cast up any quantity of phlegm by vomit and that fit be determinated in a plentiful sweat it shews the Feaver will not long last for it argues the strength of nature the yielding and tenuity of the matter flying up and the excretion of the conjunct cause of the Feaver A Quotidian Feaver is commonly long because the phlegmatick humor being cold Why Quotidians are oft-times long Into what diseases a Quartain usually changes and moist by nature is heavy and unapt for motion neither is it without fear of a greater disease because oft-times it changes into a burning or Quartain feaver especially if it be bred of salt Phlegm for saltness hath affinity with bitterness wherefore by adustion it easily degenerates into it so that it need not seem very strange if Salt phlegmby adustion turn into choler or melancholy Those who recover of a Quotidian-feaver have their digestive faculty very weak wherefore they must not be nourished with store of meats nor with such as are hard to digest In a Quotidian the whole body is filled with crude humors whereby it comes to pass that this Feaver oft-times lasts sixty days But have a care you be not deceived and take a double Tertian for a Quotidian How to distinguish a quotidian from a double tertian because it takes the Patient every day as a Quotidian doth Verily it will be very easie to distinguish these Feavers by the kind of the humor and the propriety of the Symptoms and accidents besides Quotidian commonly take one in the evening or the midst of the night as then when our bodies are refrigerated by the coldness of the air caused by the absence of the Sun Wherefore then the cold humors are moved in us which were bridled a little before by the presence and heat of the Sun But on the contrary double Tertians take one about noon The shortness and gentleness of the fit the plentiful sweat breaking forth the matter being concocted causes us to think the Quotidian short and salutary The cure is performed by two means to wit Diet and Pharmacy Diet. Let the Diet be slender and attenuating let the Patient breathe in a clear air moderately hot and dry let his meats be bread well baked Cock or Chicken broths in which have been boiled the roots of Parsley Sorrel and the like Neither at sometimes will the use of hot meats as those which are spiced and salted When the use of spiced and salted meats are fit be unprofitable especially to such as have their stomach and liver much cooled Let him eat Chickens Mutton Partridge and small Birds River-fishes and such as live in Stony-waters fryed or boyled rear Eggs and such like These fruits are also good for him Raisons stewed Prunes Almonds and Dates Let his drink be small white Wine mixed with boyled water Moderate exexercises will be good as also frictions of the whole body sleep taken at a fitting time and proportioned to waking so that the time of sleep fall not upon the time of the fit When sleep is hurtful for then it hurts very much for calling the heat to the inner parts it doubles the raging of the feaverish heat inwardly in the bowels For the the passions of the mind the Patient must be merry and comforted with a hope shortly to recover his health It seems not amiss to some at the coming of the fit to put the feet and legs into hot water in which Chamomil Dill Melilot Marjerom Sage and Rosemary have been boyled The medicines shall be such syrups as are called digestive and aperitive Medicines as Syrup of Wormwood Mints of the five opening roots Oxymel with a decoction of Chamomil Calamint Melilot Dill and the like or with common decoctions The Purgatives shall be Diaphaenicon Electuarium Diacarthami Hiera picra Agarick Turbith of which you shall make Potions with the water of Mints Balm Hyssop Sage Fennel Endive or the like Pillulae aureae are also good These purgatives shall sometimes be given in form of a bole with Sugar as the Physitian being present shall think most fit and agreeable to the nature of the Patient About the state of the disease you must have a care of the Stomach Care must be bad of the Stomach Vomits and principally of the mouth thereof as being the chief seat of Phlegm wherefore it will be good to anoint it every other day with Oil of Chamomil mixed with a little white Wine as also to unlade it by taking a vomit of the juyce of Radish and much Oxymel or with the decoction of the seeds and roots of Asarum and Chamomill and Syrup of Vinegar will be very good especially at the beginning of the fit when Nature and the humors begin to move for an inveterate Quotidian The use of Treacle in an inveterate quotidian though you can cure it by no other remedy nothing is thought to conduce so much as one dram of old Treacle taken with Sugar in form of a Bole or to drink it dissolved in Aqua vitae CHAP. XXIV Of a Scirrhus or an hard tumor proceeding of Melancholy HAving shewed the nature of tumors caused by bloud choler and phlegm it remains we speak of these which are bred of a melancholick humor of these there are said to be four differences The first is of a true and legitimate Scirrhus that is What a true and legitimate Scirrhus is What an illegimate Scirrhus is of an hard tumor endued with little sense and so commonly without pain generated of a natural melancholick humor The second is of an illegitimate Scirrhus that is of an hard tumor insensible and without pain of a Melancholick humor concrete by too much resolving and refrigerating The third is of a cancrous Scirrhus bred by the corruption and adustion of the Melancholick humor The fourth of a phlegmonous Erysipelous or Oedematous Scirrhus caused by Melancholy mixed with some other humor The cause of all these kinds of Tumors is a gross tough and tenacious humor concrete in any part But the generation of such an humor in the body happens either of an ill and irregular diet or of the unnatural affects of the Liver or Spleen as obstruction or by suppression of the Haemorrhoids or Courses The Signs The signs are hardness renitency a blackish colour and a dilation of the veins of the affected part with blackishness by reason of the abundance of the gross humor The illegitimate or bastard Scirrhus which is wholly without pain and sense and also the cancerous admit no cure and the true legitimate scarse yield to any Prognostick Those which are brought to suppuration easily turn into Cancers and Fistula's these tumors though in the beginning they appear little yet in process of time they grow to a great bigness CHAP. XXV Of the cure of a Scirrhus THe Cure of a Scirrhus chiefly consists of three heads First The Physitian shall prescribe a convenient diet that is sober and
Iron so thrust into a Trunk or Pipe with an hole in it that so no sound part of the mouth may be offended therewith A hollow Trunk with a hole in the side with the hot Iron inserted or put therein CHAP. VIII Of the Angina or Squinzy What it is THe Squinancy or Squincy is a Swelling of the jaws which hinders the entring of the ambient air into the Weazon and the vapours and the spirit from passage forth and the meat also from being swallowed The differences There are three differences thereof The first torments the Patient with great pain no swelling being outwardly apparent by reason the Morbisick humor lyes hid behind the Almonds or Glandules at the Vertebrae of the Neck The first kind so that it cannot be perceived unless you hold down the Tongue with a Spatula or the Speculum oris for so you may see the redness and tumor there lying hid The Symptoms The Patient cannot draw his breath nor swallow down meat nor drink his tongue like a Gray-hound's after a course hangs out of his mouth and he holds his mouth open that so he may the more easily draw his breath to conclude his voyce is as it were drown'd in his jaws and nose he cannot lye upon his back but lying is forced to sit so to breathe more freely and because the passage is stopt the drink flies out at his Nose the Eyes are fiery and swollen and standing out of their orb Those which are thus affected are often sodainly suffocated a foam rising about their mouths The second kind The second difference is said to be that in which the tumor appears inwardly but little or scarse any thing at all outwardly the Tongue Glandules and Jaws appearing somewhat swollen The third The third being least dangerous of them all causes a great swelling outwardly but little inwardly The Causes The Causes are either Internal or External The External are a stroak splinter or the like thing sticking in the Throat or the excess of extreme cold or heat The Internal causes are a more plentiful defluxion of the humors either from the whole body or the Brain which participate of the nature either of bloud choler or flegm but seldom of Melancholy The signs by which the kind and commixture may be known have been declared in the general Treatise of Tumors The Squincy is more dangerous by how much the humor is less apparent within and without That is less dangerous which shews it self outwardly because such an one shuts not up the wayes of the meat nor breath Some dye of a Squincy in twelve hours others inâ—â—o four or seven days Hip. sect 3. proe 2. Apâ—â—r 10 sect 5. Those saith Hippocrates which scape the Squincy the disease passes to the Lungs and they dye within seven dayes but if they scape these days they are suppurated but also oftentimes this kind of disease is terminated by disappearing that is by an obscure reflux or the humor into some noble part as into the Lungs whence the Emprema proceeds and into other principal parts whose violating brings inevitable death sometimes by resolution otherwise by suppuration The way of resolution is the more to be desired it happens when the matter is small and that subtle especially if the Physitian shall draw bloud by opening a vein and the Patient use fitting Gargarisms A Critical Squincy divers times proves deadly by reason of the great falling down of the humor upon the throttle by which the passage of the breath is sodainly shut up Broths must be used made with Capons and Veal seasoned with Lettuce Purslain Sorrel and the cold Seeds If the Patient shall be somewhat weak let him have potched Egges and Barly Creams Diet. the Barly being somewhat boyled with Raisons in Water and Sugar and other meats of this kind Let him be forbidden Wine in stead whereof he may use Hydromelita and Hydrosachara that is drinks made of Water and Honey or Water and Sugar as also Syrups of dryed Roses of Violets Sorrel and Limmons and others of this kind Let him avoid too much sleep But in the mean time the Physitian must be careful of all because this disease is of their kind which brook no delayes Wherefore let the Basilica be presently opened on that side the tumor is the greater Cure then within a short time after the same day for evacuation of the conjunct matter let the vein under the tongue be opened let Cupping-Glasses be applyed sometimes with scarification sometimes without to the neck and shoulders and let frictions and painful ligatures be used to the extreme parts But let the humor impact in the part be drawn away by Clysters and sharp Suppositories Repelling Gargarisms Whilst the matter is in defluxion let the mouth without delay be washed with astringent Gargarisms to hinder the defluxion of the humor lest by its sodain falling down it kill the Patient as it often happens all the Physitians care and diligence notwithstanding Therefore let the mouth be frequently washed with Oxycrate or such a Gargarism â„ž Pomorum sylvest nu iiij sumach Rosar rub an m. ss berber Ê’ ij let them be all boyled with sufficient quantity of water to the consumption of the half adding thereunto of the Wine of sour Pomgranats â„¥ iiij of Diamoron â„¥ ij let it be a little more boyled and make a gargle according to Art And there may be other Gargarisms made of the waters of Plantain Night-shade Verjuyce Julep of Roses and the like But if the matter of the defluxion shall be Phlegmatick Alum Pomgranat-pill Cypress-nuts and a little Vinegar may be safely added But on the contrary Repercussives must not be outwardly applyed but rather Lenitives whereby the external parts may be relaxed and rarified and so the way be open either for the diffusing or resolving the portion of the humor You shall know the humor to begin to be resolved if the Feaver leave the Patient if he swallow speak and breathe more freely if he sleep quietly and the pain begin to be much asswaged Ripening Gargarisms Therefore then Nature's endeavour must be helped by applying resolved medicines or else by using suppuratives inwardly and outwardly if the matter seem to turn into Pus Therefore let Gargarisms be made of the roots of March-Mallows Figs Jujubes Damask-Prunes Dates perfectly boyled in water The like benefit may be had by Gargarisms of Cows-milk with Sugar by Oyl of Sweet-Almonds or Violets warm for such things help forward suppuration and asswage pain let suppurating Cataplasms be applyed outwardly to the neck and throat and the parts be wrapped with wooll moistned with Oyl of Lillies When the Physitian shall perceive that the humor is perfectly turned into pus let the Patients mouth be opened with the Speculum oris and the abscess opened with a crooked and long Incision-knife then let the mouth be now and then washed with cleansing Gargles as â„ž Aquae hordei
by amputation or cutting it away but you must diligently observe that the flesh be not grown too high and have already seized upon the groin for so nothing can be attempted without the danger of life But if any man think that he in such a case may somewhat ease the Patient by the cutting away of some portion of this same soft flesh The Cure he is deceived For a Fungus will grow if the least portion thereof be but left being an evil far worse than the former but if the Tumor be either small or indifferent the Chirurgeon taking the whole tumor that is the testicle tumified through the whole substance with the process incompassing it and adhering thereto on every side and make an Incision in the Cod even to the tumor then separate all the tumid body that is the Testicle from the Cod then let him thrust a needle with a strong thred in it through the midst of the process above the region of the swoln testicle and then presently let him thrust it the second time through the same part of the process then shall both the ends of the Thred be tied on a knot the other middle portion of the Peritonaeum being comprehended in the same knot This being done he must cut away the whole process with the testicle comprehended therein But the ends of the thred with which the upper part of the process was bound must be suffered to hang some length out of the wound or Incision of the Cod. Then a repercussive medicine shall be applyed to the wound and the neighbouring parts with a convenient ligature And the cure must be performed as we have formerly mentioned What a Cirsocele is The Cirsocele is a tumor of veins dilated and woven with a various and mutual implication about the Testicle and Cod and swelling with a gross and melancholy bloud The causes are the same as those of the Varices But the signs are manifest The Cure To heal this Tumor you must make an Incision in the Cod the bredth of two fingers to the Varix Then put under the Varicous vein a Needle having a double thred in it as high as you can that you may bind the roots thereof then let the Needle be again put after the same manner about the lower part of the same vein leaving the space of two fingers between the ligatures But before you bind the thred of this lowest ligature the Varix must be opened in the midst almost after the same manner as you open a vein in the arm to let bloud That so this gross Bloud causing a Tumor in the Cod may be evacuated as is usually done in the cure of the Varices The wound that remains shall be cured by the rules of Art after the manner of other wounds leaving the threds in it which presently fall away of themselves To conclude then it being grown callous especially in the upper part thereof where the vein was bound it must be cicatrized for so afterwards Bloud cannot be strained or run that way Hernia Humoralis Hernia Humoralis is a tumor generated by the confused mixture of many humors in the Cod or between the Tunicles which involve the Testicles often also in the proper substance of the Testicles It hath like causes signs and cures as other Tumors While the cure is in hand Rest Trusses and fit Rowlers to sustain and bear up the Testicles are to be used CHAP. XVIII Of the falling down of the Fundament WHen the Muscle called the Sphincter which ingirts the Fundament is relaxed The causes then it comes to pass that it cannot sustain the right gut This disease is very frequent to Children by reason of the too much humidity of the Belly which falling down upon that Muscle mollifieth and relaxeth it or presseth it down by an unaccustomed weight so that the Muscles called Levatores Ani or the lifters up of the Fundament are not sufficient to bear up any longer A great Bloudy-flux gives occasion to this effect A strong endevour to expel hard excrements the Haemorrhoids which suppressed do over-load the right gut but flowing relax it Cold as in those which go without Breeches in Winter or sit a long time upon a cold Stone a stroak or fall upon the Holy-bone a Palsie of Nerves which go from the Holy-bone to the Muscles the lifters up of the Fundament the weight of the Stone being in the Bladder That this Disease may be healed we must forbid the Patient too much drinking The cure too often eating of Broth and from feeding on cold Fruits For local medicines the part must be fomented with an astringent decoction made of the rinds of Pomegranats Galls Myrtles Knotgrass Shepherds-purse Cypress Nuts Alum and common Salt boyled in smiths-Smiths-water or Red-wine After the fomentation let the Gut be anointed with Oyl of Roses or Myrtles and then let it be gently put by little and little into its place charging the Child if he can understand your meaning to hold his breath When the Gut shall be resotred the part must be diligently wiped lest the Gut fall down again by reason of the slipperiness of the unction Then let the powder prescribed for the falling down of the Womb be put into the Fundament as far as you can Then you must straitly bind the Loins with a swathe to the midst whereof behind let another be fastned which may be tied at the Pubes coming along the Peritonaeum so to hold up the Fundament the better to contain it in its place a Spunge dipt in the astringent decoction The Patient if he be of sufficient age to have care of himself shall be wished when he goes to Stool that he sit upon two pieces of wood being set some inch a sunder lest by his straining he thrust forth the Gut together with the excrement but if he can do it standing he shall never by straining thrust forth the Gut But if the Gut cannot by the prescribed means be restored to its place Hippocrates hiâ— cure Hippocrates bids that the Patient hanging by the heels be shaken for so the Gut by that shaking will return to his place but the same Hippocrates wisheth to anoint the Fundament because that remedy having a drying faculty hath also power to resolve the flatulent humors without any acrimony by reason of which the Gut was the less able to be contained in his place CHAP. XIX Of the Paronychia THe Paronychia or Panaris is a tumor in the ends of the fingers with great inflammation What the Paronychia is coming of a malign and venemous humor which from the Bones by the Periosteum is communicated to the Tendons and Nerves of that part which it affecteth whereof cruel symptoms do follow as pulsifique pain a Feaver restlesness so that the affected through impatiency of the pain are variously agitated like those tormented with Carbuncles for which cause Guido and Johannes de Vigo judge this disease to be
young men and more slowly in old And thus much may serve for Prognosticks Now will we treat as briefly and perspicuously as we can of the cure both in general and particular wherefore beginning with the general we will first prescribe a convenient Diet by the moderate use of the six things not natural CHAP. XIV Of the general cure of a broken Skull and of the Symptoms usually happening thereupon THe first cure must be to keep the Patient in a temperate air and if so be How the air ought to be that it be not such of it self and its own proper nature it must be corrected by Art As in winter he must have a clear fire made in his chamber lest the smoak cause sneesing and other accidents and the windows and doors must be kept shut to hinder the approach of the cold air and wind All the time the wound is kept open to be drest some body standing by shall hold a chafendish full of coals or a heated Iron bar over the wound at such a distance that a moderate heat may pass thence to the wound and the frigidity of the encompassing air may be corrected by the breathing of the diffused heat For cold according to the opinion of Hippocrates is an Enemy to the Brain Bones Aphor. 18. sect 5. Nerves and spinal marrow it is also hurtful to ulcers by suppressing their excrements which supprest do not only hinder suppuration but also by corrosion makes them sinuous Therefore Galen rightly admonisheth us to keep cold from the Brain not only in the time of trepaning but also afterwards For there can be no greater nor more certain harm befal the fractured skull than by admitting the air by such as are unskilful For if the air should be hotter than the Brain Lib. 2. de usâ— part cap. 2. then it could not thence be refrigerated but if the brain should be laid open to the air in the midst of Summer when it is at the hottest yet would it be refrigerated The Air though in Summeâ— is colder than the brain and unless it were relieved with hot things take harm this is the opinion of Galen whereby you may understand that many who have the r Skulls broken dye more through default of skill in the curing than by the greatness of the fracture But when the wound is bound up with the pledgets cloths and rowlers as is fit if the air chance to be more hot than the Patient can well endure let it be amended by sprinkling and strawing the chamber with cold water oxycrate the branches of Willows and Vine Neither is it sufficient to shun the too cold air unless also you take heed of the over light chiefly until such time as the most feared and malign symptoms are past For a too great light dissipates the spirits increases pain strengthens the feaver and symptoms The discommodities of too much Light Hippocrates wholly forbids wine therefore the Patient instead thereof must drink Barly water fair water boyled and tempered with Julep of roses syrup of Violets vinegar the like water wherein bread crums have been steeped Water and Sugar with a little juyce of Limmons What his drink must be or Pomecitron added thereto and such like as the ability and taste of the Patient shall require Let him continue such drinks until he be free from malign symptoms which usually happen within fourteen days His meat shall be pap Ptisan shunning Almond-milks for Almonds are said to fill the Head with vapours and cause pain stued Damask Prunes Raisons and Currants seasoned with Sugar Almonds increase the pain of the head and a little Cinamon which hath a wonderful power to comfort the stomach and revive and exhilarate the Spirits Chickens Pidgeons Veal Kid Leverets Birds of the fields Pheasons Black-birds Turtles Partridges Thrushes Larks and such like meats of good digestion boyled with Lettuce Purslain Sorrel Borage Bugloss Succory Endive and the like are thought very convenient in this case If he desire at any time to feed on meats rosted he may only dipping them in Verjuyce in the acid juyces of Oranges Citrons Limons or Pomegranates sometimes in one and sometimes in another What fish he may eat according to his tast and ability If any have a desire to eat fish he must make choyce of Trouts Gudgeons Pikes and the like which live in running and clear waters and not in muddy he shall eschew all cold Sallets and Pulse because they fly up and trouble the head it will be convenient after meat to use common dridg powder or Aniseed Fennel-seed or Coriander-comfits also Conserve of Roses or Marmilate of Quinces to shut up the orifice of the Ventricle lest the head should be offended with vapours arising from thence Aphor. 13. 14. sect 1. Children must eat often but sparingly for children cannot fast so long as those which are elder because their natural heat is more strong wherefore they stand in need of more nourishment so also in winter all sorts of people require more plentiful nourishment for that then their stomachs are more hot than in Summer Aphor. 15. sect 2. When the fourteenth day is past if neither a Feaver nor any thing else forbids he may drink wine moderately and by little and little encrease his diet but that respectively to each one's nature strength and custom He shall shun as much as in him lies sleep on the day time unless it happen that a Phlegmon seise upon the brain or the Meninges Why sleep upon the day time is good for the brain being inflamed Lib. 2. Epidem For in this case it will be expedient to sleep on the day time especially from morning till noon for in this season of the day as also in the Spring bloud is predominant in the body according to the opinion of Hippocrates For it is so vulgarly known that it need not be spoken that the bloud when we are awake is carryed into the habit and surface of the body but on the contrary by sleep it is called into the noble parts the Heart and Liver Wherefore if that the bloud by the force of the Sun casting his beams upon the Earth at his rising is carryed into the habit of the body it should again be more and more diffused by the strength and motion of watching the inflammation in the Brain and Meninges would be much encreased Wherefore it will be better especially then to stay by sleep the violence of the bloud running into the habit of the body when it shall seem to rage and more violently to affect that way The discommodities ensuing immoderate Watching Gal. Meth. 18. Watching must in like manner be moderate for too much depraves the temper of the Brain and of the habit of the whole body it causes crudities pains and heaviness of the head and makes the wounds dry and malign But if the Patient cannot sleep by reason of the vehemency of the
salivation If any Ulcers arise in the mouth and spread therein they shall be touched with the formerly described waters but made somewhat weaker having regard to the tender age of the patient if the Infant shall get this disease of its nurse let the nurse be presently changed for it being otherwise nourished with tainted and virulent bloud can never be healed Many have by these means recovered but such as have perisht have not perisht by the default of medicines but by the malignity and vehemency of the disease A description of the Aqua Theriacalis or Treacle-water formerly mentioned A Treacle-water â„ž rasor intereor ligni sancti gummosi lbii. polypod querni â„¥ iv vini albi dulcedinis expertis lbii. aqua fontan puriss lbviii aquar cichor fumar an â„¥ iv sem junip. heder baccar lauri an â„¥ ii caryophyl macis an â„¥ ss cort citri saccaro condit cons ros anthos cichor buglos borag an â„¥ ss cons aenulae camp theriac vet mithrid an â„¥ ii distil them all in Balneo Mariae after the following manner Let the Guaicum be infused in equal parts of wine and the fore-mentioned waters for the space of twelve hours The manner of making it and the residue of the things in that which remains of the same wine and waters for six hours space beating such things as may require it then let them be mixed together that so the liquor may be endued with all their faculties Which that it may be the more effectually performed let them be boyled put up in glass-bottles closly stopped for some three or four hours space in a large kettle filled with boyling water then let them be put into a glass Alembick and so distilled Give â„¥ iv of this distilled liquor at once being aromatized with Ê’i of Cinnamon and ℈ i. of Diamargariton and â„¥ ss of Sugar to give it a pleasing taste Such a drink doth not only reâ—und the virulency of the Lues Venerea but strengthens the noble parts Rondeletius makes an Aqua theriacalis after this manner Rondeletius his Treacle-water â„ž theriac vet lbi acetos m. iii. rad gram â„¥ iii. puleg. card ben an m. ii flor chamoem p. ii temperentur omnia in viro albo distillentur in vase vitreo reserve the water for use whereof let the patient take â„¥ ii with â„¥ iii. of Sorrel and bugloss-Bugloss-water he wisheth this to be done when he shall enter into bed or a stove for so this distilled liquor will cause sweat more easily and mitigate pain whether given by it self or with a decoction of grommel or of China or burdock-burdock-roots yet if the patient be of a phlegmatick constitution he shall use a decoction of Guaicum in stead of a decoction of China for it penetrates more speedily by reason of its subtilty of parts and also expels the dolorifick matter The end of the Nineteenth Book The TVVENTIETH BOOK Of the Small Pox and Meazles As also of Worms and the Leprosie CHAP. I. Of the causes of the Small Pox and Meazles FOR that the small Pox and Meazles are diseases which usually are fore-runners and foretellers of the Plague not onely by the corruption of humors but oftimes by default or the air moreover for that worms are oft-times generated in the plague I have thought good to write of these things to the end that by this treatise the young Surgeon may be more amply and perfectly instructed in that pestilent disease Also I have thought good to treat of the Leprosie as being the off-spring of the highest corruption of humors in the body Now the small Pox are pustles and the Meazles spots which arise in the top of the skin by reason of the impurity of the corrupt blood sent thither by the force of nature What the smal Pox and Meazles are Their matter Most of the Antients have delivered that this impurity is the reliques of the menstruous blood remaining in the body of the infant being of that matter from whence it drew nourishment in the womb which lying still or quiet for some space of time but stirred up at the first opportunity of a hotter Summer or a southerly or rainy season or a hidden malignity in the air and boiling up or working with the whole masse of the blood spread or shew themselves upon the whole surface of the body An argument hereof is there are few or none who have not been troubled with this disease at least once in their lives which when it begins to shew it self not conâ—ent to set upon some one it commonly seaizeth upon more now commonly there is as much difference between the small pox and meazles as there is between a Carbuncle and a pestilent Bubo For the small pox arise of a more gross and viscous matter to wit of a phlegmatick humor But the meazles of a more subtil and hot that is a cholerick matter therefore this yeilds no marks therefore but certain small spots without any tumor and these either red purple or black But the small pox are extuberateing pustles white in the midst but red in the circumference an argument of blood mixed with choler yet they are scarce known at the beginning that is on the first or second day they appear but on the third and fourth day they bunch out and rise up into a tumor becoming white before they turn into a scab but the meazles remain still the same Why the Meazles do not itch Furthermore the small pox prick like needles by reason of a certain acrimony and cause an itching the meazles do neither either because the matter is not so acrid and biteing or else for that it is more subtil it easily exhales neither is it kept shut up under the skin The patients often sneeze when as these matters seek passage out by reason of the putrid vapors ascending from the lower parts upwards to the brain They are held with a continual Fever with pains in their backs itching of their nose head-ach and a vertiginous heaviness and with a kind of swounding or fainting a nauseous disposition and vomiting a hoarsness difficult and frequent breathing an inclination to sleep a heavines of all the members their eyes are fiery and swollen their urine red and troubled For prognosticks wee may truely say this much That the matter whence this affect takes its original pertakes of so malign pestilent and contagious a quality that not content to mangle and spoil the fleshy part it also eats and corrupts the bones like the Lues Venerea as I observed not onely in Anno Dom 1568. but also in diverse other years whereof I think it not amiss to set down this notable example An history The daughter of Claude Pique a book-sellar dwelling in S. James his street at Paris being some four or five years old haveing been sick of the small pox for the space of a moneth and nature could not overcome the malignity of the disease there rose
