glass_n be_v break_v i_o expose_v another_o lesser_a tube_n with_o the_o same_o oil_n which_o become_v freeze_v throughout_o and_o require_v very_o much_o relaxation_n in_o the_o air_n to_o return_v to_o its_o former_a fluidity_n i_o have_v set_v a_o mark_n on_o these_o tube_n as_o on_o all_o the_o rest_n to_o observe_v their_o several_a rise_n and_o the_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n when_o coagulate_v sink_v more_o than_o half_a a_o inch_n below_o it_o and_o be_v dissolve_v at_o the_o fire_n return_v to_o its_o first_o station_n as_o you_o also_o see_v and_o this_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v peculiar_a to_o this_o oil_n alone_o all_o other_o liquor_n rise_v high_o than_o the_o mark_n i_o now_o come_v to_o my_o strong_a liquor_n of_o beer_n ale_n and_o wine_n i_o expose_v at_o the_o same_o time_n a_o flask_n of_o small_a beer_n and_o another_o of_o strong_a ale_n the_o former_a whereof_o be_v freeze_v throughout_o in_o 38._o hour_n but_o three_o pint_n of_o the_o ale_n continue_v 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same_o or_o at_o least_o have_v no_o sensible_a difference_n when_o they_o have_v be_v thaw_v of_o themselves_o and_o when_o first_o expose_v hull_n ale_n have_v a_o brackish_a taste_n claret_n very_o strong_a expose_v in_o a_o spoon_n in_o 35._o hour_n hard_o freeze_v become_v a_o ice_n all_o of_o it_o it_o be_v soft_a keep_v its_o former_a colour_n and_o taste_v soon_o discover_v to_o the_o tongue_n of_o one_o who_o know_v not_o whence_o it_o be_v its_o nature_n quality_n and_o kind_n canary_n at_o the_o same_o time_n in_o a_o spoon_n expose_v in_o 38._o hour_n acquire_v on_o its_o surface_n a_o exceed_o thin_a plate_n of_o ice_n as_o thin_a as_o the_o fine_a paper_n and_o proceed_v no_o far_o in_o four_o day_n follow_v neither_o claret_n nor_o canary_n will_v show_v the_o least_o sign_n of_o congelation_n in_o tube_n much_o less_o in_o bottle_n two_o ounce_n of_o the_o best_a spirit_n of_o wine_n expose_v in_o a_o earthen_a pan_n do_v all_o evaporate_v in_o less_o than_o 12._o hour_n but_o the_o same_o quantity_n of_o brandee_n leave_v near_o a_o spoonful_n of_o insipid_a ice_n without_o any_o taste_n of_o the_o spirit_n which_o cast_v into_o the_o fire_n flame_v not_o at_o all_o i_o can_v discern_v no_o bubble_n in_o this_o phlegmatic_a ice_n but_o have_v 〈◊〉_d it_o betwixt_o my_o eye_n and_o a_o candle_n it_o manifest_v many_o bubble_n by_o its_o shadow_n quaere_fw-la whether_o this_o may_v not_o turn_v to_o profit_v in_o cold_a country_n in_o rectify_v spirit_n of_o wine_n we_o now_o come_v to_o consistent_a body_n and_o shall_v begin_v with_o animal_n and_o their_o part_n two_o eye_n the_o one_o of_o a_o ox_n the_o other_o of_o a_o sheep_n in_o one_o night_n be_v both_o total_o freeze_v the_o three_o humour_n very_o hard_o not_o separable_a one_o from_o another_o neither_o of_o they_o diaphanous_a as_o natural_o they_o be_v and_o the_o crystalline_a be_v as_o white_a as_o that_o of_o a_o whiting_n boil_v the_o tunicle_n fat_a and_o muscle_n be_v also_o freeze_v as_o appear_v by_o their_o stifness_n and_o by_o put_v they_o into_o cold_a water_n the_o ice_n of_o the_o waterish_a and_o glassy_a humour_n seem_v to_o be_v make_v of_o flake_n a_o pint_n of_o sheep_n blood_n do_v freeze_v at_o the_o top_n and_o all_o the_o side_n of_o the_o dish_n wherein_o it_o be_v put_v and_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o serum_fw-la of_o the_o blood_n this_o ice_n be_v separate_v from_o the_o blood_n and_o thaw_v at_o the_o fire_n and_o then_o again_o expose_v congeal_v into_o a_o seem_a membranous_a substance_n and_o be_v take_v for_o such_o by_o some_o that_o see_v it_o and_o so_o continue_v in_o a_o warm_a season_n and_o appear_v in_o all_o respect_v a_o membrane_n this_o also_o be_v see_v and_o register_v in_o the_o journal_n the_o blood_n remain_v give_v i_o no_o sign_n that_o frost_n have_v take_v it_o i_o dissect_v a_o dog_n and_o a_o cat_n have_v lie_v dead_a in_o the_o open_a air_n and_o find_v their_o entrail_n nay_o the_o very_a heart_n stiff_a and_o some_o little_a ice_n in_o the_o ventricles_n of_o their_o heart_n and_o their_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la milk_n soon_o freeze_v into_o most_o white_a flake_n of_o ice_n retain_v the_o proper_a taste_n of_o milk_n these_o flake_n be_v soft_a and_o manifest_a not_o many_o bubble_n several_a egg_n be_v expose_v and_o both_o yolk_n and_o white_a in_o one_o night_n be_v hard_o freeze_v they_o require_v a_o long_a time_n to_o freeze_v then_o apple_n do_v the_o best_a way_n to_o thaw_v they_o both_o be_v to_o lay_v they_o on_o newcastle-coal_n or_o in_o a_o deep_a cellar_n whether_o egg_n once_o freeze_v will_v produce_v chicken_n or_o no_o i_o can_v say_v but_o have_v be_v tell_v by_o good_a housewife_n they_o will_n some_o affirm_v that_o egg_n and_o apple_n put_v into_o water_n the_o ice_n will_v be_v thaw_v within_o they_o and_o the_o ice_n appear_v on_o the_o shell_n and_o skin_n it_o be_v true_a if_o you_o hold_v either_o of_o they_o near_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n they_o will_v soon_o gather_v a_o very_a thick_a crust_n upon_o their_o outside_n but_o if_o you_o then_o break_v the_o one_o or_o cut_v the_o other_o you_o shall_v see_v they_o full_a of_o ice_n and_o the_o egg_n then_o poch_v will_v taste_v very_o tough_a so_o that_o this_o ice_n seem_v to_o be_v gather_v from_o without_o and_o not_o to_o come_v from_o within_o and_o beside_o if_o it_o do_v so_o they_o must_v needs_o lose_v their_o weight_n the_o contrary_a whereof_o will_v anon_o appear_v but_o for_o the_o more_o surety_n i_o proceed_v to_o this_o far_a experiment_n i_o immerse_v in_o my_o cistern_n a_o egg_n and_o a_o apple_n two_o foot_n deep_a into_o water_n and_o there_o suspend_v they_o with_o string_n tie_v about_o they_o to_o keep_v they_o from_o sink_v for_o the_o space_n of_o 24._o hour_n and_o then_o take_v they_o out_o and_o open_v they_o i_o can_v never_o observe_v in_o that_o time_n though_o i_o often_o look_v at_o they_o any_o ice_n on_o their_o outside_n and_o the_o one_o be_v break_v and_o the_o other_o cut_v be_v find_v both_o of_o they_o full_o within_o of_o ice_n the_o next_o order_n shall_v be_v vegetable_n and_o of_o they_o a_o 〈◊〉_d instance_n 〈◊〉_d of_o those_o which_o be_v of_o a_o bite_a or_o sour_a taste_n now_o for_o the_o first_o i_o employ_v the_o root_n of_o horse-raddish_n and_o onion_n for_o other_o edible_a root_n and_o plant_v every_o one_o know_v will_v freeze_v which_o 〈◊〉_d the_o frost_n have_v take_v they_o by_o their_o taste_n and_o ice_n be_v find_v betwixt_o each_o of_o the_o skin_n of_o the_o onion_n 〈◊〉_d the_o taste_n of_o the_o root_n yet_o i_o have_v observe_v beer_n wherein_o
consequent_o do_v the_o former_a and_o thereby_o spoil_v the_o experiment_n before_o it_o be_v come_v to_o perfection_n or_o have_v let_v we_o see_v what_o nature_n will_v have_v do_v if_o she_o have_v not_o be_v thus_o hinder_v in_o her_o work_n 7._o the_o consideration_n of_o this_o invite_v i_o to_o alter_v the_o common_a way_n of_o freeze_a and_o order_v the_o matter_n so_o that_o whensoever_o i_o please_v the_o expose_v liquor_n shall_v not_o begin_v to_o freeze_v at_o the_o top_n or_o side_n but_o at_o the_o bottom_n which_o i_o conclude_v it_o very_o easy_a to_o do_v by_o mingle_v the_o salt_n with_o that_o part_n only_o of_o the_o snow_n which_o be_v to_o lie_v beneath_o and_o about_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o glass_n i_o place_v in_o it_o for_o by_o this_o mean_v the_o snow_n that_o be_v contiguous_a to_o the_o side_n be_v able_a but_o to_o cool_v the_o water_n and_o dispose_v it_o to_o glaciation_n whereas_o the_o mingle_a snow_n and_o salt_n on_o which_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o glass_n rest_v do_v actual_o turn_v the_o neighbour_a liquor_n into_o ice_n and_o lift_v up_o the_o incumbent_a liquor_n towards_o the_o high_a and_o empty_a part_n of_o the_o glass_n and_o this_o liquor_n also_o i_o can_v afterward_o freeze_v at_o pleasure_n without_o danger_n of_o break_v the_o vessel_n only_o by_o so_o apply_v salt_n and_o snow_n to_o the_o side_n of_o the_o glass_n that_o they_o never_o reach_v except_o perhaps_o at_o the_o very_a conclusion_n of_o the_o experiment_n so_o high_a by_o a_o reasonable_a distance_n as_o the_o upper_a surface_n of_o the_o liquor_n in_o the_o glass_n so_o that_o the_o superior_a part_n of_o that_o liquor_n be_v always_o keep_v fluid_a and_o capable_a of_o be_v easy_o impel_v high_a and_o high_a by_o the_o expansion_n of_o the_o freeze_a part_n of_o the_o subjacent_a liquor_n 8._o the_o speculative_a inference_n that_o may_v be_v draw_v from_o this_o experiment_n of_o make_v water_n begin_v to_o freeze_v at_o the_o bottom_n not_o the_o top_n will_v be_v more_o frigidum_fw-la proper_o take_v notice_n of_o in_o another_o place_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n i_o shall_v only_o intimate_v by_o the_o way_n that_o there_o be_v no_o great_a necessity_n of_o any_o nice_a proportion_n of_o salt_n to_o snow_n nor_o of_o any_o exquisite_a mixture_n of_o they_o a_o three_o or_o four_o part_n or_o thereabouts_o of_o sea_n salt_n in_o reference_n to_o the_o snow_n will_v not_o do_v amiss_o nor_o do_v i_o usual_o put_v salt_n to_o all_o the_o snow_n at_o once_o unless_o in_o some_o case_n wherein_o i_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o freeze_v a_o liquor_n quick_o and_o make_v a_o speedy_a resolution_n of_o the_o snow_n and_o salt_n in_o order_n thereunto_o to_o which_o i_o shall_v only_o add_v that_o by_o the_o way_n above_o mention_v i_o do_v upon_o particular_a occasion_n make_v the_o expose_v liquor_n freeze_v not_o at_o the_o bottom_n or_o the_o top_n but_o next_o to_o what_o side_n of_o the_o glass_n i_o please_v according_a to_o the_o exigency_n of_o the_o experiment_n but_o though_o it_o may_v suffice_v to_o have_v hint_v the_o speculative_a inference_n that_o may_v be_v draw_v from_o this_o way_n of_o freeze_a liquor_n it_o will_v be_v expedient_a to_o give_v explicit_o this_o practical_a advertisement_n concern_v it_o that_o whereas_o it_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v take_v for_o grant_v that_o snow_n be_v necessary_a in_o this_o artifice_n and_o we_o ourselves_o be_v for_o some_o time_n lead_v away_o with_o the_o rest_n by_o that_o supposition_n yet_o that_o be_v but_o a_o presumption_n and_o aught_o to_o be_v remove_v as_o one_o very_o prejudicial_a to_o those_o that_o with_o we_o design_v the_o prosecute_a experiment_n in_o order_n to_o the_o history_n of_o cold._n for_o snow_n be_v but_o seldom_o to_o be_v find_v on_o the_o ground_n in_o comparison_n of_o ice_n and_o be_v but_o a_o congery_n of_o many_o small_a icesicles_n with_o much_o air_n intercept_v among_o they_o it_o be_v not_o 〈◊〉_d paribus_fw-la near_o so_o durable_a as_o the_o more_o entire_a body_n of_o solid_a ice_n and_o yet_o we_o have_v find_v by_o frequent_a experience_n that_o ice_n well_o beat_v in_o a_o mortar_n will_v serve_v our_o turn_n for_o artificial_a glaciation_n as_o well_o if_o not_o in_o some_o respect_v better_a as_o snow_n and_o therefore_o in_o this_o history_n of_o cold_a we_o indifferent_o prescribe_v snow_n and_o salt_n or_o salt_n and_o ice_n as_o the_o ingredient_n of_o our_o glaciate_a mixture_n title_n vi_o experiment_n and_o observation_n touch_v the_o preservation_n and_o destruction_n of_o egg_n apple_n and_o other_o body_n by_o cold._n 1._o it_o be_v a_o tradition_n common_a enough_o though_o not_o here_o in_o england_n yet_o among_o those_o that_o have_v give_v we_o account_n of_o very_o cold_a 〈◊〉_d that_o if_o egg_n or_o apple_n be_v freeze_v be_v thaw_v near_o the_o fire_n they_o will_v be_v thereby_o spoil_v but_o if_o they_o be_v immerse_v in_o cold_a water_n the_o internal_a cold_n will_v be_v draw_v out_o as_o they_o suppose_v by_o the_o external_a and_o the_o freeze_a body_n will_v be_v harmlef_o though_o not_o so_o quick_o thaw_v this_o tradition_n i_o think_v fit_a to_o examine_v not_o only_o because_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v whether_o it_o will_v succeed_v in_o our_o more_o temperate_a climate_n and_o because_o i_o love_v not_o to_o rely_v upon_o tradition_n when_o i_o have_v the_o opportunity_n to_o examine_v they_o especial_o if_o no_o one_o credible_a author_n affirm_v they_o upon_o his_o particular_a knowledge_n but_o also_o because_o i_o think_v the_o experiment_n if_o true_a may_v be_v so_o vary_v and_o make_v use_n of_o as_o to_o become_v luciferous_a enough_o and_o afford_v we_o divers_a phaenomena_n of_o cold_a not_o so_o easy_a to_o be_v produce_v by_o the_o more_o know_v way_n of_o experiment_v and_o according_o have_v expose_v some_o of_o these_o body_n to_o a_o cold_a that_o be_v judge_v sharp_a enough_o we_o afterward_o put_v they_o in_o water_n but_o find_v not_o the_o event_n answer_v our_o expectation_n no_o ice_n appear_v to_o be_v generate_v nevertheless_o we_o be_v not_o hereby_o so_o discourage_v as_o not_o to_o repeat_v the_o experiment_n which_o we_o judge_v to_o be_v not_o unlikely_a with_o more_o sollicitousness_n and_o advantage_n then_o before_o and_o have_v thereby_o bring_v it_o to_o succeed_v we_o afterward_o make_v several_a trial_n of_o it_o with_o several_a distinct_a aim_n but_o 〈◊〉_d now_o find_v any_o entry_n of_o divers_a of_o they_o but_o those_o i_o have_v hitherto_o meet_v with_o among_o my_o note_n i_o shall_v subjoin_v as_o have_v in_o they_o some_o particular_n that_o may_v afford_v useful_a hint_n to_o a_o enquirer_n into_o the_o history_n and_o nature_n of_o cold._n and_o i_o shall_v set_v down_o together_o and_o that_o in_o this_o place_n though_o it_o will_v not_o otherwise_o be_v the_o most_o proper_a those_o i_o have_v meet_v with_o because_o some_o circumstance_n of_o one_o or_o 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another_o treatise_n to_o which_o such_o matter_n more_o proper_o belong_v it_o be_v know_v that_o the_o school_n define_v cold_a by_o the_o property_n they_o ascribe_v to_o it_o of_o congregate_a both_o heterogeneous_a and_o homogeneous_a thing_n i_o think_v it_o not_o amiss_o to_o attempt_v the_o make_v some_o separation_n in_o body_n by_o the_o force_n of_o cold._a for_o if_o that_o hold_v true_a in_o this_o climate_n which_o have_v be_v observe_v by_o traveller_n and_o navigator_n in_o northern_a region_n that_o man_n may_v obtain_v from_o beer_n and_o wine_n a_o very_a strong_a spirit_n and_o a_o phlegm_n by_o congelation_n it_o seem_v probable_a that_o in_o divers_a other_o liquor_n the_o waterish_a part_n will_v begin_v to_o freeze_v before_o the_o more_o spirituous_a and_o saline_a and_o if_o so_o we_o may_v be_v assist_v to_o make_v divers_a separation_n as_o well_o by_o cold_a as_o by_o heat_n and_o dephlegme_n if_o i_o may_v so_o speak_v some_o liquor_n as_o well_o by_o congelation_n as_o by_o distillation_n but_o i_o doubt_v whether_o the_o ordinary_a frost_n of_o this_o country_n can_v produce_v a_o degree_n of_o cold_a great_a enough_o to_o make_v such_o division_n and_o separation_n in_o body_n as_o have_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o more_o northern_a climate_n for_o though_o have_v purposely_o hang_v out_o a_o glass-bottle_n with_o a_o quart_n of_o beer_n in_o it_o in_o a_o extraordinary_o sharp_a night_n i_o find_v the_o next_o morning_n that_o much_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o beer_n be_v turn_v into_o ice_n there_o remain_v somewhat_o near_o the_o middle_n but_o near_o the_o bottom_n a_o uncongealed_a liquor_n which_o to_o i_o and_o other_o seem_v strong_a than_o the_o beer_n and_o be_v at_o least_o manifest_o strong_a than_o the_o thaw_a ice_n which_o make_v but_o a_o spiritless_a and_o as_o it_o be_v but_o a_o dead_a drink_n yet_o in_o some_o other_o trial_n my_o success_n be_v not_o so_o considerable_a as_o some_o will_v have_v expect_v 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part_n from_o the_o rest_n will_v or_o will_v not_o succeed_v and_o i_o remember_v that_o a_o large_a glass_n vessel_n wherein_o spirit_n of_o vinegar_n be_v expose_v to_o the_o cold_a a_o considerable_a part_n be_v turn_v into_o ice_n who_o swim_v argue_v it_o to_o be_v light_a than_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o liquor_n but_o though_o i_o put_v some_o of_o this_o ice_n in_o a_o glass_n by_o itself_o to_o examine_v by_o its_o weight_n and_o taste_n when_o thaw_v how_o much_o it_o differ_v from_o the_o uncongealed_a part_n of_o the_o spirit_n my_o hope_n be_v disappoint_v by_o a_o misfortune_n which_o be_v not_o repair_v by_o my_o expose_v afterward_o a_o small_a quantity_n of_o spirit_n of_o vinegar_n to_o the_o nocturnal_a air_n for_o that_o prove_v so_o cold_a that_o the_o whole_a be_v turn_v into_o ice_n wherefore_o i_o must_v reserve_v for_o another_o opportunity_n the_o prosecute_a that_o experiment_n as_o also_o the_o try_v whether_o a_o separation_n of_o the_o serous_a or_o the_o 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to_o discourse_v with_o about_o this_o matter_n who_o affirm_v to_o i_o that_o sail_v along_o the_o coast_n of_o germany_n he_o have_v take_v out_o of_o the_o sea_n ice_n that_o be_v thaw_v he_o find_v to_o afford_v good_a fresh_a water_n i_o begin_v to_o consider_v whether_o we_o may_v not_o by_o cold_a free_a salt_n water_n at_o some_o season_n of_o the_o year_n from_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o the_o phlegm_n which_o it_o be_v wont_a to_o cost_v much_o to_o free_v they_o from_o by_o fire_n and_o other_o mean_n for_o a_o little_a help_n towards_o the_o diminution_n of_o the_o fresh_a water_n be_v look_v upon_o as_o so_o useful_a a_o experiment_n by_o many_o that_o boil_v salt_n out_o of_o the_o salt_n spring_v that_o in_o some_o country_n that_o be_v think_v the_o skilful_a in_o that_o trade_n they_o make_v their_o salt-water_n fall_v upon_o great_a bundle_n of_o small_a brush-wood_n that_o be_v thereby_o divide_v and_o reduce_v to_o a_o far_o great_a superficies_n there_o may_v in_o 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i_o mean_v the_o heat_n of_o quicklime_n in_o cold_a water_n i_o confess_v i_o can_v but_o admire_v the_o laziness_n and_o credulity_n of_o mankind_n which_o have_v so_o long_o and_o general_o acquiesce_v in_o what_o they_o may_v so_o easy_o have_v find_v to_o be_v false_a this_o i_o say_v because_o i_o be_v possible_o the_o first_o that_o have_v have_v both_o the_o curiosity_n and_o boldness_n to_o examine_v so_o general_a and_o constant_a a_o tradition_n yet_o i_o doubt_v not_o that_o you_o will_v soon_o be_v bring_v to_o take_v it_o as_o well_o as_o i_o for_o as_o great_a as_o popular_a a_o error_n for_o to_o let_v you_o manifest_o see_v how_o little_a the_o incalescence_n of_o the_o quicklime_n need_v be_v allow_v to_o proceed_v from_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la water_n if_o instead_o of_o cold_a water_n you_o quench_v it_o with_o hot_a water_n the_o ebullition_n of_o the_o liquor_n will_v not_o only_o be_v as_o great_a as_o if_o the_o water_n be_v cold_a but_o 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from_o the_o coldness_n of_o that_o liquor_n i_o cause_v a_o parcel_n of_o good_a lime_n to_o be_v beat_v small_a and_o put_v one_o part_n of_o it_o into_o a_o glass_n vessel_n i_o drench_v it_o plentiful_o with_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n more_o than_o it_o will_v imbibe_n and_o the_o other_o portion_n of_o the_o lime_n i_o likewise_o drench_v with_o common_a water_n both_o these_o liquor_n have_v stand_v in_o the_o same_o room_n that_o they_o may_v be_v reduce_v by_o the_o same_o ambient_fw-la air_n to_o a_o like_a degree_n of_o coldness_n the_o event_n of_o this_o trial_n be_v what_o i_o look_v for_o that_o the_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n notwithstanding_o its_o actual_a coldness_n and_o the_o great_a subtlety_n and_o piercingness_n of_o part_n which_o it_o have_v in_o common_a with_o other_o chemical_a oil_n be_v of_o a_o incongruous_a texture_n seem_v not_o to_o make_v any_o dissolution_n of_o the_o powder_a lime_n and_o do_v not_o for_o several_a hour_n that_o i_o keep_v it_o produce_v that_o i_o perceive_v any_o sensible_a heat_n in_o the_o lime_n whereas_o to_o show_v that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o fault_n of_o the_o lime_n that_o part_n of_o it_o on_o which_o common_a water_n have_v be_v pour_v do_v after_o a_o little_a while_n conceive_v so_o strong_a a_o heat_n that_o it_o break_v a_o large_a openmouth'd-glass_n into_o who_o bottom_n it_o be_v put_v and_o not_o only_o grow_v so_o hot_a that_o i_o can_v not_o endure_v to_o hold_v it_o in_o my_o hand_n but_o send_v out_o at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o glass_n though_o that_o be_v considerable_o distant_a from_o the_o lime_n a_o copious_a white_a fume_n so_o hot_a that_o i_o can_v not_o well_o suffer_v the_o hold_n of_o my_o hand_n over_o it_o and_o to_o prevent_v a_o possible_a though_o invalid_a objection_n which_o i_o foresee_v may_v be_v draw_v against_o the_o experiment_n make_v with_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n from_o the_o oleaginous_a nature_n of_o that_o liquor_n i_o cover_v a_o piece_n of_o the_o same_o sort_n of_o quicklime_n i_o have_v be_v speak_v of_o with_o high_o rectify_a spirit_n of_o wine_n but_o though_o i_o leave_v they_o together_o all_o night_n yet_o i_o perceive_v not_o that_o the_o liquor_n have_v at_o all_o slack_v the_o lime_n which_o continue_v in_o a_o entire_a lump_n till_o upon_o the_o substitute_n of_o common_a water_n it_o do_v as_o i_o remember_v quick_o appear_v to_o be_v slack_v since_o it_o fall_v asunder_o into_o a_o kind_n of_o minute_n white_a powder_n which_o be_v bate_v the_o colour_n almost_o like_o mud_n and_o will_v easy_o by_o a_o little_a shake_n be_v disperse_v like_v it_o through_o the_o water_n 15._o eleutherius_fw-la i_o ingenious_o confess_v to_o you_o carneades_n that_o what_o you_o say_v surprise_v i_o for_o i_o think_v it_o superfluous_a to_o try_v myself_o so_o acknowledge_v a_o experiment_n be_v not_o able_a to_o imagine_v that_o so_o many_o learned_a man_n for_o so_o many_o age_n shall_v so_o unanimous_o and_o confident_o deliver_v a_o matter_n of_o fact_n of_o which_o if_o it_o be_v not_o true_a the_o falsity_n can_v be_v so_o easy_o discover_v 16._o carneades_n for_o my_o part_n eleutherius_fw-la i_o confess_v i_o be_o wont_a to_o doubt_v of_o what_o they_o teach_v that_o seldom_o or_o never_o doubt_v and_o i_o hope_v you_o will_v forgive_v i_o if_o have_v find_v a_o assertion_n so_o general_a and_o uncontrolled_a of_o a_o falsity_n so_o easy_a to_o be_v disprove_v i_o be_v inclinable_a to_o suspect_v the_o truth_n of_o their_o other_o inferior_a tradition_n about_o antiperistasis_n and_o of_o these_o i_o will_v mention_v the_o two_o chief_a i_o have_v meet_v with_o among_o the_o modern_n for_o be_v contrive_v experiment_n i_o presume_v you_o will_v easy_o believe_v they_o come_v not_o from_o aristotle_n nor_o the_o ancient_a schoolman_n that_o comment_v upon_o he_o 17._o the_o first_o of_o these_o be_v the_o freeze_a a_o pot_n to_o a_o joynt-stool_n by_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n by_o the_o fire_n side_n in_o which_o case_n it_o be_v pretend_v that_o the_o fire_n do_v so_o intend_v the_o cold_a as_o to_o enable_v it_o to_o congeal_v the_o water_n that_o stagnate_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o stool_n betwixt_o that_o and_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o pot._n but_o how_o little_a need_n there_o be_v of_o antiperistasis_n in_o this_o experiment_n you_o may_v guess_v by_o this_o that_o i_o have_v purposely_o make_v it_o with_o good_a success_n in_o a_o place_n in_o which_o there_o neither_o be_v nor_o ever_o probable_o have_v be_v a_o fire_n the_o room_n be_v destitute_a of_o a_o chimney_n and_o this_o trial_n of_o i_o i_o can_v confirm_v by_o divers_a other_o experiment_n of_o the_o like_a nature_n but_o that_o this_o one_o be_v sufficient_a 18._o i_o proceed_v therefore_o to_o the_o other_o experiment_n which_o be_v deliver_v by_o very_o learned_a man_n and_o for_o who_o i_o have_v a_o great_a respect_n according_a to_o these_o if_o you_o take_v a_o somewhat_o 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limbeck_n may_v not_o during_o a_o good_a part_n of_o the_o year_n be_v of_o some_o use_n to_o we_o in_o make_v and_o judge_v of_o weather-glass_n for_o this_o liquor_n as_o we_o 〈◊〉_d also_o note_n have_v the_o peculiarity_n of_o lose_v its_o fluidity_n during_o almost_o all_o the_o winter_n and_o a_o good_a part_n of_o the_o spring_n and_o autumn_n too_o when_o the_o wether_n water_n or_o the_o time_n of_o the_o day_n be_v cold_a this_o liquor_n i_o say_v be_v such_o in_o case_n you_o very_o gentle_o thaw_v it_o and_o then_o put_v into_o it_o the_o ball_n of_o a_o weatherglass_n furnish_v with_o spirit_n of_o wine_n that_o will_v burn_v all_o away_o you_o suffer_v the_o oil_n to_o re-congeal_a leisurely_o of_o itself_o you_o may_v by_o observe_v the_o station_n of_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n in_o the_o thermoscope_n when_o the_o oil_n begin_v manifest_o to_o curdle_n about_o it_o be_v in_o some_o measure_n assist_v to_o make_v another_o weatherglass_n like_o it_o for_o if_o you_o 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which_o may_v be_v avoid_v but_o be_v not_o for_o man_n be_v not_o wont_a to_o take_v care_n that_o the_o stem_n be_v even_o and_o cylindrical_a enough_o but_o be_v wont_n to_o make_v use_n of_o such_o as_o be_v much_o wide_a at_o the_o upper_a part_n near_o the_o bubble_n than_o otherwhere_o nor_o do_v they_o observe_v as_o they_o may_v a_o proportion_n betwixt_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o boar_n of_o the_o cylinder_n and_o that_o of_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o spherical_a bubble_n and_o divers_a other_o circumstance_n be_v common_o neglect_v which_o if_o well_o order_v will_v make_v much_o towards_o the_o certainty_n and_o instructiveness_n of_o the_o information_n afford_v we_o by_o weather-glass_n to_o which_o may_v be_v add_v that_o even_o in_o those_o where_o some_o part_n of_o the_o liquor_n be_v expose_v to_o the_o external_a air_n there_o may_v be_v make_v contrivance_n much_o more_o convenient_a in_o order_n at_o least_o to_o some_o particular_a purpose_n then_o that_o of_o the_o vulgar_a weatherglass_n some_o of_o which_o we_o have_v employ_v and_o other_o have_v be_v either_o skilful_o devise_v or_o also_o happy_o attempt_v by_o some_o eminent_o ingenious_a goddard_n member_n of_o the_o royal_a society_n and_o though_o that_o which_o we_o have_v already_o hook_n describe_v in_o another_o treatise_n be_v very_o simple_a yet_o it_o be_v much_o more_o commodious_a for_o several_a of_o the_o follow_a experiment_n of_o cold_a then_o that_o which_o be_v common_o in_o use_n for_o in_o this_o where_o the_o include_v air_n be_v as_o it_o be_v pendulous_a at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o glass_n it_o be_v very_o troublesome_a and_o difficult_a so_o to_o apply_v cold_a body_n and_o especial_o liquid_a one_o to_o it_o as_o therewith_o to_o measure_v their_o temper_n whereas_o the_o thermometer_n i_o speak_v of_o be_v make_v by_o the_o insertion_n of_o a_o cylindrical_a pipe_n of_o glass_n open_a at_o both_o end_n into_o a_o viol_n or_o bottle_n and_o by_o exact_o stop_v with_o seal_v wax_n or_o very_o close_o cement_v the_o mouth_n of_o the_o viol_n that_o the_o include_v air_n may_v have_v no_o communication_n with_o the_o external_n but_o by_o the_o new_o mention_v pipe_n in_o this_o kind_n of_o instrument_n i_o say_v by_o choose_v a_o viol_n as_o large_a as_o you_o please_v and_o fit_v it_o with_o a_o cylynder_n slender_a enough_o the_o proportion_n between_o the_o part_n of_o the_o viol_n possess_v by_o include_v air_n and_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o cylinder_n in_o which_o the_o liquor_n be_v to_o play_v up_o and_o down_o may_v be_v easy_o make_v so_o great_a as_o to_o make_v the_o liquor_n in_o this_o instrument_n with_o the_o same_o degree_n of_o heat_n or_o cold_a rise_v or_o fall_v four_o or_o five_o or_o more_o time_n as_o much_o as_o the_o pendulous_a liquor_n be_v wont_a to_o do_v in_o a_o ordinary_a weatherglass_n where_o the_o cavity_n that_o lodge_v the_o air_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v much_o too_o small_a consider_v the_o bigness_n of_o the_o pipe_n whereinto_o the_o air_n must_v when_o it_o be_v rarify_v expand_v itself_o but_o it_o be_v not_o the_o great_a sensibility_n if_o i_o may_v so_o speak_v of_o this_o very_a kind_n of_o weather-glass_n nor_o their_o not_o need_v frame_n that_o make_v i_o take_v notice_n of_o they_o in_o this_o place_n where_o i_o purposely_o pass_v by_o contrivance_n that_o i_o know_v to_o be_v more_o curious_a but_o this_o other_o quality_n which_o make_v they_o fit_a for_o divers_a of_o the_o follow_a experiment_n wherein_o we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o mention_v they_o namely_o that_o with_o little_a or_o no_o trouble_n and_o inconvenience_n we_o may_v employ_v liquor_n or_o other_o body_n to_o refrigerate_v the_o include_v air_n by_o immerse_v the_o viol_n if_o need_v be_v by_o a_o weight_n into_o the_o liquor_n to_o be_v examine_v and_o let_v it_o stand_v there_o as_o long_o as_o we_o please_v and_o so_o we_o may_v also_o measure_v the_o coldness_n of_o earth_n snow_n powder_a ice_n and_o other_o consistent_a body_n which_o may_v be_v heap_v about_o the_o viol_n or_o in_o which_o it_o may_v be_v bury_v iii_o i_o consider_v too_o that_o though_o man_n be_v wont_n confident_o enough_o to_o conclude_v that_o in_o case_n for_o instance_n the_o coldness_n of_o the_o weather_n make_v the_o liquor_n in_o a_o thermoscope_n yesterday_o a_o inch_n high_o than_o it_o be_v the_o day_n before_o and_o this_o day_n a_o inch_n high_o than_o it_o be_v yesterday_o the_o air_n must_v be_v this_o day_n as_o cold_a again_o as_o it_o be_v yesterday_o or_o at_o least_o that_o the_o increase_n of_o cold_a must_v be_v double_a to_o what_o it_o be_v yesterday_o and_o so_o in_o other_o proportion_n yet_o the_o validity_n of_o this_o collection_n may_v very_o just_o be_v question_v for_o though_o we_o shall_v grant_v that_o cold_a be_v that_o which_o of_o itself_o or_o by_o its_o own_o power_n contract_v the_o air_n yet_o how_o do_v it_o appear_v that_o a_o double_a degree_n of_o cold_a must_v produce_v a_o double_a degree_n of_o condensation_n in_o the_o air_n and_o not_o either_o more_o or_o less_o since_o beside_o that_o it_o be_v take_v for_o grant_v but_o not_o prove_v that_o the_o differ_a quantity_n of_o include_v air_n in_o several_a instrument_n and_o the_o differ_a bigness_n of_o the_o pipe_n and_o the_o differ_a degree_n of_o expansion_n wherein_o the_o include_v air_n may_v happen_v to_o be_v when_o the_o ascension_n of_o the_o water_n begin_v to_o be_v reckon_v may_v render_v this_o hypothesis_n very_o suspicious_a beside_o all_o this_o i_o say_v i_o be_o not_o incline_v to_o grant_v what_o philosopher_n have_v hitherto_o suppose_v that_o the_o condensation_n of_o the_o air_n and_o the_o ascension_n of_o the_o water_n be_v only_o or_o so_o much_o
