient quantity of Air in one Inspiration whereupon the Lungs are acted with double and treble Diastoles and Systoles to make good Respiration Another Asthma may be produced by an ill conformation of the Breast An Asthma may come from an ill Conformation of the Breast as affected with narrowness hindring the free play of the Lungs in Respiration Sometimes it proceedeth from the Organs of motion consigned by nature to the inlargment of the hollow perimeter of the Thorax in order to celebrate Inspiration made by the help of the Diaphragme and intercostal Muscles The Coats are hindred in their Contractions The intercostal Muscles cannot play when the animal Spirits are intercepted The intercostal Muscles are hindred in their motion in their inflammation An Asthma coming from ill Air. either in the interception of the Animal Spirits not flowing into the Nerves of the said Muscles caused by the compression of the extremity of the Nerves in the ambient parts of the Brain as it hath been hinted above in a former Discourse The intercostal Muscles are also hindred in their motion in an Inflammation caused by a quantity of Blood lodged in the Interstices of Vessels compressing the carnous Fibres which doth hinder their free play and render Respiration difficult An Asthma also may be fetched from variety of Air either on the tops of high Mountains where we hardly breath in an Air not impregnated with store of nitrous Particles Or when it is gross and stagnant in Fenny places whose watry parts depress the nitrous where persons affected with ill masses of Blood labour with great difficulty of Breathing which is also celebrated in a close hot room and in a Church filled with a great croud of People spoiling the Air with fuliginous steams The Cure of this Disease is chiefly managed by three Indications The Three Indications in an Asthma the one in reference to the Blood and the other in relation to the motive Organs of Respiration and a Third in point of Convulsive motions belonging to the disaffections of the Brain and Nerves If the Blood offend in quantity Bleeding is proper in an Asthma a Vein is to be opened in the Arm with a free Hand and in case of an Effervescence of the Blood temperate Pectorals and cooling Emulsions are to be advised If the Blood be gross as confaederated with a crude Chyme productives of an Asthma by reason the Phlegme is thick lentous and clammy it indicates attenuating inciding and detergent Pectorals made of the Roots of Iris Enula-Campane Asparagus Dogs-grass Hysop Horehound of which some may be boiled in Water to which Four Ounces of White Wine may be added and being strained it may be sweetened with Syrup of the Five opening Roots of Hysop Maidenhair A Linctus may be made of Oxymel of Squills Saffron Gum Armoniack dissolved in Hysop water which is good in this disaffection as also Spirit of Harts-horn given in a pectoral Decoction Sometimes an Asthma may proceed from a gross Blood Bleeding is good when the Blood stagnates in the substance of the Lungs as being stagnant in the Interstices of the Vessels and afterward its motion is again procured upon Bleeding which taketh off an Inflammation and giveth freedom of Breathing by making good the circulation of Blood An instance may be given of this Case An Instance of this Case in Mr. Ainsworth a Dyer who being in the Sixty seventh year of his age was roughly treated by a rude fellow who had more of Drink then Wit tripping up his Heels and breaking his Ribs by a great fall as being a fat heavy Man whereupon he being let blood he seemed to be partly well for a day or two and then was highly oppressed with a great difficulty of Breathing and ratling in his Throat even almost to a Suffocation attended with an intermittent Pulse proceeding from the gross Blood In order to his relief I immediately ordered him to be let Blood Twelve Ounces out of the Arm and pectoral Apozemes and Lambitives made of Oil of Linseed and Sugar-Candy as also of several sorts of opening pectoral Syrups and various Oxymels and after letting him Blood the Third time his Asthma and intermittent Pulse were wholly quieted and the Patient God be praised hath enjoyed his Health these many years In case of great store of watry Humors afflicting the Bronchia Gentle Purgatives may be proper to discharge the watry Recrements of the Blood clogging the Lungs and Sinus of the Lungs gentle Hydragogues may be advised with Pectorals as also pectoral Apozemes mixed with Diureticks and Antiscorbuticks which speak a great advantage in an Asthma accompanied with a Dropsy with which may be mixed Spirits endued with volatil as also Millepedes added to the former Medicines As to the Organs of Respiration as the Diaphragme c. which being disaffected I refer you to their particular Cures The Third Indication of an Asthma Convulsive motions in Asthmas may be cured by proper cephalick Medicines relating to Convulsive motions proceeding from an ill Succus Nervosus denoteth Cephalick Medicines of distilled Waters made of Lime-Flowers Lilly of the Valley Peony the cephalick Water of Langius Compound Paeony and Briony-water dulcified with Syrup of Lime-Flowers Lilly of the Valley Paeony to which may be added some drops of Palsey-water Spirit of Salt Salt Ammoniack Harts-horn c. distilled with Gum Ammoniack Vesicatories are very beneficial in this and all other kinds of Asthmas which do much alleviate a difficulty of Breathing which is also effected by the application of Cupping-Glasses O Most Good and Glorious Agent Who shall Declare thy wondrous Works that hath made all things in elegant Order due Number Weight and Measure And hast framed the Midriffe as a moving Floor enlarging and contracting the Breast and the Mediastine as a Partition-Wall dividing the
yet the Fever continued higher which shews it is to be essential as remanent after the Small Pox were gone upon which I passed a Prognostick of great and eminent danger That notwithstanding proper Medicines having been Administred yet the Fever grew more violent accompanied with ill Symptoms of a quick tremulous Pulse and a Delirium so that the Patient plainly appeared to be in a desperate Condition whereupon the Friends of the Patient sent for Drop Doctor Goddard who smiled when I told him the great danger the Sick Person was in assuring himself of a Cure by his Infallible Drops as he thought them whereupon I left my Patient because his Friends having a great opinion of the Drop Doctor were desirous to commit him solely to his Care which proved very unsuccessful and gave me a high discomposure because within two or three days my former Patient was lost as well as my Friend notwithstanding the Promise the confident Doctor had made of his recovery for which he had little Reason and less Art In an orderly and kindly Small Pox Few Medicines are sufficient in a kindly Small Pox wherein a thin Diet is to be prescribed and the great part of the Cure is to be recommended to Nature and careful attendants some few gentle Medicines may be given for four or five days to assist Nature to throw out the ill Matter by the Capillary Arteries into the Cutaneous Glands and when the Small Pox are well come out in distinct Conical Tumours and beginning to fill it is unnecessary to make any farther Medicinal Applications and to advise only a thin temperate Diet and that the Patient would repose himself in Bed lest Transpiration being checked by the coldness of the Ambient Air and the Cutaneous Pores be straightned and the recourse of ill Matter be stopped into the confines of the Skin But in the Flux Pox the care must be equal to the danger which is very great and needs the assistance of an Industrious and Skilful Physitian who must make it his business to observe the motion of the Disease which appears first in very small Pimples and therefore it is called vulgarly the Pin Pox which rise slowly a great argument of Malignity in the Distemper proceeding from a hot Serous Liquor which being thin is not apt to settle in the Ambient parts of the Body but is speedily reconveyed by the Cutaneous Veins into the Mass of Blood and in order to prevent the retrograde motion of the Matter which being hot and thin moderately cooling and thickning Medicines are to be prescribed that when the Humours of the Small Pox arrive the surface of the inward Skin they may be there deteined and fixed to fill up the Skin and render the Small Pox fairer If the Patient be restless in the Flux Pox Opiates and thickning Medicines are to be given to Patients wanting rest whose Blood is over acted with too high an Ebullition and by tossing and tumbling up and down the Bed do disquiet himself and raise the Fermentation of the Blood by growing hot procured by frequent and troublesome motions of the Body made every minute from place to place gentle Opiats are to be advised as drops of Laudanum Liquidum or Syrupe of Poppy in a proper Vehicle to compose the Patient to rest and to give an allay to the too much advanced Fermentation of the Blood And that the Peccant Humours the Materia substrata of the Small Pox being rendred more sedate in its motion may grow cool and thick and apt to reside in the confines of the Body and afterward the outward Skin will rise as being big with gross Matter The Flux Pox if not well mannaged by Art The Flux Pox is very dangerous and to be managed by a skilful Hand giving gentle Sudorificks at first mixed with cooling and incrassating Medicines is a most dangerous Disease because the Blood is so much enraged in a troublesome Fermentation that it is very difficult to govern it and make it regular by most proper Medicines and is very often attended with a dangerous continued Fever which is an associate of this ill kind of Small Pox during all its several motions of beginning increase state and declination signifying gentle Cordial Medicines that do reduce the Effervescence of the tumultuary Blood into a moderate temper wherein it being incrassated by proper Pharmacy doth stagnate in the outward confines of the inward Skin breaking into numerous Pustles which being indurated into Scabs speak a happy period to this nasty Disease And this may be prosperously accomplished by a most diligent inspection into the Nature and Motioos of this Disease wherein I have often observed that high Cordials are unsuccessful because they raise the Fermentation too high and render the Distemper dangerous whereupon I have frequently advised with good success cooling and incrassating Medicines and a thin refreshing Diet of Small-beer boiled and raw Beer made as warm as the Blood and Posset Drink made with Harts-horn shavings without Marigold-flowers and Saffron which are good in a kindly Small Pox but too hot in these and thin Water-grewel Barley-grewel thin Panada Barley-cream made with Pearl Barley pounded in a Morter and boiled in a great quantity of Water till half be consumed which being streined the Liquor is to be added to twelve Almonds blanched and pounded till their vertue is extracted and then the streined Liquor is to be sweetned with Sugar and drank as occasion serveth Which is a fine cooling Aliment easie of Digestion and proper for this fiery Disease which is often attended with large evacuations of Salival Liquor resembling a Salivation raised by Art and is to be promoted with Opening Attenuating and Clea sing Gargarisms that the Parotides Tonsils and numerous Glands besetting the Mouth and Palate may be encouraged to spue out freely the venome of the Disease by their Excretory Vessels into the cavities of the Mouth Therefore Thickning and astringent Gargarisms are ill in the Flux Pox which hinder the evacuation of salival Liquor by the Oral Glands I most humbly beg that all Incrassating and Astringent Gargarisms may be forborn which do render the spittle more thick and clammy and do shut up the Orifices of the Excretory Ducts relating to the Oral Glands and do intercept the currents of salival Liquor into the Mouth and detein the matter of the Flux Pox in the Mass of Blood rendring it more fierce and the Disease more deplorable A Gentlewoman fell sick in the Strand in Westminster and was afflicted with a high Fever associated with a great pain of her Head and Back for whom I advised gentle Cordials and an easie thin and cooling Diet to charm the great Ebullition of Blood and about the fifth day the doleful symptoms of the Flux Pox appeared discovering it self in most minute red Pimples proceeding from a thin serous Liquor which being thickned by proper Medicines was transmitted through the Cutaneous Glands and their Excretories
and Spirit in Distillation but when the Saline associated with Spirituous Atomes are rendred Volatil they are somewhat freed from the strict combination of Sulphur and Earth As it is evident in the Distillation of Wine after it is made fine by parting with its gross and earthy Lees fallen to the bottom of the Cask whereupon out of Wine secerned from its Faeces the Spirituous and Volatil parts will easily ascend and a Spirit of Wine may be readily extracted The Liquors expatiating themselves in the body of Animals The Liquors in the Bodies of Animals hold some proportion with those of Vegetables and especially in a Humane Body may have some analogy in their Fermentation with those of Vegetables whereupon the Liquors of our Bodies are endued with a moderate Fixation when first the Chyle is duly elaborated in the Stomach by the help of good Air Meats of easie Concoction and proper Ferments of Serous and Nervous Liquor distilling out of the Arteries and Nerves inserted into the inward Tunicle of the Stomach into the Cavity of the Ventricle whereby the well digested Chyle being secerned by a kind of Precipitation from the gross Saline and Sulphureous and earthy Faeces is transmitted through the Intestines wherein it is farther Concocted by the Pancreatick Juice and Arterial and Nervous Liquor by which the Chyle being rendred more attenuated is carried through the Thorax by proper Lacteae into the Subclavian Veins where it espousing the Blood in a near union receiveth a farther Exaltation and is assimilated into Vital Liquor whose more mild parts associated with Nervous Juice Nutrition of the solid parts is made by Assimilation become a good Succus Nutricius which being conveyed by innumerable Pores into the solid parts is made one uniform substance with them by Accretion But if upon the reception of highly salted Meat dried in the Sun or Smoak and other Meat hard of Digestion by reason the Succulent parts are dried up by the Salt and Smoak a crude Milky Humour is extracted The crudity of Chyle is produced by the Compage of the Aliment not duly opened because the too solid Compage of the Aliment is not duly opened by a gross Air a faint heat and ill Ferments of the Stomach whereby the Chyle is not well separated from the gross Saline Sulphureous and earthy Elements of the Meat and Drink whereupon the Intestines by reason of an impure Pancreatick Liquor and other ill Ferments do not attenuate the Chyle which is imported through the Breast into the Vital Liquor wherein it is not exalted by a dispirited Blood affected with gross Sulphureous and fixed Saline Atomes which being transmitted into the Interstices of the Vessels do highly torture the Membranous and Nervous parts of the Muscles producing a Rheumatism This Disease doth not only proceed from the fixed Saline parts of the Blood but from a depraved Nervous Liquor A Rheumatism proceedeth from ill Blood and Nervous Liquor which may be backed by probable Reason because Persons liable to Rheumatisms are often afflicted with Nervous disaffections as gentle rigors dispersed through the Membranous and Muscular parts of the Body which are a kind of Convulsive Motions seated in the Nervous and Tendinous Fibres involuntarily contracted by some sharp Humours And again the unnatural Contractions of Nerves proceed from a disaffected Nervous Liquor of which this Conjecture may be made because these Convulsive Motions were attended with the excretion of Urine as salt as Vinegar an Argument that part of the Acid Particles affecting the Nerves were discharged by Urine which were first secerned in the Glands and afterward imparted by the Veins or Lymphaeducts to the Mass of Blood carried by the Descendent Trunk of the Aorta and Emulgent Artery into the Glands of the Kidney where it is severed from the Blood and transmitted by the Urinary Ducts and Papillary Caruncles terminating into the Pelvis the entrance into the Ureters by which it is conveyed into the Bladder and so out of the Body by the Urethra Furthermore it may be conjectured An ill Nervous Liquor the cause of a Rheumatism That this Disease may partly borrow its production from vitiated Nervous Liquor disaffecting the sensible parts Because in the beginning of Rheumatisms Patients are often troubled with Dulness and pains of their Heads attended with Sleepiness which may come from a depraved Animal Liquor disaffecting the Coats of the Brain whence upon good grounds we may be induced to believe that a Rheumatism is not wholly derived from a disordered Mass of Blood but also from a Nervous Juice impraegnated with Saline Particles brought to a Fluor thereby rendred Acid whereupon the fixed saline parts of the Vital entring into a confaederacy with the Animal Liquor do raise brisk Fermentations exasperating the Membranes Nervous and Tendinous Fibres of the Muscles whence ensueth a high discomposure and torture of the Sensible parts So that the igredients of a Rheumatism may be truly judged the Fermentative part of the Nervous and Vital Liquor As to the Prognosticks of this Disease it is rarely attended with fatal Symptoms and after the great storms of disquiet and pain are allayed A Rheumatism is not dangerous a Calm ensueth and therefore a Rheumatism is not in it self liable to great danger but is a kind of Preservative as by its mediation other Diseases are discharged and the most discomposed Patient afterward is restored to Health by reason the Matter of the Disease the saline and acid Recrements most offensive to the inward and noble parts are discharged into the outward and into the upper and lower Limbs to secure the principles of Life from the assaults of a troublesome and impetuous Enemy Sometimes in a Rheumatism A Rheumatism flowing from saline and earthy parts concreted into a Chalky substance these fixed Saline in combination with earthy Particles are concreted into a Chalky substance accompanied with Extravasated Blood sometime tending to Suppuration which being of a Caustick nature doth corrode the Fleshy parts and Skin through which the Chalky Matter is discharged A Person of Honesty keeping a Livery Stable in the Strand was highly afflicted with a Rheumatism productive of divers Swellings in the Muscular parts accompanied with violent pains These Tumours proceeded from Saline and Earthy parts Concreted which did vent themselves very freely with Ulcerous Matter in divers parts of the Body and upon Blood-letting and Purging and Diet Drinks of Sarsaparilla and China boiled in Water and streined and mixed with new Milk the Pains were taken away and the Ulcers Cured by gentle detersive and drying Topicks and the Patient perfectly recovered his Health which he hath enjoyed for some Years Sometimes a Rhematism long afflicting a weak Chachectick Body A Rheumatism associated with an Atrophy vitiateth the Ferments of the Stomach producing an ill Chyle and Mass of Blood causing an Atrophy of the whole Body A Knight a Person of great Worth and Integrity being of a weak Constitution
the most sensible nervous Filaments A young Child of an Apothecary in Southwark was highly afflicted in his Bowels which gave him great pain and inquietude bringing a close to the Tragedy of his dolorous Life Whereupon the inward Recesses of the lower Venter being inspected and the Guts opened they were found universally turgid with bilious Humors flowing from the Liver the Colatory of the Blood which was highly tinged with Choler dispersed through the whole mass of vital Liquor In order to the cure of this sucking Child I prescribed to the Nurse many proper Medicines good against Wind and to refine and sweeten the Milk and very aperitive of the Liver and also advised the Nurse to take Possets Water-gruel Barley-gruel Broths c. and to forbear all Flesh Meat during the great illness of the Child These pricking pains Pricking Colick pains may proceed from ill pancreatick and billions Recrements accompanying the Colick are oftentimes the sad consequence of Acide pancreatick Liquour confederated with sharp bilious Recrements which being endued with contrary Elements of most different dispositions flowing from Acide and Saline Particles doe make great effervescences and raise high storms in the Cells of the Colon wherein they are confined and offer intolerable violations to the fine nervous Compage of the Guts by lacerating and disjoyning their Filaments whence ensue great tortures the sad associates of this turbulent Distemper An East-India Merchant of a gross Body and a high mass of Blood accompanied with much Choler and other Recrements fell into violent Colick pains at his Countrey-House about Ten miles from London and sent for me presently after the beginning of the Storm which was so highly afflictive that it caused him frequently to cry out like a Woman in Travail Whereupon I advised the most proper Medicines to give him ease as carminative Clysters mixed with Purgatives and Fomentations consisting of emollients and discutients as Leaves of Mallows March-Mallows St. Johns-wort Centaury the less Wormwood and Linseed Faenugreke Seed Juniper Berries and Bay-Berries of Chamaemel Elder and Melilote boiled in Water to which being streined was added Spirit of Wine which at last gave Ease and the Patient discharged a quantity of Choler mixed with pancreatick Liquor which made such an Ebullition so that the liquid Recrements coming away with the Clyster fermented like new Balme As to the Cure of this Colick The cure of a Colick coming from acide Recrements doth denote Testaceous Powders to be taken with antiscorbutick Apozemes caused by acide pancreatick Liquor it indicates testaceous Powders of prepared Pearl Coral Crabs Eies and Claws Egg-shells c. as also Antimonium Diaphoreticum which being given with Antiscorbutick Apozemes do correct the Acidity of the pancreatick Juyce As to the acrimony of bilious Humors they may be tempered with acide and oily Medicines and Emulsions made of Barley cooling White Poppey Seed and blaunched Almonds dulcified with fine Sugar Colick pains may proceed from a great load of gross and dry Faeces Colick pains from a quantity of gross Faeces lodged in the Cavity of the Guts lodged in the Cavity of the Guts caused by the want of Choler suppressed by the obstruction of the haepatick Duct which is instituted by nature to solicite the expulsion of Excrements which being long detained in great quantity do disorder the Guts by an over great Extension which may be frequently seen in dead Bodies dissected upon Colick pains Colick pains called by the Latines Dolores tensivi A Colick from the inflation of the Bowels a flatibus membranas coli distendentibus do arise from a great quantity of flatulent Matter seated in the Cells of the Colon whence ensueth a great distention of this great Gut composed of many nervous Fibrils flowing from inflation made by a great deal of thin Matter of an expansive Nature which is often confined within the Cavity of the Guts by a quantity of hard Excrements hindring its passage through the Intestines And before I Treat any more of the progress of this Disease I will endeavour to give some account of the flatulent Matter its Pedigree and Causes if it be considered in a natural State it may prove serviceable to the Intestines as it is mild and grateful The Tenseness of the Guts from a mild Flatus arising out of Chyle as a gentle Flatus is generated out of laudable Chyle Whereupon it giveth no trouble or discomposure to the Guts by immoderate inflation but rendreth them more active and vigorous by giving them a greater Tenseness by which the peristaltick Motion is assisted in reference to the expulsion of Excrements The Colick Disease is attended with a worse Flatus An unkindly Flatus proceeding from a crude Chyle and from ill Ferments of the Guts which is praeternatural and is produced by Vapours as a Materia substrata arising out of crude Chyle in the Guts and by the heat and ill Ferments of the Acide pancreatick Juyce and acrimonious Bile and Serous and Nervous fermentative efficient Causes consisting of Acide Saline and Sharp Particles raising disorderly effervescences in time of concocting Chyle in the Intestines whence are propagated turbulent Vapours which being more and more rarefied by the heat of the Guts do acquire greater degrees of Volatility Flatus is derived from Vapours rendred Volatil and endued with Elastick Particles of an expansive nature and are at last turned into a flatulent windy Matter made of elastick Particles which being of a springy Expansive temper is not willing to be confined within narrow limits and is naturally ambitious to expatiate and embody it self with Air as near akin to it in point of its elastick Principles giving it a power to dilate it self Whereupon flatulent Matter being violently detained within and compressed by the straight Confines of the Guts doth endeavour to its utmost to break prison by making first a great distention and afterwards a laceration of the Intestines whence arise great agonies of pains and sometimes Convulsive Motions by irritating the nervous and carnous Fibres to great Contractions to ease themselves of the importunate sollicitations of a troublesome Flatus making violent appulses upon the tender Walls of the Guts composed of numerous fine Filaments which are forcibly parted from each other by Elastick Expansive attempts of the flatulency endeavouring to break the Coats of the Guts and make its way by inflation And one great cause of a Flatus giving a high pain and trouble A Flatus giveth pain to the tender Fibres of the Bowels by overmuch extending them is its Confinement within the narrow compass of the Guts so that it is not capable to make its way through them into the more open Air to incorporate with it Whereupon the tender Compage of the Intestines integrated of most sensible Filaments and the carnous Fibres nearly adjoyning the nervous Coat being drawn into consent do contract themselves and thereby lessen the Cavity of the Guts and render