is thirsty Or else put the flesh of one old Capon and of a leg of Veal two minced Partridges and two drams of whole Cinnamon without any liquor in a Limbeck of glass well lated and covered and so let them boil in Balneo Mariae unto the perfect conâ—oction For so the fleshes will be boiled in their own juice without any hurt of the fire then â—et the juice be pressed out there-hence with a Press give the patient for every dose one ounce of the juice with some cordial waters some Trisantalum and Diamargaritum frigidum The preserves of sweet fruits are to be avoided because that sweet things turn into choler but the confection of tart prunes Cherries and such like may be fitly used But because there is no kinde of sickness that so weakens the strength as the plague it is alwaies necessary but yet sparingly and often to feed the patient still having respect unto his custom age the region and the time for through emptiness there is no great danger lest that the venomous matter that is driven out to the superficiall parts of the body should be called back into the inward parts by an hungry stomach and the stomach it self should be filled with cholerick hot thin and sharp excremental humors whereof cometh biting of the stomach and gripings in the guts CHAP. VII What drink the patient infected ought to use IF the fever be great and burning the patient must abstain from wine unless that he be subject to swounding and he may drink the Oxymel following in stead thereof An Oxymel Take of fair water three quarts wherein boil four ounces of hony until the third part be consumed scumming it continually then strain it and put it into a clean vessel and add thereto four ounces of vinegar and as much cinnamon as will suffice to give it a tast Or else a sugred water as followeth Take two quarts of fair water of hard sugar six ounces of Cinnamon two ounces strain it through a woollen bag or cloth without any boiling and when the patient will use it put thereto a little of the juice of Citrons The syrup of the juice of Citrons excelleth amongst all others that are used against the pestilence A Julip The use of the Julip following is also very wholsome Take of the juice of Sorrel well clarified half a pinte of the juice of Lettuce so clarified four ounces of the best hard sugar one pound boil them together to a perfection then let them be strained and clarified adding a little before the end a little vinegar and so let it be used between meals with boiled water or with equal portions of the water of Sorrel Lettuce Scabious and Bugloss or take of this former described Julip strained and clarified four ounces let it be mixed with one pound of the fore-named cordial waters and boil them together a little And when they are taken from the fire put thereto of yellow Sanders one dram of beaten Cinnamon half a dram strain it through a cloth when it is cold let it be given the patient to drink with the juice of Citrons Those that have been accustomed to drink sider perry bear or ale ought to use that drink still so that it be clear transparent and thin and made of those fruits that are somewhat tart for troubled and dreggish drink doth not only engender gross humors but also crudities windiness and obstructions of the first region of the body whereof comes a fever The commodities of oxycrate Oxycrate being given in manner following doth asswage the heat of the fever and repress the putrefaction of the humors and the fierceness of the venom and also expelleth the water through the veins if so be that the patients are not troubled with spitting of blood cough yexing and altogether weak of stomach To whom hurtfull for such must avoid tart things Take of fair water one quart of white or red vinegar three ounces of fine sugar four ounces of syrup of Roses two ounces boil them a little and then give rhe patient thereof to drink Or take of the juice of Limmons and Citrons of each half an ounce of the juice of sowr Pomgranats two ounces of the water of Sorrel and Roses of each an ounce of fair water boiled as much as shall suffice make thereof a Julip and use it between meals Or take the syrup of Limmons and of red currans of each one ounce of the water of Lillies four ounces of fair water boyled half a pinte make thereof a Julip Or take of the syrups of water-Lillies and vinegar of each half an ounce dissolve it in five ounces of the water of Sorrel of fair water one pinte make thereof a Julip But if the patient be young and have a strong and good stomach and cholerick by nature The drinking of cold water whom and when profitable I think it not unmeet for him to drink a full and large draught of fountain-fountain-water for that is effectual to restrain and quench the heat of the Fever and contrariwise they that drink cold water often and a very small quantity at a time as the Smith doth sprinkle water on the fire at his Forge do increase the heat and burning and thereby make it endure the longer Therefore by the judgment of Celsus when the disease is in the chief increase and the patient hath endured thirst for the space of three or four daies cold water must be given unto him in great quantity so that he may drink past his satiety that when his belly and stomach are filled beyond measure Lib. 3. cap. 7. and sufficiently cooled he may vomit Some do not drink so much thereof as may cause them to vomit but do drink even unto satiety and so use it for a cooling medicine but when either of these is done the patient must be covered with many cloaths and so placed that he may sleep and for the most part after long thirst and watching and after long fulness and long and great heat sound sleep cometh by which great sweat is sent out and that is a present help But thirst must sometimes be quenched with little pieces of Melons Gourds Cucumbers with the leaves of Lettuce Sorrel and Purslain made moist or soaked in cold water or with a little square piece of a Citron Limmon or Orange macerated in Rose-water and sprinkled with Sugar and so held in the mouth and then changed But if the patient be aged his strength weak flegmatick by nature and given to wine when the state of the Fever is somewhat past and the chief heat beginning to asswage he may drink wine very much allayed at his meat for to restore his strength and to supply the want of the wâ—â—â—ed spirits The patient ought not by any means to suffer great thirst but must mitigate it by drinking or else allay it by washing his mouth with oxycrate and such like and he may therein also wâ—sh his hands and his
face for that doth recreate the strength If the flux or lask trouble him he may very well use to drink steeled water and also boiled milk wherein many stones coming 〈◊〉 not out of the fire have been many times quenched For driness or roughness of the mouth For the driness and roughness of the mouth it is very good to have a cooling moistening and lenifying lotion of the mucilaginous water of the infusion of the seeds of Quinces psilium id est Flea-wort adding thereto a little Camphire with the Water of Plantain and Roses then cleanse and wipe out the filth and then moisten the mouth by holding therein a little oil of sweet Almonds mixed with a little syrup of Violets If the roughness breed or degenerate into ulcers they must be touched with the water of the infusion of sublimate or Aqua fortis But because we have formerly made frequent mention of drinking of water For the Ulcers thereof I have here thought good to speak somewhat of the choice and goodness of waters The choice of waters is not to be neglected because a great part of our diet depends thereon for besides that we use it either alone or mixed with wine for drink we also knead bread boil meat and make broths therewith The choice of waters Many think that rain-water which falls in summer and is kept in a cistern well placed and made is the wholesomest of all Then next thereto they judge that spring water which runs out of the tops of mountains through rocks cliffs and stones in the third place they put Well-water or that which riseth from the foots of hills Also the river-water is good that is taken out of the midst or stream Lake or pond-water is the worst especially if it stand still for such is fruitful of and stored with many venomous creatures as Snakes Toads and the like That which comes by the melting of Snow and Ice is very ill by reason of the too refrigerating faculty and earthly nature But of Spring and Well-waters these are to be judged the best which are insipid without smell and colour such as are clear warmish in winter and cold in summer which are quickly hot Hip. sect 5 â—phor 26. and quickly cold that is which are most light in which all manner of puls turnips and the like are easily and quickly boiled Lastly when as such as usually drink thereof have clear voices and shril their chests sound and a lively and fresh colour in their faces CHAP. XXII Of Antidotes to be used in the Plague NOw we must treat of the proper cure of this disease which must be used as soon as may be possible because this kind of poyson in swiftness exceedeth the celerity of the medicine Therefore it is better to erre in this that you should think every disease to be pestilent in a pestilent season and to cure it as the Pestilence because that so long as the air is polluted with the seeds of the Pestilence the humors in the body are soon infected with the vicinity of such an air so that then there happeneth no disease void of the Pestilence that is to say which is not pestilent from the beginning by his own nature or which is not made pestilent Many begin the Cure with blood-letting some with purging and some with Antidotes Wee The beginning of the cure must be by Antidotes taking a consideration of the substance of that part that is assaulted first of all begin the cure with an Antidote because that by its specifick property it defends the heart from poison as much as it is offended therewith Although there are also other Antidotes which preserve and keep the heart and the patient from the danger of Poyson and the Pestilence not only because they do infringe the power of the poison in their whole substance but also because they drive and expel it out of all the body by sweat vomiting scouring and such other kinds of evacuations In what quantity they must be taken The Antidote must be given in such a quantity as may be sufficient to overcome the poyson but because it is not good to use it in greater quantity then needeth lest it should overthrow our nature for whose preservation only it is used therefore that which cannot be taken together at once must be taken at several times that some portion thereof may daily be used so long untill all the accidents effects and impressions of the poyson be past and that there be nothing to be feared Why poysonous things are put into Antidotes Some of those Antidotes consist of portions of venemous things being tempered together and mixed in an apt proportion with other medicines whose power is contrary to the venom as Treacle which hath for an ingredient the flesh of Vipers that it being thereto mixed may serve as a guide to bring all the Antidote unto the place where the venenate malignity hath made the chief impression because by the similitude of nature and sympathy one poyson is suddenly snatched and carried into another There are other absolutely poysonous which nevertheless are Antidotes one unto another Some poysons Antidotes to other some as a Scorpion himself cureth the pricks of a Scorpion But Treacle and Mithridate excell all other Antidotes for by strengthening the noblest part and the mansion of life they repair and recreate the wasted Spirits and overcome the poyson not only being taken inwardly but also applyed outwardly to the region of the heart Botches and Carbuncles for by an hidden property they draw the poysons unto them as Amber doth Chaff and digest it when it is drawn and spoil and rob it of all its deadly force as it is declared at large by Galen in his book de Thearicâ ad Pisonem by most true reasons and experiment But you will say that these things are hot and that the plague is often accompanied with a burning fever But thereto I answer there is not so great danger in the fever as in the pestilence although in the giving of Treacle I would not altogether seem to neglect the fever but think it good to minister or apply it mixed with cordial-cooling medicines as with the Trochises of Camphire syrup of Lemmons of water-Lillies the water of Sorrel and such like And for the same cause we ought not to chuse old Treacle but that which is of a middle age as of one or two years old to those that are strong you may give half a dram and to those that are more weak a dram How to walk after the taking of an Antidote The patient ought to walk presently after he hath taken Treacle Mithridate or any other Antidote but yet as moderately as he can not like unto many which when they perceive themselves to be infected do not cease to course and run up and down untill they have no strength to sustain their bodies for so they dissolve nature so that it cannot suffice
transpiration or by the moisture of the skin The unputrid Synochus or by a sweat natural gentle and not ill smelling to this Diary we may refer the unputrid Synochus generated of bloud not putrid but only heated beyond measure For usually there arises a great heat over all the body by means of the bloud immoderately heated whence the veins become more tâ—mid the face appears fiery the Eyes red and burning the breath hot and to conclude the whole habit of the body more full by reason of that ebullition of the bloud and the diffusion of the vapours thence arising over all the body Whence it is that this kind of Synochus may be called a vaporous Feaver To this Children are incident as also all sanguine bodies which have no ill humors The cure of this and the Ephemera or Diary is the same because it may scarse seem different from the Ephemera in any other thing than that it may be prolonged for three or four dayes Wherefore whatsoever we shall say for the cure of the Ephemera may be applyed to the Synochus bloud-letting excepted which in an unputrid Synochus is very necessary Now the cure of a Diary-Feaver consists in the decent use of things not natural The cure of a Diary Feaver contrary to the the cause of a disease wherefore bathes of warm and natural water are very profitable so that the Patient be not Plethorick nor stuft with excrements nor obnoxious to Catarrhs and defluxions because a Catarrh is easily caused and augmented by the humors diffused and dissolved by the heat of a Bath therefore in this case we must eschew frictions and anointing with warm Oil which things notwithstanding are thought very useful in these kinds of Feavers especially when they have their original from extreme labour by astriction of the skin or a Bubo Let this be a general rule that to every cause whence this Feaver proceeded you oppose the contrary for a remedy as to labour rest to watching sleep to anger and sorrow grateful society of friends and all things replenished with pleasant good will and to a Bubo the proper cure thereof The use of Wine in a Diary Wine moderately tempered with water according to the custom of the sick Patient is good and profitable in all causes of this Feaver except he be pained in his head or that the Feaver drew its original from anger or a Bubo for in this last case especially the patient must abstain wholly from Wine until the inflammation come to the state and begins to decline This kind of Feaver often troubles Infants and then you must prescribe such medicines to their Nurses as if they were sick that so by this means their milk may become medicinable Also it will be good to put the Infant himself into a Bath of natural and warm water and presently after the Bath to anoint the ridg of the Back and Brest with Oyl of Violets But if a Phlegmon possess any inward part or otherwise by its nature be great or seated near any principal Bowel so that it may continually send from it either a putrid matter or exhalation to the heart and not only affect it by a quality of preternatural heat by the continuity of the parts thence will arise the putrid Synochus if the blood by contagion putrefying in the greater vessels consists of one equal mixture of the four humors This Feaver is thus chiefly known How a putrid Synochus is caused it hath no exacerbations or remissions but much less intermissions it is extended beyond the space of twenty four hours neither doth it then end in vomit sweat moisture or by little and little insensible transpiration after the manner of intermitting Feavers or Agues but remains constant until it leaves the Patient for altogether it commonly happens not unless to those of a good temper and complexion which abound with much bloud and that tempered by an equal mixture of the four humors It commonly indures not long because the bloud by some peculiar putrefaction degenerating into Choler or Melancholy will presently bring forth another kind of Feaver to wit a Tertian or continued Quartain Phlebotomy necessary in a putrid Synochus The cure of this Feaver as I have heard of most learned Physitians chiefly consists in blood-letting For by letting of bloud the fulness is diminished and therefore the obstruction is taken away and lastly the putrefaction And seeing that in this kind of Feaver there is not only a fault of the matter by the putrefaction of the bloud but also of the Temper by excess of heat certainly Phlebotomy helps not only as we said the putrefaction but also the hot distemper For the bloud in which all the heat of the creature is contained whilst it is taken away the acrid and fuliginous excrements exhale and vanish away with it which kept in encrease the Feaverish heat Moreover the veins to shun emptiness which Nature abhors are filled with much cold air in stead of the hot bloud which was drawn away which follows a cooling of the habit of the whole body yea and many by means of Phlebotomy have their Bellies loosed and sweat both which are much to be desired in this kind of Feaver What benefit we may reap by drawing bloud even to fainting This moved the ancient Physitians to write that we must draw bloud in this disease even to the fainting of the Patient Yet because thus not a few have poured out their lives together with their bloud it will be better and safer to divide the evacuations and draw so much bloud at several times as the greatness of the disease shall require and the strength of the Patient may bear Why we must give a Clyster presently after bloud-letting When you have drawn bloud forthwith inject an emollient and refngerative Clyster lest that the veins emptied by Phlebotomy may draw into them the impurity of the Guts but these Clysters which cool too much rather bind the belly than loose it The following day the Morbisick matter must be partly evacuated by a gentle Purge as a bole of Cassia or Catholicon then must you appoint Syrups which have not only a refrigerative quality When Syrrups profitable in this case but also to resist putrefaction such as the Syrup of Limmons Berberries of the Juyce of Citrons of Pomgranates Sorrel and Vinegar Why a slender Diet must be used after letting much bloud let his diet be absolutely cooling and humecting and also slender for the native heat much debilitated by drawing of great quantity of bloud cannot equal a full diet Therefore it shall suffice to feed the Patient with Chicken and Veal Broths made with cooling Herbs as Sorrel Lettice and Purslin Let his drink be Barly-water Syrrup of Violets mixed with some pretty quantity of boyled water Julepum Alexandrium especially if he be troubled with scouring or lask But the Physitian must chiefly have regard to the fourth day for if then
there appear any signs of concoction in the excrements the Crisis must be expected on the seventh day and that either by a loosness of the belly or an abundance of urin by vomits sweats or bleeding Therefore we must then do nothing but commit the whole business to Nature When drinking of water is to be permitted in a putrid Synochus But for drinking cold water which is so much commended by Galen in this kind of Feaver it is not to be suffered before there appear signs of concoction moreover in the declining of the disease the use of Wine will not be unprofitable to help forwards sweats CHAP. XII Of an Erysipelas or Inflammation HAving declared the cure of a Phlegmon caused by laudable bloud we must now treat of those Tumors which acknowledg Choler the material cause of their generation by reason of that affinity which intercedes between Choler and Bloud The definition of an Erysipelas Therefore the Tumors caused by natural Choler are called Erysipelata or Inflammations these contain a great heat in them which chiefly possesses the skin as also oftentimes some portion of the flesh lying under it For they are made by most thin and subtle bloud which upon any occasion of inflammation easily becomes Cholerick or by bloud and choler hotter than is requisite and sometimes of choler mixed with an acrid serous humor That which is made by sincere and pure choler is called by Galen a true and perfect Erysipelas Gal. cap. 2. lib. 14. Meth. med 2. ad Glau. But there arise three differences of Erysipelas by the admixture of choler with the three other kinds of humors For if it being predominant be mixed with bloud it shall be termed Erysipelas Phlegmonades if with Phlegm Erysipelas oedematodes if with Melancholy Erysipelas Scirrhodes So that the former and substantive-word shews the humor bearing dominion but the latter or adjective that which is inferior in mixture But if they concurr in equal quantity there will be thereupon made Erysipelas Phlegmone Erysipelas oedema Erysipelas scirrhus Galen acknowledges two kinds of Erysipelas one simple and without an ulcer Two kinds of Erysipelas the other ulcerated For choler drawn and severed from the warmness of the bloud running by its subtilty and acrimony unto the skin ulcerates it but restrained by the gentle heat of the bloud as a bridle it is hindered from piercing to the top of the skin and makes a tumor without an ulcer But of unnatural choler are caused many other kinds of cholerick tumors as the Herpes exedens and miliaris and lastly all sorts of tumors which come between the Herpes and Cancer You may know Erysipelas chiefly by three signs as by their colour which is a yellowish red by their quick sliding back into the body at the least compression of the skin the cause of which is the subtlety of the humor and the outward site of it under the skin whereupon by some Erysipelas is called a disease of the skin lastly by the number of the Symptoms as heat pulsation pain The heat of an Erysipelas is far greater than that of a Phlegmon but the pulsation is much less for as the heat of the bloud is not so great as that of choler so it far exceeds choler in quantity and thickness which may cause compression and obstruction of the adjacent muscle Gal. lib. 2. ad Glauc For Choler easily dissipable by reason of its subtlety quickly vanishes neither doth it suffer it self to be long contained in the empty spaces between the muscles Hip. Apho. 79. Sect. 7. Aph. 25. Sect. 16. Aph. 43. Sect. 3. neither doth an Erysipelas agree with a Phlegmon in the propriety of the pain For that of an Erysipelas is pricking and biting without tension or heaviness yet the primitive antecedent and conjunct causes are alike of both the tumors Although an Erysipelas may be incident to all parts yet principally it assails the face by reason of the rarity of the skin of that place and the lightness of the cholerick humor flying upwards It is ill when an Erysipelas comes upon a wound or ulcer and although it may come to suppuration yet it is not good for it shews that there is obstruction by the admixture of a gross humor whence there is some danger of erosion in the parts next under the skin It is good when Erysipelas comes from within outwards but ill when from without it retires inward But if an Erysipelas possess the womb it is deadly and in like manner if it spread too far over the face by reason of the sympathy of the membranes of the Brain CHAP. XIII Of the cure of an Erysipelas FOr the cure of an Erysipelas we must procure two things to wit evacuation and refrigeration But because here is more need of cooling than in a Phlegmon Gal. 14. Meth. the chief scope must be for refrigeration Which being done the contained matter must be taken away and evacuated with moderately resolving medicines Four things to be performed in curing an Erysipelas We must do four things to attain unto these fore-mentioned ends First of all we must appoint a convenient manner of Diet in the use of the six things not natural that is we must incrassate refrigerate and moisten as much as the nature of the disease and patient will suffer much more than in a Phlegmon then we will evacuate the Antecedent matter by opening a vein and by medicines purging choler and that by cutting the Cephalick vein if there be a portion of the bloud mixed with Choler if the Erysipelas possess the face and if it be spread much over it But if it shall invade another part although it shall proceed of pure choler In what Erysipelas it is convenient to let bloud in what not Phlebotomy will not be so necessary because the bloud which is as a bridle to the Choler being taken away there may be danger lest it become more fierce yet if the body be plethorick it will be expedient to let bloud because this as Galen teacheth is oft-times the cause of an Erysipelas It will be expedient to give a Clyster of refrigerating and humecting things before you open a vein but it belongs to a learned and prudent Physitian to prescribe medicines purging choler What topick medicines are fit to be used in the beginning of an Erysipelas The third care must be taken for Topick or local medicines which in the beginning and encrease must be cold and moist without any either dryness or astriction because the more acrid matter by use of astringent things being driven in would ulcerate and fret the adjacent particle Galen and Avicen much commend this kind of remedy Take fair water â„¥ vi of the sharpest Vinegar â„¥ i make an Oxycrate in which you may wet linnen clothes and apply to the affected part and the circumjacent places and renew them often Or â„ž Succi solani plantag sempervivi an â„¥ ij aceti