as_o principal_o affect_v by_o the_o proper_a virtue_n of_o the_o cold_a but_o by_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n as_o we_o shall_v ere_o long_o more_o full_o declare_v and_o if_o this_o be_v make_v out_o than_o the_o computation_n we_o be_v consider_v will_v be_v find_v to_o be_v very_o fallacious_a for_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o 5_o show_v that_o the_o strength_n require_v to_o compress_v air_n be_v in_o reciprocal_a proportion_n or_o there_o about_o to_o the_o space_n comprehend_v the_o same_o portion_n of_o air_n so_o that_o if_o a_o cylinder_n for_o instance_n of_o four_o inch_n of_o air_n be_v just_o able_a to_o resist_v a_o strength_n or_o pressure_n equivalent_a to_o 10._o pound_n weight_n when_o it_o come_v to_o be_v compress_v into_o two_o inch_n in_o this_o case_n i_o say_v a_o equal_a force_n superad_v to_o the_o former_a which_o make_v that_o a_o double_a force_n or_o equivalent_a to_o 20_o pound_n weight_n will_v drive_v up_o that_o already_o compress_a 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what_o may_v seem_v a_o paradox_n that_o even_o the_o particular_a nature_n of_o the_o liquor_n employ_v in_o weather-glass_n be_v not_o altogether_o to_o be_v neglect_v till_o we_o have_v a_o better_a and_o more_o determinate_a theory_n of_o the_o cause_n of_o cold_a than_o i_o fear_v we_o have_v for_o though_o usual_o it_o matter_n not_o much_o what_o liquor_n you_o employ_v yet_o it_o be_v not_o impossible_a that_o in_o some_o case_n man_n may_v slip_v into_o mistake_n about_o they_o for_o it_o will_v not_o follow_v that_o if_o of_o two_o liquor_n the_o one_o be_v much_o the_o more_o obnoxious_a to_o the_o high_a degree_n of_o cold_a that_o of_o glaciation_n the_o other_o must_v be_v less_o easy_o susceptible_a of_o the_o low_a degree_n of_o cold_a since_o those_o that_o make_v seal_v weather-glass_n some_o with_o water_n and_o some_o with_o spirit_n of_o wine_n have_v confess_v to_o i_o that_o they_o find_v these_o last_o name_v much_o more_o apt_a to_o receive_v notable_a impression_n from_o faint_a degree_n of_o cold_a than_o those_o that_o be_v furnish_v but_o with_o water_n and_o which_o yet_o be_v easy_o turn_v into_o ice_n by_o the_o cold_a of_o our_o climate_n which_o will_v by_o no_o mean_n produce_v the_o like_a effect_n upon_o pure_a spirit_n of_o wine_n beside_o we_o can_v always_o safe_o conclude_v as_o philosopher_n and_o chemist_n general_o do_v that_o the_o more_o subtle_a and_o spirituous_a liquor_n must_v be_v the_o least_o capable_a of_o be_v congeal_v that_o be_v make_v to_o lose_v its_o fluidity_n as_o oil_n and_o some_o other_o substance_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v reduce_v to_o do_v by_o the_o action_n of_o cold_a for_o the_o chemical_a oil_n of_o aniseed_n distil_v by_o a_o limbeck_n be_v so_o hot_a and_o strong_a a_o liquor_n that_o a_o few_o drop_n of_o it_o convenient_o dissolve_v will_v make_v a_o whole_a cup_n of_o beer_n taste_v as_o strong_a and_o perhaps_o heat_v the_o body_n as_o much_o as_o so_o much_o wine_n and_o yet_o this_o hot_a and_o subtle_a liquor_n i_o have_v find_v upon_o trial_n purposely_o make_v to_o be_v more_o easy_o congealable_a in_o the_o sense_n fresh_o explain_v by_o cold_a then_o even_o common_a water_n and_o to_o continue_v so_o several_a day_n after_o a_o thaw_v have_v resolve_v the_o common_a ice_n into_o fluid_a water_n again_o and_o i_o know_v some_o distil_a liquor_n who_o component_a particle_n be_v so_o pierce_v and_o so_o vehement_o agitate_a that_o the_o tongue_n can_v suffer_v they_o and_o they_o be_v not_o perhaps_o inferior_a to_o most_o chemical_a oil_n nor_o to_o aquafortis_n itself_o and_o yet_o these_o may_v be_v congeal_v by_o far_o less_o degree_n of_o cold_a than_o such_o as_o will_v yet_o prove_v ineffectual_a to_o freeze_v either_o the_o generality_n of_o chemical_a oil_n or_o the_o generality_n of_o saline_a spirit_n and_o indeed_o till_o we_o attain_v to_o some_o more_o determinate_a theory_n of_o cold_a and_o come_v to_o know_v more_o touch_v its_o cause_n than_o we_o yet_o do_v i_o see_v not_o why_o it_o shall_v be_v absurd_a to_o suspect_v that_o though_o there_o be_v some_o kind_n of_o body_n which_o seem_v fit_v to_o produce_v cold_a indiscriminate_o in_o the_o body_n they_o invade_v or_o touch_v yet_o if_o the_o refrigeration_n of_o a_o body_n be_v but_o the_o lessen_v of_o the_o wont_a or_o former_a agitation_n of_o its_o part_n from_o what_o cause_n soever_o that_o remissness_n proceed_v it_o seem_v not_o impossible_a but_o that_o beside_o those_o body_n or_o corpuscle_n that_o may_v be_v look_v upon_o as_o the_o catholic_n efficient_n of_o cold_a there_o may_v be_v particular_a agent_n which_o in_o reference_n to_o this_o or_o that_o particular_a body_n may_v be_v call_v frigorifick_a though_o they_o will_v not_o so_o much_o refrigerate_v another_o body_n which_o perhaps_o will_v be_v more_o easy_o affect_v than_o the_o former_a by_o 〈◊〉_d efficient_n of_o cold._a for_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o quicksilver_n may_v be_v congeal_v by_o the_o steam_n of_o lead_n which_o have_v not_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o to_o have_v any_o such_o effect_n upon_o any_o other_o fluid_a body_n and_o yet_o quicksilver_n be_v not_o to_o be_v deprive_v of_o its_o fluidity_n by_o such_o a_o degree_n of_o cold_a as_o will_v freeze_v not_o only_a water_n but_o wine_n and_o by_o what_o we_o have_v former_o relate_v upon_o the_o credit_n of_o that_o great_a traveller_n the_o jesuit_n martinius_n it_o seem_v that_o water_n itself_o may_v in_o some_o region_n be_v so_o dispose_v by_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o soil_n that_o it_o be_v susceptible_a of_o strange_a impression_n of_o cold_a in_o proportion_n to_o the_o effect_n which_o that_o degree_n of_o cold_a produce_v there_o in_o humane_a body_n beside_o opium_n also_o of_o which_o three_o or_o four_o grain_n have_v too_o oft_o destroy_v the_o heat_n of_o the_o whole_a mass_n of_o blood_n in_o a_o man_n body_n though_o that_o be_v a_o very_a hot_a subtle_a and_o spirituous_a liquor_n do_v not_o sensible_o refrigerate_v water_n as_o far_o as_o i_o can_v observe_v with_o a_o good_a seal_a weatherglass_n which_o i_o put_v sometime_o in_o a_o glass_n of_o ordinary_a water_n and_o sometime_o into_o a_o glass_n of_o water_n of_o the_o same_o temper_n and_o as_o we_o guess_v of_o the_o same_o quantity_n wherein_o opium_n enough_o to_o kill_v very_o many_o man_n be_v put_v in_o thin_a slice_n and_o suffer_v to_o dissolve_v which_o seem_v to_o argue_v that_o as_o differ_a liquor_n have_v each_o their_o peculiar_a texture_n so_o there_o may_v be_v certain_a body_n who_o minute_n particle_n by_o their_o peculiar_a seize_v shape_n and_o motion_n may_v be_v qualify_v to_o hinder_v or_o at_o least_o lessen_v the_o agitation_n of_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o appropriate_v liquor_n into_o who_o pore_n they_o insinuate_v themselves_o and_o thereby_o according_a to_o the_o late_o mention_v supposition_n they_o may_v refrigerate_v that_o particular_a liquor_n without_o have_v the_o like_a effect_n on_o other_o liquor_n who_o texture_n be_v differ_v and_o i_o may_v countenance_v this_o by_o add_v that_o as_o fiery_a and_o agitate_a a_o spirit_n as_o that_o of_o wine_n when_o well_o 〈◊〉_d be_v just_o think_v to_o be_v yet_o i_o know_v more_o liquor_n than_o one_o that_o be_v mingle_v with_o it_o will_v in_o a_o trice_n deprive_v it_o of_o its_o 〈◊〉_d and_o the_o like_a change_n i_o have_v sometime_o make_v in_o some_o other_o liquor_n also_o but_o i_o must_v not_o insist_v on_o such_o matter_n have_v mention_v they_o but_o only_o to_o awaken_v man_n curiosity_n and_o circumspection_n and_o not_o to_o build_v much_o upon_o they_o which_o will_v be_v easy_o credit_v if_o it_o be_v remember_v that_o a_o little_a above_o i_o myself_o sufficient_o intimate_v that_o this_o conjecture_n suppose_v something_o about_o the_o
i_o be_o now_o upon_o for_o while_o i_o be_v yesterday_o write_v it_o i_o have_v occasion_n to_o examine_v by_o such_o a_o seal_v weatherglass_n as_o i_o have_v be_v speak_v of_o the_o temper_n of_o a_o certain_a strange_a kind_n of_o mixture_n that_o towards_o the_o close_a of_o this_o treatise_n i_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o take_v special_a notice_n of_o and_o though_o to_o the_o touch_n it_o appear_v but_o lukewarm_a yet_o have_v put_v into_o it_o the_o ball_n and_o part_n of_o the_o stem_n of_o the_o seal_a weatherglass_n i_o find_v the_o include_v liquor_n slow_o enough_o impel_v up_o so_o high_a that_o at_o length_n to_o my_o wonder_n it_o rise_v eight_o or_o nine_o inch_n in_o a_o stem_n which_o be_v not_o much_o above_o a_o foot_n long_o but_o that_o which_o i_o relate_v as_o the_o surprise_v circumstance_n be_v that_o when_o i_o have_v take_v out_o the_o thermoscope_n and_o remove_v it_o again_o into_o a_o deep_a glass_n full_a of_o cold_a water_n whence_o i_o have_v just_a before_o take_v it_o out_o to_o put_v it_o into_o the_o anomalous_a mixture_n i_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o examine_v the_o tincture_n in_o the_o weatherglass_n do_v not_o as_o it_o be_v wont_a and_o as_o any_o one_o will_v have_v expect_v begin_v to_o subside_o again_o towards_o its_o former_a station_n but_o continue_v within_o about_o half_a a_o inch_n or_o less_o of_o the_o very_a top_n of_o the_o instrument_n though_o neither_o my_o own_o busy_a eye_n nor_o those_o of_o a_o person_n very_o well_o verse_v in_o make_v and_o use_v thermoscope_n can_v perceive_v that_o the_o expanded_a tincture_n be_v any_o where_o discontinue_v by_o any_o air_n or_o bubble_n which_o at_o first_o we_o suspect_v may_v possible_o though_o it_o be_v very_o unlikely_a have_v be_v generate_v by_o the_o tepor_fw-la of_o the_o mixture_n but_o that_o which_o continue_v our_o wonder_n if_o not_o increase_v it_o be_v that_o during_o four_o or_o five_o hour_n that_o the_o instrument_n continue_v in_o the_o cold_a water_n and_o during_o some_o hour_n also_o that_o it_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n the_o tincture_n do_v not_o subside_o above_o half_a a_o inch_n and_o which_o be_v yet_o more_o strange_a have_v leave_v the_o glass_n all_o night_n in_o the_o window_n of_o a_o room_n where_o there_o be_v no_o chimney_n i_o find_v in_o the_o morning_n that_o its_o descent_n be_v scarce_o sensible_o great_a for_o it_o continue_v about_o eight_o inch_n high_o than_o the_o mark_v it_o stand_v at_o when_o i_o first_o put_v it_o into_o the_o lukewarm_a mixture_n and_o how_o long_o it_o will_v yet_o retain_v this_o strange_a expansion_n be_v more_o than_o i_o can_v tell_v but_o by_o this_o and_o what_o i_o may_v have_v occasion_n hereafter_o to_o relate_v concern_v this_o mixture_n it_o may_v appear_v somewhat_o the_o more_o reasonable_a to_o suspect_v that_o even_o seal_a weather-glass_n furnish_v with_o high_a rectify_v spirit_n of_o wine_n may_v in_o some_o though_o very_o rare_a conjuncture_n of_o circumstance_n and_o from_o some_o peculiar_a agent_n either_o by_o their_o insinuate_a themselves_o through_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o glass_n or_o on_o some_o other_o account_n receive_v impression_n that_o as_o far_o as_o can_v easy_o be_v discern_v be_v not_o pure_o the_o genuine_a and_o wont_a operation_n of_o heat_n and_o cold._n the_o chemist_n orthelius_fw-la tell_v we_o that_o 6._o the_o liquor_n distil_v from_o the_o oar_n of_o magnesia_n or_o bismute_v which_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o same_o mineral_n that_o we_o in_o english_a call_v tin-glass_n will_v swell_v in_o the_o glass_n it_o be_v keep_v in_o not_o only_o manifest_o but_o very_o considerable_o at_o the_o full_a moon_n and_o shrink_v at_o the_o new_a moon_n and_o if_o all_o my_o endeavour_n to_o procure_v that_o oar_n have_v not_o prove_v fruitless_a i_o shall_v be_v able_a by_o my_o own_o experience_n to_o disprove_v or_o confirm_v so_o admirable_a a_o phaenomenon_n but_o be_v as_o yet_o unfurnish_a to_o make_v the_o trial_n myself_o lest_o it_o may_v appear_v a_o vanity_n so_o much_o as_o to_o mention_v without_o reject_v it_o a_o thing_n so_o very_o unlikely_a i_o shall_v add_v that_o since_o i_o find_v the_o thing_n for_o the_o main_a which_o be_v deliver_v by_o the_o chemist_n employ_v as_o a_o argument_n by_o a_o credit_n famous_a mathematician_n the_o jesuit_n casatus_fw-la who_o expression_n be_v such_o as_o if_o he_o himself_o have_v observe_v that_o even_o in_o stop_v glass_n the_o forementioned_a mineral_n spirit_n increase_v very_o sensible_o in_o bulk_n about_o the_o time_n of_o the_o full_a moon_n which_o wonder_v be_v admit_v may_v not_o only_o countenance_v what_o we_o be_v say_v but_o hint_n some_o other_o very_o strange_a thing_n in_o nature_n this_o bring_v into_o my_o mind_n what_o i_o have_v elsewhere_o mention_v that_o a_o tincture_n of_o amber_n i_o have_v make_v with_o high_a rectify_v spirit_n of_o wine_n do_v for_o many_o month_n in_o a_o well_o stop_v glass_n discover_v itself_o to_o be_v affect_v with_o certain_a change_n which_o be_v think_v to_o proceed_v from_o some_o secret_a mutation_n of_o the_o air_n that_o do_v sensible_o so_o work_v as_o i_o have_v not_o observe_v it_o to_o do_v upon_o other_o liquor_n wherein_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n abound_v and_o perhaps_o upon_o long_a and_o diligent_a observation_n one_o may_v find_v a_o disparity_n betwixt_o weather-glass_n keep_v in_o the_o same_o place_n but_o furnish_v with_o differ_v liquor_n a_o disparity_n i_o say_v that_o can_v not_o be_v so_o well_o ascribe_v to_o any_o thing_n as_o to_o the_o peculiar_a nature_n of_o the_o respective_a liquor_n which_o though_o of_o divers_a kind_n may_v to_o add_v that_o towards_o the_o facilitation_n of_o trial_n be_v make_v of_o a_o very_a conspicuous_a colour_n by_o the_o selfsame_a metal_n copper_n which_o not_o only_o give_v the_o know_a colour_n in_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la but_o afford_v a_o fair_a solution_n in_o aqua_fw-la regis_fw-la and_o it_o make_v a_o liquor_n of_o a_o most_o deep_a and_o lovely_a blue_a in_o spirit_n of_o urine_n or_o of_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a and_o the_o like_a nay_o i_o have_v find_v that_o in_o good_a chemical_a oil_n of_o turpentine_n for_o express_v oil_n be_v too_o easy_o congeal_v the_o bare_a file_n of_o it_o will_v yield_v a_o sufficient_a tincture_n but_o because_o it_o be_v yet_o but_o a_o bare_a suspicion_n that_o seal_v weather-glass_n make_v of_o differ_v liquor_n but_o in_o other_o point_n alike_o may_v be_v otherwise_o then_o uniform_o affect_v by_o the_o temperature_n of_o the_o external_n air_n i_o shall_v now_o add_v a_o observation_n already_o make_v to_o show_v that_o even_o the_o seal_v weather-glass_n furnish_v with_o spirit_n of_o wine_n be_v not_o so_o perfect_o seclude_v from_o all_o commerce_n with_o external_a body_n and_o liableness_n to_o their_o operation_n but_o that_o they_o may_v be_v wrought_v upon_o otherwise_o then_o we_o think_v for_o i_o have_v more_o than_o once_o observe_v that_o even_o in_o seal_a thermoscope_n make_v purposely_o at_o home_n for_o i_o and_o with_o great_a care_n by_o the_o experte_a maker_n of_o they_o after_o a_o good_a while_n and_o when_o no_o such_o matter_n be_v expect_v there_o have_v emerge_v bubble_n which_o whether_o they_o proceed_v from_o some_o undiscernible_a particle_n of_o air_n harbour_v in_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o water_n which_o in_o process_n of_o time_n by_o their_o union_n come_v to_o make_v conspicuous_a bubble_n or_o from_o some_o dispose_v particle_n of_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n itself_o by_o successive_a alteration_n bring_v to_o a_o state_n of_o elasticity_n i_o now_o examine_v not_o but_o only_o affirm_v that_o sometime_o i_o have_v have_v of_o these_o bubble_n great_a enough_o to_o possess_v the_o space_n of_o many_o inch_n in_o the_o shank_n of_o a_o long_o seal_v weatherglass_n and_o i_o have_v be_v trouble_v with_o they_o in_o more_o weather-glass_n than_o one_o or_o two_o which_o i_o therefore_o take_v notice_n of_o not_o only_o because_o it_o serve_v to_o prove_v what_o i_o be_v say_v but_o because_o it_o be_v very_o fit_a a_o advertisement_n shall_v be_v give_v of_o it_o to_o prevent_v mistake_n for_o when_o these_o bubble_n be_v small_a and_o be_v generate_v or_o happen_v to_o stay_v at_o or_o about_o the_o place_n where_o the_o spherical_a and_o cylindrical_a part_n of_o the_o glass_n meet_v they_o may_v easy_o as_o i_o have_v observe_v lurk_v unheeded_a and_o reach_v from_o side_n to_o side_n so_o divide_v the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n in_o the_o ball_n from_o that_o in_o the_o stem_n that_o the_o latter_a shall_v not_o be_v able_a 〈◊〉_d rise_v and_o fall_v according_a to_o the_o change_n of_o the_o weather_n the_o bubble_n notwithstanding_o its_o aerial_a nature_n be_v more_o indispose_v to_o be_v move_v up_o and_o
condense_v by_o cold._n the_o iii_o discourse_n contain_v the_o ii_o paradox_n viz._n touch_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o condensation_n of_o air_n and_o ascent_n of_o water_n by_o cold_a in_o common_a weather-glass_n though_o i_o think_v here_o to_o end_v the_o praeliminary_a discourse_n as_o doubt_v it_o may_v be_v think_v prolix_a enough_o already_o yet_o for_o confirmation_n of_o what_o i_o be_v late_o note_v about_o the_o incompleteness_n of_o the_o theory_n of_o cold_a and_o because_o the_o evincement_n thereof_o may_v give_v rise_v to_o many_o trial_n that_o may_v enrich_v the_o history_n of_o cold_a i_o will_v here_o subjoin_v a_o discourse_n former_o write_v on_o another_o occasion_n for_o though_o upon_o that_o account_n i_o be_o fain_a to_o leave_v out_o the_o begin_n of_o it_o as_o not_o suit_v to_o the_o present_a occasion_n yet_o the_o main_a body_n of_o the_o discourse_n may_v be_v i_o think_v not_o improper_o annex_v to_o what_o have_v be_v already_o say_v about_o weather-glass_n since_o it_o examine_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o principal_a phaenomenon_n of_o they_o and_o will_v perhaps_o help_v to_o discover_v the_o incompleteness_n of_o man_n notion_n about_o cold_a by_o show_v that_o the_o true_a cause_n even_o of_o the_o most_o obvious_a phaenomenon_n of_o common_a weather-glass_n though_o almost_o every_o man_n think_v he_o understand_v it_o have_v not_o yet_o be_v sufficient_o inquire_v into_o the_o discourse_n then_o that_o first_o part_n of_o it_o as_o foreign_a to_o our_o present_a purpose_n be_v omit_v be_v as_o follow_v to_o prosecute_v our_o disquisition_n satisfactory_o it_o will_v concern_v we_o to_o consider_v upon_o what_o account_n the_o water_n rise_v in_o cold_a wether_n and_o fall_v in_o hot_a in_o common_a weather-glass_n who_o construction_n be_v so_o well_o know_v that_o we_o need_v not_o spend_v time_n to_o set_v it_o down_o we_o may_v forthwith_o proceed_v to_o take_v notice_n that_o concern_v the_o reason_n why_o in_o these_o weather-glass_n the_o water_n or_o other_o liquor_n in_o the_o shank_n or_o pipe_n ascend_v with_o cold_a and_o descend_v with_o heat_n there_o be_v three_o opinion_n that_o will_v deserve_v our_o consideration_n the_o first_o be_v the_o common_a opinion_n of_o the_o school_n and_o peripatetic_n and_o indeed_o of_o the_o generality_n of_o learned_a man_n of_o differ_v sect_n who_o teach_v that_o the_o cold_a of_o the_o external_n air_n contract_v the_o air_n include_v in_o the_o weatherglass_n and_o thereby_o reduce_v it_o into_o a_o narrow_a room_n then_o former_o it_o possess_v the_o water_n must_v necessary_o ascend_v to_o fill_v the_o place_n desert_v by_o the_o retire_a air_n lest_o that_o space_n shall_v become_v a_o vacuum_n which_o nature_n abhor_v but_o against_o this_o explication_n we_o have_v several_a thing_n to_o object_n for_o first_o i_o be_o not_o satisfy_v that_o any_o of_o the_o schoolman_n or_o peripatetic_n at_o least_o of_o those_o i_o have_v meet_v with_o have_v solid_o evince_v that_o nature_n can_v be_v bring_v to_o admit_v a_o vacuum_n nor_o do_v i_o much_o expect_v to_o see_v that_o assertion_n well_o prove_v by_o these_o or_o by_o any_o other_o that_o forbear_v to_o make_v use_n of_o the_o argument_n of_o the_o cartesian_o draw_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o body_n who_o very_a essence_n they_o place_v in_o its_o have_a extension_n which_o i_o say_v because_o about_o this_o argument_n i_o neither_o have_v yet_o publish_v nor_o do_v now_o intend_v to_o deliver_v my_o thought_n next_o it_o seem_v a_o way_n of_o explicate_v that_o little_o become_v a_o naturalist_n to_o attribute_v to_o the_o senseless_a and_o inanimate_a body_n of_o water_n a_o aim_n at_o the_o good_a of_o the_o universe_n strong_a enough_o to_o make_v it_o act_n as_o if_o it_o be_v a_o free_a agent_n contrary_a to_o the_o tendency_n of_o its_o own_o private_a nature_n to_o prevent_v a_o vacuum_n that_o as_o be_v presume_v will_v be_v hurtful_a to_o the_o universe_n but_o these_o argument_n we_o have_v elsewhere_o urge_v and_o therefore_o need_v not_o insist_v long_o on_o they_o here_o three_o if_o you_o take_v a_o bolthead_n with_o a_o large_a ball_n and_o long_a stem_n and_o do_v with_o that_o and_o quicksilver_n make_v the_o torricellian_a experiment_n there_o will_v be_v a_o instrument_n prepare_v like_o a_o common_a weatherglass_n save_v that_o the_o stem_n be_v long_o and_o that_o the_o liquor_n be_v mercury_n instead_o of_o water_n and_o yet_o in_o this_o case_n we_o see_v not_o that_o the_o mercury_n which_o remain_v pendulous_a in_o the_o pipe_n at_o the_o height_n of_o about_o 30._o inch_n offer_v to_o ascend_v into_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o bolthead_n to_o fill_v up_o the_o space_n whence_o the_o air_n be_v expel_v by_o the_o mercury_n and_o which_o the_o quicksilver_n also_o by_o its_o subside_v desert_v and_o the_o outward_a application_n of_o cold_a body_n to_o the_o 〈◊〉_d part_n of_o the_o head_n will_v not_o perhaps_o 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to_o freeze_v liquor_n of_o more_o difficult_a conglaciation_n then_o fair_a water_n we_o take_v then_o some_o snow_n and_o mingle_v with_o it_o some_o of_o the_o new_o mention_v spirit_n of_o nitre_n in_o so_o lucky_o a_o proportion_n that_o it_o freeze_v very_o vigorous_o and_o very_o sudden_o insomuch_o that_o once_o almost_o as_o soon_o as_o it_o be_v set_v to_o the_o ground_n it_o freeze_v the_o vial_n to_o the_o floor_n it_o be_v set_v on_o and_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o glass_n that_o contain_v this_o mixture_n we_o wet_v with_o spirit_n of_o vinegar_n which_o be_v freeze_v into_o pretty_a thick_a ice_n but_o yet_o not_o quite_o to_o forget_v that_o circumstance_n retain_v the_o salt_n taste_v of_o spirit_n of_o vinegar_n and_o though_o this_o mixture_n will_v not_o discernable_o freeze_v spirit_n of_o nitre_n on_o the_o outside_n yet_o it_o transmit_v cold_a enough_o to_o freeze_v weak_a spirit_n of_o salt_n and_o to_o give_v we_o the_o pleasure_n of_o see_v some_o saline_n 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very_o manifest_o at_o the_o low_a part_n of_o a_o glass_n which_o have_v ice_n and_o salt_n in_o it_o be_v immerse_v under_o water_n but_o when_o we_o take_v out_o the_o egg_n after_o we_o see_v that_o its_o icy_a case_n have_v cover_v the_o packthread_n it_o be_v hang_v by_o we_o find_v the_o case_n upon_o break_v it_o of_o a_o thickness_n uniform_a enough_o to_o keep_v we_o from_o conclude_v any_o thing_n from_o this_o trial_n since_o though_o there_o be_v a_o pretty_a deal_n of_o ice_n generate_v at_o so_o small_a a_o distance_n from_o the_o case_n of_o the_o egg_n that_o it_o seem_v to_o owe_v its_o production_n to_o the_o same_o cause_n yet_o which_o be_v somewhat_o odd_a we_o do_v not_o find_v that_o this_o ice_n stick_v to_o that_o which_o do_v immediate_o embrace_v the_o egg_n though_o we_o have_v some_o faint_a suspicion_n that_o the_o rudiment_n of_o it_o may_v have_v be_v very_o early_o part_v from_o the_o egg_n by_o some_o little_a shake_n of_o the_o table_n occasion_v by_o people_n pass_v to_o and_o fro_o in_o the_o room_n 6._o we_o take_v some_o pippin_n and_o expose_v they_o to_o freeze_v all_o night_n and_o put_v they_o the_o next_o morning_n into_o a_o basin_n of_o very_a cold_a water_n though_o in_o a_o warm_a room_n they_o be_v not_o long_o there_o without_o be_v enclose_v with_o case_n of_o ice_n of_o a_o considerable_a thickness_n where_o note_n 1._o that_o that_o part_n of_o a_o float_a apple_n that_o be_v immerse_v under_o water_n have_v a_o very_a much_o thick_a coat_n than_o the_o other_o part_n which_o remain_v above_o it_o 2._o that_o the_o extant_a part_n seem_v likewise_o to_o be_v hard_a than_o the_o immersed_a 3._o that_o one_o of_o these_o pippin_n be_v purposely_o leave_v out_o of_o the_o basin_n but_o lay_v by_o it_o seem_v upon_o cut_v to_o be_v hard_a and_o more_o freeze_a then_o those_o apple_n which_o have_v be_v put_v into_o the_o water_n which_o scarce_o seem_v to_o be_v at_o all_o hard_a than_o ordinary_a pippin_n that_o have_v never_o be_v set_v to_o freeze_v at_o least_o as_o to_o those_o part_n of_o the_o apple_n that_o be_v near_o the_o rind_n and_o consequent_o near_o the_o ice_n 4._o that_o neither_o freeze_a pippin_n nor_o freeze_a egg_n notwithstanding_o their_o great_a power_n of_o turn_v part_n of_o the_o contiguous_a water_n into_o ice_n do_v appear_v to_o we_o to_o detain_v or_o congeal_v any_o of_o the_o rove_a vapour_n of_o the_o air_n as_o ice_n or_o snow_n include_v with_o salt_n in_o glass_n be_v as_o we_o have_v former_o observe_v accustom_v very_o remarkable_o to_o do_v 7._o we_o take_v egg_n and_o freeze_v they_o with_o ice_n and_o salt_n till_o the_o shell_n of_o they_o be_v make_v to_o crack_v than_o we_o take_v they_o out_o and_o put_v one_o of_o they_o in_o milk_n two_o of_o they_o in_o a_o wide_a drink_a glass_n full_a of_o beer_n and_o two_o more_o in_o a_o large_a glass_n wherein_o we_o cover_v they_o with_o sack_n that_o be_v pour_v in_o till_o it_o reach_v much_o high_o in_o the_o glass_n than_o the_o eggs._n but_o none_o of_o these_o trial_n produce_v as_o we_o can_v perceive_v one_o grain_n of_o ice_n and_o be_v desirous_a to_o see_v whether_o the_o acid_n salt_n of_o vinegar_n or_o the_o cold_a in_o a_o well_o freeze_a egg_n will_v have_v the_o chief_a operation_n if_o those_o two_o body_n be_v put_v together_o i_o find_v upon_o trial_n that_o the_o saline_n part_n of_o the_o vinegar_n begin_v to_o dissolve_v the_o eggshell_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o much_o alter_a colour_n of_o it_o but_o the_o cold_a of_o the_o ice_n in_o the_o egg_n be_v not_o able_a to_o freeze_v any_o part_n of_o the_o water_n or_o phlegm_n of_o the_o vinegar_n 8._o we_o have_v also_o thought_n of_o try_v whither_o or_o no_o piece_n of_o iron_n of_o several_a shape_n and_o bigness_n be_v for_o divers_a day_n and_o night_n expose_v to_o the_o freeze_a air_n and_o afterward_o immerse_v in_o water_n will_v produce_v any_o ice_n as_o freeze_a egg_n and_o apple_n do_v for_o the_o brittleness_n of_o the_o lath_n of_o stone-bow_n in_o sharp_a frost_n together_o with_o other_o observation_n elsewhere_o mention_v seem_v to_o argue_v that_o to_o use_v a_o popular_a phrase_n the_o frost_n do_v also_o get_v into_o these_o body_n and_o i_o have_v be_v assure_v by_o one_o who_o the_o trial_n i_o have_v make_v with_o egg_n and_o apple_n invite_v i_o to_o consult_v that_o a_o great_a cheese_n he_o immerse_v in_o water_n in_o a_o cold_a country_n be_v present_o cover_v over_o with_o ice_n but_o though_o as_o i_o say_v i_o have_v thought_n of_o make_v the_o above_o mention_v trial_n yet_o for_o want_v of_o a_o frost_n sufficient_o durable_a i_o be_v not_o able_a to_o effect_v what_o i_o design_v but_o thus_o much_o i_o try_v that_o though_o i_o keep_v good_a lump_n of_o iron_n and_o as_o i_o remember_v of_o other_o metal_n beside_o piece_n of_o glass_n and_o a_o stone_n or_o two_o of_o a_o convenient_a size_n in_o snow_n and_o salt_n i_o know_v not_o how_o much_o long_o than_o will_v have_v suffice_v to_o make_v egg_n or_o apple_n or_o such_o kind_n of_o thing_n fit_a to_o produce_v store_n of_o ice_n in_o water_n upon_o their_o be_v thaw_v therein_o yet_o we_o can_v not_o find_v that_o upon_o the_o immersing_a the_o several_a new_o name_v mineral_n body_n there_o be_v the_o least_o ice_n produce_v in_o the_o cold_a water_n where_o we_o keep_v they_o cover_v i_o must_v not_o nevertheless_o omit_v to_o make_v some_o mention_n of_o that_o which_o late_o 〈◊〉_d to_o happen_v at_o the_o door_n of_o our_o own_o laboratory_n respect_v the_o north_n east_n where_o some_o glass_n new_o bring_v from_o the_o shop_n and_o not_o employ_v lie_v in_o a_o basket_n as_o they_o pour_v water_n into_o one_o of_o they_o to_o rinse_v it_o part_n of_o it_o be_v present_o turn_v into_o ice_n while_o one_o of_o my_o domestic_n hold_v it_o in_o his_o hand_n who_o come_v present_o to_o show_v it_o i_o i_o suspect_v the_o ice_n may_v have_v come_v from_o or_o rather_o with_o the_o water_n that_o be_v pour_v into_o the_o glass_n but_o upon_o inquire_v be_v assure_v of_o the_o contrary_a 9_o but_o here_o i_o must_v not_o omit_v another_o trial_n relate_v to_o the_o former_a experiment_n which_o may_v seem_v somewhat_o odd_a if_o its_o event_n prove_v constant_o the_o same_o as_o when_o we_o try_v it_o for_o after_o these_o and_o divers_a other_o experiment_n make_v with_o freeze_a egg_n and_o apple_n we_o think_v it_o may_v be_v worth_a the_o examine_n whether_o or_o no_o ice_n and_o the_o liquor_n of_o these_o concretes_n will_v produce_v the_o like_a effect_n as_o freeze_a egg_n and_o apple_n and_o because_o it_o be_v usual_o a_o easy_a
