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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A69785	The Complete jockey, or, The most exact rules and methods to be observed for the training up of race-horses shewing how to prepare them for any heats or courses, with the manner of their keepings, instructions for their dressing and looking to their scourings, diets, matches, and racings, with every particular to be observed therein ... : to which is added, the most experienced way for buying horses, and instructions to avoid being cheated upon the like occasion, with a relation of the cheats and tricks the jockies and horse-coursers put on the unexpert buyers ...	Markham, Gervase, 1568?-1637.	1695 (1695)	Wing C5642; ESTC R217396	39,637	56

him to Cover your Mare you must about a week before take him out of the Stable and let him run in the freshest and tenderest grass you have the which will not only encrease but make his seed of the aptest and quickest temper for to generate a lively Colt and he will be the willinger to cover the Mare by reason of his Airy temperament of Body when feeding on Hay or other dry Meat would render him dull and short-winded as likewise his being acquainted with the Mare will be a great incitement to him CHAP. XXV For the molting of Grease after a Race or other Excessive Riding THE means to know the certainty of his grease being molten is to observe as soon as he is in the Stable whether his Breast beats or pants more than usual after any Journey or Race as likewise his sides under his gi●●s and his Flank heaving quick and fa●●ing softly all which if you perceive then is his grease melted and will turn to crudy humours if not brought away in time the speediest way for which is to take one pint of Spanish Wine and an ounce of Diascordium brewed in the same and give it to him presently to drink and so continue doing four or five Mornings after before he has eaten either Hay or Provender then you must diet him with Mashes of Oats and Barly boiled and a considerable quantity of ground Malt and let him drink water indifferent warm but if he refuse his Meat you must give him half a pint of White-wine into which you must put two ounces of Honey and let them boil till the Honey is melted and let him take it pretty warm the which will cause him to void much Urine and by that means give him ease Upon his taking of this you must ride him a Mile or more but it must not be above a hand gallop then returning home you must rub him down and keep him as warm as possible when in this manner you have spent three days give him another the like quantity of Honey and White-wine then take especial notice of his Dung if it be small and he seem to dung with pain then he is bound in his Belly and the Grease is not removed to effect which you must give him three pints or two quarts of Beer the stalest you can get and a slice of Houshold-bread both being boiled and mingled together to which you must add four ounces of Honey and the like quantity of fresh Butter then in the Morning before he hath eaten any thing give it him luke-warm then ride him about a Mile then give him the same again at night and ride him as before but you must observe to give it him but every other day the which will loosen his Belly and by degrees waste the grease about four hours after he hath taken his dose boil him three quarts of Oats and give them to him and mingling that water the Oats were boiled in with some other to cool it let him drink of it you may with his Oats boil Fenugreek seeds about three quarters of a pound and let him eat them mingled but if he refuse to eat them you may mingle them with a little fine Bran then last of all give him an ounce of Aloes boiled till they are dissolved in a quart of Ale or a pint of White-wine and so it will purge away the ill humors and in three Weeks or less restore him to his former health and soundness of Body CHAP. XXVI How to make a Horse Vomit and by so doing to void the foulness of his Stomach or any Infection he hath taken in TAke Polypodium Roots the greater pare them and wash them very clean and then steep them in Oil of Spike and fasten them to the bit of his Bridle after which put it on and ride him abroad with the same in his mouth for the space of half an hour or somewhat more but it must be softly not above a trot at the most and then if any ill humour or flegmatick substance lodge in his Stomach this will draw it up by causing him to vomit extremely as likewise to Cough and Sneeze the which will much cleanse his Head from Rheums that lodge there and expel the vapours that offend the Brain so that though it make him sick for the present yet when that is over he will find himself more brisk and lively than before having voided all the filth and slime that are the originals of all Diseases that happen at any time to any Horse after you have taken off the Bridle and removed the Roots give him a pint of the best French Wine mingled with three ounces of Honey let it be indifferent warm and then keep him as much from cold as is possible two hours after you may give him a warm Mash of Oats and Barley CHAP. XXVII The Discovery of several Tricks and Cheats used by Jockeys 1. FIrst then to make a dull Jade both kick