open Aneurismaes unless they be smal in an ignoble part not indued with large vessels but rather let him perform the cure after this manner Cut the skin which lies over it until the Artery appear and then separate it with your knife from the particles about it then thrust a blunt and crooked needle with a thred in it under it bind it then cut it off and so expect the falling off of the thread of it self whiles Nature covers the orifices of the cut Artery with the new flesh then the residue of the cure may be performed after the manner of simple wounds Those of the inward parts incurable The Aneurismaes which happen in the internal parts are incurable Such as frequently happen to those who have often had the unction and sweat for the cure of the French disease because being so attenuated and heated therewith that it cannot be contained in the receptacles of the Artery it distends it to that largeness as to hold a man's Fist Which I have observed in the dead body of a certain Taylor who by an Aneurisma of the Arterious vein suddenly whilst he was playing at Tennis fell down dead A History and vessel being broken his body being opened I found a great quantity of bloud poured forth into the capacity of the Chest but the body of the Artery was dilated to that largness I formerly mentioned and the inner coat thereof was boney For which cause within a while after I shewed it to the great admiration of the beholders in the Physitians School whilest I publiquely dissected a body there whilst he lived he said he felt a beating and a great heat over all his body the force of the pulsation of all the Arteries by the occasion whereof he often swounded Doctor Sylvius the Kings Professor of Physick at that time forbad him the use of Wine and wished him to use boyled water for his drink and Curds and new Cheeses for his meat and to apply them in form of Cataplasms upon the grieved and swoln part At night he used a Ptisan of Barly meal and Poppy-seeds and was purged now and then with a Clyster of refrigerating and emollient things or with Cassia alone by which medicines he said he found himself much better The cause of such a bony constitution of the Arteries by Aneurismaes is for that the hot and fervid bloud first dilates the Coats of an Artery then breaks them which when it happens it then borrows from the neighbouring bodies a fit matter to restore the loosed continuity thereof This matter whilest by little and little it is dryed and hardened it degenerates into a gristly or else a bony substance just by the force of the same material and efficient causes by which stones are generated in the reins and bladder For the more terrestrial portion of the bloud is dryed and condensed by the power of the unnatural heat contained in the part affected with an Aneurisma whereby it comes to pass that the substance added to the dilated and broken Artery is turned into a body of a bony consistence In which the singular providence of Nature the Hand-maid of God is shewed as that which as it were by making and opposing a new wall or bank would hinder and break the violence of the raging bloud swelling wich the abundance of the vital spirits unless any had rather to refer the cause of that hardness to the continual application of refrigerating and astringent medicines Which have power to condensate and harden Lib 4. cap. ult de praesaex pulsu A Caution in the knowing Aneurismaes as may not obscurely be gathered by the writings of Galen But beware you be not deceived by the fore-mentioned signs for sometimes in large Aneurismaes you can perceive no pulsation neither can you force the bloud into the Artery by the pressure of your fingers either because the quantity of such bloud is greater than which can be contained in the Ancient receptacles of the Artery or because it is condensate and concrete into clods whereupon wanting the benefit of ventilation from the heart it presently putrefies Thence ensue great pain a Gangrene and mortification of the part and lastly the death of the Creature The End of the Seventh Book The Eighth BOOK Of Particular TVMORS against NATVRE The Preface BEcause the Cure of Diseases must be varyed according to the variety of the temper not only of the body in general but also of each part thereof the strength figure form site and sense thereof being taken into consideration I think it worth my pains having already spoken of Tumors in general if I shall treat of them in particular which affect each part of the body beginning with those which assail the head Therefore the Tumor either affects the whole head or else only some particle thereof as the Eyes Ears Nose Gums and the like Let the Hydrocephalos and Physocephalos be examples of those tumors which possess the whole head CHAP. I. Of an Hydrocephalos or watry tumor which commonly affects the heads of Infants THe Greeks call this Disease Hydrocephalos as it were a Dropsie of the Head What it is The causes by a waterish humor being a disease almost peculiar to Infants newly born It hath for an external cause the violent compression of the head by the hand of the Midwife or otherwise at the birth or by a fall contusion and the like For hence comes a breaking of a vein or artery an effusion of the bloud under the skin Which by corruption becoming whayish lastly degenerateth into a certain waterish humor It hath also an inward cause which is the abundance of serous and acrid bloud which by its tenuity and heat sweats through the pores of the vessels sometimes between the Musculous skin of the head and the Pericranium sometimes between the Pericranium and the skull and sometimes between the skull and membrane called Dura mater Differences by reason of place and otherwhiles in the ventricles of the Brain The signs of it contained in the space between the Musculous skin and the Pericranium Signs are a manifest tumor without pain soft and much yielding to the pressure of the fingers The Signs when it remaineth between the Pericranium and the skull are for the most part like the fore-named unless it be that the Tumor is a little harder and not so yielding to the finger by reason of the parts between it and the finger And also there is somewhat more sense of pain But when it is in the space between the skull and Dura-mater or in the ventricles of the Brain or of the whole substance thereof there is a dulness of the senses as of the sight and hearing the tumor doth not yield to the touch unless you use strong impression for then it sinketh somewhat down especially in Infants newly born who have their skuls almost as soft as wax and the junctures of their Sutures lax both by nature as also
requiring help saying he was troubled with a grievous pain especially then when he stretched his voyce in the Epistle When I had seen the bigness of the Enterocele I perswaded him to get another to serve in his place so having gotten leave of M. Curio Clerk and Deacon of Divinity he committed himself unto me I handled him according unto Art and commanded him he should never go without a Truss and be followed my directions When I met him some five or six years after I asked him How he did he answered Very well for he was wholly freed from the disease with which he was formerly troubled which I could not perswade my self of before that I had found that he had told me the truth by the diligent observation of his genitals But some six months after he dying of a Pleurisie I came to Curio's house where he dyed and desired leave to open his body that I might observe whether Nature had done any thing at all in the passage through which the gut fell down I call God to witness that I found a certain fatty substance about the process of the Peritonaeum about the bigness of a little Egg and it did stick so hard to that place that I could scarce pul it away without the rending of the neighbouring parts And this was the speedy cause of his cure We must never despâ—st in diseases if to be â—â—oâ—e be astoâ—â—ted by Art But it is most worthy of observation and admiration that Nature but a little helped by Art healeth diseases which are thought incurable The chief of the cure consists in this that we firmly stay the gut in its place after the same manner as these two figures shew The Figure of a Man broken on one side wearing a Truss whose Bolster must have three Tuberosities two on the upp r and one on the lower part and there must be a hâ—llowness between them in the midst that they may not too strâ—itly press the share-bone and so cause pain The manner of such a Truss I found out not long ago and it seemed letter and safer than the rest for to hinder the falling down of the gut and kâ—ll A Sâ—eas the Shoulder-band which is tyed before and behind to the girlâ—e of the Truss B The Truss C The Cavity left in the midst of the Tuberosities Another Figure of a Man having a Rupture on both sides shewing by what means with what kind of and what Shoulder-band he must be bound on each groin A Sheweth the Shoulder band divided in the midst for the putting through of the head B The Truss with two Bolsters between which is a hole for putting through the yard The form of both Bolsters ought to be the same with the former In the mean time we must not omit diet We must forbid the use of all things which may either relax dilate or break the process of the Peritonaeum of which I have already treated sufficiently Sometimes but especially in old men the guts cannot be restored into their place by reason of the quantity of the excrements hardned in them In this case they must not be too violently forced but the Patient must be kept in his Bed and lying with his head head low and his knees higher up let the following Cataplasms be appiled â„ž rad alth lil ana â„¥ ij seminis lini faenugr an â„¥ ss fol. malvae viol pariet an m. ss A Cataplasm to soften the excrements Let them be boyled in fair water afterwards beaten and drawn through a searse adding thereto of new Butter without Salt and Oyl of Lillies as much as shall suffice Make a Cataplasm in the form of a liquid Pultis Let it be applyed hot to the Cod and bottom of the Belly by the help of this remedy when it had been applyed all night the Guts have not seldom been seen of themselves without the hand of a Chirurgeon to have returned into their proper place The windiness being resolved which hindered the going back of the excrements into another Gut whereby they might be evacuated and expelled But if the excrements will not go back thus the flatulencies yet resisting undiscussed an emollient and carminative clyster is to be admitted with a little Chymical Oyl of Turpentine Dill Juniper or Fennil Clysters of Muscadine Chymical Oyl Oyl of Walnuts and Aqua vitae and a small quantity of any the aforesaid Oyls are good for the same purpose It often happens that the Guts cannot yet be restored because the process of the Peritonaeum is not wide enough For when the excrements are fallen down with the Gut into the Cod they grow hard by little little and encrease by the access of flatulencies caused by resolution which cause such a tumor as cannot be put up through that hole by which a little before it fell down whereby it happens that by putrefaction of the matter there contained come inflammations and a new access of pain and lastly a vomiting and evacuation of the excrements by the mouth being hindered from the other passage of the fundament They vulgarly call this affect Miserere mei That you may help this symptom you must rather assay extreme remedies than suffer the Patient to dye by so filthy and loathsom a death And we must cure it by Chirurgery after this manner following We will bind the Patient lying on his back upon a Table or Bench then presently make an Incision in the upper part of the Cod not touching the substance of the Gut then we must have a silver Cane or Pipe of the thickness of a Goose-quill round and gibbous in one part thereof but somewhat hollowed in the other as is shewed by this following Figure The Figure of the Pipe or Cane We must put it into the place of the Incision The Chirurgical cure by the Golden Tie and put it under the production of the Peritonaeum being cut together with the Cod all the length of the production that so with a sharp Knife we may divide the process of the Peritonaeum according to that cavity separated from the Guts there contained by the benefit of the Cane in a right line not hurting the Guts When you have made an indifferent Incision the Guts must gently be put up into the Belly with your fingers and then so mush of the cut Peritonaeum must be sowed up as shall seem sufficient that by that passage made more strait nothing may fall into the Cod after it is cicatrized But if there be such abundance of excrements hardned either by the stay or heat of inflammation that that Incision is not sufficient to force the excrements into their place the Incision must be made longer your Cane being thrust up towards the Belly so that it may be sufficient for the free regress of the Guts into the Belly Then sow it up as is fit and the way will be shut up against the falling down of the Gut or Kall the process
in the amputation of a member And it happens by the puncture of a venemous beast or from seed retained or corrupted in the womb or from a Gangrene or Sphacel from a venenate and putrid air carryed up to the Brain or from a sodain tumult and fear Lastly what things soever with any distemper The Cure especially hot do hurt and debilitate the mind These may cause doting by the afflux of humors specially cholerick by dissipation oppression or corruption of the spirits Therefore if it shall proceed from the inflammation of the Brain and Meninges or Membranes thereof after purging and bloud-letting by the prescription of a Physitian the hair being shaved or cut off the head shall be fomented with Rose-Vinegar and then an Emplaister of Diacalcitheos dissolved in Oyl and Vinegar of Roses shall be laid thereupon Sleep shall be procured with Barly creams wherein the seeds of white Poppy have been boyled with broths made of the decoction of the cold seeds of Lettuce Purslain Sorrel and such like Cold things shall be applyed to his Nostrils as the seeds of Poppy gently beaten with rose-Rose-water and a little Vinegar Let him have merry and pleasant companions that may divert his mind from all cogitation of sorrowful things and may ease and free him of cares and with their sweet intreaties may bring him to himself again But if it happen by default of the spirits you must seek remedy from those things which have been set down in the Chapter of Swooning The End of the Ninth Book The Tenth BOOK Of the Green and Bloudy WOVNDS of each Part. CHAP. I. Of the kinds or differences of a broken Skull NOw that we have briefly treated of Wounds in general that is of their differences signs causes prognosticks and cure and also shewed the reason of the accidents and symptoms which usually follow and accompany them it remains that we treat of them as they are incident to each part because the cure of wounds must be diversly performed according to the diversity of the parts Now we will begin with the wounds of the head The differences of a broken Head Therefore the head hath the hairy scalp lightly bruised without any wound otherwhiles it is wounded without a Contusion and sometimes it is both contused and wounded but a fracture made in the skull is sometimes superficiary sometimes it descends even to the Diploe sometimes it penetrates through the 2 Tables and the Meninges into the very substance of the Brain besides the Brain is oft-times moved and shaken with breaking of the internal veins and divers symptoms happen when there appears no wound at all in the head of all and every of which we will speak in order and add their cure especially according to the opinion of the divine Hippocrates He in his Book of the wounds of the head seems to have made 4 or 5 kinds of fractures of the skull The kinds of a broken Skull out of Hippocrates The first is called a fissure or fracture the second a contusion or collision the third is termed Effractura the fourth is named Sedes or a seat the fifth if you please to add it you may call a Counterfissure or as the interpreter of Paulus calls it a Resonitus As when the Bone is cleft on the contrary side to that which received the stroak Differences from their quantity Differences from their figure From their complication There are many differences of these five kinds of a broken skull For some fractures are great some small and others indifferent some run out to a greater length or bredth others are more contracted some reside only in the superficies others descend to the Diploe or else pierce through both the Tables of the Skull some run in a right line others in an oblique and circular some are complicated amongst themselves as a Fissure is necessarily and alwayes accompained with a Collision or Contusion and others are associated with divers accidents as pain heat swelling bleeding and the like Sometimes the Skull is so broken that the Membrane lying under it is pressed with shivers of the Bone as with pricking needles Somewhiles none of the Bones fall off All which differences are diligently to be observed because they force us to vary cure and therefore for the help of memory I have thought good to describe them in the following Table A Table of the Fractures of the Skull A Fracture or Solution of continuity in the Skull is caused either by Contusion that is a collision of a thing bruising hard heavy and obtuse which shall fall or be smitten against the head or against which the head shall be knocked so that the broken Bones are divided or Keep their natural figure and site touching each other whence proceeds that fracture of the Skull which is called a fissure which is Either manifest and apparent that is To your sight To your feeling Or instrument Or obscure and not manifest when as not the part which received the blow is wounded but the contrary thereto and that happens either In the same Bone and that two manner of ways as On the side as for example when the right side of the Bone of the Forehead is strucken the left is cleft Or from above to below as when not the first Table which received the blow is cleft but that which is under it In divers Bones to wit in such men as want Sutures or have them very close or disposed other-wayes then is fit and this opposition is either From the right side to the left and so on the contrary as when the right Bregma is struck and the left cleft From before to behind and the contrary as when the Forehead is smitten the Nowl is cleft Or between both that is the obscure and manifest as that which is termed a Capillary fissure and is manifested by smearing it over with Oyl and writing Ink. Or lose their site and that either Wholly so that the particles of the broken Bone removed from their seat and falling down press the Membrane whence proceeds that kind of effracture which retains a kind of attrition when as the Bone struck upon is broken as it were into many fragments shivers and scales either apparent or hid in the sound Bone so that it is pressed down Or in some sort as when the broken bone is in some part separated but in others adheres to the whole Bone whence another kind of effracture arises you may call it arched when as the Bone so swels up that it leaves an empty space below Or by incision of a sharp or cutting thing but that incision is made either by Succision when the bone is so cut that in some part it yet adheres to the sound Bone Rescission when the fragment falls down wholly broken off Or Seat when the mark of the weapon remains imprinted in the wound that the wound is of no more length nor breadth than the weapon fell upon Another Table of the
alwayes using advice of a Physitian Having used these general means you must apply refrigerating and humecting things such as are the juyce of Night-shade Housleek Purslane Lettuce Navel-wort Water-Lentil or Ducks-meat Gourds a Liniment made of two handfuls of Sorrel boyled in fair water then beaten or drawn through a searse with Oyntment of Roses or some unguent Populeon added thereto will be very commodious Such and the like remedies must be often and so long renewed until the unnatural heat be extinguished But we must be careful to abstain from all unctuous Oyly things Why Oyly things must not be used in an Erysipelas of the face because they may easily be inflamed and so encrease the disease Next we must come to resolving Medicines but it is good when any thing comes from within to without but on the contrary it is ill when it runs from without inwards as experience and the Authority of Hippocrates testifie If when the bone shall become purulent Aph. 25. sect 6. pustules shall break out on the tongue by the dropping down of the acrid filth or matter by the holes of the palat upon the tongue which lyes under now when this symptom appears few escape Also it is deadly when one becomes dumb and stupid that is Apoplectick by a stroak or wound on the Head for it is a sign that not only the Bone but also the Brain it self is hurt But oft-times the hurt of the Brain proceeds so far Deadly signs in wounds of the head that from corruption it turns to a Sphacel in which case they all have not only pustules on their tongues but some of them dye stupid and mute othersome with a convulsion of the opposite part neither as yet I have observed any which have dyed with either of these symptoms by reason of a wound in the head who have not had the substance of their Brain tainted with a Sphacel as it hath appeared when their Skulls have been opened after their death CHAP. XI Why when the Brain is hurt by a Wound of the Head there may follow a Convulsion of the opposite part MAny have to this day enquired A Convulsion is cauâ—ed by dryness but as yet as far as I know it hath not been sufficiently explained why a Convulsion in wounds of the head seizes on the part opposite to the blow Therefore I have thought good to end that controversie in this place My reason is this A twofold câ—use of Convulsifick dryness that kind of Symptom happens in the sound part by reason of emptiness and dryness but there is a twofold cause and that wholly in the wounded part of this emptiness and dryness of the sound or opposite part to wit pain and the concourse of the spirits and humors thither by the occasion of the wound and by reason of the pains drawing and natures violently sending help to the afflicted part The sound part exhausted by this means both of the spirits humors easily falls into a Convulsion For thus Galen writes God the Creator of Nature hath so knit together Lib. 4. de usâ—e partium the triple spirituous substance of our bodies with that tye and league of concord by the production of the passages to wit of Nerves Veins and Arteries that if one of these forsake any part the rest presently neglect it whereby it languisheth and by little and little dyes through defect of nourishment But if any object that Nature hath made the body double for this purpose that when one part is hurt the other remaining safe and sound might suffice for life and necessity but I say this axiom hath no truth in the vessels and passages of the body For it hath not every where doubled the vessels for there is but one only vein appointed for the nourishment of the Brain and the Membranes thereof which is that they call the Torcular by which when the left part is wounded it may exhaust the nourishment of the right and sound part and through that occasion cause it to have a Convulsion by too much dryness Verily it is true that when in the opposite parts the Muscles of one kind are equal in magnitude strength and number the resolution of one part makes the convulsion of the other by accident but it is not so in the Brain For the two parts of the Brain the right and left each by its self performs that which belongs thereto without the consent conspiration or commerce of the opposite part for otherwise it should follow that the Palsie properly so called that is of half the body which happens by resolution caused either by mollification or obstruction residing in either part of the Brain should inferr together with it a Convulsion of the opposite part Which notwithstanding dayly experience convinceth as false Wherefore we must certainly think that in wounds of the Head wherein the Brain is hurt that Inanition and want of nourishment are the causes that the sound and opposite part suffers a Convulsion Francis Dalechampius in his French Chirurgery renders another reason of this question That Opinion of Dalechampius saith he the truth of this proposition may stand firm and ratified we must suppose that the Convulsion of the opposite part mentioned by Hippocrates doth then only happen when by reason of the greatness of the inflammation in the hurt part of the Brain which hath already inferred corruption and a Gangrene to the Brain and Membranes thereof and within a short time is ready to cause a sphacel in the Skull so that the disease must be terminated by death for in this defined state of the disease and these conditions the sense and motion must necessarily perish in the affected part as we see it happens in other Gangrens through the extinction of the native heat Besides the passages of the animal Spirit must necessarily be so obstructed by the greatness of such an inflammation or phlegmon that it cannot flow from thence to the parts of the same side lying there-under and to the neighbouring parts of the Brain and if it should flow thither it will be unprofitable to carry the strength and faculty of sense and motion as that which is infected and changed by admixture of putrid and Gangrenous vapours Whereby it cometh to pass that the wounded part destitute of sense is not stirred up to expel that which would be troublesome to it if it had sense wherefore neither are the Nerves thence arising seised upon or contracted by a Convulsion It furthermore comes to pass that because these same Nerves are deprived of the presence and comfort of the Animal Spirit and in like manner the parts of the same side drawing from thence their sense and motion are possessed with a Palsie for a Palsie is caused either by the cutting or obstruction of a Nerve or the madefaction or mollification thereof by a thin and watry humor or so affected by some vehement distemper that it cannot receive the
the Sanies or matter Or else â„ž Mellis rosar â„¥ ij farinae hord pulver aloes mastich Ireos florent an Ê’ ss aqua vitae parum let them be incorporated together and make a detersive medicine for the foresaid use Sometimes also the Crassa Meninx is inflamed after Trepaning and swoln by a Phlegmon that Paulus lib. 6. cap. 90. impatient of its place it rises out of the hole made by the Trepan and lifts it self much higher then the skull whence grievous symptoms follow Wherefore to prevent death of which then we ought to be afraid we must inlarge the former hole with our cutting mullets that the matter contained under the skull by reason of whose quantity the membrane swells may the more freely breathe and pass forth and then we must go about by the prescript of the Physitian to let him bleed again to purge and diet him The inflammation shall be resisted by the application of contrary remedies as this following fomentation â„ž Sem. lini althae fon psillii ros rub an â„¥ j. solani plantag an M. j. bulliant in aqua tepida communi ex qua fiat fotus Anodyne and repelling medicines shall be dropped into his ears when it is exceedingly swoln that the tumor may subside Remedies for the inflammation of the Crassa Meninx you shall cast upon it the meal or floure of lentils or vine leaves beaten with Goose grease With all which remedies if the tumor do not vanish and withall you conjecture that there is Pus or matter contained therein then you must open the Dura Mater with your incision-knife holding the point upwards and outwards for so the matter will be poured forth and the substance of the brain not hurt nor touched Many other Chirurgeons and I my self How we must open the Crassa Meninx when it is impostumate have done this in many patients with various success For it is better in desperate cases to try a doubtful remedy then none at all also it oft-times happens whether by the violence of the contusion and blow or concretion or clotting of the blood which is shed or the appulse of the cold ayre or the rash application of medicines agreeing neither in temper nor complexion with the Crassa Meninx or also by the putrefaction of the proper substance that the Dura Mater it self becomes black The causes and remedies of the blackness of the Dura Mater Remedies for contusion Of which symptome the Chirurgion must have a great and special care Therefore that thou mayst take away the blackness caused by the vehemency of the contusion you shall put upon it oyle of eggs with a little Aquae vitae and a small quantity of Saffron and Orris roots in fine powder you shall also make a fomentation of discussing and aromatick things boyled in water and wine and Vigoes Cerat formerly described shall be applyed But if the harm come from congealed blood you shall withstand it with this following remedie â„ž Aqua vitae â„¥ ij granor tinctorum in tenuem pulverem tritorumÊ’ijss croci ℈ 1. Mellis rosat â„¥ ijss sarcocol Ê’iij Leviter simul â—â—lliant omnia de colatura infundatur quousque nigrites fuerit obliterata For congealed blood If this affect come by the touch of the ayre it shall be helped with this following remedy â„ž Tereb ven â„¥ iij Mellis ros For the hurt received by the Ayre â„¥ ij Vitellum ov unum farin hordeiÊ’iij croci ℈ j. sarcocol Ê’ij aq vitaeÊ’ij Incorporentur simul â—ulliant paululum This remedy shall be used untill the blackness be taken away and the membrane recover its pristine colour What medicins make the Crassa Mâ—ninx black But if this affect proceed from the rash use of medicines it must be helped by application of things contrary For thus the offence caused by the too long use of moist and oyly medicines may be amended by using catagmatick and cephalick powders but the heat and biting of acrid medicines shall be mitigated by the contrary use of gentle things for both humid and acrid things somewhat long used make the part look black that truly by generating and heaping up filth but this Medicins against the putrefaction of the Meninx by the burning and hardening heat But when such blackness proceeds from putrefaction Iohn de Vigo commends the following remedy â„ž aqua vitae â„¥ ij mellis rosat â„¥ ss But if the affect be grown so contumacious that it will not yeeld to this gentle remedy then this following will be convenient â„ž Aq. vitae â„¥ iij. mellis ros â„¥ j. pulver Mercur. Ê’ij unica eâ—ullitione bulliant simul ad usum dictum Or â„ž aqua vit â„¥ jss syrup absinth mellis rosat an Ê’ij unguenti AegyptiaciÊ’jss sarcocol myrrhae aloes an.Ê’j. vini albi boni odoriferi â„¥ j. Bulliant leviter omnia simul colentur ad usum dictum But if the force of the putrefaction be so stubborn that it will not yeeld to these remedies it will be helped with Aegyptiacum made with plantain water instead of Vinegar used alone by it self or with the powder of Mercury alone by it self or mixt with the powder of Alome Neither must we be afraid to use such remedies especially in this extream disease of the Dura Mater for in Galens opinion the Crassa Meninx after the skull is trepaned delights in medicines that are acrid Why the Crassa Meninx easily endures acâ—id medicins that is strong and very drying especially if it have no Phlegmon and this for two reasons the first is for that hard and dry bodies such as membranous bodies are be not easily affected unless by strong medicines the other is which must be the chief and prime care of the Physitian to preserve and restore the native temper of the part by things of like temper to it But if the auditory passage not only reaching to the hard membranes of the Brain but also touching the Nerve which descends into it from the brain suffer most vehement medicines though it be placed so neer certainly the Crassa Meninx will endure them far more easily and without harm But if by these means the putrefaction be not restrained and the tumor be encreased so much that the Dura Mater rising far above the skull remains unmoveable black and dry and the patients eyes look fiery stand forth of his head and rowl up and down with unquietness and a phrensie Signs of death at hand and these so many ill accidents be not fugitive but constant then know that death is at hand both by reason of the corruption of the gangraen of a noble part as also by extinction of the native heat CHAP. XXII Of the cure of the Brain being shaken or moved What the concussion of the brain is WE have formerly declared the causes signs and symptoms of the concussion or shaking of the Brain without any wound of the musculous skin or fracture of the bone wherefore for