Laminae or Plates making up the curious Compage of this salutary Stone commonly called Bezoar The Glands of the Liver The Glands of the Liver petrified have been often discerned upon Dissections to be petrified which is derived from gross Blood carried by the Branches of the Porta into the Parenchyma of the Liver depraved with fixed Salt and earthy Atomes embodied with a Lapidescent Juice turning the Glands of the Liver resembling Cubes in Figure into a stony substance But by reason some may conceive the Petrification of the Glands relating to the Liver may be produced by the gross parts of Choler petrified in the Excretory Vessels appertaining to the Bladder of Gall and Porus Bilarius taking their rise in the Glandulous part of the Liver I will take the freedom to propound another Instance of Stones lodged in the Ventricles of the Heart which can proceed from no other cause as I apprehend but from the Tartar of the Blood confaederated with a petrifying Juice coagulating it into Stones Stones have been discerned by Sennertus Stones generated in the Brain and Skenchius in the Ambient parts of the Brain which I judg to be produced by the Saline and Earthy parts of crude Nervous Liquor generated in the Cortex of the Brain embodied with a petrifying Spirit concreting the crass parts of the Succus Nutricius into Stones Stones are not only propagated from crude Chyle Stones propagated from various Liquors of the Body as having a Lapidescent Juice Vital and Nervous Liquor but from the Recrements of the Blood the Pancreatick Bilious and Serous Liquor whose Tartar espouseth a Lapidescent Juice which are coagulated into Stones lodged in the Pancreas Bladder of Gall Kidneys and Bladder of Urine which I conceive is made after this manner This first beginning is very small at first derived from Saline and Earthy parts of different Liquors accompanied with a Lapidescent Juice and afterward acquireth greater and greater Dimensions by the access of new Tartar formed into thin stony Accretions which encircle one another in the manner of fine Flakes which is very evident in Bezoar and in Stones of the Kidney Bladder of Urine and Gall c. which being gently broken into pieces the Stones may be seen to be integrated of many fine Laminae or thin Plates enwrapping each other in elegant order which is very pleasant to behold CHAP. XXVI The Stone of the Kidneys and its Cures THe Stone in the Kidney in a Person of Honour was broken into pieces in the taking out of its Bed as being of a friable nature and was formed of divers unevennesses defacing its outward Surface in irregular Figures somewhat resembling a Race of Ginger The Stone consisting of many thin Flakes and was like a Race of Ginger This Stone was composed of numerous thin Plates the outermost being araied with a dark hue and their inward compage with a White Colour closely Caemented to each other so that the body of the Stone may be stiled a Systeme made up of many thin Flakes lodged within each others embraces to which they are closely affixed by a viscid Concreted Liquor and some of it enwrapping the Stone not yet Coagulated These stony Plates were produced of the Tartar of Serous Liquor very manifest in their whitish Colour confaederated with a clammy Matter the Caement to conjoyn the various thin Accretions made up of Earthy and Saline parts and the most inward Plates are smallest in Circumference as being the first in order of Generation and afterward are more and more enlarged as they are encircled with new Flakes of saline Accretions whence the body of the Stone putteth on greater and greater Dimensions The Stones of the Kidney when they grow great do sometimes fill up the substance of the Kidney in their various Branches compressing the Urinary Ducts and other times are lodged in the Pelvis wholly intercepting the streams of Serous Recrements into the Ureters and Bladder of Urine I saw a Stone taken out of Doctor Waldron's Kidney a Learned Fellow of the Colledg A Stone resembling a Tree and one of His Majesties Physicians in Ordinary which resembled a Tree in Figure whose Branches were clothed with White and were divaricated through the substance of the Kidney among the Urinary Ducts and Papillary Caruncles whereupon the Patient was afflicted with pain caused by the compression of the Nerves and often made a bloody Urine proceeding from the gauling of the tender Capillary Vessels and the Trunk of this Stony Tree was hued with a deep Red insinuating it self through the Papillary Trunks into the Pelvis where it caused a total suppression of Urine As to the Cure of the Stone of the Kidney Bladder c. The indications relating to the Cure of the Stone Three Indications present themselves The first is to hinder the generation and increase of the Stone The second is to Expel it when it is generated The third is to Alleviate and take away Pain which is very afflictive in this Disease The Indications are first to be satisfied by Purgatives Purgatives are proper in the Stone to take away the cause of the Stone the gross Viscous Humours and the Earthy and Saline parts of the Liquors of the Body which may be effected by Purging Boles made of Cassia or the Lenitive Electuary of Chio Turpentine Hollands Powder Creme of Tartar c. and after two Hours a Quart of Northal or Barnet Posset may be taken Emollients and Diuretick Apozems are good in this Disease And Purging Medicaments having been Administred Emollient and Diuretick Apozems are proper in this Disease made of the Opening Roots of Dogsgrass Asparagus and of the Leaves of Mallows Marsh-Mallows Pellitory of the Wall Golden Rod Raisons of the Sun boiled in Water to which may be added some White Wine at last and it being streined may be sweetned with Syrupe of the Five Opening Roots Cooling and Emollient Emulsions may speak a great advantage in this Malady made up of the Four Cooling and White Poppy Seeds sweet Almonds c. Electuaries may be also advantageous made of Emollient and Diuretick Medicines of Conserve of Hips Flowers of Mallows Condite Eringo Roots mixed with the Judaick Stone Seeds of Burdock Millet Parsley and Sows or Hogs-Lice powdered mixed with Syrupe of Marsh-Mallows upon which a Draught may be immediately drunk of a Decoction prepared with Nephritick Wood and other Diureticks mixed with Emollients And in great pains Fomentations may be applied made with Emollient and Discutient Medicines of Mallows Marsh-Mallows Centaury the less Wormwood Rue Saint-Johns-Wort Flowers of Elder Melilot and Chamaemel of Line-Seed Fenugreek Seed Bay-Berries Juniper Berries to which when they have been well Boiled in Water and streined may be added some Malago or Spirit of French Wine commonly called Brandy CHAP. XXVIII Of the Vreters THe Ureters being Aquaeducts The description of the Ureters are oblong white Tubes taking their rise in the Glands of the Kidneys wherein
the Body denoteth a free opening of a Vein in the Arm especially in a Plethorick Body as to inward Medicines cooling Juleps and Apozemes are very proper to contemperate the Blood And afterwards Repelling Medicines may be applied after bleeding gentle repelling Medicines may be used of Bean-Flower Red-Rose Leaves c. boiled in Milk and made into the Consistence of a Cataplasm with the Crums of White-Bread c. and to intercept the Flux of Blood into the Scrotum and Testicles a defensative Medicine may be applied to the side of the Groins made of Red-Rose Leaves Bole-Armenick Bean-Flower boiled in Red Wine or the Countesses or any other astringent Ointment may be administred to the said parts If the Pains of the Parts affected be very urgent Anodynes may be applied mixed with Faenugreek and Lin-seed boiled with Red-Rose Leaves in Milk thickned with Whitebread to the consistence of a Pultice And if the humours Suppurating Medicines are to be used when Tumors cannot be Cured by repelling nor discutient Applications setled in the Tumefied Scrotum and Testicles cannot be repelled nor discussed gentle suppurating may be mixed with the said Medicines as white Lilly-Roots and a little Venice-Turpentine dissolved with the Yolk of an Egg and afterwards the Ulcer is to be treated with inward Diet-Drinks and outward cleansing drying and consolidating Applications which do satisfie all the indications of Ulcers Many other Tumours discompose the Scrotum and Testicles the Epiplocele Enterocele Sarcocele Hydrocele Pneumatocele The Epiplocele and Enterocele are the Tumors of the Scrotum The Tumors of the Scrotum called Epiplocele and Enterocele as distended with the Caul or Intestines falling down into it and proceeding either from the Rupture which is very rare or most commonly from the Relaxation of the Peritonaeum in reference to its Process through which the Spermatick Vessels do pass in their Progress to the Testicles In an Epiplocele I have seen one of the Testicles wholly encircled with the Caul The Epiplocele which highly tumefied the Scrotum so that the Patient having conversed with light Women conceived the Tumor of the Testicles to be Venereal and thereupon gave himself over to strong Purgatives which spake a Period to his Life whereupon I being sent for by worthy Mr. White the Coroner of Westminster to view the dead Body and see him Dissected and his Belly being opened we discovered many Pills in his Stomach undissolved and afterwards his Scrotum being opened a large Tumor appeared in one side of it which was part of the Caul encompassing the left Testicle which being cut the Testicle was found to have no greater Dimensions than the other which were both duely proportioned Another kind of Hiernia is called Enterocele The Entrocele which is the Swelling of the Scrotum upon the descent of the Guts into its Cavity where the Passage in the Process of the Rim of the Belly designed for the Entertainment of the Spermatick Vessels is too much dilated which may sometimes happen in persons upon going to Stool whose Intestines are constipated with hard Excrements whereupon the Guts being often pressed downwards by frequent holding the Breath are forced toward the Groin into the Origen of Process relating to the Rim of the Belly whose Cavity is thereby opened and the Guts have freedom to pass into the Scrotum The Cure of an Enterocele In order to the Cure of this Disease the Guts are to be reduced into the Cavity of the Belly with a gentle hand to avoid their Contusion the Body being placed in a supine posture with elevated Thighs which may be easily performed if the Intestines be empty but if they be full of Excrements or Wind Cataplasms or Fermentations may be applied made of emollient discutient and anodyne Ingredients When the Intestines are reduced into their proper place Astringents are to be applied in an Enterocele after the Guts are reduced vulnerary and consolidating Apozemes may be advised compounded of Cumphrey Sanicle Ladies-mantle Solomons-Seal Pentaphyl Tormentil Mouse-eare the greater boiled in water and incorporated with Honey after the Liquor is strained Topicks also may be safely applied to the Groins made of astringent and consolidating Medicines to shut up the over-much dilated Cavity of the Process relating to the Rim of the Belly as also Arnoldus de Villa Nova his Plaister de Pelle Arietis or the Plaister good against a Rupture and astringent Ointments as the Countesses Liniment and the like If Apocemes be not pleasant to the Patient Electuaries may be advised Astringent decoctions are proper in an Enterocele mixed with astringent vulnerary and consolidating Medicines taken in Posset-drink made with Rib-wort Plantain Horse-tail c. Another kind of Tumor belonging to the Testicles is called Sarcocele Sarcocele Antient Authors have various Sentiments concerning this Disease Celsus Lib. 7. Cap. 18. Raro inquit sed aliquando Caro quoque inter Tunicas increscit 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Graeci vocant Galenus Lib. de Tumoribus P. M. Testiculos vocat induratos Lib. 14. Meih Med. eundem Scirrhis non improvide comparat But the Modern Physitians give a more clear account of this disease and do give it the Appellative of Sarcocele when some fleshy substance groweth to the Testicles within the Scrotum of which Hildanus and other Physicians give many Examples but most commonly when the Testicle is tumefied it proceedeth from the enlarged inward Recesses of it and not from carnous matter adhering to the outward parts of the Testicle The cause of this disease proceedeth as I conceive from the softer parts of the Blood and Succus Nutricius the Alimentary Liquor of the Testicles The cause of a Sarcocele which being too exuberant doth highly encrease the substance of them commonly called Sarcocele Olaus Borichius informeth us of this case Observ 97. Actor Bartholin Annor 1671 1972. Mercatori Samio ablatus Ferro Chyrurgi Ramicosus Testis pendebat semuncias 34. Durus ille quidem toto Corpore Massae Carneae Nervosis hinc inde Gyris distincte similis sed neque ad Latus neque in Gremio suo ullum alium Testiculum naturalem complexus Dissecta enim quaquaversum informi mole ut Testiculus verus quem intus delitescere quidam suspicabantur in conspectum veniret deprehensum clarissime fuit totum illud enorme Corpus Testem fuisse sed Testem a Sanguine ut conjicere licet admisso verum ob vel Contusionem vel Frigus vel Pituitam nimiam ad superiores partes non remisso eoque in Carnem degenerem coagulato distentam Mathiolus and Scultelus have persuaded themselves The Cure of a Sarcocele that they have Cured this disease by the Powder of Restharrowe but I humbly conceive with the Pardon of these Learned Men that it was not a true Sarcocele but rather a Hydrocele not proceding from a fleshy or glandulous Tumour of the Testicles but a quantity of watry Recrements distending
of Maries and the blessed Thistle made in Water and Wine and being strained may be frequently given with good success Topicks are very beneficial in this Disease Topicks are good in this Disease made of Oyntment of Marsh Mallows Oyls of Chamemel Horse dung c. as also Cataplasms prepared with White Lilly Roots Leaves of Mallows Marsh Mallows St. John's Wort Seeds of Fenugreek and Flax boiled in Water to a due consistence Aetius an Antient Physician adviseth in this case Cupping-Glasses to be applied with Scarification as a most present Remedy to evacuate the Matter of the Disease and to take off pain The third Indication in a Pleurisie is preservative of strength The third Indication in relation to the Cure of a Pleurisie which may be satisfied with a thin Diet of Water and Barley Gruel Panada thin Chicken broth Barley Cream c. as also ordinary Drink Ptisanes Small-Beer boiled with a Crust of Bread and a Blade of Mace and being strained may be sweetned with double Refined Sugar Posset-drinks are also proper made most with Small-Beer and a very little White Wine and dulcified with Sugar and Emulsions made with the cooling Seeds sweet Almonds blanched and sweetned with Sugar-Candy Cordial Julapes made with cooling and temperate Medicines are profitable made with destilled Water of Maries and the blessed Thistle Balm Black Cherries Citrons to which a small Plague-water may be added and prepared Pearl or Coral with a little Sugar-Candy Powders of Crabs Eyes Coral Pearl Flowers of Red Poppy being that of the Field c. given with a draught of a proper Cordial Julep which do produce gentle Sweats and allay the heat of the Blood which is sometimes very high in a Pleurisie And to conclude Horse dung Leaves of Maries and the blessed Thistle Cooling and Diaphoretick Julapes are very advantagious in this Disease Scabious Hysope Pimpernel Flowers of Field Poppy destilled in a little White Wine and a far greater proportion of Milk do speak a great advantage in this Disaffection CHAP. X. Of an Empyema or Collection of Matter in the Cavity of the Breast AN Empyema is an unhappy Companion or rather a sad consequent of other Diseases which being not well determined do fall into this disaffection flowing either from an inflammation of the Pleura Mediatine Lungs Larynx or a quantity of Blood flowing out of a broken Vessel of the neighbouring parts into the Cavity of the Thorax whereupon I humbly conceive that an Empyema is not a primary Disease seated in the Pleura Lungs Larynx but a quantity of dislodged Matter as discharged the Confines of the adjacent parts into the empty space of the Breast An Empyema An Empyema flowing from an Inflammation of the Pleura following an inflammation of the Pleura proceedeth from a source of Blood stagnated in the Interstices of the Vessels which being long Extravasated doth degenerate into a Pus making an Abscess which being not discharged doth Corrode the tender Membranes of the Pleura and run into the Cavity of the Breast This Disease is derived also from a Peripneumonia An Empyema derived from an Inflammation of the Lungs wherein a large proportion of Blood being setled in the substance of the Sinus and Bronchia of the Lungs and not discharged out the Terminations of the Pulmonary and Bronchial Arteries into the Origens of the Veins accompanying the said Arteries whereupon the Blood for want of motion is despoiled of its due Tone and Disposition and acquireth a putrid Disaffection giving it a kind of Caustick quality Corroding the Coats of the Bronchia and appendant Membranous Cells of the Lungs So that if the Purulent Matter being lodged in a small quantity in the empty spaces of the Air-vessels may be discharged by Expectoration the Patient may recover without any further prejudice but if the Putrid Matter be so Exuberant that it cannot be expelled by a Cough but farther Corrodes the substance and at last the outward Coat encompassing the Lungs it breaketh the Confines of its Banks and overflowes into the Cavity of the Thorax A third kind of Empyema An Empyema following a Squinancy may take its rise from a true Squinancy wherein so great a proportion of Blood is lodged in the Interstices of the Vessels relating to the Muscles besetting the head of the Wind-pipe that the circulation of the Blood cannot be made good out of the Extremities of the Arteries into the beginnings of the Veins whereupon the setled Blood losing its innate bounty by a long Stagnancy doth degenerate into a putrid Matter which first maketh an Abscess and then an Ulcer in the Muscles of the Larynx and then descends by the outward surface of the Bronchia to that of the Lungs and afterward into the capacity of the Thorax producing an Empyema The fourth kind of Empyema is assigned to Extravasated Blood An Empyema coming from the broken Vessels of the Lungs coming out of broken Blood-vessels of the Lungs discharging a quantity of Purple Liquor into the Cavity of the Breast where it is rendred destitute of its Spirituous and good Particles as wanting motion but by reason the Blood is not turned into Pus as I imagine it cannot be called an exquisite Empyema which speaketh not every kind of a degenerate Extravasated Blood but such a one as is turned into a true Sanious or Purulent Matter which is produced from Blood first stagnated in the substance of Membranes Muscles or the Parenchyma of the Viscera as of the Lungs Heart Liver Spleen Kidneys c. wherein the Serous Particles of the Blood are turned into Pus produced by the heat of the said parts which cannot be effected by Extravasated Blood flowing out of a broken Vessel and lodged in a Cavity relating to any of the Venters The Continent cause of an Empyema is a Pus or purulent Matter The continent cause of an Empyema flowing out of the Muscles of the Larynx body of the Lungs Pleura Mediastine A Learned Physician was of an opinion that Pus and Purulent Matter might admit a distinction as the first proceedeth from the corrupted Succus Nutricius of the Blood and the second from its Serous Recrement as coming from the hindred motion of the Blood rendring it putrid And another worthy Author conceiveth That true Pus being white and of a middle consistence is confined within a proper Membrane or Cystis and being brought to a perfect Maturation and broken soon dischargeth it self and the part affected is Cured but Purulent Matter unconfined and left at large as destitute of any Cystis or Membrane when it is discharged by an Ulcer appeareth Sanious unconcocted as the putrid Excrements are mixed with Purple Liquor which maketh the Diseased part more difficult to be Cured by reason it is clogged with a great source of Crude Sanious Excrements not easie to be discharged It may be also considered that both the pure Pus and the Purulent Matter are sometimes affected with
an ill savour and other times are destitute of an ill scent So that Apostemes brought to Maturation and broken do emit a stink and sometimes none whereupon I humbly conceive that Purulent Matter flowing out of an Ulcer doth often discompose our Nostrils with a faetide smell and it may be observed that an Apertion being made between the Ribs to discharge an Empyema the Purulent Matter hath little or no smell and after two or three days when the Air hath had a frequent recourse by the Wound into the Thorax the Purulent Matter groweth very offensive which may be quickly alayed by some injections of Wine as washing and cleansing the sides of the wound and adjacent parts and diluting the stinking corrupt humors with pleasant Aromatick smells And I humbly conceive that the faetide smell of Pus and Purulent Matter doth arise out of gross exalted sulphureous depressing the Saline Particles but on the other side when the sulphureous parts are somewhat Concocted and reduced under the power of the Saline they give a check to the ill savour of Pus and Purulent Matter As to the Diagnosticks of an Empyema some of them The Diagnosticks of an Empyema and the most chief may be these When the Inflammation of the Muscles of the Larynx Lungs Pleura or Mediastine do not cease upon the due application of Remedies and are attended with Rigors and Fevers it is very suspicious the Inflammation is determined by an Ulcerous Matter discharged into the Cavity of the Breast If the Extravasated Blood setled in the substance of the Muscles of the Larynx Lungs Pleura or Mediastine Extravasated Blood is turned into Blood in fourteen days be not taken off by due Application in fourteen days or thereabouts it doth degenerate into Pus productive of an Abscess in the part affected which sometimes breaketh about the twentieth day and other times about the thirtieth or fortieth Of which Hippocrates giveth these Symptoms A Rigor saith he proceeding from a Purulent Matter Vellicates the neighbouring Membranous parts accompanied with a dull pain arising from the weight of the corrupt Matter afflicting the Lungs in their Diastole depressing the Diaphragm and hindring its relaxation in order to a farther motion made by Contraction hence ensueth a difficulty of Respiration flowing from a quantity of Purulent Matter stuffing the Cavity of the Breast giving a check to the free play of the Lungs and Diaphragm The sign of a long continued Empyema The sign of a long Epyema is That the Fever groweth more mild upon the great part of the Pus transmitted out of the body of the parts affected into the empty space of the Thorax So that the Fever is rendred partly Putrid and partly Hectick always infesting the Patient and is more gentle in the Day and receiveth the beginning of an Exacerbation about the Evening and is more hightened about the middle of the Night This Disease is associated with a perpetual Cough sometimes throwing up Purulent Matter whereupon ariseth a great Anxiety and dejection of strength proceeding from free Sweats in the Night whence follow the hollowness of the Eyes and redness of Cheeks and at last a swelling of the Legs producing a Leucophlegmatia flowing from a gross and dispirited mass of Blood stagnating in the substance of the parts affected The Prognosticks of this Disease are hopeful The Prognosticks of an Empyema if when the Abscess is broken the Fever groweth gentle attended with an easie Expectoration of Purulent Matter or rather of a Pus that is smooth white and equal and with a free Respiration which sheweth the Thorax not to be overcharged with a quantity of Pus But on the other side the Prognosticks imply imminent danger Pus accompanied with a violent Fever is dangerous when the Eruption of the Pus is accompanied with a violent Fever frequent Tremblings or Rigors which are Convulsive Motions proceeding from ill-conditioned Purulent Matter highly irritating the Nervous parts A great Cough accompanied with a difficulty of breathing is very dangerous A Cough with a difficulty of Breathing is very dangerous by which a thick yellow green black or faetide corrupt Matter of an unequal consistence is thrown up especially in an Orthopnaea wherein the whole Breast is lifted up whereupon most commonly ensueth a Suffocation proceeding from an Exuberance of Purulent Matter lodged in the Cavity of the Breast and intercepting the motion of the Intercostal Muscles Diaphragm and Lungs It also foretelleth great danger if a silver Probe be put into the wound of an opened Thorax for an Empyema and groweth hued with the colour of Gold or Copper which is caused by the exalted Sulphureous Particles of the Purulent Matter discolouring the Silver But it is more safe if the Patient grow strong as having a good Pulse and free Respiration upon the Apertion of the Thorax whereupon floweth a white well Concocted Matter speaking an Alleviation of the Fever and all the symptoms of the Disease In case an Ulcer of the Larynx Lungs or Pleura cannot be prevented by Bleeding Expectoration Diurecticks and Diaphoreticts gentle Medicines may be advised both inwardly and outwardly that promote Suppuration In reference to a Cough derived from gross Hydromels are proper in a Cough proceeding from a gross lentous viscid Matter lentous viscide Matter Hydromels are very proper made up of the five opening Roots the Leaves of Ground-Ivy Coltsfoot Horehound Scabious Maiden-Hair and Raisins of the Sun stoned boiled in Water to which White-Wine may be added at the latter end of the Decoction and when it is strained some Honey may be gently boiled in it Medicines made into Pills with Chio Turpentine Iris Root powdered and Syrup of Ground-Ivy which may be rowled in Powder of Liquorice and given Morning and Evening with a Vulnerary Decoction made of the Roots of Sarsa Parilla and China Hartshorn Shavings Prunell Bugles Sanicle Mouse-Ear the Great Ground-Ivy boiled in three parts Water and one part White-Wine to which being strained Honey may be added These Medicines do satisfie all the Indications of an Ulcer as they cleanse dry and Consolidate As to an Empyema flowing from an Ulcer of the Muscles of the Larynx An Apertion of the Thorax may be made in a desperate Empyema Lungs Pleura and Medicine the Pus or Purulent Matter cannot be vacuated if it be lodged in a very great proportion in the empty space of the Thorax unless a wound be made in the Intercostal Muscles as near to the Midriff as may be with great regard of its preservation that the Purulent Matter may be the better expelled through the Aperture of the Breast which is sometimes made between the fourth and fifth and other times between the sixth and seventh Rib. Sometimes the Succus Nutricius of the Blood being lodged in a great quantity in the substance of the Bronchia and Membranous Cells Sometimes the Pus is discharged by Cough Vomiting Stool and by the wound made
