Selected quad for the lemma: water_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
water_n	boil_v	let_v	put_v	19,006	5	5.9574	4	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A61885	Legends no histories, or, A specimen of some animadversions upon The history of the Royal Society wherein, besides the several errors against common literature, sundry mistakes about the making of salt-petre and gun-powder are detected and rectified : whereunto are added two discourses, one of Pietro Sardi and another of Nicolas Tartaglia relating to that subject, translated out of Italian : with a brief account of those passages of the authors life ... : together with the Plus ultra of Mr. Joseph Glanvill reduced to a non-plus, &c. / by Henry Stubbe ...	Stubbe, Henry, 1632-1676.; Tartaglia, Niccolò, d. 1557. Quesiti et inventioni diverse. Libro 3. English.; Sardi, Pietro, b. 1559? Artiglieria. English. Selections.; Stubbe, Henry, 1632-1676. Plus ultra reduced to a non plus.; Henshaw, Thomas, 1618-1700.	1670 (1670)	Wing S6053; Wing S6063_PARTIAL; ESTC R21316	289,570	380

other_o water_n careless_o in_o one_o or_o more_o vessel_n that_o will_v hold_v they_o these_o last_o water_n shall_v be_v take_v and_o force_v to_o pass_v over_o new_a earth_n operate_n as_o before_o and_o so_o many_o time_n shall_v they_o pass_v over_o new_a earth_n until_o you_o find_v the_o water_n sufficient_o impregnate_v with_o nitre_n which_o you_o shall_v easy_o know_v by_o the_o taste_n for_o the_o tongue_n will_v be_v hardly_o able_a to_o endure_v it_o for_o the_o great_a hea●_n and_o the_o water_n will_v bear_v almost_o a_o new_a lay_v egg_n without_o sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n ibid._n have_v collect_v a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o this_o nitrous_a water_n you_o must_v put_v it_o into_o one_o or_o more_o great_a brazen_a or_o copper_n caldron_n like_o those_o of_o the_o dyer_n accommodate_v to_o a_o furnace_n which_o be_v fill_v of_o two_o three_o of_o such_o liquor_n i._n e._n in_o such_o manner_n that_o a_o three_o part_n of_o the_o caldron_n be_v yet_o empty_a give_v fire_n to_o it_o at_o first_o gentle_o afterward_o more_o strong_o by_o degree_n until_o the_o boil_a be_v well_o advance_v and_o so_o continue_v until_o the_o caldron_n be_v but_o one_o three_o part_n full_a of_o liquor_n or_o to_o say_v better_a until_o but_o half_a of_o what_o be_v put_v in_o do_v remain_v the_o water_n of_o one_o or_o more_o caldron_n be_v boil_a and_o reduce_v to_o such_o a_o quantity_n ibid._n let_v they_o be_v gentle_o take_v out_o and_o put_v in_o a_o capacious_a tun_n or_o tun_n well_o hoop_v with_o hoop_n of_o iron_n and_o let_v they_o be_v cover_v with_o hempen_a cloth_n and_o table_n upon_o they_o very_o diligent_o and_o so_o let_v they_o be_v leave_v until_o they_o cool_v and_o that_o they_o be_v settle_v very_o well_o in_o such_o manner_n that_o all_o the_o earthy_a substance_n and_o naughty_a salt_n be_v fall_v to_o the_o bottom_n congeli_fw-la these_o water_n be_v thus_o purify_v let_v they_o again_o be_v gentle_o that_o they_o be_v not_o trouble_v but_o the_o common_a salt_n and_o earthiness_n leave_v in_o the_o bottom_n return_v in_o to_o the_o cleanse_a caldron_n and_o they_o be_v boil_a as_o at_o first_o until_o one_o half_a be_v consume_v ib._n or_o at_o least_o until_o you_o know_v it_o be_v boil_a and_o be_v coagulate_v which_o will_v be_v know_v when_o take_v a_o little_a upon_o a_o stick_n and_o drop_v it_o on_o a_o polish_v marble_n or_o stone_n if_o it_o remain_v congeal_v or_o to_o say_v better_o thicken_v it_o be_v a_o sign_n it_o be_v boil_a and_o therefore_o take_v it_o from_o the_o fire_n and_o suffer_v it_o to_o cool_v it_o be_v thus_o cool_v &_o clarify_v let_v there_o be_v ready_a some_o tray●_n make_v of_o plank_n long_o &_o not_o too_o large_a nor_o too_o deep_a but_o more_o large_a in_o the_o top_n then_o in_o the_o bottom_n let_v these_o be_v fill_v with_o the_o boil_a and_o clarify_a water_n a_o handful_n high_a put_v into_o they_o some_o little_a stick_n of_o wood_n without_o bark_n and_o cover_v the_o tray_n and_o let_v they_o stand_v so_o two_o or_o three_o day_n and_o at_o that_o time_n or_o long_o according_a to_o the_o season_n you_o shall_v find_v the_o sal-nitri_a congeal_v and_o cleave_v to_o the_o side_n of_o the_o tray_n and_o the_o stick_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o clear_a crystal_n which_o take_v away_o careful_o and_o the_o water_n that_o remain_v let_v it_o be_v put_v to_o boil_v anew_o as_o at_o first_o leave_v the_o salt_n and_o the_o dregs_o in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o tray_n and_o because_o the_o water_n in_o the_o boil_a swell_n and_o make_v a_o scum_n it_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o take_v away_o that_o scum_n careful_o as_o they_o do_v from_o the_o fleshpot_n and_o to_o reserve_v that_o scum_n to_o throw_v it_o upon_o the_o earth_n take_v from_o the_o tun_n to_o reimpregnate_n it_o with_o salt-petre_a moreover_o because_o the_o water_n in_o boil_a will_v spatter_v out_o of_o the_o caldron_n to_o remedy_v this_o let_v there_o be_v ready_a a_o strong_a lie_n make_v 3_o fourth_n of_o fern_n ash_n or_o the_o ash_n of_o oak_n holm_n o●_n oak_n or_o with_o ash_n or_o maple_n such_o as_o be_v use_v a●_n the_o first_o elixiviation_n and_o of_o one_o four_o of_o quicklime_n and_o in_o the_o say_v strong_a lie_n for_o every_o hundred_o pint_n let_v there_o be_v dissolve_v four_o pound_n for_o roach-allu●●_a and_o of_o this_o lie_n so_o prepare_v take_v one_o or_o two_o pot●uls_n and_o throw_v it_o in_o by_o little_a and_o little_a when_o the_o cauldron_n swell_v and_o it_o will_v present_o be_v quiet_a and_o descend_v and_o become_v of_o a_o clear_a azure_a colour_n and_o the_o dregs_n of_o the_o common_a salt_n will_v fall_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o manner_n to_o refine_v sal-p●trae_a to_o make_v gunpowder_n cap._n 50._o all_o the_o vigour_n of_o gunpowder_n consist_v in_o sol-petrae_a its_o quantity_n and_o its_o perfection_n if_o the_o salpetre_a shall_v be_v put_v in_o use_n of_o the_o first_o boil_v the_o powder_n will_v ●ot_n be_v so_o perfect_a and_o so_o strong_a as_o need_n will_v require_v for_o the_o quantity_n of_o terrestrial_a matter●_n common●_n salt_n and_o unctuosity_n 3._o which_o also_o reside_v with_o the_o petre_n do_v hinder_v its_o virtue_n and_o strength_n and_o therefore_o the_o artist_n do_v always_o anew_o refine_v the_o say_a salt-petre_a and_o purge_v it_o from_o every_o extraneous_a matter_n as_o much_o as_o be_v possible_a that_o they_o may_v obtain_v the_o most_o strenuous_a effect_n of_o powder_n that_o can_v be_v desire_v this_o refine_v be_v make_v in_o two_o manner_n either_o with_o water_n common_o call_v the_o wet_a or_o with_o fire_n common_o call_v the_o dry_a or_o the_o burn_v guazzo_n the_o wet_a or_o with_o water_n be_v make_v thus_o they_o take_v as_o much_o sal-nitre_a