made with a Chicken to be taken in the morning for eight or nine days after the first concoction The choice of meats For meats in the beginning of the disease when the faculties are not too much debilitated he shall use such as nourish much and long though of hard digestion such as the extream parts of beasts as the feet of Calves Hogs-feet not salted the flesh of a Tortois which hath lived so long in a garden as may suffice to digest the excrementitious humidity the flesh of white Snails and such as have been gathered in a vineyard of frogs river-Crabs Eels taken in clear water and well cooked hard Eggs eaten with the juyce of Sorrel without spices Whitings and Stockfish For all such things because they have a tough and glutinous juyce are easily put and glutinated to the parts of our body neither are they so easily dissipated by the feaverish heat But when the paient languisheth of a long hectick he must feed upon meats of easie digestion these boyled rather than roasted for boyled meats humect more and roasted more easily turn into choler Wherefore he may use to eat veal kid capon pullet boiled with refrigerating and humecting herbs he may also use barly-creams almond-milks as also bread crummed and moistned with rose-rose-water boiled in a decoction of the four cold seeds with sugar of roses for such a Panada cools the liver and the habit of the whole body and nourisheth withal The testicles wings and livers of young Cocks as also figs and raisons But if the Patient at length begin to loath grow weary of boiled meats then let him use roast but so that he cut away the burnt and dryed part thereof and feed only on the inner parr thereof and that moistned in rose-Rose-water the juyce of Citrons Oranges or Pomegranates Let him abstain from salt and dry fishes and chuse such fishes as live in stony-waters for the exercise they are forc'd to undergo in shunning the rocks beaten upon by the waves How Asses milk must be used in a hectick Asses milk newly milked and seasoned with a little salt sugar honey or fennel that it may not corrupt nor grow sowre in the stomach or womans milk sucked from the dug by the Patient to the quantity of half a pint is much commended verily womans milk is the more wholsome as that which is more sweet and familiar to our substance if so be that the nurse be of a good temper and habit of body Womans milk more wholesome than Asses For so it is very good against the gnawings of the stomach and ulcers of the lungs from whence a Consumption often proceeds Let your milch Ass be fed with barly oats oak-leaves but if the Patient chance to be troubled with the flux of the belly you shall make the milk somewhat astringent by gently boyling it and quenching therein pebble-stones heated red hot But for that all natures cannot away with Asses-milk such shall abstain from it as it makes to have acrid belchings difficulty of breathing a heat and rumbling in the Hypochondria and pain of the head Let the Patient temper his Wine with a little of the waters of Lettuce Purslain and water-Lillies but with much Bugloss-water both for that it moistens very much as also for that it hath a specifick power to recreate the heart whose solid substance in this kind of disease is grievously afflicted And thus much of things to be taken inwardly These things which are to be outwardly applyed are inunctuous baths epithems clysters Things to be outwardly applyed Inunctions are divers according to the various indications of the parts whereto they are applyed For Galen anoints all the spine with cooling and moderate astringent things as which may suffice to strengthen the parts and hinder their wasting and not let the transpiration for if it should be letted the heat would become more acrid by suppressing the vapours Oyl of roses water-lillies quinces the mucilages of Gum-tragacanth and Arabick extracted into water of Night-shade with some small quantity of camphire and a little wax if need require but on the contrary the parts of the breast must be anointed with refrigerating and relaxing things by refrigerating I mean things which moderately cool for cold is hurtful to the breast But astringent things would hinder the motions of the muscles of the chest and cause a difficulty of breathing Such inunctions may be made of oyl of violets willows of the seeds of lettuce poppies water-lillies mixing with them the oyl of sweet almonds to temper the astriction which they may have by their coldness A caution in the choyce of Oyls But you must have great care that the Apothecary for covetousness in stead of these oyls newly made give you not old rancid and salted oyls for so in stead of refrigerating you shall heat the part for wine honey and oyl acquire more heat by age in defect of convenient oyls we may use butter well washed in violet and nightshade water The use of such inunctions is too cool humect and comfort the parts whereto they are used they must be used evening morning chiefly after a bath Now for Baths we prescribe them either only to moisten The differences of Baths and then plain warm water wherein the flowers of violets and water-lillies willow-leaves and barly have been boyled will be sufficient or else not only to moisten but also to acquire them a fairer and fuller habit and then you may add to your bath the decoction of a Sheeps-head and Gather with some Butter But the Patient shall not enter into the bath fasting but after the first concoction of the stomach Why the Patients must not enter the Bath fasting that so the nourishment may be drawn by the warmness of the bath into the whole habit of the body For otherwise he which is sick of a consumption and shall enter the bath with his stomack empty shall suffer a greater dissipation of the triple substance by the heat of the bath than his strength is well able to endure Wherefore it is fit thus to prepare the body before you put it into the bath How to prepare the body for the Bath The day before in the morning let him take an emollient clyster to evacuate the excrements baked in the guts by the hectick dryness then let him eat to his dinner some solid meats about nine of the clock and let him about four of the clock eat somewhat sparingly meats of easie digestion to his supper A little after midnight let him sup off some chicken-broth or barly-cream or else two rear egs tempered with some rose-water and sugar of roses instead of salt Some 4 or 5 hours after let him enter into the bath those things which I have set down being observed When he comes out of the bath let him be dryed and gently rubbed with soft linnen cloaths and anointed as I formerly prescribed then let him sleep if he
and congealing of blood A drink for the same purpose â„ž Ligni guajaci â„¥ viij radicis enulae camp consolid majoris Ireos Florent polypod querni seminis coriandri anisi an â„¥ ss glycyrhiz â„¥ ij nepetae centaureae caryophyl cardui ben verbenae an m. s aquae fontanae lib. xij Let them be all beaten and infused for the space of twelve hours then let them boil over a gentle fire untill the one half be consumed let the Patient drink some halfe a pint of this drink in the morning and then sweat some hours upon it in his bed and do this for seven or eight dayes If any poor man light upon such a mischance who for want of means cannot be at such cost it will be good having wrapped him in a sheet to bury him up to the chin in Dung mixed with some hay or straw and there to keep him untill he have sweat sufficiently I have done thus to many with very good success You shall also give the Patient potions made with syrups which have power to hinder the coagulation and putrefaction of the blood such as syrup of Vinegar or Lemmons of the juice of Citrons and such others to the quantity of an ounce dissolved in scabius or Cardnus water You may also presently after the fall give this drink which hath power to hinder the coagulation of the blood and strengthen the bowells â„ž Rhei elect in pul redacti ℈ j aquae ruliae majoris plantagin an â„¥ j. theriacaÊ’ ss syrupide rosis siccis â„¥ ss fiat pâ—â—us Let him take it in the morning for four or five dayes In stead hereof you may make a potion of one dram of Sperma ceti d ssolved in bugloss or some other of the waters formerly mentioned and half an ounce of syrup of Maiden-hair if the disease yield not at all to these formerly prescribed medicins it will be good to give the Patient for nine dayes three or four hours before meat A powder for the same some of the following powder â„ž rhei torrefacti rad rub majoris centaurei gentianae aristoli rotundae an â„¥ ss give Ê’j hereof with syrup of Vinegar and Carduus water They say that the water of green Walnuts distilled by an Alembick is good to dissolve congealed and knotted blood Also you may use baths made of the decoction of the roots of Orris Elecampane Sorrel Fennel Marshmallows Water-fern or Osmund the waterman the greater Comfrey the seeds of Faenugreek the leaves of Sage Marjerum the flowres of Camomile Melilote and the like For a warm Bath hath power to rarifie the skin The distilled water of green Walnuts Baths to dissolve the clotted blood by cutting the tough and mitigating the acrid humors by calling them forth into the surface of the body and relaxing the passages thereof so that the rebellious qualities being orecome there ensues an easie evacuation of the matter by vomit or expectoration if it flote in the Stomach or be contained in the Chest but by stool and urin if it lye in the lower parts by sweats and transpiration if it lye next under the skin Wherefore bathes are good for those who have a Peripneumonia or inflammation of their Lungs Lib 3 de vict aâ—ut lib. 3. de de meth or a Plurisie according to the mind of Hippocrates if so be that they be used when the feaver begins to be asswaged for so they mitigate pain help forwards suppuration and hasten the spitting up of the purulent matter But we would not have the Patient enter into the bath unless he have first used general remedies as blood-letting and purging for otherwise there will be no small danger lest the humors diffused by the heat of the bath cause a new defluxion into the parts affected Wherefore do not thou by any means attempt to use this or the like remedy having not first had the advice of a Physitian CHAP. III. How we must handle Contusions when they are joyned with a Wound EVery great Contusion forthwith requires Bloud-letting or purging or both and these either for evacuation or revulsion For thus Hippocrates in a contusion of the heel Sect. lib. fract gives a vomitory portion the same day or else the next day after the heel is broken And then if the Contusion have a wound associating it the defluxion must be strayed at the beginning with an Ointment made of Bole-Armenick the white of Eggs and Oyl of Roses and Myrtles with the powders of red-Roses Alome and Mastich At the second dressing apply a digestive made of the yolk of an Egg Oyl of Violets and Turpentine A suppurative Cataplasm This following Cataplasm shall be applyed to the near parts to help forwards suppuration â„ž rad althaeae lilii an â„¥ iiij sal malâ— violar senecionis an M. ss coquantur complete passentur per setaceum addendo butyri recentis olei viol an â„¥ iij. farinae volatilis quant sufficit fiat cataplasma ad formam pultis liquidae A caution to be observed Yet have a care in using of Cataplasms that you do not too much exceed for too frequent and immoderate use of them makes wounds phlegmonous sordid and putrid Wherefore the wound after it is come to suppuration must be clensed filled with flesh and cicatrized unless happily the contused flesh shall be very much torn so that the native heat forsake it for then it must be cut away But if there be any hope to agglutinate it let it be sowed How contused wounds must be sowed and other things performed according to Art but the stitches must not be made so close together as when the wound is simple and without contusion for such wounds are easily inflamed and swell up which would occasion either the breaking of the thred or flesh or tearing of the skin CHAP. IV. Of these Contusions which are without a Wound IF the skin being whole and not hurt as far as can be discerned the flesh which lies under it be contused and the bloud poured forth under the skin make an Ecchymosis then the Patient must be governed according Art until the malign symptoms which commonly happen be no more to be feared Wherefore in the beginning draw bloud on the opposite side Phlebotomy both for evacuation and revulsion The contused part shall be scarified with equal scarifications Scarifying Cupping-glasses then shall you apply Cupping-glasses or horns both for evacuation of the bloud which causes the tumor and tension in the part as also to ventilate and refrigerate the heat of the part lest it turn into an Abscess Neither must we in the mean while omit gentle purging of the Belly Astrictives how good in Contusions The first Topick medicins ought to be astrictives which must lye some short while upon the part that so the Veins and Arteries may be as it were straitned and closed up and so the defluxion hindered as also that the part it self may be
cold they would cause pain and consequently defluxion besides also their strength could not pass or enter into the part or be brought into action but so applyed they asswage pain hinder inflammation and the rising of blisters CHAP. IX Of hot and attractive Medicins to be applyed to Burns How fire may asswage the pain of burning AMongst the hot and attractive things which by rarifying drawing out and dissolving asswage the pain and heat of combustions the fire challenges the first place especially when the burning is but small For the very common people know and find by daily experience that the heat of the lightly burnt part vanishes away and the pain is asswaged if they hold the part which was burnt some pretty while to the heat of a lighted Candle or burning Coals for the similitude causeth attraction Thus the external fire whilest it draws forth the fire which is internal and inust into the part is a remedy against the disease it caused and bred It is also an easily made and approved remedy Beaten Onions good for burns and how if they presently after the Burn apply to the grieved part raw Onions beaten with some Salt Now you must note that this medicine takes no place if it be once gone into an ulcer for it would increase the pain and inflammation but if it be applyed when the skin is yet whole and not excoriated it doth no such thing but hinders the rising of pustles and blisters Hippocrates for this cause also uses this kind of remedy in procuring the fall of the Eschar If any endeavour to gainsay the use of this remedy by that principle in Physick which says that contraries are cured by contraries and therefore affirm that Onions Lib. 5. simpl according to the authority of Galen being hot in the fourth degree are not good for combustions let him know that Onions are indeed potentially hot and actually moist therefore they rarifie by their hot quality and soften the skin by their actual moisture whereby it comes to pass that they attract draw forth and dissipate the imprinted heat and so hinder the breaking forth of Pustles To conclude the fire as we formerly noted is a remedy against the fire But neither are diseases always healed by their contraries saith Galen but sometimes by their like although all healing proceed from the contrary this word contrary being more largely and strictly taken for so also a Phlegmon is often cured by resolving medicines which healeth it by dissipating the matter thereof Therefore Onions are very profitable for the burnt parts which are not yet exulcerated or excoriated But there are also many other medicins good to hinder the rising of blisters such as new Horse-dung fryed in Oyl of Wal-nuts or Roses and applyed to the parts In like manner the leaves of Elder or Dane-wort boyled in Oyl of Nuts and beaten with a little Salt Also quenched L me powdered and mixed with Unguentum Rosatum Or else the leaves of Cuckow-pint and Sage beaten together with a little Salt Also Carpenters Glue dissolved in water and anointed upon the part with a feather is good for the same purpose Also thick Vernish which Polishers or Sword Cutlers use But if the pain be more vehement How often in a day these must be dressed these medicins must be renewed three or four times in a day and a night so to mitigate the bitterness of this pain But if so be we cannot by these remedies hinder the rising of Blisters then we must presently cut them as soon as they rise for that the humor contained in them not having passage forth acquires such acrimony that it eats the flesh which lyeth under it and so causeth hollow ulcers So by the multitude of causes and increase of matter the inflammation groweth greater not only for nine days as the common people prattle but for far longer time also somewhiles for less time if the body be neither repleat with ill humors nor plethorick and you have speedily resisted the pain and heat by fit remedies When the combustion shall be so great as to cause an Eschar Medicins for an Eschar the falling away must be procured by the use of emollient and humective medicins as of Greases Oyls Butter with a little Basilicon or the following Ointment â„ž Mucagin psillii cydon an â„¥ iiij gummi trag â„¥ ij extrahantur cum aqua pariatariae olei filiorum â„¥ ijss cerae novae q. s fiat unguentum molle For ulcers and excoriations you shall apply fit remedies which are those that are without acrimony such as Unguentum album camphoratum deficcativum rubrum unguentum rosatum made without Vinegar or nutritum composed after this manner â„ž lithargyri auri â„¥ iiij ol rosat â„¥ iij. ol de papavar â„¥ ij ss ung populcon â„¥ iiij A description of Nutritum camphoraeÊ’ j. fiat unguentum in mortario plumbeo secundum artem Or Oyl of Egs tempered in a Leaden Mortar Also unquenched lime many times washed and mixed with unguentum rosatum or fresh Butter without Salt and some yolks of Egs hard roasted Or â„ž Butyri recent sine sale ustulati colati â„¥ vj. vitell over iiij cerus lotae in aqua plantag vel resar â„¥ ss tuthiae similiter lotae Ê’ iij. pâ—um i usti loti Ê’ ij Misceantur omnia simul fiat linimentum ut decet Or else â„ž cort sanâ—uc viridis olei rosat an lib. j. bulliant simul lento igne postea colentur adde olei ovorum â„¥ iiij pul cerus luthiae praepar an â„¥ j. cerae albae quantum sufficit fiat unguentum molle secundum artem But the quantity of drying medicins may always be encreased or diminished according as the condition of the ulcer shall seem to require The following remedies are fit to asswage pain as the mucilages of Line-seeds of the seeds of Psillium or Flea-wort and Quinces extracted in Rose-water or fair-water with the addition of a little Camphire and lest that it dry too speedily adde thereto some Oyl of Roses Also five or six yolks of Egs mixed with the mucilages of Line-seed the seed of Psillium and Quinces often renewed are very powerful to asswage pain A remedy for Burns commonly used in in the Hospital of Paris The women which attend upon the people in the Hospital in Paris do happily use this medicine against burns â„ž Lard conscissi libram unam let it be dissolved in Rose-water then strained through a linnen cloath then wash it four times with the water of Hen-bane or some other of that kind then let it be incorporated with eight yolks of new laid Egs and so make an Ointment If the smart be great as usually it is in these kinds of wounds the ulcer or sores shall be covered over with a piece of Tiffany lest you hurt them by wiping them with somewhat a coarse cloth and so also the matter may easily come forth and the medicins easily
heat is oppressed and suffocated But this I would admonish the young Chirurgeon that when by the fore-mentioned signs he shall find the Gangrene present that he do not defer the amputation for that he finds some sense or small motion yet residing in the part For oft-times the affected parts are in this case moved not by the motion of the whole muscle but only by means that the head of the muscle is not yet taken with the Gangrene which moving its self by its own strength also moves its proper and continued tendon and tail though dead already wherefore it is ill to make any delay in such cases CHAP. XIV Of the Prognosticks in Gangrenes HAving given you the signs and causes to know a Gengrene it is fit we also give you the prognosticks The fierceness and the malignity thereof is so great that unless it be most speedily withstood the part it self will dye and also take hold of the neighbouring parts by the contagion of its mortification which hath been the cause that a Gangrene by many hath been termed an Esthiomenos For such corruption creeps out like poyson Why a Gangrene is called Esthiomenos and like fire eats gnaws and destroys all the neighbouring parts until it hath spread over the whole body For as Hippocrates writes Lib. de vulner capitis Mortui viventis nulla est proportio i. there is no proportion between the dead and living Wherefore it is fit presently to separate the dead from the living for unless that be done the living will dye by the contagion of the dead In such as are at the point of death The quick impatient of the dead a cold sweat flows over all their bodies they are troubled with ravings and watchings belchings and hicketing molest them and often swoundings invade them by reason of the vapours abundantly and continually raised from the corruption of the humors and flesh and so carryed to the Bowels and principal parts by the Veins Nerves and Arteries Wherefore when you have foretold these things to the friends of the Patient then make haste to fall to your work CHAP. XV. Of the General cure of a Gangrene Various Indications of curing a Gangrene THe Indications of curing Gangrenes are to be drawn from their differences for then cure must be diversly instituted according to the essence and magnitude For some Gangrenes possess the whole member others only some portion thereof some are deep othersome superficial only Also you must have regard to the temper of the body For soft and delicate bodies as of Children Women Eunuchs and idle persons require much milder medicins than those who by nature and custom or vocation of life are more strong and hardy such as Husbandmen Labourers Mariners Huntsmen Porters and men of the like nature who live sparingly and hardly What parts soonest taken â—old by a Gangrene Neither must you have respect to the body in general but also to the parts affected for the fleshy and musculous parts are different from the solid as the nerves and joynts or more solid as the Vertebrae Now the hot and moist parts as the privities mouth womb and fundament are easilyer and sooner taken hold of by putrefaction wherefore we must use more speedy means to help them Wherefore if the Gangrene be chiefly occasioned from an internal cause he must have a dyet prescribed for the decent and fitting use of the six things not natural If the body be plethorick or full of ill humors you must purge or let bloud by the advice of a Physitian Against the ascending up of vapours to the noble parts the heart must chiefly be strengthened with Treacle dissolved in Sorrel or Carduus-water with a bole of Mithridate the Conserve of Roses and Bugloss and with Opiâ—tes made for the present purpose according to Art this following Apozeme shall be outwardly applyed to the region of the heart A cordial Epithema â„ž Aquae rosar nenuphar an â„¥ iiij aceti scillitici â„¥ j. câ—rallorum santalorum alborum rulrorum rosar rub in pulver redactarum spodii an â„¥ j. mithrid theriacae an Ê’ ij ss trochiscorum de CaphuraÊ’ ij flor cardial in pollin redactarum p. ij creciÊ’ j. Ex omnibus in pollinem redactis fiat epithema Which may be applyed upon the region of the heart with a Scarlet-cloth or spunge These are usually such as happen in the cure of every Gangrene CHAP. XVI Of the particular cure of a Gangrene THe cure of a Gangrene caused by the too plentiful and violent defluxion of humors suffocating the native heat by reason of great Phlegmons is performed by evacuating and drying up the humors The cure of a Gangrene made by inflammation which putrefie by delay and collection in the part For this purpose scarifications and incisions great in differeâ—s small deep and superficiary according to the condition of the Gangrene are much commenâ—â—d that so the burdened part may injoy the benefit of perspiration and the contained humorâ— of difflation or evacuation of their sooty excrements Let Incisions be made when the â—ffeâ—◠〈◊〉 deep in and neer to mortification But scarifications may be used when the part first 〈◊〉 to putrefie for the greatness of the remedy must answer in proportion to that of the disâ—â—â—â— Wherefore if it penetrate to the bones it will be fit to cut the skin and flesh with mâ—â—â—â—â—d deep Incisions with an Incision-knife made for that purpose yet take heed of cutting the larger nerves and vessels unless they be wholly putrefied for if they be not yet putrefied you shall make your Incisions in the spaces between them if the Gangrene be less we must rest satisfied with only scarifying it When the Scarifications and Incisions are made we must suffer 〈◊〉 bloud to flow forth that so the conjunct matter may be evacuated Then must we apply and put upon it such medicins as may by heating drying resolving clensing and opening amend and correct the putrefaction and by piercing to the bottom may have power to overcome the virulency already impact in the part For this purpose Lotions made of the Lye of the Ashes of Fig-tree or Oak wherein Lupins have been throughly boyled are good Or you may with less trouble make a medicine with salt-Salt-water wherein you may dissolve Aloes and Aegyptiacum adding in the conclusion a little Aqua vitae The description of an Aegyptiacum for Aqua vitae and calcined Vitriol are singular medicins for a Gangrene Or â„ž acet optmi lb j. mel ros â„¥ iiij syrup acetosi â„¥ iij. salis com â„¥ v. lulliant simul adde aqua vitae lb. s Let the part be frequently washed with this medicine for it hath much force to repress Gangrenes After your Lotion lay Aegyptiacum for a Liniment and put it into the Incisions for there is no medicine more powerful against putrefaction for by causing an Eschar it separates the putrid flesh from the sound But we must not in
things to be observed in Ligation when a fracture is associated with a Wound THis taken out of the doctrine of the Ancients ought to be kept firm and ratified That the ligation must be most strait upon the wound that ligation must be made upon the wound otherwise the wounded part will presently lift it self up into a great tumor receiving the humors pressed thither by the force of the ligation made on this and that side above and below whence ensue many malign symptoms You may make tryall hereof upon a sound fleshy part What symptoms ensue the want of binding upon the wounded part for if you binde it above and below not touching that which is in the midst it will be lifted up into a great tumor and change the flourishing and native colour into a livid or blackish hue by reason of the flowing and abundance of the humors pressed forth on every side from the neighbouring parts Therefore such things will happen much the rather in a wounded or ulcerated part But for this cause the ulcer will remain unsuppurated and weeping crude and liquid sanies flowing there-hence like unto that which usually flowes from inflamed eyes Such sanies if it fall upon the bones and make any stay there it with the touch thereof burns and corrupts them and so much the more if they be rare and soft Signs of the corruption of the bones These will be the signs of such corruption of the bones if a greater quantity and that more filthy sanies flow from the Ulcer than was accustomed or the nature of a simple ulcer requires if the lips of the ulcer be inverted if the flesh be more soft and flaccid about them if a sorrowfull sense of a beating and also deep pain torment the Patient by fits if by searching with your probe you perceive the bone to be spoiled of its periosteum and lastly if you finde it scaly and rough or also if your probe be put down somewhat hard it run into the substance of the bone But we have treated sufficiently hereof in our particular Treatise of the rottenness of the bones But certainly such rottenness will never happen to the bone if the hurt part be bound up as is is fit and according to art Wherefore I judge it not amiss again to admonish the Surgeon of this that as far as the thing shall suffer When the wounded part must be omitted in ligation he make his rowlings upon the wound unless by chance there be such excessive pain and great inflammation that through occasion of such symptoms and accidents he be diverted from this proper and legitimate cure of the disease Therefore then because nothing more can be done let him only doe this which may be done without offence that is let him supply the defect of ligation and rowlers with a linnen cloth not too weak nor too much worn being twice or thrice doubled and which may serve to compass the wound and neighbouring parts once about let him sew the edges thereof at the sides of the wound lest he be forced to stir the fragments of the bones which once set ought to be kept unmoved as often as the wound comes to be dressed For broken bones do not require such frequent dressing as wounds and ulcers do By this it appears that as want of binding and too much loosness in absence of pain and a phlegmon so also too strait ligation when pain is present brings a phlegmon and abscess to the wound Therefore let all things here according to the forementioned rules and circumstances be indifferent I have for this purpose thought good to reiterate these things because you shall as yet find many who follow the practise of Paulus and make many circumvolutions here and there above and below the wound which presently they carry cross-wise Lattice-like binding to be shunned But this cross or lattice-like kind of ligation is wholly to be disliked and that only to be used which we have described according to the mind of Hippocrates Now it is time that I return to the former history of my mishap and declare what was done to me after that first dressing which I have formerly mentioned CHAP. XXV What was used to the Authors Leg after the first dressing I Being brought home to mine own house in Paris in the afternoon they took from me out of the Basilica of the left arm some six ounces of blood And then at the second dressing the lips or edges of the wound and places thereabout were anointed with unguentum rosatum Unguentum Rosatum wherefore good in fractures which by a joint consent of the Ancients is such commended in the beginnings of fractures for it will asswage pain and hinder inflammation by repelling the humours far from the wounded part for it is cold astringent and repelling as the composition thereof shews for it is made ex oleo omphacino aquâ rosaceâ pauco aceto cera alba Therefore I used this ointment for six dayes I dipped the compresses and rowlers somewhiles in Oxycrate otherwhiles in thick and astringent red wine for the strengthening of the part and repressing the humors which two things we must have a care of in Hippocrates opinion You must have a care that the compresses and rowlers grow not hard by driness in fractures especially with a wound Wherefore if at any time the compresses or rowlers seemed to dry I now and then moistened them with the Oxycrate or rose-vinegar for by their too much dryness pain and inflammation happen and if they binde the part somewhat more strait they hurt it also by their hardness You shall see many Surgeons who in this kind of affect from the beginning to the end use only astringent and emplastick medicins wholly contrary to the method set down by Hippocrates and commended by Galen For by the continued use of such things the pores and breathing-places of the skin are shut up whence the fuliginous excrement being supprest the externall heat is increased and itching caused and at length an ulcer by the fretting of the acrid and serous humour long supprest Whereby you may learn that astringent and emplastick medicins must not be used above six dayes Instead hereof you shall use the emplaisters which I shall presently describe In the beginning of my disease I used so spare a diet that for nine dayes I ate nothing each day but twelve stewed Prunes and six morsels of bread and drank a Paris pinte of sugred water of which water this was the composition The description of a sugred water ℞ sacc albis ℥ xij aquae font lb xij cinam ʒ iij. bulliant simul secundum artem Otherwhiles I used syrup of maidens-hair with boiled water Otherwhiles the divine drink as they term it whereof this is the composition ℞ aquae coctae lb vj. sacc albis ℥ iv succ lim ℥ j. agitentur transvasentur saepius in vasis vitreis I was purged when