divers disaffections the first is called by the Greeks 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which is affected with divers degrees one is when the Eye-lids are inverted they appear more thick and unequal named by Aetius 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 densitas palpebrarum in which the Lids are inwardly red as coated with stagnated Blood The second degree of a 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is The Tumors of the Eye-lids when the Disease growing higher in the inward region of the Lids is discomposed with little Tumors resembling the Seeds of unripe Figs from whence it received the appellative of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by the Latines palpebra ficosa The third degree is named 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by the Greeks and Callositas by the Latines when the inside of the Lid is first Ulcered and afterward groweth hard and Callous At last as a fourth degree may be named 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 scabies palpebrae The Scabs of the Eye-lids in which not only the inside of the Eye is disaffected as in a 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 but the whole Lid is rendred rough and scabby chiefly about the angles of the Eyes The cause of these disaffections proceed The cause of the Diseases of the Eye-lids sometimes from serous salt Humors other times with Bilious Recrements mixed with the mass of Blood and imported into the substance of the Eye-lids by the terminations of the external Carotide Arteries The Cure of these Diseases is performed by Bleeding and proper Purgatives and then Topicks may be safely applied as emollient Fomentations which do temper the Acrimony of the Humors and afterward detergent and drying Medicines prepared with Water of Pimpinel Salendine the Great Small-leaved Dock mixed with Burnt Alome Camphore and Crabs Eyes which being boiled and strained the Water may be applied to the Lids A Liniment made of oyntment of Roses and Tutty hath been used in these cases with good success Other Tumors are also incident to the Eye-lids as Warts Hordeola Divers kinds of Swellings belonging to the Eye-lids resembling Barley-corns Grandines round transparent Swellings and divers Nodes and Excrescencies sometimes of a Stony nature which are cured by Emollient Decoctions and Liniments and if they cannot discharge the concreted Matter Chyrurgical Operations may be advised to take away these indurated Swellings by Section CHAP. IX The Diseases of the Glands of the Eyes and their Cures THe Glands of the Eyes are subject to divers Diseases The Diseases of the Glands of the Eyes Inflammations Ulcers Fistulas Diminution and too great Dimensions An Inflammation of the Glands relating to the Eyes An Inflammation of the Glands proceedeth from a quantity or grosness of Blood imported by the Carodite Arteries into the substance of the Glands so that the extremities of the Jugular Veins are not capable to receive all the Blood whereupon some part of it being stagnated loseth its tone and the Serous Particles are turned into a Pus which breaking through the body of the Glands is discharged upon the Surface of the Eye If the Ulcer groweth inveterate The Ulcer of the Glands the passage through which it dischargeth the Purulent Matter will be rendred Callous and Sinuous whence ariseth a Fistula Lachrymalis which is not only a consequent of an Inflammation and Ulcer but is generated immediately by acrimonious and serous salt recrements of the Blood productive first of an Ulcer and afterward degenerates into a Fistula which also is caused by a gross clammy Humor resembling a Pultice or Honey and called Atheroma steatoma and Meliceris In order to the Cure of this Disease in its first rise of an Inflammation The Cures of the Diseases of the Glands of the Eye a Clyster being premised Bleeding is to be celebrated with a free hand In reference to an Ulcer and Fistula cleansing drying and consolidating Medicines are to be used made of Sarzaparilla Lignum sanctum Sassafras Comfrey Roots Mouse-Ear Sanicle Ladies Mantle c. boiled in Water and sweetned with Honey Outwardly Medicines may be applied made of Powder of Frankincence Sarcocoll Aloes Dragons Blood Balaustia Alome prepared and mixed with Rue Water A Setum in the Neck proveth very beneficial in a Fistula as diverting the offensive Matter from the Eyes If an Ulcer and Fistula proceed from a Venenate Matter in Venereal Diseases Purgatives may be advised mixed with Calamelanos and proper Diet Drinks may be used in Venereal Distempers I have seen a gentle Salivation raised by Mercurial Medicines to be attended with great success in order to the Cure of an invenerate Ulcer and Fistula Rhyas frequently accompanieth a Fistula Lachrymalis The Absumption of the Glands and is an absumption of the Gland seated in the inward angle of the Eye proceeding from sharp Corrosive Humors mixed with the Blood and brought into the body of the Gland by the Carotide Artery which being of a loose spongy substance is easily Corroded by acrimonious and salt Recrements This Disease is Cured by Detergent The Cure of a Rhyas Drying Sarcoticik and Astringent Medicines made of Flowers of red Roses Cypress Nut Myrtle Aloes boiled in Water and Red Wine or also with Ingredients of Frankincense Aloes Dragons Blood Red Rose Leaves Grains of Sumach boiled in red Rose Water and strained The over-great excrescence of the Gland is lodged in the inward angle of the Eye The Excrescence of the Glands of the Eye which is generated by a quantity of Succus Nutricius as being much akin to Seminal Matter stagnant in the body of the Glands and enlarging their dimensions as agglutinated to the outsides of the Vessels This Disease is Cured by gentle Corrosive Medicines of Burnt Alome c. The Cure of this Excrescence and great care must be had in the application of Corrosives lest the tender compage of the neighbouring Eye be highly offended Another disaffection of the Glands of the Eyes sometimes accompanying the Rhyas and Encanthis is called Epiphora The Epiphora of Humors in the greater Angle of the Eye The word denoteth any fluxion of Humor but the Professors of our Art have confined it to the Afflux of Humors coming from the Gland placed in the greater angle of the Eye and may proceed also from the Glands of the Eye-lids secerning and powring out thin recrements of the Blood by excretory Vessels upon the surface of the Eyes These unvoluntary Tears are cured by Bleeding Purging drying and astringent Medicines and Fontanels and Blistering Plaisters are of great use in order to the Cure of this Disease Sometime tears of Blood do issue out of the angles of the Eye by the terminations of the Carotide Arteries which is derived from the suppression of the Menstrua and is cured by Purging and Aperient alterative Medicines opening the Vessels of the Uterus and provoking the Menstrua which is much assisted bp opening the Saphaena instanti tempore fluxus menstruorum CHAP. X. The Diseases of the Muscles of the Eyes
Adnata whereupon proceedeth a stagnation of Blood in the Interstices of the Vessels belonging to the White of the Eye so that it is first hued with Red and afterward with a blewish colour As to the Cure of this Disease if the Eye be rendred highly Blood-shed in a Body abounding with Blood and full of Humors Purging and Blood-letting are very proper And then Topicks may be duly applied consisting of gentle discutient and astringent Medicines made of Water of Strawberries Red Roses Honey Socles Woodbine Plantain and Myrtles c. CHAP. XII Of the Diseases of the Cornea and their Cures THe Cornea is made of a Horney Diaphanous substance for the defence of and constitution of the lucid Orb of the Eye which else would not be receptive of the visible Images of things as encircled with Rays of Light The Eye more or less loseth its transparency The disaffection of the Transparency of the Eye and its causes as the Cornea is obscured with greater or less degrees of incrassation whereby the Tunicle groweth thick in old Persons caused by overmuch driness which is incurable The Cornea also is rendred opace when it is clouded by overgross Humors impacted into it which often happens in an Opthalmia and is sometimes produced by high resolving Medicines which breath out the more thin parts of the Recrements setled in the Cornea and leave the more gross behind it is also generated by gross Humors flowing out of the Termination of the Arteries and stagnated in the substance of the Cornea whereupon the Sight is lost or lessened as the Cornea is infested with greater or less incrassation of Humors called by the Latines Albugo And the Cornea is not only incrassated with gross Recrements but is divested of its Transparency as hued with strange Colours and sometimes it is coated with Redness when the Blood is lodged in the empty spaces of the Vessels as in Sugillation wherein the Eye is rendred Blood-shed and then the Object represented to the Eye seemeth to be vailed with Red and sometimes with Yellow in a Jaundy wherein the bilious Recrements spued out of the terminations of the Arteries do tinge the Cornea If the clearness of the Cornea be fouled by pituitous Recrements it may seem reasonable to use Purgatives first and afterward to apply Topicks when the Blood is refined which is insinuated by the extremities of Capillary Carotide Arteries into the substance of the Cornea When universal Evacuations have been advised Cures of an Albugo a Decoction may be made of Mallows Calaminth Eye-bright Line-seed Faenugreek-seed with the Flowers of Melilote of which the warm Steams may be received into the disaffected Eye Morning and Evening Learned Amatus Lusitanus giveth an account that he Cured an Albugo with Decoctions of Sarzaparilla taken twenty days in the Interim he advised a destilled Water to be instilled into the Eye made of Honey immediately after it was taken out of the Comb and with the Flowers of Eye-bright Elder and Sugar-Candy destilled in Milk in B. M. The Seeds of Clary finely searsed and applied in this case prove very beneficial to clear up the Eyes when darkened with gross Humors Juice of Fennel mixed with a few drops of Balsam of Peru is of great efficacy in this case as also Oyl of Burnt Linnen quenched between two Pewter Dishes and mixed with a Boy 's Spittle is very successful in a Cure of this Disease as to a farther Cure I refer you to the Materia Medica propounded in the suffusion of the Eyes The Cornea is also liable to small Tumors somewhat like the Seeds of Millet called by the Greeks 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The Tumors of the Cornea and their Cures arising from thin sharp Recrements destilling out of the Extremities of the Carotide Arteries into the empty spaces of the minute Vessels lodged in the Cornea whereupon its Tunicle groweth distended in many places producing various little Swellings The Cure of these Pustles is performed after the same methods as hath been advised in an Opthalmia Aetius commends the White of an Egg and the Yolk beaten up with a little Sugar and Saffron which may be administred to the Eye in the beginning of the Disease as also a Quince boiled in Water and mixed with Oyntment of Roses or a Mucilage of the Seeds of Psyllium and Quinces extracted in Red Rose-water In the increase of the Disease resolving Medicines may be used as a Decoction of the Flowers of Chamaemel Melilote mixed with the Seeds of Flax and Faenugreek Eye-waters made by destillation of the Leaves of Vervain Rue Salendine the Great Red Rose Leave in Milk may be instilled into the disaffected Eye Waters of Eye-bright and Red Roses mixed with a little Tutty and Trochisci Alb. Rasis sine opio and with White Vitriol in few Grains have proved successful in this Disease The Cornea is not only liable to little Swellings The Ulcers of the Cornea but Ulcers too which have had divers appellatives among the Greeks as they are superficial or more deep in the said Tunicle in which an Ulcer is known as being the consequent of a white Tumor appearing in the Black of the Eye and proceedeth often from Contusion whereby the Blood is imparted to the substance of the Cornea out of the Lacerated Carotide Arteries other times it is produced by over-sharp Medicines applied to the Eyes and chiefly from Salt sharp and serous Recrements of the Blood corroding and exulcerating the substance of the Cornea As to the Cure of an Ulcer of the Cornea Purging Medicines may be advised as also Bleeding in a Sanguine Constitution and then Defensatives may be administred to the Forehead consisting of Astringents which do check the flux of Humors into the parts affected The Indications The Cure of the Ulcers of the Cornea are the same with other Ulcers and consist of milde detergent drying and consolidating Medicines of Tutty Red Coral Aloes Sarcocol nourished in Milk which may be put into a Linnen Cloth and hung in Eye-bright Fennel or Salendine Water and after they have been sometime infused and strained a few drops of the Water may be instilled into the Eye as also Hydromel and Syrup of dried Roses being of a cleansing drying quality may be of good use in this case When the Ulcer is cleansed Sief de plumbo Rasis may be given in any convenient destilled Waters of Salendine the Great Eye-bright Fennel or Roses as also Saccharum or Oleum Saturni may be of great use in this case Or let a Liniment be made of Red Coral Prepared Burnt Harts-Horn Prepared Ceruss washed and a few Grains of Crude Antimony and Honey of Roses strained A Collyrium may also be prepared with burnt Lead washed Tutty Prepared Gum of Tragacanth infused in Eye-water Another Disease to which the Cornea is obnoxious is a Rupture A Rupture of the Cornea which is made downward when the Pus following an Inflammation is accumulated in the
Viscus Pomorum to which may be added Stercus Pavonis and when it hath been well boiled in spring-Spring-water and strained it may be sweetened with Syrup of Lime-Flowers Powders Paeony or Lilly of the Valley Powders also may be advised made of Paeony-root and of Species Diambrae Castor Angelica Zedoary Contragerva and of the chips of Oranges and Lemons drinking after every Dose a draught of a proper Julape or Apozeme A Carus Coma and Lethargy being all Sleepy Diseases have great alliance with an Apoplexy and do admit the like method of Physick and Medicines prescribed in an Apoplexy the highest of all Sleepy Diseases CHAP. LXV Of the Vertigo or Meagrum A Vertigo or Meagrum is here Treated of A Vertigo is often a forerunner of Sleepy Diseases as a fore-runner to the Apoplexy and the other Sleepy Diseases and is seated in the ambient parts and more inward Recesses of the Brain the allodgments of the Animal Spirits in which their first rise and motion is produced the ministers of the inward Senses as well as the intellectual Functions These active emissaries of the Soul the more refined Particles of the Animal Liquor sometimes exalt the Processes of the Brain in great companies and other times in smaller numbers and are carried in irregular motions highly discomposing the fibrous Compage of the Brain wherein the lucide Particles suffer a total Eclipse as in an Apoplexy or a lesser in a Carus Coma and Lethargy in which some glimmerings of the more noble and sensitive operations of the Brain appear My Province at this time is to discourse a vertiginous disposition A Vertigo proceedeth sometimes from a disordred and other times from an intercepted motion of the Animal Spirits The description of a Vertigo sometimes a Herald of greater Maladies the Sleepy Diseases of the Brain wherein the Animal Spirits have their motion sometimes disordered and other times stopped so that they cannot be duely ministerial to the production of the Animal Operations A Vertigo is a disaffection of the Brain wherein the objects of sight seem to wheel round with a great swimming in the Head so that the Animal Spirits are highly discomposed as suffering a great confusion produced by an irregular Motion whereupon they have not a due influence first into the Fibrils of the Brain and afterward into the Optick Nerves productive of a lost or diminished sight and progressive motion In the Paroxysme of this Disease the inward Senses admit a deception The Paroxysm of a Vertigo while reeling Objects seem to be hurried in motion and the rational Conception is not much disturbed while we apprehend the discomposure of our inward and outward Senses As to the cause of this Malady its worth our inquiry how it is made The causes of this Disease in Diseases or by a violent motion of the Body in a circular manner or by a prospect from a high place of some low distant Objects seated immediately or directly under us or by going over narrow open Bridges placed over great and deep waters running in hasty torrents or in a Ship under sail carried with an impetuous motion in a strong Tempest Whereupon the Animal Spirits run so confused that they cause a vertiginous disposition which may seem worth our consideration to understand the reason of this discomposure as conducive to the better understanding the intrinsick causes of a Meagrum When we have long hurried our Bodies in a circular motion A Vertigo coming from a disorderly motion of ouâ— Body all outward objects seem to dance round about us and though we repose our selves yet this phancy continues and sometimes we tumble down upon the ground or floor and have an apprehension of a circular motion in our Brain And the reason may be not that the disaffection is lodged in the outward Sense or there continued but from the agile temper of the Animal Spirits as Learned Dr. Willis hath well observed Cap. 7. De Vertigine Pa. 250. Quippe ait ille affectus iste a corporis circulatione producitur sive oculis intuemur sive nictamus At vero hujus apparitionis causa omnino dependet a fluxili spirituum animalium substantia quippe spiritus intra Cerebrum scatentes non secus habent ac aqua aut densa vaporum congeries phialae inclusa quae una cum vase continente circumagitur facta semel vortice etiam vase quiescente motum istum aliquandiu continuare persistit pari etiam modo quando hominis corpus circumgyratur spiritus cerebri incolae ab ista capitis tanquam vasis continentis circumductione in motus tornatiles ac veluti spirales aguntur cumque propterea solito influxu directo jubare nervos irradiare nequeant hinc una cum visibilium rotatione saepe Scotomia pedum vacillatio inducuntur Hemisphaerium visibile rotare videtur quia spiritus speciem excipientes circulariter moventur quare siquidem sensibilis impressio recipitur per modum recipientis prout spiritus ita objecta in orbem moveri videbuntur And the prospect of disagreeable Objects or a dangerous situation or motion of the Body giveth a suddain surprisal and striketh a dread into the phancy and rendreth the motion of the Animal Spirits irregular and confused And in persons debauched with great proportions of Wine The Animal Liquor is highly discomposed by immoderate drinking or strong Liquors the Blood is disordered with fierce and turbulent steams which being carried into the Brain do give a high disturbance to the Animal Liquor and Spirits generated of the serous part of the vital juyce by offering a violence to them by rendring their motion inordinate and confused In these external or evident causes of a preternatural disposition of the Brain producing a Meagrum the Animal Spirits are disturbed in their natural Emanations by a confused progress and various agitations hither and thither within the Interstices of numerous nervous Fibrils in the ambient parts or more inward Recesses of the Brain so that the natural motion of the Animal Spirits being checked and rendred confused they do not flow regularly into the Nerves of the Eyes whereupon the visible Objects seem to admit a Circumrotation which is not truly in them but a deception of the Sight proceeding inwardly from the fluctuation of the Animal Spirits which are as I humbly conceive carried forward and backward in various disordred motions Having discoursed the evident causes The inward causes of a Vertigo generating a vertiginous affection of the Brain I shall endeavour now to give some account of the more inward and preternatural causes of it So that a Vertigo is sometime a symptome as a consequent of another Malady And other times it is not an accident but a Disease as produced within the Processes of the Brain A vertiginous symptome is first of all produced by the motion of the Blood checked in the Heart or Lungs whereupon followeth a Syncope or Lypothimy a difficulty of Breathing
Disease to advise gentle Purgatives prepared with proper alteratives at once purging of the Atrabilarian Humors Cooling and moist Medicines are useful in a Melancholick distemper and giving alay to the other by cooling and moist Medicines which do countermand the hot and dry disposition and sweeten the acide and saline parts of the Blood As the root of Polypode of the Oak Epithymum Caruway seed boiled in water with a little Wine Senna Rubarb Agarick Tamarinds adding at last a purging Syrupe of Apples or Syrupe of Peach-Flowers c. Pilulae Tartareae Bontii Purging Pills Quercetani de succino quickned with a little Resine of Jalape or Scammony or Extract of Rudius Tartar vitriolated and in strong constitutions of Body Extract of black Hellebore Gum Ammoniac dissolved in Cinnamon-water Resine of Scammony Jalape c. may be advised Purgative Powders Purgative Powders given in Posset-drink as Diasenna Diaturbeth as also Rubarb Agarick Senna Lapis-lazuli powdered and given in Posset-drink prepared with Small Beer and White-wine in which you may add Syrupe of Apples Syrupe of Roses-solutive of Peach-Flowers of Buckthorn c. Purgatives may be advised frequently once in Five or Six days Benigne Purgatives are most laudable in this Disease and let them be prepared with benigne Medicines which do not offer a violence to Nature by reason strong Medicines have a malignant temper which do irritate the ill Humors of the Blood and vitiate it and the nervous Liquor and give an irregular motion to the Animal Spirits and aggravate the Disease If the Body be bound a Clyster may be injected of a common decoction prepared with some gentle purging Electuary or rather with purging Syrupes and common Sugar Testaceous Powders Testaceous Powders given in some proper Apozemes or in clarified Whey made of Crabs claws Egg shels c. and of Pearl Coral Crabs Eyes and the like may be given in Posset-drink or Whey or some alterative Apozeme prepared with some of the Five opening Roots of the Leaves of Borage Betony the Flowers of Cowslips Water-Lilies Ivory shavings Pippins Raisins of the Sun c. and sweetned with Syrupe of Cowslips or Water-Lilies to which may be added some compound Briony or Paeony water Decoctions of China Sarza in which may be infused the tops of Pine and Firr the Flowers of Cowslips Water-Lilies Borage Bugloss and being strained may be sweetned with the alterative Syrupe of Apples Water-Lilies Cowslips Wood-Sorrel and the like which do contemperate and moisten the hot and dry temper of melancholick Persons and dulcify the saline parts of the Blood which are a main ingredient in this disconsolate phanciful Disease The Third Indication The vital Indication denotes Medicines coroborating the Brain A Cephalick Electuary being vital doth consist in the conservation of the affected parts and doth denote corroborating Medicines which do strengthen the Brain and repair the decays of Nature In this case Electuaries may be proper made of the Conserves of Lime-Flowers Lily of the Valley Water-Lilies Cowslips Gilly-Flowers the Powders of Pearl Crabs Eyes Crabs Claws Coral Candid Rine of Citron or Mirabolans to which Syrupe of Water-Lilies may be added to make it into the consistence of an Electuary After which may be drank a draught of Cephalick Julape A Cephalick Julape made with the distilled Waters of Lime-Flowers Lillie of the Valley Black Cherries compound Paeony sweetned with Syrupe of Cowslips Water-Lilies In this case a Magistral distilled Water may be very advantageous A Cephalick distilled Water Take of the Leaves of Betony Borage Bugloss Water-cresses Brooklime Balm of the Flowers of Cowslips Water-Lilies Lily of the Valley of the chips of Citrons Auranges Limons Nutmegs distilled in Whey made with fragrant Apples to which may be added a little White-wine Apozemes also are useful in Melancholy An Apozeme prepared with the Roots and Leaves of Polypode of the Oak Hartshorn Ceterack Epithymum Water-Germander Water-Cresses and Millepedes bruised of which some may be boiled in a close Pipkin and being strained may be sweetened with double or treble refined Sugar After a Chalybeate course the Waters of Epsam Barnet Northal The purging Mineral Waters or Dulige may be drank as preparatory to the Waters of Tunbridge Rotherfield as good as any of the Acidulae or the Spaw-waters of York-shire The diuretick Waters which are to be taken with a proper method of Physick else they may prove very prejudicial Whey also may be very beneficial prepared with the tops of Pine and Firr or with Brooklime Water-Cresses the Flowers of Cow-slips Lime Lily of the Valley Water-Lilies c. Broths also may be given made with a Chicken or Pullet A Medicinal Broth. and with the Leaves of Polypode of the Oak Wood-Sorrel or with Borage Bugloss Pearl Barley to which may be added the Shavings of Hartshorn and Ivory CHAP. LXVIII Of a Mania or Madness THE Mania Madness is near akin to Melancholy or Madness hath much affinity with Melancholy and degenerates into Madness as the Atribilarian Humor groweth more exalted and mixed with acide Recrements it is turned into a Maniack disposition and the Vital Spirits being highly enflamed do enrage the Animal productive of Madness which attendeth Melancholy as the flame is ushered in by Smoak This Disease may be defined The definition of Madness a Delirium or depravation of the Imagination and Reason without Fear and Sadness the attendants of Melancholy with fury boldness and great clamors and rantings derived from saline sulphureous Particles arising first out of the Blood and afterward imparted to the Animal Liquor and Spirits Some Physicians suppose Madness to be an elevated Melancholy Madness supposed to be an elevated Melancholy as the saline sulphureous Particles of the Atrabilarian Humor are only more exalted producing more symptomes of Rage boldness horrid out-crys c. But I humbly conceive this Disease doth not differ gradually but specifically as coming from various causes and accompanied with higher symptomes by reason Melancholy is accompanied with Fear and Sorrow and Madness with Fury and Boldness flowing from nitro-sulphureous parts of the vital Liquor making a hot Fermentative disposition of the nervous Juyce enraging the Animal Spirits The subject of this Disease is the fibrous Compage of the Brain The subject of Madness composed of numerous Fibrils containing the nervous Liquor generated of albuminous parts of the Blood the subject and vehicle of the Animal Spirits which move between the Filaments of minute Nerves in a great hurry and most irregular manner The turbulent symptomes of this furious malady The symptomes of Madness is a depravation of the phancy and intellect importuned with storms of impetuous Thoughts expressed in furious Language and ranting Gestures of tearing Cloaths biting the Tongue and offering violent hands to themselves These horrid Signs Symptomes of this Disease are illustrated by Mineral Waters arising out of the ill tone of the Animal Spirits Dr.