wince and fling without either Whip or Spur they use this device in the fore part of a Saddle made for that purpose they have an Iron Plate through which is drilled three holes through which with a spring come three sharp wyers the which as long as the Rider sits upright do not prick the Horse but when he leans forward and presses the Bow of the Saddle they torment him so that he capers and dances though never so dull which the ignorant Buyer often supposes to proceed from the height of his Mettle which the Jockey spares not to avouch with Oaths 2. The Second is if any Gentleman have set up a Horse in a Stable at Livery the Jockey either by bribing the Hostler or privately by taking an opportunity in his absence will with a hair take up the vein on the inside of the Horses Leg or by cramping him in the Fet-lock with a small Wyer neither of which can be observed without a curious search either of which will cause the Horse after a quarter of an hours Riding to halt downright Lame then is the owner sent for whose coming the Jockey having notice of pretends some Business in the Stable and whilst the Gentleman is admiring the sudden mischance befallen his Horse he puts in his verdict saying it was a great deal of pity that so good a Beast should be disabled and by degrees insinuates into the Gentlemans acquaintance desiring him to send for a Farrier who comes and searches his foot but finds no cause of Lameness there whereupon the Gentleman dispairing of his recovery is often pressed by the Jockey to sell him at half the worth or swap him for some dull Jade that he or some of his Comrades have near at hand who having got the Gentlemans Horse by uncramping or letting loose the vein render him as at first 3. The Third Cheat they put upon Travellers is this coming into a Country Inn their first walk is into the Stable where taking a view of the Horses they

is not a wholsomer drink can be given to any horse especially after running CHAP. VII The Way and Method of looking to and keeping your Horse after he has taken this Potion WHen the Horse has taken it then immediately rub his Legs and pull off his Saddle and all other his cloths leaving him nothing on then curry him well and after brush him and with a dusting cloth dust him and again with a new hempen cloth or cloth of hair rub his body in every part but in so doing your greatest pains must be about his head neck and breast this being perfected put on his cloths and keep him as warm as possible and put several handfuls of straw under his girts and then let him remain without either meat or drink for the space of two hours during which time you must watch him and seldom let him stand still for fear of getting cold during the time the Potion is in working nay seep or standing still which he will chuse if he be left alone to himself are alike dangerous by reason that the blood and vital Spirits have not their operation so well as in times of motion nor the heat of the body power to force up the humors that lie as it were absconded in the several parts When he has stood in his Bridle and fasted so long as is before-mentioned or if you think convenient somewhat longer then take ears of wheat about one hundred and offer them to him to eat but let them not be bearded in any-wise but e'er you suffer him to take them feel him all over in what condition or estate of body he is and if you find him sweat on a sudden or any cold clamm over-spread his Limbs which many call a cold sweat or if you observe him to pant tremble or fetch his breath short with-hold your hand and give not any thing for if you do it will much indanger him these being the Symptoms that the Potions has not done working but that it is striving with the vicious humors and soul indigestures of the Body therefore put on his slip and taking off his Bridle stop all the Lights of the Stable the better to keep it dark and secure your Horse from too much Air and let him take his ease in your abseuce for the space of two hours or more by which time the Potion will have done working and his sickness will pass away Then coming to him again if you find him well you may give him the ears of wheat by four or five at a time till the whole parcel is wasted after that if he will eat any more you may suffer him to have the like quantity again and after them a small bundle of Hay bound up very hard and thrown into his Rack but during the time of his eating it be sure to rub him over as you have been taught but more especially his head Within the hour following give him his quantity of Oats as before mingling with them a pint of husked Beans as clean from husks and dust as can be then take tree slices of bread and the crust being cut away crumble them among the Oats and Beans and so give them to him and after he has eaten them let him stand about two hours and a half or three if you please Then coming to him give him some Bait again of each the same parcel as before then dress him down well and put on his cloth but put not on his Saddle nor back him neither let him have any water that night but keep him within doors for if you do otherwise you will endanger your horse CHAP. VIII The manner of making these Balls and their Virtue with an account of what Diseases they are