performed a silver pipe shall bee put through the wound into the bladder whereof I have here given you divers forms that you may take your choice and so fit them to the wounds and not â—he wounds to them which oft-times in want of instruments the Surgeons are forced to do to the great harm of the patient Silver pipes to bee put in the bladder when the stone is drawn out These must have no holes in their sides as those here expressed but only in their ends that all the matter of the wound and the filth gathered and concrete in the bladder may flow and bee carried forth this way When cleer urine shall begin to flow out of the wound there shall bee no more need of a pipe therefore if you continue it and keâ—p it longer in the wound there is som danger least nature accustomed to that way may afterwards neglect to send the water through the Vrethra or urinarie passage Neither must you forget to defend the parts near to the wound with the following repercussive medicine to hinder the defluxion and inflammation which are incident by reason of the pain â„ž album ovorum an iii. pulboli armeni A repercussive medicine sanguinis dracon an â„¥ iii. olei ros â„¥ i. pilorum leporinorum quantum sufficit make a medicine of the consistence of honey CHAP. XLIV How to lay the patient after the stone is taken away ALl things which wee have recited beeing faithfully and diligently performed the patient shall be placed in his bed laying under him as it were a pillow filled with bran or oat chaff to drink up the urine which floweth from him You must have divers of these pillows Remedies for the Cod least it gangrenate that thay may bee changed as need shall require Somtimes after the drawing forth of the stone the blood in great quantity falleth into the Cod which unless you bee careful to provide against with discussing drying and consumeing medicines it is to bee feared that it may gangrenate Wherefore if anie accident happen in cureing these kinde of wounds you must diligently withstand them After som few daies a warm injection shall bee cast into the bladder by the wound consisting of the waters of plantain night shade and roses with a little syrup of dried roses It will help to temper the heat of the bladder caused both by the wound contusion as also by the violent thrusting in of the instruments Also it somtimes happen's that after the drawing forth of the stone clots of blood and other impuritie may fall into the urinarie passage and so stop the urine that it cannot flow forth Therefore you must in like sort put a hollow probe for som dais into the urethra that keeping the passage open all the grosser filth may flow out together with the urine CHAP. XLV How to cure the wound made by the incision What things hasten the union YOu must cure this wound after the manner of other bloodie wounds to wit by agglutination and cicatrization the filth or such things as may hinder beeing taken away by detergent medicines The patient shall hasten the agglutination if hee lie cross-legged keep a slender diet untill the seventh or ninth day bee past Hee must wholly abstain from wine unless it bee verse weak in stead thereof let him use a decoction of barly and licorish or mead or water and suger or boiled water mixed with syrrups of dried roses maidenhair and the like Let his meat bee panado raisons stewed prunes chickens boiled with the cold seeds purslain sorrel borage spinage and the like If hee bee bound in his belly a Physician shall bee called who may help it by appointing either Cassia a glyster or som other kinde of medicines as hee shall think good CHAP. LVI What cure is to bee used to Vlcers when as the urine flow's through them long after the stone is drawn out MAnie after the stone is drawn out cannot have the ulcer consolidated therefore the urine flow's out this way continually by little and little and against the patient's wil dureing the rest of his life unless the Surgeon help it How to make a fresh wound of an old ulcer Therefore the callous lips of the wound must bee amputated so to make a green wound of an old ulcer then must they bee tied up bound with the instrument wee term a Retinaculum or stay this must bee perforated with three holes answering to three other on the other side needles shall bee thrust through these holes taking hold of much flesh shall bee knit about it then glutinative medicines shall bee applied such as are Venice Turpentine gum Elemi sanguis draconis bole armenick and the like after five or six daies the needles shall bee taken out and also the stay taken away For then you shall finde the wound almost glewed and there will nothing remain but onely to cicatrize it The figure of a Retinaculum or stay A. shew's the greater B. the lesser that you may know that you must use divers according to the different bigness of the wound If a Retinaculum or stay bee wanting you may conjoin the lips of the wound What to do in want of a stay after this following manner Put two quills somwhat longer than the wound on each side one and then presently thrust them through with needles haveing thred in them takeing hold of the flesh between as often as need shall require then tying the thred upon them For thus the wound shall bee agglutinated and the fleshie lips of the wound kept from beeing torn which would bee in danger if the needle and thred were onely used CHAP. LVII How to take stones out of women's bladders WE know by the same signs that the stone is in a woman's bladder as wee do in a man's yet it is far more easily searched by a Catheter How to search for the stone in women for that the neck of the bladder is the shorter broader and the more straight Wherefore it may not onely bee found by a Catheter put into the bladder but also by the fingers thrust into the neck of the womb turning them up towards the inner side of the Os pubis and placeing the sick woman in the same posture as wee mentioned in the cure of men Yet you must observ that maids yonger then seven yeers old that are troubled with the stone cannot bee searched by the neck of the womb without great violence Therefore the stone must bee drawn from them by the same means as from boies to wit by thrusting the fingers into the fundament for thus the stone beeing found out and the lower bellie also pressed with the other hand it must bee brought to the neck of the bladder and then drawn forth by the forementioned means Yet if the riper yeers of the patient permit it to bee don without violence the whole work shall bee more easily and happily performed by putting the
shall lessen the matter of the disease by phlebotomie if that the Gout shall arise from the blood from the opposite part that by the same means revulsion and evacuation may be made Whence blood must be let in the Gout as if the upper parts be inflamed blood shall be drawn from the lower if on the contrary the lower out of the upper alwaies observing the straightness of the fibres Thus the right arm being troubled with a gouty inflammation the Sapheia of the right leg shall be opened and so on the contrary but if this general blood-letting being premised the pain shall not cease it will be requisite to open the vein next to the pain which I have often performed with happy success Yet phlebotomie hath not the like effect in all What gouty persons finde nâ— benefit by phlebotomy for it is not availeable to such as are continually and uncertainly troubled with gouty pains or whose bodies are weak and cold wherein phlegm only is predominant We may say the same of purging for though it be oft-times necessarie yet too frequently re-iterated it proves hurtful furthermore neither of these remedies is usually very profitable to such as observe no order in meat drink which use venerie too intemperately who abound with crude and contumacious humors whose joints by long vexation of the disease have contracted an hectick distemper and weakness so that they are departed from their natural constitution and suffer a great change of their proper substance In what Gout diet proves more effectual then medicines Wherefore as often as these greater remedies shall be used a Physician shall be called who according to his judgment may determine thereof For oft-times diet proveth more available then medicines therefore the patient if the matter of the Gout be hot shall either drink no wine at all or else very much allaied that is as much as his custom and the constitution of his stomach can endure A fit time for purging and bleeding is the Spring and Autumnn because according to the opinion of Hippocrates Aph 55. sect 6. Gouts reign chiefly in these seasons in Autum for that the heat of the precedent Summer debilitateth the digestive faculty the native heat being dissipated as also the eating of summer-fruits hath heaped up plenty of crude humors in the body which easily flow down into the passages of the joints opened and dilated by the Summers heat add hereunto that the inequality or variableness of Autumn weakneth all nervous parts and consequently the joints But in the Spring for that the humors forced inward by the coldness of the Winter are drawn forth from the centre to the circumference of the body and being attenuated fall into the joints upon a very small occasion therefore there is great both necessitie and opportunity for evacuation which if it shall not avert the accustomed fit yet it will make it more gentle and easie CHAP. X. Of Vomiting To what gout vomiting is to be used VOmiting is by all the Antients exceedingly commended not only for the prevention but also for the cure especially when as the matter floweth from the brain and stomach for the phlegmatick serous and cholerick humors which usually flow from the joints are excluded and diverted by vomit and also there is attenuation of that phlegm which being more thick and viscid adhereth to the roots of the stomach yet you must consider and see that the patient be not of too weak a stomach and brain for in this case vomiting is to be suspected For the time What time the fittest therefore such as have excrementitious humors flowing down to the stomach through any occasion as by exercise and motion must vomit before they eat on the contrary such as are overcharged with an old congestion of humors must vomit after they have eaten something Certainly it is safer vomiting after meat then it is before For the drie stomach cannot unless with great contention and straining free it self from the viscid humors impact in the coats thereof and hence there is no small danger of breaking a vein or arterie in the chest or lungs especially if the patient be straight-chested and long-necked the season cold and he unaccustomed to such evacuation An history I remember that with this kinde of remedy I cured a certain Gentleman of Geneva grievously molested with a cruel pain in his shoulder and thereby impotent to use his left arm the Physicians and Surgeons of Lions seemed to omit nothing else for his cure For they had used purgeing phlebotomie hunger a diet-drink of Guaiacum and China although his disease was not occasioned by the Lues Venerea and divers other topick medicines neither yet did they any thing avail Now lea ning by him that he was not apt to vomit but that it was difficult to him How to make one vomit easily I wished him to feed more plentifully and that of many and sundry meats as fat meats onions leeks with sundry drinks as beer ptisan sweet and sharp wine and that he should as it were over-charge his stomach at his meal and presently after get him to his bed for so it would happen that nature not endureing so great confusion and perturbation of meats and drinks whereof some were corrupted already in the stomach and other-some scarce altered at all nature not enduring this confusion and perturbation would easily and of its own accord provoke the stomach to vomit which that it might the better succeed he should help forward natures endeavor by thrusting his finger or a feather into his throat that so the thick and tenacious phlegm might by the same means be evacuated and not content to do thus once I wished him to do the like the second and third day following Lib. de rat victis for so it verifieth that saying of Hippocrates The second and third day exclude the reliques of the first afterwards that he should vomit twice a month chaw mastick fasting rub his neck and the pained part with aqua vitae strengthened by infusing therein lavander rosemarie and cloves grosly beaten confirm his arm by indifferent exercise he performed all this and so became free from his pain and recovered the use of his arm Those who do not like such plentiful seeding shall drink a great quantity of warm water wherein radish roots have been boiled and they shall have a care least by using their stomachs to this excretion by vomit they weaken the digestive and retentive faculty thereof Wherefore such as can naturally shall think it sufficient to vomit twice a month CHAP. XI The other general remedies for the Gout How diureticks are good for the Gouâ— THe defluxion of serous humors is very fitly diverted from the joints by the urine by the use of diu etick medicines Therefore the roots of sorrel parslie ruscus asparagus and grass and the like shall be boiled in broth and given to such as have the Gout for when
you may also put now and then to the patients nose a nodulus made with a little vineger and water of roses camphire the powder of sanders and other odoriferous things which have a cooling faculty this also will keep the nose from pustles CHAP. III. What parts must be armed against and preserved from the Pox. THe eies nose throat lungs and inward parts ought to be kept freer from the eruption of pustles then the other parts for that their nature and consistence is more obnoxious to the malignity of this virulency and they are easilyer corrupted and blemished Therefore lest the eyes should be hurt you must defend them when you first begin to suspect the disease How to defend the eyes with the eie-lids also moistning them with rose-water verjuce or vineger and a little camphire There are some also who for this purpose make a decoction of Sumach berberie-seeds pomgranate-pills aloes and a little saffron the juice of sowr pomgranates and the water of the whites of eggs dropped in with rose-water are good for the same purpose also womens milk mixed with rose-water and often renewed and lastly all such things as have a repercussive quality Yet if the eies be much swoln and red you shall not use repercussives alone When the eyes must not be defended by repercussives onely but mix therewith discussers and cleansers such as are fit by a familiarity of nature to strengthen the sight and let these be tempered with some fennel or eie-bright water Then the patient shall not look upon the light or red things for fear of pain and inflammation wherefore in the state of the disease when the pain and inflamation of the eyes are at their height gently drying and discussive things properly conduceing to the eyes are most convenient as washed aloes tutty and Antimony in the water of fennel eie-bright and roses The formerly mentioned nodulus will preserve the nose and linnen clothes dipped in the fore-said astringent decoction put in the nostrils and outwardly applied How to defend the nose We shall defend the jaws throat and throtle and preserve the integrity of the voice by a gargle of oxycrate or the juice of sowr pomgranates holding also the grains of them in their mouths How the mouth How the lungs and often rouling them up and down therein as also by nodulaes of the seeds of psilium quinces and the like cold and astringent things We must provide for the lungs and respiration by syrups of jujubes violets roses white poppies pomgranates water-lillies and the like Now when as the Pox are throughly come forth then may you permit the patient to use somewhat a freer diet and you must wholly busie your self in ripening and evacuating the matter drying and sâ—aling them But for the Meazles they are cured by resolution onely and not by suppuration the Pox may be ripened by anointing them with fresh butter by fomenting them with a decoction of the roots of mallows lillies figs line-seeds and the like After they are ripe they shall have their heads clipped off with a pair of scissers or else be opened with a golden or silver-needle How to prevent pock-arrs lest the matter contained in them should corrode the flesh that lies thereunder and after the cure leave the prints or pock-holes behinde it which would cause some deformity the pus or matter being evacuated they shall be dried up with unguent rosat adding thereto ceruss lithrarge aloes and a little saffron in powder for these have not onely a faculty to dry but also to regenerate flesh for the same purpose the flowr of barly and lupines are dissolved mixed with rose-water and the affected parts annointed therewith with a fine linnen rag some annoint them with the sward of bacon boiled in water and wine then presently strow upon them the flower of barly or lupines or both of them Others mix crude hony newly taken from the comb with barly-flower and therewithall annoint the pustles so to dry them being dried up like a scurse or scab they annoint them with oil of roses violets almonds or else with some cream that they may the sooner fall away the pustles being broken tedious itchings sollicit the patients to scratch Remedies for excoriation whence happens excoriation and filthy ulcers for scratching is the occasion of greater attraction Wherefore you shall binde â—he sick childes hands and foment the itching parts with a decoction of marsh-mallows barly and lupines with the addition of some salt But if it be already excoriated then shall you heal it with unguent album comphorat adding thereto a little powder of aloes or Cinnabaâ—is or a little desiâ—catâ—vum rubrum But if notwithstanding all your application of repelling medicines pustles nevertheless break forth at the eyes then must they be diligently cured with all manner of collyria haveing a care that the inflammation of that part grow not to that bigness as to break the eyes and that which sometimes happens to drive them forth of their proper orbs If any crusty ulcers arise in the nostrils they may be dried and caused to fall away by putting up of ointments Such as arise in the mouth palate and throat with horsness and difficulty of swallowing may be helped by gargarisms made with barly-water the waters of plantain and chervil with some syrup of roses or Diamoron dissolved therein the patient shall hold in his mouth sugar of roses or the tablets of Elect. diatragacanth frigid The Pock-arrs left in the face For the ulcers of the mouth and jaws if they bunch out undecently shall be clipped away with a pair of scissers and then annointed with fresh unguent citrin or else with this liniment â„ž amyli triticei amygdalarum excorticarum an Ê’iss gum tragacanth Ê’ss seminis melonum fabarum siccaram excorticat farniae hordei an â„¥ iiii To help the unsightly scarâ— of the face Let them all be made into fine powder and then incorporated with rose-water and so make a liniment wherewith annoint the face with a feather let it be wiped away in the morning washing the face with some water and wheat-bran hereto also conduceth lac virginale Goose ducks and capons grease are good to smooth the roughness of the skin as also of oil of lillies hares-blood of one newly killed and hot is good to fill and plain as also whiten the pock-holes if they be often rubbed therewith In stead hereof many use the sward of Bacon rubbed warm thereon also the distilled waters of bean flowers lillie-lillie-roots reed-roots egge-shels and oil of eggs are though very prevalent to waste and smooth the Pock-arrs A Discourse of certain monstrous creatures which breed against nature in the bodies of men women and little children which may serve as an induction to the ensuing discourse of worms A comparison between the bigger and lesser world The anergation of winde in mans body Of water As in the macrocosmos or bigger world so in
thereof taken inwardly is very effectual in this case as Aetius affirms To the same purpose you may with good success make a lotion and friction with mustard dissolved in urine or vinegar leaving upon the wound a double cloth moistened in the same decoction lastly all acrid biting and very attractive medicines are convenient in this case Wherefore some apply rocket boiled and beaten with butter and salt others take the flower of Orobus and temper it with hony salt and vinegar and apply it hot Hors-dung boiled in sharp vinegar or brimstone beaten to powder and tempered with ones spittle is good Also black pitch melted with some salt and a little Euphorbium mixed therewith and so applied is good Some write that the hairs of the dog whose bite caused the madness applied by themselves by their sympathy or similitude of substance draw the venom from within outwards for so a Scorpion beaten and applied to the place whereas it stung by drawing out the poison that it sent in restores the patient to health both these by often experience are affirmed to have certain event Others chaw unground wheat and lay it upon the wound others rost beans under hot embers then husk them and cleave them and so apply them The force of Docks Also the wound may be wholsomly washed and fomented with a decoction of Docks and then the herb beaten may be applied thereto also the patient may drink the decoction and by this one remedy Aetius affirms that he hath recovered divers for thus it moves urine plentifully which is thought much to conduce to the cure of this disease There be some who apply the leaves of betony and nettles beaten with common salt others make a medicine to the same purpose and after the same manner of an Onion the leaves of rue and salt Yet the rest are exceeded by treacle dissolved in aqua vitae or strong wine and rubbed hard upon the part so that the blood may follow laying upon the wound when you have wiped it cloths dipped in the same medicine then presently apply garlick or onions beaten with common salt and turpentine by this only remedy I freed one of the daughters of Madamoisella de Gron from the symptoms of madness An history and healed the wound when as a mad dog had bit her grievously in the calf of the right leg Also it is good presently to eat garlick with bread and then to drink after it a draught of good wine for garlick by its spirituous heat will defend the noble parts from poison There be some who wish to eat the rosted liver of the dog that hurt them or else the liver of a goat of which remedies as yet I have had no experience Others prescribe a dram of the seeds of Agnus castus to be drunk with wine and butter Others the powder of river-crabs burnt and drunk in wine Or â„ž rad gent. Ê’ii astacorum fluviat in fumo combust in pollinem redact Ê’iii terrae sigil â„¥ ss misce Give Ê’i of this same powder in the decoction of river-crabs and let them drink thereof oft at sundry times Many have cast themselves into the sea neither have they thence had any help against madness as Ferrand Pozet the Cardinal testifieth in his book of poisons Leaping into the sea no certain remedy against madness wherefore you must not rely upon that remedy but rather you must have recourse to such things as are set in the books of Physicians and approved by certain and manifold experience But seeing that no poison can kill unless it be taken or admitted into the body we must not fear any harm by sprinkling our bodies with the sanies of a mad dog viper toad or any other such like venemous creature if so be that it be presently wiped or washed clean away CHAP. XV. What cure must be used to such as fear the water but yet are able to know themselves in a glass SUch as have not their animal faculty as yet orecome by the malignity of the rageing venom must have strong purgations given them Wherefore if in any case Antimony be useful The force of Antimony against madness then is it in this as that which causeth sweats looseth the belly and procures vomiting For it is a part of extreme and dangerous madness to hope to overcome the cruel malignity of this poison already admitted into the bowels by gentle purging medicines Assuredly such and so great danger is never overcome without danger Baths also conduce which may disperse and draw forth the poison by causing sweats Also many and frequent treacle-potions are good to retund the venom and strengthen the bowels also it will be fitting to give them water and all other liquid things which they so much abhor in a cup with a cover Alwaies let such as are poisoned or stung or bitten by a mad dog or other venomous beast keep themselves in some warm and light place that the poison which by coldness is forced in may be the readil yet drawn out by the means of heat and the spirits be recreated by the brightness of the air and therefore move from the center to the circumference of the body and let the room be perfumed with sweet things To eat very hot and salt things presently at the beginning as onions leeks all spiced meats and strong wine not allaied seem not to be besides reason because such things by their spirituous heat hinder the diffusion of the poison over the body and strengthen the filled entrails There be some also that would have them to feed upon gross and viscous meats which by obstructing the vessels may hinder the passage of the poison to the heart and other parts and by the same reason it will be better to fill themselves with meat to satiety then otherwise because the malignity of humors is encreased by hunger then which nothing can be more harmful to venomous wounds Yet within a short while after as within five or six daies they must return to a mediocrity and use all things temperate boiled meats rather then rosted and that in a decoction of opening things so to move urine Lastly they must keep such a diet as melancholick persons ought to do neither shall they let blood left so the poison should be further drawn into the veins but it is good that the patients body be soluble from the very first Let their drink be wine indifferently allaied with water oxymel simplex or the syrup of the juice of Citron with boiled water or else this following Julip â„ž succi limonum malorum citri an â„¥ ss suc gran acid â„¥ ii aquae acetosae min ros an â„¥ i. aq font coct quantum sufficit fiat Julep ut artis est Why sleep is hurtful to such as are bitten by a mad dog and all such as are poisoned Sleep is to be avoided untill the force of the poison is abated for by sleep the humors flow back