Valley Peagles Betony Fumitery mixed with Species Diambrae Powder of Red Coral Crabs Eies prepared Pearl Crabs Claws made into an Electuary with the Syrupe of Lime-Flowers or Lily of the Valley drinking after it a draught of Milk-water made with the Leaves of Betony Water-cresses Brook-lime Ground Pine Cowslips Mountain Sage of the Flowers of Lime Lily of the Valley Sage Rorismary distilled with Milk in a Rose Still And in this case Apozemes an Apozeme may be given made of China Sarza-parilla shavings of Ivory and Harts-horn infused and boiled in Water in the Colature may be infused the Flowers of Betony Cowslips Lime and Paeony to which being strained Syrupe of Lime-Flowers may be added A Palsey taketh its rise from a Scorbutick indisposition of Body spoiling the Albuminous part of the Blood the ground of the Succus Nervosus and its more refined Particles This indisposition is regulated by proper Antiscorbuticks Antiscorbutick Juyces made of the juyces of Garden Scorby-grass Brook-lime Water-cresses Auranges which being depurated per residentiam may be given in a proper Milk-water made of Antiscorbuticks and Cephalicks distilled in a small proportion of White Wine mixed with a large quantity of Milk in a Rose Still Electuaries Antiscorbutick Electuarics made of the Conserve of Garden-Cresses Chervil Water-Cresses Garden Scorby-grass prepared with the Powder of Egg-shels Red Coral Pearl Ivory Crabs Eies made into the Consistence of an Electuary with the Syrupe of the opening Roots drinking after it a good draught of a Diet-drink A Diet-drink prepared with China Sarza-parilla Ivory and Hartshorn shavings Raisins of the Sun stoned and in the Liquor being boiled and strained may be infused the tops of Pine and Firre and the Colature being strained may be sweetned with the Syrupe of Cowslips or Lime-Flowers Pills made of testaceous Powders Millepedes formed into Pills Pills made of Millepedes and of testaceous Powders c. A Diet-drink with Venice Turpentine may be proper in a Scorbutick Palsey drinking after it a draught of Diet-drink made of China Sarza-parilla c. as above Or a Decoction made of Ground Ivy and Antiscorbuticks and Cephalicks of Mountain Sage Water-cresses Brookelime Flowers of Betony Paeony Sage Rorismary c. Diaphoreticks may be of great use in this Disease Diaphoreticks are very useful in a Palsey as Sweats do depurate the Blood and Succus Nervosus produced by Diet-drinks of Sarza-parilla China c. or by testaceous Powders Spirits and Extracts of Guaicum Flowers and Spirit of Salt Armoniack succinated Salt and Wine of Vipers Diaphoretick Antimony Bezoartick Mineral c. drinking after them a good draught of a proper Diet-drink Mercurial Medicines productive of Salivation Some propound Mercurial Medicines in a stubborn Palsey are propounded by some in desperate and habitual Palseys which method of Physick may prove fatal in weak Bodies as Mercurial Medicines highly infect the Brain Spinal Marrow and Nerves And last of all when universal evacuations have been administred Topicks may be applied when universal evacuations have been made Topicks may be applied made of Spirit of Wine in which the Flowers of Sage Rorismary Lavender may be infused As also Balsomes mixed with Oil of Fox Worms Castor the Queen of Hungarys Water with which the whole Spine is to be annointed and afterward covered with Flannel The Paralitick parts are to be warmly clothed with Furrs or the like And at other times when Ointments are not applied the Spine and Resolved parts may be invested with several sorts of Furrs which much cherish the relaxed and weakened Limbs CHAP. LXXVII Of the Scurvey HAving Treated of many Diseases relating more particularly to the Head I will conclude its Pathology with a Disease which may claim the Appellative of Universal The Scurvey is a kind of universal Disease as it not only affecteth the nervous Liquor and its more refined Particles the Animal Spirits but their subject too the fibrous Compage of the Brain lodged in the highest Apartiment and all the Viscera the choice housholdstuff of the middle and lowest story of the Body That the nature of the Scurvey may be rendred more clear I shall endeavour to give a History of its Subject Causes and Symptomes in order to a Cure As to its Subject I humbly conceive it is originally seated in the Stomach The First seat of the Scurvey as it taketh its rise from an ill Concoction producing a crude Chyle which being not well prepared in the Ventricle maketh an ill mass of Blood indisposing the Viscera as not receiving a due percolation in them whereupon the Blood is debased and depauperated as affected with gross sulphureous and saline Particles unduely exalted so that the vital and nervous Liquor being vitiated and dispirited do produce a Complication of Diseases seated in many parts of the Body commonly called the Scurvey an Imperial Malady attended with a great train of Symptomes In the highest a partiment it produceth great and periodical pains The Symptomes of the Scurvey in the Head as now and then affecting the coats of the Brain with a hot and ill mass of Blood and sometimes Drowsiness and othertimes Watchfulness Lightness of the Head Convulsions a Palsey in several parts of the Body caused by an ill Succus Nervosus the companions of this Disease are also Ulcers of the Tongue and Palate coming from sharp Recrements of the Blood depurated in the oral Glands spued out by the excretory Ducts into the skin of the Tongue and Palate which are often bedewed with a quantity of salival Liquor causing frequent Spittings attended with Ulcers of the Gums looseness of Teeth and an ill savour of the Mouth stenched with corrupt serous parts of the Blood corroding the Gums and their ligaments loosening the Teeth from their repositories whereupon they grow laxe and sometimes drop out of the Mandibles The parts of the middle Apartiment in the Scurvey The Symptomes of the Scurvey in the Thorax are afflicted with great Stiches and shooting pains of the Sides and Sternon arising from sharp Particles of Blood torturing the Pleura and Mediastine The Lungs also often labour of a great difficulty of breathing briskly endeavouring by often repeated acts of Respiration to pump the gross mass of Blood from one Cistern of the Heart through the pulmonary Artery and Veins into the other whereupon the Heart being often oppressed with too great a source of thick dispirited Blood is highly discomposed with disorderly pulsations Palpitations The Symptomes of the Scurvey in the lowest Venter Lypothymies Synocops c. The Viscera also of the lowest Apartiment are highly anoyed in this Disease The Stomach laboureth of nauseousness belchings vomiting pains proceeding from sharp and pituitous flatulent Recrements floating up and down in the Stomach the sad consequents of an ill concoctive Faculty proceeding from ill Ferments The Hypocondres are often afflicted with inflations and croakings which arise from Wind passing down the Guts often productive
of the Blood must be opened proper for Concoction and easy to be distributed and making few Excrements of which the more gross must be discharged by the Intestines and the more saline and watry severed by the Renal Glands and the Lympha by the Lymphaeducts and the bilious Recrements by the Hepatick Glands if these Colatories be open and free from obstructions the Blood acquireth a laudable Constitution but if the Viscera be clogged with gross Recrements they cannot duely perform their Office of Percolating the Blood The hindred perlocation of the Blood in the Viscera whereupon it is sometimes depraved with fixed saline othertimes with gross sulphureous and also with acide and acrimonious Recrements debasing the Blood and rendring it dispirited That all these intentions may be satisfied relating to many disaffections of the Viscera spoiling the eucrasy of the Blood is our Task at this time which must be accomplished by a due method of Physick advising proper Medicines of all sorts in right order The First seat of the Scurvey is in the Stomach Purging and Vomiting discharge the Stomack of its ill Recrements and its original cause is a crude indigested Chyle often infected with ill Humors spoiling the Ferments of the Stomach the great Menstruum dissolving the Compage of the Aliment in order to Concoction Whereupon it is reasonable to advise Purging and Vomiting Medicines to free the Ventricle from the importunate guests of offensive Excrements Bitter Medicines restore the Ferments of the Stomack to a good disposition and to administer bitter Medicines to restore the Ferments of the Stomach to a laudable temper And if the Pores of the Ventricle be obstructed aperient Medicines are proper to make way that the Ferments may be transmitted through secret Ducts into the Cavity of the Stomach to assist Concoction And in order to reduce the ill mass of Blood a great cause of the Scurvey to a laudable constitution by discharging its Faeces by secretion performed in the Viscera I conceive it very proper to advise Specificks to open the obstructed Glands of the Liver to depurate the Blood from adust bilious Recrements And in reference to acide and saline Faeces Diureticks discharge the Tartar of the Blood Diureticks may be prescribed to free the obstructed Glands from concreted Particles and help the slow excretion of Urine to refine the Blood from its gross Salt Recrements which are a great Element in the production of the Scurvey And because nature often dischargeth the saline Particles associated with the Blood by greater and less Arterial Branches into the cutaneous Glands wherein a secretion is made of the pure from the impure parts Diaphoreticks are very proper in the Scurvey whereupon they being carried by excretory Vessels to the surface of the Skin the Blood groweth refined so that in case of the Scurvey Diaphoretick Medicines may be prescribed with great advantage to the Patient In order to clear the Stomach of its load of acide saline Vomitories and sulphureous Recrements in strong Constitutions may be given the infusion of Croeus Metallorum Tartarus Emeticus Mynsichti a few grains of Mercurius vitae Salt of Vitriol and in weak Bodies Oxymel of Squills or a great quantity of Carduus-Posset or luke-warm water mixed with Oil of Olives may be administred by which the Contents of the Stomach may be thrown off and the folds of it free from gross viscide pituitous Recrements whereupon the Concoction of Chyle is very much promoted And if the Stomach is weak or not apt to be moved by Vomitories Gentle Purging Medicines must be given in weak Constitutions Purging Decoctions are very proper in this Malady gentle purging Medicines are more proper mixed with bitter which do corroborate the lost tone of the Stomach in the Scurvey as the Decoctum amarum cum purgantibus to which in a strong Body some Senna and Rubarb may be added The Tinctura Sacra may be very proper made of the Species Hierae infused in White Wine as also the Decoctum Sennae Gereonis to which may be added the tops of Centaury the less Rubarb Creme or Salt of Tartar vitriolated Tartar the Seeds of Carduus Syrupe of Peach-Flowers or Syrupe of Rubarb or compound Syrupe of Apples formerly called the Syrupe of the King of Sabor Pills of Bon called Tartanae Bontii Quercetani or those of Dr. Purging Pills Willis his Dispensation in his 7th Chapter of the Cure of the Scurvey Pa. 271. As also Stomacick Pills with Gumms to which may be added in strong Constitutions some grains of Extract Rud. or Resine of Jalap or Scammony In plethorick Bodies abounding with Blood and ill Recrements Bleeding is good in a Plethorick Body labouring of the Scurvey after purging Medicines have been once or twice administred a Vein may be often opened with a sparing hand lest in this Disease if too much Blood be exhausted a Dropsy ensue which sometimes proves fatal whereupon the Blood groweth better and more refined And once in Five or Six days Purging Medicines may be prepared by infusion in Water and Wine Purging Medicines mixed with Antiscorbuticks added at last to extract the virtue of the Ingredients with Senna Rubarb Agarick the tops of Pine Firr Water-cresses Seed of Caroways Creme of Tartar c. to which being strained may be added Syrupe of Roses solutive or compound Syrupe of Apples or Syrupe of Buckthorn Alteratives also may speak a great benefit in this stubborn Malady Alteratives made of Aperients and Antiscorbuticks made of th aperient roots of Dogs Grass wild Asparagus Scorzonera mixed with Antiscorbuticks viz. the tops of Pine and Firre Watercresses Chervil boiled in Water and Wine and being strained may be sweetened with Syrupe of the Five opening Roots or an Apozeme may be prepared with the Roots of Cuckowpintle Roots Petraselen Eryngium Winterbark the chips of Oranges or Limons Pine Firre c. boiled gently in Water put into a covered Vessel to which may be added at last some White-wine and it being strained may be sweetened with the Augustan Syrupe Also a Decoction of Roman Wormwood An Apozeme proper in the Scurvey and tops of Broom or an infusion of its Buds or Flowers made in Water and Wine and being strained and sweetened with Syrupe of Betony or the Five opening Roots may prove advantageous in opening the obstructions of the Viscera and defaecating the Blood Infusions of Antiscorbuticks in Water and Wine Infusions of Antiâ—corbutick Medicines made in a close Pipkin are very proper as preserving the volatil Salt of Pine Firr Chervil Ground-Pine Water-Germander Garden or Sea-Scurvey-grass Watercresses Brooklime Chips of Oranges Limons Citrons c. sweetened with simple Syrupe of Apples Brooklime Watercresses c. Infusions of Pine Firr Brooklime and of other temperate Antiscorbuticks may be prepared in Whey or Posset-drink as very good in hot constitutions to contemperate and refine the Blood Diureticks may be beneficial in this Disease as
discharging the saline parts of the Blood by Urine made of the roots of Cuckowpintle Diureticks proper in the Scurvey Horse-Radish of the Leaves of Garden-Cresses Chervil Sowes prepared in Water and Rhenish-wine The juyces of Scurvey-grass Anâ—iscorbutick Juyces Brooklime Water-cresses Chervil Garden-cresses Oranges Wood-sorrel because the last defaecate the Antiscorbutick Liquors some of which being depurated per residentiam may be taken in Ale Wine Posset-drink or Whey Or Expressions may be given with benefit made of Antiscorbuticks and of shavings of the Roots of Horse-radish Cuckow-pintle of the Leaves of Brooklime Watercresses Chervil Garden-cresses c. put into a Pipkin with White-wine or Rhenish Canary or Sherry c. and after a due infusion may be strained off and used Syrupes may be made of the Juyces of Brooklime Antiscorbutick Syrupes Water-cresses Chervil Garden-cresses Oranges depurated per residentiam and put into a Glass bottle close stopped and prepared B. M. with a due quantity of fine Sugar Distilled Waters may be prepared with the chips of Oranges Distilled Waters Limons Winterbark and with Leaves of Scurvey-grass Brooklime Water-cresses Chervil tops of Broom Garden-cresses Worms Snails Sows Nutmegs c. may be distilled in Milk Whey Mumm Sider to which may be added some White-wine in a Rose Still A Water may be prepared with Winterbark the Rind of Tamarisc the Chips of Oranges and Limons Roots of Horse-radish Cukowpintle c. In Winter when there are very few Green Herbs the Leaves of Garden and Sea Scorby-grass the tops of Broom Pine and Firr the middle Rind of Elder and Ash roots of Horse-radish Winterbark may be distilled in Ale Antiscorbutick Spirits Whey Milk Sider Mumm c. Spirits made of Scurvey-grass Water-cresses Horse-radish Cuckow-pintle Hartshorn Salt Armoniack succinated may be prepared and given in a few drops in some convenient Antiscorbutick distilled Water in Fainting Fits when the gross Blood is ready to stagnate in the chambers of the Heart or when it is highly dispirited in this Disease Ale or Wine medicated with chips of Oranges Limons and with the Leaves of Water-cresses Brooklime Pine Firr tops of Broom Coriander Seeds Nutmegs Sowes c. may be very advantageous in this Disease Or the roots of Docks Horse-radish Eryngium Medicatâ—d Ale good in Scurvey the Leaves of Agrimony Harts-tongue Chervil Garden-cresses chips of Oranges Limons Coriander Seed Nutmegs to which may be added the juyces of Oranges Brooklime Water-cresses Garden Scurvey-grass may be put into new Ale before it hath done working Testaceous Powders are also useful in this Malady made of Crabs Claws Testaceous Powders Crabs Eies Coral Pearl Egg-shels c. given in some Antiscorbutick Apozeme As also Powders prepared with Cuckowpintle and with the Leaves of Water-Germander Ground-pine Wood-lice Tartar c. may be given in some Antiscorbutick distilled water Electuaries are proper made of the Conserve of Water-cresses Brooklime Electuaries Wood-sorrel Fumitery to which may be added the Powder of Cuckow-pintle Wood-lice Salt of Prunell and Condited root of Eryngium Pills of Citron Oranges or Limons well pounded in a Mortar and Condited and made into the consistence of an Electuary with the Syrupe of the Five opening Roots drinking after every Dose of the Electuary a good draught of an Antiscorbutick Apozeme or distilled water mixed with some compound Horse-radish water Or an Electuary may be made of the Conserve of the Flowers or Fruit of Sweet-briar of the Leaves of Fumitery Wood-sorrel prepared with the Powders of Coral Crabs Eies Crabs Claws Pearl and made into the consistence of an Electuary with the Augustan Syrupe or that of Fumitery or Water-cresses drinking after it as above advised A Water made of Lime with Coriander-seeds Lime-water good in the Scurvey and other ingredients according to the common receipt may be of great use to open the obstructions of the Viscera and to refine the gross and depraved mass of Blood in scorbutick dispositions of Body Chalybeate Medicines as Powder of Steel prepared with Sulphur Chalybeat preparations or Syrupe of Steel prepared with its Salt or with crude Steel or the tincture of it prepared with Tartar may be given in some proper Antiscorbutick Apozemes or Distilled water and once in Four or Five days a draught of a gentle Purging Diet-drink or Pilulae tartareae Bontii or Quercetaâ—i or some proper Purging Powders or Bolus The purging Mineral Waters of Epsam or Dulige Barnet Northall Acton Purging Mineral Water Stratham c. As also the Mineral waters of Turnbridge Rotherfield Withiham Blackboys near Lewis c. which purge by Urine Diuretick Mineral Waters and open the obstructions of the Viscera and defaecate the mass of Blood from its acide saline and sulphureous Recrements the main causes of the Scurvey In reference to the Stomach bitter Medicines may be used Bitter Medicines are good for the Stomach in the Scurvey prepared with the roots of Gentian Centaury the less Wormwood Salendine the great Seeds of Carduus Citrons c. Elixir proprietatis may also be given in the Alexiterial Milk-water or in Hocumor Rhenish wine or in any Decoction made of bitter ingredients Fomentations made with Centaury the less Wormwood Fomentations for the Stomach Berries of Bays Juniper Seeds of Flax Faenugreek the Flowers of Chamaemel Melilote boiled in Water to which at last Wine or Brandy may be added do corroborate the Stomach and discharge flatulent Matter lodged in the Stomach and Guts Hepatick Medicines in obstructions of the Liver In reference to the obstructions of the Liver Turmerick Salendine the great the Rind of Berberies the Leaves of Agrimony Harts-tongue shavings of Ivory may be boiled in water adding some Wine at last and it being strained may be sweetened with Syrupe of the Five opening Roots In point of a difficult Breathing Medicines proper for an Asthma complicated with the Scurvey Pectorals may be administred prepared with the Leaves of Dogs-grass Asparagus and the Leaves of Ground-Ivy Hysop Pine Firr Wood-lice c. boiled in Water and Wine and sweetened with Syrupe of Ground-Ivy as also a Linctus may be made of Oxymel simplex Scibliticum Syrupe of Horehound Vinegar mixed with Powder of Wood-lice Liquorice and made into a Lambitive with the Syrupe of Maydenhair And above all in a Scorbutick Astma flowing from abundance of Blood accompanied with Phlegmatick or gross saline and sulphureous Recrements Purgatives and Bleeding may be advised In Cephalick Diseases comomplicated with Scorbutick disaffections flowing from acide saline and sulphureous Elements tainting the nervous Liquor Cephalicks Cephalick Medicines mixed with Antiscorbuticks are proper in the Scurvey Gargarismes are proper in Diseases of the Mouth mixed with Antiscorbuticks are very proper which do refine the Blood and Animal Liquor and reduce its Spirits to a laudable Constitution and corroborate the laxe Tone of the fibrous Compage relating to the Brain In disaffections of the Mouth Gums laxity of the Teeth abounding
with serous and saline Particles of Blood the Gums may be opened with a Lancet and Gargarismes administred made of Leaves of Woodbine Columbine Speedwel Water-cresses Scorby-grass the inward Rind of Elm or Elder boiled in Lime-water or fountain-Fountain-water to which some White-wine may be added at last and it being strained may be sweetened with Honey of Red Roses and Syrupe of Mulberies In the pains of the Limbs A Diet-drink good for the pains in the Limbs Decoctions of Sarza mixed with Antiscorbuticks may be given with good success As also a Decoction of Sarza in Water and being strained may be mixed with Milk and taken with great benefit Fomentations in this case made of Anodynes Fomentations Discutients mixed with Antiscorbuticks will appease the pain of the Limbs being outwardly applyed with Flannel CHAP. LXXVIII Of Osteology THe Body of Man being a fine Building The Body of Man of is made of fluid and solid parts is composed of more fluid and solid Materials the first being the Superstructure and the last the Foundation which giveth figure straightness and strength to this magnificent Pile of Building which is compleated by the Viscera as so many Elaboratories and Colatories of Liquors and immured within common Integuments of Membranes and Muscular parts as so many Engines affixed to variety of Bones the Centers of Motion Bones are the Centers of Motion and supporters of the Body and the Bases of the parts of the Body which else would be confused and useless were they not encompassed with and kept apart by numerous Bones as so many Preservatives and Intersepiments guarding and severing one part from another that every Member and Bowel may freely exert their Operations without the least discomposure or violation of each other So that some delicate Contextures of Parts being so many fine Vails do face this more solid Compage and others are immured within their hard Confines as secured within the safe Walls of a strong Castle The Bones are called by the Greeks 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as keeping the Fabrick of the Body in an erect posture as Hipocrates hath most elegantly expressed it lib. De Ossium Natura 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The Description of Bones toti corpori stabilitatem rectitudinem formam exhibent Whereupon Bones may admit this Description as being hard similar parts and most cold and dry and destitute of Sense giving strength and support to the whole Fabrick of Man's Body which is a system of many parts of which the Ambient are divers Coverings the most fine is the Cuticula conjoyned to the Cutis a Compage of many Fibrils united to the Adipose Membrane and this to the Common Membrane of the Muscles which are fastned to each other by the interposition of many small Ligaments and at last as to a common fulcrum all these Integuments as well as the Muscles of the middle Apartiment of the Back and the Pectora and Saw-like and Intercostal Muscles are affixed behind to the Chine and on the sides to the Ribs and before to the Sternon The outward Coverings of the Head consisting of Hair the Cuticula Cutis Membrana Carnosa and Periostium is conjoyned to the Skull without and the more inward Coverings of the Dura and Pia Menynx the fine Vails of the Brain are united to it by the mediation of Vessels and Fibrils and also to each other as well as to the Skull guarding the tender Compage of the inward parts of the highest Apartiment as with a natural Helmet The common Vests of the lowest Apartiment and the various Abdominal Muscles are supported by Bones to which they are fastned as Bases or Centers of Motion the universal Coverings are tied to the Abdominal Muscles by the interposition of Fibrils and these again either in their Originations or Insertions are conjoyned to Bones The Muscles are conjoynâ—â— to Bonâ—s as 〈◊〉 many Hypomoclia as so many Hypomoclia The oblique descendent Muscles take their rise from the four or five lower Ribs and are implanted into the Margent of the Os Ilium The oblique Ascendent Muscles take their Origen near the Bone where the other do terminate and are inserted into the inside of the lowest Rib. The transverse Muscles are fastned to the Spine Os Ilium and lowest Rib and the right Muscles above to the Sword-like Cartilage and below to the Share-bone The Rim of the Belly to which the Caul is conjoyned by many Ligaments is affixed below to the Os Ilium and Share-bone and the Liver Spleen Kidneys and Intestines are fastned to the inside of the Chine by the mediation of great Trunks of Arteries and Veins The Viscera of the middle Apartiment are also conjoyned to Bones as their great Fulcrum The Midriff is connected to the Ribs and the Heart and Lungs in their Origens to the inside of the Spine by the interposition of the Vena Cava and Arteria Magna And the common Coats of the Limbs are affixed by Ligaments to each other and to the Muscles which are implanted into various Bones as the Centers of Motion so that the bony Compage is highly significant to the Body as it hath it's various parts either immediately or ultimately affixed to Bones giving stability straightness and form to the whole Body The Bones in their first entity The origination of Bones in solutis principiis are a fluid Body and borrow their origination from the Tartar of the Genital Liquor as consisting of most earthy and some saline Particles which do coagulate the gross viscid parts of the Seminal Juice first into a membranous substance as near akin to a soft liquid body and afterward by the accession of new earthy saline Particles passing through the termination of the Arteries implanted into a membranous substance the rudiments of Bones whereby the more soft Matter is turned into a grisly body and at last by a source of new Tartar flowing out of the Extremities of the Blood-vessels the Cartilaginous substance arriveth a greater maturity and by degrees is concreted into perfect Bone Bones are framed of heterogeneous parts Bones are framed of various parts of which the outward are more solid and white being adorned with a hard smooth Surface as if it were polished by Art and its more hard Particles are made up of many thin Laminae as I most humbly conceive which are produced by many saline accretions one succeeding another according to the new accession of Matter turned into Bone The more inward recesses of Bone are more spungy and black The Cells of Bones are receptive of oily Particles commonly called Marâ—ow often attended with many little Cells of various figures and sizes receptive of fat Particles which are the product of the oyly parts of the Blood destilling out of the terminations of the Arteries concreted into a Medullary substance which is also lodged in large round Cavities of large Bones encircled with a thin Membrane And farthermore Marrow proceeds from the oily
mutual Advantage because the more Spirituous Particles being highly agile do sublime the more gross by expanding their Dense Habit do impart more noble Disposions The third Qualification relating to Intestine Motion The third disposition of Bodies fit for Fermentation that they should not be be depressed by too much Crudity nor too likely exalted by over much ripeness that the parts should not be depressed by too much Crudity nor over exalted by too much Ripeness wherein the Volatil are exhaled which speak a great decay of Spirituous Particles the main and most noble Ingredients in Fermentation and in the first the more active parts are so confounded with the Gross that they grow faint and paled loosing their brisk Motion as it appeareth in Sider made of unripe Apples On the other side when the more subtle Particles are evaporated in Fruits tending to Putrefaction the Liquor also is Dispirited upon the loss of its more volatil Atomes And upon this account the Vital Liquor on the one side groweth Gross and Depressed when the Succus nutricius by overmuch Crudity cannot be assimilated into Blood or when it looseth its Tone growing low and faint as being dispoiled of its Spirituous parts in so free a transpiration in immoderate Sweats And first In Artificial as well as Natural Compositions of Vegetable and Animal Liquors this Hypothesis of Fermentation is founded in different Elementary Principles and contrary qualifications of Gross and Subtle Particles is asserted upon very probable Reasons of which divers Instances may be given in divers kind of Aliments and Medicaments the preservatives of Humane Nature Artificial Fermentation in point of Aliments In point of Aliment Bread Bear Wine and Sider and all other Conditure they receive their great vertue delicacy and easiness of Concoction from a due Fermentation Meal and Flower when moulded up with water only which being a simple Elementary Body made up of unactive parts raising little or no Fermentation doth not attenuate the Viscous and Earthy parts making Indigested Bread Of the Permentation of Doe made by Balm white of Eggs and the like which opening the Body of the Mass in Baking the more subtle parts are put into motion hard of Concoction but Ferments of Balm or Whites of Eggs and the like being blended with the Meal in the time of Kneeding openeth and puffeth up the body of the Mass And in Baking the more subtle parts the Volatil Salt and Sulphur being put into motion by the Ferments insinuating themselves into and expanding the substance of the Bread rendring it spungie and hollow and so more savory and easie to be Digested But Corn having taken wet and growing in an unseasonable Harvest is put into a disorderly Fermentation and the Mass being Kneeded and of a soft and fluid Disposition groweth broad and flat in being heavy Dough not able to raise it self in Baking caused by the unnatural Ferment and growing quality of the Corn received from wet in an unkindly Harvest imbibed into the substance of the Corn whereupon the thin Saline and Sulphureous Particles being hurried into an irregular motion and the Mass being farther importuned by the violent heat of the Oven groweth Fluid expatiating it self into a thin flat body which seemeth to be an ill baked Dough of a maukish taste And as to Bear it is thus Brewed by pouring scalding hot Water upon Ground Malt which being sometime infused in the hot Liquor impregnates it with active Particles and when the Liquor after a sufficient Infusion being strained from the grosser Faeces is afterward well boiled The manner of the due Intestine motion of Beer till it acquireth a due Consistence as being exalted with Saline and Sulphureous Particles of the Malt and being somewhat cooled Balm or some other Ferment being added to it the active Particles are put into motion and the Beer working some time in the Tun and afterward in Vessels groweth clear being secerned from its grosser parts which quit the body of the Liquor The ill Fermentation of Wort when it hath too great a consistence upon overmuch infusing turning ropy when the Spirituous parts being over active raise the Terrene giving a check to the intestine motion and fall to the bottom of the Vessels but if the Malt be too long infused in the hot Liquor it will gain too great a Consistence and turn thick and ropy so that it will not be capable of a due Fermentation because the Spirituous parts being over active do so raise the Terrene with which the Pores of the Liquor grows so big that at last they confound the active Principles of it and give a stop to Fermentation And if the Liquor be put into the Vessel too hot in the extremity of heat in the Summer or in severe cold Weather in the Winter on the one side the overmuch heat giveth a check to due Fermentation upon which the Liquor groweth Vapid and pauled by too great an Evaporation of the sine and Spirituous parts And on the other side upon extremity of Cold the Pores of the Liquor are too much Constipated and the Saline and Oily parts grow too much fixed and gross which hindreth a due Intestine motion But if the watry part of Beer impregnated with proper Ferments do duly work in the Vessel the more spirituous and airy Particles do open the compage of the Liquor and the active Principles do so much expand its Pores that its Balmy tide overflows the Confines of the Vessel and the more gross and terrene parts subside to the bottom So that the Fermentation being well accomplished the substance of the Beer groweth more thin and clear being depurated from its Faeces and is rendred more serviceable as Wholsome and Pleasant But when a due Fermentation is celebrated if the Liquor be not closely stopped or covered with a Cork Bung or the like the more Volatil and Spirituous parts quit their proper station being naturally ambitious to ascend and associate with Airy and Aethereal Particles to which they are near akin and leave the Liquor to the dominion of the Saline which being too highly exalted do degenerate into a Fluor imparting a sourness to the whole body of Liquor which is also often occasioned by firing of Canon and Claps of Thunder which produce so violent an Agitation in the body of the Liquor that the Volatil parts being too much moved do evaporate and expose the Liquor to the tyranny of the Saline which so far debauch the Beer that it is rendred disserviceable for Drink Thus having given a taste of Bread and Beer two great Necessaries to support our Life how by Artificial Contrivances acted by various Ferments promoting Intestine motions much consisting in the mutual contests of grosser and finer parts to advance each others Nature and the common good and interest of Mankind I intend now to present you with the most generous Liquor of the Grape in whose free Cups we indulge our Selves and Friends in solemn