as_o they_o please_v to_o refine_v and_o put_v it_o in_o a_o cauldron_n over_o a_o furnace_n and_o upon_o that_o sal-nitre_a they_o put_v such_o a_o quantity_n of_o fresh_a and_o clear_a water_n as_o may_v be_v sufficient_a to_o dissolve_v it_o they_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o water_n 3._o and_o for_o every_o barrel_n of_o water_n which_o they_o put_v into_o the_o cauldron_n they_o put_v five_o or_o six_o pot-fulls_a of_o that_o strong_a lie_n make_v of_o ferne-ash_n oak_n and_o quicklime_n and_o alum_n and_o give_v fire_n to_o the_o cauldron_n at_o first_o soft_o and_o afterward_o increase_v it_o un_fw-we till_o the_o melt_a nitre_n boil_v and_o raise_v a_o scum_n 3._o let_v there_o be_v ready_a a_o great_a tun_n or_o vessel_n place_v so_o high_a that_o another_o vessel_n may_v stand_v under_o it_o to_o receive_v the_o salnitrous_a water_n which_o by_o little_a shall_v strain_v from_o above_o and_o in_o the_o say_v great_a tun_n let_v there_o be_v put_v a_o hands-breadth_n of_o clean_a and_o wash_a sand_n and_o upon_o that_o a_o great_a linen_n clothe_v double_v as_o the_o laundress_n do_v and_o on_o that_o pour_v the_o water_n from_o the_o cauldron_n which_o contain_v the_o melt_a nitre_n as_o soon_o as_o it_o boil_v and_o the_o scum_n be_v take_v from_o it_o and_o let_v it_o strain_v by_o little_a and_o little_a by_o the_o ●●p_n into_o the_o vessel_n below_o as_o they_o do_v in_o make_v their_o buck_n which_o water_n be_v all_o strain_a let_v it_o be_v put_v into_o a_o clear_a cauldron_n and_o boil_v it_o till_o by_o the_o proof_n of_o a_o congealed_a drop_n it_o may_v be_v know_v to_o be_v well_o boil_a not_o forget_v to_o give_v it_o some_o of_o the_o strong_a li●_n of_o alum_n ash_n and_o lime_n when_o the_o cauldron_n swell_v and_o will_v spatter_v out_o the_o water_n and_o have_v make_v proof_n it_o be_v boil_a enough_o let_v it_o be_v take_v out_o and_o put_v into_o the_o long_a tray_n to_o cool●_n as_o before_o and_o preserve_v the_o congeal_a salt-petre_a and_o return_v the_o water_n to_o boil_v again_o that_o remain_v and_o again_o to_o congeal_v and_o do_v so_o until_o the_o water_n give_v no_o more_o salt-petre_a now_o this_o salt-petre_a so_o refine_v be_v call_v salt-petre_a refine_v of_o the_o ●econd_v boiling_n as_o the_o refiner_n of_o sugar_n call_v their_o sugar_n refine_v of_o the_o second_o third_z or_o four_o boil_a and_o to_o make_v saltpetre_n of_o such_o perfection_n you_o may_v as_o some_o do_v refine_v it_o that_o be_v reboyl_v it_o in_o such_o manner_n the_o three_o time_n proceed_v always_o as_o before_o because_o that_o there_o be_v such_o difficulty_n in_o the_o depurate_n of_o saltpetre_n from_o the_o fix_a common_a salt_n alum_n &_o vitriol_n which_o adhere_v to_o it_o &_o that_o without_o this_o be_v do_v no_o man_n can_v judge_v whether_o the_o salt_n it_o leave_v upon_o calcination_n be_v from_o the_o nitre_n or_o some_o

recover_v it_o by_o powder_n spoil_v be_v mean_v that_o which_o want_v much_o of_o the_o vigour_n and_o virtue_n which_o it_o have_v in_o the_o beginning_n now_o this_o want_n proceed_v from_o no_o other_o thing_n than_o that_o the_o virtue_n of_o the_o salt-petre_n which_o give_v it_o that_o vigour_n be_v weaken_v and_o vanish_v now_o the_o virtue_n of_o salt-petre_a reduce_v into_o gunpowder_n be_v lose_v either_o by_o age_n or_o moisture_n by_o old_a age_n because_o be_v ●onjoy'nd_a with_o coal_n and_o sulphur_n it_o do_v participate_v of_o that_o corruption_n which_o will_v happen_v to_o they_o in_o time_n by_o moisture_n because_o the_o salt-petre_a compose_v of_o salnitrous_a water_n as_o all_o other_o salt_n of_o their_o salt_n water_n do_v no_o soon_o as_o it_o be_v see_v the_o moisture_n but_o by_o that_o by_o little_a and_o little_a it_o be_v convert_v into_o moisture_n and_o the_o virtue_n and_o vigour_n thereof_o be_v exhale_a by_o that_o humidity_n thus_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o salt-petre_a be_v separate_v by_o this_o humidity_n from_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o composition_n of_o the_o powder_n 18._o and_o the_o salt-petre_a being_n more_o ponderous_a than_o the_o other_o two_o material_n which_o be_v no●_n exhale_v as_o be_v the_o petre_n it_o follow_v that_o of_o that_o quantity_n of_o powder_n which_o in_o the_o perfection_n of_o it_o be_v enclose_v in_o the_o barrel_n for_o example_n one_o hundred_o pound_n after_o the_o salt-petre_a be_v waste_v in_o this_o manner_n either_o by_o old_a age_n or_o moisture_n there_o will_v not_o remain_v the_o same_o quantity_n but_o much_o less_o now_o to_o recover_v this_o powder_n thus_o waste_v it_o be_v to_o be_v do_v two_o way_n viz._n to_o adjoyn_v the_o quantity_n of_o salt-petre_a be_v want_v to_o make_v it_o vigorous_a and_o perfect_a or_o to_o take_v away_o that_o salt-petre_a which_o remain_v in_o the_o waste_a powder_n to_o refine_v the_o salt-petre_a and_o to_o make_v other_o powder_n anew_o with_o it_o he_o to_o recover_v that_o same_o weaken_a powder_n by_o the_o vanish_v of_o the_o nitre_n proceed_v in_o this_o manner_n take_v all_o that_o quantity_n of_o waste_a powder_n and_o put_v it_o on_o a_o cloth_n and_o lay_v it_o in_o the_o sun_n to_o dry_v which_o be_v perfect_o dry_v fill_v a_o barrel_n with_o it_o ●or_a example_n let_v there_o be_v one_o hundred_o pound_n then_o let_v it_o be_v empty_v aside_o and_o let_v the_o barrel_n be_v fill_v with_o perfect_a powder_n such_o as_o be_v the_o spoil_v in_o the_o perfect_a vigour_n of_o it_o let_v it_o be_v weigh_v and_o note_v how_o many_o pound_n it_o weigh_v for_o example_n suppose_v one_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o here_o we_o say_v that_o those_o twenty_o pound_n more_o which_o the_o barrel_n of_o perfect_a powder_n weigh_v shall_v be_v twenty_o pound_n of_o salt-petre_a which_o the_o o●her_n want_v now_o let_v we_o see_v how_o much_o waste_v powder_n there_o be_v in_o all_o and_o if_o there_o be_v for_o example_n 10000_o pound_n for_o to_o know_v then_o in_o this_o great_a quantity_n of_o naughty_a powder_n how_o many_o pound_n of_o salt-petre_a there_o be_v want_v to_o reduce_v it_o to_o perfection_n and_o vigour_n work_v with_o the_o golden_a rule_n of_o the_o 4_o proportional_n say_v if_o one_o hundred_o pound_n of_o waste_a powder_n there_o want_v 20_o pound_n of_o salt-petre_a how_o much_o petre_n will_v there_o be_v want_v in_o ten_o thousand_o let_v the_o second_o number_n be_v multiply_v by_o the_o three_o viz._n 20_o by_o 10000_o and_o the_o product_n shall_v be_v divide_v by_o the_o first_o viz._n by_o 100_o and_o you_o shall_v have_v 2000_o in_o the_o quotient_a and_o these_o shall_v be_v the_o pound_n of_o salt-petre_a which_o be_v want_v in_o the_o waste_a powder_n to_o reduce_v it_o to_o perfection_n let_v these_o 2000_o l._n of_o salt-petre_a be_v powder_v &_o likewise_o the_o 10000_o of_o bad_a powder_n as_o the_o manner_n be_v and_o take_v a_o proportion_n let_v it_o be_v