it is written by Aelian and Nicander CHAP. XXXI Of the Draco-marinus or sea-Dragon THe sea-Dragon called by the French viva for his vivacity and by the English a Viver or as some say a Qua-viver because being taken in fishing and drawn out of the sea she is said long to survive Her pricks are poisonous but chiefly those that are at the edges of her gills Which is the reason that Cooks cut off their heads before they serve them up to the table and at Roven the fishermen lay them not upon their stalls to sell before they have cut off their head The wounded part of such as are hurt pains them much with inaflmmation Symptoms a fever swouning gangrene and deadly mortification unless it be quickly withstood Not very long ago the wife of Mounsieur Fromaget Secretary of the requests An history was wounded with a prick of this fish in her middle finger there followed a swelling and redness of the part without much pain but perceiving the swelling to encrease being made more wary by the mischance of her neighbor the wife of Mounsieur Bargelonne Lieutenant particular in the Chastelet of Paris who died not long before by the like accident being neglected sent for me I understanding the cause of her disease laid to her pained finger and her whole hand besides a pultis made of a great Onion rosted under the coles leaven and a little treacle The next day I wished her to dip her whole hand into warm water so to draw forth the poison then I divided the skin about it with much scarification but only superficiarily to the gashes I applied Leeches which by sucking drawing a sufficient quantity of blood I put thereto treacle dissolved in aqua vitae The cure The next day the swelling was asswaged and the pain eased and within a few daies she was perfectly well Dioscorides writes that this fish divided in the midst and applied to the wound will cure it CHAP. XXXII Of the Paffinaca marina or Sting-Ray which some call the Fierce-claw The symptoms SUch as are stung by a Sting-Ray as Aetius hath written the place of the wound doth manifestly appear there ensues thereon lasting pain and the numness of the whole body And seeing that it hath a sharp and firm sting whereby the nerves by the deepness of the stroke may be wounded it so happens that some die forthwith their whole bodies suffering convulsions Lib. 9. cap. 48. Moreover it will kill even the very trees into whose roots it is fastned Yet Pliny affirms that it is good against the pain of the teeth if the gums be scarified therewith yea and it being made into powder with white Hellebore or of it self will cause teeth to fall out without any pain or any violence offered to them This fish is good meat the head and tail excepted some of them have two stings other-some but one these stings are sharp like a saw with the teeth turned towards their heads The virulency of her sting Oppianns writes that their stings are more poisonous then the Persians arrows for the force of the poison remaineth the fish being dead which will kill not only living creatures but plants also Fisher-men when they catch this fish presently spoil him of his sting lest they should be hurt therewith But if by chance they be hurt therewith then take they forth his liver and lay it to the wound furthermore the fish being burnt and made into powder is the true Antidote of his wound The Sting-Ray lives in muddy places near the shoar upon the fishes that he hunteth and catcheth with his sting having the teeth thereof turned towards his head for the same purpose He is not unlike a Ray and I have here given you his figure The figure of a Sting-Ray CHAP. XXXIII Of the Lepus Marinus or Sea-hare The description of the Sea-hare PLiny calls the Sea-hare a mass or deformed piece of flesh Galen saith it is like a Snail taken forth of the shell It is exceedingly poisonous in the judgment of the Antients wherefore it is not amiss to set down the description of it lest we might eat it at unawares too earnestly view it or smell thereto as also that we may use it against the poison thereof it is an inhabitant not only of the sea but also of lakes of sea-water especially such as are muddy it is of the same colour as the hair of the land-hare is it hath a hole in the head out of which he putteth a certain piece of flesh The earnest beholding of a Sea-hare will cause abortion and plucks it back again when as he is seen Paulus Aetius Pliny Galen and Nicander are of one opinion and agree in this that if a woman big with child do too earnestly look upon one she will vomit and presently after abort They which have drunk this poison saith Dioscorides are troubled with pain in the belly and their urine is stopped If they do make water then is it bloody they run down with stinking sweat which smells of fish a cholerick vomiting sometimes mixed with blood ensues thereon The symptoms Aetius writes that all their bodies turn yellow their faces swell and their feet but chiefly their genital member which is the cause they cannot make water freely Galen writes that it is the property of the Sea-hare to exulcerate the lungs The antidote Their antidote is Asses-milk muskadine or honied-wine continually drunken or a decoction of the roots and leavs of Mallows It is good for the falling away of the hair I have here given you the figure thereof out of Rendeletius his book of Fishes The figure of a Sea-Hare CHAP. XXXIV Of the poyson of Cats NOt only the brain of a Cat being eaten is poysonous and deadly to man A Cats hair most subject to choak but also their hair their breath yea and their very presence to some prove deadly For although any hair devoured unawares may be enough to choak one by stopping the instruments or respiration yet the hairs of a Cat by a certain occult property are judged most dangerous in this case besides also their breath is infected with a certain hurtful malignity For Matthiolus saith that he knew some who being so delighted with Cats that they would never go to bed without them have by so often drawing in the air with their breath The breath of a Cat most hurtful to the lungs fallen into a consumption of the lungs which occasioned their death Moreover it is manifest that the very sight of their eies is hurtful which appears by this that some but seeing or hearing them presently fall down in a swound yet I would not judge that to happen by the malicious virulency of the Cat but also by the peculiar nature of the party and a quality generated with him and sent from heaven When as saith Matthiolus a certain German in winter-time An history came with us
thin and serous although the pestilence doth not alwaies necessarily arise from hence but some-whiles some other kind of cruel and infectious disease How the air may be corrupted But neither is the air only corrupted by these superiour causes but also by putrid and filthy stinking vapors spread abroad through the air encompassing us from the bodies and carkasses of things not buried gapings and hollownesses of the earth or sinks and such like places being opened for the sea often overflowing the land in some places and leaving in the mud or hollownesses of the earth caused by earth-quakes the huge bodies of monstrous fishes which it hides in its waters hath given both the occasion and matter of a plague For thus in out time a Whale cast upon the Tuscan shore presently caused a plague over all that country But as fishes infect and breed a plague in the air so the air being corrupted often causeth a pestilence in the sea among fishes especially when they either swim on the top of the water or are infected by the pestilent vapors of the earth lying under them and rising into the air through the body of the water the later whereof Aristotle saith hapneth but seldom Lib. 8. hist â—nim But it often chanceth that the plague raging in any country many fishes are cast upon the coast and may be seen lying on great heaps But sulphureous vapors or such as partake of any other malign qualiy sent forth from places under ground by gapings and gulfs opened by earth-quakes not only corrupt the air but also infect and raint the seeds plants and all the fruites which we eat and so transfer the pestilent corruption into us and those beasts on which we feed together with our norishment The truth whereof Empedocles made manifest who by shutting up a great gulf of the earth opened in a valley between two mountains freed all Sicily from a plague caused from thence If winds rising suddenly shall drive such filthy exhalations from those regions in which they were pestiferous into other places they also will carry the plague with them thither If it be thus some will say it should seem that wheresoever stinking and putrid exhalations arise as about standing-pools sinks and shambles there should the plague reign and straight suffocate with its noysom poyson the people which work in such places but experience finds this false We do answer that the Putrefaction of the Plague is far different Pestiferous putrefaction is far different from ordinary putrefaction and of another kinde then this common as that which partakes of a certain secret malignity and wholly contrary to our lives and of which we cannot easily give a plain and manifest reason Yet that vulgar putrefaction wheresoever it doth easily and quickly entertain and welcome the pestiferous contagion as often as and whensoever it comes as joyned to it by a certain familiarity and at length it self degenerating into a pestiferous malignity certainly no otherwise then those diseases which arise in the plague-time the putrid diseases in our bodies which at the first wanted viâ—ulency and contagion as Ulcers putrid Fevers and other such diseases In a pestilent constitution of the air all diseases become pestilent Lib. 1. de differâ— fâ—b raised by the peculiar default of the humors easily degenerate into pestilence presently receiving the tainture of the plague to which they had before a certain preparation Wherefore in time of the Plague I would advise all men to shun such exceeding stinking places as they would the plague it self that there may be no preparation in our bodies or humors to catch that infection without which as Galen teacheth the Agent hath no power over the Subject for otherwise in a plague-time the sickness would equally seize upon all so that the impression of the pestiferous quality may presently follow that disposition But when we say the air is pestilent we do not understand that sincere elementary How the air may be said to putrefie and simple as it is of its own nature for such is not subject to putrefaction but that which is polluted with ill vapors rising from the earth standing-waters vaults or sea and degenerates and is changed from its native purity and simplicity But certainly amongst all the constitutions of the air fit to receive a pestilent corruption here is none more fit then an hot moist and still season for the excess of such qualities easily causeth putrefaction Wherefore the south winde reigning A Southerly constitution of the air is the fuel of the Plague which is hot and moist and principally in places near the sea there flesh cannot long be kept but it presently is tainted and corrupted Further we must know that the pestilent malignity which riseth from the carkasses or bodies of men is more easily communicated to men that which riseth from oxen to oxen and that which comes from sheep to sheep by a certain sympathy and familiarity of Nature no otherwise then the Plague which shall seize upon some one in a Family doth presently spread more quickly amongst the rest of the Family by reason of the similitude of temper then amongst others of an other Family disagreeing in their whole temper Therefore the air thus altered and estranged from its goodness of nature necessarily drawn in by inspiration and transpiration brings in the seeds of the Plague and so consequently the Plague it self into bodies prepared and made ready to receive it CHAP. IV. Of the preparation of humors to putrefaction and admission of pestiferous impressions HAving shewed the causes from which the air doth putrefie become corrupt and is made partaker of a pestilent and poysonous constitution we must now declare what things may cause the humors to putrefie and make them so apt to receive and retain the pestilent air and venenate quality Humors putrefie either from fulness which breeds obstruction or by distemperate excess Three causes of the putrefaction of humors or lastly by admixture of corrupt matter evil juice which ill feeding doth specially cause to abound in the body For the Plague often follows the drinking of dead and mustie wines muddy and standing waters which receive the sinks and filth of a City and fruits and pulse eaten without discretion in scarcity of other corn as Pease Beans Lentils Vetches Acrons the roots of Fern and Grass made into Bread For such meats obstruct heap up ill humors in the body and weaken the strength of the faculties from whence proceeds a putrefaction of humors and in that putrefaction a preparation and disposition to receive conceive and bring forth the seeds of the Plague which the filthy scabs malign sores rebellious ulcers putrid fevers being all fore-runners of greater putrefaction and corruption Passions of the minde help forward the Putrefaction of the humors do testifie Vehement passions of the minde as anger sorrow grief vexation and fear help forward this corruption of humors all which
garlick have not their heads troubled Garlick good against the Plague nor their inward parts inflamed as Country-People and such as are used to it to such there can be no more certain preservative and Antidote against the pestiferous fogs or mists and the nocturnal obscurity then to take it in the morning with a draught of good wine for it being abundantly diffused presently over all the body fills up the passages thereof and strengthneth it in a moment For water if the Plague proceed from the tainture of the Air we must wholly shun and avoid Rain-water What water to be made choice of in the plague-time because it cannot but be infected by the contagion of the Air. Wherefore the water of Springs and of the deepest Wells are thought best But if the malignity proceed from the vapors contained in the Earth you must make choice of Rain-water Yet it is more safe to digest every sort of water by boyling it and to prefer that water before other which is pure and clear to the sight and without either taste or smell and which besides suddenly takes the extremest mutation of heat and cold CHAP. VII Of the Cordial Remedies by which we may preserve our Bodies in fear of the Plague and cure those already infected therewith SUch as cannot eat without much labour exercise and hunger and who are no lovers of Break-fasts having evacuated their excrements before they go from home must strengthen the heart with some Antidote against the virulency of the infection Amongst which Aqua Theriacalis Aqua Theriacalis good against the Plague both inwardly taken and outwardly applied or Treacle-water two ounces with the like quantity of Sack is much commended being drunk and rubbing the Nostrils Mouth and Ears with the same for the Treacle-water strengthens the heart expells poyson and is not only good for a preservative but also to cure the disease it self For by sweat it drives forth the poyson contained within It should be made in June at which time all simple medicines by the vital heat of the Sun ate in their greatest efficacy The composition thereof The composition whereof is thus Take the roots of Gentian Ciperus Tormentil Diptam or Fraxella Elecampane of each one ounce the leaves of Mullet Carduus Benedictus Divels-bit Burnet Scabious Sheeps-sorrel of each half a handful of the tops of Rue a little quantity of Mittle-berries one ounce of red Rose-leaves the flowers of Bugloss Borage and S. Johns wott of each one ounce let them be all cleansed dried and maceâ—ated for the space of twenty-four hours in one pound of white wine or Malmsie and of Rose-water or Sorrel-water then let them be put in a vessel of glass and add thereto of Treacle and Mithridate of each four ounces then distill them in Balneo Mariae and let the distilled water be received in a Glass-Viol and let there be added thereto of Saffron two drams of Bole-Armenick Terra Sigillata yellow Sanders shavings of Ivory and Harts-horn of each half an ounce then let the glass be well stopped and set in the Sun for the space of eight or ten dayes Let the prescribed quantity be taken every morning so oft as shall be needful It may be given without hurt to sucking children and to Women great with childe But that it may be the more pleasant it must be strained through an Hippocras-bag adding thereto some sugar and cinnamon Some think themselves sufficiently defended with a root of Elecampane Zedoary or Angelica rowled in their mouth or chawed between their teeth Others drink every morning one dram of the root of Gentian bruised being macerated for the space of one night in two ounces of white wine Others take Worm-wood-wine Others sup in a rare egg one dram of Terra Sigillata or of Harts-horn with a little Saffron and drink two ounces of wine after it There be some that do infuse Bole-Armenick the roots of Gentian Tormentil Diptam the berries af Juniper Cloves Mace Cinnamon Saffron and such like in aqua vitae and strong white wine and so distill it in Balneo Mariae This Cordial water that followeth is of great vertue A cordial water Take of the roots of the long and round Aristolechia Tormentil Diptam of each three drams of Zedoary two drams Lignum Aloes yellow Sanders of each one dram of the leaves of Scordium St. Johns-wort Sorrel Rue Sage of each half an ounce of Bay and Juniper-berries of each three drams Citron-feeds one Dram Cloves Macc Nutmegs of each two drams of Mastich Olibanum Bole-Armenick Terra Sitillata shavings of Harts horn and Ivory of each one ounce of Saffron one scruple of the Conserves of Roses Bugloss-flowers water-lillies and old Treacle of each one ounce of Champhire half a dram of aqua vitae half a pinte of white wine two pints and a half make thereof a dissillation in Balneo Mariae The use of this distilled water is even as Treacle water is The Eâ—ectuary following is very effectual Take of the best Treacle three ounces A Cordial Electuary Juniper-berries and Carduus-seeds of each one dram and a half of Bole-Armenick prepared half an ounce of the powder of the Electuary de Gemmis and Diamargariton frigidum the powder of Harts-horn and red Coral of each one dram mix them with the syrup of the rindes and juice of Pome-Citrons as much as shall suffice and make thereof a liquid Electuary in the form of an Opiate let them take every morning the quantity of a Filberd drinking after it two drams of the water of Scabious Cherries Carduus Benedictus and of some such like cordial thing or of strong wine The following Opiate is also very profitable which also may be made into tablets An Opiate Take of the roots of Angelica Gentian Zedoary Elecampane of two drams of Citron and Sorrel-seeds of each half a dram of the dried rindes of Citrons Cinnamon Bay and Juniper-berties and Saffron of each one scruple of conserve of Roses and Bugloss of each one ounce and fine hard Sugar as much as is sufficient make thereof Tablets of the weight of half a dram let him take one of them two hours before meat or make thereof a Opiate with equal parts of conserves of Bugloss and Mel Anthosatum and so adding all the rest drie and in powder Another Or take of the roots of Valerian Tormentil Diptam of the leaves of Rue of each half an ounce of saffron Mace Nutmegs of each half a dram of Bole-Armenick prepared halfe an ounce of conserve of Roses and syrup of Lemmons as much as will be sufficient to make thereof an Opiate liquid enough Another Or take of the roots of both the Aristolochiaes of Gentian Tormentil Diptam of each one dram and a half of Ginger three drams of the leaves of Rue Sage Mints and Penny-royal of each two drams of Bay and Juniper-berries Citron-seeds of each four scruples of Mace Nutmegs Cloves Cinnamon of
each two drams of Lignum aloes and yellow Sanders of each one dram of Male-Frankincense i. Olibanum Mastich shavings of Harts-Horn and Ivory of each two scruples of Saffron half a dram of Bole-Armenick Terra Sigillata red Coral Pearl of each one dram of conserves of Roses Bugloss-flowers water-lillies and old Treacle of each one ounce of Loaf-sugar one pound and a quarter a little before the end of the making it up add two drams of Confectio Alkermes and of Camphire dissolved in Rose water one scruple make thereof an Opiare according to Art the dose thereof is from half a dram to half a scruple Treacle and Mithridate faithfully compounded excell all Cordial medicines adding for every half ounce of them one ounce and an half of Conserves of Roses or of Bugloss or of Violets and three drams of Bole-Armenick prepared Of these being mixt with stirring and incorporated together make a conserve it must be taken in the morning the quantity of a Filberd You must â—huse that treacle that is not less then fower years old nor above twelve that which is somewhat â—ew is judged to be most meet for cholerick persons but that which is old for flegmatick and old men For at the beginning the strength of the Opium that enters into the composition thereof remains in its full vertue for a year but afterwards the more years old it waxeth the strength thereof is more abolished so that at length the whole composition becometh very hot The confection of Alkermes is very effectual both for a preservative against this disease and also for the cure The quantity of a Filberd of Rubard with one Clove chawed or rowled in the mouth is supposed to repell the coming of the pestilent Air as also this composition following A Confection to be taken in the morning against the pestilent Air. Take of preserved Citron and Orange pils of each one dram of conserve of Roses and of the roots of Bugloss of each three drams of Citron-seeds half an ounce of Annise-seeds and Fennel-seeds of each one dram of Angelica-Roots four scruples sugar of Roses as much as sufficeth Make a confection and cover it with leaves of Gold to take a little of it upon a spoon before you to abroad every morning Or take of Pine-apple-kernels and Fistick-nuts A March-pans infused for the space of six hours in the water of Scabions and Roses of each two ounces of Almonds blanched in the fore-named waters half a pound of preserved Citron and Orange pills of each one dram and an half of angelica-Angelica-roots four scruples make them according to art unto the form of March-pane or of any other such like confection and hold a little piece thereof often in your mouth The Tablets following are most effectual in such a case Take of the roots of Diptam Tormentil Valerian Elecampane Eringoes of each half a dram of Bole-Armenck Terra Sigillata of each one scruple of Camphire Cinnamon Sorrel-Seeds and Zedoary of each one scruple of the species of the electuary Diamargariton frigidum two scruples of conserve of Roses Bugloss preserved-Citton-pills Mithridate Treacle of each one dram of fine Sugar dissolved in Scabions and Carduus-water as much as shall suffice Make thereof Tablets of the weight of a dram or half a dram take them in the morning before you eat Pills of Ruffus The pills of Ruffus are accounted most effectual preservatives so that Ruffus himself saith that he never knew any to be infected that used them the composition of them is thus Take of the best Aloes half a dram of Gum-Ammoniacum two drams of Myrrh two drams and an half of Mastich two drams of Saffron seven grains put them all together and incorporate them with the juice of Citrons or the syrup of Limons and make thereof a mass and let it be kept in leather Let the patient take the weight of half a dram every morning two or three hours before meat and let him drink the water of Sorrel after it which through its tartness and the thinness of its parts doth infringe the force and power of the malignity or putrefaction For experience hath taught us that Sorrel being eaten or chawed in the mouth doth make the pricking of Scorpions unhurtful And for those ingredients which do enter into the composition of those pills Aloes doth clense and purge Myrrh resists putrefaction Mastich strengthens Saffron exhilerates and makes lively the spirits that govern the body especially the vital and animal Other pills Those pils that follow are also much approved Take of Aloes one ounce of Myrrh half an ounce of Saffron one scruple of Agarick in Trochisces two drams of Rubarb in powder one dram of Cinnamon two scruples of Mastich one dram and a half of Citron-seeds twelve grains powder them all as is requisite and make thereof a mass with the syrup of Maiden-hair let it be used as aforesaid If the mass begin to wax hard the pills that must presently be taken must be mollified with the syrup of Limons Other pills Take of washed Aloes two ounces of Saffron one dram of Myrrh half an ounce of Ammoniacum dissolved in white wine one ounce of hony of Roses Zedoary red Sanders of each one dram of Bole-Armenick prepared two drams of red coral half an ounce of Camphiâ—e half a scruple make thereof pills according to art But those that are subject or apt to the hoemorrhoids ought not at all or very seldom to use those kinds of pills that do receive much Aloes They say that King Mithridates affirmed by his own writing that whosoever took the quantity of an hasel-nut of the preservative following and drank a little wine after it should be free from poyson that day Take two Wall-nuts those that be very dry two Figs twenty leaves of Rue and three grains of Salt beat them and incorporate them together and let them be used as is aforesaid This remedy is also said to be profitable for those that are bitten or stung by some venomous beast and for this only because it hath Rue in the composition thereof But you must forbid women that are with childe the use of this medicine for Rue is hot and dry in the third degree and therefore it is said to purge the womb and provoke the flowers whereby the nourishment is drawn away from the childe Of such variety of medicines every one may make choice of that is most agreeable to his taste and as much thereof as shall be sufficient CHAP. VIII Of local medicines to be applyed outwardly THose medicines that have proper and excellent vertues against the pestilence are not to be neglected to be applyed outwardly or carryed in the hand And such are all aromatical astringent or spirituous things which therefore are endued with vertue to repel the venomous and pestiferous air from coming and entring into the body and to strengthen the heart and brain Of this kinde are Rue Balm Rosemary Scordium Sage Worm-wood Cloves Nut-megs
Saffron the roots of Angelica and Lovage and such like which must be macerated one night in sharp Vineger and Aqua vitae and then tied in a knot as big as an egg or rather let it be carried in a sponge made wet or soaked in the said infusion For there is nothing that doth sooner and better hold the spirituous virtue and strength of aromatick things then a sponge Wherefore it is of principal use either to keep or hold sweet things to the nose or to apply Epithems and Fomentations to the heart Of what nature the medicines outwardly used ought to be Those sweet things ought to be hot or cold as the season of the year and kinde of the pestilence is As for example in the Summer you ought to infuse and macerate Cinnamon and Cloves beaten together with a little Saffron in equal parts of vineger of Roses and rose-Rose-water into which you must dip a sponge which rowled in a fair linnen cloth you may carry in your hand and often smell to Take of Worm-wood half a handful ten Cloves of the roots of Gentian and Angelica of each two drams of vineger and Rose-water of each two ounces of Treacle and Mithridate of each one dram beat and mix them well all together and let a sponge be dipped therein and used as above said They may also be inclosed in boxes made of sweet wood as of Juniper Cedar or cypress and so carried for the same purpose But there is nothing more easie to be carryed then Pomanders the form of which is thus Take of yellow Sanders Mace Citron-pills Rose and Mirtle-leavs of each two drams of Benzoin Ladanum Storax of each half a dram of Cinnamon and Saffron of each two scruples of Camphire and Amber-Greece of each one scruple of Musk three grains Make thereof a Pomander with Rose-water with the infusion of Tragacanth Or take red-Rose-leavs Pomanders the flowers of Water-lillies and Violets of each one ounce of the three Sanders Coriander-seeds Citron-pills of each half an ounce of Camphire one dram let them all be made into powder and with Water of Roses and Tragacanth make a pomander In the Winter it is to be made thus Take of Storax Benzoin of each one dram and a half of Musk half a scruple of Cloves Lavander and Ciperus of each two drams of the root of Orris i.e. Flower-de-luce and Calamus aromaticus of each two drams and a half of Amber-Greece three drams of Gum-Tragacanth dissolved in Rose-water and aqua vitae as much as shall suffice make thereof a Pomander And for the same purpose you may also use to carry about with you sweet powders Sweet powders made of Amber-Greece Storax Orris Nutmegs Cinnamon Mace Cloves Saffron Benzoin Musk Camphire Roses Violets Juncus odoratus Marjarum and such like of which being mixed together Powders may be compounded and made Take of the roots of Orris two drams of Cyperus Calamus aromatïcus red Roses of each half an ounce of Cloves half a dram of Storax one dram of Musk eight grains mix them and make a powder for a bag or take the roots of Orris two ounces red Rose-leavs white Sanders Storax of each one dram of Cyperus one ounce of Calamus aromaticus one ounce of Marjarum half an ounce of Cloves three drams of Lavander half a dram of Coriander-seeds two drams of good Musk half a Scruple of Ladanum and Benzoin of each a dram of Nutmegs and Cinnamon of each two drams Make thereof a fine powder and sow it in a bag It will be very convenient also to apply to the region of the heart Bags a bag filled with yellow Sanders Mace Cloves Cinnamon Saffron and Treacle shaken together and incorporated and sprinkled over with strong vinegar and Rose-water in Summer and with strong wine and Muskadine in the Winter The sweet Aromatick things that are so full of spirits smelling sweetly and strongly have admirable vertues to strengthen the principal parts of the body and to stir up the expulsive faculty to expel the poyson Contrarywise those that are stinking and unsavory procure a desire to vomit Unsavory things to be eschewed and dissolution of the powers by which it is manifest how foolish and absurd their perswasion is that counsel such as are in a pestilent constitution of the Air to receive and take in the stinking and unsavory vapours of sinks and privies and that especially in the morning But it will not suffice to carry those preservatives alone without the use of any other thing but it will be also very profitable to wash all the whole body in Vinegar of the decoction of Juniper and Bay-berries the Roots of Gentian Marigolds S. Johns-Wort and such like with Treacle or Mithridate also dissolved in it For vinegar is an enemy to all poysons in general whether they be hot or cold for it resisteth and hindereth putrefaction Neither is it to be feared that it should obstruct the pores by reason of its coldness if the body be bathed in it for it is of subtil parts and the spices boiled in it have virtue to open Whosoever accounteth it hurtful to wash his whole body therewith let him wash only his arm-holes the region of his heart his temples groins parts of generation as having great and marvellous sympathy with the principal and noble parts If any mislike bathing let him annoint himself with the following Unguent An Unguent Take oyl of Roses four ounces oyl of Spike two ounces of the powder of Cinnamon and Cloves of each one ounce and a half of Benzoin half an ounce of Musk six grains of Treacle half a dram of Venice-Turpentine one dram and a half of Wax as much as shall suffice make thereof a soft Unguent You may also drop a few drops of oyl of Mastich of Sage or of Cloves and such like into the ears with a little Civet or Musk. CHAP. IX Of other things to be observed for prevention in fear of the Plague VEnery is chiefly to be eschewed for by it the powers are debilitated Why Venery is to be shunned the spirits dissipated and the breathing places of the body diminished and lastly all the strength of nature weakned A sedentary life is to be shunned as also excess in diet for hence proceeds obstruction the corruption of the juices and preparation of the body to putrefaction and the pestilence Women must be very careful that they have their courses duely for stopping besides the custom they easily acquire corruption and draw by contagion the rest of the humors into their society Such as have fistuloes or otherwise old ulcers must not heal them up in a pestilent season Running ulcers good in time of pestilence for it is then more convenient rather to make new ones and these in convenient and declining places that as by these channels the sink of the humors of the body may be emptied The Hemorhoids bleedings and other the like accustomed evacuations must