evacuations of salival Liquor a good sign in the Flux Pox. is a Cough proceeding from a gross Matter commonly called Flegme which is an indigested Succus nutricius dicharged by the excretory Ducts of the salival Glands all besetting the Palate Tongue and Fauces which in the Flux-Pox emit large streams of salival Liquor discharging in a great part the foulness of the Blood and the malignity of the Fever in free and critical evacuations of vitiated recrements of the Blood through the numerous conglomerated Glands in and about the Tongue Palate and Fauces as if a Ptyalisme was raised by a Mercurial Medicine And before and in the time of the Salivation in this ill kind of small Pox a crude thin and serous Liquor is protruded by the capillary Arteries into the Glands the inhabitants of the Skin where it is separated from the Blood and forced through the excretory Tubes to the surface of the inward Skin where the Matter being very thin and fluide is not readily confined within the due limits of many round prominent circumferences made in the outward Skin but runneth confused one part with another which is occasioned by the thinness and sharpness of the Matter often corroding like Aqua-fortis the rare contexture of the Skin integrated of numerous Filaments variously intangled with each other in which it maketh divers Cavities and Furrows The Face is disguised with cavities and scars caused by the corroding perulent Matter of the Small Pox. often despoiling the Face of its elegant Air and amiable Features and leaving great impressions not only in the skin of the Face but in the Palate Nerves and Tendons of the Fingers of which an instance may be given in a Grocers Daughter of London in whom the virulent corroding Matter of the Flux-Pox did eat quite through the Palate by making a large perforation into the cavity of the Mouth and did so corrode the Nerves Tendons and Ligaments relating to the second Bone of the fore-Finger that the Bone upon motion of the Finger started through the Skin and was wholly parted from the Joynts leaving a lameness in them Sometimes the Small Pox are not only a Disease but a kind of Symptome of an essential malignant Fever deforming it with Red and Blew spots when it increaseth more and more after the eruption of the Matter the cause of the Small-Pox And although a great quantity of gross Succus nutricius is vented by the salival Glands into the Mouth by which Nature designeth to relieve it self yet the Fever groweth higher and higher and at last the Skin is sometime defaced with great and numerous spots which first appearing Red do afterwards degenerate into Blew near the approaches of Death An Honourable Lady finding her self highly discomposed drank freely of Cordial Water which put her Blood into a high effervescence rendring it very hot and thin which being impelled to the cutaneous Glands where the Purple Liquor is streined and returned by the capillary Veins while the serous Recrements are transmitted through the excretory Vessels into the most exterior parts which grow tumefied into small pustles the dismal marks of the Flux-Pox and were associated with a great salivation in the Mouth assisted with opening and cleansing Gargarismes by whose help she vented two or three quarts a day of thick ropy Matter thereby giving frequently a great alleviation to the Pox which had not this effect in this Honourable Person in whom the Small Pox was symptomatic because notwithstanding the free evacuation of the depraved Succus nutricius through the cutaneous and salival Glands yet the Fever grew more and more importunate by shewing it self Essential and Malignant when the products of the Pox the Ulcers grew dry and scaled off then the surface of the Body was deformed with Red spots which afterward turned Blew the mournful Scenes of a dismal Tragedy The more kindly Small Pox have for their Materia substrata the Succus nutricius depraved by a peculiar indisposition of the Blood often communicated to it by contagious steams impelled with the Air through the bronchia and their appendant Vessels into the substance of the Lungs where it encounters and infects with its Ferment the Succus nutricius running confusely mixed with the Blood raising in it another ebullition which being received by the pulmonary Veins into the left Chamber of the Heart is thence protruded into the greater Trunks and smaller Branches of the Arteries The beginning of the Small Pox is the first four or five days wherein the Small Pox do appear but little after the fifth day cometh the increase of the Small Pox. this Fermentation of the infected Blood lasteth four or five days which is the beginning of the Disease And about the fourth or fifth day an inflammation of the Skin appeareth in the Small Pox derived from the vital Liquor impelled into the extremities of the capillary Arteries inserted into the Skin whence the Face and Hands are often disguised with unnatural Swellings and afterwards Pimples start up in the Skin arising from the Blood not yet severed from the Succus nutricius the Matter of the Small Pox. And now commenceth the time of maturation of them The stat◠〈◊〉 Small Pox is that of Maturation which cometh to a height when they turn yellow when these little round Swellings grow more enlarged are turned more whitish as the Succus Nutricius is more and more secerned from the purple Juice and then oftentimes the Pustles are surrounded for some time with a red Circle proceeding from thin blood separated from the confines of the Succus Nutricius and derived into the adjacent parts of the Skin and about the seventh day the maturation cometh more and more to a height when the numerous acuminated Swellings full of purulent Matter put off their white Robes and are apparaleld with a yellow hew which is the height of the Maturation The declination of the small Pox is about the eleventh day happening about the eleventh day and afterward the declination of the Disease beginneth wherein the Ulcerous Matter being dried up the Impostumes are turned into Scabs about the fourteenth day sometimes leaving behind red Marks and Scars as tokens of God's Justice punishing us for our Prevarications the causes of Diseases and as remembrancers of his Mercy expressed in a happy recovery from this troublesome and noisome Malady And that we may give a more clear account of divers disaffections of the Skin I humbly conceive they may be in some sort deduced A Cause of Cutaneous Diseases flowing from the streitness of Vessels either from the ill formation of the Vessels or Pores relating to the Glands or from several Liquors residing in or impelled into the Glands As to the Vessels they labour under so much streitness or largeness An Inflamation of the Skin proceeding from Blood stagnant in the Cutaneous Glands wherein the Veins do not receive the Blood upon the first the Glands grow tumefied with too great a
And sometimes the serous Recrements are severed from the Blood in the Glands of the Kidneys and pass through many Excretory Vessels to the Bladder and above all Diureticks those that are impraegnated with lixivial Salts are most prevalent in a Leucophlegmatia and Purging Medicines having been premised it is usual to take Lixiviums of Broom Wormwood prepared with White Wine These Lixivial Diureticks sometimes take so good an effect Lixivial Saits are very proper in an Anasarca that they most freely discharge the Lympha seated in the empty Spaces of the Vessels and Cure an Anasarca to a Prodigy in which Diuretick Medicines impraegnated with fixed Lixivial Salt are more powerful then those Potions which are big with Acids Alkalies and volatile saline Particles Perhaps the reason may be this Because when the watry Recrements perverting the Fermentation of the Blood and the assimilation of Chyle into it have been sometime Extravasated in the spaces of the Vessels they grow Acid whereupon the Lixivial Particles of Diuretick Potions being mixed first with the Blood and afterward transmitted to the crude Humours lodged in the habit of the Body do embody with them as being Acid Lixivial Salts mixing with Acids make an Intestine Motion in the Blood so that Lixivial Salts meeting with Acids do immediately cause an Effervescence both in a crude Mass of Blood and in the watry Humours settled in the substance of the Mascular parts and make a great Agitation and Fusion in both So that the Excretive Faculty is not only irritated in order to discharge the Excrements of the Blood but also a new Fermentative quality is given to the Blood by which it is severed from its grosser Particles and the Chyle embodied with it is assimilated into the nature of Vital Liquor Diaphoreticks are also taken in a Leucophlegmatia a Dropsie seated in the habit of the Body with good success Sudorificks are proper in an Anasarca and though in the beginning of it it is very difficult to move Sweat because the watry Humours are settled in the empty Spaces of the Vessels relating to the Muscular parts whereupon the serous Recrements are not easily conveyed being Extravasated by the Arteries terminating into the Cutaneous Glands and thence discharged by the Excretory Vessels inserted into the outward Skin Yet Diaphoreticks produce a very good effect as enobling the Blood with Spirituous and Volatil Particles which exalt the crude and unactive parts of the Vital Liquor and Serous Liquors stagnant in the Interstices of the Vessels and raise an Effervescence and Fermentation in the Blood in order to perfect and assimilate the Chyle and when the watry Faeces have been moved by Purging Medicines and thrown into the Intestines it may be very seasonable to advise Sudorificks to discharge the reliques of the Morbifick Matter the more thin and watry parts of the Blood by Sweat or insensible Transpiration when the more gross Recremental parts have been discharged by Stool and to this end a Diet-Drink may be prescribed consisting of Diaphoreticks and Diureticks to expel the offensive Matter by the Kidneys and Cutaneous Glands A proper Diet may be prepared of Lignum Sanctum Diet Drinks good in an Anasarca Sassafras with Roots of Burdock Butter Bur and the Leaves of Saxifrage Golden Rod adding to every Dose when its streined and sweetned with the Syrupe of the Five opening Roots some drops of Salt Armoniack succinated or Spirit of Salt or Tincture of Salt of Tartar which is an excellent Medicine in this Disease Chalybeat Medicines joyned with Antiscorbuticks Chalybeats made of the Filings of Steel are best in this Disease are also very advantageous when the Body hath been emptied of the watry Recrements by Purgatives both to refine and sweeten the Mass of Blood and in this case Salts of Steel are not so proper because they render the Mass of Blood more fierce Whereupon in a Dropsie seated in the habit of the Body such Chalybeats are to be Administred which are impraegnated with Sulphureous Particles giving an allay to the more fierce Saline as preparations made with the Filings of Steel and Powder of Steel prepared with Sulphur which being received into the Stomach and dissolved by its Saline Armoniac Ferment and transmitted to the Blood the Sulphureous Particles of the Metal do exalt the depressed Saline and Sulphureous parts of the Blood and raise its Fermentation by giving it new principles in order to Elaborate the Chyle and assimilate it into Blood These Chalybeat Medicines do rectifie the Ferments of the Stomach and the other Viscera which are Colatories of the Blood After Internal Medicines Topicks are to be of daster Universal Medicines have been given as Purgatives Diureticks Chalybeats and Diaphoreticks have been Administred Topicks may be safely applied in an Anasarca as Frictions Liniments Fomentations and Baths Empyricks do apply Vesicatories and Escaroticks which are not always safe as often accompanied with fatal Symptoms Frictions speak a great advantage to the Cure of an Anasarca Frictions good in an Anasarca to help Transpiration because the Pores of the outward parts are so stuffed with watry Recrements that they hinder insensible Transpiration and the Ambient parts grow chilly because the Blood hath not a free recourse to them by reason the Serous Recrements settled in the Interstices of the Vessels do so straighten them that the free Current of the Blood is retarded toward the Confines of the Body Whereupon Frictions with course Clothes and Brushes made for that use do heat the Ambient parts and by opening the Pores of the Skin do help Transpiration and refine the Blood by promoting the Current of it toward the Surface of the Body through which its fiery and effaete Steams are discharged Fomentations made lixivial by Ashes Fomentations are proper as provoking Sweat and insensible Transpiration and consisting of Emollient and Discutient Ingredients boiled in Waters in which Sugar hath been refined or in Lees of Wine do enlarge the Pores and provoke Sweat and by turning watry Recrements into Vapours do lessen the Tumours of the Ambient parts and alleviate the Anasarca by giving a liberty to the Blood to be impelled toward the Surface of the Body when rendred warm and thin by a hot discutient quality of the Fomentations which much assist the Circulation of the Purple Liquor embodied with crude serous Recrements Liniments are proper prepared with Emollient Discutient and Drying Medicines with Sulphur and Salts of divers kinds with unslacked Lime and other Minerals which being Powdered and embodied with Juices of Plants consisting of Volatil Salts brought by Art into the form of a Liniment to which for its better consistence Oil of Scorpions or Turpentine is to be added may be applied very warm to the Body to open its numerous Doors and breath out the Hydropick Humours by a free Diaphoresis Whereupon the serous and pituitous Tumours do often disappear and the Motion of the Blood
times descending from the Brain into the Caverns of the Nostrils and is distinguished from the three other Recrements and is more thin then the Phlegmatick Matter lodged in the Bronchia of the Lungs more Glutinous and less slippery then the Mucus of the Tonsils less diaphanous and more gross then the Salival Juice of the Parotides and Maxillary Glands This pituitous Humour The Mucus â—arium may either be derived from the crude Chyme or from the Recrements of the Nerves may either borrow its descent from Chymous parts mixed with the Blood or from the Nervous Liquor issuing from the Brain If considered under its first apprehension it taketh its rise from the indigested and pituitous parts of the Blood which are dispensed into the Cavities of the Nostrils by the External Carotides terminating into the Membranes investing the inside of the Nose This Recrement truly bedewing the Nostrils if it proveth Acrimonious produceth a simple Ulcer which if it be not speedily Cured often degenerateth into a putrid Faetide Ulcer called Ozaena But if this Recrement destilling out of the Extreamities of the Arteries be more milde it sometimes generateth a Carnous Excrescence called Polypus often filling the Cavities of the Nostrils The Recrements of the Nervous Liquor The Recrements of Nervous Liquor are discharged sometime by Fibrils inserted into the inward Membrane of the Nostrils may be conveyed by the Extreamities of the Nerves and also Glands seated about the Pinnae Narium by which the Brain being overcharged with Recrements dischargeth them by numerous Fibres derived from the fifth pair of Nerves implanted into the Membrane enwrapping the inside of the Nostrils And for the defence of this Hypothesis it may be said that Vertiginous and other Cephalick Distempers have critically determined in the end of their Paroxisms with free evacuations of a Limpid Liquor plentifully destilling out of the Cavities of the Nostrils A Person of Quality being highly afflicted with a violent Head-ach and a Vertiginous Indisposition when she found an Alleviation of the Fit she felt in the top of her Head as it were an Undulating motion of Water gently carried forward and downward which was presently after attended with divers drops of clear Liquor flowing out of the Nostrils whence it is also probable that the Ventricles of the Brain are the Caverns of Serous Liquors and Recrements which are softly streined through the Os Ethmoeides into the Caverns of the Nostrils The fourth is the most common thin Limpid and Insipid kind of Spittle claiming its Origen The fourth kind of Spittle is the Salival Liquor from the Recrements of the Nervous and Vital Liquors As to the first it oweth its descent to it partly upon this account The Oral Glands spue out a Salival Liquer borrowed from the Nerves implanted into them that all the Salival Glands and more particularly the Maxillary as the chiefest are accommodated with many eminent Nerves derived from the third fourth and seventh pairs whose prime office is to convey to these Glands large proportions of Nervous Liquor giving them first a support by its more pure Alimentary Liquor and then the most useful part of its Recrement is received into the Lymphaeducts and Capillary Jugulars while the most impure and unnecessary Particles are entertained into the Excretory Vessels and thence vented into the Mouth Another probable Argument may be brought to confirm this Hypothesis that Persons labouring with Hypocondriacal Distempers do most freely Spit because their Nerves being affected with overmuch Moisture do act by the consent of a Nauseating Stomach into which considerable Branches of the Par Vagum are inserted and the origen also of these Stomacic Nerves do nearly confine on those belonging to the Maxillary Glands so that the Maxillary Nerves are easily drawn into consent by the irregular motion of the neighbouring Par Vagum which being irritated by Luxuriant Moisture do produce the like motion in the Nerves appertaining to the Maxillary Glands causing them to spue out of their substance great quantities of Salival Juice into their Excretory Vessels terminating into the Mouth Furthermore This may be urged in favour of this Assertion because in large Salivations raised by Mercurial Medicines the Nerves are rendred dry and their Exuberant Moisture much Exhausted speaking that the Nerves do plainly contribute to the production of a Ptyalisme The Vital Liquor contributeth to the Salival And moreover I most humbly conceive that the Salival Liquor doth not wholly proceed from the Nerves by reason the Arteries also claim a great share in the generation of it which is more conspicuous in high Salival Evacuations having often so great and extravagant Current into the Mouth that it cannot probably be supplied by the smaller and more slow Rivulets of the Animal Liquor destilling between the Filaments of the Nerves Thus having Cursorily run over the Origen of the Vessels through which the Salival Liquor is conveyed it remaineth that we take a short view of the Qualities of it Salival Liquor is a thin watry diaphanous body and Uses to which it is destined by Nature As to the Qualities of Salival Liquor it is a thin watry Diaphanous Body somewhat grosser and viscid and therefore less fluid then Water insipid in Healthy Persons but sometimes Salt Sour Bitter as in disaffected and disordered Habits of Body from Saline Acid or Bilious Particles derived from the serous part of the Blood The Composition of Saliva is so rare and wonderful that it will be difficult to describe it Saliva will associate with various bodies and it is easily embodied with all sorts of Dry Moist Saline Oily Watry Aliments of which none can be ingested into the Body with which it will not Mix and Associate and out of the Body it will Incorporate with Quick-Silver And when other Heterogeneous Liquors as Water Spirits Oyl and Saline Bodies being jumbled together seem to unite a little while being no true Mixture but only a Confusion So that these various Bodies of a disagreeing and inconsistent Nature do easily sever themselves one from another to which this Salival Liquor being added Salival Liquor is a kind of universal Menstruum and entreth in confaederacy with all kinds of Aliment whose compage it openeth in ordâ—r to dissolution its mediation reconcileth all differences making these various subjects unite and enter into consaederacies with each other so that this Salival Juice is a kind of universal Menstruum containing in it a large proportion of watry and a little Volatil Spirits so exactly mixed and contempered with less oily and acid Particles by whose interposition the Salival Later entreth into a speedy association with all kinds of different Aliments taken into the Mouth insinuating it self into the inward Recesses of all Alimentary Bodies disposing their Compage to a dissolution when entertained into the Stomach wherein by its assistance a separation is made of the finer Nutricious Juice from the grosser and unprofitable Faeces which is
a Disaffection of it and afterward runneth tranversely under the Stomach where the Colon being highly extended by a Flatus doth seem to girt the Body as with a Girdle and then the pain passeth down to the Spleen and left Kidney according to the progress of the Colon. This Disease is distinguished from the pain of the Stomach The pain of the Stomach iâ—seated above the Navil by reason of the Ventricle is always found above the Navil and passeth to the Spine between the Plate-Bones of the Shoulders adjacent to the ninth Vertebre of the Back to which the Stomach is fastned The Colick Pain is more hardly distinguishable from that of the Kidneys Colick pains are distinguished from that of the Kidney because the first is Pungent and Tensive and the other more â—ull and passeth down the side of the Belly to the Groin because they do agree in many Symptomes as the pain of the Belly Nauseousness Vomiting the suppression of Stools pain of the Back c. and are differenced by reason the pain of the Intestines is Tensive and Pungent and that of the Kidney dull and aking The Colick pain taketh up a great space in the lower Venter and Nephretick pain is confined within a small compass and is fixed in the same place and the Colick Passion runneth from side to side according to the progress of the Colon and the pain of the Kidney passeth down the side of the Abdomen to the Groin observing the course of the Ureters the Vomitings and suppression of gross Excrements are more violent in the Colick and the pain of the Kidney more oppresseth the Back and Thighs and the Disability of standing Upright is greater in the disaffection of the Kidneys then in Colick pains Although the pain in this Disease draweth the whole Apartiment into consent and more particularly the Intestines yet it s most proper sphear is the Colon where it is chiefly resident and most highly acteth its part proceeding from troublesome Contents lodged either in the Cavity or within the Tunicles of the great Gut which being of different dispositions do produce more remiss or intense pains as they offer less or greater violations to the tender Compage of the Colon as it is a Contexture made up of innumerable small Nervous Fibrils The Colon hath variety of pains produced by several Humours The variety of pains relating to the Colon. some are Burning and Beating others Piercing and Fixed some Pungent and Wandring and others Tensive The Colick Passion accompanied with heat and beating pains The Colick accompanied with beating pains is from Blood impelled into the substance of the Guts ariseth out of Blood impelled out of the Terminations of the Capillary Mesenterick Arteries into the substance of the Coats relating to the Colon wherein it is Stagnant as not received into the Extreamities of the Mesenterick Veins whence issueth an inflammation accompanied with great heat and beating pain coming also from the laceration of the capillary Arteries by a violent distention of the Coats in the Colon. A Man of mean condition being many days afflicted with violent Colick-pains could not be relieved by the help of Art and was at last freed from his trouble and misery by a happy departure His Body being opened and the Caul taken off the Guts the Colon appeared to equal the Calf of the Leg in bigness being highly distended with a large proportion of flatulent Matter and was swelled and inflamed where it was in conjunction with the Mesentery derived from a quantity of Blood flowing out of the broken capillary Arteries into the Parenchyma of the Colon produced by their over-great distention upon a high Flatus most conspicuous in this case High Colick pains denote large and repeated Blood-letting Colick pains proceeding from inflammations de note large Evacuation of Blood effected by Art to prevent the inflammation of the Colon and to hinder suppuration in this distemper which is of a dangerous consequence in the Guts proving often fatal to the Patient as ending in Gangreens Putrefaction and Death Decoction of Sarsaparilla and China are very good as accompanied with Flowers of Red Roses Sanicle Prunell Ladies Mantle Mouse Ear and other temperate or cooling Astringents and vulnerary Medicines which may be safely given in the beginning of the inflammation to hinder suppuration which if it cannot be helped gentle cleansing moderate and drying Medicines are to be advised to change and exiccate the ulcerous Matter and afterward healing and consolidating Medicines may be safely administred Piercing and fixed pains of the Colon may proceed from a sharp pancreatick Liquor mixed with clammy Phlegme Piercing and fixed pain may come from sharp pancreatick Liquor blended with viscid Phlegme which confineth the pain to some particular part of the Colon in which the noisome Recrements are lodged A young Maiden was tortured with grievous Colick pains as it were piercing the great Gut which could not be alleviated with purging Potions and Emollient and Discutient Clysters and although the fierceness of the pain was appeased for some space by Fomentations yet it returned again with great violence and at last spake a period to her miserable days The lower Apartiment being opened much vitreous Phlegme was discovered which lined the Colon in divers parts now and then equalling the bigness of a Bean and other times the greatness of a Walnut Pungent Colick pains may arise sometimes from sharp bilious Humors Colick pains may arise from sharp bilious Humors lodged within the Coats of the Guts lodged within the Coats of the Intestines giving their tender Fibrils a most high disturbance with sharp pricking pains A Child was highly afflicted with great Gripes accompanied with severe Convulsions which could not be quieted with proper Clysters and Fomentations so that at last after this great storm of Pains and Convulsive motions followed a calme of Death The Child being opened in the lower Venter her Guts were discovered to be tinged with a Saffron Colour running the length of the Intestines which proceeded from bilious Recrements mixed with Blood impelled by the termination of the misenterick Arteries into the Parenchyma of the Guts and lodged between their Tunicles which gave that Yellow hue to them This Disease denoteth Purging This Disease is cured by Medicines good for the Jaundies and alterative Medicines made of Salendine the great Turmerick Shavings of Ivory Rines of Berberies and Ash boiled in Water and Wine which do open the obstructed hepatick Duct and discharge the sharp bilious Recrements into the Intestines Pungent Colick pains may also be derived from sharp pancreatick and bilious Liquor not contained within the Coats of the Intestines but lodged in the Cells of the Colon highly torturing the fine contëxture of the inward Coat composed of numerous nervous Fibrils curiously interwoven by discomposing the union of their frame and in some sort severing them one from another which speaketh a high trouble and high trouble and pain to
