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A02791 Harvvards phlebotomy: or, A treatise of letting of bloud fitly seruing, as well for an aduertisement and remembrance to well minded chirurgians, as also to giue a caueat generally to all men to beware of the manifold dangers, which may ensue vpon rash and vnaduised letting of bloud. Comprehended in two bookes: written by Simon Harvvard. Harward, Simon, fl. 1572-1614. 1601 (1601) STC 12922; ESTC S103856 94,484 154

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should expell the disease by the skinne because such purgations do trouble the motion of nature and yet at the same time doth allow a clyster of barley water one pound and a halfe of oyle of violets foure ounces of butter three ounces of red sugar candy one ounce or of each of them proportionably a lesse quantity if it be for a child and doth there condemne Nicholaus Florentinus for that he forbiddeth the ministring of a clyster at such time as the sayd diseases do begin to breake out for sayth he it is a fond thing to thinke that the motion of nature i● hindered by clysters seeing that they do worke only in the bowels and the motion of nature is both neere the skinne and in the vaynes neither do clysters so ouerthrow the po●ers that we neede to conceiue any feare Euen so for as much as in letting bloud our drift is especially either to case nature being ouerburdened or to expell some dangerous causes of putred matter by transpirations sweatings euaporatings and such like very expedient it is that we auoyd such purgings as whereby the worke of nature may be either troubled or weakened and content our selues with a more fit preparing brought to passe by glysters It is a great fault amongst very many in England that they are so nice and scrupulous in receiuing of a glyster as seeming to suspect some danger in that which indeede is the most easie and harmelesse remedy of all others And as great a fault it is in many of our countrey Surgeons which so boldly do commonly practise the opening of vaines neither hauing before any direction of learned counsaile neither being themselues stored with those things which should orderly prepare their patient therevnto They which do minister purging potions at that time when nature doth begin to moue say they do it because nature doth moue vnperfectly but to them Mercurialis doth answere intelligere an perfecte moueat in initio non possumus we can not know in the beginning whether nature wil worke perfectly or no. The safest and surest way is by a clyster so to ease the fulnesse and costiuenesse of the body that we do not disease the emptinesse and loosenesse of natures powers If the impurities and crudities be aboue in the stomack then shall it be requisite before Phlebotomy to vse some vomit as to take of the decoction of barley two or three ounces of oyle of sweete almonds and oximel simplex each one ounce of oyle of dill two drams mingle them and giue them for a potion Or if the matter be grosser and colder take of the seeds of rocket leekes radish broome each the waight of a shilling of the rootes of asarabacca and betony each the waight of sixe pence boyle these in water so much as being well boyled will make a good draught and being strayned dissolue into it two ounces of ox●mel simplex and drinke it off In hoater diseases the former will be more conuenient Fit vomits and clysters they make a preparation speedily and do nothing trouble the work of nature in expelling to and by the outward parts P●rgations if they be strong they weaken nature if gentle then are they long in working and hauing some hoate qualities in them must needes as well by their heate as by their drawing a contrary way trouble that worke whereunto Phlebotomy is directed Fontanonus a learned Doctor of Mountpelier writing of that synochus or hoat cōtinuall ague which proceedeth of bloud inflamed in the vaynes neere vnto the heart after that he hath appointed to begin the cure with present letting of bloud What houre of the day soeuer it be for feare least the bloud do creepe vnto the lungs and thereupon should come an inflammation of the lungs or least it should slip into the bulk and thereof should arise a pleurisie or finally least it should putrifie and so there should be made a putred ague of a not putred he sheweth after how the body must be made fit for this Phlebotomy not with a purging potion least while the purgation is long in working the patient should receiue harme by the aboundance of boyling bloud but by a clyster made after this sort Take of the foure emollitiues each one handfull the foure emollitiues are as skilful Heurnius doth lot them out 1. mallowes 2. marsh mallowes 3. violets or in stead thereof pellitory of the wall or mercury 4. branck vrsine or in steede thereof beets of endiue and lettise each halfe a handfull tenne prunes boyle all in a reasonable quantity of water vntill the third part be consumed then strayne it and take thereof one pound and a halfe dissolue into it of cassia newly extracted and red sugar-candy each one ounce of salt a little and you haue your clyster In stead of the pulpe or flowers of cassia may be vsed diacassia Mesuae or diacatholicum Nicholai or electuarium lenitiuum Rhasis any quantity betwixt halfe an ounce and an ounce and a halfe according to the strength of the party the most conuenient oyle to be added to them is the oyle of violets In stead of the aforesayde things the clyster may be made of a little soluble chicken-broth goats-milke and the yolke of an egge stirred and mingled and putting into it of manna and fresh butter each an ounce first melted together these be the ingredients most fit for the clysters of such as are to be let bloud And if any Surgeon by reason of his seate and place of abode be so situated that he shall be enforced sometimes to open a vayne before the counsayle of a learned Phisition may conueniently be obteyned let him be carefull to haue some prouision of these things in store as he tendereth either the testimonie of a good conscience in respect of himselfe or sound and perfect health in regard of his patient For as before is shewed many are the harmes and dangers which ensue if at the time of letting bloud there be crude and corrupt humours in the stomack and bowels prest and ready to be suckt and drawne into the vaynes now newly emptyed by the administring of Phlebotomy CHAP. 4. Of the age sexe strength and solubilitie of the party whether old men or children or women being either with child or hauing their termes may be let bloud Also whether any hauing bodies either too soluble or too cos●iue may be let bloud FOr the beginning of old age there is no question but that bloud may be let very safely in it if other things be corespondent Trincauel saith that about the fortieth yeare of age that is about the beginning of old age we may most fitly be let bloud But Galen doth make three degrees of old age the first he calleth 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 signifying such as haue a greene and lusty old age such as are able yet to deale in the astayres of the world The second he calleth 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the middest