to overcome the contagion After moderate walking the patient must be put warm to bed and covered with many cloaths and warm brick-bats or tiles applied to the soles of his feet or in stead thereof you may use Swines bladders filled with hot water and apply them to the groins and arm-holes to provoke sweat for sweating in this disease is a most excellent remedy both for to evacuate the humors in the fever and also to drive forth the malignity in the pestilence although every sweat brings not forth the fruit of health For George Agricola saith that he saw a woman at Misnia in Germany that did sweat so for the space of three daies that the blood came forth at her head and brest and yet nevertheless she died A sudorifick potion This potion following will provoke sweat Take the roots of China shaved in thin pieces one ounce and half of Guaicum two ounces of the bark of Tamarisk one ounce of Angelica-roots two drams of the shavings of Harts-horn one ounce of Juniper-berries three drams put them into a viol of glass that will contain six quarts put thereto four quarts of running or river-water that is pure and clear macerate them for the space of one whole night on the ashes and in the morning boil them all in Balneo Mariae untill the half be consumed which will be done in the space of six hours then let them be strained through a bag and then strained again but let that be with six ounces of sugar of Roses and a little Treacle let the patient take eight ounces or fewer of that liquor and it will provoke sweat The powder following is also very profitable Take of the leavs of Dictamnus A sudorifick powder the roots of Tormentil Betony of each half an ounce of Bole-Armenick prepared one ounce of Terra Sigillata three drams of Aloes and Myrrh of each half a dram of Saffron one dram of Mastich two drams powder them all according to art and give one dram thereof dissolved in rose-Rose-water or the water of wilde sorrel and let the patient walk so soon as he hath taken that powder then let him be laid in his bed to sweat as I have shewed before A distilled water against the Plague The water following is greatly commended against poyson Take the roots of Gentian and Cyperus of each three drams of Carduus Benedictus Burnet of each one handful of Sorrel seeds and Devils-bit of each two pugils of Ivy and Juniper-berries of each half an ounce of the flowers of Bugloss Violets and red-Roses of each two pugils powder them somewhat grosly then soak or steep them for a night in white wine and Rose-water then add thereto of Bole-Armenick one ounce of Treacle half an ounce distill them all in Balneo Mariae and keep the distilled liquor in a viol of glass well covered or close stopped for your use let the patient take six ounces thereof with Sugar and a little Cinnamon and Saffron then let him walk and then sweat as is aforesaid the treacle and cordial-water formerly prescribed Another are very profitable for this purpose Also the water following is greatly commended Take of Sorrel six handfuls of Rue one handful dry them and macerate them in vinegar for the space of four and twenty hours adding thereto four ounces of Treacle make thereof a distillation in Balneo Mariae and let the distilled water be kept for your use What means to be used in sweating and so soon as the patient doth think himself to be infected let him take four ounces of that liquor then let him walk and sweat He must leave sweating when he beginneth to wax faint and weak or when the humor that runs down his body begins to wax cold then his body must be wiped with warm cloaths and dried The patient ought not to sweat with a full stomach for so the heat is called away from performing the office of concoction also he must not sleep when he is in his sweat lest the malignity go inwardly with the heat and spirits unto the principal parts but if the patient be much inclined to sleep he must be kept from it with hard rubbing and bands tied about the extreme parts of his body and with much noise of those that are about him and let his friends comfort him with the good hope that they have of his recovery but if all this will not keep him from sleep dissolve Castoreum in tart vinegar and aqua vitae and let it be injected into his nostrils and let him be kept continually waking the first day and on the second and third even unto the fourth that is to say unto the perfect expulsion of the venom and let him not sleep above three or four hours on a day and a night In the mean time leâ— the Physician that shall be present consider all things by his strength for it is to be feared that great watchings will dissolve the strength and make the patient weak you must not let him eat within three hours after his sweating in the mean season as his strength shall require let him take the rinde of a preserved Citron eonserve of Roses bread tosted and steeped in wine the meat of preserved Myrabolane or some such like thing CHAP. XXIII Of Epithemes to be used for the strengthening of the principal parts THere are also some topick medicines to be reckoned amongst Antidotes Whereof they must be made which must be outwardly applyed as speedily as may be as cordial and hepatick Epithems for the safety of the noble parts and strengthening of the faculties as those that drive the venenate air far from the bowels they may be made of cordial things not only hot but also cold that they may temper the heat and more powerfully repercuss They must be applied warm with scarlet or a double linnen cloth or a soft spunge dipped in them if so be that a Carbuncle do not possess the regions of the most noble parts Repercussives not fit to be applied to Carbuncles for it is not fit to use repercussives to a Carbuncle You may make Epithems after the following forms â„ž aquar ros plantag solan an â„¥ iv aquae acetos vini granat aceti an â„¥ iii. santal rub coral rub pulveris an Ê’ iii. theriac vet â„¥ ss camph. ℈ â—i croci ℈ i. carioph Ê’ ss misce fiat epithema Or else â„ž aqu ros plantag an â„¥ x. aceti ros â„¥ iv caryoph sant rub coral rub pulveris pul diamargarit frigid an Ê’ i ss camphurae moschi an ℈ i. fiat epithema Or â„ž aquar rosar melissae an â„¥ iv aceti ros â„¥ iii. sant rub Ê’ i. caryophil Ê’ ss croci ℈ ii camphurae ℈ i. boli arm terra sigil zedoar an Ê’i fiat epithema Or else â„ž aceti ros aquae rosat an lb. ss camphuraeÊ’ ss theriac mithridat an Ê’i fiat epithema Or else aqu rosar nenuph buglos acetosae
the place must be fomented with water and oil mixed together wherein a little Treacle hath been dissolved leaving thereon stupes wet therein you may also use the decoction of Mallows the roots of Lillies Line-seeds Figs with oil of Hypericon to make the skin thin and to draw forth the matter and the day following you must apply the Cataplasm following Take the leaves of Sorrel and Hen-bane rost them under the hot ashes A Cataplasm for a pestilent Carbuncle afterwards beat them with four yelks of eggs two drams of Treacle oil of Lillies three ounces Barly-meal as much as shall suffice make thereof a Cataplasm in the form of a liquid pultis this asswageth heat and furthereth suppuration Or take the roots of Marsh-mallows and Lillies of each four ounces An other line-seeds half an ounce boil them beat them and then strain them through a Serse adding thereto of fresh butter one ounce and an half of Mithridate one dram of Barly-meal as much as shall suffice make thereof a Cataplasm according to art those Cataplasms that follow are most effectual to draw the venomous matter forth and to make a perfect suppuration Other Cataplasms especially when the 〈◊〉 of the matter is not so great but that the part may bear it Take the roots of white Lillies Onions Leaven of each half an ounce Mustard-seeds Pigeons dung Sope of each one dram six Saâ—ilâ— in their shels of fine Sugar Treacle and Mithridate of each half a dram beat them altogether and incorporate them with the yelks of eggs make thereof a Cataplasm and apply it warm Or take the yelks of six eggs of salt powdered one ounce of oil of Lillies and Treacle of each half a dram Barly-meal as much as will suffice make thereof a Cataplasm Take of ordinary Dyachiâ—â— four ounces of Vnguentum Basilicon two ounces oil of Violets half an ounce The effect of Scabious against a pestilent Carbuncle make thereof medicine Many antient Professors greatly commend Scabious ground or brayed between two â—ones mixed with old Hogs grease the yelks of eggs and a little salt for it will cause suppuration iâ— Carbuncles also an egge mixed with Barly-meal and oil of Violets doth mitigate pain and suppurate A Raddâ—sh root draws out the venom powerfully A Raddish-root cut in slices and so the slices laid one after one unto a Carbuncle or pestilent tumor doth mightily draw out the poison The juice of Colts-foot doth extinguish the heat of Carbuncles The herb called Divels-bit being bruised worketh the like effect I have often used the medicine following unto the heat of Carbuncles with very good success it doth also asswage pain and cause suppuration Take of the soot scraped from a chimny four ounces of common salt two ounces beat them into small powder adding thereto the yelks of two eggs and stir them well together untill it come to have the consistence of a pultis and let it be applyed warm unto the Carbuncle In the beginning the point or head of the Carbuncle must be burned if it be black The top of a Carbuncle when why and with what to be burned by dropping thereinto scalding hot oil or aqua fortis for by such a burning the venom is suffocated as touched by lightning and the pain is much lessened as I have proved oftentimes neither is it to be feared lest that this burning should be too painful for it toucheth nothing but the point of the Carbuncle which by reason of the eschar that is there is voâ—â— of sense After this burning you must go forward with the former described medicines untill the Eschar seemeth to separate it self from the flesh round about it which is a token or the patients recovery for it signifieth that nature is strong and able to resist the poyson After the fall of the Eschar you must use gentle mundificatives The falling of Eschar prâ—miseth health as those which we have prescribed â—n a pestilent Bubo not omitting someâ—imes the use of suppurative and mollifying medicines that while the gross matter is cleansed A twofold indication that which is as yet crude may be brought to suppuration for then the indication is twofold the one to suppurate that which remains as yet crude and raw in the part and the other to cleanse that which remains concocted and perfectly digested in the ulcer CHAP. XXXV Of the itching and inflammation happening in pestilent ulcers and how to cicatrize them Why the adjacent parts are troubled with itching THe parts adjoyning to a pestilent Ulcer oft-times are superficiarily excoriated by reason of ulcerous pustles which here and there with burning and great itching prick and vellicate the part The cause may happen either externally or internally internally by a thin and biting sanies which sweating from the Ulcer moistens the neighboring parts But externally by the constipation of the pores of the skin induced by the continual application oâ— medicines To remedy this A fomentation for this itch the place must be fomented with discussing and relaxing things as aqua fortis which the Gold-smiths have used for seperating of metals Alum-water the water of Lime Brine and the like But Ulcers left by Carbuncles and pestilent Buboes are difficultly cicatrized by reason of the corroding sanies Why these Uâ—cers are hard to be cicatrized proceeding from the cholerick or phlegmatick and salt blood which being in fault by the corruption of the whole substance causeth the abscess Besides such Ulcers are commonly round and therefore hard to be cicatrized for that the Quit ture hath no free passage forth so the â—anies of its own nature acrid and corroding doth by delay acquire greater acrimony and introsity so by its burning touch dissolving the adjacent flesh it hinders the conjunction and unition of the lips of the Ulcer but in the interim the lips of the Ulcer become callous which unless they be helped by cutting or eating medicines the Vlcer cannot be heâ—led for that by their denfity they hinder the sweating out of a sufficient quantity of the dewie glue to heal up the Vlcer Now the Vlcer being plained and brought equal to the other flesh Two sorts of Epuloticks we must use Epuloticks that is such things as have a faculty to cicatrize Vlcers by condensing and hardning the surface of the flesh of these there are two kinds for some without much biting bind and dry such are Pomegranat-pills Oak-bark Tutia Litharge burnt bones scales of brass Galls Cypress-nuts Minium Antimony Bole-Armenick the burnt and washed shels of Oâ—sâ—ers Lime nine times washed and many metalline things Others are next to these by which proud flesh is consumed but such must be sparingly used Of this kind is washed Vitriol burnt Alum which excelleth other Epuloticks by reason of the excellent drying and astringent faculty consolidating the flesh which by being moistened by an excrementitious humor grows lank For that the scar which is made is commonly unsightly in
is done for the most part within twenty dales after the birth if the woman be not in danger of a fever nor have any other accident let her enter into a bath made of marjerom mint sage rosemary mugwort agrimony penniroyal the flowrs of camomil melilote dill being boiled in most pure and clear running water All the day following let another such like bath be prepared whereunto let these things following be added â„ž farin fabarum aven an lb iii. farin orobi lupinor gland an lb i. aluminis râ—ch â„¥ iv salis com lb ii gallarum nucum cupressiâ— an â„¥ iii. rosar rub m. vi caryophyl nucum moschat an Ê’iii boil them all in common water then sew them all in a clean linnen cloth as is were in a bag and cast them therein into the bath wherein Iron red hot hath been extinguished and let the woman that hath lately travailed sit down therein so long as she pleaseth and when she commeth out let her be laid warm in bed and let her take some preserved Orange-pill or bread toasted and dipped in Hippocras or in wine brewed with spices and then let her sweat if the sweat will come forth of its own accord A stringent so mentations for the privy parts On the next day let astringent fomentations be applied to the genitals on this wise prepared â„ž gallar nucum cupressi corticum granat an â„¥ i. rosar rub m. i. thymi majotan an m. ss alaminis rochae salis com an Ê’ii boil them all together in red wine and make thereof a decoction for a fomentation A distilled liquor for to draw together the dugs that are loose and slack for the fore-named use The distilled liquor following is very excellent and effectual to confirm and to draw in the dugs or any other loose parts â„ž caryophil nucis moschat nucum cupressi an â„¥ iss mastich â„¥ ii alumin. rech â„¥ iss glandium corticis querni an lb ss rosar rubr m. i. cort granat â„¥ ii terrae sigillat â„¥ i. cornn cervi usti â„¥ ss myrtillor sanguinis dracon an â„¥ i. boli amini â„¥ ii ireos florent â„¥ i. sumach berber Hippuris an m. ss conquassentur omnia macerentur spatio duorum dierum in lb. F. aquae rosarum lb.ii. prunorum syvestr mespilerum pomorum quernorum lb. ss aquae fabrorum aceti denique fortiss â„¥ iv afterward distill it over a gentle fire and keep the distilled liquor for your use wherewith let the parts be fomented twice in a day And after the fomentation let wollen cloaths or stupes of linnen cloth be dipped in the liquor and then pressed out and laid to the place When all these things are done and past the woman may again keep company with her husband CHAP. XXIX What the causes of difficult and painful travail in childe-birth are The causes of the difficult childe-birth that are in the woman that travaileth THe fault dependeth sometimes on the mother and sometimes on the infant or child within the womb On the mother if she be more fat if she be given to gormanoize or great eating if she be too lean or young as Savanarola thinketh her to be that is great with childe at nine years of age or unexpert or more old or weaker then she should be either by nature or by some accident as by diseases that she hath had a little before the time of childe-birth or with a great flux of blood But those that fall in travail before the full and prefixed time are very difficult to deliver because the fruit is yet unripe and not ready or easie to be delivered If the neck or orifice of the womb be narrow either from the first conformation or afterwards by some chance as by an ulcer cicatrized or more hard and callous by reason that it hath been torn before at the birth of some other childe and so cicatrized again so that if the cicatrized place be not cut even in the moment of the deliverance both the childe and the mother will be in danger of death also the rude handling of the midwife may hinder the free deliverance of the childe The passions of the minde binder the birth Oftentimes women are letted in travail by shamefac'tness by reason of the presence of some man or hate to some woman there present If the secundine be pulled away sooner then it is necessary it may cause a great flux of blood to fill the womb so that then it cannot perform his exclusive faculty no otherwise then the bladder when it is distended by reason of over-abundance of water that is therein cannot cast it forth so that there is a stoppage of the urine But the womb is much rather hindred or the faculty of childe-birth is stopped or delayed if together with the stopping of the secundine there be either a Mole or some other body contrary to nature in the womb In the secundines of two women whom I delivered of two children that were dead in their bodies I found a great quantity of sird like unto that which is found about the banks of rivers so that the gravel or sand that was in each secundine was a full pound in weight Also the infant may be the occasion of difficult childe-birth as if too big The causes of d fficult child-birth thâ—t are in the infant if it come overthwart if it come with its face upwards and its buttocks forwards if it come with its feet and hands both forwards at once it it be dead and swoun by reason of corruption if it be monstrous if it have two bodies or two heads if it be manifold or seven-fold as Allucrasis affirmeth he hath seen if there be a mole annexed thereto if it be very weak if when the waters are stowed out it doth not move nor stir or offer its self to come forth Yet notwithstanding it happeneth sometimes that the fault is neither in the mother nor the childe but in the air which being cold The exâ—ernal causes of difficult childe-birth doth so binde congeal and make stiff the genital parts that they cannot be relaxed or being contrariwise too hot it weakneth the woman that is in travail by reason that it wasteth the spirits wherein all the strength consisteth or in the ignorant or unexpert midwife who cannot artificially rule and govern the endeavors of the woman in travail The birth is wont to be easie if it be in the due and prefixed natural time Which is an easie birth What causeth easiness of child-birth if the childe offer himself lustily to come forth with his head forwards presently after the waters are come forth and the mother in like manner luâ—ty and strong those which are wont to be troubled with very difficult childe-birth ought a little before the time of the birth to go into an half-tub filled with the decoction of mollifying roots and seeds to have their genitals womb and neck thereof to be annointed with
gums by the comming forth of the teeth The signes of that pain is an unaccustomed burning or heat of the childes mouth The cause of the pain in breeding teeth The signs which may be perceived by the nurse that giveth it suck a swelling of the gumbs and cheeks and the childes being more way-ward and crying then it was wont and it will put its fingers to its mouth and it will â—ub them on its gums as though it were about to scratch and it slavereth much That the Physiaian may remedy this he must cure the nurse as if she had the fever and she must not suffer the childe to suck so often The cure but make him cool and moist when he thirsteth by giving him at certain times syrupus Alexandrinus syrup de limonibus or the syrup of pomgranats with boyled water yet the childe must not hold those things that are actually cold long in his mouth for such by binding the gums do in some sort stay the teeth that are newly comming forth but things that lenifie and mollifie are rather to be used that is to say such things as do by little and little relax the loose flesh of the gums and also asswage the pain Therefore the Nurse shall oftentimes rub the childes gums with her fingers annointed or besmeared with oil of sweet almonds fresh-butter honie sugar mucilage of the seeds of psilium or of the seeds of marsh-mallows extracted in the water of Pellitorie of the wall Some think that the brain of a hare or of a sucking pig roasted or sodden through a secret property are effectual for the same and on the outside shall be applyed a cataplasm of barlie-meal milk oil of roses and the yelks of eggs Also a stick of liquorice shaven and bruised and annointed with honie or any of the forenamed syrups and often rubbed in the mouth or on the gums is likewise profitable What power scratching of the gums hath to asswage the pain of them so is also any toy for the childe to play withall wherein a wolves tooth is set for this by scratching doth asswage the painfull itching raryfie the gums and in some weareth them that the teeth appear the sooner But manie times it happeneth that all these and such like medicines profit nothing at all by reason of the contumacy of the gums by hardness or the weakness of the childes nature therefore in such a case before the fore named mortal accidents come I would perswade the Chirurgian to open â—he gums in such places as the teeth bunch out with a little swelling with a knife or lancet so breaking and opening a way for them notwithstanding that a little flux of blood will follow by the tention of the gums of which kinde of remedy I have with prosperous and happy success made tryal in some of mine own children in the presence of Feureus Altinus and Cortinus Doctors of Physick and Cuillemeau the Kings Chirurgian which is much better and more safe then to do as some nurses do who taught only by the instinct of nature with their nails and scratching break and tear or rent the childrens gums An historie The Duke of Neves had a son of eight moneths old which died of late and when we with the Physicians that were present diligently sought for the cause of his death we could impute it unto nothing else then to the contumacious hardness of the gums which was greater then was convenient for a childe of that age for therefore the teeth could not break forth not make a passage for themselves to come forth of which our judgment this was the trial that when we cut his gums with a knife we found all his teeth appearing as it were in an arraie redie to come forth which if it had been done when he lived doubtless he might have been preserved The end of the twentie fourth Book THE FIVE and TWENTIETH BOOK Of Monsters and Prodigies THE PREFACE WEe call Monsters what things soever are brought forth contrary to the common decree and order of nature What a Monster is What a Prodigie is So we term that infant monstrous which is born with one arm alone or with two heads But we define Prodigies those things which happen contrary to the whole course of nature that is altogether differing and dissenting from nature as if a man should be delivered of a Snakeâ— or a Dog Of the first sort are thought all those in which any of those things which ought and are accustomed to be according to nature is wanting or doth abound is changed worn covered or deformed hurt or not put in his right place for sometimes some are born with more fingers then they should othersome but with one finger some with those parts divided which should be joyned others with those parts joined which should be divided some are born with the privities of both sexes male and female And Aristotle saw a Goat with a horn upon her knee No liveing creature was ever born which wanted the Heart but some have been seen wanting the spleen others with two spleens and some wanting one of the Reins Lib. 4 gen anim cap. 4. And none have been known to have wanted the whole Liver although some have been found that had it not perfect and whole and there have been those which wanted the Gall when by nature they should have had it and besides it hath been seen that the Liver contrary to his natural site hath lien on the left side and the Spleen on the right Some women also have had their privities closed not perforated the membranous obstacle which they call the Hymen hindering And men are sometimes born with their fundaments ears noses and the rest of the passages shut and accounted monstrous nature erring from its intended scope But to conclude those Monsters are thought to portend some ill which are much differing from their nature CHAP. I Of the causes of Monsters and first of those Monsters which appear for the glorie of God and the punishment of mens wickedness THere are reckoned up many causes of Monsters the first whereof is the glorie of God that his immense power may be manifest to those which are ignorant of it by the sending of those things which happen contrary to nature for thus our Saviour Christ answered the Disciples asking whether he or his parents had offended who being born blinde received his sight from him that neither he nor his parents had committed any fault so great but this so happened only that the glorie and majestie of God should be divulged by that miracle and such great works Another cause is that God may either punish mens wickedness or shew signs of punishment at hand because parents sometimes lie and join themselves together without law and measure or luxuriously and beastly or at such times as they ought to forbear by the command of God and the Church such monstrous horrid and unnatural births do happen The