the right side of this Fish A Thornback A Thornback hath no Bladder of Urine hath its Kidneys beginning †T. 44. F. 2. a. in small Dimensions and afterward grow larger they are compounded of many broad Lobules set edgewise all along the Spine which is very rare in the Kidneys of Fish and are much larger toward their Terminations †b. and end in short Ureters which are implanted into the Intestinum Rectum which serveth in stead of the Bladder of Urine A Crocodile A Crocodile is destitute of the Bladder of of Urine saith Learned Borichius hath oblong red Glandulous Kidneys which have Ureters inserted into the Intestinum Rectum His words are these Renes oblongi Glandulosi rubicundi ex quibus utrinque Ductus patutus amplus membranaceusque descendere progrediebatur ad ultima usque Intestini Recti ut Liquorem Excrementitium Urinosumque eo amandaret cum Vesicae nullum usquam vestigium repertum fuerit CHAP. XXXII Of the Pathologie of the Bladder of Vrine THe Bladder of Urine is obnoxious to divers Diseases Inflammations The Diseases of the Bladder Apostumes Ulcers Gangraens Scirrhus Cancers Obstructions overmuch Distention and Straightness and to the Stone the most afflictive Disease of all An Inflammation hath for its Diagnostick Tension Hardness An Inflammation of the Bladder great heat and pain in the region of the Bladder about the Share-Bone to which may be added a weakness of Excretion of Urine accompanied with a Tenesmus by consent of parts a Symptomatick Fever Thirst and a Chilness of the outward parts This dangerous Disease is derived sometimes from External Causes The causes of its Inflammation as violent Riding a Fall Stroke c. whereby the Hypogastrick Capillary Arteries being often broken do pour out a quantity of Blood into the substance of the Bladder where it is stagnant as not being admitted into the Roots of the Hypogastrick Veins whereupon the Blood having lost its motion doth lose its bounty too which is preserved by Circulation and acquireth a corruptive Indisposition by turning the Serous part and Indigested Chyle associating it into a putrid Matter the cause of an Aposteme which being of a sharp corrosive nature maketh its way through the Parenchyma of the Bladder to the outward Coat which it perforates and determines into an Ulcer An Inflammation and Ulcer of the Bladder Ulcers of the Bladder is also generated by Stones lodged in its Cavity and grating upon the tender inward Coat and bring a quantity of Blood into it and sometimes by opening the termination of the Vessels do produce a bloody Water An Inflammation of the Bladder The indication of an Inflammation doth indicate in the first place the opening of a Vein after or before which a Clyster may be Administred and Emulsions made of the Cooling Seeds and temperate Diet-Drinks of China Sarsa-parilla and Medicines contemperating the Blood and Urine composed of Barley-water Seeds of Poppy Syrup of Water-Lillies Poppies c. Outwardly may be applied Fomentations of Emollient Herbs without Discutients which do highten the Inflammation divers kinds of Injections are profitable as Milk and Water Barley-water mixed with Honey of Roses streined or Syrup of Red Roses or a Decoction of Barley-water to which may be added the white Trochisces of Rasis a Semicupium prepared with Milk and Water of themselves or Water boiled with Emollient Herbs to which Milk may be added after the boiling Ulcers of the Bladder in reference to gross and serous Recrements do indicate Drying and Detergent Medicines as Diet Drinks of China Sarsaparilla mixed with Sassafrass and Vulnerary Roots and Herbs and gentle Purgatives of Cassia Tamarindes Senna Syrup of Peach Flowers Roses Solutive c. may be added to the Diet Drinks the Injection before mentioned may be mixed with Mouse-Ear the great Fluellin Prunella Cumphrey c. Ratione solutae unitatis which is the last indication in Ulcers Astringent and Drying Powders may be taken made of dried Cumphrey Roots Gum Arabick Red Saunders c. mixed with Sugar Candy A Scirrhus of the Bladder may proceed from a quantity of Pituitous Humours stagnated in the Interstices of the Vessels whose moister parts being evaporated the more gross are Concreted and thereby do indurate the substance of the Bladder A Noble Man having had many signs of a Stone lodged in his Bladder was highly afflicted for many Years with the Strangury And his Body being opened after Death no Stone was found but a hard Swelling which was of so great Dimensions that it almost filled up the Cavity of the Bladder leaving little or no space for the reception of Urine The straightness of the Neck of the Bladder often proceedeth from Obstruction and sometimes from Compression As to the first It is often generated by sabulous Matter Stones Grumous Blood Pus Mucous and clammy Matter Caruncles and Warts stopping the Urinary passage and intercepting the free current of Urine The straightness of the Neck of the Bladder may also be derived from the swelling of the neighbouring parts compressing it as also from the repletion of the Intestinum Rectum with hard Excrements and from the Inflammation of the Penis and Neck of the Bladder straightning the Urinary Channel CHAP. XXXIII Of Vrine THe watry Liquors being the more moist and fluid part of Meat and Drink in its first Rudiment is afterward Concocted with the Oily and Salt parts of Aliments in the Stomach and other Viscera and then associates with the Blood in various Tubes of Arteries and Veins to give it a thin consistence and render it fluid in order to Motion and to put the Vital Liquor into a capacity to insinuate it self into the most straight Capillaries and to pass when extravasated in the narrow Interstices of Vessels from the terminations of Arteries into the Origens of the Veins to prevent the stagnancy of Blood and Inflammations of Fleshy and Membranous parts So that this Potulent Matter being a Vehicle of Blood doth in its converse and motion with it embody with Saline and Sulphureous parts not serviceable to Nature and dischargeth them as mixed with it by Salival Liquor Sweat and Urine Urine borroweth its first Origen from thin Potulent Liquor The origen of Urine as its Materia Substrata and is compounded of Vinous Spirituous Sulphureous Saline Watry and Earthy Particles which may be made clear in Destillation The discovery of the parts of Urine by Destillation First arise the vinous spirit then watry mixed with most saline and some sulphureous Particles The first that rise are some few Vinous Spirits impraegnating Phlegm Next follow the Watry parts in a greater source embodied with most Saline and some Sulphureous parts Thirdly Doth rise the Spirit of Urine impraegnated with Salt of a fixed quality which is rendred Volatil by great degrees of heat exalting its sharp and pungent disposition whereupon divers preparations of Salt and Spirit of Urine are made by Art
which being of an Aperient and Diuretick Ingeny do open the Obstructions seated in the Minute Vessels of the Viscera and the Compage of the Blood and give it a power of freely discharging its Recrements with a large proportion of Urine And last of all when the more thin and watry parts of Urine are evaporated in Destillation the Salt and Earthy Particles subside in the bottom of the Alembick and if the Salt be sublimated by a more intense Fire it will quit the company of the Caput Mortuum and leave it alone So that the Fire in Destillation will discover and separate the several Elements of Urine of which the least if any are the Vinous parts The next in small proportion are the Sulphureous and Earthy and the greatest in quantity are the Watry and Saline The Sulphureous parts are few by reason Urine cast upon Fire doth not bring it into a Flame by reducing its Atomes into a violent Motion and eruption as mixing with Air but rather subdues and quencheth it and that Urine hath some rancid oily parts may be proved by its Faetide smell arising chiefly from Putrefaction as long kept wherein the compage of the Urine being highly opened the Sulphureous steams do embody with the Air and give a great disturbance to the Nostrils in their noisome smell Saltness may be discerned in Urine as being somewhat akin to Nitre in taste which is derived from the salt particles of Aliment which are exalteid by Concoction in the Stomach and motion of the Blood in the Vessels and acquire greater degrees of volatility as they more and more associate with the Vital Spirit and heat and as the Blood is more or less laudable in point of temper the Urine participates more volatil or fixed Salt and is endued with colour and consistence Urine hath somewhat of Vinous Spirit though very little which may be evinced because it doth so soon evaporate and leave the Watry parts as affected with Sulphureous obnoxious to Putrefaction and the Vinous parts do appear by reason they render the Urine capable of Intestine Motion by which the thin parts admit a secretion from the more gross which fall down to the bottom after the Urine hath been some time made and setled And after the fixed saline Particles are exalted by the heat and ferments of the Stomach and Circulation of the Blood in the Vessels they are made Volatil and associate with the Spirituous parts of the Urine which as they are more or less abundant and active do produce divers kinds of Hypostasis The watry parts of Urine The watry parts of Urine are manifest in reference to their fluid and moistning quality and do far exceed the Spirituous Sulphureous Saline and Earthy in proportion and cannot be extracted so simple but that they are associated with Volatil Saline and Sulphureous parts And the consistence which Urine hath The consistence of Urine doth denote its gross and earthy parts which upon long Destillation when the moist Particles are totally exhausted and evaporated do fall and rest in the bottom of the Alembick The grossness and earthiness of the Urine is derived from the faeculency of the Chyme which hath divers Heterogeneous parts that cannot be Assimilated into Blood whereupon they embody with the Potulent Matter and are carried into the Kidneys in order to secretion in the Glands and expulsion by the Urinary Ducts The Urine is less in quantity The quantity of Urine then the Liquid substance we entertain into our Mouth and Stomach by reason somewhat of the Potulent Matter is evaporated by the heat of the Stomach and some of it often mixeth with the more solid Excrements and rendreth them moist and some part of the watry Liquor is afterward confaederated with the Purple Liquor to make it thin and fluid which moving through the greater and less Branches of Arteries till it arriveth the Capillaries inserted into the Glands of the Skin wherein it is secerned from the Blood and passeth the Excretory Ducts by Sweat and insensible Transpiration which much lesseneth the Potulent Matter the ground of Urine Drink Drink the Materia Substrata of Urine the Materia Substrata of Urine being received into the Mouth and carried through the Gulet into the Stomach embodies with Serous and Nervous Ferments whereby the Potulent Matter assisted with the heat of the Stomach becomes a fit Menstruum to Colliquate and dissolve the more solid Aliment and extract a Milky Tincture which is attenuated by this watry Liquor accompanying it through the Mesenterick and Thoracick Ducts into the Subclavian Veins where it espouseth the Blood in an intimate union to which it imparteth its more delicate and Alimentary Particles upon which account it looseth somewhat of its Liquor which being associated with the Crystalline part of the Blood and Succus Nutricius is entertained into the Pores of the Vessels and assimilated into their substance and afterward the reliques of the Potulent Matter growing effaete and useless as despoiled of its Alimentary Juice are embodied with the gross Sulphureous Saline and Earthy parts of the Blood as disserviceable to it which then is impelled out of the left Chamber of the Heart by the common and Descendent Trunk of the Aorta and Emulgent Artery into the Glands of the Kidneys wherein the Serous Recrements are secerned from the Vital Liquor by vertue of a Ferment making a kind of Precipitation or rather received by Percolation into the Excretory Vessels and thence carried through the Papillary Caruncles Pelvis and Ureters into the Bladder as a common receptacle of useless Potulent Liquor When the Chyme associated with the Blood in the Subclavian Veins is afterward broken into small Particles by motion in the Vessels and by the repeated Contractions of the Ventricles of the Heart and by the Intestine Motion of the Blood produced by its various Elements and by the different parts of the Chyme whereupon the Chyme is assimilated into Blood and the Heterogeneous Recrements of Sulphur and Salt The Amber colour of Urine not fit for Assimilation are united by Coction with the Potulent Matter giving it an Amber Colour which may be resembled to Salt of Tartar and Sulphur boiled together in Water which do render it of a Yellowish Colour or if Antimony full of Sulphur be boiled in a Menstruum impraegnated with Salt it will give a tincture of yellow to the Liquor not unlike that of Urine as Doctor Willis hath observed The Alimentary Liquor extracted out of Meat in the Stomach by vertue of its heat and Serous and Nervous Ferments hath different Elements of Salt and Sulphur some of which being so fixed and gross that they cannot be made constituent principles of the Blood are thereupon incorporated by heat and motion with the Vehicle of it to which they being united by Coction do give watry Recrements a Yellow hue If the Alimentary Liquor be not duly extracted out of the Contents of the Stomach caused by
in the Apertion of the Breast their Appendants is turned into a Pus making first an Aposteme and afterward an Ulcer through which some Corrupt Matter is received into the Bronchia and Expectorated and some of the other part of the Pus was lodged in the Cavity of the Thorax and other parts may be evacuated downward by Stool and upward by Vomiting as also by Urine by reason Nature is very sollicitous by all ways possible to preserve it self by various Evacuations of ill Matter Of this admirable case I shall take the boldness to give an Instance An Instance of this case in Mr. Echins a Gentleman of Northamptonshire in Mr. Echins a Gentleman of Northampton-shire related to a Person of Honour Colonel Stroade Governor of Dover-Castle who was oppressed with a great Cough a high difficulty of Breathing accompanied with a slow putrid Fever and many other Diagnosticks which follow an Ulcer of the Lungs and an Empyema flowing from a source of Purulent Matter entertained from the confines of the Lungs into the capacity of the Breast falling down upon the Diaphragm In order to evacuate the Matter of this Disease and to relieve the aggrieved Lungs and Midriff an Apertion was made in the Intercostal Muscles between the Ribs by Mr. Pierce a Skilful Chyrurgeon relating to the Hospital of St. Thomas whereupon the Thorax being opened a quantity of Sanious and Purulent Matter was discharged through the wound and he also freely Excerned it by Coughing Vomiting by Stool and by Urine All these Evacuations were plain to sense but the great difficulty remaineth how Nature could expel the Peccant Matter by these several ways which I humbly conceive may be accomplished after this manner Some part of the Pus was transmitted into the Bronchia and thrown up by Coughing and some other portion of it was entertained out of the substance of the Bronchia and Sinus only Apostemated and not Ulcered into the Extremities of of the Pulmonary Veins and carried through the left Ventricle of the Heart causing great faintness and dejection of Spirit attended with a Fever and Descendent Trunk of the Aorta into the Caeliack Artery and its Terminations into the Cavity of the Stomach whence it was expelled by Vomiting and afterward some part of the Pus was conveyed farther by the Descendent Trunk into the Branches and Extremities of the upper and lower Mesenterick Arteries into the Cavity of the Intestines and thrown off by Stool and the reliques of the Purulent Excrements not carried off by the Caeliack and Mesenterick Arteries did descend lower by the said Arterial Trunk into the Emulgent Arteries and their Capillaries implanted into the Glands of the Kidneys in which a Secretion was made of the Purulent Matter from the Blood and embodied with the Serous Recrements whereupon they were received into the Urinary Ducts and carried through the Pelvis and Ureters into the Cavity of the Bladder and thence Excerned with the Urine through the Urethra In order to the Cure of these many Complicated Diseases The Cure of an Empyema by an Apertion of the Thorax Pectorals Diureticks and Healing and Consolidating Medicines and Restoratives in reference to the Hectick Fever I advised Hydromels made of Pectorals to help the Expectoration of Purulent Matter and of Diureticks to carry it off by Urine and in reference to the Ulcer I prescribed cleansing drying and Consolidating Medicines and in point of the Hectick Fever I ordered attemperating and restorative Applications made of Chyna Sarsa Parilla Ground-Ivy Maiden-Hair Shavings of Ivory and Harts-horn boiled in Water and Honey as also destilled Milks made with Pectorals Diureticks Vulneraries Restoratives which were given with new Milk as also in this case Balsomick Pills and Syrups may be administred with good success and in point of Diet the Patient did eat and drink Milk all manner of ways Milk boiled with Bread and Water boiled sometimes with Barley and other times with Oatmeal to which Milk was added to make a Pottage which is proper in this Disease as being cleansing and restorative By this method of Physick and Diet the Patient was perfectly restored to his health and strength many years ago and is yet alive and healthy as a Monument of God's wonderful Mercy And I hope will live long to speak his great Praise and Glory in the land of the Living CHAP. XI Of the Pericardium or Capsula of the Heart THe Capsula or Membrane encompassing the Heart The Compage of the Pericardium is a strong firm Enclosure made up of minute Fibrils curiously Enterwoven and is Contiguous to the Heart at some distance to give it a free play in its various Alternate motions of Systole and Diastole or rather Contraction and Relaxation It deriveth its Origen near the Base of the Heart from the external Coat of the Pleura or Mediastine The Origen of the Pericardium which encircleth the Vessels divaricated through the outward surface of the Heart Most Anatomists do assign but one Membrane to the Pericardium and Learned Riolan two and I humbly conceive it to be furnished with three The first and outward proceeding from the Mediastine The outward Coat of the Pericardium is fastned to the Middle Coat by the interposition of many thin Tunicles which I discovered in parting it from the second Membrane The outward is accommodated with many Cells or Membranous Vesicles the repositories of Fat which in a well stalled Ox doth very much shade and immure this first Integument The middle Coat being closely conjoyned to the outward The middle Coat is somewhat thinner than it and is composed of a great company of Fibres finely interwoven and close stuck and interspersed with a white Parenchyma The third Tunicle whose inside maketh the inward surface of the Pericardium is the most fine of all the Coverings The third Coat which I severed from the middle Coat and discovered it to be beset with many minute Glands the Fontinels as I apprehend of the Serous Liquor contained in the Pericardium As to its Connexion The Connexion of the Pericardium it is fastned in its outward surface to the Mediastine by the interposition of many Fibrils and conjoyned to it about the Base of the Heart where a passage is made to the Blood-vessels and in its lower Region to the Center of the Diaphragm The Contexture of this Membrane hath much affinity with that of other Membranes relating to the Body of Man The Structure of the Pericardium as it is a strong Compage made up of a great store of Membranous Filaments or Nervous Fibrils curiously spun and interwoven and interspersed with a Succus Nutricius or Seminal Matter adhering to the sides of the Coats of the Fibrils in their first Generation This Membrane is furnished with small Vessels of different kinds The Vessels of the Pericardium Veins from the Phrenick and Axillary branches and Arteries though very small from the Coronary branches of the Heart and
the Heart A fourth cause of the inordinate motion of the Heart may be deduced from the Nerves A fourth cause of Convulsive motions in the Heart animating the Carnous Fibres of the Arteries which do interrupt the equal and natural course of the Blood by reason the Cavities of the Arteries are very much narrowed by the Convulsion of the Nerves inserted into the Carnous Fibres whereupon the impulse of Blood is stopped as in the disorder of the Nerves in great passions of Anger Fear Sorrow and the like which cause great consternation and confusion So that it is probable that the Trunk of the Aorta being very much lessened by the Convulsion of the Nervous Fibril drawing the Carnous seated in the Coat of the great Artery adjoyning to the left Chamber of the Heart much hinder the motion of the Blood out of the Heart into the Aorta whereupon the Ventricle of the Heart being highly distended by overmuch Blood will cause many violent Pulsations or Convulsive Contractions to discharge the exuberant quantity of Blood into the Orifice of the great Artery Persons subject to immoderate passion of Anger Grief Joy and those that are much afflicted with Hypocondriacal and Scorbutical Diseases are very obnoxious upon every light occasion and sometimes without any provocation to passions and convulsive motions of the Heart called vulgarly the Palpitations of it as having the Cardiack Nerves affected with a gross Succus Nutricius proceeding from ill humors in a Cachectick body oppressed with Acide Ferments of the Blood acted also with gross saline Particles Palpitations of the Heart also proceed from a great quantity of Blood ready to suffocate the Heart and put the Fibres of the Heart into inordinate Motions as well as the Nerves highly irritated by an exuberance of Blood compressing of the Heart and thereby hindring the passage of the Nervous Liquor in the Interstices of the Filaments often productive of Convulsive motions afflicting the Heart These irregular motions are also generated in the origen of the Nerves when they are disordered with some Acrimonious Matter vellicating the Fibres seated in the ambient parts of the Brain As to the Cure of these Convulsive Motions producing a great exuberance of Stagnant Vital Liquor in the Heart it denoteth frequent opening of a Vein to sollicite the motion of Stagnant Blood to abase its quantity And in reference to the cause of Convulsions seated in the Nerves producing the palpitation of the Heart Cephalick Apozemes Electuaries Spirit of Hearts Horn Spirit of Amber Succinated c. may be of great use CHAP. XX. Of the Motion of the Blood HAving given my Sentiments of the Structure and Motion of the Heart I will now Treat of the Motion of the Blood as the End and Complement of the other by reason the Heart is designed by Nature to be a rare Engine of Motion to make good the circulation of the Vital Liquor The All Wise and Omnipotent Agent created Man as the Soveraign of this lower Orb after his own Image and inspired him with the Spirit of life conserved by Motion of the Blood and to this end the Grand Architect hath framed a fit Apparatus of Organs the Heart as a noble Blood-work furnished with numerous appendages of Channels as so many Sanguiducts the Veins and Arteries to import and export streams of Blood to and from the Heart as a choice Engine to promote the Motion of the Blood the great preservative of Life In order to the better understanding of the Motion of the Blood these Considerables may seem to offer themselves to our notice First The manner how this Motion is accomplished Secondly What quantity of Blood passeth through the chambers of the Heart in a short space of time Thirdly The Cisterns and Ducts through which this noble Liquor floweth out of the Heart first into the Lungs and after runs into all parts of the Body And Lastly the end to which the Motion of the Blood is consigned The manner of the motion of the vital Liquor The Motion of the vital Liquor is performed by the Diastole and Systole of the Heart the First is rather a Laxament than a Motion wherein its Fibres are relaxed by streams of Blood expanding the cavities of the Heart which being received through numerous Pores into the inward Compage of the fleshy fibres do enlarge their Dimensions and put them upon greater and greater Contractions as they more and more approach the center whereby the Concave surface of the Ventricles grow less and less as they approach nearer and nearer to each other In the Diastole of the distended fibres The Ventricles of the Heart are distended with Blood in the Diastole and emptied by a Systole the Ventricles are dilated with a quantity of Blood filling up their Cavities and in the Systole their concave Perimeter is taken up with fleshy fibres having imbibed innumerable drops of Blood whereupon the inward swelled walls of the Heart being drawn close to each other do squeeze the drops contained in the pores of the Fibres and the greater streams of Blood lately received into the empty spaces of the Ventricles into the neighbouring Arteries to make good the Motion of the Blood As to the manner how the motion of the vital Juyce is managed out of the Cistern of the Heart into the adjacent Sanguiducts The manner how the Motion of the Blood is made in the Blood-Vessels some conceive it to be acted mechanically by a spiral wreathing of the Fibres after the same manner as water is squeezed out of wet Cloaths by a greater and greater winding them round whereby the drops of liquor lodged in the many interstices of the Filaments do quit their Allodgments but it may be proved by Reason and ocular Demonstration that there can be no such straining the Blood by the constriction of the Ventricles of the Heart by the same Organs and the same mechanical action by reason the filaments of the Cloth were laxe before their Contorsion as having many interstices obtaining a repletion by many drops of Water but afterward when the Cloth was variously modelled into divers wreaths the filaments were forced to make many Circumvolutions about the body of the Cloth whereupon the threads were not only lengthened into oblong Gyres but were also lessened in bulk and rendred more tense but the repletion of the Cavities of the Heart with Blood was made in a different manner from that of the Interstices of the Filaments of the Cloth filled with Water in which the Threads require greater Dimensions in length but the Fibres of the Heart are rather contracted according to the nature of all Muscular Fibres and the Cavities of the Heart grow greater in breadth as being expanded by the repletion of Blood and above all the Pores of the Fibres and Cavities of the Ventricles are not emptied by any Contortion as it is made inward in the Filaments of Cloth when the Water is squeezed out of their Interstices
a Lancet or with Leeches Millepedes bruised alive may be infused in some pectoral Decoction or Simple Waters to which may be added when strained some proper cephalick compound Waters with some double refined Sugar two or three drops of Tincture of Sulphur or Lac of Sulphur may be used in some convenient Liquor I have given a History of divers kinds of Coughs and their Cures as making way for a Consumption as an inveterate Cough which often degenerates into it when it is so far aggravated that the native Compage of the Blood is loosened by reason not only the serous Recrements but the Chyme nervous Liquor and Lympha are transmitted through the pores of the Membranous frame of the Bronchia and their appendages into their Concave spaces whereupon the vesicles of the Lungs grow so tumefied that their fine party-Walls are broken and one common vesicle is made of many running into one wherein a quantity of divers sorts of Recrements are accumulated whence ariseth a great Effervescence derived from superfluous Fermentations Liquors of a contrary Ingeny as endued with heterogeneous Elements whereupon they being stagnant in the spaces of the Vesicles do often ferment and putrefy and by corroding the tender membranous composition of the Lungs do generate First a deep Cough and then a Consumption so that the mass of Blood transmitted through the Lungs is tainted and made unfit for nutrition In reference to the cure of this Tabide distemper The First Indication in the cure of a Consumption Three Indications do occurr The First is to rectify the laxe body of Blood to keep it from throwing its chymous and serous Faeces in the bosom of the Bronchia and Vesicles As also by correcting the Acidity of the vital Liquor by sweetening Medicines The Second Indication to help the expectoration of gross and sharp Recrements by specifick Pectorals The Second Indication The Third Indication is to make good the dissolved union The Third Indication or continuation of parts by healing strengthening and drying Medicines The First Indication may be chiefly satisfied in Aliment of an easy Concoction that the milky extract elaborated first in the Stomach and afterward conveyed by the Thoracick Ducts into the subclavian Vessels may be assimilated into the Blood without making great superfluities which are causes of great Defluxions Coughs and Consumptions and that the Aliment may be composed of sweet and mild parts which may be easily separated from the more gross as being for the most part Homogeneous may be turned into Blood without any high or unkindly Effervescence Flesh not good in weak Tabide Bodies whereupon Asses Cows or Goats-milk Water-gruel Barley-gruel Barley Cream Panada and Aliment prepared with Almonds as not consisting of many Heterogeneous Elements are easy of digestion but a Diet of several kinds of fat Flesh is hard to be concocted and nourisheth less in a weak Consumptive Body by reason when the alimentary Liquor is strong and gross it cannot be turned into good Blood and being Fermentative as made up of many disagreeing Particles doth make an ill Fermentation of the Blood so that crude Chyme extracted out of Meat hard of digestion doth not feed the Body but the Disease Secondly By reason the Tone of the Blood being loose tâ—is apt to be dissolved into many sero us recrements whereupon it is very agreeable to reason that Medicines sweetening the Blood should be exhibited as vulnerary Apozemes mixed with pectorals which take off the acidity of the blood when Medicines prepared with Sulphur are added to them which are to be freely used if a Hectick Fever be absent Decoctions also made with roots of China Restorative Medicines are beneficial in a Pthisis Sarza-parilla prepared with Ground-Ivy Maidenhair Raisons of the Sun c. may be freely taken for common Drinks in Tabide Bodies Thirdly In the beginning of a Consumption Bleeding gentle Purgâ—tives and Diureticks c. are good The First Indication in the beginning of a Consumption may be satisfied by lessening the exuberant superfluities of the Blood by Bleeding gentle Purgatives and Diureticks warm Baths Fontanels Blistering Plaisters Shaving of the Head Cephalick Plaisters gentle Sternutatories and Medicines evacuating serous Recrements out of the Oral Glands by the Excretory Ducts of the Mouth and Tongue The Second Indication in the rise of a Consumption is satisfied by Medicines assisting Expectoration which discharge by coughing the gross Chyme commonly called Phlegme and acide watry superfluities of the Blood lodged in the Bronchia and adjacent Cells upon this account Medicines taken into the Mouth may distil down the sides of the Wind-pipe and impart their opening Attenuating Inciding and detergent Medicines are advantageous in Coughs and Consumptions arising out of a gross viscide lentous Matter inciding and detergent Particles to the gross Phlegme and do open incide and relaxe their gross clammy Body and render them fit for Excretion and by irritating the nervous and fleshy Fibres of the Air-vessels do procure the expulsion of Recrements setled in the spungy Compage of the Lungs As to the First Indication in the beginning of a Consumption fetched from Acide Recrements apt to corrode the Bronchia and Sinus in which they are lodged Testaceous Powders may be given consisting of Pearl Egg-shells Crabs Claws or Eies Coral c. drinking after every Dose a draught of Milk-water made of Ground-Ivy Hysop Pine and Firr Nutmegs c. sweetened with Sugar-Candy which do take off the Acidity of the vital Liquor Drops of tincture of Sulphur and Oil and Milk of Sulphur may be used often in a draught of a pectoral Decoction which do countermand the acide saline parts of the Blood In relation to the crude Chyme or Phlegme Oxymels are proper in a Consumption and pectoral Decoctions distilling into the Cavities of the Air-pipes and Cells all sorts of Oxymels may be given either by themselves or mixed with Syrup of Hysop Horehound Ground-Ivy prepared with some few grains of Gum Ammoniack Pectoral Decoctions are good made of some of the Five opening Roots or Enula-Campane shavings of Ivory the Leaves of Ground-Ivy Hysop c. strained and sweetened with Syrup of Maiden-hair Hysop or Sugar-Candy Medicines made of Garlick either by Decoction or in Syrup or Condited mixed with other mild Pectorals are very beneficial to help Expectoration if a Consumption be not attended with a slow or Hectick Fever which doth Indicate cooling Emulsions c. made with the cooling Seeds and Almonds sweetened with Sugar-Candy as also Milk-waters made with temperate Pectorals to which may be added in a small quantity Magistral Snail-water mingled with prepared Pearl and Sugar-Candy The Third Indication in a Consumption may be satisfied with cleansing The Third Indication of a Consumption is satisfied with cleansing drying and consolidating Medicines drying and consolidating Medicines as vulnerary Decoctions prepared with Pectorals As also Conserve of Roses Flower of Brimstone and some few drops of the