way_n then_o that_o which_o be_v more_o common_a of_o bring_v body_n who_o degree_n of_o cold_a be_v more_o languid_a to_o freeze_v water_n to_o include_v they_o with_o ice_n or_o snow_n in_o a_o single_a vial_n and_o so_o put_v they_o upon_o act_v only_o upon_o the_o minute_n and_o easy_o congealable_a vapour_n that_o wander_v in_o the_o air_n we_o take_v that_o course_n in_o the_o trial_n we_o be_v mention_v who_o success_n be_v thus_o brief_o set_v down_o in_o one_o of_o our_o note_n 10._o ice_n and_o juice_n of_o pippin_n well_o shake_v together_o in_o a_o single_a vial_n produce_v abundance_n of_o dew_n but_o we_o can_v not_o satisfy_v ourselves_o that_o it_o produce_v any_o ice_n 11._o also_o ice_n and_o the_o white_a of_o a_o egg_n moderate_o beat_v into_o a_o liquor_n be_v try_v with_o just_a the_o like_a success_n but_o these_o trial_n have_v scarce_o be_v make_v above_o once_o and_o at_o most_o but_o twice_o be_v to_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 12._o as_o for_o what_o be_v say_v that_o egg_n and_o apple_n thaw_v in_o the_o water_n be_v better_o preserve_v then_o thaw_v by_o the_o fire_n side_n we_o try_v it_o in_o pippin_n for_o in_o egg_n the_o experiment_n be_v not_o so_o easy_o and_o quick_o make_v and_o as_o far_o as_o we_o can_v discern_v find_v it_o true_a and_o somewhat_o wonder_v to_o see_v how_o soon_o and_o how_o much_o putrefaction_n be_v induce_v into_o those_o loose_o contexed_a body_n by_o a_o overhasty_a thaw_v 13._o if_o we_o may_v believe_v the_o relation_n of_o navigator_n and_o other_o of_o good_a credit_n of_o one_o or_o two_o of_o who_o i_o have_v the_o opportunity_n to_o make_v inquiry_n there_o may_v be_v good_a use_n make_v of_o what_o happen_v in_o the_o different_a way_n of_o thaw_v egg_n and_o apple_n by_o apply_v the_o observation_n to_o other_o body_n and_o even_o to_o man_n that_o happen_v to_o be_v dangerous_o nip_v by_o excessive_a cold._n for_o it_o be_v a_o know_a observation_n among_o those_o that_o have_v inhabit_v or_o visit_v the_o northern_a climate_n that_o if_o those_o who_o hand_n or_o foot_n or_o face_n happen_v to_o be_v freeze_v approach_v they_o too_o near_o or_o hasty_o to_o the_o fire_n they_o be_v in_o danger_n of_o lose_v or_o at_o least_o much_o prejudice_v the_o overhasty_o thaw_a part_n upon_o divers_a of_o we_o say_v captain_n james_n speak_v of_o his_o companion_n have_v the_o cold_a raise_v blister_n as_o big_a as_o walnut_n this_o we_o imagine_v to_o come_v by_o reason_n that_o they_o come_v too_o hasty_o to_o the_o fire_n and_o therefore_o they_o that_o be_v more_o careful_a to_o be_v safe_o then_o quick_o deliver_v from_o the_o painful_a cold_a be_v wont_a before_o they_o come_v near_o the_o fire_n whether_o it_o be_v open_a or_o in_o stove_n either_o well_o to_o wash_v their_o hand_n or_o other_o freeze_a part_n in_o very_o cold_a water_n or_o else_o to_o rub_v they_o well_o with_o snow_n itself_o and_o this_o bring_v into_o my_o mind_n that_o i_o sometime_o endeavour_v to_o find_v by_o trial_n what_o beeflong_o expose_v to_o freeze_v and_o differ_o thaw_v will_v teach_v i_o by_o way_n of_o confirmation_n of_o this_o tradition_n but_o be_v then_o oblige_v to_o unseasonable_a remove_n from_o the_o place_n where_o i_o make_v my_o trial_n they_o do_v not_o for_o that_o reason_n afford_v i_o the_o satisfaction_n i_o desire_v but_o meet_v with_o a_o intelligent_a person_n that_o have_v be_v a_o housekeeper_n in_o muscovy_n and_o inquire_v of_o he_o whether_o he_o have_v observe_v any_o thing_n about_o this_o matter_n he_o tell_v i_o that_o have_v once_o have_v two_o very_a large_a cheese_n freeze_v he_o thaw_v one_o of_o they_o in_o water_n and_o the_o other_o in_o a_o stove_n but_o find_v that_o thaw_v in_o water_n be_v much_o the_o better_a way_n of_o the_o two_o and_o i_o be_v well_o please_v to_o be_v answer_v by_o he_o that_o the_o cheese_n thaw_v in_o water_n do_v soon_o acquire_v therein_o a_o crust_n of_o ice_n 14._o but_o more_o memorable_a be_v that_o relation_n which_o i_o remember_v i_o have_v read_v in_o the_o experience_a chirurgeon_n hildanus_n treatise_n of_o gangrene_n where_o he_o relate_v from_o credible_a testimony_n how_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o a_o man_n be_v successful_o thaw_v and_o which_o be_v more_o strange_a case_v all_o over_o with_o ice_n by_o be_v handle_v as_o our_o egg_n and_o apple_n be_v his_o own_o word_n because_o the_o narrative_n may_v prove_v of_o some_o use_n i_o shall_v subjoin_v and_o they_o be_v these_o narravit_fw-la mihi_fw-la vir_fw-la quidam_fw-la nobilis_fw-la &_o fide_fw-la 10._o dignus_fw-la se_fw-la cum_fw-la eas_fw-la regiones_fw-la peragraret_fw-la incidisse_fw-la aliquando_fw-la in_o viatorem_fw-la secundum_fw-la viam_fw-la frigore_fw-la rigidum_fw-la ac_fw-la pene_fw-la mortuum_fw-la quem_fw-la plaustro_fw-la svo_fw-la impositum_fw-la cum_fw-la deduxisset_fw-la in_o diversorium_fw-la hospes_fw-la illico_fw-la demersit_fw-la in_o frigidam_fw-la quo_fw-la facto_fw-la undiquaque_fw-la ita_fw-la erupit_fw-la gelu_fw-la ut_fw-la ipsius_fw-la corpus_fw-la glacie_n seu_fw-la ferreo_fw-la thorace_fw-la contectum_fw-la conspiceretur_fw-la tum_o quoque_fw-la propinatum_fw-la illi_fw-la aiebat_fw-la cyathum_fw-la ampliorem_fw-la hydromelitis_n quo_fw-la illi_fw-la seu_fw-la potu_fw-la ordinario_fw-la utuntur_fw-la addito_fw-la pulve_n re_fw-la cinamomi_fw-la caryophyllorum_fw-la &_o macis_n unde_fw-la sudor_fw-la in_o lecto_fw-la provocatus_fw-la est_fw-la atque_fw-la ita_fw-la aegrum_fw-la ad_fw-la se_fw-la rediisse_fw-la amissis_fw-la do_fw-la axat_fw-la manuum_fw-la &_o pedum_fw-la extremis_fw-la articulis_fw-la hinc_fw-la intelligimus_fw-la hanc_fw-la methodum_fw-la sanandi_fw-la congelatos_fw-la veram_fw-la ac_fw-la tutam_fw-la esse_fw-la ac_fw-la eam_fw-la etiam_fw-la probat_fw-la summus_n philosophus_fw-la qui_fw-la regiones_fw-la illas_fw-la frequentavit_fw-la etc._n etc._n 15._o the_o experiment_n deliver_v at_o the_o beginning_n of_o this_o title_n of_o speedy_o produce_v ice_n on_o the_o outside_n of_o freeze_a egg_n and_o apple_n by_o immerse_v they_o in_o cold_a water_n i_o take_v to_o be_v one_o of_o the_o two_o or_o three_o most_o illustrious_a i_o have_v hitherto_o meet_v with_o about_o congelation_n and_o as_o likely_a as_o any_o to_o assist_v we_o to_o investigate_v the_o cause_n of_o it_o but_o though_o the_o phaenomena_n seem_v very_o favourable_a to_o their_o hypothesis_n that_o suppose_v congelation_n to_o be_v effect_v by_o the_o ingress_n of_o frigorifick_a atom_n into_o the_o water_n or_o other_o body_n to_o be_v congeal_v yet_o for_o some_o reason_n i_o shall_v not_o here_o offer_v to_o draw_v any_o speculative_a inference_n from_o the_o experiment_n content_v myself_o to_o have_v here_o and_o at_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o section_n hint_v in_o transitu_fw-la the_o hopefulness_n of_o its_o prove_v luciferous_a 16._o but_o i_o remember_v that_o the_o title_n of_o this_o section_n promise_v something_o concern_v the_o preservation_n and_o destruction_n of_o other_o inanimate_a body_n as_o well_o as_o egg_n and_o apple_n by_o cold_a but_o as_o that_o intimate_v promise_n make_v the_o last_o part_n of_o the_o title_n so_o what_o i_o have_v to_o deliver_v on_o this_o subject_n must_v not_o be_v expect_v to_o be_v other_o than_o the_o last_o part_n of_o this_o section_n and_o indeed_o to_o be_v able_a to_o add_v much_o to_o that_o little_a which_o be_v general_o know_v about_o this_o subject_n i_o shall_v either_o have_v live_v in_o cold_a climate_n than_o we_o or_o have_v have_v which_o i_o have_v not_o the_o opportunity_n of_o make_v experiment_n that_o require_v length_n of_o time_n and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v only_o propose_v a_o general_a consideration_n about_o this_o matter_n and_o subjoin_v a_o few_o of_o the_o chief_a observation_n i_o have_v meet_v with_o in_o navigator_n or_o other_o about_o it_o that_o then_o which_o i_o will_v premise_v in_o general_a be_v only_o this_o that_o whether_o body_n be_v srozen_v by_o the_o ingress_n of_o frigorifick_a atom_n which_o by_o their_o intrude_a in_o swarm_n can_v scarce_o avoid_v discompose_v the_o texture_n of_o the_o body_n or_o whether_o it_o be_v make_v by_o the_o recess_n of_o some_o matter_n that_o do_v before_o congelation_n more_o strong_o agitate_v its_o part_n which_o way_n soever_o i_o say_v freeze_a be_v effect_v it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o freeze_a body_n be_v at_o least_o for_o the_o time_n much_o alter_v and_o therefore_o we_o think_v fit_a to_o place_v it_o among_o our_o general_a article_n of_o inquiry_n about_o cold_a what_o the_o effect_n of_o it_o may_v be_v as_o to_o the_o conservation_n or_o destruction_n of_o the_o texture_n of_o body_n but_o as_o for_o the_o due_o prosecute_a this_o inquiry_n we_o do_v as_o we_o late_o intimate_v want_v the_o time_n and_o conveniency_n we_o judge_v needful_a for_o such_o a_o work_n the_o matter_n seem_v to_o require_v that_o it_o be_v watchful_o and_o considerate_o manage_v and_o that_o both_o the_o nature_n of_o
proceed_v may_v keep_v the_o ill_a operation_n of_o cold_a upon_o the_o violate_a texture_n of_o body_n from_o appear_v yet_o when_o once_o that_o 〈◊〉_d be_v remove_v divers_a body_n make_v haste_n to_o discover_v that_o their_o texture_n be_v discompose_v if_o not_o quite_o vitiate_v by_o the_o excessive_a cold_a i_o may_v allege_v on_o this_o occasion_n that_o i_o have_v show_v divers_a ingenious_a man_n by_o a_o experiment_n i_o have_v teach_v in_o another_o philosophy_n treatise_n that_o the_o change_v produce_v in_o the_o texture_n of_o some_o body_n by_o glaciation_n may_v be_v make_v manifest_a even_o to_o the_o sight_n for_o by_o freeze_v a_o ox_n eye_n the_o crystalline_a humour_n which_o in_o its_o natural_a state_n be_v transparent_a enough_o to_o deserve_v its_o name_n of_o crystalline_a though_o not_o fluid_a enough_o to_o deserve_v the_o name_n of_o humour_n lose_v with_o its_o former_a texture_n all_o its_o diaphancity_n and_o be_v cut_v in_o two_o with_o a_o sharp_a knife_n appear_v quite_o throughout_o very_o white_a but_o for_o confirmation_n of_o this_o i_o shall_v rather_o add_v that_o i_o remember_v that_o the_o person_n former_o mention_v that_o have_v make_v trial_n of_o the_o two_o cheese_n confess_v to_o i_o that_o though_o that_o which_o have_v be_v thaw_v in_o cold_a water_n be_v very_o much_o the_o less_o spoil_v yet_o they_o be_v both_o of_o they_o manifest_o impair_v and_o the_o other_o of_o they_o be_v so_o in_o its_o very_a consistence_n by_o the_o frost_n though_o the_o bulk_n of_o the_o cheese_n be_v very_o considerable_a and_o though_o they_o be_v both_o of_o they_o of_o a_o more_o then_o ordinary_o good_a and_o durable_a sort_n 22._o the_o next_o thing_n i_o shall_v allege_v to_o this_o purpose_n be_v the_o observation_n of_o the_o hollander_n even_o by_o such_o a_o degree_n of_o cold_a as_o they_o meet_v with_o in_o nova_n zembla_n before_o the_o middle_n of_o october_n at_o which_o time_n their_o strong_a beer_n by_o be_v partly_o freeze_v have_v its_o texture_n so_o vitiate_v that_o the_o reunion_n of_o its_o unfrozen_a to_o its_o thaw_a part_n can_v not_o restore_v it_o to_o any_o thing_n near_o such_o a_o spirituous_a liquor_n as_o it_o be_v before_o we_o be_v force_v say_v gerad_n de_fw-fr veer_v that_o write_v the_o story_n to_o melt_v the_o beer_n 493._o for_o there_o be_v scarce_o any_o unfrozen_a beer_n in_o the_o barrel_n but_o in_o that_o thick_a yeast_n that_o be_v unfrozen_a lay_v the_o strength_n of_o the_o beer_n so_o that_o it_o be_v too_o strong_a to_o drink_v alone_o and_o that_o which_o be_v freeze_v taste_v like_o water_n and_o be_v melt_v we_o mix_v one_o with_o the_o other_o and_o so_o drink_v it_o but_o it_o have_v neither_o ftrength_n nor_o taste_n and_o in_o the_o next_o month_n journal_n he_o tell_v we_o that_o their_o best_a beer_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n whole_o without_o any_o strength_n so_o that_o it_o have_v no_o savour_n at_o all_o but_o a_o more_o remarkable_a 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insipid_a and_o be_v boil_v afford_v a_o broth_n little_o better_o than_o common_a water_n 24._o if_o i_o have_v not_o want_v opportunity_n i_o shall_v here_o subjoin_v a_o account_n of_o some_o trial_n for_o which_o i_o make_v provision_n as_o think_v they_o not_o absolute_o unworthy_a the_o make_n though_o extravagant_a enough_o not_o to_o be_v likely_a to_o succeed_v for_o i_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o try_v not_o only_o whether_o some_o plant_n and_o other_o medicinal_a thing_n who_o specific_a virtue_n i_o be_v acquaint_v with_o will_v lose_v their_o peculiar_a quality_n by_o be_v thorough_o congeal_v and_o several_a way_n thaw_v and_o whether_o thaw_a hartshorn_n of_o which_o the_o quantity_n of_o salt_n and_o saline_n spirit_n of_o such_o a_o determinate_a strength_n shall_v beforehand_o be_v try_v by_o distillation_n will_v after_o have_v be_v long_o congeal_v yield_v by_o the_o same_o way_n of_o distillation_n the_o same_o quantity_n of_o those_o actual_a substance_n as_o if_o the_o hartshorn_n have_v not_o be_v freeze_v at_o all_o but_o i_o have_v also_o thought_n to_o try_v whether_o the_o electrical_a faculty_n of_o amber_n both_o the_o natural_a and_o that_o factitious_a imitation_n of_o it_o i_o elsewhere_o teach_v and_o whether_o the_o attractive_a or_o directive_n virtue_n of_o lodestone_n especial_o very_o weak_a one_o will_v be_v either_o impair_v or_o any_o way_n alter_v by_o be_v very_o long_o expose_v to_o the_o intense_v degree_n of_o cold_a within_o my_o power_n of_o produce_v but_o to_o have_v name_v such_o extravagancy_n be_v that_o which_o i_o think_v enough_o and_o other_o i_o fear_v may_v think_v too_o much_o 25._o yet_o some_o few_o thing_n i_o shall_v subjoin_v on_o this_o occasion_n because_o it_o will_v add_v somewhat_o not_o impertinent_a to_o the_o design_n of_o this_o treatise_n which_o be_v to_o deliver_v the_o phaenomena_n of_o cold_a as_o well_o as_o countenance_v what_o i_o have_v be_v propose_v and_o those_o thing_n be_v that_o i_o can_v by_o very_o credible_a testimony_n make_v it_o appear_v that_o a_o intense_a cold_a may_v have_v a_o great_a operation_n upon_o the_o texture_n even_o of_o solid_a and_o durable_a body_n than_o we_o in_o this_o temperate_a climate_n be_v common_o aware_a of_o i_o shall_v not_o urge_v that_o even_o here_o in_o england_n '_o it_o be_v general_o believe_v that_o man_n bone_n be_v more_o apt_a to_o break_v upon_o fall_n in_o frosty_a then_o in_o other_o wether_n because_o that_o may_v possible_o be_v impute_v to_o the_o hardness_n of_o the_o freeze_a ground_n nor_o that_o i_o remember_v when_o i_o be_v wont_a to_o make_v use_n of_o stone-bow_n i_o find_v it_o a_o common_a observation_n that_o in_o frosty_a wether_n the_o lath_n though_o of_o steel_n will_v by_o the_o cold_a be_v make_v so_o brittle_a that_o unless_o extraordinary_a care_n be_v have_v of_o they_o or_o some_o expedient_n be_v use_v about_o they_o they_o will_v be_v apt_a to_o break_v nor_o yet_o that_o a_o 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they_o must_v make_v a_o fire_n to_o it_o to_o thaw_v it_o otherwise_o it_o can_v not_o be_v cut_v 27._o and_o i_o remember_v that_o two_o several_a person_n both_o of_o they_o scholar_n and_o stranger_n to_o one_o another_o that_o have_v occasion_n to_o travel_v as_o far_o as_o moscow_n assure_v i_o that_o they_o divers_a time_n observe_v in_o extreme_a frost_n that_o the_o timber-work_n whether_o the_o board_n or_o the_o beam_n of_o some_o house_n which_o according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o that_o country_n be_v make_v of_o wood_n and_o perhaps_o not_o well_o season_v will_v by_o the_o operation_n of_o the_o cold_a be_v make_v to_o crack_v in_o divers_a place_n with_o a_o noise_n which_o be_v surprise_v enough_o to_o they_o especial_o in_o the_o night_n 28._o i_o remember_v also_o that_o a_o physician_n who_o live_v for_o
no_o pain_n save_v that_o when_o he_o come_v to_o himself_o again_o he_o feel_v such_o a_o prick_a all_o his_o body_n over_o as_o man_n be_v wont_a to_o find_v in_o a_o arm_n or_o leg_n benumb_v by_o have_v be_v long_o lean_v upon_o when_o i_o ask_v whether_o the_o sharpness_n of_o the_o cold_a do_v not_o work_v upon_o the_o stone_n he_o answer_v that_o as_o to_o flint_n he_o can_v not_o tell_v but_o as_o to_o other_o stone_n and_o such_o as_o be_v oftentimes_o use_v for_o building_n the_o violence_n of_o the_o cold_a make_v they_o frequent_o moulder_v into_o dust._n and_o to_o satisfy_v my_o curiosity_n about_o the_o effect_n of_o cold_a upon_o wood_n he_o tell_v i_o that_o he_o have_v very_o often_o in_o the_o night_n especial_o when_o their_o keen_a frost_n be_v unaccompanied_a with_o snow_n hear_v the_o tree_n cleave_v and_o crack_v with_o very_o great_a and_o sometime_o frightful_a noise_n and_o that_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o fir-tree_n that_o be_v lay_v upon_o one_o another_o 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the_o side_n of_o the_o glass_n to_o fill_v that_o space_n which_o be_v desert_v upon_o the_o condensation_n of_o the_o include_v air_n the_o liquor_n will_v otherwise_o leave_v a_o vacuum_n abhor_v by_o nature_n and_o even_o those_o few_o modern_n that_o be_v loath_a to_o ascribe_v this_o phaenomenon_n to_o nature_n abhorrency_n of_o a_o vacuum_n either_o not_o be_v acquaint_v with_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n know_v not_o what_o probable_a account_n to_o give_v of_o it_o or_o if_o they_o acknowledge_v that_o weight_n be_v wont_a to_o ascribe_v it_o to_o that_o and_o to_o the_o great_a contraction_n of_o the_o internal_a air_n make_v by_o the_o cold_a of_o the_o external_n 5._o but_o as_o for_o the_o peripatetic_n the_o above_o mention_v experiment_n sufficient_o evince_v that_o in_o many_o case_n it_o be_v not_o the_o shrink_n but_o the_o expansion_n of_o the_o liquor_n contain_v in_o the_o stop_v vessel_n that_o occasion_n their_o burst_n and_o therefore_o in_o these_o case_n 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expansion_n wr_v considerable_a since_o the_o water_n rise_v three_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a in_o the_o stem_n though_o the_o whole_a water_n in_o the_o egg_n and_o stem_n too_o weigh_v but_o two_o ounce_n and_o a_o half_a 〈◊〉_d the_o vessel_n have_v not_o be_v unlucky_o crack_v we_o shall_v have_v freeze_v the_o water_n once_o more_o and_o then_o seal_v up_o the_o glass_n hermetical_o and_o suffer_v the_o ice_n leisurely_o to_o thaw_v shall_v have_v invert_v it_o and_o break_v it_o under_o water_n and_o have_v proceed_v with_o it_o as_o we_o have_v do_v with_o some_o other_o glass_n in_o the_o former_o mention_v experiment_n 9_o a_fw-la little_a glass_n cylinder_n open_v only_a at_o one_o end_n of_o a_o convenient_a length_n be_v thrust_v into_o a_o deep_a and_o wide_a mouth'd-glass_n about_o half_n fill_v with_o a_o mixture_n of_o ice_n and_o salt_n but_o the_o cylinder_n be_v neither_o so_o quite_o fill_v that_o the_o water_n shall_v run_v over_o nor_o yet_o far_o short_a of_o be_v 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we_o find_v the_o glass_n fill_v to_o the_o high_a mark_n to_o weigh_v 4374._o grain_n when_o it_o be_v fill_v but_o to_o the_o low_a mark_n 4152._o grain_n and_o when_o quite_o empty_v 1032._o so_o that_o the_o water_n contain_v betwixt_o the_o high_a and_o low_a mark_n and_o raise_v by_o the_o glaciation_n be_v about_o a_o fifteen_o part_n of_o the_o water_n set_v to_o freeze_v and_o probable_o will_v have_v amount_v to_o much_o more_o if_o the_o water_n have_v be_v all_o freeze_a 12._o a_fw-la large_a glass-egg_n be_v take_v 1662._o with_o a_o proportionable_o big_a stem_n we_o pour_v water_n into_o it_o till_o it_o reach_v about_o a_o inch_n above_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o stem_n and_o fasten_v a_o mark_n there_o we_o expose_v it_o all_o night_n to_o freeze_v in_o snow_n and_o salt_n which_o be_v so_o place_v as_o not_o to_o reach_v so_o high_a as_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o stem_n the_o next_o day_n about_o ten_o of_o the_o clock_n we_o find_v the_o water_n rise_v in_o the_o 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the_o time_n after_o till_o it_o be_v quite_o thaw_v and_o the_o white_a ice_n appear_v full_a of_o bubble_n the_o experiment_n be_v further_o pursue_v the_o water_n ascend_v high_a and_o high_o till_o it_o have_v reach_v about_o eight_o inch_n above_o the_o first_o mark_n then_o the_o top_n of_o the_o pipe_n be_v with_o a_o lamp_n draw_v out_o into_o a_o very_a slender_a cylinder_n for_o the_o conveniency_n of_o seal_v up_o the_o glass_n be_v again_o put_v into_o the_o ice_n that_o the_o air_n heat_v by_o the_o lamp_n may_v cool_v upon_o which_o the_o water_n continue_v swell_v till_o it_o begin_v to_o run_v over_o at_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o slender_a pipe_n which_o be_v hold_v by_o in_o the_o flame_n of_o a_o candle_n be_v in_o a_o trice_n seal_v up_o so_o that_o the_o whole_a glass_n now_o appear_v full_a of_o water_n bate_v a_o inconsiderable_a quantity_n of_o rarify_v air_n not_o amount_v to_o the_o bigness_n of_o half_a a_o small_a pea_n that_o remain_v contiguous_a to_o the_o seal_a part_n the_o egg_n be_v bring_v into_o a_o warm_a room_n be_v keep_v there_o all_o night_n and_o a_o good_a part_n of_o the_o next_o morning_n before_o the_o ice_n be_v quite_o thaw_v which_o when_o it_o be_v the_o water_n be_v find_v subside_v to_o the_o first_o mark_n and_o which_o be_v do_v the_o glass_n be_v invert_v and_o the_o seal_a end_n immerse_v a_o good_a way_n under_o water_n where_o be_v break_v the_o external_a air_n impel_v the_o water_n in_o the_o basin_n into_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o pipe_n insomuch_o that_o when_o we_o take_v it_o out_o which_o we_o do_v as_o soon_o as_o we_o think_v nomore_o water_n be_v impel_v up_o reinvert_v the_o glass_n we_o find_v that_o the_o admit_v water_n reach_v seven_o inch_n above_o the_o first_o mark_n and_o leave_v a_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a of_o the_o stem_n before_o it_o begin_v to_o be_v wire-drawn_a beside_o as_o much_o of_o the_o slender_a part_n of_o the_o stem_n as_o by_o guess_v amount_v to_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o inch_n or_o more_o so_o that_o it_o seem_v that_o the_o bubble_n which_o make_v the_o water_n swell_v and_o appear_v in_o the_o 〈◊〉_d amount_v to_o a_o inch_n and_o three_o quarter_n of_o air_n which_o consequent_o seem_v to_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n generate_v by_o this_o operation_n and_o to_o seven_o inch_n either_o of_o a_o vacuum_n or_o some_o 〈◊〉_d substance_n which_o by_o its_o have_a no_o spring_n to_o resist_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o outward_a air_n appear_v not_o to_o be_v air_n we_o can_v not_o exact_o measure_v the_o quantity_n of_o water_n we_o have_v in_o all_o and_o the_o proportion_n of_o it_o betwixt_o the_o mark_n 〈◊〉_d have_v leave_v the_o glass_n in_o the_o window_n to_o try_v whether_o time_n or_o cold_a will_v make_v the_o admit_v water_n shrink_v which_o we_o do_v not_o find_v it_o to_o do_v the_o weather_n be_v so_o sharp_a that_o beginning_n as_o we_o conclude_v to_o 〈◊〉_d the_o water_n in_o the_o stem_n the_o increase_a ice_n burst_v out_o the_o belly_n of_o the_o glass_n into_o many_o piece_n another_o time_n 14._o he_o seal_v glass_n be_v break_v under_o water_n there_o be_v impel_v into_o the_o cylinder_n ten_o inch_n and_o a_o little_a above_o a_o half_a and_o the_o mark_n it_o shall_v have_v rise_v to_o be_v eleven_o inch_n and_o a_o quarter_n above_o the_o first_o and_o low_a mark_n another_o time_n 15._o in_o the_o same_o bolthead_n wherein_o decemb._n the_o great_a condensation_n of_o the_o air_n be_v try_v the_o water_n be_v by_o the_o cold_a make_v to_o swell_v very_o near_o a_o foot_n above_o the_o mark_v it_o rest_v at_o when_o it_o begin_v to_o freeze_v then_o the_o glass_n be_v 〈◊〉_d up_o the_o contain_v water_n be_v remove_v and_o suffer_v leisurely_o to_o thaw_v and_o upon_o the_o dissolution_n of_o the_o ice_n the_o water_n fall_v back_o to_o the_o former_a mark_n last_o the_o glass_n be_v invert_v the_o apex_n be_v break_v off_o under_o water_n and_o the_o water_n in_o the_o stem_n be_v by_o the_o outward_a 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to_o be_v measure_v so_o the_o measurer_n not_o know_v how_o long_o they_o may_v have_v be_v on_o ground_n for_o aught_o i_o know_v much_o of_o that_o admire_a height_n may_v be_v attribute_v to_o the_o snow_n that_o from_o time_n to_o time_n fall_v very_o plentiful_o in_o those_o freeze_a region_n and_o be_v compact_v together_o either_o by_o the_o sun_n who_o beam_n sometime_o begin_v to_o thaw_v it_o and_o sometime_o by_o the_o water_n of_o the_o wave_n that_o beat_v against_o the_o ice_n and_o be_v congeal_v with_o the_o snow_n do_v as_o it_o be_v cement_v the_o part_n of_o it_o together_o and_o sometime_o by_o both_o of_o these_o cause_n so_o in_o the_o instance_n allege_v 14._o out_o of_o captain_n james_n of_o piece_n of_o ice_n that_o be_v twice_o as_o high_a as_o his_o top-mast-head_n it_o be_v say_v also_o that_o they_o be_v on_o ground_n in_o 40._o fathom_n and_o in_o the_o other_o example_n mention_v out_o of_o bartholinus_n though_o there_o be_v 40._o fathom_n attribute_v to_o the_o immersed_a part_n of_o the_o ice_n yet_o that_o measure_n be_v not_o exclusive_a of_o a_o great_a for_o it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o ice_n reach_v downward_o above_o 40._o fathom_n and_o how_o much_o downward_o and_o whether_o as_o far_o as_o the_o ground_n we_o be_v leave_v at_o liberty_n to_o guess_v and_o in_o that_o stupendous_a piece_n of_o ice_n record_v in_o the_o nova_fw-la zembla_n voyage_n to_o have_v be_v in_o all_o 52._o fathom_n that_o be_v 300._o and_o twelve_o foot_n deep_a though_o it_o be_v grant_v what_o they_o affirm_v that_o it_o be_v 16._o fathom_n above_o the_o water_n which_o be_v almost_o a_o three_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a depth_n yet_o i_o observe_v that_o of_o this_o icy_a mountain_n it_o be_v say_v that_o it_o lay_v fast_o on_o the_o ground_n so_o that_o as_o on_o the_o one_o side_n it_o seem_v probable_a that_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o island_n of_o ice_n may_v be_v increase_v by_o snow_n and_o as_o i_o remember_v that_o in_o that_o famous_o inquisitive_a navigator_n mr._n hudsons_n voyage_n for_o the_o discovery_n of_o the_o northwest_n passage_n it_o be_v relate_v that_o his_o company_n be_v pricket_n so_o well_o acquaint_v with_o the_o ice_n that_o when_o night_n or_o foggy_a or_o foul_a weather_n take_v they_o they_o will_v seek_v out_o the_o broad_a island_n of_o ice_n and_o there_o come_v to_o anchor_n and_o run_v and_o sport_n and_o fill_v water_n that_o stand_v the_o ice_n in_o pond_n very_o fresh_a and_o good_a so_o on_o the_o other_o side_n we_o know_v not_o how_o much_o low_o the_o dutchman_n ice_n and_o captain_n james_n will_v have_v reach_v into_o the_o sea_n in_o case_n the_o ground_n they_o rest_v on_o have_v not_o hinder_v they_o for_o though_o one_o may_v probable_o think_v that_o these_o be_v the_o great_a depth_n that_o any_o hill_n of_o ice_n have_v be_v observe_v to_o attain_v that_o mention_v by_o the_o hollander_n reach_v 36._o fathom_n beneath_o the_o water_n and_o that_o mention_v by_o captain_n james_n no_o less_o than_o 40._o fathom_n yet_o i_o find_v in_o mr._n hudsons_n voyage_n that_o the_o english_a in_o the_o bay_n that_o bear_v his_o name_n meet_v with_o more_o than_o one_o or_o two_o island_n of_o ice_n of_o a_o fargreat_a depth_n underwater_n for_o among_o other_o thing_n the_o relator_n have_v this_o memorable_a passage_n in_o this_o bay_n where_o we_o be_v thus_o trouble_v with_o ice_n we_o see_v many_o of_o those_o mountain_n of_o ice_n a_o ground_n in_o six_o or_o seven_o score_n fathom_n water_n and_o if_o the_o sea_n have_v be_v deep_a enough_o even_o these_o stupendous_a mole_n of_o ice_n will_v probable_o have_v sink_v much_o low_o and_o so_o have_v lessen_v the_o height_n of_o the_o mountain_n 11._o i_o know_v that_o deliver_v the_o measure_n of_o the_o expansion_n of_o water_n alone_o i_o have_v not_o say_v all_o that_o may_v be_v say_v about_o the_o expansion_n of_o liquor_n but_o because_o as_o it_o have_v not_o yet_o appear_v to_o i_o that_o any_o liquor_n be_v expanded_a by_o cold_a unless_o by_o actual_a freeze_a i_o doubt_v whether_o aqueous_a liquor_n as_o wine_n milk_n urine_n etc._n etc._n be_v otherwise_o expanded_a by_o congelation_n then_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o the_o water_n or_o phlegmatic_a and_o in_o a_o strict_a sense_n congealable_a part_v contain_v in_o they_o and_o whether_o it_o be_v worth_a while_n for_o a_o man_n in_o haste_n to_o examine_v their_o particular_a expansion_n notwithstanding_o which_o i_o will_v not_o discourage_v any_o from_o try_v whether_o or_o no_o by_o the_o differ_a dilatation_n of_o aqueous_a liquor_n some_o of_o they_o of_o the_o same_o and_o some_o of_o they_o of_o differ_v kind_n we_o may_v be_v assist_v to_o make_v any_o estimate_n of_o the_o differ_a proportion_n they_o contain_v of_o phlegm_n and_o of_o more_o spirituous_a or_o useful_a ingredient_n 12._o after_o what_o have_v be_v hitherto_o deliver_v concern_v the_o expansion_n of_o liquor_n by_o cold_a it_o may_v be_v expect_v we_o shall_v say_v something_o of_o the_o measure_n of_o their_o contraction_n by_o the_o same_o quality_n but_o as_o for_o water_n which_o be_v the_o principal_a liquor_n who_o dimension_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v i_o have_v former_o declare_v that_o i_o can_v seldom_o or_o never_o find_v its_o contraction_n in_o the_o winter_n season_n when_o i_o try_v it_o to_o be_v at_o all_o considerable_a and_o i_o shall_v now_o add_v that_o have_v for_o great_a certainty_n procure_v the_o experiment_n to_o be_v make_v by_o another_o also_o in_o a_o bolthead_n the_o account_n i_o receive_v of_o it_o be_v that_o he_o can_v scarce_o discern_v the_o water_n in_o the_o stem_n to_o fall_v beneath_o its_o station_n mark_v at_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o pipe_n when_o the_o water_n in_o the_o ball_n be_v so_o far_o infrigidate_v as_o to_o begin_v to_o freeze_v though_o i_o will_v not_o deny_v that_o in_o warm_a climate_n as_o italy_n or_o spain_n the_o contraction_n of_o the_o water_n a_o little_a before_o glaciation_n begin_v may_v be_v somewhat_o considerable_a especial_o if_o the_o experiment_n be_v make_v in_o summer_n or_o in_o case_n either_o there_o or_o here_o the_o water_n expose_v to_o freeze_v be_v put_v into_o a_o vessel_n very_o advantageous_o shape_v or_o bring_v out_o of_o some_o warm_a chamber_n or_o other_o place_n where_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o air_n that_o surround_v it_o have_v rarify_v it_o but_o to_o examine_v the_o measure_n of_o contraction_n in_o the_o several_a liquor_n and_o with_o the_o nice_a observation_n that_o such_o a_o work_n to_o be_v accurate_o prosecure_v will_v require_v will_v have_v take_v up_o much_o more_o of_o my_o time_n then_o i_o be_v willing_a to_o employ_v about_o a_o work_n which_o i_o look_v not_o on_o as_o important_a enough_o to_o deserve_v it_o and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v here_o add_v nothing_o to_o what_o i_o have_v say_v under_o the_o title_n of_o the_o degree_n of_o cold_a touch_v the_o contraction_n of_o spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o of_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n by_o the_o differ_a degree_n of_o that_o quality_n and_o as_o for_o the_o condensation_n of_o air_n the_o vast_a fluid_n we_o deal_v with_o i_o do_v indeed_o think_v fit_a to_o measure_v how_o much_o cold_a condense_n it_o but_o the_o account_n of_o that_o experiment_n will_v be_v more_o opportune_o deliver_v in_o air._n one_o of_o the_o follow_a discourse_n title_n xi_o experiment_n touch_v the_o expansive_a force_n of_o freeze_a water_n 1._o have_v show_v that_o there_o be_v a_o expansion_n make_v of_o water_n and_o aqueous_a body_n by_o congelation_n let_v we_o now_o examine_v how_o strong_a this_o expansion_n be_v and_o the_o rather_o because_o no_o body_n have_v yet_o that_o we_o know_v of_o make_v any_o particular_a trial_n on_o purpose_n to_o make_v discovery_n in_o this_o matter_n so_o that_o although_o some_o unhappy_a accident_n have_v keep_v our_o experiment_n from_o be_v as_o accurate_a as_o we_o design_v and_o as_o god_n assist_v we_o may_v hereafter_o make_v they_o yet_o at_o least_o we_o shall_v show_v this_o expansion_n to_o be_v more_o forcible_a then_o have_v hitherto_o be_v common_o take_v notice_n of_o and_o assist_v man_n to_o make_v a_o somewhat_o less_o uncertain_a estimate_n of_o the_o force_n of_o it_o than_o they_o seem_v to_o have_v yet_o endeavour_v to_o enable_v themselves_o to_o make_v 2._o and_o 1._o we_o shall_v mention_v some_o experiment_n that_o do_v in_o general_a show_n that_o the_o expansion_n of_o freeze_a water_n be_v considerable_o strong_a we_o take_v a_o new_a pewter-bottle_n capable_a to_o contain_v as_o we_o guess_v about_o half_a a_o pint_n of_o water_n and_o have_v fill_v it_o top_n full_a with_o that_o liquor_n we_o screw_v on_o the_o stopple_n and_o expose_v it_o during_o