most powerful to cure TAke the powder of Elicampane-Roots Cummin-seeds and Fenugreek-Seeds of each two ounces beaten and sifted as fine as you can possible to which put two ounces of Sugar-candy brown if you please beat that likewise fine flower of Brimstone the like quantity one ounce of the juice of Liquorice then wetting them with half a pint of White-wine set them over the fire after which take one ounce of the Chymical oil of Aniseeds and three ounces of the Syrup of Colts-foot add to these of Olive-oil Honey and Syrup or melted Sugar all of them being the best you can get one pint and a half that is of each half a pint proportionable then mingle all these Ingredients together and thicken them into paste with fine wheat-flower and so make them up into Balls for your use you must not make them above the bigness before-mentioned or if you please you may make them up as you use them put them or the Paste up into a gally-pot and stop it close and it will keep a long time For the use of them take these instructions for their virtues are very great First then if you use them for any sickness or dulness in your Horse anoint or rub them over with sweet Oil or Butter and so give them to him each Morning as you were taught before and after give him a gentle breathing and let him drink but if the weather be foul take him not out But if for cold or any infirmity in his Stomach you may give them to him till you perceive it is wasted and gone The Virtues of them are for several other things as Glanders Heaviness to purge away any molten grease to recover a lost Stomach Faintings and Heart-Qualms and to make any tolerable Horse fat to admiration but to your Race-Horses you must give for strengthning and cherishing the Spirits But now to the fourth and last fortnight for preparing your Horse which must begin with his last diet CHAP. IX The manner of making his last Diet. IN this you must use three Pecks of Wheat and but one of Beans and let them be ground together upon the black Stones as small as possible they can be then dress it through an exceeding fine dressing-cloth for note that every Bread must be finer than the former Then put to it the fore-mentioned quantity of Ale-Yest but be sure it be not sowre nor the Grounds Then knead it together and make it up into Loaves as formerly but to this above what has been spoken of you must add the Whites of two or three and twenty Eggs and instead of water put milk so much as will make it up They being baked let them stand their usual time and then cut the Crust away or as some call it chip them after which dry a quart of Oats well and after that sift them so that there be no defect left in them to which put your Beans in like manner ordered and at the usual times give them all three mingled together to him As for his Heating and Coursing-days the first week they must be punctually observed but the second you must abate him one that is heat him but once and that must be Mondays hear After he has stood one hour more

as the Horse liveth CHAP. XVIII An Account of the things to be observed for the preservation of a Horses Health and to make him live long THE First of which is mature and good digestion of whatsoever he eateth or drinketh so that it turn to pure blood and nourishment 2. The Second to be considered is spare and moderate feeding in which he must neither eat too fast nor too much 3. The Third must be taken from moderate Labour and seasonable Exercise 4. The Fourth is to observe fit times and seasons for sleeping and waking both which must be moderately taken 5. The Fifth He must not be too much acquainted with Mares nor ride them often for nothing sooner shortens life in any Creature 6. The Sixth not to be over-heat nor his Spirits to be wasted by long and tedious Journeys 7. The Seventh is continually to be in smooth serene and wholesom Air and not to feed in foggy Fens Marshes or damp Meadows 8. The Eighth Observe that you neither exercise nor any ways make him labour hard when he is newly taken from Grass 9. The Ninth To keep him from greedily eating young Grass either Clover or other but especially from Surfeiting on the blades of Corn. 10. The Tenth You must observe that he drink not when he has been hard ridden or laboured so that he is very hot 11. The Eleventh thing to be taken notice of is that you must neither wash nor walk him when you are come to your Journeys end ride him about a moderate pace till he begins to cool and then bring him into the Stable rub him well down and clap on his Cloths and wisp him round being well stored with Litter 12. The Twelfth and last is to give him Meat in due time observe his Scourings Diets and other Physical Medicines as occasion shall require the which in this Book you will find good store with large directions how to use them CHAP. XIX St. Anthony's most Admirable Remedy for any Sprain Swelling or stretching of Sinews or Nerves A better not to be found OF bruised Cummin seeds take three ounces and boil them in a pint of Oil of Camomil then add to them half a pound of yellow Bees-wax and let them boil to the thickness of a Cerecloth then spread it on Sheeps-Leather very hot and apply it to the place so grieved and in twice doing it will perfect the Cure if it be not