incorporate_v with_o the_o 2000_o of_o salt-petre_a beat_v they_o together_o according_a to_o art_n and_o in_o such_o manner_n work_v they_o there_o will_v be_v make_v good_a powder_n if_o we_o will_v take_v away_o all_o the_o salt-petre_a out_o of_o waste_a powder_n we_o must_v proceed_v in_o this_o manner_n let_v there_o be_v prepare_v one_o or_o more_o capacious_a tubbs_n and_o on_o they_o let_v there_o be_v lay_v three_o or_o four_o linen_n clothes_n like_o the_o skin_n of_o a_o drum_n well_o tie_v but_o not_o so_o straight_o then_o let_v there_o be_v another_o vessel_n or_o more_o of_o copper_n or_o wood_n and_o put_v therein_o the_o quantity_n of_o spoil_a powder_n that_o shall_v seem_v fit_a and_o pour_v upon_o it_o as_o much_o fresh_a clear_a water_n as_o shall_v dissolve_v it_o stir_v it_o with_o a_o cudgel_n or_o a_o schoope_o this_o be_v liquify_v with_o a_o ladle_n or_o bucket_n throw_v it_o upon_o the_o cloth_n over_o the_o table_n that_o the_o clear_a water_n may_v strain_v into_o the_o tub_n and_o upon_o the_o cloth_n may_v remain_v the_o coal_n and_o the_o sulphur_n and_o when_o it_o be_v all_o strain_a throw_v soft_o a_o bucket_n or_o two_o of_o water_n to_o draw_v away_o the_o substance_n of_o salt-petre_a that_o shall_v remain_v with_o the_o coal_n and_o sulphur_n and_o in_o this_o manner_n shall_v be_v do_v until_o all_o the_o salt-petre_a of_o the_o naughty_a powder_n be_v strain_v draw_v away_o the_o strain_a water_n in_o the_o table_n when_o it_o be_v full_a and_o if_o these_o water_n be_v not_o clear_a let_v they_o be_v put_v on_o again_o on_o the_o wash_v and_o cleanse_v cloth_n and_o let_v they_o be_v strain_v again_o until_o they_o be_v clear_a then_o take_v all_o these_o clear_a water_n and_o boil_v they_o in_o the_o caldron_n as_o before_o and_o then_o put_v they_o in_o the_o tray_n to_o congeal_v and_o make_v salt-petre_a and_o take_v and_o refine_a and_o new_a powder_n make_v of_o it_o as_o the_o manner_n be_v and_o the_o coal_n and_o sulphur_n may_v be_v dry_v perfect_o and_o proof_n make_v if_o it_o will_v serve_v but_o if_o not_o you_o must_v take_v new_a sulphur_n and_o coal_n but_o here_o i_o do_v advertise_v that_o all_o that_o be_v here_o say_v be_v write_v only_o that_o the_o gunuer_n in_o time_n of_o necessity_n may_v supply_v himself_o and_o do_v the_o best_a that_o he_o can_v for_o such_o salt-petre_a and_o powder_n be_v not_o make_v with_o that_o diligence_n and_o art_n that_o the_o powder-master_n and_o salt-petremen_a do_v but_o yet_o it_o will_v not_o fail_v to_o serve_v in_o ●●me_n of_o necessity_n dal._n pietro_n sardi_n in_o venet._n 1629._o the_o three_o book_n of_o the_o various_a question_n and_o invention_n of_o nicolas_n tartaglia_n of_o sal_fw-la nitre_n and_o the_o various_a composition_n of_o the_o gunpowder_n of_o the_o propriety_n or_o the_o particular_a office_n which_o each_o of_o the_o material_n have_v in_o that_o composition_n and_o ●ther_o particular_n the_o first_o enquiry_n make_v by_o signior_n gabriel_n tadino_n prior_n of_o barletta_n be_v it_o not_o to_o be_v wonder_v at_o that_o the_o ancient_n have_v no_o knowledge_n of_o sal-nitre_a which_o to_o we_o modern_n be_v become_v so_o familiar_a prior._n nicol._n yea_o rather_o the_o knowledge_n of_o that_o simple_a be_v most_o ancient_a for_o most_o of_o the_o ancient_a naturalist_n make_v mention_n of_o it_o true_a it_o be_v that_o some_o of_o they_o translation_n and_o especial_o avicenna_n have_v call_v it_o baurach_n because_o it_o be_v so_o call_v in_o the_o arabic_a tongue_n some_o aphroni●um_n because_o it_o be_v so_o name_v in_o the_o greek_a and_o other_o as_o serapion_n diascorides_n and_o pliny_n have_v ca●led_v it_o nitrum_fw-la or_o spuma_fw-la nitri_fw-la for_o the_o latin_n so_o call_v it_o and_o in_o the_o pandect_v it_o be_v affirm_v there_o be_v two_o sort_n of_o nitrum_fw-la or_o sal_fw-la nitri_fw-la viz._n mineral_n and_o artificial_a of_o the_o mineral_n they_o say_v there_o be_v 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to_o make_v the_o petre_n begin_v to_o shoot_v at_o the_o bottom_n and_o rock_n into_o fair_a crystall_n these_o and_o many_o other_o circumstance_n convince_v i_o that_o mr._n henshaw_n steal_v his_o narrative_a and_o then_o certain_o fetch_v his_o from_o no_o other_o place_n only_o he_o spoil_n a_o plausible_a theory_n and_o tell_v we_o he_o be_v much_o delight_v with_o it_o and_o no_o doubt_n thereof_o so_o be_v some_o of_o the_o society_n and_o it_o be_v a_o extraordinary_a apprehension_n they_o have_v of_o the_o worth_n of_o this_o history_n that_o they_o insert_v it_o into_o mr._n sprat_n book_n and_o true_o i_o be_v as_o much_o please_v thereat_o as_o they_o can_v be_v animadversion_n upon_o the_o history_n of_o make_v of_o gunpowder_n 277._o write_v also_o by_o mr._n henshaw_n if_o some_o of_o our_o wit_n be_v not_o such_o enemy_n to_o logic_n a_o part_n whereof_o be_v method_n i_o shall_v have_v expect_v to_o have_v find_v in_o the_o continuation_n of_o the_o history_n of_o 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equal_a part_n for_o withy_n alone_o be_v count_v too_o soft_a and_o some_o do_v commend_v hazle_n to_o be_v as_o good_a as_o the_o other_o two_o i_o find_v that_o those_o that_o make_v gunpowder_n at_o coventry_n during_o the_o late_a war_n use_v any_o ●ight-wood-coal_n 911._o as_o maple_n and_o asp_n and_o think_v their_o powder_n as_o good_a as_o any_o can_v be_v some_o have_v tell_v i_o that_o they_o have_v know_v birch-coal_n very_o good_a i_o find_v botallus_n to_o reckon_v up_o as_o ingredient_n promiscuous_o use_v in_o the_o make_n of_o gunpowder_n 13._o carbones_fw-la cannabinos_fw-la saliceos_fw-la vel_fw-la juglandeos●_n ●_z and_o semienowicz_n say_v that_o if_o you_o can_v get_v enough_o of_o withy_n or_o hazle_n to_o charre_v si_fw-mi salicis_fw-la et_fw-la coryli_fw-la sufficiens_fw-la non_fw-la detur_fw-la copia_fw-la ad_fw-la urendos_fw-la carbones_fw-la vice_n horum_fw-la tilia_fw-la sicca_fw-la supplere_fw-la poterit_fw-la si_fw-mi exiguam_fw-la aliquam_fw-la carbonum_fw-la portionem_fw-la praeparare_fw-la cupis_fw-la virgulta_fw-la ex_fw-la coryla_fw-fr et_fw-la salice_fw-la vel_fw-la lignum_fw-la tiliae_fw-la aut_fw-la j●niperi_fw-la in_o parva_fw-la frustula_n secta_fw-la et_fw-fr optimé_fw-fr siccata_fw-la vasi_fw-la alicui_fw-la testaceo_fw-la includito_fw-la et_fw-la operculo_fw-la figulneâ_fw-la cretâ_fw-la ad_fw-la orificium_fw-la vasis_fw-la firmato_fw-la postea_fw-la candentibus_fw-la ●ndique●_n stipatum_fw-la prunis_fw-la per_fw-la unius_fw-la horae_fw-la spatium_fw-la ibidem_fw-la in_o uno_fw-la continuo_fw-la et_fw-la aequali_fw-la semper_fw-la caloris_fw-la gradu_fw-la manere_fw-la sinito_fw-la frigescattandem_fw-la sua_fw-la sponte_fw-la et_fw-la usti_fw-la eximantur_fw-la carbones_fw-la sunt_fw-la qui_fw-la mappas_fw-la et_fw-la lineam_fw-la telam_fw-la vetustam_fw-la bene_fw-la et_fw-la siccatam_fw-la hoc_fw-la modo_fw-la in_o carbo●em_fw-la redigant_fw-la cujus_fw-la etiam_fw-la non_fw-la spernenda_fw-la virtus_fw-la in_o re_fw-la pyrotechnica_fw-la i_o find_v another_o excellent_a writer_n of_o pyrotechny_n one_o signior_n vannu●cio_n biringoccio_n a_o nobleman_n of_o sienna_n print_v at_o venice_n the_o three_o time_n in_o 1559._o to_o use_v other_o material_n for_o his_o coal_n then_o our_o virtuoso_fw-la propound_v to_o make_v the_o coal_n some_o beside_o willow_n use_v