most pure Oil of Turpentine made into an Electuary of a thin consistence with Honey of Roses strained and Syrup of dried Roses In this case Conserve of Roses Powder of Fox Lungs mixed with some few drops of Tincture of Sulphur and Syrup of Jujube may be advised with good success Trochisces may be prepared with Powder of Bugles Sanicle Ground Ivy Flower of Brimstone penidiate Sugar juyce of Liquorice diluted with Snail water Tablets may be made of Powders of Prunel Flowers of Red Roses Flower of Brimstone Ladies-mantle into Tablets with dissolved Sugar boiled to a due consistence Pills may be formed of Powder of Liquorice Red Roses Gum Arabick Tragacanth Olibanum with Balsome of Tolu Peru c. Die t-drinks made of China Sarza-parilla and some Lignum Sanctum if there be no Hectick Fever Saunders shavings of Ivory and Harts-Horn Raisons of the Sun let them be infused and boiled according to Art and strained and a little sweetned with Sugar-Candy Balsome waters may be made with Turpentine dissolved with Oil of Tartar Roots of Iris Enula-Campane the Leaves of Ground-Ivy Hysop White Horehound distilled in Balneo Marix with Coltsfoot-water and Malaga Sack which may be taken in a few spoonfuls with any pectoral Decoction or Syrup of Hysop or Ground-Ivy Suffumigations may be also administred in the beginning of a Consumption by reason the Fumes are received into the Lungs with the Air to dry open strengthen and preserve them from putrefaction And to this effect take the Leaves of Hysop Ground-Ivy Sanicle Bugles Enula-Campane Red Roses Red Saunders and boil them in Water and receive them into the Mouth by a Funnel And dry Suffumigations made of Balsamicks and sometimes of sulphureous Medicines as Olibanum Benioin White Amber Gum Guaicum Flowers of Red Roses Red Saunders Balsom of Tolu As also of Gum of Ivy Mastick Frankincense Flower of Brimstone the Leaves of Sanicle Ladies-Mantle Ground-Ivy c. which are good to dry up the Recrements discharged into the Cavities of the Bronchia and Sinus and to strengthen the loose Compage of the Lungs Sometimes in great Cases Fumes of the Flower of Brimstone Olibanum Frachincense Styrax White Amber and a little of prepared Arsenick may be received into the Lungs with great benefit to dry and heal them in point of a Consumption Empyricks do advise parts of prepared Arsenick to be put into a Pipe and the Fume to be received into the Tabide Lungs after the manner of Tobacco which hath been done with good success But in a deplorable and desperate Consumption these Fumes cannot be advised as much intending the Hectick Fever the sad companion of an Ulcer of the Lungs wherefore its best in such cases to advise Emulsions Asses Milk and Milk distilled with Pectorals and Snails and a slender Diet of White Possets as made of a small quantity of Beer whereby the Milk is not wholly turned into Curd and Water-gruel Barley-gruel Barley-Creme and thin Panada c. and also Syrups of Maidenhair Liquorice Coltsfoot and the like which contemperate the Phlogosis of the Lungs and help Expectoration Draughts of Black Cherry water and of Coltsfoot and Red Poppy and Cowslips may be given often to procure Rest which giveth ease and refreshment to the decayed Patient Distilled Water made of Green Blades or Ears of Corn mixed with Snail-water and Syrup e Meconio are beneficial in Hectick Fevers Barley-water boiled with the parings of Pippins Pearmains and condited Eringo Roots Raisons of the Sun adding a little Liquorice at last and some double refined Sugar may be used instead of common Drink CHAP. LVIII Of the Spitting of Blood HAving discoursed of a Cough and Consumption Spitting of Blood it may not be improper now to speak of Spitting of Blood as a disease near akin and often terminating into it The fine Compage of the Lungs made up of many greater and lesser Tubes and Sinus into which the Air hath a free play to and fro is shaded with variety of Arteries and Veins as so many Channels importing and exporting Rivulets of Blood in various Maeanders whereupon this Fermenting Liquor as hurried with an unkindly Torrent when it is rendred disordered by a great Effervescence flowing from highly Fermentative Heterogeneous Principles endeavouring to subue each other by hot disputes so that the Blood is not regularly received by the extremities of the Veins The cause of Spitting of Blood in order to be conveyed into the Heart but is transmitted through the terminations of the pulmonary and Bronchial Arteries into the substance and afterward by secret pores into Cavities of the Bronchia and adjacent Sinus thereby irritating their nervous and fleshy Fibres by contracting the spaces of the Air-vessels to eject the troublesome Blood by an impetuous motion of expired Breath commonly called a Cough into the Mouth whence it is thrown out of the folding doors of the Lips by Spitting About this troublesome and sometimes fatal disease as a fore-runner of a Hectick Fever and a Consumption three considerables are worthy our remark The First is by what Vessels this unnatural Fluxe of Blood is transmitted into the inward recesses of the Lungs The Second is into what place it is conveyed The Third is the manner how it is expelled out of the Lungs The Blood is enraged by a tumultuary agitation Various Fermentative Recrements vitiating the bounty of the Blood and hindring its Motion and great Effervescence as clogged with various Fermentative Recrements whereby it is despoiled of its natural mild intestine Motion and not to be carried according to the rules of circulation into the Origens of the pulmonary Veins to be conveyed into the Left Chamber of the Heart Hence the Blood being disordered by an unkindly Ebullition quitteth its wonted Channels of the Veins and is imparted by the Extremities of the Arteries First into the extremity and body of the Bronchia and their membranous vessels and from thence by small Ducts opened by Heat and fierce Motion into the spaces of the Air-Vessels The Spitting of Blood is sometimes caused by Laceration and other times by the corrosion of the Blood-Vessels of the Lungs the Blood also may have an eruption into the cavities of the Lungs when the Sanguiducts are lacerated by any contusion or corroded by acide vitriolick Recrements confederated with the Blood whereupon it floweth in a greater stream then ordinary into the Cylinders and Cells of Air and is thence protruded by the motion of the circular Fibres lessening the Cavity of the Aspera Arteria into the larger apartiment of the Mouth The various indisposition of the Blood concurreth most chiefly to the Spitting of it The thin and sharp indisposition of the Blood is a cause of Spitting it either when it is very thin and sharp as affected with acide saline Particles so that when it is carried out of the confines of the Arteries into the Interstices of the Vessels it opens the secret passages or corrodes the tender
and to the Neck and under the Ears have proved very beneficial in this case Inward Medicines made of Cooling Ingredients and temperate Specificks may be safely administered After Bleeding and Purging Topicks may be used in which a care must be had that repelling Medicines be not applied to the disaffected parts which do incrassate the thin Humors and so detaining them do increase the pain and inflammation Astringents made of Bole-Armenick Dragons Blood Mastick and Red Roses may be mixed with the White of an Egg and Red Rose Vineger and applied to the Forehead by which the Humor flowing toward the Eyes may be repelled Among Anodynes in violent pains accompanying the inflammation of the Eyes Milk especially that of a Woman may be injected gently into the aggrieved part The White of an Egg beaten into a thin watry Liquor is highly commended by great Galen as alleviating pain and gently checking the flux of Humors The Pulp of a roasted Apple is a good Anodyne in this case and Mucilages of the Seeds of Psyllium and Quinces extracted in Rose Water which must be often renewed lest being long made they contract a soureness and discompose the inflamed Eyes In the beginning of the Disease a Cataplasm may be made of the Pulp of a rosted Apple of the Seeds of Psyllium and Quinces extracted in Rose Water and with a little of the White of an Egg beaten into Water and of Womans Milk and being mixed may be applied to the Eyes The White of an Egg being beaten up with a little Alome in a Leaden Dish to the consistence of an Ointment may prove very advantageous in this case if it be applied to the Eye but an hour or thereabouts and then removed lest by its long stay it should overmuch thicken the Humors in the Eyes and heighten the Disease In the increase of the Disease gentle Discutients may be mingled with repelling Medicines as destilled Water of Eye-bright Fennel Salendine the Great mixed with the Mucilages of Line-seed extracted in Rose Water to which may be added upon occasion the Trochisci Albi Rasis sine opio and Prepared Tutty and Sarcocol nourished with Milk when the Disease cometh toward a hight This last Ingredient must be often macerated in Milk and several times changed else it groweth soure and spoileth the vertue of the Medicine Quercetan in his Pharmacopeia giveth a great Character of Crocus Metallorum infused in Eye-bright or Fennel Water which is powerful in this case and doth not discompose the Eye with any sharpness A Water may be prepared with Calcined Lead or Lytharge and with Minion Red Lead infused in White Wine Vineger which being applied to the Eye doth work a great Cure in a short time as Learned Rivier will have it In the state of the Disease the resolving Medicines should overpower the repelling Fomentions made of Flowers of Chamaemel Melilote and Red Roses Faennygrick-seed boiled in water and strained to which may be added a little white Wine may be serviceable to the Eyes Renowned Riviere giveth a great Encomium of Oyl or Liquor made up of burnt Linnen set on fire and quenched between two Pewter Dishes of which a drop mixed with a Childs Spittle may be put into the Eye with a Feather In the declination of the Disease water mixed with Red wine proveth very useful as also a Medicine made of Aloes Prepared Tutty Sugar-Candy infused in Rose water and white Wine and exposed to the Sun for 40 days of which a few drops may be instilled into the Eye The Adnata is incident to another Disease called by the Latines Vnguis Oculi Unguis Oculi and by the Greeks 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 from the resemblance it hath with a Man's Nail or the wing of a small Bird and sometimes it is like the tricuspidal head of an Arrow so that it sometimes received the appellative of an Arrow It is described by Celsus and other Physicians to be a fibrous or nervous Membrane arising from the greater or inner Angle of the Eye and rarely from the less or outward The cause of the Vnguis Oculi This Excrescence is often the product of an inveterate Opthalmy or proceedeth from the little Pustles or Small Pox or from some stroke or contusion of the Eye or from excrementitious Humors or serous parts of the Blood destilling out of the terminations of the Carotide Arteries inserted into the surface of the white of the Eye which are concreted into a thin membranous substance affixed to the Adnata and is endued with several Figures whereupon it obtaineth variety of denominations Gentle purging Medicines mixed with Specificks The Cure of the said Discase are very good and are often to be repeated Blistering Plaisters and a Setum in the Neck often prove very useful in this case In reference to this ail as an Excrescence Detergent and Corrosive Medicines are beneficial made of Sugar-Candy infused in Eye-bright or Fennel water to which may be added a little Nitre or white Vitriol or burnt Harts-Horn Egg-shells steeped in White Wine Vineger and afterward being dried and finely powdered may be applied to the Eyes as also Alome Ceruss or Camphor infused in Eye-water may be used to take away this Excrescence A Disease near akin to a 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is called by the Latines Pannus a Tunicle or Excrescence resembling fine Cloth or a Contexture covering the Adnata and sometimes the Cornea made up of many Vessels filled with stagnated Blood which being discharged through the terminations of the Arteries is lodged sometimes between the Vessels of the Adnata and seemeth to be like a kind of Cloth-work which proceedeth from the Reticular Plexes of the Arteries filled with Blood whereupon the numerous Capillaries being distended do approach each other and seem to make a kind of Tunicle investing the Adnata and sometimes the Cornea whence the Sight is lessened or wholly taken away Bleeding after Purgatives have been premised may be safely advised in this Disease proceeding from stagnated Blood to make good its circulation And afterward Topicks may be administered made of Sugar-Candy lapidescent Haematit Prepared burnt Alome white Vitriol Camphor Tartar infused in destilled water of Red Roses and Eye-bright of which some drops may be instilled into the disaffected Eye Prepared Tutty and Prepared Pearl Red Coral Prepared Pompholyg Sugar-Candy Camphor made into a fine Powder may be applied to the discomposed Eye in a small quantity If the Courteous Reader be desirous to be farther satisfied concerning the Materia Medica proper to the Cure of this Disease I refer him to the Medicines assigned to the Unguis Oculi which is nearly related to the present Malady Another disaffection of the Adnata is called by the Latines Sugillatio and by the Greeks 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and in English the Blood-shed of the Eye which arising from a Blow or Fall maketh a Contusion of the Eye a Laceration of the Capillary Carotide Arteries inserted into the
the offensive Humor have recourse to the middle of the Pupil the resemblances of things appear to the Eye Latise-wise by reason the Matter clouding the Center of the Pupil representeth the visible Objects carried to its Margent as Pinked with many holes The Diagnosticks of a true Suffusion of the Eye is first that a Cloud appeareth in the Center of the Pupil which is not found in a spurious Suffusion Secondly In it the Symptoms are continued but those of a Bastard-Suffusion are sometimes better and other times worse according to the greater or less Anathymiasis of Vapours afflicting the Eye which are much less when the Stomach is empty which represent Fleas Flies c. more or less at several times and sometimes the Eye is wholly free from such Phantasms as not at all affected with Vapours but in a true Suffusion the visible Objects are seen as through a Cloud or Glass which is the proper and Pathognomick Symptom of this Disease The Prognosticks may be determined according to the various times of the Disease The Prognosticks of a Suffusion by reason Galen is of an opinion that in the beginning of a Suffusion in which the visible images of things may be discovered as through a Glass the disaffection may admit a Cure which supposeth Youth and a good disposition of Body else in Old age and in an ill habit the disease for the most part proveth incurable especially in those that have been subject to a great and long flux of Humors into their Eyes Riviere giveth an account The Cures of a Suffusion that in the beginning of a Suffusion he Cured this Disease in a Person above Fifty years of age by frequent Purgings and Sudorifick Diet-drinks and Vesicatories without any application of Topicks If this Disease flow from an Inflammation of the Lungs a Phrensie or a violent pain of the Head it is hardly Curable as also when the Suffusion is Black and void of all transparency or when it is Green or Yellowish or like Quick-silver in colour or motion or when the Matter is lodged in the Center of the Pupil wherein the Objects are represented Latise-wise there is a small hope of any Cure in a Cataract In the beginning of this Disease in a Plethorick Body A Vein may be opened in a Suffusion a Vein may be safely opened and Purgatives also may be advised mixed with Cephalick and Specifick Alteratives proper for the Eyes And afterward Diet-drinks may be advised made of Lignum-Sanctum Sarzaparilla Sassafras Salendine the Great Vervain Eye-bright And the Head may be Fomented with a Lixivium in which the Leaves of Betony Eye-bright Majoran Rose-Mary Lavender and Coriander-seed may be boiled And also Cupping-Glasses Vesicatories may be applied to the Shoulders and Neck to which also a Setum may be administred In order to discuss the offensive Matter Fomentations by way of Vapours may be used to the Eye made of Ground Ivy Eye-bright Valerian Salendine the Great c. And afterward detersive Medicines may be applied prepared of White Honey depurated or distilled Waters of Honey or Honey of Roses or Squills of which some few drops may be instilled into the parts affected Morning and Night Or else take the Leaves of Green Corn Rue Pimpernel Salendine the great distilled with a little Cinamon and Mace and a small proportion of White-wine after a due infusion You may take the distilled Water of Salendine mixed with White Vitriol and prepared Tutty in a small quantity and with a little Vitrum Antemonii and Sugar-Candy This Medicine is very much commended by Galen made of the Gall of a Cock the Blood of a Mouse mixed with a Womans Milk which may safely be applyed to the Eyes Or take of the Leaves of Rue Fennel Eye-bright Salendine the great the Seeds of Fenugreek the Flowers of Chamaemel and Melilot and let them be boiled in three parts of Fountain Water and one part White-wine and let the part affected be bathed with a soft Spunge or let the fume of this Decoction be received into the Eyes Other Medicines also may be of great use in this Disease which shall be advised in the Gutta Serena When proper methods of Physick have been administred and prove altogether unsuccessful Chyrurgical operations are to be celebrated as the last remedy And as I humbly conceive a Cataract is to be couched after this manner The manner of couching a Catarach by first obliging the Patient to turn his Eye inward toward the Nose and the Needle is to be immitted into the Adnata in the middle between the outward Canthus and the Cornea over against the middle of the suffusion and to be gently handled till it come to the middle of the Pupil and Cataract where the Needle is to be quickly turned till by degrees it is brought below the whole region of the Pupil and then after some little stay the Needle is to be lifted up and not immediately taken away That the Cataract may rise and be gently brought away And immediately after it the White of an Egg may be beaten up with Rose-water and Alom and applyed to the Eye with a little Linnen to hinder the fluxe of Humors and prevent an Inflammation Sometimes it happens when the Cataract is not ripe as being not concreted when it is pricked with a Needle it runneth about like a milky substance or a puddle water whereupon it is discharged and cannot again coalesce into one body by reason the Tunicle enclosing it is broken by the Needle CHAP. XV. Of the Diseases of the Aranea and the Cristalline and Vitreous Humor and their Cures THe Cristalline Humor of the Eye is every way encompassed with a thin transparent Tunicle The grossness of the Aranea called by the Latines Aranea This fine Coat is sullied with gross Humors issuing out of the capillary carotide Arteries inserted into its substance this disaffection is known when the Sight groweth dimm as if it were celebrated through a White Vail lying deep in the Eye which being free from this Disease when we fix our Sight upon anothers Eye it maketh the Image of a minute Face in it which cannot be seen when the Aranea is rendred somewhat Opace by a thick Recrement Sometimes the Aranea is broken by the ill accident of a stroke The Rupture of the Aranea or fall and other times corroded by sharp saline Humors whereupon this thin Film being spoiled the Cristalline and watry Humor are made confused when the fine party-Wall of the Aranea is dis-joyned The Cristalline Humor confined within the Aranea hath little or no colour being of a transparent nature and is beautified with a kind of orbicular depressed Figure its situation is in the middle if a line be drawn through the middle of the Pupil to the Origen of the optick Nerve but in reference to the anterior and posterior region of the Eye its seat is not in the Center but inclines somewhat to the
which taking their rise from within the Head and passing through the Meatus of the Skull do affect the innate Air which is acted sometimes with uniform othertimes with various and a Third way with continued or repeated Motions which beating upon the auditory Nerves derive their Birth from Vapours arising out of neighbouring parts It seemeth also evident that if the Ears be affected inwardly with Diseases that the Bombus internus Aurium is silenced by a vehement outward noise of the Membrane of the Tympanum which is effected as I conceive by the faint inward motion of the innate Air ceasing upon a new more vigorous motion super-induced which quieteth or at least confounds or obscures the other by over-powring it The innate undulating Air as new Radii are formed in it is conformed to the more lively configurations of the external Air First imprinted upon the outside of the Tunicle of the Tympanum and then the inside being contracted the same impressions are made upon the innate Air and afterward are transmitted to the Membrane covering the Coclea interspersed with many nervous Fibrils CHAP. XIX Of the Diseases of the Ear and its Cures THe Ear is a rare Compage made up of an outward Expansion endued with divers Flexures and a more inward passage and many little Bones Muscles Membranes Holes and Meanders beset with nervous Fibrils the immediate Organ of Hearing which is disordered with greater and less disaffections of the auditory Instruments productive of a lessened or abolished Function which is caused either originally by some defect of the Brain or by default of the Ear. A diminished The causes of a lessened or abolished Hearing or lost Hearing may proceed either from a cold and moist distemper of the Brain or by the Origen of the Nerves obstructed in the ambient parts of the Brain by some gross Humor lodged near the extremities of the Fibrils or by some extravasated Blood or Recrements compressing the beginning of the Nerves hindring the current of the animal Liquor and Spirits into the auditory Nerves which happeneth in an Apoplexy and other sleepy Diseases which are cured by bleeding Purging cephalick Julapes Powders Pills of which I intend to treat of more at large hereafter in the Therapeuticks belonging to the Diseases of the Brain The disaffections of Hearing are derived also from defect of the Ear The obstruction of the auditory passage either when the auditory passage is obstructed by Recrements or gross Humors or by any Tumor Abscess purulent Matter c. hindring the free reception of Sounds into the inward recesses of the Ear whereupon they cannot make brisk appulses upon the auditory Nerves whence proceedeth a dulness of Hearing This Disease is often cured by injections of Canary Sack The cure of the obstructed auditory passage and other cleansing Decoctions of a healing nature as also Fomentations may be applied to the Ear made of Centaury the less Marjoram Rue Bays and with the Flowers of Chamaemel Melilot Rosemary Lavender Mace and Cinamon boiled in equal parts of Water and White-wine added in the end of the Decoction out of which may be made a Suffitus received by a Tunnel into the entrance of the Ear which is conducive to the cure of the lessened or lost Hearing as the warm vapors of the Decoction do penetrate into the inward parts of the Ear and relieve the Tympanum and its Muscles and Nerves besetting the Coclea Instead of a Fomentation may be immitted into the auditory passage hot Bread prepared with Seeds of Caraway newly taken out of the Oven and moistned with new Balme made warm After a Fomentation Injection or Fume have heen admitted a little Cotton or Wooll may be put into the Ear mixed with Civet and some drops of the juyce of a rosted Onyon or Oil of bitter Almonds Rue or the like Sometimes the hearing is impaired by relaxation of the Tympanum The disaffection of Hearing caused by a relaxed Tympanum produced by a cold and moist distemper or when the Tympanum is not rendred Tense by reason the outward and the inward Muscle are so weakened that they cannot contract themselves and brace the Drum of the Ear to give a reception to the appulses of Sounds embodied with Air. Othertimes the Tympanum groweth thick The thickness of the Tympanum as incrassated with gross Recrements or by an unnaturl thick substance or by a double Membrane which hath been observed in some persons Little Insects are bred sometimes in the Cavity of the Ear which give a great trouble in their constant motion making a high discomposure and noise in the Ear These minute Animals are killed by the injection of bitter Medicines as juyce of Wormwood or Centaury the less into the Ear. The sense of Hearing is depraved by the noise of the Ear The Hearing is vitiated by noises within the Ear. and as the Eye the Organ of Sight ought to be destitute of all Colour that it may duely perceive variety of Colours as its proper Object Whereupon an Icterick Eye prepossessed with Yellow spoileth the Sight so unkindly Sounds lodged in the Ear The causes of a sound in the Ear. do hinder the perception of external Sounds and deprave the Sense of Hearing A Sound ariseth in the Ear by the violent motion of the innate Air which is gently moved when the Object is duely discerned by the influence of Sounds embodied with Air making soft appulses upon the Tympanum And the implanted Air is more vehemently moved by some unnatural cause which as I humbly conceive are Vapours and Wind which being endued with an Elastick disposition do strongly agitate the inward Air of the Ear and produce unnatural Sounds in the Ear disturbing the auditory Fibrils which may come from a vaporous mass of Blood transmitted by the corotide Artery to the instrument of Hearing which is very frequent in Hypocondriacal and Hysterick indispositions of Body This disaffection may also proceed from a purulent or sanious Matter and from pituitous Recrements out of which Vapours may arise giving a disturbance to the motion of the inward Air. Variety of unnatural Sounds are produced by the multitude or paucity by the thinness or grossness or by the Stone or violent motion of Vapours if they be crass and moved with a turbulent stream they seem to resemble the noise of rapid torrent of Water if the vapours be thin and be moved with quickness they make a hissing noise so that the greater or less proportion or more or less thinness or grossness and the violence or slowness of motion of Vapours are productive of variety of Sounds disaffecting the Organ of Hearing The cures of the noises proceeding from a hot and vaporous mass of Blood If this Disease be derived from a hot and spirituous indisposition of the Blood disaffecting the Ear it denoteth cooling and moistning Decoctions prepared with Barley Violets Lettice Water Lillies Seeds of Melons Pumpions White Poppy