a_o very_a frosty_a night_n to_o the_o cold_a air_n and_o the_o next_o morning_n the_o water_n appear_v to_o have_v burst_v the_o bottle_n though_o its_o matter_n be_v metalline_a and_o though_o purposely_o for_o this_o trial_n we_o have_v choose_v it_o quite_o new_a the_o crack_n appear_v to_o be_v in_o the_o very_a substance_n of_o the_o pewter_n this_o experiment_n we_o repeat_v and_o it_o be_v one_o of_o those_o bottle_n fill_v with_o ice_n that_o have_v crack_v it_o which_o a_o noble_a virtuoso_fw-la will_v needs_o make_v i_o who_o shall_v else_o have_v scruple_v to_o amuse_v with_o such_o a_o trifle_n so_o great_a a_o monarch_n and_o so_o great_a a_o virtuoso_fw-la bring_v to_o his_o majesty_n to_o satisfy_v he_o by_o the_o wideness_n of_o the_o crack_n and_o the_o protuberance_n of_o the_o ice_n that_o show_v itself_o in_o it_o that_o the_o water_n have_v be_v real_o expanded_a by_o congelation_n 3._o we_o also_o try_v whether_o or_o no_o a_o much_o small_a quantity_n of_o water_n will_v not_o if_o freeze_a have_v the_o like_a effect_n and_o according_o fill_v with_o about_o a_o ounce_n of_o water_n a_o screw_v pewter_n box_n such_o as_o many_o use_n to_o keep_v treacle_n &_o salve_n in_o quite_o new_a and_o of_o a_o considerable_a thickness_n we_o find_v that_o upon_o the_o freeze_a of_o the_o include_v water_n the_o vessel_n be_v very_o much_o burst_v afterward_o fill_v a_o quart_n bottle_n if_o i_o mistake_v not_o the_o capacity_n with_o a_o congealable_a liquor_n and_o tie_v down_o the_o cork_n very_o hard_o with_o strong_a packthread_n we_o find_v that_o the_o frost_n make_v the_o liquor_n force_n out_o the_o stopple_n in_o spite_n of_o all_o the_o care_n we_o have_v take_v to_o keep_v it_o down_o but_o afterward_o we_o so_o well_o fasten_v a_o cork_n to_o the_o neck_n of_o a_o quart_n bottle_n of_o glass_n that_o it_o be_v easy_a for_o the_o congeal_a liquor_n to_o break_v the_o vessel_n then_o to_o thrust_v out_o the_o stopple_n and_o have_v for_o a_o great_a many_o hour_n expose_v this_o to_o a_o exceed_o sharp_a air_n we_o find_v at_o length_n the_o bottle_n burst_v although_o it_o be_v so_o thick_a and_o strong_a that_o we_o be_v invite_v to_o measure_v the_o breadth_n of_o the_o side_n and_o find_v that_o the_o thin_a place_n where_o it_o be_v break_v by_o the_o ice_n be_v 3_o 16_o of_o a_o inch_n and_o the_o thick_a ⅜_n that_o be_v twice_o as_o much_o 〈◊〉_d we_o also_o by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o frost_n break_v a_o earthen_a bottle_n of_o strong_a flanders_n metal_n of_o which_o the_o thin_a part_n that_o be_v break_v be_v equal_a by_o measure_n to_o the_o thin_a part_n of_o the_o other_o 4._o but_o the_o above_o mention_v instance_n serve_v only_o to_o declare_v in_o general_a that_o the_o expansion_n of_o water_n by_o cold_a be_v very_o forcible_a i_o think_v fit_a to_o attempt_v the_o reduce_n of_o the_o matter_n somewhat_o near_o a_o estimate_n less_o remote_a from_o be_v determinate_a and_o because_o the_o water_n expose_v to_o congelation_n may_v be_v probable_o suppose_v to_o be_v homogeneous_a we_o judge_v that_o the_o quantity_n of_o it_o may_v very_o much_o vary_v its_o degree_n of_o force_n and_o because_o some_o may_v suspect_v that_o the_o figure_n also_o may_v not_o be_v inconsiderable_a in_o this_o matter_n we_o think_v fit_a to_o make_v our_o trial_n in_o a_o brass_n vessel_n who_o cavity_n be_v cylindrical_a and_o which_o to_o make_v it_o strong_a have_v a_o orifice_n but_o at_o one_o of_o its_o end_n and_o who_o thickness_n be_v such_o that_o we_o have_v reason_n to_o expect_v that_o while_o the_o top_n remain_v cover_v but_o with_o a_o reasonable_a weight_n the_o include_v water_n will_v find_v it_o more_o easy_a to_o lift_v up_o that_o weight_n then_o break_v the_o side_n to_o this_o cylinder_n we_o fit_v a_o cover_n of_o the_o same_o metal_n that_o be_v flat_a and_o go_v a_o little_a way_n into_o the_o cavity_n lean_v also_o upon_o the_o edge_n of_o the_o side_n for_o the_o more_o close_a stop_n of_o the_o orifice_n the_o cavity_n of_o this_o cylinder_n be_v in_o length_n about_o five_o inch_n and_o in_o breadth_n about_o a_o inch_n and_o three_o quarter_n this_o cylinder_n be_v fill_v top_n full_a with_o water_n and_o the_o cover_n be_v careful_o put_v on_o be_v fasten_v into_o a_o iron_n frame_n that_o hold_v it_o erect_v and_o allow_v we_o to_o place_v a_o iron_n weight_n amount_v to_o 56._o pound_n or_o half_o a_o hundred_o of_o common_a english_a weight_n which_o circumstance_n i_o mention_v because_o the_o common_a hundred_o that_o our_o carrier_n &_o c._n use_n exceed_v five_o score_n by_o twelve_o but_o this_o vessel_n be_v expose_v in_o a_o frosty_a night_n to_o the_o cold_a air_n the_o contain_v water_n do_v not_o the_o next_o morning_n appear_v to_o be_v freeze_v and_o the_o trial_n be_v another_o time_n that_o way_n repeat_v with_o no_o better_a success_n as_o if_o either_o the_o thickness_n or_o clearness_n of_o the_o metal_n have_v break_v the_o violence_n of_o the_o external_a air_n frigefactive_a power_n or_o the_o weight_n that_o oppress_v the_o cover_n have_v hinder_v that_o expansion_n of_o the_o water_n which_o be_v wont_a to_o accompany_v its_o glaciation_n wherefore_o we_o think_v it_o requisite_a to_o apply_v to_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o vessel_n a_o mixture_n of_o salt_n with_o ice_n or_o snow_n as_o that_o which_o we_o have_v observe_v to_o introduce_v a_o high_a degree_n of_o cold_a than_o the_o air_n alone_o even_o in_o very_o frosty_a night_n and_o though_o this_o way_n itself_o the_o glaciation_n proceed_v very_o slow_o and_o sometime_o scarce_o at_o all_o yet_o at_o length_n we_o find_v that_o the_o water_n be_v by_o this_o mean_v bring_v so_o far_o to_o freeze_v that_o on_o the_o morrow_n the_o ice_n have_v on_o one_o side_n swell_v above_o the_o top_n of_o the_o cylinder_n and_o by_o lift_v the_o cover_n on_o that_o side_n have_v throw_v down_o the_o incumbent_a weight_n but_o in_o this_o trial_n the_o cover_n have_v be_v uniform_o or_o every_o where_o lift_v up_o above_o the_o upper_a orifice_n of_o the_o cylinder_n we_o repeat_v the_o experiment_n divers_a time_n as_o we_o can_v get_v opportunity_n sometime_o with_o success_n and_o sometime_o without_o it_o and_o of_o one_o of_o the_o chief_a of_o our_o experiment_n of_o this_o sort_n we_o find_v the_o follow_a account_n among_o our_o collection_n 5._o the_o hollow_a brass_n weight_n be_v about_o one_o inch_n and_o thou_o quarter_n in_o diameter_n and_o the_o brass_n cover_v put_v on_o be_v load_v with_o a_o weight_n of_o 56._o pound_n upon_o the_o cover_n and_o expose_v to_o a_o excessive_o sharp_a night_n the_o next_o morning_n the_o cover_n and_o the_o weight_n be_v find_v visible_o lift_v up_o though_o not_o above_o that_o we_o can_v discern_v a_o small_a barley-corn_n breadth_n but_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o brass_n cover_n be_v not_o here_o estimate_v which_o be_v much_o less_o than_o half_a a_o inch_n which_o according_a to_o former_a observation_n one_o may_v expect_v to_o see_v the_o ice_n ascend_v but_o that_o which_o we_o take_v particular_a notice_n of_o be_v that_o the_o enclose_a cylinder_n of_o ice_n be_v by_o a_o gentle_a thaw_n of_o the_o superficial_a part_n take_v out_o appear_v so_o full_a of_o bubble_n as_o to_o be_v thereby_o make_v opacous_a also_o when_o in_o the_o morning_n the_o cylinder_n be_v bring_v into_o my_o chamber_n before_o the_o fire_n be_v make_v the_o 56._o pound_n weight_n be_v new_o take_v off_o at_o a_o little_a hole_n that_o seem_v to_o be_v between_o the_o edge_n of_o the_o brass_n and_o ice_n there_o come_v out_o a_o great_a many_o drop_n of_o water_n dilate_v into_o numerous_a bubble_n and_o reduce_v into_o a_o kind_n of_o sroth_n as_o if_o upon_o the_o removal_n of_o the_o oppress_a weight_n the_o bubble_n of_o the_o water_n have_v get_v liberty_n to_o expand_v themselves_o but_o this_o last_v but_o a_o very_a little_a 6._o after_o this_o the_o difficulty_n we_o have_v often_o meet_v with_o in_o the_o place_n of_o great_a weight_n convenient_o upon_o the_o cover_n of_o a_o cylinder_n and_o the_o expectation_n we_o have_v to_o find_v the_o quantity_n of_o the_o water_n we_o make_v use_v of_o capable_a upon_o its_o congelation_n to_o lift_v up_o a_o much_o great_a weight_n invite_v we_o to_o make_v trial_n of_o its_o expansive_a force_n by_o some_o what_o a_o differ_a way_n which_o be_v to_o fit_v a_o wooden_a plug_n to_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o cylinder_n after_o we_o have_v suffer_v it_o to_o soak_v a_o convenient_a time_n in_o water_n that_o swell_v as_o much_o as_o it_o will_v before_o it_o may_v be_v make_v to_o swell_v no_o more_o by_o the_o water_n which_o will_v lie_v contiguous_a
examine_v this_o have_v take_v a_o piece_n of_o ice_n we_o do_v not_o find_v upon_o trial_n that_o i_o partly_o make_v myself_o and_o partly_o cause_v in_o my_o presence_n to_o be_v make_v by_o other_o that_o if_o a_o man_n eye_n be_v close_o shut_v he_o can_v certain_o discern_v the_o approach_n of_o a_o moderate_o size_v piece_n of_o ice_n though_o hold_v never_o so_o near_o his_o finger_n end_n nay_o which_o be_v more_o considerable_a have_v have_v the_o curiosity_n to_o make_v the_o trial_n with_o one_o of_o those_o very_a sensible_a thermoscope_n i_o have_v former_o mention_v wherein_o a_o pendulous_a drop_n of_o liquor_n play_v up_o and_o down_o in_o a_o slender_a pipe_n i_o find_v that_o by_o hold_v it_o very_o near_o to_o little_a mass_n of_o snow_n somewhat_o compact_v too_o the_o movable_a drop_n do_v not_o betray_v any_o manifest_a operation_n of_o so_o cold_a a_o neighbour_a body_n but_o if_o the_o glass_n be_v make_v to_o touch_v the_o snow_n the_o effect_n will_v then_o be_v notable_a by_o the_o hasty_a descent_n of_o the_o pendulous_a drop_n or_o its_o motion_n towards_o the_o obtuse_a part_n of_o the_o instrument_n in_o case_n that_o be_v not_o perpendicular_o but_o lateral_o apply_v to_o the_o snowy_a lump_n but_o this_o languidness_n of_o operation_n may_v perhaps_o proceed_v in_o great_a part_n from_o the_o smallness_n of_o the_o piece_n of_o ice_n that_o be_v employ_v for_o hear_v of_o a_o merchant_n that_o have_v make_v divers_a observation_n about_o cold_a in_o greenland_n i_o desire_v by_o the_o mediation_n of_o a_o very_a learned_a friend_n to_o be_v inform_v whether_o or_o no_o in_o the_o night_n they_o can_v perceive_v those_o vast_a heap_n or_o rather_o mountain_n of_o ice_n that_o be_v wont_a to_o float_v up_o and_o down_o in_o that_o sea_n by_o any_o new_a and_o manifest_a accession_n of_o cold_a and_o be_v inform_v by_o way_n of_o answer_n to_o that_o question_n that_o be_v at_o sea_n they_o can_v know_v the_o approach_n of_o ice_n as_o well_o by_o the_o increase_n of_o cold_a as_o by_o the_o glare_a light_n which_o the_o air_n seem_v to_o receive_v from_o the_o neighbour_a ice_n 3._o but_o that_o which_o make_v i_o suspect_v that_o there_o may_v in_o this_o account_n be_v some_o mistake_n be_v that_o i_o have_v not_o yet_o meet_v with_o any_o like_a observation_n in_o any_o of_o the_o voyage_n into_o gelid_a climate_n that_o i_o have_v have_v occasion_n to_o peruse_v though_o in_o some_o of_o they_o the_o navigator_n frequent_o mention_v their_o have_v meet_v with_o vast_a rand_n as_o some_o call_v they_o and_o island_n of_o mountainous_a ice_n in_o the_o night_n and_o it_o be_v as_o i_o remember_v the_o complaint_n of_o one_o or_o two_o if_o not_o more_o of_o they_o that_o the_o ship_n lie_v close_o by_o such_o vast_a piece_n of_o ice_n without_o their_o be_v aware_a of_o it_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o fog_n by_o which_o it_o seem_v that_o there_o be_v no_o sensible_a cold_a diffuse_v to_o any_o considerable_a distance_n whereby_o they_o may_v be_v advertise_v of_o the_o unwelcome_a neighbourhood_n even_o of_o so_o much_o ice_n but_o possible_o the_o approach_n of_o far_o small_a mass_n of_o ice_n will_v have_v be_v sensible_a to_o they_o in_o such_o a_o climate_n as_o we_o where_o the_o organ_n will_v not_o have_v be_v indispose_v to_o feel_v by_o a_o long_a accustomance_n of_o any_o thing_n near_o so_o intense_a a_o degree_n of_o cold_a as_o that_o which_o then_o reign_v in_o those_o northern_a sea_n 4._o while_o we_o be_v consider_v the_o difference_n betwixt_o the_o operation_n of_o even_o the_o cold_a body_n at_o the_o very_a near_a distance_n and_o upon_o immediate_a contact_n we_o think_v it_o a_o experiment_n not_o altogether_o unworthy_a to_o be_v try_v whether_o though_o ice_n and_o snow_n alone_o that_o be_v unassisted_a by_o salt_n will_v not_o in_o some_o of_o our_o former_o mention_a experiment_n freeze_v water_n through_o the_o thickness_n even_o of_o a_o thin_a glass_n they_o may_v not_o yet_o do_v it_o when_o the_o water_n be_v immediate_o contiguous_a to_o they_o and_o i_o remember_v that_o we_o take_v a_o convenient_o shape_a glass_n and_o have_v freeze_v the_o contain_v water_n for_o some_o hour_n from_o the_o bottom_n upward_o till_o the_o ice_n be_v grow_v to_o be_v of_o a_o considerable_a thickness_n we_o mark_v what_o part_n of_o the_o glass_n be_v possess_v by_o the_o unfrozen_a water_n and_o then_o remove_v the_o vessel_n to_o a_o little_a distance_n from_o the_o snow_n and_o salt_n it_o stand_v in_o before_o we_o let_v it_o 〈◊〉_d there_o to_o try_v whether_o the_o ice_n will_v freeze_v any_o part_n of_o the_o contiguous_a and_o incumbent_a water_n but_o some_o intervening_a accident_n hinder_v we_o from_o be_v able_a to_o derive_v any_o great_a satisfaction_n one_o way_n or_o other_o from_o our_o trial_n 5._o wherefore_o we_o shall_v add_v by_o way_n v._n of_o compensation_n that_o the_o diligent_a olearius_n relate_v that_o at_o ispahan_n the_o capital_a city_n of_o persia_n though_o it_o be_v seat_v in_o a_o very_a hot_a climate_n and_o though_o it_o seldom_o freeze_v there_o above_o a_o finger_n thick_a and_o the_o ice_n melt_v present_o at_o sunrising_n yet_o the_o inhabitant_n have_v conservatory_n which_o they_o furnish_v with_o solid_a piece_n of_o ice_n of_o a_o good_a thickness_n only_o by_o pour_v at_o night_n great_a store_n of_o water_n at_o convenient_a interval_n of_o time_n upon_o a_o shelve_v floor_n of_o freestone_n or_o marble_n whereon_o as_o the_o water_n run_v over_o it_o the_o most_o dispose_v of_o its_o part_n be_v in_o their_o passage_n arrest_v and_o freeze_v by_o the_o contiguous_a ice_n which_o by_o this_o mean_n say_v my_o learned_a author_n may_v be_v bring_v in_o two_o or_o three_o successive_a night_n to_o a_o very_a considerable_a thickness_n 6._o we_o several_a time_n give_v order_n to_o have_v this_o experiment_n try_v in_o england_n but_o partly_o through_o the_o negligence_n of_o those_o we_o employ_v and_o partly_o upon_o the_o score_n of_o intervening_a circumstance_n our_o expectation_n be_v but_o ill_o answer_v and_o in_o this_o case_n i_o mention_v intervening_a circumstance_n because_o have_v cause_v a_o servant_n to_o pump_v in_o the_o night_n upon_o a_o not_o very_o thin_a plate_n of_o ice_n that_o be_v lay_v shelve_v upon_o a_o board_n and_o another_o flat_a piece_n of_o ice_n be_v about_o the_o same_o time_n lay_v under_o a_o place_n where_o water_n derive_v from_o a_o neighbour_a spring_n be_v wont_n continual_o to_o drop_v he_o bring_v i_o word_n that_o not_o only_o in_o this_o last_o name_v place_n the_o ice_n melt_v away_o but_o that_o under_o the_o pump_n instead_o of_o increase_v in_o thickness_n by_o the_o water_n run_v over_o it_o it_o be_v thereby_o rather_o dissolve_v at_o which_o somewhat_o wonder_v i_o go_v in_o the_o morning_n myself_o to_o the_o pump_n and_o cause_v a_o good_a flake_n of_o ice_n to_o be_v in_o a_o convenient_a posture_n place_v under_o it_o i_o observe_v the_o water_n as_o it_o come_v out_o of_o the_o pump_n and_o be_v fall_v on_o the_o ice_n to_o smoke_n as_o if_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o well_o have_v make_v the_o water_n though_o very_o cold_a to_o the_o touch_n somewhat_o warm_a in_o comparison_n of_o the_o ice_n and_o thereby_o fit_a to_o resolve_v then_o to_o increase_v it_o which_o inconvenience_n may_v be_v prevent_v by_o suffer_v the_o water_n of_o deep_a spring_n and_o well_n to_o stand_v to_o cool_v in_o the_o air_n before_o it_o be_v put_v to_o the_o ice_n and_o this_o though_o the_o neighbour_a air_n be_v as_o i_o find_v by_o manifest_a proof_n so_o cold_a that_o i_o be_v not_o tempt_v to_o impute_v the_o unsuccesfulness_n of_o the_o experiment_n rather_o to_o its_o want_n of_o a_o sufficient_a coldness_n than_o the_o water_n so_o that_o till_o i_o have_v a_o opportunity_n of_o make_v a_o further_a trial_n i_o can_v 〈◊〉_d more_o to_o the_o persian_a way_n of_o augment_v ice_n but_o to_o proceed_v our_o have_v meet_v with_o but_o a_o unsatisfactory_a account_n of_o this_o experiment_n which_o we_o be_v the_o more_o trouble_v at_o because_o this_o seem_v a_o promise_a way_n of_o try_v that_o which_o otherwise_o be_v not_o so_o easy_o reduce_v to_o experiment_n for_o the_o temperature_n of_o the_o air_n must_v be_v serious_o consider_v in_o assign_v the_o cause_n of_o divers_a trial_n that_o may_v be_v make_v for_o the_o resolve_v of_o the_o same_o question_n for_o to_o omit_v other_o example_n here_o in_o england_n we_o find_v that_o water_n pour_v on_o snow_n be_v wont_a to_o hasten_v the_o dissolution_n of_o it_o and_o not_o to_o be_v congeal_v by_o it_o whereas_o have_v inquire_v of_o a_o ingenious_a person_n that_o live_v a_o good_a while_n among_o the_o russian_n
a_o glass_n tube_n thrust_v into_o the_o ground_n yet_o it_o seem_v that_o at_o least_o where_o captain_n james_n winter_v the_o water_n be_v not_o much_o above_o half_a so_o thick_o freeze_v as_o the_o earth_n but_o we_o have_v already_o note_v the_o indisposition_n of_o salt-water_n to_o congelation_n and_o whether_o fresh_a water_n will_v not_o have_v be_v deep_o freeze_v may_v be_v just_o doubt_v title_n fourteen_o experiment_n touch_v the_o differ_a medium_n through_o which_o cold_a may_v be_v diffuse_v 1._o in_o examine_v whether_o cold_a may_v be_v diffuse_v through_o all_o medium_n indefinite_o notwithstanding_o their_o compactness_n or_o the_o closeness_n of_o their_o texture_n we_o must_v have_v a_o care_v not_o to_o make_v our_o trial_n with_o medium_n of_o too_o great_a thickness_n lest_o we_o mistake_o impute_v that_o to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o medium_fw-la which_o be_v indeed_o cause_v by_o the_o distance_n which_o the_o medium_fw-la put_v betwixt_o the_o agent_n and_o the_o patient_n for_o the_o mixture_n of_o ice_n and_o snow_n wherewith_o we_o make_v our_o experiment_n will_v operate_v but_o at_o a_o very_a small_a distance_n though_o the_o medium_fw-la resist_v no_o more_o than_o the_o common_a air_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o some_o of_o the_o experiment_n record_v in_o this_o treatise_n this_o premised_a we_o may_v proceed_v to_o relate_v that_o have_v place_v a_o copious_a mixture_n of_o ice_n and_o salt_n in_o pipkin_n glaze_v within_o and_o in_o white_a basin_n glaze_v both_o within_o and_o without_o we_o observe_v that_o the_o outside_n of_o both_o those_o sort_n of_o vessel_n be_v crust_v over_o with_o ice_n though_o however_o the_o bake_a earth_n have_v not_o be_v compact_v nor_o the_o vitrified_a surface_n of_o a_o very_a close_a texture_n the_o very_a thickness_n of_o the_o vessel_n be_v so_o great_a that_o it_o seem_v it_o will_v scarce_o have_v be_v able_a to_o freeze_v at_o a_o great_a distance_n 2._o by_o the_o experiment_n former_o mention_v of_o freeze_a water_n in_o pewter_n bottle_n it_o appear_v that_o cold_a be_v able_a to_o operate_v through_o such_o mettalline_a vessel_n 3._o and_o this_o may_v be_v somewhat_o confirm_v by_o one_o of_o the_o pretty_a experiment_n that_o be_v to_o be_v perform_v by_o the_o help_n of_o cold_a namely_o the_o make_v icy_a cup_n to_o drink_v in_o the_o way_n we_o use_v be_v this_o we_o cause_v to_o be_v make_v a_o cup_n of_o latin_a by_o which_o i_o mean_v iron_n reduce_v into_o thin_a plate_n and_o tin_a over_o on_o both_o side_n of_o the_o shape_n and_o bigness_n i_o intend_v to_o have_v the_o cup_n of_o then_o i_o cause_v to_o be_v make_v of_o the_o same_o matter_n another_o cup_n of_o the_o same_o shape_n with_o the_o former_a but_o every_o way_n less_o so_o that_o it_o will_v go_v into_o the_o great_a and_o leave_v a_o competent_a interval_n for_o water_n betwixt_o its_o convex_a surface_n and_o the_o concave_n of_o the_o other_o this_o innermost_a cup_n be_v furnish_v with_o a_o rim_n or_o lip_n by_o which_o it_o lean_v upon_o the_o great_a and_o by_o who_o help_n its_o side_n and_o bottom_n be_v easy_o place_v at_o a_o just_a and_o even_a distance_n from_o the_o side_n and_o bottom_n of_o the_o other_o but_o the_o distance_n between_o the_o two_o bottom_n be_v make_v great_a then_o that_o between_o the_o side_n that_o the_o icy_a cup_n may_v stand_v the_o firm_a and_o last_v the_o long_o the_o interval_n between_o the_o two_o part_n of_o this_o mould_n be_v fill_v with_o water_n and_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o internal_a cup_n be_v fill_v with_o a_o mixture_n of_o ice_n and_o salt_n partly_o to_o freeze_v the_o contiguous_a water_n and_o thereby_o cooperate_v to_o the_o quick_a make_n of_o the_o cup_n and_o partly_o by_o its_o weight_n to_o keep_v the_o water_n from_o buoy_v up_o so_o light_a a_o cup_n the_o external_a part_n be_v surround_v with_o ice_n and_o salt_n who_o cold_a so_o powerful_o penetrate_v to_o the_o internal_a metalline_a mould_n that_o the_o water_n be_v quick_o freeze_v and_o the_o part_n of_o the_o mould_n be_v disjoin_v appear_v turn_v into_o a_o icy_a cup_n of_o the_o bigness_n and_o figure_n design_v and_o these_o cup_n be_v easy_o to_o be_v make_v and_o of_o various_a shape_n and_o that_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o summer_n if_o snow_n or_o ice_n be_v at_o hand_n be_v very_o pleasant_a trifle_n especial_o in_o hot_a weather_n when_o they_o impart_v a_o very_a refresh_a coolness_n to_o the_o drink_n pour_v into_o they_o and_o though_o they_o last_v not_o long_o especial_o if_o they_o be_v employ_v to_o drink_v wine_n and_o such_o like_a spirituous_a drink_n in_o yet_o while_o some_o be_v melt_v other_o may_v be_v provide_v and_o so_o the_o loss_n may_v be_v easy_o repair_v all_o the_o difficulty_n we_o meet_v with_o be_v to_o disjoin_v the_o part_n of_o the_o mould_n which_o be_v wont_a to_o stick_v very_o fast_o to_o the_o ice_n they_o include_v and_o we_o try_v to_o obviate_v this_o sometime_o by_o anoint_v the_o inside_n of_o the_o mould_n with_o some_o unctuous_a and_o not_o offensive_a matter_n to_o hinder_v the_o adhesion_n of_o the_o ice_n and_o sometime_o by_o apply_v some_o convenient_a heat_n both_o to_o the_o convex_a part_n of_o the_o external_a and_o the_o concave_a part_n of_o the_o internal_a piece_n of_o the_o mould_n which_o last_o mention_v way_n be_v quick_a and_o sure_a but_o lessen_v the_o durableness_n of_o the_o cup._n we_o be_v late_o inform_v that_o this_o way_n of_o make_v cup_n of_o ice_n be_v set_v down_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d argenis_n and_o it_o be_v like_a enough_o that_o 〈◊〉_d man_n may_v have_v learn_v it_o among_o some_o of_o the_o virtuoso_n of_o italy_n he_o converse_v with_o but_o if_o we_o that_o learn_v it_o from_o none_o of_o they_o have_v not_o be_v teach_v it_o by_o experience_n we_o shall_v scarce_o have_v venture_v to_o try_v it_o upon_o the_o credit_n of_o a_o romance_n that_o sort_n of_o composure_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v fabulous_a enough_o to_o pass_v but_o for_o poem_n in_o prose_n 4._o the_o learned_a and_o industrious_a mathematician_n erasmus_n bartholinus_n mention_n in_o his_o new_o publish_v discourse_n de_fw-fr figura_fw-la 〈◊〉_d a_o experiment_n by_o which_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o some_o master_n of_o nature_n secret_n do_v easy_o even_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o heat_n reduce_v water_n into_o air._n for_o they_o put_v a_o little_a snow_n or_o ice_n into_o a_o funnel_n and_o thereby_o so_o refrigerate_v and_o condense_a the_o ambient_fw-la air_n that_o there_o will_v dew_n trickle_v down_o the_o side_n of_o the_o funnel_n by_o which_o mean_v it_o have_v be_v say_v that_o some_o ingenious_a man_n have_v hope_v to_o make_v a_o artificial_a fountain_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o summer_n but_o i_o here_o mention_v this_o experiment_n rather_o because_o it_o be_v not_o unlikely_a to_o please_v those_o to_o who_o it_o be_v new_a and_o because_o have_v purposely_o try_v it_o in_o large_a and_o thick_a funnel_n of_o glass_n it_o may_v be_v pertinent_o enough_o deliver_v in_o this_o place_n where_o we_o be_v treat_v of_o the_o transmission_n or_o propagation_n of_o cold_a through_o close_a and_o thick_a medium_n then_o because_o we_o expect_v to_o make_v of_o it_o that_o use_v especial_o that_o oeconomical_a use_n that_o have_v be_v late_o intimate_v for_o first_o it_o will_v be_v very_o hard_a to_o prove_v that_o it_o be_v the_o very_a air_n itself_o and_o not_o rather_o the_o vapour_n swim_v in_o it_o that_o be_v by_o this_o mean_v transmute_v into_o water_n and_o second_o it_o be_v true_a indeed_o that_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n will_v condense_a vapour_n on_o the_o outside_n of_o a_o funnel_n but_o either_o they_o that_o hope_v to_o make_v this_o use_n of_o the_o experiment_n have_v little_a experience_n of_o it_o and_o write_v conjectural_o or_o else_o they_o have_v make_v it_o with_o a_o success_n very_o differ_v from_o we_o for_o though_o we_o employ_v a_o large_a funnel_n and_o suspend_v it_o by_o a_o string_n artificial_o enough_o tie_v about_o it_o in_o the_o free_a air_n and_o though_o the_o mixture_n of_o ice_n and_o salt_n we_o put_v in_o be_v sufficient_o infrigidate_v as_o will_v appear_v by_o and_o by_o and_o far_o more_o so_o then_o ice_n or_o snow_n alone_o will_v have_v be_v yet_o that_o mixture_n be_v not_o able_a to_o condense_a the_o vaporous_a part_n of_o the_o air_n into_o dew_n much_o if_o at_o all_o long_o than_o the_o mutual_a dissolution_n of_o the_o salt_n and_o snow_n last_v the_o liquor_n that_o be_v this_o way_n obtain_v and_o drop_v down_o at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o funnel_n who_o internal_a perforation_n ought_v to_o be_v careful_o stop_v lest_o any_o of_o the_o resolve_a snow_n and_o salt_n shall_v fall_v through_o