a_o history_n of_o salt-petre_n and_o gunpowd_a th●y_v be_v certain_o a_o lamentable_a sort_n of_o scribbler_n that_o write_v so_o ill_o have_v so_o good_a copy_n before_o they_o that_o noble_a siennoi●_n who_o i_o have_v already_o cite_v nicolo_n tartaglia_n in_o his_o quesi●i_fw-la et_fw-la inven●ioni_fw-la diverse_a and_o pietro_n sardi_n in_o his_o book_n l'artiglieria_n have_v write_v excellent_o well_o of_o this_o subject_n and_o in_o the_o year_n 1650_o casimirus_n semienowicz_n a_o lithuanian_a knight_n and_o former_o lieutenant_n of_o the_o ordnance_n to_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n publish_v a_o most_o elaborate_v discourse_n about_o the_o use_n of_o the_o great_a artillery_n he_o be_v a_o man_n that_o make_v those_o study_n his_o business_n &_o have_v signalise_v himself_o by_o his_o skill_n in_o the_o management_n of_o all_o manner_n of_o artillery_n he_o be_v employ_v &_o honour_v by_o uladislaus_n the_o four_o king_n of_o poland_n &_o sweden_n by_o he_o encourage_v to_o 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gunpowder_n in_o his_o book_n l'_fw-mi artigleria_n lib._n 3._o cap._n 49_o 50_o 51.52_o 53_o 54._o print_v in_o venice_n in_o folio_n sal_fw-la nitri_fw-la be_v the_o groundwork_n strength_n and_o spirit_n of_o the_o powder_n which_o by_o the_o quantity_n and_o perfection_n of_o the_o nitre_n be_v say_v to_o be_v more_o or_o less_o fine_a and_o effectual_a it_o seem_v good_a here_o to_o discourse_v somewhat_o concern_v it_o whence_o it_o be_v generate_v how_o make_v and_o reduce_v to_o perfection_n to_o the_o end_n the_o gunner_n in_o every_o occasion_n want_v powder_n powder-maker_n and_o saltpetre-man_n may_v know_v how_o to_o make_v it_o if_o not_o in_o that_o perfection_n which_o the_o saltpeter-man_n do_v by_o their_o art_n yet_o at_o least_o such_o as_o may_v serve_v in_o time_n of_o necessity_n sal_fw-la nitri_fw-la be_v extract_v from_o the_o earth_n in_o great_a quantity_n and_o from_o wall_n in_o small_a to_o wit_n from_o that_o salt_n which_o some_o wall_n of_o cellar_n 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kingdom_n to_o enter_v into_o all_o house_n private_a and_o public_a to_o find_v out_o such_o salt-peter-earth_n and_o the_o private_a person_n be_v force_v to_o be_v patient_a because_o it_o be_v for_o the_o service_n of_o the_o king_n 2._o there_o be_v three_o way_n to_o know_v if_o the_o earth_n be_v pregnant_a of_o salt-petre_n 1._o with_o the_o mouth_n put_v a_o little_a on_o the_o tongue_n if_o there_o be_v sense_n of_o a_o bite_a tas●_n 2._o with_o a_o burn_a iron-thrust_a into_o a_o hole_n make_v with_o a_o sharp_a wooden_a stick_n and_o suffer_v it_o to_o cool_v there_o and_o if_o upon_o draw_v it_o out_o it_o appear_v of_o a_o yellow_a whitish_a colour_n it_o be_v a_o sign_n there_o be_v nitre_n there_o but_o if_o it_o remain_v of_o the_o natural_a colour_n it_o be_v unprofitable_a 3._o it_o be_v prove_v likewise_o ib._n take_v a_o handful_n and_o sprinkle_v it_o light_o on_o burn_a coal_n if_o there_o be_v perceive_v any_o crackle_v noise_n and_o any_o sparkle_n issue_n forth_o speedy_o it_o shall_v be_v a_o sign_n of_o salt-petre-earth_n otherwise_o of_o none_o have_v get_v great_a quantity_n of_o this_o pregnant_a earth_n you_o ought_v also_o to_o have_v ready_a a_o good_a quantity_n of_o ash_n make_v of_o oak_n cerro_n holm_n oak_n or_o 〈…〉_z vine-branche_n or_o some_o other_o strong_a wood_n with_o a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o quicklime_n which_o thing_n be_v thus_o prepare_v take_v two_o part_n of_o the_o say_a lime_n and_o three_o of_o ash_n and_o let_v they_o be_v well_o mingle_v together_o let_v there_o be_v also_o prepare_v a_o great_a 〈…〉_z vessel_n place_v on_o high_a in_o such_o manner_n that_o under_o it_o may_v stand_v another_o vessel_n to_o receive_v the_o water_n that_o shall_v be_v strain_v from_o that_o above_o in_o the_o upper_a vessel_n shall_v be_v put_v broom_n or_o straw_n in_o the_o bottom_n or_o plain_n and_o over_o the_o hole_n where_o the_o water_n be_v to_o issue_v ou●_n shall_v be_v place_v a_o piece_n of_o a_o tile_n or_o some_o such_o thing_n as_o the_o woman_n do_v in_o their_o buck_n and_o the_o hole_n must_v be_v ●hut_v very_o well_o afterwards_o take_v the_o salnitrous_a earth_n moderate_o dry_v and_o put_v it_o into_o the_o vessel_n a_o handful_n thick_a and_o upon_o that_o a_o ground_n of_o two_o or_o three_o finger_n high_a of_o that_o ash_n and_o lime_n mingle_v together_o supra_fw-la and_o then_o a_o ground_n of_o earth_n and_o again_o of_o ash_n and_o lime_n continue_v this_o course_n until_o the_o vessel_n be_v full_a within_o a_o handful_n and_o a_o half_a this_o be_v thus_o manage_v let_v it_o be_v fill_v up_o with_o common_a water_n sweet_a and_o clear_a in_o which_o be_v not_o the_o least_o salt_n ib._n and_o because_o the_o earth_n will_v quick_o suck_v up_o the_o water_n let_v it_o be_v put_v in_o so_o by_o degree_n till_o the_o earth_n will_v admit_v no_o more_o and_o the_o vessel_n be_v fill_v equal_a to_o the_o earth_n and_o not_o high_o it_o be_v thus_o fill_v let_v it_o stand_v twenty_o four_o hour_n or_o more_o after_o which_o time_n open_a the_o tap-hole_n and_o let_v the_o water_n strain_n into_o the_o vessel_n underneath_o which_o be_v all_o strain_a let_v that_o water_n be_v empty_v into_o another_o vessel_n or_o tun_n and_o reserve_v 18._o and_o then_o put_v in_o some_o fresh_a water_n into_o the_o earth_n vessel_n as_o before_o let_v it_o stand_v for_o the_o space_n of_o twelve_o hour_n then_o open_v the_o tap-hole_n again_o let_v it_o strain_v into_o the_o vessel_n which_o do_v put_v apart_o into_o another_o vessel_n this_o liquor_n and_o not_o in_o the_o first_o do_v this_o a_o three_o time_n and_o empty_v it_o into_o a_o three_o vessel_n this_o be_v do_v make_v proof_n of_o these_o three_o water_n by_o put_v some_o few_o drop_n on_o your_o tongue_n and_o taste_v it_o you_o shall_v find_v the_o first_o very_a bite_n the_o second_o less_o and_o the_o three_o lest_o of_o all_o for_o the_o first_o draw_v more_o of_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o saltpetre_n than_o the_o second_o and_o the_o second_o than_o the_o three_o but_o there_o may_v be_v the_o four_o operation_n for_o sometime_o the_o earth_n do_v retain_v so_o much_o nitrous_a substance_n therein_o that_o it_o may_v prove_v advantageous_a even_o to_o the_o five_o and_o six_o time_n and_o all_o the_o water_n be_v to_o be_v reserve_v apart_o with_o the_o distillation_n of_o the_o first_o second_o three_o etc._n etc._n as_o many_o as_o there_o shall_v be_v by_o this_o operation_n of_o one_o vessel_n or_o ●un_v may_v be_v apprehend_v the_o manner_n of_o make_v a_o hundred_o or_o as_o many_o as_o you_o please_v according_a to_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o prepare_a earth_n observe_v always_o that_o the_o first_o water_n strain_v be_v put_v in_o one_o vessel_n or_o in_o what_o will_v contain_v they_o and_o all_o the_o