sometimes determining in an Apoplexy I saw a Brewers Man upon a great blow of his Head oppressed with a great Lethargy and Fever An Observation upon this case which ended in an Apoplexy after some few hours and the Scalpe being taken off a great Fracture appeared having pierced both Tables of the Skull which being taken off a quantity of Blood was discerned to be lodged upon the Dura mater which compressed the Blood-vessels and hindred the motion of the Blood into the Cortex and produced the Lethargy ending in an Apoplexy A Gentleman receiving a wound in his Eye by a Tobacco-pipe which forthwith entred into the substance of the Brain producing a great Sopor ending in death Afterward the Brain being opened a wound was discovered in it near the Eye oppressing it with extravasated Blood which sometimes suppurates and corrupts the substance of the Brain generating first a Lethargy and then an Apoplexy Having given a short History of the Nature The Sleepy Diseases being akin in their causes are much alike in Cures too and causes of Sleepy Diseases it may be now pertinent to speak somewhat of their Cures which are very much alike as they hold great affinity one with another And I will begin with an Apoplexy as the highest of sleepy affections in reference to the preservatory indication or to its Fit which often proceedeth from a quantity of Blood and its intercepted motion caused either by the grossness of Blood or Compression produced by the Tumor of the adjacent parts which do all Indicate a free mission of Blood out of the jugular Veins or out of the Arm which may be again and again repeated in a plethorick Body And Clysters may be administred prepared with Emollients and Discutients to which may be added the leaves of Rue Species Hierae the lenitive Electuary c. Vomits may be given Vomitories Cupping-Glasseâ— Vesicatoâ—ies prepared with Salt of Vitriol in compound Walnut-water Oxymel of Squills or infusion of Crocus metallorum taking often free draughts of Posset-drink between the vomiting Cupping-glasses may be applied to the Shoulders and Neck and to the top of the Head according to Fracastorius As also blistering Plaisters made large and strong may be used and affixed between the Shoulders and to the Neck and the inside of the Arms near the Axillaries Strong Purgatives may be given in this Disease Strong Purgatives are also very proper in this Disease prepared with Amber Cochiae minores Extract Rud. Faetid M. quickened with some grains of Trochisc of Alhandal or Diagridium Julapes may be given made up of Distilled Water of Lilly of the Valley Julapes Lime Flowers Rue compound Paeony Compound Briony Spirit of Lavender to which may be added some drops of Spirit of Hartshorn Spirit of Smoke Castor Salt Armoniack succinated c. As also gross Powders prepared with Amber Castor Galbanum Asa faetida Suffum gations c. may be thrown upon Embers and the Fumes received into the Nostrils and the Temples and Nostrils may be anointed with Oil of Amber Ointments Spirit of Castor apoplectick Balsome to which may be added some drops of Salt Armoniack succinated The top of the Head being shaved may be annointed about the Coronal and Sagittal Suture with Oil of Amber Spirit of Lavender c. and a hot Frying-pan may be held near the Head to warm it and the Oil and Spirits that they may have the greater influence upon the Brain And in desperate Apoplectick Fits a Red hot Iron may be held near the Coronal Suture and Occiput that its heat and pain may reduce the Patient to Sense Or a strong Blistering Plaister applied to the coronal Suture which is more safe and less troublesome And the Body being universally purged by proper Medicines given with Cephalicks particular Evacuations may be advised Whereupon the excretory vessels of the Tongue and Palate Gargarismes or Apophelmatismes may be opened by Gargarismes that the Oral Glands may discharge the Recrements of the Blood and sollicite its motion by opening the terminations of the Carotide Arteries inserted into the substance of the Oral Glands To this end roots of Pellitory boiled in simple Oxymel to which some Castor may be added and Mustard-seed powdered and mixed with Honey or else boiled in strong White-wine may be applied to the Palate Sternutatory Powders may prove very beneficial in this Disease Sternutatories made of Majoram Seeds of Nigella Pepper Castor to which may be added some grains of White Ellebore and Pellitory Fumes also may be received into the Nostrils coming from Vinegar prepared with the Seed of Nigella Rue and Castor thrown upon a Red hot Iron As also shavings of Hartshorn and the Clawe of an Elke or Feathers or Hair of a Goat cast upon Embers and held under the Nostrils have great efficacy to remove a deep Sleep and comfort the Brain which is the nature of all Faetids Frictions of the soles of the Feet with Vinegar and Salt Frictions with Hands anointed with Oil of Rue Spirit of Castor c. speak great advantage in Fits of an Apoplexy The Head may be bathed with Vinegar Fomentations in which the Berries of Bays and Juniper the Roots of Angelica Imperatoria and the leaves of Betony Rue Sage Rosemary Majoram Winter-Savory the Flowers of Lavender Sage Betony Rosemary Paeony c. After the Fomentation a Sacculus may be applied to the Head A Sacculus made of the Spices of Nutmegs Cloves Mace Cubebs and the Flowers of Betony Sage Majoram Rosemary c. A preservatory method of Physick may be advised to persons that have escaped one or Two Apoplectick Fits as subject to them In this case purging Medicines may be advised of Senna Agarick Rubarb Flowers of Paeony Sage Rosemary c. infused in Distilled Waters of Flower of Lime Paeony mixed with a little White-wine to which being strained may be added Syrup of Buckthorn Peach-flowers and Syrup of Roses solutive Bleeding proper in this course Afterward Bleeding may be freely celebrated which by lessening of the quantity of Blood and by making good its circulation doth prevent Inflammations Abscesses Ulcers of the Brain proceeding from the stagnation of Blood Vomitories may be given after Purgatives Fontanels the great cause of an Apoplexy When a Purgative hath been celebrated Vomitories may be administred made with some proper Emetick Afterward Two large Fontanels may be made between the Shoulders to divert and discharge some ill Humors Electuaries having recourse to the Head to prevent the Apoplectick Fit in order to it an Electuary may be advised prepared with Conserves of Lime-Flowers Lilly of the Valley Paeony the Powders of Amber Castor Pearl Coral and Humane Skull the Seeds of Paeony Apozemes and Goats-Rue made up with the Syrup of Lime-Flowers After which a draught of an Apozeme may be taken prepared with the Flowers of Betony Sage Rosemary Lavender and with Viscus Quercinum or
and if the Pulse groweth low and quick attended with a difficulty of Breathing Vomitings Convulsions and frequent drops of Blood distilling out of the Nostrils they are the symptomes or forerunners of death And if in a long continued Phrensy A Pleuresy degenerating in a Lethargy the ambient parts of the Membranes Cortex and the Corpus callosum be oppressed with a quantity of serous Recrements or stagnant Blood productive of an inflammatory disposition it often degenerates into a Lethargy Mania Melancholia or Morosis which are hardly curable A Paraphrenitis is a Disease proceeding from an inflammation of the Midriff accompanied with a Fever which being endued with a multitude of nervous Fibrils A Paraphrenitis proceedeth from a inflammation of the Midriff highly affecteth the Brain as Galen and the Antients will have it But the modern Physicians making a greater inspection into the nature of Diseases gained by the dissection of dead Bodies have found that the Inflammation Abscess and Ulcer of the Midriff have proved very fatal to Patients without the least shew of a Phrensy But I humbly conceive that a Paraphrenitis doth not come from an Inflammation A Paraphrenitis coming from an Abscess of the Midriff or Abscess of the Midriff but is a gentle or bastard Phrensy being near a kin to a Delirium proceeding from slighter causes then a Phrensy from a mass of Blood not enraged with such high sulphureous Particles or with serous Liquor so much oppressing the Cortex or more inward Recesses of the Brain whereupon the Animal Spirits are less disordered and the rational and sensitive Powers are not so much perverted in the performance of their operations as in a Phrensy As to the cure of the Phrensy Bleeding proper in the cure of a Phrenitis and Paraphrenitis in reference to hot stagnated Blood in the Membranes and substance of the Brain it denotes Bleeding to lessen the mass of Blood and to make good its circulation Letting of Blood is most proper in the beginning of the Disease while Nature is strong and before the Disease is too much radicated in the state of it when the Malady hath got a great head attended with Syncopes Lipothymies and a quick weak Pulse wherein it is more rational to forbear Bleeding and apply Blistering plaisters between the Shoulders to the inside of the Arms Thighs Legs and Cephalick plaisters and proper Cataplasmes to the Feet In reference to the Fever accompanying the Phrensy Emulsions made with cooling Seeds may be proper to allay the unnatural heat of the Blood which is often to be taken away out of the jugular Veins or the Cephalick Median or Basilick of the Arm as also a Vein may be opened in the Foot when the Menstrua are suppressed or Leeches may be applyed to the Haemorrhoidal Veins which revel the Blood from the Head both in Men and Women Cupping-glasses may be applyed to the Shoulders and Neck Cupping-glasses are proper in this Disease which very much relieve the Head in a Phrensy The temporal Artery may be safely opened in this Disease as immediately discharging the fierce Blood out of the Carotide Artery and proveth often very advantageous in this case Clysters also are very successful to empty the Bowels of Excrements and Wind and Vomitings and Catharcticks are very dangerous A Clyster may be very useful in a Phrensy except they be gentle by reason they give great disturbance to the sharp and hot Humors of the Body and much intend the Fever which associates the Phrensy Cephalick Julapes made of the Flowers of Lilly of the Vally Limetree Cowslips and Red Poppy made up with Pearl and Sugar are very beneficial to attemper the enraged Animal Spirits which being fixed are brought to a due order in motion whereby the more excellent and meaner Faculties have a due perception of their various outward and inward Objects Apozemes may be safely given prepared with roots of Dogs-grass Apozemes wild Asparagus Bruscas and with the leaves of Vervain Betony fragrant Apples sliced Corrants the Seeds of Melons Pumpions White Poppy and the Colature after they have been boiled in water may be dulcified with Syrup of Water-Lillies An Electuary of Conserv of Water-Lillies of which a draught may be drunk after every Dose of an Electuary prepared with the Conserve of Water-Lillies Lime-Flowers and Lillies of the Valley Powder of the Four cooling Seeds c. made up with the Syrup of Water-Lillies CHAP. LXVII Of Melancholly THis melancholick indisposition of the Brain The Melancholy hath somewhat of likeness with a Phrenitis hath much affinity with a Phrenitis as they are both delirous affections of the Head flowing from vitiated Animal Spirits disordering the upper and lower Faculties of Reason and Sense So that this Disease may admit this description The descrion of Melancholy as being a Delirium composed of a depravation of Reason and Imagination accompanied with Fear and Sadness which sheweth Melancholy to be a Malady complicated with the indisposition of the Brain and Heart by reason it is a Delirium proceeding from the Fault of the Brain and Animal Spirits conjoyned with Passions arising from the Heart This Disease differeth from a Phrenitis Melancholy differeth from other Cephalick Diseases Mania Morosis as it is a Delirium associated with a high passionate discomposure of Fear and Grief the sad concomitants of this Malady of which the Patient can give a rational account as not proceeding from any outward severe accident producing these troublesome passions but from an ill mass of Blood and other ill inward causes disturbing the Heart Brain and Animal Spirits And melancholick persons The various Fancies of melanchoâ—iâ—k Persons are not only affected with clouds of Fear and Grief but sport themselves in Laughter and immoderate Joy by pleasing their fancies with the vain apprehensions of great Honour and State as being Kings and Princes having a great affluence as they conceive of all Pleasures and Riches The ridiculous imaginations of this Disease have metamorphosed Men into Wolves which they have endeavoured to imitate in Barking and Howling Others have fancied themselves dead and have intimated their desires to be buried and have conceived their Bodies to be composed of Glass fearing lest any person nearly approaching them should rub upon them and break them inpieces it would be endless and infinite to recount the numbers of foolish imaginations and nonsensical whimsies accompanying Melancholy which in reference to more or less symptomes This Disease is styled Universal or Particular as it hath more or less Symptomes may be called Universal or Particular The First hath more numerous delirous apprehensions then the other as treating themselves in sad deep Thoughts so that their fancy is restless and sometimes entertaineth it self with variety of Objects and othertimes with one or a few things of small importance always running in the fancy which they betray in speaking of it to the great trouble of the Auditors And
former and let it be sweetened with the Flowers of Lime Paeony or Lily of the Valley If the Child Suck Cephalick Medicines may be given to the Nurse Cephalicks may be advised for the Nurse if the Child Suck made of the Roots of Paeony and the Seeds of Goats Rue and Caraway boiled in Posset-drink As also an Electuary made of Conserve of Lime-Flowers Lily of the Valley Sage Paeony to which may be added the Powder of Missetowe of the Oak Paeony roots Castor made into a due Consistence with the Syrupe of Lime-Flowers or Lily of the Valley drinking after it an Apozeme prepared with the Roots of Angelica Paeony Flowers of Betony Rorismary Lime Lily of the Valley and after its strained it may be sweetned with the Syrupe of Paeony or Cowslips Powders may be advised for the Nurse composed of the roots of Valerian Powder for the Nurse White Amber Misletowe of the Oak of the hoof of a Bufalo Castor c. mingled with White Sugar and given in a spoonful of the Apozeme prescribed drinking after it a good draught of the same And to an Infant may be given Black Cherry or Rue Water A Cephalick Julape for a Child mingled with Compound Paeony or Compound Briony-water or with some drops of Spirit of Lavender or Spirit of Hartshorn and the like sweetned with some Cephalick Syrupe Amulets of the roots of Paeony Castor Amulets of the shavings of the hoof of a Bufalo mixed with Oil of Nutmegs by expression may be hung about the Neck of the Child troubled with Convulsions Blistering Plaisters are very proper in Convulsive motions If the Infant be actually in a Fit a blistering Plaister may be applied to the Nucha or to both sides of the Neck The Cephalick Plaister without Euphorbium or of Galbanum may be applied to the Feet The Powder of Gutteta according to Rivier The Powder of Gutteta or one compounded of a Humane Skull of Pearl of the hoof of a Bufalo c. may be given in a few grains in the following Julape made of Black Cherry simple Paeony or Goats rue-Rue-water mingled with a small quantity of Antiepileptick Water of Langius and sweetened with the Syrupe of Lime-Flowers The roots of Valerian Paeony Lime-Flowers c. Infusions of Cephlicks may be infused in Canary and being strained off may be given in a very small quantity with White Sugar-candy or a Distillation may be made in a Glass retort with the heat of Sand of the roots of Valerian Paeony Lime-Flowers vitriol of Hungary the Skull of a Man in Compound Paeony water and the distilled water may be given in a small quantity sweetened with Syrupe of Betony or Lime-Flowers or if it seem to be too strong it may be allayed with the simple water of Paeony or of Lime-Flowers or of Lily of the Valley Some of the Gall of a Sucking Puppy taken in a small quantity of simple Paeony-water or of Lily of the Valley may be very proper in Convulsive Fits Oil of Castor Bathing the Chine with Spirits or Oil is of great use Leeches applied behind the Ears are good in Dentition As also blistering Plaisters Anodynes and Narcoticks are good in violent pains of the Teeth Medicines good for to destroy Worms Amber mixed with the compound Spirit of Lavender may be very proper to anoint the Chine of a Child afflicted with Convulsive motions In Convulsive motions proceeding from breeding of Teeth Blood may be taken away by Leeches set behind the Ears and Blistering Plaisters may be applied to the Nucha or sides of the Neck and Anodynes and Narcoticks may be used in violent pains of the Teeth whereupon the Gums may be rubbed or cut with some sharp instrument to make way for the eruption of Teeth In reference to Convulsions coming from Worms Rubarb infused in Wine Beer or Ale may be proper or some grains of Calamelanus given in extract of Aloes or with Rubarb mixed with some very few grains of Jailape In a Child of a strong Constitution and of some years Wormseed or Salt of Prunel Tartar or any bitter or salt Medicine will destroy Worms A Plaister made of Colocynth A Plaister may be applied to the Navel in this case Aloes macerated in juyce of Wormwood the Gall of an Ox all mixed and embodied with Bees-wax may be applyed to the Navil of the Child CHAP. LXXIII Of the Palsey THE noble Compage of the Brain being a systeme of numerous fine Fibrils branched through the Cortex Corpus callosum Fornix Corpora striata Nates Testes Medulla oblongata Cerebellum and its Processes and through the Medulla Spinalis as an elongation of the Brain These innumerable minute Fibrils of the Brain Cerebellum The Fibrils of the Brain and Cerebellum are composed of many Filaments In the exercises of Sense and Motion the Fibres are rendred tense and Medulla Spinalis being the constituent parts are framed of many small Filaments whose Interstices are receptive of the Animal Liquor and Spirits by whose spirituous and elastick Particles the Fibrils are rendred plump tense and fit to exert the acts of Sense and Motion which are also imparted to the Nerves of the whole Body as so many outlets of the Brain and the continuation of its fibrous Compage the first Origen and rudiment of all nervous Divarications overspreading and invigorating all the Apartiments of the Body with their select Liquor and their more refined Particles giving Sensation motion and nourishment The Faculties relating to the said Operations are lessened depraved The lessened or abolished or depraved Functions come from errors of the Brain or abolished by the errors of the Brain as being a systeme of innumerable Fibrils containing the nervous Liquor and its Spirits giving vigor and tenseness to the fibrous frame of the Brain and its appendices which are chiefly hurt in reference to Sense and Motion in Two disaffections either as they are depraved by Convulsive motions or when pain ariseth in point of Sense The Function of Sense or Motion are lessened or abolished in the Palsey The descriptiâ—on of a Palsey or when the Functions of Sense and Motion are very much lessened or abolished in a Palsey causing an impotency in the Limbs when the fibrous parts of the Brain and Limbs lose their vigor and tenseness A Palsey may admit this description That it is a resolution or relaxation of the fibrous Compage of the Body proceeding from defect of a due tenseness of the nervous Filaments whereupon the Faculties of Sense and Motion cannot exert their due operations in some or all parts of the Body A resolution happens to the nervous parts when the Succus Nervosus The cause of the resolution of the Nerves and its spirituous Particles are denied an access to the fibrous parts of the Brain Cerebellum and Medulla Spinalis or when the Animal Spirits losing their due volatil or elastick parts do not influence the Nerves with
an evident cause A Palsey proceeding from an evident cause indicates Bleeding after a Clyster hath been injected And then gentle Diureticks and Diaphoreticks may be administred Diuretick Powders of a Stroke Fall Wound that the prejudiced part may be restored again an apertion of a Vein may be proper as lessening the mass of Blood and diverting it from the part affected after an emollient and discutient Clyster hath been administred and rejected gentle Diureticks and Diaphoreticks may be safely advised to make good the circulation of the Blood and discharge its serous Recrements whereby the part aggrieved is eased As also Diuretick Powders made of the Four cooling Seeds Chervil Golden-rod and the like mixed with Sugar or a Powder recited in the Augustan Dispensatory drinking immediately after it an Apozeme prepared with opening and Diuretick Medicines or vulnerary Diet-drinks The dislocated Vertebers are to be reduced Or if a Dislocation be made of the vertebers of the Spine they are to be reduced to their natural situation by a dextrous Chyrurgeons hand And afterward Balsomes Liniments may be applied as also Fomentations Cataplasmes Emplaistres of Oxycroceum e Minio e Mucilaginibus of Paracelsus and if the Tumor of the Chine remain resolving and discutient Bathings may be outwardly administred An habitual Palsey depending upon Procatarctick and antecedent causes being considered in actu signato or exercito in fieri or factum esse An habitual Palscy claims a peculiar Cure doth challenge to it self a peculiar way of Cure As to the Procatarctick causes belonging to this Disease A respect must be had to the Sex res non naturales in the cure of a Palsey a care must be had of the Sex res non naturales that they may be disposed in good order according to Art And the intentions of a Palsey in relation to its antecedent causes do denote the goodness of Chyle and mass of Blood which is effected by a good Diet and proper Ferments of the Stomach depending on a laudable Vital and nervous Liquor the Materia substrata and subject of the Animal Spirits To this intent courses of Physick may be administred Medicines prepared with Cephalicks and Antiscorbuticks As also Chalybeats are goo din this Disease prepared with Cephalicks and Antiscorbuticks mixed with purging medicines and after them in a Plethorick Body Bleeding may be advised and then Chalybeat Medicines may be taken of Tinctures Syrupes Powders given in Electuaries made of Temperate Scorbutick and Cephalick ingredients drinking after them a good draught of a proper Apozeme Vomitories may be prescribed in a foul Stomack Vomitories may be advised in a foul Stomach opening the obstructions of the Liver Spleen Pancreas made of the infusion of Crocus metallorum Salt of Vitriol Oxymel or Wine of Squills or some few grains of Mercurius vitae which is not to be given but in robust Bodies Fontanels may be made in the Neck between the Shoulders Fontanels very propeâ— in a Palsey in the Thigh or Leg which are very beneficial in this case Ale is proper medicated with the Leaves of Sage Betony Rorismary as also the Flowers of Lime Lily of the Valley Sage Paeony Rorismary Betony and the like And not only the Continent and Procatarctick causes of a Palsey are to be considered but the ill habit of the body too The ill habit of the Body is to be considered in a confirmed Palsey Purgatives and Alteratives as Apozemes Electuaries are proper for a habitual Palsey if the Disease groweth habitual as highly radicated and in this case a care must be had that Bleeding and violent Purging be omitted as Nature is highly weakened by the length of the Disease so that gentle Purgatives mixed with Antiscorbuticks Diureticks may now and then be given as also Cephalick Apozemes Electuaries prepared with Chalybeats which do refine the Blood nervous Liquor and Spirits and corroborate the Nerves which are relaxed or resolved in this Disease In a Palsey proceeding from pituitous or serous Recrements of the Brain Medicines for pituitous or serous Recrements of the Brain an Electuary may be advised prepared with the Leaves of Water-cresses the Flowers of Sage Betony Paeony Rorismary and Condite Eryngo-roots Condite Nutmegs Mace as also with the Powders of Crabs Eies Millepedes and a little of Castor and Amber made up with Syrupe of Sage-Flowers or Lavender drinking after it a good draught of an Apozeme made of Sarzaparilla China Guiacum Sassafras infused and boiled in fair water and to the Colature may be added of the Leaves of Betony Sage Rorismary of the Flowers of the same which may be arotamised with Mace Nutmegs c. and sweetned with Syrupe of Lavender or Lime-Flowers Or a Milk-water may be thus prepared Take of the Bark of Winteran A distilled Milk-water of the chips of Auranges and Limons of each Two Ounces of the Roots or Leaves of Cuckowpintle of the Leaves of Garden Scorby-grass Water-cresses Sage Betony of the Flowers of Lavender Sage Rorismary Nutmegs Millepedes which may be besprinkled First with Wine and stand a convenient time and afterward a large quantity of Milk may be added and a distillation made in a Rose Still To every Dose of this distilled water may be added some drops of Spirit of Salt Armoniack succinated Spirits of Salt Armoniack succinated or of Harts-horn Sutt Blood c. Tinctures of Turpentine Antimony or Amber or Elixir Proprieratis Bezoar Mineral or of Spirit of Hartshorn Sutt Blood c. Dr. Willis adviseth Tincture of Mercury Terebinth or Tincture of Antimony or Amber Elixir proprietatis or Paeony c. The Powder of the Flesh of Vipers and of the Hearts and Livers may be given in distilled waters of the Flowers of Lavender Sage Betony Rorismary c. Bezoar Mineral Solar mixed with Powder of Cloves Nutmegs Mace and once in Four or Five days gentle Purgatives prepared with Cephalicks are to be advised Trochischi de Mirrha Trochischi and Pills or Hysterici as also Pills made of Castor Amber Powder of Millepedes and of the Roots or Leaves of Ground Pine made into Pills with Syrupe of Paeony may be beneficial Powder of Zedoary Galangal Cardamom Specier Diambr may be given in a draught os some Specifick or Cephalick water or in the Magistral Milk-water prescribed above And last of all in this Palsey Fomentation of the Chine proceeding from cold causes the Spine may be bathed with compound Spirit of Lavender or the Queen of Hungarys Water or with Oil of Amber and the like Natural Baths Natural Baths which being sulphureous and Bituminous do heat dry and corroborate the Brain and Spinal Marrow and are very advantageous after universal evacuations have been celebrated A Palsey proceeding from Bilious Recrements A Bilious Palsey doth indicate more milde and temperate Medicines oppressing the Brain and Medulla Spinalis doth indicate more mild and temperate Medicines as Electuaries made of Conserve of Lime-Flowers Lily of the
but the Blood is strained out of the Pores of the Fibres and Ventricles of the Heart not by various wreaths but by many corrugations of the Fibres more and more contracting as they come nearer and nearer to the Center of the Ventricles whereby their Walls are brought close and briskly dash against each other produced by the strong Contractions of many ranks of Fibres tied together by firm Ligaments and a mutual entercourse so that the sides of the Cisterns of the Heart by joynt appulses being dashed against each other do squeeze out the Blood not by Contorsion of the Fibres as when the Water is wrung out of the Interstices of a wet Cloth by the force of many Circumvolutions but by the mutual Contacts of many ranks of contracted Fibres running close to each other whereby the Concave Perimeter of the Ventricles is taken away and the Blood squeezed after the manner of a Presse into the adjoyning Blood-Vessels Learned Borellus is of an Opinion Borellus Opinion that the Constrictive Power of the Heart is less then the resistance of the Blood that the constrictive power of the Heart is less then the resistance which the Blood maketh in the Ventricles of the Heart as this renowned Author hath it Tomo 2 do De motu animalium Propos 70. P. 139. Potentia Cordis Musculum constringens minor est resistentia quam exercet sanguis in ventriculis ejus Contentus in proportione subsesquiatera which if true as I humbly conceive the Blood would be stagnant in the Ventricles as over-balancing the power of the Fibres by the resistance of its Elastick Particles countermanding the Appulses of the Fibres upon the Blood in order to its Compression and Exclusion which contradicteth Experience and Autopsy because the Fibres of the Heart do more and more contract as they come nearer to the Center of the Heart till the Concave Surface is reduced toward a Plain whereby the constrictive power of the Fibres do so highly compress the Blood that they wholly overpower the resistance it maketh in the Ventricles by impelling it into the neighbouring Sanguiducts The External Fibres of the Heart The reason of the Authors said Opinion as the said Learned Author apprehendeth do act after the manner of a Rope encircling a Globe or Cylinder so that the power contracting the External Fibres of the Heart hath the same proportion in reference to the resistence of the compressed Blood as a Semidiameter to the circumference that is saith he in the recited Page that the power of the Fibres is less by a Sixth part then the resistance of the compressed Blood Praeterea ait ille At Fibrae Cordis profundiores Externarum partes cavae agunt rugas plicas inflando adeo actione Cunei vel Emboli impellunt directo motu a peripheria ad Cordis centrum Sanguineum ei inclusum Quia vero in hac actione aequalibus momentis per eosdem diametros eodemque tempore fit impulsus repulsus ergo potentia Fibrarum internarum aequalis resistentiae Sanguinis ab eis Compressi So that here this Great Author granteth a greater constrictive power to the Fibres of the Heart then in the beginning or proposition of the Chapter where he saith it is inferior to the resistance the Blood maketh in the Ventricles of the Heart to which I have given my reply above for which I humbly beg pardon in not complying with his Learned Sense which I submit to the most Candid and Judicious Reader The manner of the Motion of the Blood having been discoursed The proportion of Blood which passeth through the Heart every Pulsation now followeth in order the Quantity of Blood that passeth through the Heart every pulsation which some Anatomists have made very inconsiderable as being a Scruple Drachme or half an Ounce And I humbly conceive that the Heart of greater Animals as endued with more large Cavities are receptive of a greater proportion of Blood of which the chief part if not all is discharged in every Sistole In every Diastole the Cisterns of the Heart are filled with Blood The Ventricles of the Heart are filled every Diastole and emptied every Systole and are emptied every Sistole into the adjoyning Sanguiducts by reason the Walls of the Ventricles are so closely conjoyned by the strong contractions of the Fibres that the Blood must be wholly squeezed out of the greater Cavities of the Heart into the smaller Cylindres of Arteries in every Pulsation This assertion may be made good in the Dissection of live Animals An Experiment in the Dissection of live Animals wherein the Cone of the Heart being cut off and a Finger immitted into the Left Ventricle it will be found to be highly pinched by the strong Contraction of Fleshy Fibres narrowing the Cavity of the Ventricle whence it may be clearly inferred by the same reason that the Blood contained in the bosom of the Heart must be discharged by a powerful Compression in every Systole This Hypothesis may be farther proved by ocular Demonstration upon the opening the Bodies of Frogs Eels Vipers Snakes c. The Motion of the Blood made good by Autopsy in live Animals wherein it may be plainly discerned that their transparent Hearts turn pale every Systole as having their Ventricles empty of Blood and their hearts grow Red again in the Diastole as filled with streams of Purple Liquor tinging them with a more vivid colour And by Analogy of Reason the Cavities of the Hearts of greater Animals are filled with Blood in every Diastole and emptied in the Systole though it cannot be discerned by reason of the thick and opace fleshy Walls within which the chambers of the Heart are enclosed These Premises being granted it will not be difficult to compute what quantity of Blood passeth through the Cysterns of the Heart into the Sanguiducts in the space of an hour and upon a supposition that Two Ounces of Blood as transmitted out of the Left Ventricle in every Pulsation as Great Dr. Harvey and Renowned Dr. The quantity of Blood received in every Diastole is wholly discharged in every Systole of the Heart Lower have observed and that all the Blood received every Diastole into the Cisterns of the Heart is discharged by every Sistole into the adjacent Sanguiducts and that in the space of an hour Two thousand Pulses being counted it will follow of necessity that Four thousand Ounces of Blood are carried through the bosom of the Heart in Threescore Minutes So that the said quantity of Blood doth amount to Three hundred thirty and two pound and it being supposed that a Man is furnished with Twenty five pound of Blood which is a liberal proportion it may be inferred The whole Mass of Blood doth probably pass Twelve times through the Heart every hour that the whole Mass of Blood doth circulate through the Ventricles of the Heart above Twelve times in an hour and oftner in Men that have quick