and_o spoil_v the_o other_o liquor_n be_v indeed_o sweet_a like_o rain_n water_n but_o so_o very_o little_a as_o well_o as_o so_o slow_o generate_v that_o it_o amount_v not_o any_o thing_n near_o to_o that_o which_o the_o snow_n employ_v and_o spoil_v to_o make_v it_o will_v have_v afford_v so_o that_o it_o may_v be_v question_v whether_o some_o cool_a liquor_n which_o can_v as_o well_o as_o this_o mixture_n condense_a the_o vapid_a air_n into_o water_n and_o who_o texture_n be_v not_o destroy_v in_o this_o operation_n as_o that_o of_o the_o snow_n be_v may_v not_o be_v more_o hopeful_o employ_v to_o obtain_v water_n from_o the_o air_n to_o which_o i_o shall_v only_o add_v this_o one_o thing_n that_o the_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n do_v turn_v the_o vapour_n that_o fasten_v themselves_o to_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o glass_n first_o into_o ice_n before_o they_o drop_v down_o in_o the_o form_n of_o water_n in_o almost_o all_o our_o trial_n of_o this_o nature_n as_o well_o in_o thick_a funnel_n as_o in_o other_o and_o thin_a glass_n 5._o that_o in_o hermetical_o seal_v glass_n a_o include_v mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n will_v freeze_v the_o vapour_n of_o the_o air_n on_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o glass_n divers_a of_o the_o experiment_n of_o the_o present_a treatise_n do_v manifest_o evince_v which_o argue_v that_o even_o so_o extreme_o close_v a_o medium_fw-la as_o glass_n be_v not_o able_a to_o hinder_v the_o transmission_n of_o cold._n and_o this_o be_v not_o superfluous_o add_v because_o in_o vessel_n not_o hermetical_o seal_v it_o may_v be_v pretend_v that_o it_o be_v the_o internal_a air_n that_o communicate_v its_o coldness_n by_o some_o unheeded_a but_o immediate_a intercourse_n with_o the_o external_a after_o this_o we_o think_v it_o worth_a a_o experiment_n to_o try_v whether_o or_o how_o cold_n will_v be_v diffuse_v through_o a_o medium_fw-la that_o some_o will_v think_v a_o vacuum_n and_o which_o to_o other_o will_v seem_v much_o less_o dispose_v to_o assist_v the_o diffusion_n of_o cold_a then_o common_a air_n itself_o to_o compass_v this_o the_o expedient_a we_o bethink_v ourselves_o of_o be_v to_o suspend_v a_o slender_a glass_n full_a of_o water_n in_o one_o of_o the_o small_a receiver_n belong_v to_o our_o pneumatical_a engine_n and_o when_o the_o air_n be_v very_o careful_o pump_v out_o to_o bury_v the_o exhaust_a receiver_n in_o a_o copious_a and_o ready_a prepare_v mixture_n of_o ice_n and_o salt_n to_o see_v whether_o notwithstanding_o the_o withdraw_n of_o the_o medium_fw-la the_o water_n suspend_v in_o a_o kind_n of_o vacuum_n as_o to_o air_n or_o gross_a substance_n will_v yet_o be_v freeze_v by_o the_o cold._n that_o event_n of_o our_o trial_n which_o alone_o i_o find_v among_o my_o note_n be_v register_v in_o these_o term_n 6._o a_fw-la small_a pipe_n seal_v at_o one_o end_n be_v at_o the_o other_o fill_v almost_o with_o water_n and_o be_v put_v into_o a_o receiver_n consist_v of_o a_o somewhat_o long_a and_o slender_a tube_n of_o glass_n seal_v at_o one_o end_n and_o invert_v upon_o the_o engine_n plate_n than_o the_o air_n be_v careful_o exhaust_v for_o the_o pump_n be_v ply_v a_o while_n after_o no_o air_n appear_v to_o come_v forth_o in_o any_o bubble_n out_o of_o the_o receiver_n through_o the_o external_a water_n nor_o do_v the_o water_n in_o the_o small_a pipe_n within_o disclose_v any_o number_n of_o bubble_n worth_a take_v notice_n of_o then_o by_o the_o help_n of_o a_o almost_o cylindrical_a plate_n of_o iron_n beat_a ice_n and_o salt_n be_v heap_v against_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o receiver_n about_o the_o height_n to_o which_o the_o water_n in_o the_o small_a pipe_n reach_v and_o at_o length_n though_o as_o we_o all_o thought_n much_o more_o slow_o than_o such_o a_o congelation_n will_v else_o have_v be_v perform_v the_o water_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n freeze_v in_o odd_a kind_n of_o flake_n from_o the_o top_n to_o the_o bottom_n and_o the_o ice_n seem_v not_o to_o have_v any_o considerable_a number_n of_o bubble_n 7._o there_o be_v one_o experiment_n i_o have_v make_v about_o the_o transmission_n of_o cold_a through_o indispose_a medium_n which_o may_v not_o be_v unworthy_a to_o be_v here_o insert_v for_o i_o have_v once_o a_o mind_n to_o try_v whether_o a_o cold_a body_n can_v operate_v through_o a_o medium_fw-la that_o be_v as_o to_o touch_v actual_o hot_a and_o have_v its_o heat_n continual_o renew_v by_o a_o sountain_n as_o it_o be_v of_o heat_n that_o perpetual_o diffuse_v through_o it_o new_a supply_n of_o warm_a liquor_n so_o that_o the_o cold_a body_n can_v not_o here_o as_o in_o other_o case_n first_o allay_v the_o heat_n of_o the_o medium_fw-la and_o then_o lessen_v it_o more_o and_o more_o till_o it_o have_v quite_o extinguish_v it_o to_o compass_v this_o i_o have_v soon_o after_o a_o opportunity_n of_o make_v some_o trial_n present_v i_o for_o be_v at_o the_o mineral_n spring_v at_o tunbridge_n to_o drink_v those_o wholesome_a water_n for_o my_o health_n sake_n i_o soon_o accustom_v myself_o to_o drink_v they_o in_o considerable_a quantity_n very_o early_o in_o the_o morning_n when_o they_o be_v exceed_o cold_a and_o sometime_o drink_v they_o in_o bed_n as_o well_o as_o sometime_o at_o the_o springs-head_n i_o have_v the_o curiosity_n to_o observe_v whether_o in_o case_n i_o take_v they_o down_o very_o fast_o they_o will_v not_o through_o the_o warm_a muscle_n and_o outward_a part_n of_o the_o abdomen_fw-la diffuse_v a_o sensible_a coldness_n and_o upon_o more_o trial_n than_o one_o i_o find_v that_o by_o lay_v my_o warm_a hand_n on_o the_o outside_n of_o my_o belly_n i_o there_o feel_v at_o least_o as_o it_o seem_v to_o i_o a_o manifest_a and_o considerable_a degree_n of_o coldness_n and_o when_o i_o relate_v this_o to_o some_o ingenious_a person_n that_o be_v better_o acquaint_v with_o those_o spring_n than_o i_o they_o tell_v i_o that_o there_o be_v among_o those_o many_o that_o then_o resort_v to_o those_o famous_a spring_n a_o knight_n who_o name_n i_o remember_v not_o who_o disease_n be_v judge_v formidable_a the_o physician_n enjoin_v he_o to_o drink_v in_o a_o morning_n two_o or_o three_o time_n the_o quantity_n that_o afford_v i_o the_o observation_n i_o be_v relate_v and_o that_o when_o this_o knight_n have_v fill_v his_o belly_n with_o so_o much_o water_n he_o use_v mighty_o to_o complain_v of_o the_o coldness_n it_o diffuse_v through_o his_o abdomen_fw-la insomuch_o that_o he_o be_v fain_o to_o ply_v those_o part_n long_o with_o hot_a napkin_n clap_v to_o they_o one_o after_o another_o which_o yet_o as_o he_o complain_v be_v soon_o refrigerated_a by_o the_o excessive_a cold_a that_o the_o water_n diffuse_v to_o the_o outside_n of_o his_o belly_n which_o yet_o nevertheless_o be_v not_o that_o i_o can_v learn_v at_o all_o prejudice_v no_o more_o than_o i_o by_o so_o sensible_a and_o pierce_a a_o cold._n 8._o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v whether_o in_o case_n water_n be_v not_o fluid_a upon_o the_o account_n of_o a_o congenite_fw-la motion_n in_o the_o corpuscle_n it_o consist_v of_o its_o fluidness_n may_v not_o proceed_v from_o the_o agitation_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n either_o immediate_o contiguous_a to_o the_o surface_n or_o communicate_v its_o agitation_n to_o the_o water_n by_o propagation_n of_o its_o impulse_n through_o the_o vessel_n that_o interpose_v betwixt_o they_o to_o contribute_v to_o the_o clear_n of_o this_o and_o some_o other_o thing_n we_o devise_v the_o follow_a experiment_n we_o provide_v a_o glass-bubble_n of_o about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o walnut_n and_o the_o form_n almost_o of_o a_o pear_n who_o stem_n be_v purposely_o make_v crooked_a for_o the_o conveniency_n of_o suspension_n this_o be_v fill_v with_o water_n which_o be_v troublesome_a enough_o to_o be_v do_v unless_o one_o have_v the_o knack_n we_o hang_v it_o at_o one_o end_n of_o a_o thread_n who_o other_o end_n we_o pass_v through_o a_o cork_n by_o a_o perforation_n purposely_o make_v into_o which_o we_o afterward_o fasten_v the_o thread_n by_o thrust_v in_o a_o small_a peg_n to_o rivet_v it_o in_o then_o fill_v a_o glass_n not_o very_o broad_a but_o yet_o furnish_v with_o a_o mouth_n wide_a enough_o to_o receive_v the_o bubble_n with_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n such_o as_o we_o buy_v it_o at_o the_o shop_n we_o stop_v the_o orifice_n with_o the_o new_o mention_v cork_n so_o that_o the_o seal_a bubble_n hang_v at_o it_o be_v cover_v and_o every_o way_n surround_v by_o the_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n which_o be_v a_o liquor_n that_o at_o least_o in_o such_o cold_n as_o we_o here_o have_v will_v not_o freeze_v we_o place_v the_o glass_n in_o beat_a ice_n and_o salt_n and_o as_o it_o be_v bury_v it_o therein_o and_o at_o the_o end_n of_o about_o three_o
of_o five_o canon_n but_o the_o next_o passage_n be_v more_o direct_o pertinent_a to_o our_o present_a subject_n and_o be_v couch_v in_o these_o word_n about_o twelve_o of_o the_o clock_n this_o night_n it_o be_v still_o calm_a we_o find_v ourselves_o sudden_o compass_v round_o about_o with_o great_a island_n of_o ice_n which_o make_v such_o a_o hideous_a noise_n as_o be_v most_o wonderful_a so_o that_o by_o no_o mean_n we_o can_v double_v the_o same_o to_o the_o westward_o wherefore_o etc._n etc._n of_o these_o kind_n of_o icy_a thunder_n as_o some_o traveller_n call_v they_o there_o be_v divers_a instance_n to_o be_v meet_v with_o mention_v in_o the_o several_a voyage_n of_o the_o hollander_n &_o particular_o in_o those_o to_o nova_n zembla_n but_o many_o of_o those_o noise_n seem_v to_o be_v make_v by_o the_o dash_a of_o the_o great_a piece_n of_o ice_n against_o one_o another_o but_o if_o it_o happen_v when_o the_o ice_n as_o sometime_o it_o be_v say_v to_o do_v seem_v to_o cleave_v as_o it_o be_v of_o its_o own_o accord_n to_o we_o that_o live_v in_o a_o temperate_a climate_n it_o may_v be_v a_o matter_n of_o some_o dispute_n whence_o these_o loud_a rupture_n of_o ice_n may_v proceed_v for_o olaus_n magnus_n in_o the_o chapter_n above_o cite_v do_v not_o improbable_o ascribe_v they_o to_o the_o warm_a exhalation_n that_o in_o some_o place_n ascend_v out_o of_o the_o ground_n and_o i_o remember_v in_o favour_n of_o this_o opinion_n that_o i_o once_o cause_v divers_a piece_n of_o thick_a ice_n to_o be_v bring_v out_o of_o a_o cool_a place_n into_o a_o somewhat_o warm_a room_n and_o listen_v observe_v a_o noise_n to_o come_v from_o they_o as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v produce_v by_o store_n of_o little_a crack_n make_v in_o they_o but_o somewhat_o or_o other_o prevent_v i_o from_o repeat_v the_o experiment_n and_o satisfy_v myself_o about_o the_o conjecture_n but_o have_v late_o inquire_v of_o a_o intelligent_a polander_n that_o have_v travel_v much_o upon_o these_o icy_a plain_n he_o agree_v with_o our_o author_n and_o other_o as_o to_o the_o frightful_a noise_n that_o be_v produce_v by_o these_o crack_n of_o ice_n but_o affirm_v upon_o his_o own_o observation_n for_o that_o i_o particular_o inquire_v after_o that_o these_o great_a cleft_n be_v often_o make_v not_o by_o thaw_v heat_n but_o by_o excessive_a cold_a and_o that_o he_o have_v take_v notice_n of_o they_o in_o extreme_o sharp_a weather_n indeed_o we_o sometime_o observe_v that_o in_o very_o bitter_a frost_n the_o freeze_a ground_n will_v cleave_v as_o we_o elsewhere_o have_v occasion_n to_o take_v notice_n but_o whether_o that_o be_v not_o a_o different_a case_n from_o this_o or_o whether_o the_o polonian_a gentleman_n be_v not_o mistake_v or_o whether_o both_o these_o mention_a account_n of_o the_o cleave_a of_o ice_n may_v on_o different_a conjuncture_n of_o circumstance_n take_v place_n we_o leave_v to_o far_a inquiry_n there_o be_v a_o tradition_n concern_v ice_n about_o the_o famous_a volcan-hecla_a in_o island_n which_o though_o very_o believe_v among_o the_o superstitious_a vulgar_a of_o 22._o those_o part_n be_v speak_v of_o so_o slight_o by_o blefkenius_fw-la who_o be_v upon_o that_o coast_n have_v the_o curiosity_n to_o sail_v purposely_o thither_o that_o i_o think_v it_o not_o worth_a while_n to_o take_v any_o far_a notice_n of_o it_o but_o it_o be_v too_o tedious_a to_o set_v down_o in_o this_o section_n which_o the_o strangeness_n and_o variety_n of_o the_o theme_n have_v make_v so_o prolix_a already_o the_o other_o thing_n that_o may_v be_v mention_v without_o impertinency_n concern_v ice_n and_o therefore_o we_o shall_v here_o desist_v from_o so_o laborious_a a_o task_n as_o also_o omit_v the_o handle_n of_o snow_n and_o hail_n for_o though_o they_o be_v reducible_a to_o ice_n yet_o i_o shall_v at_o least_o suspend_v the_o treat_v of_o they_o partly_o because_o bartholinus_n and_o meteorologist_n have_v save_v much_o of_o my_o labour_n and_o partly_o for_o the_o reason_n new_o intimate_v so_o that_o we_o shall_v conclude_v this_o section_n as_o soon_o as_o we_o have_v take_v notice_n that_o there_o be_v yet_o somewhat_o relate_v to_o ice_n which_o be_v in_o itself_o considerable_a and_o whereof_o hitherto_o no_o experimental_a account_n appear_v to_o have_v be_v give_v what_o we_o ourselves_o have_v try_v about_o it_o may_v challenge_v to_o be_v treat_v of_o apart_o title_n xvi_o experiment_n and_o observation_n touch_v the_o duration_n of_o ice_n and_o snow_n and_o the_o destroy_n of_o they_o by_o the_o air_n and_o several_a liquor_n 1._o it_o may_v be_v a_o experiment_n as_o well_o instructive_a as_o new_a to_o determine_v what_o liquor_n dissolve_v ice_n soon_o than_o other_o and_o in_o what_o proportion_n of_o quickness_n the_o solution_n in_o the_o several_a liquor_n be_v make_v for_o man_n have_v hitherto_o content_v themselves_o to_o suspect_v in_o general_a that_o there_o be_v other_o liquor_n potential_o hot_a wherein_o ice_n will_v soon_o dissolve_v than_o it_o will_v in_o water_n but_o this_o opinion_n either_o be_v ground_v upon_o no_o experience_n at_o all_o or_o take_v up_o upon_o the_o sight_n of_o what_o happen_v to_o piece_n of_o ice_n which_o no_o care_n be_v take_v 〈◊〉_d reduce_v to_o the_o same_o bulk_n and_o figure_n no_o more_o then_o to_o measure_v attentive_o how_o long_o one_o outla_v the_o other_o we_o think_v fit_a to_o try_v if_o we_o can_v not_o bring_v this_o matter_n to_o experiment_n and_o make_v a_o determination_n in_o it_o though_o not_o exact_o true_a yet_o less_o remote_a from_o exactness_n than_o have_v be_v yet_o for_o aught_o i_o know_v so_o much_o as_o attempt_v 2._o in_o order_n to_o this_o we_o procure_v some_o bullet_n mould_v and_o have_v first_o careful_o stop_v the_o little_a crevice_n that_o be_v wont_a to_o remain_v betwixt_o the_o two_o half_n of_o the_o mould_n with_o a_o good_a close_a cement_n we_o afterward_o fill_v they_o with_o water_n and_o careful_o close_v up_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o hole_n at_o which_o the_o water_n be_v pour_v in_o and_o then_o set_v the_o mould_n to_o freeze_v in_o ice_n and_o salt_n we_o find_v it_o difficult_a enough_o to_o keep_v the_o water_n more_o or_o less_o of_o it_o from_o run_v away_o through_o some_o unperceived_a passage_n before_o the_o cold_a can_v have_v time_n by_o congeal_v it_o to_o arrest_v it_o but_o after_o a_o while_n when_o we_o have_v thus_o make_v a_o bullet_n of_o ice_n we_o find_v it_o a_o new_a and_o great_a difficulty_n to_o get_v it_o whole_a out_o of_o the_o mould_n without_o warm_v they_o for_o by_o that_o way_n we_o can_v indeed_o loosen_v the_o ice_n but_o then_o we_o can_v not_o avoid_v thaw_v it_o too_o and_o that_o most_o time_n not_o uniform_o wherefore_o we_o try_v by_o grease_v the_o inside_n of_o the_o mould_n to_o keep_v the_o ice_n from_o stick_v so_o close_o to_o they_o notwithstanding_o the_o distension_n the_o water_n suffer_v by_o its_o be_v freeze_a but_o that_o we_o may_v pick_v out_o the_o bullet_n entire_a and_o this_o succeed_a well_o enough_o we_o hope_v by_o this_o way_n to_o obtain_v our_o end_n which_o be_v to_o have_v a_o competent_a number_n of_o piece_n of_o ice_n of_o equal_a bulk_n and_o of_o the_o same_o figure_n to_o be_v put_v at_o once_o to_o thaw_v in_o several_a liquor_n but_o we_o can_v by_o no_o mean_n procure_v mould_n which_o have_v any_o number_n of_o distinct_a cell_n of_o the_o same_o bigness_n those_o long_a pair_n of_o mould_n that_o be_v to_o be_v meet_v with_o in_o shop_n have_v their_o distinct_a cell_n general_o make_v on_o purpose_n of_o very_o different_a bigness_n which_o render_v they_o altogether_o useless_a for_o our_o design_n wherefore_o we_o be_v fain_o for_o want_v of_o a_o exacter_n way_n to_o take_v a_o glass_n pipe_n of_o the_o most_o even_a and_o cylindrical_a that_o we_o have_v and_o of_o a_o bear_v capable_a to_o admit_v a_o big_a man_n little_a finger_n this_o glass_n be_v stop_v at_o one_o end_n and_o keep_v open_a at_o the_o other_o be_v fill_v to_o the_o height_n of_o about_o half_a a_o foot_n or_o more_o of_o fair_a water_n and_o ice_n and_o salt_n be_v heap_v up_o about_o it_o that_o the_o cold_a may_v reach_v as_o far_o as_o the_o 〈◊〉_d do_v it_o be_v quick_o freeze_v in_o the_o mean_a while_n i_o have_v cause_v several_a wide_o mouth_v glass_n to_o be_v bring_v into_o my_o chamber_n wherein_o by_o reason_n of_o some_o indisposition_n that_o hinder_v i_o from_o go_v abroad_o i_o keep_v some_o fire_n and_o have_v pour_v several_a liquor_n into_o these_o glass_n which_o have_v be_v place_v all_o on_o a_o row_n we_o suffer_v they_o to_o rest_v there_o a_o while_n that_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n may_v have_v time_n to_o reduce_v they_o as_o far_o
have_v teach_v i_o preserve_v ice_n and_o snow_n for_o a_o very_a long_a time_n appendix_n to_o the_o xvi_o title_n a_o eminent_a instance_n to_o confirm_v what_o be_v deliver_v at_o the_o close_a of_o the_o forego_n section_n be_v afford_v we_o by_o the_o conservatory_n wherein_o snow_n and_o ice_n be_v keep_v all_o the_o summer_n long_o of_o these_o i_o have_v see_v in_o italy_n and_o elsewhere_o but_o suppose_v i_o have_v the_o command_n of_o some_o italian_a and_o other_o book_n wherein_o i_o shall_v meet_v with_o the_o dimension_n and_o other_o circumstance_n that_o belong_v to_o they_o my_o find_v my_o expectation_n disappoint_v by_o those_o book_n make_v i_o think_v it_o very_o well_o worth_a while_n to_o subjoin_v somewhat_o about_o thing_n that_o may_v give_v we_o opportunity_n of_o make_v a_o multitude_n of_o experiment_n about_o cold._n and_o therefore_o meet_v the_o other_o day_n by_o good_a chance_n with_o my_o ingenious_a friend_n mr._n j._n evelyn_n his_o inquisitive_a travel_n and_o his_o insight_n into_o the_o more_o polite_a kind_n of_o knowledge_n and_o particular_o architecture_n make_v i_o desire_v and_o expect_v of_o he_o that_o account_v of_o the_o italian_a way_n of_o make_v conservatory_n of_o snow_n that_o i_o have_v miss_v of_o in_o several_a author_n and_o have_v ready_o obtain_v my_o desire_n of_o he_o i_o shall_v not_o injure_v so_o just_o esteem_v a_o style_n as_o he_o to_o deliver_v his_o description_n in_o any_o other_o word_n than_o those_o ensue_a one_o wherein_o i_o receive_v it_o from_o he_o the_o snow_n pit_n in_o italy_n etc._n etc._n be_v sink_v in_o the_o most_o solitary_a and_o cool_v place_n common_o at_o the_o foot_n of_o some_o mountain_n or_o elevate_a ground_n which_o may_v best_o protect_v they_o from_o the_o meridional_a and_o occidental_a sun_n 25._o foot_n wide_a at_o the_o orifice_n and_o about_o 50._o in_o depth_n be_v esteem_v a_o competent_a proportion_n and_o though_o this_o be_v excavate_v in_o a_o conical_a form_n yet_o it_o be_v make_v flat_a at_o the_o bottom_n or_o point_n the_o side_n of_o the_o pit_n be_v so_o joyce_v that_o board_n may_v be_v nail_v upon_o they_o very_o close_o joint_v his_o majesty_n at_o greenwich_n new_o make_v on_o the_o side_n of_o the_o castle-hill_n be_v as_o i_o remember_v steen_v with_o brick_n and_o hardly_o so_o wide_o at_o the_o mouth_n steen_v about_o a_o yard_n from_o the_o bottom_n be_v fix_v a_o strong_a frame_n or_o tressle_n upon_o which_o lie_v a_o kind_n of_o wooden_a grate_n the_o top_n or_o cover_v be_v double_a thatch_a with_o reed_n or_o straw_n upon_o a_o copped_a frame_n or_o roof_n in_o one_o of_o the_o side_n whereof_o be_v a_o narrow_a door-case_n hip_v on_o like_o the_o top_n of_o a_o dormer_n and_o thatch_v and_o so_o it_o be_v complete_a to_o conserve_v snow_n they_o lay_v clean_a straw_n upon_o the_o grate_n or_o wattle_v so_o as_o to_o keep_v the_o snow_n from_o run_v through_o while_o they_o beat_v it_o to_o a_o hard_a cake_n of_o a_o icy_a consistence_n which_o be_v near_o one_o foot_n thick_a upon_o this_o they_o make_v a_o layer_n of_o straw_n and_o on_o that_o snow_n beat_v as_o before_o and_o so_o continue_v a_o bed_n of_o straw_n and_o a_o bed_n of_o snow_n s._n s._n s._n till_o the_o pit_n be_v full_a to_o the_o brim_n final_o they_o lay_v straw_n or_o reed_n for_o i_o remember_v to_o have_v see_v both_o a_o competent_a thickness_n over_o all_o and_o keep_v the_o door_n lock_v this_o grate_n be_v contrive_v that_o the_o snow_n melt_v by_o any_o accident_n in_o lay_v or_o extraordinary_a season_n of_o weather_n may_v drain_v away_o from_o the_o mass_n and_o sink_v without_o stagnate_n upon_o it_o which_o will_v accelerate_v the_o dissolution_n and_o therefore_o the_o very_a bottom_n be_v but_o slight_o steen_v those_o who_o be_v most_o circumspect_a and_o curious_a preserve_v a_o tall_a circle_n of_o shady_a tree_n about_o the_o pit_n which_o may_v rather_o shade_v then_o drip_v upon_o it_o thus_o far_o this_o learned_a gentleman_n account_n of_o conservatory_n of_o snow_n and_o on_o this_o occasion_n i_o may_v add_v what_o the_o dutch_a in_o their_o nova_n zembla_n voyage_n relate_v namely_o that_o the_o three_o and_o twenty_o of_o june_n though_o it_o be_v fair_a sunshiny_a weather_n yet_o the_o heat_n be_v not_o so_o strong_a as_o to_o melt_v the_o snow_n to_o afford_v they_o water_n to_o drink_v and_o that_o in_o spite_n of_o their_o be_v reduce_v to_o put_v snow_n into_o their_o mouth_n to_o melt_v it_o down_o into_o their_o throat_n they_o be_v compel_v to_o endure_v great_a thirst_n but_o because_o it_o be_v in_o so_o cold_a a_o climate_n that_o this_o duration_n of_o the_o snow_n be_v observe_v i_o shall_v rather_o take_v notice_n that_o in_o the_o alps_o and_o other_o high_a mountain_n even_o of_o warm_a climate_n though_o the_o snow_n do_v partly_o melt_v towards_o the_o end_n of_o summer_n yet_o in_o some_o place_n where_o the_o reflection_n of_o the_o sun_n beam_n be_v less_o considerable_a the_o top_n will_v even_o then_o remain_v cover_v with_o snow_n as_o we_o among_o many_o other_o have_v in_o those_o country_n observe_v and_o for_o further_a confirmation_n of_o the_o doctrine_n deliver_v at_o the_o end_n of_o this_o 16._o title_n i_o shall_v subjoin_v a_o passage_n which_o have_v unexspected_o meet_v with_o in_o a_o unlikely_a place_n of_o captain_n james_n voyage_n i_o think_v not_o fit_a to_o leave_v unmentioned_a here_o not_o only_o because_o it_o be_v the_o sole_a artificial_a observation_n that_o i_o yet_o meet_v with_o concern_v the_o last_a of_o ice_n and_o so_o may_v recommend_v to_o we_o the_o ingenuity_n of_o a_o author_n who_o testimony_n we_o somewhat_o frequent_o make_v use_n of_o but_o because_o the_o observation_n be_v in_o itself_o remarkable_a and_o notwithstanding_o the_o difference_n of_o place_n may_v serve_v for_o the_o purpose_n we_o allege_v it_o our_o navigator_n 101._o word_n be_v these_o i_o have_v in_o july_n and_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o august_n take_v some_o of_o the_o ice_n into_o the_o ship_n and_o cut_v it_o square_n two_o foot_n and_o put_v it_o into_o the_o boat_n where_o the_o sun_n do_v shine_v on_o it_o with_o a_o very_a strong_a reflex_n about_o it_o and_o notwithstanding_o the_o warmth_n of_o the_o ship_n for_o we_o keep_v a_o good_a fire_n and_o our_o breathe_n and_o motion_n it_o will_v not_o melt_v in_o eight_o or_o ten_o day_n and_o it_o be_v also_o considerable_a to_o our_o present_a purpose_n what_o the_o same_o author_n elsewhere_o have_v about_o the_o durableness_n of_o the_o congelation_n of_o the_o ground_n not_o yet_o thaw_v at_o the_o begin_n 〈◊〉_d of_o june_n for_o the_o ground_n say_v he_o be_v yet_o freeze_v and_o thus_o much_o we_o find_v by_o experience_n in_o the_o bury_n of_o our_o man_n in_o set_v up_o the_o king_n standard_n towards_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o june_n and_o by_o our_o well_n at_o our_o come_n away_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o july_n at_o which_o time_n upon_o the_o land_n for_o some_o other_o reason_n it_o be_v very_o hot_a weather_n title_n xvii_o consideration_n and_o experiment_n touch_v the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la 1._o the_o dispute_n which_o be_v the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la be_v very_o well_o know_v among_o naturalist_n some_o contend_v for_o the_o earth_n other_o for_o the_o water_n other_o for_o the_o air_n and_o some_o of_o the_o modern_n for_o nitre_n but_o all_o seem_a to_o agree_v that_o there_o be_v some_o body_n or_o other_o that_o be_v of_o its_o own_o nature_n supreme_o cold_a and_o by_o participation_n of_o which_o all_o other_o cold_a body_n obtain_v that_o quality_n 2._o but_o for_o my_o part_n i_o think_v that_o before_o man_n have_v so_o hot_o dispute_v which_o be_v the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la they_o will_v have_v do_v well_o to_o inquire_v whether_o there_o be_v any_o such_o thing_n or_o no_o in_o the_o sense_n new_o express_v for_o though_o i_o make_v some_o scruple_n resolute_o to_o contradict_v such_o several_a sect_n of_o philosopher_n as_o agree_v in_o take_v it_o for_o grant_v yet_o i_o think_v it_o may_v be_v not_o irrational_o question_v and_o that_o upon_o two_o or_o three_o account_n 3._o for_o first_o it_o be_v disputable_a enough_o as_o we_o shall_v hereafter_o see_v whether_o can_v be_v as_o they_o speak_v a_o positive_a quality_n or_o a_o bare_a privation_n of_o heat_n and_o till_o this_o question_n be_v determine_v it_o will_v be_v somewhat_o improper_a to_o wrangle_v sollicitous_o which_o may_v be_v the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la for_o if_o a_o body_n be_v cold_a signify_v no_o more_o then_o it_o be_v not_o have_v its_o insensible_a part_n so_o much_o agitate_a as_o those_o of_o our_o sensory_n by_o which_o we_o be_v wont_n to_o judge_v of_o tactile_a