enterprise_n equal_a to_o the_o most_o renown_a action_n of_o the_o best_a prince_n i_o have_v oftentimes_o reflect_v upon_o those_o action_n whereby_o prince_n have_v acquire_v the_o fame_n of_o great_a and_o good_a but_o i_o never_o find_v any_o that_o gain_v either_o of_o those_o eulogy_n by_o any_o knick-knack_n of_o experimental_a or_o mechanical_a philosophy_n alone_o there_o have_v be_v some_o that_o make_v some_o of_o these_o inquiry_n of_o their_o innocent_a divertisement_n &_o by_o do_v all_o those_o action_n which_o gain_v a_o repute_n of_o political_a wisdom_n courage_n justice_n piety_n etc._n etc._n have_v transmit_v a_o honourable_a memory_n of_o themselves_o but_o these_o trangham_n as_o they_o be_v contra-distinct_a to_o sober_a and_o substantial_a virtue_n be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v action_n equal_a to_o t●e_v most_o renown_v enterprise_n of_o the_o best_a prince_n that_o they_o do_v not_o expiate_v for_o other_o their_o fault_n as_o any_o man_n may_v learn_v from_o the_o life_n of_o those_o infortunate_a prince_n dionysius_n and_o nero._n what_o writer_n advance_v the_o repute_n of_o alphonso_n or_o justify_v he_o for_o murder_a and_o oppress_v his_o subject_n and_o lose_v his_o own_o whilst_o he_o keep_v his_o garden_n be_v dio●letian_n more_o famous_a for_o those_o ingenuity_n or_o infamous_a for_o his_o persecution_n of_o the_o christian_n i_o do_v not_o think_v that_o the_o establishment_n of_o this_o society_n have_v all_o thing_n answer_v man_n wish_n and_o outdo_v their_o hope_n will_v have_v be_v mention_v with_o so_o much_o honour_n as_o the_o most_o renown_a action_n of_o the_o best_a prince_n since_o the_o action_n that_o relate_v to_o goodness_n and_o piety_n admit_v of_o no_o comparison_n be_v of_o different_a nature_n and_o kind_n but_o when_o a_o foo●_n as_o here_o a_o virtuoso_fw-la hold_v the_o scale_n i_o shall_v not_o pardon_v myself_o shall_v i_o oppose_v the_o heroicalness_n of_o this_o enterprise_n with_o the_o action_n of_o constantine_n raise_v christianity_n with_o those_o of_o justinian_n or_o theodosius_n in_o compile_v their_o code_o with_o the_o action_n of_o our_o black_a prince_n or_o henry_n the_o five_o or_o with_o henry_n the_o eight_o in_o demolish_n abbey_n and_o reject_v the_o papal_a authority_n or_o queen_n elizabeth_n exploit_n against_o spain_n or_o her_o restore_v the_o protestant_a religion_n put_v the_o bible_n into_o english_a and_o support_v the_o protestant_n beyond_o sea_n flea_n it_o be_v not_o for_o any_o man_n that_o pretend_v to_o be_v a_o aristotelian_a to_o make_v such_o comparison_n much_o less_o to_o to_o infer_v as_o mr._n sprat_n do_v but_o the_o rea●on_n which_o he_o give_v why_o the_o establishment_n of_o the_o royal_a society_n of_o experimentator_n equal_v the_o most_o renown_a action_n of_o the_o best_a prince_n be_v such_o a_o pitiful_a one_o as_o guzman_n de_fw-fr alfarache_fw-la never_o meet_v with_o in_o the_o whole_a extent_n of_o the_o hospital_n of_o fool_n for_o to_o increase_v the_o power_n of_o mankind_n and_o to_o free_v they_o from_o the_o bondage_n of_o error_n be_v great_a glory_n than_o to_o enlarge_v empire_n or_o to_o put_v chain_n on_o the_o neck_n of_o conquer_a nation_n these_o consequence_n be_v twist_v like_o the_o cordage_n of_o o●nus_n the_o god_n of_o sloth_n in_o hell_n which_o be_v fit_a for_o nothing_o but_o to_o fodder_n ass_n with_o if_o our_o historian_n mean_v by_o every_o little_a invention_n to_o increase_v the_o power_n of_o all_o mankind_n as_o a_o enterprise_n of_o such_o renown_n he_o be_v deceive_v this_o glory_n be_v not_o due_a to_o such_o as_o go_v about_o with_o a_o dog_n and_o ●_o hoop_n not_o to_o they_o which_o keep_v dance_a horse_n and_o bear_n not_o to_o the_o practiser_n of_o leger-de-main_a or_o upon_o the_o high_a or_o low_a rope_n not_o to_o every_o mountebank_n and_o his_o man_n andrew_n all_o which_o with_o many_o other_o mechanical_a and_o experimental_a philosopher_n do_v in_o some_o sort_n increase_v the_o power_n of_o mankind_n and_o differ_v no_o more_o from_o some_o of_o the_o virtuoso_n than_o a_o cat_n in_o a_o hole_n do_v from_o a_o cat_n out_o of_o a_o hole_n betwixt_o which_o that_o inquisitive_a person_n as_o dry_a as_o dust_v tossoffacan_a find_v a_o very_a great_a resemblance_n neither_o be_v it_o worth_a the_o while_n to_o go_v about_o to_o dis-abuse_a mankind_n about_o every_o little_a error_n to_o rectify_v every_o vulgar_a mistake_n about_o natural_a phoenomena_fw-la this_o be_v a_o enterprise_n god_n never_o delegated_a any_o man_n unto_o moses_n who_o be_v faithful_a in_o all_o his_o reiglement_n omit_v the_o contrivance_n of_o our_o illustrious_a society_n christ_n and_o his_o apostle_n mention_v it_o not_o but_o be_v content_a by_o ●heir_a language_n to_o countenance_v those_o vulgar_a locution_n the_o refutation_n whereof_o be_v now_o so_o renown_a and_o important_a it_o be_v the_o utility_n of_o invention_n that_o acquire_v a_o value_n to_o they_o it_o be_v not_o the_o increase_n of_o the_o power_n of_o mankind_n by_o the_o project_n of_o a_o diving-bell_n which_o our_o nation_n hold_v equivalent_a to_o the_o end_n of_o a_o war_n at_o the_o first_o battle_n it_o be_v not_o a_o pendulum_n watch_n nor_o spectacle_n where_o divers_a may_v see_v under_o water_n nor_o the_o new_a ingenuity_n of_o apple-roasters_a nor_o every_o petty_a discovery_n or_o instrument_n of_o ingenious_a luxury_n must_v be_v put_v in_o comparison_n much_o less_o be_v prefer_v before_o the_o protection_n and_o enlargement_n of_o empire_n that_o all_o antiquity_n have_v such_o a_o reverence_n for_o the_o author_n of_o natural_a discovery_n as_o to_o bestow_v a_o divine_a sort_n of_o honour_n upon_o they_o that_o the_o god_n be_v worship_v with_o temple_n and_o altar_n be_v those_o that_o instruct_v the_o world_n to_o blow_n to_o sow_v to_o plant_v to_o spin_v to_o build_v house_n and_o to_o find_v out_o new_a country_n this_o be_v a_o tale_n have_v so_o much_o of_o ignorance_n in_o it_o that_o i_o believe_v no_o schoolboy_n ever_o utter_v the_o like_a the_o task_n be_v difficult_a if_o not_o impossible_a to_o state_n the_o several_a distinction_n of_o the_o paynim_n god_n and_o to_o adjust_a unto_o they_o their_o honour_n inventor_n according_a as_o they_o be_v distinguish_v into_o dii_fw-la longentes_fw-la or_o majorum_fw-la gentium_fw-la and_o the_o semidei_a and_o hero_n and_o the_o semones_n it_o be_v true_a that_o among_o the_o principal_a god_n these_o