too far gone if it be you must apply it till it is well CHAP. XX. The speediest and safest way to cure the swift Cut or the Knee-Cut TAke one pint of White wine then add to it two ounces of Virgin-Honey brew them together and boil them till the Honey is melted amongst the Wine and then add more of Turpentine the like quantity then let them boil to the thickness of a Salve and as hot as the Horse can endure it wash the cuts with it once or twice a day and it will quickly heal them but be sure you wash the dirt out of them if there be any in wash it with hot water before you apply the Ointment CHAP. XXI A speedy Remedy for Horse or a Cow that have any way licked up red Poison Worms Spiders or any other venemous Insect or that is ready to burst by eating of too much Clover Turnips or young eared Barley and drinking after it THis is to be known by their speedy swelling and slavering at the Mouth and working at the Fundament the which when you perceive that they are ready to burst which is a common thing about Harvest time be sure to have recess to this Medicine take four ounces of Spanish Sope or if that be not to be gotten our English Cake-Sope and scrape it into a Mortar then put to it two ounces of Dialphera then beat them small as you can together and make it into Balls as big as Pigeons Eggs and take one of them and dissolve it in hot Beer and if it will not quickly dissolve crumble it in then with a drenching horn or any such necessary implement pour it down the throat of the Beast so swelled be it either a Horse Ox or Cow and it will immediately abate the swelling by urine and scouring which it will force in abundance CHAP. XXII An approved Remedy for the mad Staggers or Lunacy THE Symptoms whereby you shall know whether your Horse be troubled with this Disease are his dulness and heaviness foaming at mouth dimness of sight often staring and having a blue skin over his sight restless and often reeling and the like the which or any of them being observed you must instantly take care to have your Horse let blood in the Neck in the great Blood-veins on the left side or if you think convenient on both sides and in the third Bar of the Palate of his mouth and prick him in the Nose just upon the Gristles above the Nostrils which bleeding will instantly abate the grievous pain of his Head then take a handful of Rue or Herb of Grace three or four cloves of Garlick an ounce of fine Salt Aqua vitae two spoonfuls of White-wine Vinegar one after they are bruised together strain them and pour the Liquid substance equally divided into his ears then with black Wool stop them close so that no Air can get in or tie them that he may not shake out the wool then fume his Nostrils through the little end of a Funnel with the peelings of Garlick and Mastick well dried and beaten and rowled up in little Balls or sprink led upon a chafing dish of Charcoals and so do three times a day at least and it will expel the infectious vapours that disturbed the Brain then give him a dram of single Poppy-Seeds beaten into Powder the which you must blow up his Nostrils and about two ounces of Poppy-water to drink which will cast him into a sound sleep after let his diet be mashed Oats and ground and give him cold water to drink and after twenty four hours you may unbind or unsere his ears and take out the wool and in a short time he will chear up and look lively again Probatum est CHAP. XXIII How to stop the Glaunders for a day or two whilst you have Sold or Swapped away your Horse who is troubled with the same FIrst of Verjuice take four ounces three spoonfuls of Olive Oil two of Aqua vitae and put half into one Nostril and the rest into the other with a Siringe when it is Luke-warm then ride your Horse full speed for half a mile or more only when you observe him begin to cough ride gently and put him into a warm Stable cover him with Cloths and give him a Mash but if he be ill disposed upon the turning of the Glaunders give him new Milk as warm as possible and they will infallibly stop CHAP. XXIV How to order your Stallion as to his Diet when he is to cover your Mare AT any time when you design

is well light and after you have pulled off his Muzzle and rubbed his head in every part thereof offer him a quart of Oats steeped in a pint of Muskadine or Tent but before you put them in bruise them a little if he chance to refuse it put him some Oats in the whites of Eggs only or to be better sure of his eating some of the best and finest Bread and some whole Wheat well sisted and dressed mingle with his Oats in which you must use no Beans but be sure you give him but a little of any of these diets for if you fill him he will be unfit for the Race and may fail your expectation which otherwise he no doubt would have answered in each particular to your great satisfaction If he empty not his Body freely take him abroad and air him a little and see if you can possibly get him to dung and urine the which if he do the which no doubt by this time you will have taught him to do bring him into the Stable again and put his Muzzle on but on the contrary if he will empty without any farther trouble in the Stable 't is needless to lead him out and far better to let him remain till the time you are designed