with_o he_o supply_v he_o so_o well_o with_o air_n that_o he_o be_v not_o incommodate_v in_o point_n of_o respiration_n and_o though_o he_o feel_v no_o other_o inconvenience_n that_o may_v dissuade_v his_o tarry_n long_a yet_o the_o cold_a be_v so_o great_a and_o troublesome_a that_o he_o be_v not_o able_a to_o endure_v it_o above_o two_o or_o three_o hour_n but_o be_v constrain_v to_o remount_v to_o a_o mild_a as_o well_o as_o a_o high_a region_n i_o wish_v several_a time_n he_o have_v have_v with_o he_o a_o seal_a weatherglass_n for_o ordinary_a thermometer_n will_v on_o that_o occasion_n have_v be_v unserviceable_a to_o prevent_v some_o little_a doubt_n that_o may_v be_v make_v whether_o the_o intense_a cold_a he_o feel_v may_v not_o be_v only_o and_o chief_o in_o reference_n to_o his_o body_n which_o may_v be_v so_o alter_v and_o dispose_v by_o this_o new_a briny_a ambient_fw-la as_o to_o make_v such_o a_o disturbance_n in_o the_o course_n or_o texture_n of_o his_o blood_n as_o that_o which_o make_v aguish_a person_n so_o cold_a at_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o fit_a though_o the_o temperature_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la body_n continue_v the_o same_o but_o this_o be_v not_o the_o only_a person_n that_o find_v the_o sea_n exceed_o cold_a for_o i_o remember_v 1._o beguinus_n relate_v from_o the_o mouth_n of_o a_o marseillian_a knight_n that_o be_v overseer_n of_o the_o coral-fishing_a in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o tunis_n that_o have_v upon_o that_o coast_n let_v down_o a_o young_a man_n to_o feel_v whether_o coral_n be_v hard_a or_o soft_a as_o it_o grow_v in_o the_o water_n when_o this_o man_n be_v come_v about_o eight_o fathom_n near_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n he_o feel_v it_o exceed_o cold_a to_o which_o we_o shall_v add_v the_o testimony_n of_o a_o sober_a traveller_n josephus_n acosta_n who_o tell_v 11._o we_o that_o it_o be_v a_o thing_n remarkable_a that_o in_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o ocean_n the_o water_n can_v be_v make_v hot_a by_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o sun_n as_o in_o river_n final_o he_o subjoin_v even_o as_o salt-petre_n though_o it_o be_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o salt_n have_v the_o property_n to_o cool_v water_n even_o so_o we_o see_v by_o experience_n that_o in_o some_o part_n and_o haven_n the_o salt_n water_n do_v refresh_v the_o which_o we_o have_v observe_v in_o that_o of_o callao_n where_o they_o put_v the_o water_n or_o wine_n which_o they_o drink_v into_o the_o sea_n in_o flagon_n to_o be_v refresh_v whereby_o we_o may_v undoubted_o find_v that_o the_o ocean_n have_v this_o property_n to_o temper_n and_o moderate_v the_o excessive_a heat_n for_o this_o cause_n we_o feel_v great_a heat_n at_o land_n then_o at_o sea_n caeteris_fw-la paribus_fw-la and_o common_o country_n lie_v near_o the_o sea_n be_v cool_a than_o those_o that_o be_v far_o off_o by_o all_o these_o testimony_n it_o seem_v to_o appear_v that_o both_o in_o very_o cold_a region_n and_o very_o hot_a the_o deep_a part_n of_o the_o sea_n seem_v to_o be_v very_o cold_a the_o sun_n beam_n be_v not_o able_a to_o penetrate_v the_o sea_n to_o any_o great_a depth_n for_o i_o remember_v that_o have_v inquire_v of_o the_o diver_n i_o late_o mention_v whether_o he_o can_v discern_v the_o light_n of_o the_o sun_n at_o any_o great_a distance_n from_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n he_o answer_v i_o that_o he_o can_v not_o but_o as_o he_o go_v down_o deep_o and_o deep_o so_o he_o find_v it_o dark_a and_o dark_a and_o that_o to_o a_o degree_n that_o will_v scarce_o have_v be_v expect_v in_o so_o diaphanous_a a_o body_n as_o water_n be_v 17._o but_o this_o submarine_a cold_a if_o i_o may_v so_o call_v it_o though_o it_o be_v great_a and_o considerable_a be_v not_o so_o intense_a as_o to_o entitle_v water_n to_o be_v the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la since_o as_o cold_a as_o our_o divers_a find_v it_o at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n they_o do_v not_o find_v it_o cold_a enough_o to_o freeze_v the_o water_n there_o as_o the_o air_n often_o do_v at_o the_o top._n 18._o the_o next_o opinion_n we_o be_v to_o consider_v be_v that_o of_o the_o stoic_n of_o old_a and_o adopt_v by_o the_o generality_n of_o modern_a philosopher_n that_o be_v not_o peripatetic_n who_o assert_v the_o air_n to_o be_v the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la but_o be_v ere_o long_o more_o particular_o to_o treat_v of_o the_o temperature_n of_o the_o air_n we_o will_v reserve_v till_o then_o to_o examine_v whether_o it_o be_v cold_a of_o its_o own_o nature_n or_o not_o but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n we_o shall_v here_o take_v leave_n to_o question_n whether_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v esteem_v the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la for_o not_o to_o mention_v that_o aristotle_n and_o the_o school_n with_o many_o other_o learned_a man_n think_v the_o air_n so_o far_o from_o be_v the_o cold_a of_o the_o element_n that_o they_o reckon_v it_o among_o the_o hot_a one_o because_o i_o confel_n their_o opinion_n be_v not_o i_o not_o to_o represent_v the_o heat_n of_o the_o air_n in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n nor_o that_o by_o the_o generality_n of_o philosopher_n the_o upper_a region_n of_o the_o air_n which_o be_v believe_v to_o make_v incomparable_o the_o great_a part_n of_o it_o be_v always_o hot_a and_o the_o low_a region_n be_v so_o too_o in_o comparison_n of_o the_o middle_n though_o the_o coldness_n even_o of_o this_o be_v not_o perhaps_o unquestionable_a not_o to_o urge_v any_o of_o these_o thing_n i_o say_v i_o shall_v in_o this_o place_n mention_v only_o two_o observation_n 19_o the_o one_o be_v that_o which_o i_o late_o recite_v touch_v the_o great_a coldness_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o deep_a part_n of_o the_o sea_n for'tis_o not_o easy_a to_o show_v how_o this_o great_a cold_a proceed_v from_o that_o of_o the_o air_n who_o operation_n seem_v not_o as_o may_v be_v judge_v by_o that_o little_a way_n that_o frost_n pierce_v into_o the_o moist_a earth_n to_o reach_v very_o far_o beneath_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n insomuch_o that_o captain_n james_n who_o have_v very_o good_a opportunity_n to_o try_v allow_v not_o in_o case_n the_o ice_n be_v not_o make_v by_o accumulation_n that_o the_o frost_n pierce_v above_o two_o yard_n perpendicular_o downward_o from_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n even_o in_o the_o cold_a habitable_a region_n and_o this_o will_v seem_v the_o more_o rational_a if_o we_o consider_v that_o in_o case_n the_o coldness_n of_o the_o sea_n proceed_v constant_o from_o the_o air_n as_o such_o the_o cold_a will_v be_v great_a near_o the_o surface_n where_o it_o be_v contiguous_a to_o the_o air_n then_o in_o the_o part_n remote_a from_o it_o and_o yet_o the_o contrary_n may_v appear_v by_o the_o passage_n late_o recite_v 20._o but_o if_o it_o be_v object_v that_o this_o at_o best_a can_v prove_v no_o more_o then_o that_o the_o air_n be_v not_o the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la notwithstanding_o which_o it_o may_v be_v the_o summum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la for_o answer_v i_o must_v proceed_v to_o my_o second_o argument_n which_o will_v perhaps_o evince_v that_o it_o be_v not_o that_o neither_o for_o by_o the_o same_o way_n of_o argue_v by_o which_o those_o i_o be_o now_o deal_v with_o endeavour_n to_o prove_v the_o air_n to_o be_v the_o cold_a body_n in_o the_o world_n i_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o prove_v that_o it_o be_v not_o so_o for_o their_o grand_a and_o as_o far_o as_o i_o remember_v their_o only_a considerable_a argument_n be_v draw_v from_o experience_n which_o show_v that_o water_n begin_v to_o freeze_v at_o the_o top_n where_o it_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n but_o to_o this_o vulgar_a experiment_n i_o oppose_v that_o of_o i_o which_o i_o have_v often_o mention_v already_o to_o other_o purpose_n that_o by_o a_o application_n of_o salt_n and_o snow_n i_o can_v make_v water_n that_o will_v else_o freeze_v at_o the_o top_n begin_v to_o freeze_v at_o the_o bottom_n or_o at_o any_o side_n i_o please_v and_o that_o much_o soon_o than_o the_o common_a air_n even_o in_o a_o sharp_a frosty_a night_n will_v be_v able_a to_o congeal_v it_o and_o when_o in_o exceed_v cold_a weather_n the_o ambient_fw-la nocturnal_a air_n have_v reduce_v a_o parcel_n of_o air_n purposely_o include_v in_o a_o convenient_a glass_n to_o as_o great_a a_o degree_n of_o condensation_n as_o it_o can_v i_o have_v more_o than_o once_o by_o the_o external_n application_n of_o other_o thing_n be_v able_a to_o condense_a it_o much_o far_o which_o argue_v that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o air_n as_o such_o but_o some_o adventitious_a frigorifick_a corpuscle_n take_v that_o term_n as_o i_o do_v in_o this_o treatise_n in_o a_o large_a sense_n that_o may_v sometime_o be_v mingle_v with_o it_o which_o produce_v the_o notable_a degree_n of_o
nitre_n alone_o without_o speak_v of_o either_o ice_n or_o snow_n and_o in_o the_o other_o place_n not_o only_o his_o word_n seem_v to_o import_v that_o contentam_fw-la notwithstanding_o the_o addition_n of_o the_o other_o ingredient_n the_o corpuscle_n of_o the_o nitre_n expire_a out_o of_o the_o mixture_n and_o penetrate_v into_o the_o water_n be_v they_o that_o make_v it_o freeze_v but_o the_o exigence_n of_o his_o discourse_n seem_v to_o require_v such_o a_o interpretation_n for_o to_o say_v it_o be_v the_o corpuscle_n of_o the_o nitre_n that_o be_v harbour_v in_o the_o ice_n or_o snow_n that_o freeze_v the_o water_n they_o invade_v be_v no_o better_a than_o to_o beg_v the_o question_n for_o beside_o that_o he_o ought_v to_o prove_v that_o there_o be_v multitude_n of_o the_o corpuscle_n of_o nitre_n lodge_v in_o snow_n and_o ice_n beside_o this_o i_o say_v since_o these_o two_o body_n be_v say_v to_o be_v water_n before_o they_o be_v congeal_v to_o grant_v what_o his_o explication_n suppose_v about_o ice_n and_o snow_n be_v to_o grant_v in_o effect_n that_o nitre_n alone_o without_o ice_n or_o snow_n can_v turn_v water_n into_o ice_n which_o be_v the_o thing_n that_o experience_n warrant_v we_o late_o to_o deny_v and_o if_o this_o be_v all_o that_o be_v mean_v by_o the_o experiment_n the_o mix_n of_o nitre_n with_o the_o ice_n or_o the_o snow_n will_v signify_v very_o little_a to_o evince_v what_o shall_v be_v prove_v for_o if_o instead_o of_o nitre_n you_o take_v sea-salt_n or_o the_o spirit_n of_o salt_n nay_o the_o inflammable_a part_n of_o wine_n the_o experiment_n will_v succeed_v and_o yet_o i_o think_v gassendus_fw-la will_v not_o have_v the_o corpuscle_n of_o these_o body_n to_o be_v frigorifick_a like_o those_o of_o nitre_n which_o yet_o they_o may_v be_v prove_v to_o be_v by_o the_o same_o argument_n which_o be_v employ_v to_o show_v that_o the_o corpuscle_n of_o the_o nitre_n which_o be_v add_v as_o a_o distinct_a ingredient_n to_o the_o ice_n or_o to_o the_o snow_n be_v the_o efficient_n of_o the_o congelation_n 25._o have_v thus_o examine_v gassendus_fw-la he_o experiment_n we_o will_v now_o as_o our_o next_o and_o last_o argument_n touch_v this_o subject_n subjoin_v our_o own_o as_o far_o as_o we_o can_v find_v any_o of_o they_o among_o our_o note_n some_o of_o which_o follow_v in_o these_o word_n 26._o as_o cold_a as_o they_o think_v salt-petre_a to_o be_v who_o teach_v its_o spirituous_a part_n to_o be_v the_o grand_a and_o catholic_n efficient_n of_o cold_a yet_o we_o find_v that_o it_o will_v dissolve_v ice_n ready_o enough_o as_o well_o as_o sea-salt_n etc._n etc._n be_v wont_a to_o do_v as_o we_o collect_v from_o this_o that_o roch_v petre_n mingle_v with_o ice_n will_v freeze_v the_o vapour_n wander_v in_o the_o air_n to_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o single_a vial_n wherein_o we_o make_v the_o experiment_n which_o the_o ice_n alone_o will_v not_o have_v do_v and_o have_v place_v some_o 〈◊〉_d sie_a beat_a nitre_n of_o the_o same_o parcel_n in_o little_a heap_n here_o and_o there_o upon_o plate_n of_o ice_n we_o manifest_o find_v they_o to_o sink_v into_o the_o ice_n which_o argue_v their_o dissolve_v it_o and_o have_v put_v some_o of_o it_o upon_o a_o thick_a and_o smooth_a piece_n of_o ice_n we_o find_v that_o it_o have_v 〈◊〉_d a_o hole_n quite_o through_o it_o while_o the_o surround_v part_n of_o the_o ice_n remain_v of_o a_o good_a thickness_n 27._o we_o take_v a_o large_a single_a vial_n almost_o full_a of_o water_n and_o put_v it_o into_o as_o much_o roch_v petre_n as_o by_o keep_v it_o a_o good_a while_n by_o the_o fire_n side_n we_o can_v dissolve_v in_o it_o of_o which_o one_o mark_n be_v that_o there_o remain_v a_o pretty_a deal_n of_o salt_n entire_a 〈◊〉_d the_o bottom_n of_o the_o liquor_n this_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n during_o a_o extreme_o sharp_a night_n and_o a_o good_a part_n of_o the_o day_n the_o solution_n be_v 〈◊〉_d so_o hard_o to_o the_o very_a top_n of_o the_o liquor_n that_o have_v break_v the_o glass_n we_o can_v hardly_o break_v the_o include_v mass_n but_o at_o the_o bottom_n there_o 〈◊〉_d pear_v some_o liquor_n with_o crystal_n of_o nitre_n well_o figure_v that_o seem_v to_o have_v shoot_v in_o it_o and_o argue_v the_o water_n to_o be_v sufficient_o impreguate_v with_o the_o salt_n 28._o as_o for_o the_o spirituous_a part_n of_o nitre_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o their_o temper_n as_o to_o heat_n or_o cold_a can_v be_v judge_v by_o distillation_n and_o by_o weather-glass_n they_o be_v not_o actual_o more_o cold_a than_o some_o other_o liquor_n and_o appear_v rather_o to_o be_v potential_o 〈◊〉_d then_o cold_a at_o least_o they_o seem_v indispose_v to_o turn_v water_n into_o ice_n since_o we_o have_v 〈◊〉_d that_o the_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n will_v ready_o enough_o turn_v ice_n into_o water_n 29._o these_o three_o forego_v 〈◊〉_d show_v that_o salt-petre_a be_v no_o such_o 〈◊〉_d derful_o cold_a body_n but_o that_o 〈◊〉_d be_v other_o cold_a as_o be_v able_a to_o freeze_v water_n which_o nitre_n can_v not_o congeal_v nay_o they_o manifest_a that_o nitre_n which_o be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o efficient_a of_o ice_n do_v thaw_v and_o dissolve_v it_o and_o so_o seem_v at_o least_o in_o reference_n to_o it_o to_o be_v rather_o hot_a then_o cold_a 30._o i_o shall_v now_o add_v one_o note_n more_o to_o show_v it_o do_v not_o always_o make_v water_n so_o much_o as_o equal_o cold_a with_o the_o common_a air_n the_o experiment_n i_o find_v thus_o record_v 31._o we_o take_v a_o seal_a weatherglass_n 1._o and_o by_o a_o little_a pulley_n fasten_v to_o a_o frame_n suspend_v it_o in_o a_o solution_n of_o roch'd-petre_n as_o strong_a as_o we_o can_v make_v it_o without_o heat_n as_o appear_v by_o a_o pretty_a quantity_n of_o nitre_n that_o have_v continue_v some_o day_n undissolved_a in_o the_o vessel_n which_o be_v a_o beer-glass_n with_o a_o flat_a bottom_n after_o the_o ball_n of_o the_o weatherglass_n have_v be_v suspend_v in_o this_o liquor_n to_o try_v whether_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n be_v not_o at_o this_o time_n cold_o than_o the_o liquor_n it_o be_v a_o cloudy_a and_o windy_a day_n and_o betwixt_o the_o hour_n of_o 11._o and_o 12._o though_o both_o the_o weatherglass_n and_o it_o have_v stand_v some_o day_n in_o the_o same_o place_n i_o lift_v up_o the_o glass_n out_o of_o the_o water_n by_o the_o string_n it_o hang_v by_o that_o i_o may_v not_o touch_v it_o with_o my_o warm_a hand_n and_o find_v the_o liquor_n in_o the_o glass_n to_o descend_v by_o degree_n about_o two_o division_n which_o be_v eight_o of_o a_o inch_n and_o then_o by_o the_o string_n lift_v up_o the_o weatherglass_n and_o put_v again_o the_o solution_n of_o nitre_n under_o it_o the_o include_v liquor_n be_v impel_v up_o again_o two_o division_n and_o sometime_o two_o division_n and_o a_o half_a for_o to_o satisfy_v myself_o the_o more_o full_o i_o repeat_v the_o experiment_n several_a time_n and_o observe_v that_o the_o include_v liquor_n usual_o ascend_v the_o first_o division_n so_o fast_o that_o the_o eye_n can_v perceive_v its_o progress_n and_o that_o the_o ascent_n upon_o the_o immersion_n in_o the_o dissolve_v nitre_n be_v discernable_o quick_a than_o the_o descent_n upon_o the_o removal_n of_o the_o weatherglass_n into_o the_o open_a air_n though_o the_o space_n both_o of_o the_o one_o and_o of_o the_o other_o be_v about_o either_o two_o division_n or_o two_o division_n and_o a_o half_a 32._o if_o it_o be_v here_o demand_v what_o then_o i_o think_v of_o the_o frigifactive_a virtue_n of_o nitre_n i_o must_v answer_v that_o i_o have_v not_o yet_o full_o satisfy_v myself_o concern_v it_o but_o thus_o much_o i_o be_o not_o willing_a to_o deny_v that_o among_o divers_a other_o body_n that_o upon_o several_a occasion_n exhale_v from_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n those_o corpuscle_n that_o be_v of_o a_o nitrous_a nature_n may_v be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n well_o qualify_v to_o refrigerate_v the_o air_n and_o i_o be_o not_o indispose_v to_o think_v that_o there_o may_v be_v store_n of_o little_a saline_a body_n of_o kin_n to_o nitre_n that_o especial_o at_o certain_a time_n 〈◊〉_d in_o great_a multitude_n to_o and_o fro_o in_o some_o part_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n but_o that_o this_o aerial_a salt_n which_o some_o modern_n call_v volatile_a nitre_n shall_v be_v true_a and_o perfect_a salt-petre_a be_v more_o than_o i_o be_o sure_a of_o and_o that_o this_o salt_n alone_o shall_v be_v the_o summum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la be_v more_o than_o as_o yet_o i_o be_o convince_v of_o especial_o since_o for_o aught_o i_o know_v there_o may_v be_v in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n whence_o i_o have_v see_v many_o concretes_n dig_v out_o who_o very_a name_n and_o
out_o of_o his_o journal_n since_o they_o may_v at_o least_o help_v we_o to_o conjecture_v what_o be_v not_o to_o be_v expect_v in_o reference_n to_o refraction_n from_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o air_n as_o such_o the_o 21._o 61._o of_o january_n say_v he_o i_o observe_v the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d what_o exactness_n i_o can_v it_o be_v very_o clear_a sunshine_n weather_n which_o i_o find_v to_o be_v 51._o 52._o this_o difference_n be_v by_o reason_n that_o here_o be_v a_o great_a refraction_n which_o last_o clause_n be_v very_o obscure_a unless_o it_o refer_v as_o one_o may_v guess_v it_o do_v to_o what_o he_o have_v elsewhere_o say_v that_o his_o first_o come_v to_o the_o island_n he_o take_v the_o latitude_n with_o two_o quadrant_n 46._o and_o find_v it_o to_o be_v inst_n 52._o degree_n without_o any_o minute_n elsewhere_o my_o 〈◊〉_d 64._o say_v he_o by_o these_o glass_n i_o compare_v to_o the_o star_n come_v to_o the_o meridian_n by_o this_o mean_n we_o find_v the_o sun_n to_o rise_v twenty_o minute_n before_o it_o shall_v and_o in_o the_o evening_n to_o remain_v above_o the_o horizon_n twenty_o minute_n or_o thereabouts_o long_o than_o it_o shall_v and_o all_o this_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o refraction_n and_o in_o another_o place_n march_v the_o 15._o this_o evening_n say_v he_o the_o moon_n 66._o rise_v in_o a_o very_a long_a oval_n alongst_o the_o horizon_n i_o shall_v add_v one_o passage_n more_o out_o of_o our_o author_n concern_v refraction_n not_o only_o because_o it_o may_v bear_v testimony_n to_o some_o relation_n of_o the_o like_a kind_n that_o i_o have_v mention_v in_o another_o treatise_n but_o because_o it_o be_v conclude_v with_o a_o observation_n that_o if_o there_o be_v nothing_o of_o mistake_n in_o it_o be_v odd_a enough_o i_o have_v often_o say_v he_o observe_v 69._o the_o difference_n betwixt_o clear_a weather_n and_o misty_a refractious_a weather_n in_o this_o manner_n from_o a_o little_a hill_n which_o be_v near_o adjoin_v to_o our_o house_n 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section_n of_o this_o historical_a treatise_n all_o the_o particular_n that_o i_o know_v to_o belong_v to_o so_o comprehensive_a a_o theme_n as_o will_v ready_o appear_v if_o i_o think_v it_o convenient_a to_o insert_v here_o the_o scheme_n of_o article_n of_o inquiry_n that_o i_o draw_v up_o to_o direct_v myself_o what_o inquiry_n and_o experiment_n to_o make_v but_o though_o there_o be_v divers_a of_o those_o head_n to_o which_o i_o can_v say_v so_o little_a that_o i_o judge_v it_o improper_a to_o assign_v they_o distinct_a title_n because_o as_o to_o some_o of_o they_o i_o have_v not_o time_n and_o opportunity_n to_o make_v those_o trial_n which_o if_o i_o have_v not_o want_v those_o requisite_n may_v have_v be_v make_v even_o here_o in_o england_n and_o because_o also_o as_o to_o more_o of_o they_o i_o conceive_v myself_o unable_a to_o produce_v in_o this_o temperate_a climate_n so_o strong_a and_o durable_a a_o cold_a as_o seem_v necessary_a to_o make_v the_o trial_n that_o may_v be_v refer_v to_o they_o succeed_v so_o far_o as_o to_o satisfy_v my_o doubt_n either_o affirmative_o or_o negative_o though_o i_o say_v these_o and_o some_o other_o consideration_n keep_v i_o from_o increase_v the_o number_n of_o the_o title_n among_o which_o i_o have_v distribute_v the_o experiment_n and_o observation_n that_o make_v up_o the_o forego_n part_n of_o this_o treatise_n yet_o since_o divers_a particular_n have_v occur_v to_o i_o which_o though_o they_o seem_v not_o proper_o reducible_a to_o the_o forego_n title_n do_v yet_o belong_v to_o the_o subject_n and_o design_n of_o this_o treatise_n i_o think_v it_o fit_a to_o annex_v they_o in_o this_o place_n and_o without_o any_o other_o order_n than_o that_o wherein_o they_o shall_v happen_v to_o occur_v to_o i_o throw_v they_o into_o this_o one_o section_n together_o with_o some_o loose_a experiment_n and_o divers_a relation_n that_o i_o have_v meet_v with_o among_o navigator_n and_o author_n that_o have_v travel_v into_o the_o northern_a climate_n touch_v cold_a not_o forbear_v to_o insert_v promiscuous_o among_o they_o some_o few_o paralipomena_fw-la which_o if_o they_o have_v seasonable_o come_v to_o my_o hand_n or_o into_o my_o mind_n may_v have_v have_v a_o more_o proper_a place_n among_o the_o forego_n section_n or_o have_v compose_v a_o title_n by_o themselves_o wherefore_o though_o the_o observation_n will_v not_o be_v altogether_o unaccompanied_a with_o experiment_n yet_o for_o the_o reason_n above_o intimate_v much_o the_o great_a part_n of_o what_o be_v to_o be_v deliver_v under_o this_o title_n will_v consist_v of_o collection_n out_o of_o voyage_n in_o which_o the_o strange_a thing_n mention_v be_v such_o as_o we_o can_v examine_v by_o our_o own_o trial_n i_o can_v equitable_o be_v think_v answerable_a for_o the_o truth_n of_o nothing_o but_o the_o citation_n 2._o i_o remember_v i_o try_v at_o several_a time_n divers_a experiment_n to_o discover_v whether_o or_o no_o congelation_n will_v by_o constriction_n of_o the_o pore_n of_o body_n or_o vitiate_a their_o texture_n or_o arrest_v the_o motion_n of_o their_o part_n hinder_v they_o from_o emit_v those_o effluvia_fw-la that_o we_o call_v odour_n but_o the_o register_n of_o these_o observation_n be_v unhappy_o lose_v in_o one_o of_o my_o late_a remove_n i_o dare_v add_v but_o these_o few_o wherein_o i_o have_v no_o cause_n to_o distrust_v my_o memory_n 3._o i_o do_v in_o the_o month_n of_o december_n and_o january_n at_o several_a time_n gather_v differ_v sort_n of_o flower_n in_o frosty_a weather_n but_o in_o most_o when_o they_o be_v fresh_o gather_v and_o hasty_o smell_v to_o i_o can_v scarce_o perceive_v any_o sensible_a smell_n whether_o it_o be_v that_o the_o cause_n above_o hinted_a hinder_v the_o expiration_n of_o the_o odoriferous_a steam_n or_o that_o the_o cold_a have_v some_o undiscerned_a influence_n upon_o the_o organ_n of_o smell_v which_o make_v the_o sense_n more_o dull_a or_o that_o the_o same_o cold_a keep_v the_o alimental_a juice_n of_o the_o flower_n from_o rise_v in_o such_o plenty_n and_o abound_v so_o much_o with_o spirituous_a part_n as_o be_v usual_a at_o the_o more_o friendly_a season_n of_o the_o year_n and_o this_o seem_v the_o more_o likely_a to_o be_v one_o reason_n of_o the_o phaenomenon_n because_o most_o of_o the_o flower_n be_v flaggy_a and_o as_o it_o be_v ready_a to_o wither_v and_o because_o also_o a_o primrose_n that_o be_v vigorous_a and_o fresh_a in_o its_o kind_n have_v a_o odor_n that_o be_v manifest_o and_o it_o will_v easy_o be_v believe_v that_o it_o be_v not_o strong_o sweet_a and_o genuine_a 4._o i_o take_v also_o about_o a_o ounce_n by_o guess_n of_o rose-water_n and_o put_v it_o into_o a_o small_a vial_n after_o i_o have_v smell_v to_o it_o it_o be_v expose_v to_o freeze_v in_o the_o open_a air_n and_o when_o it_o begin_v to_o have_v ice_n in_o it_o i_o then_o smell_v to_o it_o again_o but_o find_v not_o the_o perfume_n considerable_o if_o so_o much_o as_o manifesty_n abate_v and_o last_o have_v suffer_v it_o to_o continue_v in_o the_o air_n that_o be_v then_o very_o sharp_a till_o it_o be_v quite_o freeze_v and_o discover_v no_o liquor_n when_o the_o vial_n be_v turn_v upside_o down_o the_o ice_n notwithstanding_o be_v not_o destitute_a of_o a_o graceful_a and_o genuine_a send_v though_o it_o seem_v somewhat_o faint_a but_o after_o the_o ice_n be_v reduce_v to_o water_n again_o the_o fragrancy_n appear_v considerable_a but_o on_o this_o occasion_n it_o will_v not_o be_v improper_a to_o subjoin_v this_o caution_n that_o care_n must_v be_v have_v in_o trial_n of_o this_o nature_n to_o make_v one_o estimate_n betimes_o for_o if_o a_o man_n shall_v stay_v too_o long_o about_o it_o there_o be_v danger_n that_o the_o warmth_n of_o one_o breath_n and_o face_n may_v relax_v the_o pore_n or_o thaw_v the_o surface_n of_o the_o ice_n that_o be_v hold_v near_o his_o nose_n and_o both_o free_a and_o excite_v the_o corpuscle_n of_o smell_n that_o be_v imprison_v there_o that_o so_o instead_o of_o ice_n he_o may_v smell_v a_o liquor_n the_o reasonableness_n of_o which_o advertisement_n may_v be_v justify_v by_o a_o experiment_n that_o i_o be_o about_o to_o annex_v for_o be_v pretty_a well_o confirm_v by_o the_o casual_a and_o unwilling_a observation_n of_o one_o of_o my_o friend_n curious_a in_o make_v sweet_a water_n that_o even_o liquor_n more_o easy_a to_o be_v spoil_v then_o rose-water_n will_v not_o have_v their_o fragrancy_n destroy_v though_o perhaps_o impair_v nor_o so_o much_o as_o their_o odour_n for_o the_o time_n quite_o imprison_v and_o suppress_v by_o congelation_n and_o this_o appear_a congruous_a to_o what_o i_o former_o note_v of_o the_o effluvium_n that_o may_v by_o the_o decrement_n of_o weight_n be_v gather_v to_o issue_v from_o ice_n itself_o i_o think_v it_o worth_a while_n to_o try_v whether_o stink_a liquor_n will_v not_o be_v more_o alter_v by_o congelation_n then_o odoriferous_a one_o and_o according_o have_v procure_v some_o rain_n water_n that_o have_v be_v keep_v in_o a_o tub_n till_o it_o stink_v so_o strong_o that_o i_o can_v hardly_o endure_v it_o near_o my_o nose_n i_o cause_v a_o pottinger_n 〈◊〉_d of_o it_o to_o be_v expose_v all_o night_n to_o a_o very_a sharp_a air_n and_o examine_v it_o the_o next_o morning_n when_o it_o be_v all_o turn_v into_o ice_n neither_o i_o nor_o some_o other_o to_o who_o it_o be_v offer_v can_v perceive_v any_o stink_n at_o all_o in_o it_o and_o have_v in_o another_o place_n but_o with_o as_o stink_a water_n repeat_v the_o experiment_n when_o the_o pottinger_n be_v the_o next_o morning_n bring_v to_o my_o bed_n side_n i_o find_v it_o to_o smell_v abominable_o whereupon_o guess_v that_o this_o difference_n proceed_v from_o some_o thaw_n make_v by_o the_o warmth_n of_o the_o room_n in_o the_o superficial_a part_n of_o the_o ice_n i_o find_v it_o to_o be_v so_o indeed_o partly_o by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o light_n which_o discover_v a_o little_a liquor_n upon_o the_o ice_n and_o partly_o by_o expose_v the_o vessel_n with_o that_o liquor_n in_o it_o to_o the_o cold_a air_n again_o by_o who_o operation_n a_o ice_n be_v produce_v that_o be_v perfect_o inodorous_a and_o i_o remember_v that_o one_o of_o these_o parcel_n of_o ice_n be_v thaw_v seem_v to_o be_v less_o stink_a then_o before_o season_n it_o have_v be_v freeze_v and_o if_o i_o have_v not_o be_v divert_v i_o shall_v have_v try_v whether_o this_o ice_n that_o do_v not_o emit_v odour_n will_v emit_v like_o other_o ice_n effluvia_fw-la discoverable_a by_o the_o scale_n for_o whether_o the_o ice_n will_v lose_v of_o its_o weight_n which_o seem_v the_o more_o probable_a or_o will_v not_o the_o event_n may_v afford_v a_o not_o inconsiderable_a hint_n 5._o it_o be_v a_o thing_n not_o only_o remarkable_a
one_o fill_v up_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n to_o make_v the_o experiment_n the_o more_o satisfactory_a but_o though_o he_o can_v not_o procure_v it_o yet_o the_o success_n be_v not_o unwelcome_a because_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o there_o be_v crack_n in_o the_o iron_n in_o one_o place_n conspicuous_a and_o in_o other_o easy_o discoverable_a by_o blow_v into_o the_o barrel_n and_o put_v on_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o suspect_a part_n either_o spittle_n or_o some_o fit_a liquor_n who_o agitation_n plain_o disclose_v the_o egress_n of_o the_o wind_n and_o there_o appear_v small_a cause_n to_o doubt_v but_o that_o these_o crack_n be_v produce_v by_o the_o operation_n of_o the_o cold_a since_o not_o only_o the_o smith_n be_v a_o skilful_a man_n in_o his_o trade_n and_o one_o that_o i_o use_v to_o employ_v about_o instrument_n and_o also_o the_o barrel_n have_v be_v sometime_o keep_v many_o hour_n fill_v with_o water_n without_o appear_v other_o then_o very_o staunch_v but_o which_o be_v the_o considerabl_a circumstance_n the_o night_n before_o the_o frost_n as_o i_o late_o note_v be_v not_o able_a to_o make_v the_o water_n break_v out_o at_o any_o of_o these_o cleft_n though_o it_o be_v able_a to_o force_v itself_o a_o way_n out_o at_o the_o screw_n in_o spite_n of_o all_o the_o care_n we_o have_v take_v to_o make_v it_o go_v close_o i_o have_v only_o this_o circumstance_n to_o add_v about_o this_o matter_n that_o when_o by_o thaw_v one_o part_n of_o the_o ice_n some_o piece_n of_o the_o rest_n be_v get_v out_o of_o the_o barrel_n all_o i_o take_v notice_n of_o appear_v to_o be_v full_a enough_o of_o bubble_n but_o yet_o such_o as_o seem_v lesser_a than_o ordinary_a whether_o they_o be_v so_o by_o chance_n or_o be_v determine_v to_o be_v so_o by_o the_o resistance_n or_o compression_n which_o the_o freeze_a water_n find_v upon_o its_o endeavour_v to_o expand_v itself_o in_o the_o barrel_n appendix_n to_o the_o xvii_o title_n long_a since_o the_o write_n of_o the_o forego_n section_n meet_v with_o a_o passage_n in_o bartholinus_n where_o he_o vouch_v cabaeus_n for_o the_o experiment_n of_o congeal_a water_n without_o limit_v it_o to_o any_o season_n of_o the_o year_n by_o put_v salt_n 〈◊〉_d into_o it_o and_o shake_v it_o strong_o i_o be_v thereby_o confirm_v that_o i_o be_v not_o mistake_v in_o suppose_v that_o gassendus_fw-la mention_v in_o the_o former_a section_n do_v not_o exclude_v that_o corporal_a and_o visible_a nitre_n out_o of_o the_o number_n of_o the_o grand_a efficient_n of_o congelation_n for_o cabaeus_n have_v publish_v his_o comment_n upon_o aristotle_n meteor_n whence_o this_o experiment_n be_v take_v by_o bartholinus_n before_o gassendus_fw-la publish_v his_o book_n it_o be_v probable_a that_o he_o as_o well_o as_o other_o borrow_v the_o experiment_n from_o he_o and_o cabaeus_n as_o bartholinus_n quote_v he_o prescribe_v the_o put_v the_o salt-petre_a its_o self_n into_o water_n which_o be_v a_o while_n put_v into_o a_o brisk_a motion_n will_v after_o some_o agitation_n not_o only_o refrigerate_v that_o water_n but_o bring_v it_o to_o a_o true_a and_o proper_a congelation_n wherefore_o suspect_v that_o this_o relation_n wherein_o bartholinus_n say_v he_o will_v believe_v he_o without_o a_o oath_n may_v have_v give_v rise_v to_o the_o opinion_n and_o affirmation_n of_o those_o ingenious_a writer_n that_o have_v since_o ascribe_v such_o wonderful_a coldness_n to_o nitre_n and_o find_v in_o bartholinus_n that_o cabaeus_n proportion_n betwixt_o the_o nitre_n and_o the_o water_n be_v that_o of_o 35._o to_o a_o 100_o that_o be_v almost_o as_o one_o to_o three_o i_o think_v it_o very_o well_o worth_a while_n to_o make_v trial_n of_o a_o experiment_n which_o seem_v to_o i_o little_o less_o unlikely_a than_o considerable_a i_o take_v then_o a_o pound_n of_o good_a salt-petre_a and_o near_o 3._o pound_n of_o common_a water_n to_o observe_v the_o more_o narrow_o cabaeus_n proportion_n these_o be_v put_v into_o a_o large_a new_a pipkin_n be_v keep_v constant_o and_o nimble_o stir_v about_o sometime_o by_o i_o sometime_o by_o one_o or_o other_o of_o my_o domestic_n relieve_v one_o another_o when_o they_o be_v weary_a but_o though_o the_o mixture_n be_v with_o a_o kind_n of_o broad_a glass_n spittle_n keep_v in_o a_o brisk_a motion_n that_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v 〈◊〉_d the_o manner_n of_o a_o whirlpool_n and_o sometime_o a_o more_o confuse_a agitation_n and_o though_o we_o keep_v it_o thus_o stir_v for_o almost_o a_o hour_n and_o a_o half_a till_o we_o see_v no_o likelihood_n of_o effect_v any_o thing_n by_o try_v ourselves_o any_o further_a yet_o not_o only_o we_o can_v not_o perceive_v that_o any_o atom_n of_o true_a ice_n be_v produce_v whereas_o according_a to_o our_o author_n we_o may_v have_v expect_v a_o true_a and_o perfect_a congelation_n of_o all_o or_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o water_n but_o we_o do_v not_o find_v that_o there_o be_v so_o much_o as_o any_o freeze_a of_o the_o vapour_n on_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o vessel_n and_o for_o this_o reason_n we_o think_v 〈◊〉_d about_o the_o same_o time_n to_o try_v the_o experiment_n by_o another_o kind_n of_o agitation_n and_o mix_v two_o ounce_n of_o salt-petre_a with_o about_o six_o of_o water_n in_o a_o convenient_o size_v vial_n we_o do_v several_a of_o we_o successive_o vehement_o shake_v the_o vial_n too_o and_o fro_o till_o we_o be_v almost_o tire_v but_o neither_o this_o way_n be_v there_o produce_v the_o least_o ice_n within_o the_o glass_n or_o the_o least_o congelation_n of_o the_o vapour_n of_o the_o air_n on_o the_o outside_n of_o it_o it_o be_v true_a that_o when_o so_o great_a a_o proportion_n of_o salt-petre_a begin_v to_o be_v dissolve_v in_o the_o pipkin_n the_o water_n have_v a_o sensible_a increase_n of_o coldness_n which_o afterward_o seem_v to_o diminish_v when_o once_o the_o nitre_n be_v dissolve_v but_o not_o to_o mention_v that_o if_o i_o much_o mistake_v not_o we_o have_v observe_v the_o water_n to_o be_v refrigerated_a when_o upon_o the_o dissolution_n of_o common_a salt_n multitude_n of_o actual_o cold_a and_o solid_a corpuscle_n come_v to_o be_v every_o way_n disperse_v through_o it_o this_o coldness_n produce_v by_o the_o nitre_n be_v very_o far_o short_a of_o the_o degree_n requisite_a to_o congelation_n for_o to_o satisfy_v myself_o that_o my_o sense_n do_v not_o misinform_v i_o i_o take_v a_o good_a seal_a weatherglass_n of_o about_o ten_o or_o twelve_o inch_n long_o and_o immerse_v it_o into_o the_o cold_a mixture_n of_o nitre_n and_o water_n i_o observe_v the_o tinct_a spirit_n of_o wine_n in_o the_o stem_n to_o descend_v not_o inconsiderable_o and_o when_o i_o perceive_v that_o degree_n of_o cold_a to_o have_v wrought_v its_o effect_n i_o remove_v the_o thermoscope_n into_o a_o vial_n fill_v with_o common_a water_n about_o which_o i_o have_v cause_v to_o be_v place_v a_o mixture_n of_o beat_a ice_n and_o salt_n to_o 〈◊〉_d the_o contain_v water_n in_o which_o the_o ball_n of_o the_o instrument_n be_v place_v the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n hasty_o descend_v two_o or_o three_o inch_n below_o that_o place_n at_o which_o it_o stand_v when_o it_o be_v remove_v out_o of_o the_o nitrous_a solution_n and_o for_o further_a satisfaction_n remove_v the_o thermoscope_n once_o again_o into_o that_o solution_n the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n in_o the_o stem_n be_v hasty_o impel_v up_o as_o if_o the_o bubble_n have_v be_v put_v into_o warm_a water_n and_o once_o more_o the_o weatherglass_n be_v remove_v into_o the_o former_o mention_v 〈◊〉_d water_n the_o tinct_a liquor_n begin_v to_o fall_v down_o hasty_o again_o and_o within_o a_o while_n subside_v almost_o into_o the_o bubble_n whereupon_o to_o avoid_v injure_v the_o instrument_n we_o think_v fit_a to_o take_v it_o out_o so_o that_o upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n if_o the_o learned_a cabaeus_n be_v not_o delude_v by_o mistake_v some_o crystal_n of_o nitre_n which_o i_o have_v observe_v easy_o to_o shoot_v again_o in_o water_n that_o have_v be_v 〈◊〉_d with_o it_o for_o true_a and_o proper_a ice_n i_o can_v but_o wonder_v at_o his_o assertion_n and_o must_v take_v the_o liberty_n to_o think_v myself_o warrant_v by_o so_o many_o harmonious_a trial_n as_o i_o have_v find_v unfavourable_a to_o the_o suppose_a supremeness_n of_o cold_a in_o salt-petre_a to_o retain_v my_o former_a opinion_n about_o it_o till_o more_o successful_a experiment_n withdraw_v i_o from_o it_o it_o be_v a_o receive_a tradition_n among_o the_o watermen_n and_o many_o other_o that_o the_o river_n if_o not_o pond_n also_o be_v freeze_v first_o at_o the_o bottom_n and_o begin_v to_o thaw_v there_o but_o though_o i_o find_v this_o opinion_n to_o be_v in_o request_n not_o only_o among_o english_a watermen_n but_o among_o the_o french_a too_o yet_o i_o think_v it_o