be_v recount_v juno_n vesta_n minerva_n ceres_n diana_n venus_n mercurius_n jovis_fw-la neptunus_n vulcanus_n apollo_n and_o although_o it_o be_v true_a that_o most_o of_o these_o be_v autor_n of_o natural_a discovery_n yet_o it_o be_v first_o observable_a how_o all_o antiquity_n have_v such_o a_o reverence_n for_o they_o that_o be_v eminent_a for_o moral_a virtue_n civil_a prudence_n and_o those_o qualification_n that_o enable_v a_o prince_n to_o govern_v well_o that_o they_o make_v jupiter_n to_o be_v the_o chief_a of_o all_o the_o god_n and_o the_o most_o powerful_a of_o they_o all_o who_o fame_n lie_v in_o the_o art_n of_o government_n in_o his_o govern_v his_o subject_n in_o crete_n with_o due_a admiration_n of_o justice_n in_o preserve_v his_o land_n and_o naval-force_n in_o advance_v of_o commerce_n and_o all_o those_o science_n that_o be_v useful_a in_o a_o society_n they_o make_v jove_n the_o father_n of_o pallas_n and_o mercury_n the_o deity_n of_o artisan_n and_o mechanical_a philosopher_n it_o be_v false_a that_o the_o god_n they_o worship_v with_o temple_n and_o altar_n be_v those_o that_o instruct_v the_o world_n to_o plough_v to_o sow_v etc._n etc._n for_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o all_o these_o honour_n be_v confer_v on_o such_o as_o be_v not_o inventor_n so_o that_o he_o make_v a_o antithesis_fw-la where_o there_o be_v none_o for_o the_o deify_v emperor_n the_o hero_n and_o semidei_a share_v all_o these_o honour_n with_o the_o great_a god_n and_o some_o of_o they_o in_o as_o eminent_a a_o manner_n as_o most_o of_o the_o other_o which_o any_o man_n know_v that_o understand_v what_o veneration_n hercules_n be_v in_o 2._o and_o what_o tenth●_n be_v vow_v to_o he_o and_o what_o priest_n he_o have_v every_o writer_n almost_o tell_v we_o of_o temple_n or_o fane_n call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d erect_v for_o the_o honour_n and_o the_o worship_n of_o the_o hero_n 〈◊〉_d also_o of_o their_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d ●_o of_o their_o sacrifice_n and_o festival_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d he_o be_v not_o deify_v for_o his_o natural_a philosophy_n of_o who_o virgil_n say_v 1._o nempe_fw-la erit_fw-la ille_fw-la mihi_fw-la semper_fw-la deus_fw-la illius_fw-la aram_fw-la saepe_fw-la ●ener_n nostris_fw-la ab_fw-la ovilibus_fw-la imbuet_fw-la agnus_n it_o be_v the_o same_o person_n to_o who_o horace_n relate_v viventi_fw-la tibi_fw-la maturos_fw-la largimur_fw-la honores_fw-la jurandasque_fw-la tuum_fw-la per_fw-la

do_v more_o than_o i_o or_o any_o other_o towards_o the_o determine_v the_o question_n concern_v salt-peter_n whether_o it_o be_v the_o same_o or_o no_o with_o that_o which_o the_o ancient_n use_v and_o call_v nitre_n let_v we_o listen_v to_o our_o vertuoso_fw-la and_o mark_v how_o much_o the_o member_n of_o the_o royal_a society_n surpass_v all_o other_o of_o the_o number_n of_o literati_fw-la if_o say_v he_o i_o can_v have_v get_v any_o egyptian_a nitre_n at_o the_o drugster_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o i_o shall_v have_v be_v able_a to_o have_v put_v a_o end_n to_o that_o question_n by_o a_o demonstration_n that_o be_v by_o turn_v the_o great_a part_n of_o it_o into_o salt-petre_n here_o i_o must_v first_o inform_v our_o experimental_a philosopher_n that_o the_o ancient_n have_v more_o sort_n of_o nitre_n beside_o that_o of_o egypt_n 1●_n as_o the_o armenian_a african_a roman_a babylonian_a and_o macedonian_a and_o as_o to_o that_o of_o egypt_n perhaps_o beside_o that_o fouleness_n which_o be_v likely_a to_o adhere_v unto_o it_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o muddiness_n of_o the_o nile_n there_o may_v be_v so_o much_o of_o common_a salt_n in_o it_o as_o will_v render_v ●hat_n part_n of_o his_o assertion_n ●alse_a wherein_o he_o seem_v not_o to_o doubt_v but_o to_o turn_v the_o great_a part_n of_o it_o into_o salt-petre_n his_o own_o citation_n out_o of_o pliny_n pag._n 263_o evidence_v that_o the_o nitre_n of_o egypt_n be_v the_o wrost_n and_o most_o remote_a from_o our_o salt-petre_n and_o when_o he_o shall_v have_v do_v all_o this_o yet_o will_v his_o demonstration_n be_v ridiculous_a and_o be_v laugh_v at_o by_o every_o young_a sophister_n conver●itur_fw-la i_o shall_v shape_v the_o argument_n for_o he_o by_o which_o the_o question_n be_v to_o be_v decide_v egyptian_a nitre_n may_v be_v turn_v into_o such_o salt-petre_n as_o we_o be_v ergo_fw-la that_o salt-petre_n which_o be_v now_o in_o use_n and_o that_o which_o the_o ancient_n use_v be_v the_o same_o to_o parallel_v this_o argument_n be_v not_o this_o as_o good_a a_o inference_n i_o can_v turn_v sublimate_n into_o mercurius_n currens_fw-la or_o quicksilver_n so_o as_o that_o the_o most_o part_n of_o it_o be_v such_o ergo_fw-la there_o be_v no_o difference_n betwixt_o mercurius_n sublimatus_fw-la and_o quicksilver_n and_o ergo_fw-la whosoever_o make_v use_v of_o crude_a quicksilver_n make_v use_v of_o sublimate_n or_o be_v not_o this_o as_o good_a a_o demonstration_n i_o can_v turn_v the_o great_a part_n of_o salt-water_n into_o fresh_a ergo_fw-la salt-water_n and_o fresh_a be_v the_o same_o and_o they_o that_o drink_v the_o former_a and_o they_o that_o drink_v the_o latter_a use_v one_o and_o the_o same_o drink_n or_o may_v i_o not_o demonstrate_v that_o the_o ancient_n do_v season_v their_o wine_n and_o eat_v that_o which_o our_o workman_n call_v their_o raw_a liquor_n and_o put_v the_o question_n out_o of_o doubt_n thus_o i_o can_v turn_v egyptian_a armenian_n or_o macedonian_a nitre_n into_o salt-petre_n i_o can_v turn_v the_o raw_a liquor_n into_o salt-petre_n ergo_fw-la the_o raw_a liquor_n and_o the_o other_o nitre_n be_v all_o one_o and_o they_o do_v eat_v not_o drink_n this_o raw_a liquor_n i_o be_o so_o well_o please_v with_o these_o kind_n of_o demonstration_n that_o i_o can_v but_o suggest_v more_o of_o they_o viz._n i_o can_v turn_v gunpowder_n the_o great_a part_n of_o it_o into_o salt-petre_n ergo_fw-la gunpowder_n be_v no_o new_a invention_n &_o the_o nitre_n of_o the_o ancient_n &_o our_o gunpowder_n be_v the_o same_o or_o i_o can_v turn_v native_a cinnabar_fw-la even_o far_o the_o great_a part_n 13_o ounce_n of_o sixteen_o into_o run_v mercury_n or_o quicksilver_n ergo_fw-la the_o cinnabar_fw-la and_o mercury_n be_v all_o one_o and_o whosoever_o use_v or_o dig_v up_o the_o one_o do_v in_o specie_fw-la use_n and_o dig_v up_o the_o other_o but_o what_o if_o mr._n henshaw_n have_v light_v upon_o such_o impure_a egyptian_a nitre_n as_o upon_o refine_n have_v yield_v more_o of_o common_a salt_n th●n_v of_o salt-petre_n which_o i_o shall_v show_v to_o be_v possible_a enough_o have_v he_o then_o demonstrate_v the_o point_n or_o will_v it_o not_o have_v be_v make_v evident_a that_o the_o nitre_n of_o the_o ancient_n and_o our_o common_a salt_n have_v be_v all_o one_o and_o that_o when_o they_o use_v the_o one_o they_o use_v indeed_o nay_o