to run or about half an hour before according as the distance is from the place he is kept at to the starting place Just as you are going to lead him dip the Bit of his Bridle in Muskadine or Alicant and then drawing off his Muzzle draw on his bridle but if you see him inclinable to empty let him do it before and to incite him to do it the more speedily give him about a pint of washed Oats Bread and Wheat as before you did then spread soft wax such as shoo-makers use under your Girts and Saddle which done girt it gently on his back so that he scarcely feel it is on then spread a large white Linen cloth over his Saddle and over it all his other cloths which likewise being slightly girt stick wisps under his Girts or Sursingles but let them be very soft then cover him with some piece of rich Tapestry or Cloth of State to make him shew gallant after which pour down his throat with a drenching horn one pint of Muscadine Alicant or for want of either Canary Then lead him forth with courage and suffer him to move gently and if he offer to smell to any dung either old or new suffer him by any means to do it or if he offer not endeavour to make him for it will cause him to evacuate which will much lighten him and help him in the Race nay use double diligence herein by leading him to such places as you think will soonest provoke him to it as heaps of rushes brakes or heath little bushes high tufted grass or the like but if there happen to be no such in your way then you may spread and light up some Straw under his feet making it rustle then whistle and touch him gently with your switch or whip to make him stretch the which no doubt will effect your desire Again If he foam at mouth by champing hard upon his Bit or otherwise you must take care to have a fine linen cloth ready to wipe it off and a vessel of fair cool water to cleanse and wash his mouth still as you observe the froth or foam to rise Then having walked him gently to the place designed for starting you must take off all to his Saddle and having rubbed him down with care in every part which must be done with hard wisps search and cleanse his feet and spurt some water in his mouth after which your self or whom you assign to ride him may take his Back and observing the fair start put him swiftly on and run the Match No doubt with good success for this manner of ordering will seldom fail your expectations if your horse in himself be but sound and of good Mettl'd Limbs and strength to bear him out Now I shall give the curious to understand as necessary a point belonging to horses as has ever been discoursed of in any Tract whatsoever the which will be very useful for all those whose employ it is to trade in Horses and be as the Sailers Card to direct them in that affair and keep them from being over-seen or cheated in any Market or Fair whatsoever with each particular observation rule and method to be taken notice of in the Limbs body and head as eyes mouth nose ears and the true manner to know a good Horse from a bad But to begin first there are these things to be observed if you will chuse a Horse that shall be for your turn and please you in every part and in all his actions travels or other labours as Hunting Racing War drawing of Coach Chariot or any rural service whatsoever but take notice that no one Horse can be capable of all these Therefore you must chuse your Horse according to what you design him for and so manage him accordingly But to imperfection in general the which I will undertake to demonstrate in the sound Horse who is no ways defective because in him may lively appear all the maladies and mischances that may or can befal any horse whatsoever First then be advised that whenever you design to buy a Horse take especial notice of all his parts and the full proportion of his body according to his natural shape or if you can observe any imperfection in his Limbs that may arise by accident whereby they are lessened or made bigger take special care to find out the cause of it if possible by which you may know what you buy and whether to like or dislike him In which your observances in election must be drawn from two heads the first of which is general the latter peculiar or proper For the first of which it is to be understood upon what occasion you buy your Horse or for what use he is designed what colour is best or best pleases you next his stature breed and likeliness these are general because every man in this will please himself according to his fancy nor ever can we imagine all men to be of a mind in this therefore it is best to let them chuse according to their own pleasure nor much matters it The next which is a peculiar or a particular Query is to know what Country-breed he is of whether English or Foreign to know which you must enquire of those who have had the breeding of him or if that cannot be known by reason of his being so often bought and sold take these particular observations if he be Spanish breed his Limbs are small and streight dry and spare like a Hart's if Barbary a fine little Head and a well-set Breast and Shoulder if of Naples he is hawks-nosed and clear-eyed his eyes seeming to sparkle if Dutch or Flemmish his legs will be generally rough and large-hoofed as for French