pottinger_n that_o contain_v the_o cold_a liquor_n begin_v to_o freeze_v at_o ¼_n after_o ten_o that_o which_o contain_v the_o water_n heat_v and_o cool_v again_o begin_v to_o freeze_v ¾_n past_o ten_o and_o that_o which_o contain_v the_o hot_a water_n at_o half_a a_o hour_n after_o eleven_o and_o somewhat_o better_a so_o that_o though_o all_o freeze_v within_o the_o compass_n of_o two_o hour_n yet_o the_o cold_a water_n begin_v this_o time_n to_o freeze_v a_o hour_n and_o a_o ¼_n soon_o than_o the_o hot_a these_o pottinger_n be_v earthen_a but_o i_o elsewhere_o make_v the_o trial_n in_o other_o of_o metal_n and_o there_o also_o the_o cold_a water_n begin_v to_o freeze_v both_o before_o that_o which_o have_v be_v heat_v and_o cool_v again_o and_o long_o before_o the_o hot_a another_o time_n i_o measure_v out_o the_o water_n by_o spoonful_n into_o pottinger_n not_o have_v then_o by_o i_o any_o fit_a scale_n to_o weigh_v it_o to_o be_v the_o more_o sure_a that_o the_o quantity_n of_o 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more_o stable_a part_n in_o who_o cavity_n they_o be_v harbour_v and_o thereby_o so_o vitiate_v their_o texture_n as_o to_o impair_v some_o of_o their_o quality_n and_o dispose_v the_o compositum_fw-la to_o corruption_n how_o much_o contusion_n may_v prejudice_v tender_a body_n and_o accelerate_v putrefaction_n be_v evident_a in_o many_o fruit_n especial_o the_o more_o tender_a one_o which_o have_v be_v bruise_v quick_o begin_v to_o rot_v in_o those_o part_n that_o have_v be_v injure_v and_o it_o be_v agreeable_a to_o what_o have_v be_v former_o show_v to_o conceive_v that_o in_o congelation_n there_o seem_v to_o happen_v a_o almost_o innumerable_a multitude_n of_o little_a contusion_n make_v by_o the_o fluid_a part_n harden_v and_o expanded_a by_o frost_n of_o the_o former_o more_o stable_a part_n every_o where_o intercept_v between_o they_o and_o though_o these_o icy_a corpusce_n be_v but_o small_a yet_o the_o side_n of_o that_o stable_a matter_n that_o separate_v they_o and_o which_o they_o endeavour_v to_o stretch_v or_o crush_v be_v oftentimes_o proportionable_o thin_a and_o we_o have_v former_o note_v that_o beside_o that_o egg_n will_v be_v burst_v by_o have_v their_o alimental_a juice_n freeze_v both_o shingles_n and_o stone_n themselves_o may_v have_v their_o texture_n spoil_v by_o the_o congelation_n of_o the_o mineral_n sap_n that_o be_v in_o exceed_a minute_n and_o insensible_a particle_n disperse_v through_o those_o body_n and_o the_o violation_n of_o the_o texture_n of_o plant_n herb_n and_o animal_n by_o the_o expansion_n of_o the_o aqueous_a and_o juicy_a particle_n which_o though_o they_o be_v not_o congregat_v do_v abound_v in_o they_o will_v be_v the_o less_o wonder_v at_o if_o it_o be_v remember_v that_o our_o former_a trial_n manifest_v that_o a_o few_o ounce_n of_o water_n congeal_v do_v not_o only_o burst_v glass_n and_o pewter_n vessel_n but_o even_o the_o iron_n barrel_n of_o a_o gun_n while_o i_o be_v upon_o these_o trial_n i_o have_v also_o a_o curiosity_n to_o know_v whether_o by_o freeze_a animal_n to_o death_n i_o can_v discover_v any_o such_o change_n in_o the_o quality_n or_o structure_n of_o their_o part_n as_o may_v help_v we_o to_o discover_v by_o what_o mean_v it_o be_v that_o excessive_a cold_n kill_v man_n in_o northern_a country_n since_o such_o a_o discovery_n may_v probable_o be_v of_o good_a use_n to_o the_o people_n that_o live_v in_o those_o gelid_a region_n but_o have_v take_v a_o young_a rabbit_n as_o the_o tender_a and_o fit_a beast_n i_o can_v then_o procure_v for_o such_o a_o trial_n and_o have_v expose_v he_o all_o night_n to_o a_o extraordinary_o bitter_a frost_n without_o find_v he_o otherwise_o mischief_v by_o it_o then_o that_o one_o of_o his_o leg_n be_v swell_v and_o grow_v stiff_o i_o be_v more_o incline_v to_o resign_v over_o to_o other_o then_o to_o repeat_v myself_o what_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o ill_a nature_a experiment_n though_o perhaps_o it_o may_v have_v much_o less_o of_o 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to_o what_o we_o have_v already_o publish_v in_o another_o treatise_n experiment_n to_o show_v that_o this_o experiment_n as_o it_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v deliver_v be_v either_o untrue_a or_o very_o contingent_a we_o shall_v need_v but_o to_o add_v that_o since_o the_o experiment_n there_o mention_v we_o do_v again_o late_o try_v what_o can_v be_v do_v with_o decoction_n that_o be_v rich_o imbue_v and_o high_o tinge_v with_o the_o spirituous_a part_n of_o the_o vegetable_n but_o this_o ice_n be_v by_o no_o mean_n so_o figure_v as_o the_o patron_n of_o the_o tradition_n promise_n and_o i_o remember_v that_o have_v also_o make_v for_o curiosity_n sake_n a_o lixivium_n with_o 16._o part_n of_o water_n and_o but_o one_o of_o salt_n of_o potash_n that_o the_o mixture_n may_v be_v sure_a to_o freeze_v and_o have_v expose_v the_o liquor_n in_o a_o thin_a glass_n vial_n to_o a_o exceed_a cold_a air_n we_o find_v the_o copious_a ice_n produce_v to_o lie_v on_o the_o top_n in_o little_a stick_n not_o unlike_o those_o prismatical_a body_n wherein_o salt-petre_a be_v wont_n to_o roch_fw-fr and_o those_o part_n of_o this_o ice_n that_o be_v beneath_o the_o water_n be_v shoot_v in_o thin_a parallel_n plate_n exceed_v numerous_a but_o as_o one_o of_o our_o note_n express_o inform_v we_o no_o way_n in_o the_o shape_n of_o tree_n by_o who_o incineration_n nevertheless_o polonian_a potash_n as_o eye_n witness_n that_o deal_n in_o they_o inform_v i_o be_v make_v long_o after_o the_o make_n of_o the_o new_o recite_v experiment_n i_o chance_v to_o find_v that_o the_o learned_a bartholinus_n in_o the_o treatise_n we_o have_v often_o have_v occasion_n to_o take_v notice_n of_o say_z that_o the_o water_n wherein_o 17._o cabbage_n have_v be_v decoct_v will_n when_o freeze_v represent_v a_o cabbage_n the_o vegetable_a spirit_n be_v as_o he_o suppose_v concentrate_v by_o the_o cold_a how_o well_o this_o experiment_n may_v succeed_v when_o make_v in_o a_o cold_a country_n like_o he_o i_o do_v not_o know_v but_o not_o have_v myself_o when_o i_o first_o take_v notice_n of_o it_o the_o opportunity_n to_o try_v it_o satisfactory_o by_o help_n of_o a_o frosty_a night_n all_o i_o can_v do_v be_v to_o take_v a_o good_a decoction_n of_o cabbage_n and_o filtrate_a it_o through_o cap_n paper_n that_o it_o may_v be_v though_o yellow_a yet_o clear_a and_o then_o by_o the_o circumposition_n of_o our_o frigorifick_a mixture_n we_o freeze_v this_o liquor_n in_o a_o thin_a glass_n vial_n but_o the_o ice_n do_v not_o either_o to_o i_o or_o other_o appear_v to_o have_v any_o thing_n in_o it_o like_o a_o cabbage_n or_o remarkable_o differ_v from_o other_o ice_n and_o be_v afterward_o befriend_v with_o two_o or_o three_o frosty_a night_n we_o expose_v a_o decoction_n of_o cabbage_n to_o be_v congeal_v by_o the_o nocturnal_a air_n alone_o without_o the_o help_n of_o art_n but_o neither_o this_o way_n do_v the_o experiment_n succeed_v well_o and_o though_o once_o a_o few_o ounce_n of_o the_o decoction_n be_v light_o freeze_v in_o a_o vial_n there_o appear_v in_o the_o thin_a ice_n that_o adhere_v to_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o glass_n a_o figure_n not_o so_o very_a unlike_o that_o of_o a_o cabbage_n leaf_n but_o that_o some_o such_o accident_n may_v have_v invite_v our_o learned_a author_n to_o think_v that_o the_o representation_n of_o cabbage_n will_v constant_o appear_v in_o their_o freeze_a decoction_n yet_o i_o be_v incline_v to_o think_v this_o figuration_n rather_o casual_a by_o the_o curiosity_n i_o have_v have_v to_o freeze_v the_o decoction_n of_o several_a herb_n some_o of_o they_o spirituous_a enough_o as_o rosemary_n and_o pennyroyal_n without_o be_v able_a to_o find_v in_o the_o ice_n i_o obtain_v from_o they_o any_o conviction_n of_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o tradition_n we_o be_v examine_v and_o i_o have_v late_o have_v more_o than_o once_o by_o freeze_a fair_a water_n alone_o after_o a_o certain_a manner_n ice_n that_o seem_v much_o more_o to_o exhibit_v the_o shape_n of_o vegetable_n than_o any_o decoction_n of_o they_o that_o i_o have_v make_v and_o particular_o i_o find_v more_o than_o once_o that_o by_o put_v hot_a water_n into_o a_o somewhat_o slender_a cylinder_n of_o glass_n and_o agitate_v it_o in_o a_o frigorifick_a mixture_n consist_v of_o beat_a ice_n salt_n and_o water_n so_o that_o it_o be_v very_o speedy_o freeze_v thereby_o it_o be_v congeal_v into_o a_o ice_n much_o more_o regular_o and_o pretty_o figure_v than_o i_o have_v see_v it_o in_o divers_a of_o the_o water_n impregnate_v with_o the_o fix_a salt_n of_o plant_n though_o of_o these_o we_o be_v tell_v such_o wonder_n such_o particular_n as_o these_o join_v with_o what_o i_o have_v elsewhere_o observe_v to_o the_o same_o purpose_n make_v i_o i_o confess_v somewhat_o surprise_v to_o meet_v in_o berigardus_n forecited_a discourse_n upon_o aristotle_n
to_o find_v they_o every_o time_n the_o same_o that_o he_o have_v find_v they_o once_o and_o to_o intimate_v that_o by_o the_o by_o to_o make_v several_a trial_n in_o a_o short_a time_n and_o thereby_o produce_v variety_n of_o figure_n it_o be_v not_o a_o ill_a expedient_a to_o expose_v the_o liquor_n one_o will_v have_v congeal_v in_o very_o shallow_a vessel_n or_o if_o it_o be_v put_v into_o other_o vessle_n to_o leave_v it_o but_o of_o very_o little_a depth_n and_o if_o the_o vessel_n itself_o be_v high_o refrigerated_a either_o by_o the_o cold_a air_n or_o by_o have_v salt_n and_o ice_n apply_v to_o the_o outside_n of_o it_o the_o congelation_n may_v succeed_v much_o the_o more_o nimble_o so_o that_o within_o a_o short_a while_o the_o same_o liquor_n be_v divers_a time_n thaw_v and_o freeze_v again_o may_v possible_o exhibit_v variety_n of_o figure_n and_o the_o production_n of_o ice_n may_v be_v also_o much_o accelerate_a by_o dip_v into_o the_o liquor_n one_o will_v have_v congeal_v the_o convex_a surface_n of_o some_o glass_n or_o other_o smooth_a body_n that_o will_v not_o imbibe_n water_n for_o thereby_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o liquor_n will_v be_v exceed_o extenuate_v and_o how_o much_o such_o a_o thinness_n or_o want_n of_o depth_n may_v dispose_v a_o liquor_n to_o be_v speedy_o penetrate_v and_o congeal_v by_o the_o cold_a may_v be_v guess_v by_o what_o be_v above_o deliver_v in_o the_o section_n out_o of_o olearius_n of_o the_o way_n of_o multiply_a ice_n in_o persia_n by_o make_v water_n thin_o diffuse_v itself_o over_o a_o plate_n of_o ice_n or_o some_o other_o apt_o figure_v and_o very_o cold_a body_n in_o confirmation_n whereof_o i_o will_v add_v on_o this_o occasion_n that_o i_o have_v see_v a_o pair_n of_o stair_n on_o which_o though_o they_o be_v situate_v near_o to_o three_o chimney_n common_o furnish_v with_o fire_n almost_o all_o the_o day_n long_o the_o water_n that_o be_v employ_v to_o wash_v they_o be_v thin_o spread_v with_o a_o mop_n will_v present_o congeal_v though_o they_o assure_v i_o it_o be_v hot_a when_o it_o be_v begin_v to_o be_v lay_v 〈◊〉_d and_o cover_v the_o stair_n with_o glossy_a film_n of_o ice_n and_o i_o have_v likewise_o observe_v in_o a_o very_a sharp_a night_n that_o the_o water_n which_o drop_v down_o from_o the_o nose_n of_o a_o pump_n be_v so_o well_o congeal_v as_o it_o be_v slide_n away_o that_o the_o ice_n thus_o arrest_v in_o its_o passage_n in_o which_o it_o will_v easy_o be_v grant_v that_o it_o spread_v itself_o very_o thin_o have_v raise_v a_o kind_n of_o icy_a pyramid_n of_o a_o considerable_a bigness_n and_o height_n i_o forget_v to_o mention_v in_o due_a place_n and_o therefore_o think_v fit_a to_o take_v notice_n of_o it_o here_o that_o when_o i_o be_v consider_v of_o the_o way_n whereby_o it_o may_v be_v manifest_v to_o those_o that_o want_v nice_a 〈◊〉_d or_o distrust_v their_o skill_n to_o use_v they_o whence_o that_o ice_n come_v that_o appear_v on_o the_o outside_n of_o freeze_a egg_n put_v to_o thaw_v in_o cold_a water_n i_o find_v it_o somewhat_o difficult_a to_o pitch_v upon_o such_o a_o liquor_n as_o i_o desire_v for_o if_o common_a water_n be_v the_o liquor_n employ_v it_o may_v be_v say_v that_o it_o afford_v the_o matter_n whereof_o the_o ice_n in_o question_n be_v make_v and_o if_o i_o employ_v liquor_n that_o be_v spirituous_a or_o saline_a it_o may_v be_v pretend_v that_o the_o frost_n as_o they_o speak_v do_v indeed_o come_v out_o of_o the_o freeze_a egg_n though_o the_o shell_n do_v not_o appear_v case_v with_o ice_n because_o as_o fast_o as_o the_o frost_n come_v to_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o egg_n it_o be_v resolve_v by_o the_o spirituous_a or_o saline_a corpuscle_n of_o the_o liquor_n wherefore_o as_o a_o expedient_a i_o resolve_v to_o make_v use_n of_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n as_o a_o liquor_n which_o i_o have_v find_v incongealable_a by_o the_o great_a cold_a i_o have_v observe_v in_o our_o climate_n and_o which_o yet_o as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o three_o paragraph_n of_o the_o xvi_o title_n be_v more_o indispose_v then_o common_a water_n itself_o to_o thaw_v any_o icy_a efflorescence_n that_o may_v be_v emit_v by_o the_o egg._n but_o the_o experiment_n be_v try_v without_o uniformity_n in_o the_o success_n for_o the_o first_o time_n i_o put_v a_o freeze_a egg_n into_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n i_o do_v not_o observe_v that_o any_o ice_n be_v produce_v on_o the_o outside_n neither_o be_v the_o event_n differ_v when_o another_o time_n i_o put_v two_o freeze_a egg_n together_o into_o a_o small_a vessel_n full_a of_o that_o oil_n though_o to_o refrigerate_v the_o liquor_n the_o vessel_n be_v for_o a_o while_n place_v upon_o a_o mixture_n of_o salt_n and_o ice_n and_o though_o also_o the_o eggshell_n at_o their_o gape_a crack_n produce_v by_o congelation_n discover_v that_o the_o contain_v liquor_n be_v well_o freeze_v i_o intend_v to_o prosecute_v the_o experiment_n another_o time_n want_v ice_n to_o do_v it_o then_o because_o that_o once_o when_o during_o the_o trial_n i_o be_v hinder_v from_o watch_v it_o one_o of_o my_o domestic_n who_o i_o order_v to_o look_v after_o it_o assure_v i_o that_o the_o egg_n that_o be_v put_v to_o thaw_v in_o the_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n have_v there_o obtain_v ice_n on_o the_o outside_n of_o it_o which_o i_o shall_v ready_o have_v believe_v upon_o the_o score_n of_o a_o like_a observation_n i_o have_v make_v myself_o in_o two_o egg_n that_o be_v freeze_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o vessel_n wherein_o they_o have_v be_v put_v to_o thaw_v be_v it_o not_o that_o one_o or_o both_o of_o they_o have_v be_v by_o a_o mistake_n dip_v in_o water_n before_o they_o be_v put_v into_o the_o above_o mention_v oil_n some_o reader_n may_v have_v expect_v to_o find_v among_o the_o example_n recite_v of_o the_o influence_n of_o cold_a upon_o the_o air_n that_o strange_a story_n which_o be_v relate_v by_o the_o learned_a josephus_n acosta_n of_o the_o mountain_n of_o pariacaca_fw-la which_o he_o several_a time_n traverse_v together_o but_o beside_o that_o i_o have_v deliver_v a_o great_a part_n of_o it_o already_o in_o another_o treatise_n i_o be_v loath_a to_o say_v more_o till_o i_o have_v leisure_n which_o i_o have_v not_o now_o to_o discuss_v the_o scruple_n that_o i_o have_v not_o so_o much_o about_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n as_o about_o the_o cause_n which_o perhaps_o may_v be_v something_o beside_o cold_a but_o since_o i_o have_v mention_v this_o xviii_o section_n i_o will_v here_o take_v notice_n of_o what_o i_o then_o intend_v but_o forget_v to_o set_v down_o namely_o that_o to_o the_o instance_n allege_v to_o show_v the_o coldness_n of_o region_n not_o to_o be_v always_o proportionate_a to_o their_o great_a and_o less_o vicinity_n to_o the_o pole_n we_o may_v add_v a_o memorable_a one_o afford_v we_o by_o a_o country_n so_o well_o know_v to_o many_o of_o we_o as_o new_a england_n where_o though_o the_o winter_n be_v so_o long_o and_o bitter_a as_o we_o have_v former_o relate_v out_o of_o mr._n woods_n prospect_n of_o that_o country_n which_o have_v be_v confirm_v to_o i_o by_o a_o american_n physician_n that_o live_v there_o yet_o that_o region_n which_o be_v so_o very_a much_o cold_a than_o we_o be_v in_o many_o place_n no_o less_o than_o a_o 10._o or_o 11._o degree_n remote_a from_o the_o pole_n i_o shall_v add_v to_o the_o same_o xviii_o section_n that_o as_o to_o the_o experiment_n i_o there_o mention_v concern_v wind_n and_o which_o i_o associate_v with_o the_o testimony_n of_o the_o new_o name_v mr._n wood_n i_o find_v that_o the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n and_o some_o other_o circumstance_n may_v vary_v it_o more_o than_o one_o will_v easy_o have_v suspect_v for_o though_o i_o faithful_o recite_v the_o phaenomena_n as_o i_o then_o and_o that_o sometime_o with_o witness_n take_v notice_n of_o they_o yet_o some_o month_n after_o and_o in_o other_o weather_n have_v occasion_n to_o repeat_v the_o former_a 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have_v imagine_v that_o cold_a may_v afford_v a_o hopefull_a way_n than_o for_o aught_o i_o know_v any_o man_n have_v use_v of_o bring_v this_o controversy_n to_o the_o dicision_n of_o a_o experiment_n i_o make_v that_o attempt_n that_o be_v mention_v in_o the_o xii_o title_n in_o prosecution_n of_o which_o as_o soon_o as_o i_o can_v procure_v some_o though_o but_o some_o of_o the_o accommodation_n which_o i_o long_o want_v i_o make_v a_o experiment_n which_o i_o shall_v subjoin_v because_o though_o it_o be_v not_o so_o considerable_a as_o with_o better_a implement_n i_o can_v have_v make_v it_o yet_o the_o way_n i_o choose_v have_v as_o i_o partly_o intimate_v elsewhere_o these_o two_o advantage_n that_o the_o force_n employ_v to_o compress_v the_o air_n be_v both_o very_a great_a and_o very_o gradual_o and_o slow_o apply_v and_o that_o the_o vessel_n will_v not_o like_o those_o that_o have_v be_v hitherto_o make_v use_n of_o give_v any_o passage_n through_o its_o pore_n to_o water_n 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so_o general_o acknowledge_v that_o i_o can_v imagine_v what_o shall_v make_v some_o man_n deny_v it_o except_o it_o be_v that_o they_o find_v all_o other_o to_o confess_v it_o for_o though_o in_o other_o case_n they_o be_v wont_n to_o pretend_v experience_n for_o their_o quit_v the_o receive_a opinion_n yet_o here_o they_o quit_v experience_n itself_o for_o singularity_n and_o choose_v rather_o to_o depart_v from_o the_o testimony_n of_o their_o sense_n than_o not_o to_o depart_v from_o the_o generality_n of_o men._n 2._o and_o to_o evince_v that_o this_o be_v not_o say_v gratis_o i_o may_v observe_v to_o you_o that_o there_o be_v no_o less_o than_o three_o grand_a inducement_n that_o have_v lead_v both_o the_o vulgar_a and_o philosopher_n two_o sort_n of_o man_n that_o seldom_o agree_v in_o other_o thing_n to_o consent_v in_o the_o acknowledgement_n of_o antiperistasis_n authority_n reason_n and_o experience_n but_o though_o i_o think_v fit_a to_o name_v they_o all_o three_o yet_o 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that_o amount_v to_o ascension_n 6._o but_o though_o these_o be_v unquestionable_o the_o effect_n of_o that_o excessive_a coldness_n yet_o we_o need_v not_o go_v so_o far_o as_o the_o top_n of_o mountain_n to_o fetch_v proof_n of_o our_o doctrine_n since_o we_o may_v find_v they_o at_o the_o bottom_n of_o our_o well_n for_o though_o carneades_n perhaps_o will_v not_o yet_o the_o earth_n as_o well_o as_o the_o air_n do_v ready_o acknowledge_v the_o power_n of_o antiperistasis_n and_o if_o the_o reason_n above_o allege_a do_v not_o evince_v it_o our_o very_a sense_n will_v for_o as_o in_o summer_n when_o the_o air_n about_o we_o be_v sultry_a hot_a we_o find_v to_o our_o great_a refreshment_n that_o the_o air_n in_o cellar_n and_o vault_n to_o which_o the_o cold_a than_o retreat_n be_v eminent_a for_o the_o opposite_a quality_n so_o in_o winter_n when_o the_o outward_a air_n freeze_v the_o very_a lake_n and_o river_n where_o their_o surface_n be_v expose_v to_o it_o the_o internal_a 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whence_o not_o only_o subterraneal_a steam_n but_o those_o so_o sulphureous_a as_o to_o be_v easy_o inflammable_a do_v constant_o and_o plentiful_o ascend_v into_o the_o air_n i_o have_v the_o curiosity_n to_o make_v inquiry_n about_o it_o of_o the_o minister_n of_o the_o place_n a_o very_a learned_a man_n and_o conversant_a in_o mine_n who_o then_o happen_v to_o be_v my_o neighbour_n and_o he_o attest_v the_o truth_n of_o the_o relation_n upon_o his_o own_o knowledge_n and_o it_o be_v confirm_v to_o i_o by_o a_o very_a ingenious_a gentleman_n who_o go_v purposely_o to_o visit_v this_o place_n and_o find_v it_o true_a that_o a_o light_a candle_n or_o some_o such_o actual_o burn_a body_n be_v hold_v where_o this_o exhalation_n issue_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n will_v kindle_v it_o and_o make_v it_o actual_o flame_n for_o a_o good_a while_n and_o if_o i_o misremember_v not_o as_o long_o as_o one_o please_v and_o as_o this_o place_n be_v but_o few_o year_n since_o take_v notice_n of_o so_o 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the_o bottom_n and_o partly_o by_o what_o be_v relate_v by_o a_o more_o authentic_a writer_n i_o mean_v that_o learned_a traveller_n the_o jesuit_n martinius_n who_o witness_n that_o at_o peking_n the_o royal_a city_n of_o china_n it_o be_v very_o usual_a that_o after_o the_o river_n and_o pond_n have_v continue_v hard_o freeze_v over_o during_o the_o winter_n the_o thaw_v be_v make_v in_o one_o day_n which_o since_o the_o freeze_a of_o the_o water_n as_o he_o tell_v we_o require_v many_o make_v it_o very_o probable_a that_o the_o sudden_a thaw_n be_v effect_v as_o he_o also_o incline_v to_o think_v by_o subterraneal_a steam_n which_o i_o may_v well_o suppose_v to_o be_v exceed_o copious_a and_o to_o diffuse_v themselves_o every_o way_n to_o a_o very_a great_a extent_n since_o they_o be_v able_a so_o soon_o to_o thaw_v the_o river_n and_o pond_n of_o a_o large_a territory_n and_o
in_o winter_n a_o cold_a northerly_a wind_n freeze_v the_o water_n without_o door_n it_o be_v not_o less_o cold_a in_o wine-cellar_n than_o it_o be_v at_o the_o same_o season_n and_o at_o the_o same_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n in_o his_o study_n only_o the_o paper-shuts_a of_o his_o window_n that_o regard_v likewise_o the_o north_n be_v put_v to_o and_o though_o if_o he_o have_v say_v nothing_o else_o i_o shall_v have_v suspect_v that_o this_o may_v have_v proceed_v from_o the_o shallowness_n of_o the_o cellar_n he_o make_v his_o trial_n in_o yet_o he_o prevent_v that_o suspicion_n by_o take_v notice_n in_o one_o clause_n of_o his_o relation_n that_o the_o cellar_n be_v of_o the_o very_o best_a of_o their_o kind_n in_o which_o in_o summer_n the_o great_a cold_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v feel_v but_o his_o next_o experiment_n be_v yet_o more_o considerable_a which_o i_o shall_v therefore_o deliver_v in_o his_o own_o word_n that_o follow_v expertus_fw-la ego_fw-la sum_fw-la say_v he_o 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autem_fw-la vix_fw-la gradum_fw-la sextum_fw-la super_fw-la avit_fw-la cum_fw-la tamen_fw-la ad_fw-la sensum_fw-la multo_fw-la magis_fw-la vigeret_fw-la frigus_fw-la istud_fw-la 〈◊〉_d thus_o far_o this_o learned_a as_o well_o as_o resolute_a author_n who_o seem_v by_o the_o mathematical_a part_n of_o his_o perspectiva_fw-la horaria_fw-la to_o be_v a_o accurate_a and_o industrious_a maker_n of_o observation_n we_o may_v oppose_v his_o new_o recite_v experiment_n to_o that_o of_o zucchius_n which_o it_o flat_o contradict_v and_o therefore_o since_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o cellar_n be_v of_o great_a moment_n in_o experiment_n of_o this_o nature_n since_o also_o the_o particular_a nature_n of_o the_o place_n or_o soil_n where_o the_o cellar_n or_o other_o cavity_n happen_v to_o be_v may_v in_o some_o case_n not_o be_v inconsiderable_a and_o since_o last_o neither_o zucchius_n nor_o maignan_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v aware_a of_o the_o differ_a weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n in_o the_o self_n same_o place_n as_o not_o have_v see_v the_o xviii_o of_o our_o physicomechanical_a experiment_n before_o which_o i_o never_o see_v nor_o hear_v of_o any_o thing_n publish_v or_o otherwise_o write_v to_o that_o purpose_n i_o hope_v i_o shall_v be_v excuse_v if_o i_o retain_v some_o scruple_n about_o the_o historical_a question_n i_o have_v be_v consider_v till_o the_o experiment_n have_v be_v careful_o make_v for_o a_o competent_a space_n of_o time_n in_o several_a place_n and_o that_o not_o with_o common_a wether_n glass_n like_o those_o use_v by_o my_o two_o learned_a author_n wherein_o the_o liquor_n may_v be_v make_v to_o rise_v and_o fall_v by_o the_o differ_a gravity_n of_o the_o air_n but_o with_o seal_a thermoscope_n wherein_o the_o alteration_n may_v more_o safe_o be_v suppose_v to_o proceed_v only_o from_o its_o heat_n and_o cold_a and_o to_o conclude_v since_o carneades_n have_v specious_o enough_o answer_v the_o other_o observation_n that_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v 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treatise_n to_o which_o it_o belong_v than_o not_o gratify_v some_o of_o the_o curious_a to_o who_o the_o phaenomena_n i_o show_v they_o of_o it_o seem_v no_o less_o pretty_a than_o surprise_v the_o way_n than_o that_o i_o use_v in_o make_v this_o experiment_n may_v be_v gather_v from_o the_o follow_a direction_n take_v of_o good_a unslake_v lime_n three_o part_n or_o thereabouts_o miscarry_v of_o yellow_a orpiment_a one_o part_n of_o fair_a water_n 15._o or_o 16._o part_n beat_v the_o lime_n gross_o and_o powder_v the_o orpiment_n with_o care_n to_o avoid_v the_o noxious_a dust_n that_o may_v fly_v up_o pound_v and_o have_v put_v these_o two_o ingredient_n into_o the_o water_n let_v they_o remain_v there_o for_o two_o or_o three_o hour_n or_o long_o if_o needs_o be_v remember_v to_o shake_v or_o stir_v the_o mixture_n from_o time_n to_o time_n by_o this_o mean_v you_o will_v obtain_v a_o somewhat_o fetid_v liquor_n whereof_o by_o wary_o decant_v or_o by_o filtrate_v it_o the_o clear_a 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succedaneum_fw-la and_o put_v the_o powder_n and_o liquor_n into_o a_o glass_n vial_n or_o any_o other_o convenient_a vessel_n let_v they_o infuse_v over_o hot_a embers_o or_o in_o some_o considerable_o warm_a place_n for_o two_o or_o three_o hour_n more_o or_o less_o till_o the_o liquor_n have_v acquire_v a_o very_a sweet_a taste_n all_o thing_n be_v thus_o prepare_v take_v a_o new_a 〈◊〉_d at_o least_o a_o clean_a pen_n and_o write_v with_o it_o some_o such_o thing_n as_o you_o either_o desire_n or_o need_v not_o fear_v to_o have_v read_v between_o if_o you_o please_v or_o which_o be_v safe_o please_v over_o the_o line_n which_o contain_v your_o secret_a and_o which_o be_v to_o be_v trace_v with_o the_o solution_n of_o 〈◊〉_d for_o this_o liquor_n if_o it_o be_v either_o well_o decant_v or_o filter_v