in_o specie_fw-la the_o other_o but_o mr._n henshaw_n though_o he_o can_v not_o get_v any_o egyptian_a nitre_n be_v apt_a to_o think_v that_o the_o ancient_n do_v not_o understand_v the_o way_n of_o refine_n their_o nitre_n as_o we_o do_v and_o that_o hence_o arise_v the_o different_a description_n of_o their_o nitre_n and_o our_o salt-petre_n implet_fw-la which_o i_o grant_v to_o be_v true_a but_o yet_o those_o accessionall_a corpuscle_n of_o so_o many_o different_a nature_n participate_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o earth_n common_a salt_n allom_n and_o salt_n armeniack_a and_o god_n know_v what_o else_o make_v a_o very_a great_a difference_n betwixt_o the_o one_o and_o other_o such_o as_o in_o the_o common_a name_n of_o thing_n even_o by_o philosopher_n may_v well_o serve_v to_o rank_v they_o as_o different_a they_o will_v not_o have_v the_o same_o colour_n nor_o the_o same_o taste_n nor_o burn_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n nor_o appear_v in_o the_o same_o figure_n they_o will_v not_o serve_v for_o the_o same_o use_n be_v chemical_o analise_v they_o will_v not_o yield_v the_o same_o constituent_a principle_n in_o fine_a and_o upon_o which_o the_o controversy_n most_o depend_v it_o will_v never_o appear_v that_o they_o be_v both_o make_v the_o same_o way_n so_o that_o mr._n henshaw_n by_o his_o demonstration_n have_v no_o way_n end_v the_o controversy_n to_o show_v his_o ignorance_n a_o little_a more_o i_o will_v have_v he_o to_o know_v that_o the_o ancient_n have_v not_o only_o dark_a colour_a and_o stony_a nitre_n which_o he_o inform_v we_o of_o out_o of_o pliny_n but_o white_a and_o of_o those_o other_o colour_n i_o mention_v out_o of_o hoffman_n and_o he_o out_o of_o galen_n and_o that_o the_o armenian_a and_o african_a nitre_n will_v have_v make_v more_o for_o his_o purpose_n such_o as_o avicenna_n and_o the_o moor_n do_v use_v and_o that_o the_o moor_n do_v either_o refine_v their_o nitre_n or_o nature_n in_o barbary_n be_v kind_a to_o they_o in_o produce_v better_a than_o yet_o we_o receive_v thence_o will_v appear_v from_o the_o account_n of_o nitre_n or_o baurakh_n which_o the_o prince_n give_v nitrum_fw-la probatissimum_fw-la est_fw-la armeniacum_fw-la leave_n crustosum_fw-la friabile_fw-la spongiosum_fw-la plempij_fw-la albo_fw-la aut_fw-la roseo_fw-la aut_fw-la purpureo_fw-la colore_fw-la mordax_fw-la et_fw-la africanum_n quidem_fw-la nitrum_fw-la cum_fw-la caeteris_fw-la nitri_fw-la generibus_fw-la comparatum_fw-la habet_fw-la se_fw-la veluti_fw-la nitrum_fw-la ad_fw-la salem_n non_fw-la estur_fw-la autem_fw-la nitrum_fw-la nisi_fw-la magnam_fw-la gravemque_fw-la ob_fw-la caus●m_fw-la nitri_fw-la spuma_fw-la est_fw-la tenuior_fw-la nitro_n ejusdemque_fw-la est_fw-la potestatis_fw-la laudatissima_fw-la est_fw-la vitrea_fw-la some_o read_v it_o molliuscula_fw-la ac_fw-la fractu_fw-la comminatùque_fw-la perfacilis_fw-la insigniter_fw-la abstergit_fw-la et_fw-la abluit_fw-la praesertim_fw-la africanum_n et_fw-la abradit_fw-la et_fw-la purgat_fw-la crassos_fw-la humores_fw-la incîdit_fw-la atque_fw-la omnibus_fw-la aliis_fw-la nitri_fw-la speciebus_fw-la modica_fw-la inest_fw-la astrictoria_fw-la vis_fw-la simul_fw-la et_fw-la abstersoria●_n levis_fw-la propter_fw-la salsuginem_fw-la quam_fw-la habent_fw-la praeter_fw-la quam_fw-la africano_n hoc_fw-la enim_fw-la nullius_fw-la adstrictionis_fw-la est_fw-la particeps_fw-la sed_fw-la purum_fw-la putam_fw-la abstergens_fw-la est_fw-la et_fw-la validum_fw-la sali_n autem_fw-la adstrictoria_fw-la inest_fw-la potestas_fw-la sed_fw-la abstertorica_fw-la non_fw-la nisi_fw-la levis_fw-la et_fw-la modica_fw-la out_o of_o which_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o african_a nitre_n be_v free_a from_o the_o mixture_n of_o common_a salt_n and_o come_v very_o near_o to_o our_o salt-petre_n especial_o the_o spuma_fw-la nitri_fw-la which_o perhaps_o be_v cristall_n of_o nitre_n in_o resemblance_n and_o operation_n but_o the_o armenian_a nitre_n be_v mix_v with_o common_a salt_n but_o that_o they_o do_v elixiviate_v it_o out_o of_o the_o earth_n i_o do_v not_o find_v in_o the_o end_n of_o this_o page_n he_o tell_v we_o that_o in_o the_o refine_n of_o salt-petre_n there_o be_v beside_o common-salt_n s._n a_o certain_a greasy_a oil_n attend_v it_o which_o do_v by_o nature_n so_o wonderful_o adhere_v to_o every_o part_n of_o the_o petre_n we_o that_o the_o separation_n of_o it_o be_v the_o sole_a cause_n of_o the_o great_a charge_n and_o labour_n that_o be_v require_v to_o the_o refine_n of_o petre._n this_o be_v true_a but_o i_o can_v find_v that_o our_o salt-petre_n man_n do_v call_v that_o oil_n the_o mother_n of_o salt-petre_n but_o quite_o another_o thing_n which_o i_o shall_v explain_v hereafter_o i_o can_v but_o take_v notice_n of_o that_o citation_n

the_o sun_n yet_o here_o fish_n and_o other_o creature_n feed_v and_o plant_n grow_v and_o consequent_o that_o can_v be_v a_o chief_a ingredient_n in_o nutrition_n which_o may_v be_v want_v there_o be_v something_o else_o in_o mr_n he●shaw_n that_o look_v like_o a_o argument_n by_o the_o introduction_n for._n for_o all_o abound_v with_o such_o a_o volatile_a salt_n fix_v and_o oil_n as_o petre_n do_v i_o can_v tell_v how_o to_o form_v this_o argument_n and_o yet_o convince_v the_o world_n that_o i_o do_v not_o injure_v he_o this_o passage_n be_v so_o extreme_o ridiculous_a yet_o i_o will_v endeavour_v it_o if_o it_o be_v but_o to_o show_v the_o logic_n of_o ant_n '_o aristotelian_o and_o how_o much_o we_o owe_v to_o that_o providence_n which_o have_v educate_v we_o better_o than_o to_o argue_v so_o the_o proposition_n he_o aim_v at_o and_o will_v prove_v be_v that_o the_o salt_n which_o be_v in_o vegetable_n and_o animal_n be_v but_o the_o nitre_n which_o be_v universal_o diffuse_v through_o the_o element_n the_o medium_n or_o argument_n by_o which_o he_o will_v prove_v it_o be_v be_v be_v hard_a to_o be_v find_v out_o than_o the_o meaning_n of_o aristotle_n in_o his_o acromaticks_n let_v we_o consider_v it_o again_o that_o which_o i_o aim_v at_o then_o be_v that_o if_o the_o spirit_n of_o the_o volatile_a salt_n of_o soot_n or_o of_o the_o urinal_n blood_n horn_n hoof_n hair_n excrement_n or_o indeed_o any_o part_n of_o animal_n for_o all_o abound_v with_o such_o a_o volatile_a salt_n fix_v and_o oil_n as_o petre_n do_v can_v by_o the_o same_o way_n viz_o as_o the_o redintegrate_v nitre_n be_v reduce_v to_o petre_n or_o some_o nitrous_a salt_n it_o will_v excellent_o make_v out_o a_o theory_n that_o i_o be_o much_o delight_v with_o till_o i_o be_o convince_v in_o it_o which_o be_v that_o the_o salt_n which_o be_v find_v in_o vegetable_n and_o animal_n be_v but_o the_o nitre_n which_o be_v so_o universal_o diffuse_v through_o all_o the_o element_n and_o must_v therefore_o make_v a_o chief_a ingredient_n in_o their_o nutrition_n regard_v and_o by_o consequence_n of_o their_o generation_n a_o little_a alter_v from_o its_o first_o complexion_n here_o be_v the_o spirit_n of_o the_o volatile_a salt_n of_o the_o part_n of_o vegetable_n and_o animal_n to_o be_v coagulate_v and_o transform_v into_o petre_n by_o the_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n here_o be_v a_o volatile_a salt_n fix_v and_o oil_n such_o as_o be_v in_o petre_n mention_v to_o what_o purpose_n here_o be_v a_o salt_n speak_v of_o to_o be_v find_v in_o vegetable_n and_o animal_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o express_v whether_o it_o be_v the_o volatile_a or_o fix_a salt_n yet_o these_o two_o be_v different_a and_o those_o that_o abound_v with_o volatile_a salt_n be_v more_o the_o physic_n than_o the_o food_n of_o man_n well_o i_o have_v spend_v half_o a_o hour_n to_o frame_v a_o sorite_n or_o any_o tolerable_a argument_n out_o of_o these_o word_n but_o i_o can_v do_v it_o but_o i_o will_v adventure_v to_o give_v our_o philosopher_n this_o advice_n that_o they_o will_v take_v our_o english_a word_n for_o into_o their_o serious_a consideration_n and_o abolish_v the_o use_n of_o it_o as_o the_o french_a academy_n at_o paris_n do_v car._n before_o i_o have_v do_v with_o this_o history_n i_o shall_v show_v that_o this_o intimation_n be_v but_o necessary_a for_o they_o to_o proceed_v how_o do_v it_o appear_v that_o salt-petre_n abound_v with_o a_o volatile_a salt_n fix_v and_o oil_n in_o the_o regenerate_v nitre_n which_o glauber_n make_v to_o be_v the_o best_a there_o be_v nothing_o but_o alcali_n and_o the_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n in_o the_o nitre_n which_o be_v generate_v by_o the_o mixture_n of_o the_o spirit_n of_o urinal_n and_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n there_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n in_o the_o distillation_n of_o nitre_n there_o be_v nothing_o but_o spirit_n inseparate_a from_o phlegm_n and_o its_o alcali_n and_o as_o there_o be_v no_o oil_n there_o so_o i_o hope_v he_o will_v not_o have_v we_o take_v the_o alcali_n for_o a_o volatile_a salt_n fix_v in_o the_o make_n of_o salt-petre_n there_o be_v find_v indeed_o something_o that_o seem_v oily_a and_o greasy_a but_o that_o be_v excrementitious_a and_o so_o far_o from_o be_v a_o constitutive_a part_n of_o it_o that_o it_o must_v be_v separate_v from_o it_o as_o mr._n henshaw_n know_v before_o salt-petre_n can_v be_v make_v and_o the_o great_a contrivance_n be_v how_o to_o separate_v it_o so_o glauber_n in_o prosper_n german_n part_n 3._o pag._n 43._o alius_fw-la enim_fw-la pinguedinem_fw-la nimiam_fw-la contrahit_fw-la lixivium_fw-la nec_fw-la ullum_fw-la salgenerabitur_fw-la from_o the_o mention_n of_o this_o oil_n i_o must_v take_v a_o occasion_n to_o tell_v the_o world_n how_o superficial_o our_o virtuoso_fw-la write_v the_o history_n of_o nitre_n i_o can_v suggest_v many_o curiosity_n from_o the_o several_a liquor_n in_o the_o make_n of_o salt-petre_n but_o i_o have_v not_o time_n to_o discourse_v of_o the_o mother_n of_o petre_n not_o how_o that_o grease_n be_v lodge_v in_o the_o ash_n those_o ash_n be_v expose_v to_o the_o sun_n at_o warwick_n do_v in_o one_o or_o two_o day_n produce_v visible_a nitre_n on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o ash_n so_o that_o in_o few_o day_n those_o ash_n become_v fit_a to_o be_v elixiviate_v into_o raw_a liquor_n which_o be_v before_o but_o to_o make_v a_o lixivium_n to_o purge_v the_o liquor_n that_o have_v boil_v i_o shall_v only_o touch_v at_o a_o experiment_n which_o may_v not_o be_v unwelcome_a to_o the_o honourable_a mr._n boyle_n i_o take_v of_o the_o mother_n that_o have_v stand_v long_o and_o be_v exceed_o oily_a i_o pour_v four_o spoonful_n of_o they_o into_o a_o large_a venice-glass_n half_a full_a of_o water_n this_o greasy_a liquor_n sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n instant_o without_o alter_v the_o taste_n or_o colour_n of_o the_o water_n at_o all_o so_o that_o the_o top_n be_v clear_a water_n the_o bottom_n of_o a_o red_a colour_n as_o bilious_a urinal_n only_o on_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n and_o in_o the_o middle_n there_o do_v float_v several_a very_o small_a bubble_n of_o the_o colour_n of_o water_n have_v let_v this_o stand_v a_o day_n i_o take_v a_o solution_n of_o the_o alcali_n of_o salt-petre_n which_o though_o of_o a_o greenish_a blue_a yield_v a_o lympid_a liquor_n upon_o filtration_n and_o pour_v two_o or_o three_o spoonful_n into_o the_o mixture_n of_o mother_n and_o water_n immediate_o the_o whole_a liquor_n turn_v lacteous_a or_o white_a but_o the_o colour_n present_o contract_v itself_o into_o a_o white_a en●orema_fw-la or_o suspensum_fw-la such_o as_o be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o healthful_a urinal_n and_o so_o float_v above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o mother_n the_o next_o morning_n i_o find_v as_o it_o be_v a_o powder_n fall_v to_o the_o bottom_n which_o i_o stir_v up_o to_o the_o top_n whereupon_o the_o whole_a liquor_n up_o to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n be_v turbid_v distance_n i_o let_v it_o stand_v all_o night_n and_o this_o morning_n the_o whole_a liquor_n from_o top_n to_o bottom_n be_v of_o one_o colour_n and_o that_o exact_o of_o a_o limon-colour_n or_o like_o old_a hoccomar-wine_n on_o the_o top_n there_o seem_v to_o float_v thin_a coagulation_n of_o fat_a with_o some_o variety_n of_o colour_n such_o as_o one_o may_v often_o see_v on_o small_a water_n that_o stand_v in_o moorish_a ground_n the_o liquor_n be_v nothing_o ●igh_a so_o acrimonious_a and_o purigent_a as_o the_o mother_n be_v and_o all_o of_o it_o be_v as_o greasy_a as_o the_o mother_n be_v when_o separate_a hang_v on_o the_o finger_n as_o oil_n and_o not_o like_o water_n at_o all_o at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o glass_n there_o lie_v a_o yellow-sediment_n as_o it_o be_v powder_n which_o upon_o agitation_n will_v not_o rise_v of_o itself_o but_o must_v be_v stir_v up_o with_o something_o and_o then_o resemble_v the_o white_a hypostasis_fw-la of_o urinal_n with_o capillary_a filament_n enterveave_v each_o other_o and_o how_o do_v it_o appear_v that_o urinal_n do_v abound_v with_o a_o volatile_a salt_n fix_v and_o oil_n i_o do_v not_o understand_v what_o he_o mean_v by_o his_o volatile_a salt_n fix_v 8._o by_o what_o be_v it_o fix_v to_o what_o degree_n volatile_a salt_n be_v sometime_o so_o fix_v as_o only_o to_o abate_v not_o alter_v the_o volatility_n as_o the_o volatile_a salt_n of_o viper_n in_o zwelfer_n and_o the_o volatile_a salt_n of_o hartshorn_n of_o which_o i_o keep_v some_o with_o rectify_a spirit_n of_o salt_n sometime_o they_o be_v so_o fix_v as_o to_o loose_v the_o nature_n of_o salt_n and_o to_o become_v insipid_a and_o indissoluble_a 234._o as_o when_o volatile_a salt_n be_v mix_v with_o limewater_n there_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o salt_n which_o zwelfer_n call_v salia_n essentialia_fw-la