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horse-raddish_n and_o 〈◊〉_d have_v be_v infuse_v will_v not_o 〈◊〉_d so_o soon_o as_o other_o strong_a beer_n without_o they_o orange_n and_o lemon_n freeze_v have_v a_o tough_a and_o hard_a rind_n their_o icy_a juice_n lose_v much_o of_o their_o genuine_a taste_n they_o be_v both_o freeze_a hard_a in_o 26._o hour_n or_o a_o little_a more_o have_v a_o thick_a rind_n they_o as_o other_o fruit_n when_o thaw_v soon_o become_v rot_v and_o therefore_o the_o fruiterer_n keep_v they_o under_o ground_n in_o low_a cellar_n and_o cover_v they_o with_o straw_n as_o they_o do_v their_o apple_n which_o do_v expose_v in_o one_o night_n freeze_v throughout_o if_o you_o cut_v one_o of_o they_o through_o the_o middle_n it_o will_v have_v on_o both_o the_o plain_n a_o most_o pure_a thin_a ice_n hardly_o discernible_a by_o the_o eye_n but_o easy_o by_o the_o touch_n or_o by_o scrape_v it_o off_o with_o a_o knife_n the_o cores_fw-la of_o these_o apple_n soon_o turn_v brown_a and_o begin_v their_o 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figure_n of_o freeze_a urine_n i_o shall_v say_v nothing_o the_o accurate_a description_n of_o curious_a mr._n hook_n have_v so_o full_o and_o true_o perform_v that_o part_n of_o my_o task_n now_o as_o to_o the_o famous_a experiment_n of_o quercetan_n and_o affirm_v by_o many_o other_o chemist_n i_o make_v experiment_n in_o these_o follow_a vegetable_n rosemary_n rue_n scurvigrass_n mint_n and_o plantain_n wherewith_o i_o thus_o proceed_v i_o mix_v with_o ½_o a_o pint_n of_o their_o distil_a water_n ½_o or_o ¾_n of_o a_o ounce_n of_o their_o own_o salt_n the_o rosemary_n and_o rue_n be_v calcine_v and_o their_o salt_n extract_v with_o their_o own_o water_n and_o then_o be_v add_v to_o their_o salt_n their_o own_o distil_a water_n in_o the_o above_o mention_v proportion_n the_o glass_n wherein_o the_o rue_n and_o plantain_n be_v put_v be_v seal_v with_o hermes_n seal_v and_o the_o other_o glass_n leave_v open_a the_o effect_n be_v that_o neither_o of_o they_o show_v the_o least_o 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by_o a_o black_a spot_n where_o the_o hole_n enter_v into_o the_o cavity_n all_o the_o same_o phaenomena_n appear_v in_o a_o second_o trial_n but_o that_o the_o bubble_n be_v short_a and_o large_a and_o not_o so_o sharp_a point_v the_o like_a i_o also_o observe_v in_o a_o conical_a glass_n seal_v up_o the_o next_o thing_n to_o be_v treat_v of_o be_v the_o effect_n of_o freeze_a viz._n the_o expansion_n of_o liquor_n freeze_v and_o consequent_o thereunto_o the_o break_n of_o body_n wherein_o they_o be_v enclose_v all_o the_o liquor_n try_v do_v sensible_o in_o glass_n tubes_fw-la rise_v beyond_o my_o mark_n before_o the_o liquor_n can_v sensible_o be_v discern_v to_o freeze_v and_o after_o rise_v somewhat_o high_o with_o freeze_a the_o height_n of_o the_o rise_n i_o shall_v here_o set_v of_o a_o few_o experiment_n instead_o of_o many_o make_v have_v trouble_v your_o patience_n too_o long_o in_o the_o former_a paragraph_n in_o several_a process_n vinegar_n and_o urine_n rise_v about_o 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mixture_n and_o that_o the_o water_n rise_v high_a with_o then_o without_o they_o i_o find_v also_o that_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n alone_o mix_v with_o snow_n or_o ice_n have_v the_o same_o effect_n though_o not_o so_o powerful_a one_o affirm_v that_o saltpetre_n dissolve_v in_o water_n and_o put_v into_o a_o bolt-head_n and_o long_o agitate_a not_o only_o cool_v the_o hand_n exceed_o which_o be_v very_o true_a but_o also_o convert_v it_o to_o ice_n yea_o in_o the_o very_a summer_n month_n which_o answer_v not_o my_o trial_n though_o keep_v a_o whole_a hour_n in_o that_o agitation_n in_o the_o hard_a season_n this_o follow_a experiment_n also_o i_o add_v propose_v to_o i_o i_o fill_v a_o bolt-head_n contain_v a_o quart_n of_o water_n and_o set_v it_o in_o a_o iron_n pan_n surround_v it_o on_o every_o side_n with_o snow_n which_o cover_v also_o part_n of_o the_o neck_n and_o then_o set_v the_o kettle_n over_o the_o fire_n and_o take_v now_o and_o then_o the_o bolt-head_n from_o the_o 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softness_n indeed_o be_v manifest_a too_o by_o the_o track_n of_o beast_n which_o appear_v more_o fair_a the_o snow_n not_o rise_v on_o the_o side_n of_o the_o impression_n make_v by_o their_o foot_n as_o it_o do_v in_o old_a but_o retain_v their_o perfect_a character_n 8._o watercress_n and_o scurvigrass_n grow_v under_o the_o snow_n in_o garden_n i_o apprehend_v not_o that_o any_o plant_n whatsoever_o grow_v at_o all_o in_o hard_a season_n my_o meaning_n be_v that_o no_o plant_n acquire_v any_o great_a bulk_n of_o quantity_n but_o keep_v at_o a_o stand_v only_o and_o this_o countryman_n affirm_v of_o grass_n and_o corn_n and_o gardiner_n of_o other_o plant_n it_o be_v true_a many_o plant_n will_v upon_o thaw_v show_v a_o fine_a verdure_n and_o if_o warm_a weather_n present_o follow_v all_o vegetable_n will_v thrive_v exceed_o for_o how_o they_o shall_v thus_o grow_v when_o their_o nourish_a liquor_n be_v congeal_v and_o consequent_o become_v immovable_a i_o understand_v not_o 9_o air_n be_v include_v in_o snow_n which_o this_o way_n of_o i_o to_o make_v snow_n full_o convince_v i_o take_v the_o white_n of_o egg_n and_o beat_v they_o in_o the_o open_a air_n with_o a_o spoon_n into_o a_o frothy_a consistence_n as_o woman_n do_v to_o make_v their_o snow_n posset_n and_o then_o take_v a_o little_a of_o this_o substance_n and_o lay_v it_o on_o a_o trencher_n it_o soon_o become_v plain_a flake_n of_o snow_n so_o that_o none_o that_o see_v they_o can_v judge_v otherwise_o another_o accidental_a experiment_n prove_v the_o same_o for_o have_v put_v water_n into_o a_o tube_n and_o have_v long_o and_o strong_o agitate_a it_o there_o arise_v many_o bubble_n at_o the_o top_n which_o soon_o freeze_v my_o agitation_n cease_v become_v perfect_a snow_n and_o now_o have_v here_o set_v down_o the_o way_n of_o counterfeit_v at_o least_o if_o not_o of_o make_v snow_n i_o will_v add_v how_o a_o pruina_fw-la or_o hoar_a frost_n also_o may_v be_v imitate_v i_o take_v a_o pail_n fill_v with_o warm_a water_n and_o hang_v over_o it_o hair_n moss_n and_o a_o piece_n of_o rosemary_n now_o the_o atomical_a vapour_n rise_v from_o the_o water_n fix_v themselves_o on_o the_o moss_n hair_n and_o rosemary_n become_v on_o they_o a_o perfect_a hoar_a frost_n the_o like_a be_v daily_o see_v on_o the_o beard_n and_o hair_n of_o man_n and_o horse_n travel_v in_o cold_a winter_n night_n or_o morning_n proceed_v from_o their_o breath_n steam_n of_o their_o body_n or_o moist_a atom_n of_o the_o air._n i_o try_v also_o to_o make_v hail_n with_o drop_n of_o water_n but_o can_v not_o hit_v on_o it_o for_o they_o will_v never_o become_v white_a whence_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o hail_n be_v not_o drop_n of_o rain_n suffer_v glaciation_n in_o the_o
a_o far_o deep_a colour_n and_o bitter_a taste_n in_o the_o middle_n and_o towards_o the_o bottom_n then_o towards_o the_o outside_n of_o it_o and_o whereas_o barclay_n relate_v that_o king_n james_n be_v in_o denmark_n to_o fetch_v his_o queen_n thence_o in_o the_o winter_n season_n have_v his_o nose_n and_o ear_n in_o danger_n of_o gangreen_v which_o be_v timely_o perceive_v by_o some_o of_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n nobility_n they_o cause_v the_o part_n to_o be_v rub_v with_o snow_n and_o so_o the_o danger_n be_v avoid_v the_o same_o traveller_n affirm_v that_o in_o the_o northern_a part_n where_o man_n become_v stiff_a with_o cold_a and_o almost_o freeze_v to_o death_n that_o they_o rub_v the_o freeze_a part_n with_o snow_n or_o else_o cast_v the_o whole_a body_n into_o water_n by_o which_o mean_v the_o whole_a body_n be_v crust_v over_o with_o ice_n as_o egg_n and_o apple_n be_v as_o if_o the_o freeze_a atom_n do_v pass_v from_o the_o body_n freeze_v into_o the_o water_n or_o snow_n and_o this_o way_n of_o cure_v gangrene_n from_o cold_a sennertus_n do_v prescribe_v to_o make_v some_o experiment_n hereof_o i_o expose_v flesh_n and_o fish_n and_o find_v that_o by_o immerse_v they_o into_o water_n they_o soon_o become_v more_o limber_a and_o flexible_a and_o more_o easy_o yield_v to_o the_o knife_n and_o compass_v with_o a_o crust_n of_o ice_n of_o the_o thickness_n of_o about_o half_a a_o crown_n manifest_a token_n of_o their_o thaw_v and_o be_v cut_v they_o discover_v nothing_o of_o ice_n in_o they_o this_o for_o more_o certainty_n i_o often_o reiterated_a as_o also_o in_o egg_n and_o apple_n above_o a_o dozen_o time_n and_o never_o fail_v of_o unthaw_v they_o by_o this_o way_n it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v if_o you_o immerse_v the_o flesh_n fish_n egg_n or_o apple_n deep_a into_o the_o water_n no_o ice_n will_v appear_v on_o their_o outside_n but_o only_o when_o you_o hold_v they_o near_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n as_o to_o the_o persian_a experiment_n mention_v by_o olearius_n of_o make_v huge_a heap_n of_o ice_n to_o be_v preserve_v for_o cool_v of_o their_o drink_n i_o observe_v that_o by_o pour_v water_n into_o a_o open_a pan_n or_o into_o a_o flask_n gradual_o some_o at_o one_o time_n some_o at_o another_o i_o can_v quick_o freeze_v by_o this_o way_n a_o whole_a flaskfull_a when_o near_o half_a of_o a_o flask_n fill_v at_o one_o though_o help_v by_o art_n be_v unfrozen_a i_o observe_v also_o that_o the_o ditch_n betwixt_o southwark_n and_o redderiff_n have_v acquire_v a_o exceed_a thickness_n of_o ice_n cause_v by_o the_o flow_a of_o the_o water_n in_o they_o at_o full_a tide_n for_o new_a water_n be_v bring_v in_o by_o the_o tide_n be_v there_o congeal_v to_o the_o thickness_n of_o some_o inch_n every_o ebb_a and_o flow_v i_o observe_v also_o the_o ice_n on_o the_o bank_n of_o thames_n above_o two_o yard_n thick_a the_o inhabitant_n tell_v i_o they_o have_v see_v it_o three_o or_o four_o yard_n thick_a which_o thus_o come_v to_o pass_v the_o tide_n flow_v in_o and_o meet_v with_o great_a flake_n of_o ice_n drive_v they_o to_o the_o bank_n and_o lodge_v they_o on_o the_o ice_n there_o freeze_v which_o flake_n unite_n there_o with_o the_o former_a ice_n raise_v it_o to_o that_o excessive_a height_n or_o thickness_n beside_o every_o one_o may_v observe_v in_o london_n street_n and_o elsewhere_o in_o channel_n where_o no_o constant_a current_n be_v that_o water_n come_v from_o the_o house_n soon_o fill_v the_o channel_n with_o thick_a ice_n for_o run_v but_o a_o little_a at_o a_o time_n it_o freeze_v almost_o as_o fast_o as_o it_o come_v thither_o nay_o i_o have_v see_v ice_n of_o some_o yard_n thickness_n in_o such_o place_n where_o a_o small_a rill_n or_o stream_n of_o water_n gentle_o fall_v on_o the_o side_n of_o a_o hill_n among_o those_o thing_n that_o will_v freeze_v mortar_n and_o plaster_n of_o paris_n be_v omit_v and_o thence_o it_o be_v that_o plasterer_n and_o bricklayer_n play_v all_o the_o winter_n my_o lord_n verulam_n in_o his_o natural_a history_n and_o some_o from_o he_o have_v affirm_v to_o i_o that_o apple_n and_o egg_n cover_v with_o a_o wet_a cloth_n will_v not_o freeze_v but_o i_o find_v no_o difference_n in_o those_o that_o be_v thus_o cover_v and_o they_o that_o be_v not_o add_v to_o those_o that_o sink_v upon_o congelation_n all_o oil_n from_o animal_n and_o from_o vegetable_n that_o be_v extract_v by_o expression_n or_o boil_a add_v to_o those_o that_o freeze_v not_o water_n and_o sugar_n boil_v to_o the_o consistence_n of_o a_o syrup_n and_o also_o all_o other_o syrup_n none_o whereof_o i_o can_v ever_o take_v notice_n or_o learn_v by_o other_o that_o they_o will_v freeze_v it_o be_v true_a that_o water_n have_v a_o equal_a quantity_n of_o sugar_n dissolve_v in_o it_o will_v freeze_v but_o with_o a_o little_a more_o mix_v therewith_o freeze_v not_o to_o try_v the_o effect_n of_o cold_a upon_o lodestone_n i_o expose_v several_a of_o they_o in_o the_o open_a air_n and_o also_o within_o room_n in_o the_o most_o severe_a weather_n the_o needle_n be_v keep_v in_o a_o warm_a place_n at_o other_o time_n i_o expose_v the_o needle_n to_o the_o cold_a air_n keep_v the_o stone_n warm_a at_o other_o time_n both_o be_v expose_v but_o in_o none_o of_o my_o experiment_n can_v i_o conclude_v any_o thing_n certain_a to_o their_o attractive_a faculty_n for_o the_o sphere_n of_o their_o activity_n be_v find_v to_o be_v sometime_o great_a and_o sometime_o less_o to_o a_o considerable_a difference_n in_o ten_o several_a good_a stone_n employ_v for_o this_o purpose_n i_o assay_v also_o to_o find_v out_o a_o standard_n of_o cold_a whereby_o to_o fit_v the_o tinged_a spirit_n of_o wine_n for_o the_o weather-glass_n and_o to_o that_o end_n make_v use_v of_o conduit_n water_n and_o the_o distil_a water_n of_o plantain_n poppy_n blackcherry_n nightshade_n scurvigrass_n and_o horse-raddish_n all_o which_o be_v first_o place_v in_o the_o same_o room_n 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open_a wether_n glass_n mention_v pag._n 24_o &_o 43_o figure_n 3._o the_o seal_a weatherglass_n or_o thermoscopâ—mentioned_v pag._n 24_o 55_o 56._o figure_n 4._o the_o barometer_n oâ—_n mercurial_a standard_n place_v in_o frame_n b_o b_o mention_v pag._n 25_o figure_n 5._o a_o instrument_n mention_v pag._n 93._o a_o the_o vial._n b_o c_o the_o pipe_n cement_v in_o it_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o vial_n open_a at_o â—_o and_o seal_v at_o b._n figure_n 6._o pag._n 97._o a_o the_o bolt-head_n b_o the_o small_a stem_n b_o c_o the_o cylinder_n of_o wateâ—_n enclose_v figure_n 7._o pag._n 101._o 101._o it_o be_v think_v needless_a to_o insert_v mr._n hobs_n scheme_n touch_v this_o subject_n because_o it_o only_o show_v that_o wind_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o cold._n sceptical_a chemist_n chemist_n chapter_n the_o five_o of_o that_o treatise_n treatise_n the_o two_o essay_n of_o the_o unsuccesfulness_n of_o experiment_n experiment_n another_o remarkable_a instance_n of_o the_o variable_a success_n of_o the_o experiment_n of_o cold_a i_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d with_o in_o a_o experiment_n 〈◊〉_d the_o 〈◊〉_d dr._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o 〈◊〉_d of_o oil_n of_o 〈◊〉_d for_o though_o i_o 〈◊〉_d that_o liquor_n in_o small_a '_o vessel_n of_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d in_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d at_o one_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o 〈◊〉_d of_o the_o air_n in_o 〈◊〉_d night_n 〈◊〉_d extraordinary_o sharp_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v more_o our_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o salt_n will_v 〈◊〉_d the_o experiment_n succeed_v 〈◊〉_d that_o we_o try_v it_o with_o several_a parcel_n of_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n and_o yet_o that_o the_o learned_a doctor_n by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o air_n alone_o for_o he_o use_v not_o our_o 〈◊〉_d mixture_n do_v bring_v that_o liquor_n either_o to_o
a_o true_a 〈◊〉_d or_o a_o coagulate_v substance_n that_o look_v just_a like_o ice_n both_o 〈◊〉_d eminent_a virtuoso_n and_o i_o myself_o who_o have_v the_o curiosity_n to_o 〈◊〉_d it_o can_v bear_v he_o witness_v lib._n 1._o titulo_fw-la de_fw-la frig_n asperitate_fw-la pag._n 9_o this_o be_v point_v at_o in_o the_o three_o page_n of_o the_o follow_a account_n where_o mention_n be_v make_v of_o a_o honourable_a person_n etc._n etc._n see_v the_o publisher_n advertisement_n to_o the_o reader_n reader_n among_o which_o i_o be_o since_o inform_v that_o he_o have_v try_v divers_a before_o he_o see_v my_o paper_n paper_n so_o one_o of_o the_o chief_a passage_n of_o the_o examen_fw-la of_o antiperistasis_n be_v much_o confirm_v by_o the_o forty_o four_o and_o forty_o five_o page_n of_o the_o follow_a paper_n which_o contain_v a_o account_n of_o a_o trial_n make_v by_o the_o command_n of_o the_o royal_a society_n to_o who_o it_o be_v propose_v by_o the_o author_n of_o the_o examen_fw-la with_o a_o request_n that_o they_o will_v be_v please_v to_o order_v it_o to_o be_v make_v the_o art_n of_o pottery_n pag._n 27_o 28._o see_v the_o 18._o of_o our_o new_a physicomechanical_a experiment_n in_o the_o defence_n against_o linus_n cap._n 4_o dr._n h._n p._n a_o ingenious_a man_n have_v propose_v another_o way_n of_o settle_v a_o standard_n for_o weather-glass_n namely_o by_o observe_v the_o coldness_n which_o be_v requisite_a to_o make_v distil_v water_n begin_v to_o freeze_v but_o though_o the_o accurateness_n of_o this_o way_n may_v be_v as_o well_o as_o the_o other_o just_o question_v and_o can_v often_o be_v put_v in_o practice_n even_o in_o winter_n itself_o nor_o without_o trouble_n yet_o it_o may_v also_o be_v advantageous_o make_v use_n of_o when_o the_o cold_a happen_v to_o be_v great_a enough_o to_o freeze_v water_n dr._n wren_n dr._n goddard_n mr._n hook_n defence_n against_o linus_n cap._n the_o 5_o theatr._fw-la chynic_n volume_n 6._o vitrum_fw-la optimè_fw-la clausum_fw-la ne_fw-la quid_fw-la exspir_n be_v posset_n in_o loco_fw-la ubi_fw-la quiesceret_fw-la statui_fw-la 〈◊〉_d sine_fw-la animi_fw-la voluptate_fw-la lice_n bat_n in_o pleniluniis_fw-la manifesta_fw-la inclusi_fw-la liquoris_fw-la incrementa_fw-la observare_fw-la in_fw-la noviluniis_fw-la vero_fw-la decrementa_fw-la etc._n etc._n they_o be_v the_o word_n of_o paulus_n casatus_fw-la in_o his_o terra_fw-la machinis_fw-la mota_fw-la pag._n 143._o but_o since_o the_o write_n of_o these_o praeliminary_a discourse_n the_o author_n of_o they_o have_v consult_v by_o the_o mean_n of_o some_o ingenious_a friend_n the_o learned_a casatus_fw-la find_v that_o he_o never_o make_v nor_o see_v the_o experiment_n himself_o but_o relate_v it_o upon_o the_o authority_n of_o a_o certain_a dutchman_n who_o name_n he_o add_v not_o and_o who_o therefore_o may_v probable_o be_v the_o same_o orthelius_fw-la that_o be_v mention_v by_o the_o author_n of_o these_o praeliminary_a discourse_n who_o think_v it_o requisite_a to_o give_v the_o reader_n this_o advertisement_n because_o casatus_fw-la himself_o do_v not_o as_o he_o shall_v have_v do_v intimate_v that_o he_o de_fw-mi iver_v this_o but_o upon_o another_o credit_n l'_fw-mi hydrographie_n du_fw-fr p._n fournier_n liv_o 18._o cap._n 12._o defence_n against_o linus_n cap._n 3._o sect._n 11._o of_o the_o same_o 30._o chap._n see_v more_o concern_v these_o weather-glass_n in_o the_o first_o of_o these_o three_o discourse_n see_v the_o 〈…〉_z gure_n 〈…〉_z rest_n 〈…〉_z pag._n 58._o olai_n magni_fw-la gent._n sept._n hist._n lib._n 11._o cap._n 24._o olaus_n magnus_n in_o historia_fw-la gentium_fw-la septentrionalium_fw-la lib._n 11._o cap._n 20._o &_o 21._o cap._n 6._o pag._n 42._o see_v the_o praeliminary_a discourse_n 4._o jan._n 15._o 15._o see_v the_o latter_a part_n of_o the_o next_o title_n in_o the_o discourse_n touch_v the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la gulielmus_fw-la fabritius_n hildanus_fw-la de_fw-fr gangr_n &_o 〈◊〉_d cap._n 10._o barthol_n de_fw-fr usu_fw-la nivis_fw-la pag._n 80._o pag._n 74._o pag._n 79._o barthol_n de_fw-fr figurâ_fw-la nivis_fw-la pag._n 79_o 〈◊〉_d de_fw-fr usu_fw-la nivis_fw-la pag._n 83._o capt._n james_n trau._n pag._n 76._o barthol_n de_fw-fr usu_fw-la nivis_fw-la cap._n 12._o 12._o of_o the_o usefulness_n of_o experimental_a philosophy_n purch_n lib._n 3._o cap._n 5._o sect._n 2._o pag._n 493._o pag._n 73._o pag._n 67._o lib._n 1._o sect._n 〈◊〉_d cap._n 5._o pag._n 122._o nicholaus_fw-la zucchius_n &_o melchior_n cornaeus_fw-la it_o freeze_v so_o sore_o within_o the_o house_n that_o the_o wall_n &_o the_o roof_n thereof_o be_v freeze_v two_o finger_n thick_a with_o ice_n and_o also_o in_o our_o cabin_n where_o we_o lie_v all_o those_o three_o day_n while_o we_o can_v not_o go_v out_o gerat_fw-la de_fw-la 〈◊〉_d in_o his_o three_o voyage_n pag._n 64._o feb._n 4._o 1661._o decemb._n 11._o 1662._o decemb._n decemb._n decemb._n the_o 17._o barthol_n de_fw-fr nivis_fw-la usu_fw-la chap._n 6._o 6._o in_o our_o hydrostatical_a paradox_n exit_fw-la nive_v copiosa_fw-la glaciata_fw-la compacta_fw-la pag._n 14._o 14._o mr._n hudsons_n voyage_n for_o the_o discovery_n of_o the_o northwest_n passage_n write_v partly_o by_o mr._n abacuch_n pricket_n pricket_n in_o the_o sect_n about_o the_o temperature_n of_o the_o air._n air._n new_a exp._n physico-mech_a exper._n 6._o 6._o see_v the_o forecited_a place_n place_n the_o appendix_n to_o the_o physicomechanical_a experiment_n decemb._n the_o 13._o decemb._n 13._o voyage_n de_fw-fr 〈◊〉_d &_o de_fw-fr perseus_n liv._o v._n pag._n 63._o pag._n 86._o 86._o the_o breadth_n be_v i_o know_v not_o how_o omit_v in_o the_o note_n but_o as_o i_o remember_v it_o be_v about_o a_o 8._o part_n of_o a_o inch._n olaus_n ma._n gent._n septentr_n hist._n lib._n 1._o cap._n 14._o purchas_n lib._n 4._o cap._n 13._o purchas_n lib._n 4._o cap._n 13._o pag._n 813._o 813._o neither_o hereafter_o will_v i_o marvel_v though_o the_o strait_a of_o weigat_n be_v stop_v up_o to_o the_o north-east_n with_o such_o huge_a mountain_n of_o ice_n since_o the_o river_n oby_n and_o jenesce_fw-la and_o very_o many_o more_o who_o name_n be_v not_o yet_o know_v pour_v out_o such_o a_o quantity_n thereof_o that_o in_o a_o manner_n it_o be_v incredible_a for_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o spring_n that_o in_o place_n near_o unto_o the_o sea_n the_o ice_n through_o the_o excessive_a thickness_n and_o multitude_n thereof_o do_v carry_v down_o wood_n before_o it_o and_o without_o doubt_n this_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o about_o the_o shore_n of_o the_o strait_a of_o weigate_n so_o great_a abundance_n of_o floatiug_v wood_n be_v every_o where_o see_v and_o whereas_o in_o that_o strait_a near_o nnto_n nova_n zembla_n it_o be_v so_o extreme_a cold_n it_o be_v no_o marvel_n if_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o narrowness_n of_o the_o strait_a so_o huge_a heap_n of_o ice_n be_v gather_v and_o freeze_v together_o that_o in_o the_o end_n they_o grow_v to_o sixty_o or_o at_o least_o to_o fifty_o fathom_n thickness_n say_v the_o description_n of_o the_o country_n of_o siberia_n samojeda_n etc._n etc._n extant_a in_o purchas_n three_o part_n of_o his_o pilgrim_n lib._n 3._o cap._n 7._o pag._n 14._o pag._n 106._o purchas_n lib._n 4._o cap._n 18._o pag._n 837._o pag._n 17._o hydrographie_n du_fw-fr p._n g._n fournier_n liv_o 9_o cap._n 29._o compare_v with_o the_o 22._o chap._n of_o the_o same_o book_n olai_n mag._n lib._n 3._o cap._n 2._o pag._n 334_o 334_o saepe_fw-la alias_o &_o his_o annis_fw-la fatalibus_fw-la tam_fw-la profundè_fw-la congelavit_fw-la marina_fw-la aqua_fw-la ut_fw-la non_fw-la tantùm_fw-la plaustra_fw-la sed_fw-la integrum_fw-la exercitum_fw-la ad_fw-la aliquot_fw-la milliaria_fw-la germanica_n secure_a vexerit_fw-la etc._n etc._n inquit_fw-la t._n barthol_n de_fw-fr nivis_fw-la usu_fw-la pag._n 43._o barthol_n de_fw-fr nivis_fw-la usu_fw-la cap._n 6._o glycas_n apud_fw-la fournier_n liv_o 9_o cap._n 19_o in_o the_o evening_n we_o be_v enclose_v among_o great_a piece_n of_o ice_n as_o high_a as_o our_o poop_n and_o some_o of_o the_o sharp_a blue_a corner_n of_o they_o do_v reach_v quite_o under_o we_o capt._n jam._n pag._n 6._o olaus_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 14._o olaus_n magnus_n 〈◊〉_d 11._o &_o blefkenius_fw-la in_o purch_n lib._n 3._o cap._n 22._o i_o have_v see_v also_o the_o side_n line_v with_o reed_n 〈◊〉_d instead_o of_o board_v or_o steen_v pag._n 101._o pag._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o the_o sceptical_a chemist_n the_o dialogue_n about_o heat_n and_o flame_n 〈◊〉_d bernard_n de_fw-fr palissey_n au_fw-fr traitté_fw-fr du_fw-fr sel_n commum_fw-la de_fw-fr clave_n au_fw-fr second_v livre_fw-fr das_fw-la pierres_fw-la &_o pierreris_fw-la cap._n 2._o ibid._n 〈◊〉_d de_fw-fr 〈◊〉_d liure_n 11._o cap._n 2._o 2._o in_o the_o discourse_n about_o antiperistasis_n the_o follow_a passage_n be_v take_v out_o of_o a_o 〈◊〉_d narrative_a consist_v of_o about_o two_o sheet_n of_o paper_n of_o joh._n baptista_n morinus_n publish_v in_o the_o year_n 1619._o and_o title_v relatio_fw-la de_fw-la locis_fw-la subterraneis_fw-la annex_v
claret-wine_n and_o if_o thrust_v down_o into_o either_o of_o these_o liquor_n they_o nimble_o enough_o emerge_v 6._o whether_o or_o no_o chemical_a oil_n though_o like_v express_v oil_n they_o shrink_v with_o a_o moderate_a degree_n of_o cold_a will_v by_o congelation_n be_v like_v they_o contract_v or_o like_o aqueous_a liquor_n expanded_a we_o can_v not_o satisfy_v ourselves_o by_o experiment_n because_o we_o be_v unable_a to_o advance_v cold_a to_o a_o degree_n capable_a of_o bring_v such_o oil_n to_o congelation_n only_o we_o have_v thought_n to_o make_v a_o trial_n with_o oil_n of_o aniseed_n distil_v with_o water_n in_o a_o limbeck_n in_o regard_n that_o though_o it_o be_v a_o very_a subtle_a liquor_n and_o as_o chemist_n call_v it_o a_o essential_a oil_n and_o though_o in_o the_o summer_n time_n and_o at_o some_o other_o season_n if_o the_o weather_n be_v warm_a it_o will_v remain_v fluid_a yet_o in_o the_o winter_n when_o the_o air_n be_v cold_a it_o will_v if_o it_o be_v well_o draw_v and_o genuine_a easy_o enough_o lose_v its_o fluidity_n and_o therefore_o we_o think_v it_o may_v do_v well_o to_o pour_v some_o of_o it_o in_o moderate_a weather_n into_o a_o convenient_o shape_a glass_n and_o then_o to_o freeze_v it_o external_o by_o the_o application_n of_o ice_n and_o salt_n that_o we_o may_v observe_v whether_o upon_o congelation_n it_o will_v shrink_v or_o be_v expanded_a and_o according_o though_o we_o be_v not_o provide_v with_o any_o quantity_n of_o this_o oil_n yet_o in_o weather_n that_o be_v not_o sharp_a we_o do_v by_o the_o help_n of_o some_o ice_n which_o we_o procure_v when_o the_o season_n make_v it_o a_o rarity_n surround_v a_o glass_n pipe_n fill_v with_o fluid_a oil_n of_o aniseed_n and_o find_v though_o the_o pipe_n be_v but_o short_a yet_o the_o enclose_a substance_n when_o it_o have_v lose_v its_o fluidity_n have_v considerable_o lose_v of_o the_o height_n which_o it_o reach_v to_o before_o 7._o and_o because_o the_o empyreumatical_a oil_n that_o be_v drive_v out_o of_o retort_v by_o somewhat_o violent_a fire_n seem_v to_o be_v of_o a_o nature_n differ_v enough_o from_o those_o essential_a oil_n as_o artist_n call_v they_o which_o be_v draw_v in_o limbeck_n by_o the_o help_n of_o water_n as_o well_o as_o fire_n and_o because_o we_o observe_v that_o some_o of_o the_o firm_a oil_n may_v be_v use_v in_o physic_n in_o much_o large_a dose_n then_o it_o be_v think_v safe_a to_o give_v the_o latter_a in_o conjecture_v from_o hence_o that_o probable_o empyreumatical_a oil_n may_v be_v less_o hot_a and_o so_o less_o indispose_v to_o congelation_n we_o think_v fit_a to_o make_v trial_n no_o body_n else_o in_o probability_n have_v do_v it_o whether_o the_o cold_a in_o our_o climate_n can_v be_v bring_v to_o freeze_v these_o oil_n and_o whether_o it_o will_v expand_v or_o condense_a they_o wherefore_o expose_v in_o convenient_o shape_v vessel_n some_o good_a oil_n of_o guajacum_fw-la that_o be_v diaphanous_a enough_o though_o very_o high_o colour_v to_o the_o great_a cold_a we_o can_v produce_v we_o attempt_v but_o in_o vain_a to_o deprive_v it_o of_o its_o fluidity_n all_o that_o we_o be_v able_a to_o effect_v be_v to_o make_v it_o very_o manifest_o shrink_v title_n ix_o experiment_n in_o consort_n touch_v the_o bubble_n from_o which_o the_o levity_n of_o ice_n be_v suppose_v to_o proceed_v 1._o since_o the_o first_o thing_n that_o make_v the_o modern_n suspect_v that_o water_n be_v expanded_a by_o freeze_a be_v the_o float_v of_o ice_n upon_o water_n it_o will_v not_o be_v 〈◊〉_d for_o confirmation_n of_o that_o argument_n to_o take_v some_o notice_n of_o the_o 〈◊〉_d of_o ice_n in_o respect_n of_o water_n this_o be_v best_a observe_v in_o great_a quantity_n of_o ice_n for_o whereas_o in_o small_a fragment_n or_o plate_n the_o ice_n though_o it_o 〈◊〉_d not_o to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o water_n will_v oftentimes_o sink_v so_o low_a in_o it_o as_o scarce_o to_o leave_v any_o part_n evident_o extant_a above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n in_o vast_a quantity_n of_o ice_n that_o extancy_n be_v sometime_o so_o conspicuous_a that_o navigator_n in_o their_o voyage_n to_o island_n greenland_n and_o other_o freeze_a region_n complain_v of_o meeting_n with_o lump_n or_o rather_o float_v rock_n of_o ice_n as_o high_a as_o their_o main_a mast_n and_o if_o we_o shall_v meet_v with_o case_n wherein_o we_o may_v safe_o suppose_v the_o ice_n to_o be_v as_o solid_a as_o entire_a piece_n of_o ice_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v with_o we_o and_o not_o to_o be_v make_v up_o of_o icy_a fragment_n cement_v together_o with_o the_o interception_n of_o considerable_a cavity_n fill_v with_o air_n it_o will_v not_o be_v difficult_a for_o any_o that_o understand_v hydrostaticks_n to_o give_v a_o pretty_a near_o guess_n at_o the_o height_n of_o the_o extant_a part_n by_o the_o help_n of_o what_o we_o late_o observe_v of_o the_o measure_n of_o water_n expansion_n and_o by_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o immersed_a part_n which_o suppose_v that_o the_o ice_n be_v of_o a_o prismatical_a figure_n and_o float_v in_o a_o erect_a posture_n will_v in_o fresh_a water_n amount_v to_o about_o eight_o or_o nine_o time_n the_o length_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o prism_n superior_a to_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n 2._o but_o because_o perhaps_o the_o great_a disparity_n in_o the_o degree_n of_o cold_a whereby_o water_n be_v in_o this_o and_o in_o those_o gelid_a climate_n turn_v into_o ice_n may_v breed_v a_o difference_n in_o the_o expansion_n of_o the_o freeze_a water_n and_o because_o some_o other_o circumstance_n may_v be_v needful_a to_o be_v take_v into_o consideration_n about_o the_o height_n of_o float_a ice_n above_o water_n and_o these_o will_v be_v more_o proper_o take_v notice_n of_o under_o the_o follow_a title_n i_o shall_v only_o upon_o this_o head_n of_o the_o levity_n of_o ice_n subjoin_v the_o ensue_a transcript_n of_o one_o of_o our_o note_n concern_v that_o 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