should live in the water above its force and natural efficacy and that the water should forget the extinguishing faculty Verily Philosophers truly affirm that the elements which are understood to be contrary and to fight in variety among themselves are mutually joyned and tied together by a marvellous confederacy The end of the Twenty fifth Book THE SIX and TWENTIETH BOOK Of the Faculties of Simple MEDICINES As also of their Composition and Use THE PREFACE AMongst the causes which we term healthful and other remedies which pertain to the health of man The excellency of medicines and the expelling of Diseases Medicines easily challenge the prime place which as it is delivered by Solomon God hath produced out of the earth and they are not to be abhorred by a wise man for there is nothing in the world which sooner and as by a miracle asswageth the horrid torments of diseases Therefore Herophilus called them fittingly administred The hands of the Gods And hence it was that such Physicians as excelled in the knowledg of Medicines have amongst the Antients acquired an opinion of Divinity It cannot by words he expressed what power they have in healing Wherefore the knowledg of them is very necessary not only for the prevention but also for the driving away of Diseases CHAP. I. What a medicine is and how it differeth from nourishment WEe define a medicine ro be That which hath power to change the body according to one or more qualities and that such as cannot be changed into our nature contrary whereto we term that nourishment which may be converted into the substance of our bodies But we define them by the word power because they have not an absolute nature but as by relation and depending upon the condition of the bodies by whom they are taken For that which is medicine to one is meat to another and that which is meat to this is medicine to that Thus for example Hellebore is nourishment to the Quail but a medicine to man Hemlock is nourishment to a Sterling but poyson to a Goose the Ferula is food to an Ass but poyson to other cattel Now this diversity is to be attributed to the different natures of creatures It is recorded in history that the same by long use may happen in men They report that a maid was presented to Alexander the Great who nourished with Napellus and other poysons had by long use made them familiar to her so that the very breath she breathed was deadly to the by-standers Therefore it ought to seem no marvel if at any time it happen that medicines turn into the nature and nourishment of our bodies for we commonly may see birds and swine feed upon serpents and toads without any harm and lastly Serpente Cinonia pullos Nutrit inducit per devia rura lacerta Illi eadem sumptis quaerunt animalia pennis The Stork with Serpents and with Lizards caught In wayless places nourisheth her brood And they the same pursue when as they 're taught To use their wing to get their wishd-for food CHAP. II. The difference of Medicines in their matter and substance The earth the mother of riches and medicines EVen as the concealed glory of worldly riches lyeth hid in the bowels of the earth and depths of the Sea and waters as gold silver and all sorts of metals gemms and pretious stones furnished with admirable virtues so we may behold the superficies of this earth cloathed with almost an infinite variety of trees shrubs and herbs where we may contemplate and wonder at the innumerable diversities of roots leaves flowers fruits gums their smells pleasant tasts and colours but much more at their virtues This same mother-earth as with her breasts nourisheth marvellous distinct kindes of living creatures various in their springing encrease and strength wherein the immense goodness of God the great Architect and framer of all things doth most clearly appear towards man as who hath subjected to our government as a patrimony so ample and plentiful provision of nature for our delight in nourishment and necessity of healing Therefore the antient Physicians have rightly delivered that all sorts of medicines may be abundantly had from living creatures plants the earth water and air Medicines are taken from living creatures either whole and entire What medicines taken from living creatures or else the parts and excrements of them We ofttimes use in Physick whole creatures as foxes whelps hedg-hodgs frogs snails worms crabs and other living creatures We also make use of some parts of them as the livet of a Wolf or Goat the lungs of the fox the bone of the Stags heart Cranium humanum fat blood flesh marrow the cods of the Castor or Beaver which is therefore termed Castoreum and such other particles that are usefull in Physick We know that also there are some medicines taken from excrements as horns nails hairs feathers skin as also from urine dung spittle hony egs wax milk wool sweat and others of this kinde under which we may comprehend musk civet pearl oesipus and sundry others of this nature We take medicines from plants both whole and also from their parts whether trees shrubs What from plants or herbs For we oft-times use succory marsh-mallows mallows plantain and the like whole but otherwhiles only the roots of plants their pith wood bark shoots stalks leaves flowers seeds fruits juices gums rosins mosses and the like Things taken from the earth for the use and matter of medicine are either earths stones What from the earth or Minerals The sorts of earth are Bole-Armenick Terra sigillata fullers-earth chalk potters clay and such like Stones are the pumice Marchisite of gold silver brass marble the load-stone plaister chalk sulphur vivum lapis specularis and others Metals and Minerals are gold silver tin lead brass Iron steel antimony ceruse brimstone Cinnaber litharge of gold and silver tutty true Pompholix verdigreece alum Romane vitriol coprass white green salts of sundry kindes both of Arsenicks and such like The following medicines are from fresh water rain-water spring-water river-water What from the water and all things thence arising as water lentils common flags water-lillies water-mints and all the creatures that live therein From the salt-water are taken salt Alcyonium all sorts of coral shels of fish the herb Androsace which grows in plenty in the marshes at Fontignan and Cape de Sete Asphaltum which is found in the dead sea From the air proceeds Manna therefore called mel aërium i. e. hony of the air What from the air and also all other kindes of dew that are useful in Physick by reason of the virtues they receive from the sun which raiseth them up from the air whereas they make some stay as also from the plants whereupon they fall and reside CHAP. III. The differences of simples in their qualities and effects ALL the mentioned sorts of simples are endued with one or more of the four
finest of it should fly away these being mingled with the oil of roses and myrtles with a gentle fire may be boiled untill they come to the consistence of hony then add the axungia's and boil them till the whole grow black after add the sebum and that being dissolved take it from the fire and then add the unguentum populeon and some wax if there be need and so bring it to the form of a plaster Diachyloâ— magnum â„ž litharg puri pul â„¥ xii ol irin chamaem aneth an â„¥ viii mucag sem lini faenug rad alth ficuum ping uvar. passar succi ireos scillae oesipi icthyocollae an Ê’ vii ss tereb â„¥ iii. res pini cerae flavae an â„¥ ii fiat emplastrum The litharge is to be mingled with the oil before it be set to the fire then by a gentle fire it is to be boiled to a just consistence after the mucilage by degrees must be put in which being consumed the juices must be added and the icthyocolla and they being wasted too then put to the wax rosin then taking the whole from the fire add the oesipus and terebinthina The use of plasters We use plasters when we would have the remedy stick longer and firmer to the part and would not have the st ength of the medicament to fly away or exhale too suddenly CHAP. XXVIII Of Cataplasms and Pultisses The matter of cataplasms CAtaplasms are not much unlike to emplasters less properly so called for they may be spread upon linnen cloths and stoups like them and so applied to the grieved parts They are composed of roots leaves fruits flowers seeds herbs juices oils fats marrows meals rosins Of these some must be boiled others crude The boiled are made of herbs boiled tender and so drawn forth an hair-searse adding oils and axungias thereto The crude are made of herbs beaten or their juices mixed with oil and flower or other powders appropriate to the part oâ— disease as the Physician shall think fit The quantity of medicines entring these compositions can scarce be defined for that they must be varied as we would have the composition of a softer or harder body Their use Verily they ought to be more gross and dense when as we desire to ripen any thing but more soft and liquid when we endeavor to discuss We use cataplasms to asswage pain digest discuss and resolve unnatural tumors and flatulencies They ought to be moderately hot and of subtill parts so to attract and draw forth yet their use is suspected the body being not yet purged for thus they draw down more matter into the affected part Neither must we use these when as the matter that is to be discussed is more gross and earthy for thus the subtler parts will be only discussed Lib. 2. ad Glauc â—bid sciâ—ho and the gross remain impact in the part unless your cataplasm be made of an equal mixture of things nor only discussing but also emollient as it is largely handled by Galen An anodyne cataplasm A ripening cataplasm A discussing cataplasm How Pultisses differ from cataplasms This shall be largely illustrated by examples As â„ž medul panis lb ss decâ—quantur in lacte pingui adde olei chamaem â„¥ ss axung galin â„¥ i. fiat cataplasma Or â„ž rad alth â„¥ iii. fol. malv. senecionis an m i. sem lini fenug an Ê’ ii ficus ping nu vi decoquantur in aqua per setaceum transmittantur addendo â—lei lilior â„¥ i. far bord â„¥ ii axung porcini â„¥ i ss fiat cataplasma Or â„ž far fab â—roh an â„¥ ii pulv chamaem melil an Ê’ iii. ol â—rin amydg amar an â„¥ i. succi rut â„¥ ss fiat cataplasma Pultisses differ not from cataplasms but that they usually consist of meals boiled in oil water hony or axungia Pultisses for the ripening of tumors are made of the flowr of barly wheat and milk especially in the affects of the entrails or else to dry and binde of the meal of rice lentils or Orobus with vinegar or to cleanse and they are made of hony flour of beans and lupines adding thereto some old oil or any other oil of hot quality and so make a discussing pultis Also anodyne pultisses may be made with milk as thus for exampleâ— A ripening cataplasm â„ž farin triticiae â„¥ ii misce panis purissimi â„¥ iii. decequantur in lacte fiat pulticula â„ž farin hordei fab an â„¥ ii far oreb â„¥ iii. decoquantur in hydromelete addendo meliis quart i. olei amyg amar â„¥ ii fiat pulticula We use pultises for the same purpose as we do cataplasms to the affects both of the internal and external parts We sometimes use them for the killing of worms and such as are made of the meal of Lupines boiled in vineger with an oxes gall or in a decoction of wormwood and other such like bitter things CHAP. XXIX Of Fomentations A Fotus or fomentation is an evaporation or hot lotion chiefly used to mollifie relax and asswage pain consisting of medicines having these faculties A fomentation commonly useth to be moist being usually made of the same things as embrocations to wit of roots seeds flowers boiled in water or wine The roots here used are commonly of mallows marsh-mallows and lillies The seeds are of mallows marsh-mallows parsley smallage line fenugreek Flowers are of camomil melilot figs raisins and the like all which are to be boiled in wine water or Lye to the consumption of the third part or the half as â„ž Rad. alth lil an â„¥ ii sem lini foenug cumin an Ê’ iii. flo cham melil aneth an p i. summit orig m. ss bulliant in aequis partibus aquae vini aut in duabus partibus aquae una vini aut in Lixivio cineris sarmentorum ad tertiae partis consumptionem fiat fotus In imitation hereof you may easily describe other fomentations as occasion and necessity shall require We use fomentations before we apply cataplasms ointments or plasters to the part Their use that so we may open the breathing places or pores of the skin relax the parts attenuate the humor that thus the way may be the more open to the following medicines The body being first purged fomentations may be used to what parts you please They may be applied with a female-spunge for it is gentler and softer then the male with felt woollen cloaths or the like dipped in the warm decoction wrung out and often renewed otherwise you may fill a Swines bladder half full especially in pains of the sides of the decoction or else a stone-bottle so to keep hot the longer 2. De victu in acuâ—is yet so that the bottle be wrapped in cotton wool or the like soft thing that so it may not by the hardness and roughness offend the part according to Hippocrates CHAP. XXX Of Embrocations AN Embroche or Embrocation is a watering
What an Embrocation iâ— when as from an high we as it were showâ— down some moisture upon any part This kinde of remedy is chiefly used in the parts of the head and it is used to the coronal future for that the skul is more thin in that part so that by the spiracula or breathing places of this future more open then chose of the other futures the force of the medicine may more easily penetrate unto the Meninges or membranes of the brain The matter of Embrocations is roots leaves flowers seeds fruits and other things according to the intention and will of the Physician They are boiled in water and wine to the half or third part Embrocations may also be made of Lye or Bâ—ine against the cold and humid affects of the brain Sometimes of oyl and vineger otherwhiles of oyl only â„ž fol. plantag solan an m. i. sem portul cucurb an Ê’ ii myrtil Ê’ i. flor nymph ros an p. ss fiat decoct ad lb i. cum aceti â„¥ ii si alte subeundem sit ex qua irrigetur pars inflammata In affects of the brain when we would repercuss we often and with good success use oyl of Roses with a fourth part of vineger We use Embrocations Their use that together with the air drawn into the body by the Diastole of the arteries the subtler part of the humor may penetrate and so cool the inflamed part for the chief use of Embrocations is in hot affects Also we use Embrocations when as for fear of an haemorrhagy or the slying asunder of a broken or dislocated member we dare not loose the bondages wherein the member is bound For then we drop down some decoction or oyl from high upon the bondages that by these the force of the medicine may enter into the affected member CHAP. XXXI Of Epithemes EPithema or an Epitheme is a composition used in the diseases of the parts of the lower middle belly like to a fomentation not much unlike an embrocation What an Epitheme is They are made of waters juices and powders by means whereof they are used to the heart chest liver and other parts Wine is added to them for the more or less penetration as the condition of the hot or cold affect shall seem to require for if you desire to heat more wine must be added as in swooning by the clotting of blood by the corruption of the seed by drinking some cold poison the contrary is to be done in a fainting by dissipation of the spirits by feverish heats also vineger may be added The matter of the medicines proper to the entrails is formerly described yet we commonly use the species of electuaries as the species elect triasantali the liver being affected In the sixth Chapter and Diamargariton in affects of the heart The proportion of the juices or liquors to the powders uses to be this to every pinte of them â„¥ i. or â„¥ iss of these of wine or else of vineger â„¥ i. You may gather this by the following example A cordial Epitheme â„ž aqu ros bugl borag an â„¥ iii. succi scabios â„¥ ii pul elect diamarg. frigid Ê’ii cort citri sicciÊ’i coral ros ebor an Ê’ ss sem citri card ben an Ê’ii ss croci moschi an gra 5. addendo vini albi â„¥ ii fiat Epithema pro corde Their use Epithemes are profitably applied in hectick and burning fevers to the liver heart and chest if so be that they be rather applied to the region of the lungs then of the heart for the heat of the lungs being by this means tempered the drawn in air becomes less hot in the pestilent and drying fevers They are prepared of humecting refrigerating and cordial things so to temper the heat and recreate the vital faculty Sometimes also we use Epithemes to strengthen the heart and drive there-hence venenate exhalations lifted or raised up from any part which is gangrenate or sphacelate Some cotton or the like steeped or moistened with such liquors and powders warmed is now and then to be applied to the affected entrail this kinde or remedy as also all other topick particular medicines ought not to be used unless you have first premised general things CHAP. XXXII Of Potential Cauteries The use of potential cauteries THat kinde of Pyrotick which is termed a Potential Cautery burns and causeth an eschar The use of these kindes of cauteries is to make evacuation derivation revulsion or attraction of the humors by those parts whereto they are applied Wherefore they are often and with good success used in the punctures and bites of venemous beasts in a venemous as also in a pestilent Bubo and Carbuncle unless the inflammation be gâ—eat for the fire doth not only open the part but also retunds the force of the poison calls forth and plentifully evacuates the conjunct matter Also they are good in phlegmatick and contumacions tumors for by their heat they take away the force and endeavours of our weak heat Also they are profitably applied to stanch bleeding or eat or waste the superfluous flesh of ulcers and wens to bring down the callous lips of ulcers and other things too long here to insist upon The ma ter of them The materials of these Cauteries are Oke-ashes Pot-ashes the ashes of Tartar of Tithymals or spurges the Fig-tree the stalks of Coleworts and beans cuttings of Vines as also sal ammoniacum alkali axungia vitri sal nitrum Roman Vitrol and the like for of these things there is made a salt which by its heat is caustick and escharotiâ—â— like to an hot iron and burning coal Therefore it violently looses the continuity by eating into the skin together with the flesh there-under I have thought good here to give you divers forms of them The forms of them Take of unquenâ—ht Lime extinguished in a bowl of Barbers Lye three pounds When the Lye is settled let it be strained and into the straining put of Axungia vitri or Sandiver calcined Argol of each two pounds of Sal nitrum ammoniacum of each four ounces these things must be beaten into a gross powder then must they be boiled over the fire and after the boiling let them remain in the Lye for four and twenty hours space being often stirred about and then strained through a thick and double linnen-cloth lest any of the earthly dross get thorow together with the liquor This strained liquor which is as clear as water they call Capiteum and they put it in a brasen Basin such as barbers use and so set it upon the fire and assoon as it boils they keep it with continual stirring lest the salt should adhere to the basin the Capitellum being half boiled away they put in two ounces of powdred vitriol so to hasten the falling of the eschar and so they keep the basin over the fire until all the liquor be almost wasted away Then they cut
health stored with pleasing delight Baths are of two sorts some natural others artificial natural are those which of their own accord without the operation or help of Art prevail or excell in any medicinal quality For the water which of it self is devoid of all quality that is perceiveable by the taste if it chance to be straitned through the veins of metals it furnishes and impregnates it self with their qualities and effects hence it is that all such water excels in a drying faculty sometimes with cooling and astriction and other whiles with heat and a discussing quality The baths whose waters being hot or warm do boil up take their heat from the cavities of the earth and mines filled with fire which thing is of much admiration whence this fire should arise in subterrene places what may kindle it what seed or nourish it for so many years and keep is from being extinct Some Philosophers would have it kindled by the beams of the sun other by the force of lightning penetrating the bowels of the earth others by the violence of the air vehemently or violently agitated no otherwise then fire is struck by the collision of a flint and steel Yet it is better to refer the cause of so great an affect unto God the maker of the Universe whose providence piercing every way into all parts of the World enters governs the secret parts passages thereof Notwithstanding they have seemed to have come nearest the truth who refer the cause of heat in waters unto the store of brimstone contained in certain places of the earth because among all minerals it hath most fire and matter fittest for the nourishing thereof Therefore to it they attribute the flames of fire which the Sicilian mountain Aetna continually sends forth Hence also it is that the most part of such waters smell of Sulphur yet others smell of Alum others of Nitre others of Tar and some of Coperas How to know whence the Baths have their efficacy Now you may know from the admixture of what metalline bodies the waters acquire their faculties by their taste sent color mud which adheres to the channels through which the water runs as also by an artificial separation of the more terrestrial parts from the more subtil For the earthy dross which subsides or remains by the boiling of such waters will retain the faculties and substance of brimstone alum and the like minerals besides also by the effects and the cure of these or these diseases you may also gather of what nature they are Wherefore we will describe each of these kindes of waters by their effects beginning first with the Sulphureous Sulphureous waters powerfully heat dry resolve open and draw from the center unto the surface of the body they cleanse the skin troubled with scabs and tetters they cause the itching of ulcers and digest and exhaust the causes of the gout The condition of natural sulphureous waters they help pains of the cholick and hardned spleens But they are not to be drunk not only by reason of their ungrateful smell and taste but also by reason of the maliciousness of their substance offensive to the inner parts of the body but chiefly to the liver Aluminous waters taste very astrictively therefore they drye powerfully Of aluminouâ— waters they have no such manifest heat yet drunk they loose the belly I beleive by reason of their heat and nitrous quality they cleanse and stay defluxions and the courses flowing too immoderately they also are good against the tooth-ach eating ulcers and the hidden abstesses of the other parts of the mouth Salt and nitrous waters shew themselves sufficiently by their heat they heat drye binde Of salt and nitrous cleanse discusse attenuate resist putrefaction take away the blackness comming of bruises heal scabby and malign ulcers and help all oedematous tumors Bituminous waters heat digest andy by long continuance soften the hardned sinews Of bituminous they are different according to the various conditions of the bitumen that they wash and partake of the qualities thereof Brasen waters that is such as retain the qualities of brass heat drye cleanse digest cut binde Of brizen are good against eating ulcers fistulas the hardness of the eye-lids and they waste and eat away the fleshly excrescences of the nose and fundament Iron waters cool drye and binde powerfully therefore they help abscesses hardened milts Of iron the weaknesses of the stomach and ventricle the unvoluntary shedding of the urine and the too much flowing terms as also the hot distemper of the liver and kidnies Some such are in Lucan territory in Italy Leaden waters refrigerate drye and perform such other operations as lead doth Of Leaden the like may be said of those waters that flow by chalk plaster and other such minerals as which all of them take and performe the qualities of the bodies by which they pass How waters or baths help cold and moist diseases as the palsie convulsion Of hot baths the stiffness and attraction of the nerves trembling palpitations cold distilllations upon the joints the inflations of the members by a dropsie the jaundise by obstruction of a gross tough and cold humor the pains of the sides colick and kidnies barrenness in women the suppression of their courses the suffocation of the womb causless weariness those diseases that spoil the skin as tetters the leprosie of both sorts the scab and other diseases arising from a gross cold and obstruct humor for they provoke sweats Yet such must shun them as are of a colerick nature and have a hot liver To whom hurtful T e faculties of cold-baths for they would cause a Cachexia and dropsie by over-heating the liver Cold waters or baths heal the hot distemper of the body and each of the parts thereof and they are more frequently taken inwardly then applied outwardly they help the laxness of the bowels as the resolution of the retentive faculty of the stomach entrails kidnies bladder and they also add strength to them Wherefore they both temper the heat of the liver and also strengthen it they stay the Diarrhaea Dysentery Courses unvoluntary shedcing of urine the Gonorrhaea Sweats and bleedings In this kinde are chiefly commendable the waters of the Spaw in the country of Leige The Spaw which inwardly and outwardly have almost the same faculty and bring much benefit without any inconvenience as those that are commonly used in the drinks and broths of the inhabitants In imitation of natural baths there may in want of them be made artificial ones Of artificial baths by the infusing and mixing the powders of the formerly described minerals as Brimstone Alum Nitre Bitumen also you may many times quench in common or rain-water iron brass silver and goold heated red hot and so give them to be drunk by the patient for such waters do oft-times retain the qualities and faculties of the metals quenched in them as you
the hairs for many dayes CHAP. XLVII Of Pâ—ilothra or Depilatories and also of sweet-waters MEdicines to fetch off hair which by the Greeks are termed Psilothra and Depilatoria in Latine vulgarly A deplitatory are made as you may learn by these following examples â„ž calcis viva â„¥ iii. auripigmenti â„¥ i. let the lime be quenchd in fair water and then the orpiment added with some aromatick thing have a care that the medicine lie not too long upon the part otherwise it will burn and this medicine must be made to the consistence of a pultis and applied warm first fomenting the part with warm watet for then the hair will fall off by gentle rubbing or washing it with warm water but if there happen any excoriation thereupon you may help it by the use of unguentum rosatum Another or some other of the like faculty â„ž calcis viv aurip citrin an â„¥ i. amyl spumae argent â„¥ ss terantur et incorporentur cum aq cum bulliant simul you shall certainly know that it is sufficiently boiled if putting thereinto a gooses quill the feathers come presently off some make into powder equal parts of unquench'd lime and orpiment they tye them up in a cloth with which being steeped in water they besmear the part Sweet-waters and within a while after by gentle stroaking the head the hair falls away of it self The following waters are very fitting for to wash the hands face and whole body as also linnen because they yield a gratefull smel Lavender-water the first is lavander-water thus to be made â„ž flor lavend. lb iv aq rosar vini alb an lb ii aq vitae â„¥ iv misceantur omnia simul fiat distillatio in balneo Mariae the same water may also be had without distillation if you put some lavander-flowers in fair water Clâ—ve-water and so set them to sun in a glass or put them in balneo adding a little oyl of spike and musk Clove-water is thus made Sweet-water â„ž caryoph â„¥ ii aq rosar lbii. macerentur spatio xxiv horarum et distillentur in balneo Mariae Sweet-water commonly so called is made of divers odoriferous things put together as thus â„ž menthae majoranae hyssopi salviae rorismarini lavendulae an m ii radicis ireos â„¥ ii caryophyllorum cinamoni nucis moschatae ana â„¥ ss limonum nu iv maecerentur omnia in aqua rosarum spacio viginti quatuor horarum distillentur in balneo Mariae addendo Moschi ℈ ss The end of the Twenty sixth Book THE SEVEN and TWENTIETH BOOK OF DISTILLATION CHAP. I. What distillation is and how many kindes thereof there be HAving finishd the Treatise of the faculties of medicines it now seems requisite that we speak somewhat of Chymistry and such medicines as are extracted by fire These are such as consist of a certain fift essence separated from their earthy impurity by Distillation in which there is a singular and almost divine effcacy in the cure of diseases So that of so great an abundance of the medicines there is scarce any which at this day Chymists do not distil or otherwise make them more strong and effectual then they were before What distillation is Now dâ—stillation is a certain Art or way by which the liquor or humid part of things by the virtue and force of fire or some semblable heat as the matter shall seem to require is extracted or drawn being first resolved into vapor and then condens'd again by cold Some call this art Sublimation or subliming which signifies nothing else but to separate the pure from the unpure the parts that are more subtil and delicate from those that are more corpulent gross and excrementitious as also to make those matters whose substance is more gross to become more pure and sincere either for that the terrestrial parts are ill-united and conjoyned or otherwise confused into the whole and dispersed by the heat and so carried up the other grosser parts remaining together in the bottom of the vessel Or distillation is the extraction or effusion of moisture distilling drop by drop from the nose of the Alembeck or any such like vessel Before this effusion or falling down of the liquor there goes a certain concoction performed by the vertue of heat which separates the substances of one kinde from those of another that were confusedly mixed together in one body and so brings them into one certain form or body which may be good and profitable for divers diseases Some things require the heat of a clear fire others a flame others the heat of the Sun Four degrees of heat others of ashes or sand or the filings of Iron others hors-dung or boiling water or the oily vapor or steam thereof In all these kindes of fires there are four considerable degrees of heat The first is contained in the limits of warmth and such is warm water or the vapor of hot water The second is a little hotter but yet so as the hand may abide it without any harm such is the heat of ashes The third exceeds the vehemency of the second wherefore the hand cannot long endure this without hurt and such is the heat of sand The fourth is so violent that it burneth any thing that commeth near and such are the filings of Iron The first degree is most convenient to distill such things as are subtil and moist as flowers What heat fittest for what things The second such as are subtil and drye as those things which are odoriferous and aromatical as Cinnamom Ginger Cloves The third is fittest to distill such things as are of a more dense substance and fuller of juice such as are some Roots and gums The fourth if fit for metals and minerals as Allum Vitriol Amber Jet c. In like manner you may distill without heat as we use to do in those things which are distilled by straining as when the more pure is drawn and separated from that which is most unpure and earthy as we do in Lac Virginale and other things which are strained through an hypocrass-bag or with a piece of cloth cut in form of a tongue or by setling or by a vessel made of Ivie wood sometimes also some things may be distilled by coldness of humidity and so we make the oyl of Tartar Myrrh and Vitriols by laying them upon a marble in a cold and moist place CHAP. II. Of the matter and form of Fornaces THe matter and form of Fornaces uses to be divers The matter the best for Fornaces For some Fornaces use to be made of bricks and clay othersome of clay only which are the better and more lasting if so be the clay be fat and well tempered with whites of Eggs and hair Yet in sudden occasions when there is present necessity of distillation Fornaces may be made of bricks so laid together that the joints may not agree but be unequal for so the structure will
and wrought upon that is of what kinde it is and what the nature thereof may do and suffer The other is the Fornace which oâ—ght to be provided of a convenient matter and figure of that which is to be distilled for you cannot draw any thing of any matter neither of every mixture being distilled can you rightly expect oyl or water For mixt bodies do not consist of an equal portion of the four Elemenâ—s but some are more aiery others more fiery some participate more the of water others moâ—e of the earth and that presently from their original Therefore as watery things yield more wâ—ter so aiery and fiery things yield more oyl when they are distilled neither are all instruments fit for the extracting of every liquor Moreover you must note that the watery liquor sometimes comes forth in â—he first place and presently after by the help of a stronger fire follâ—â—s the oily which we finde happens as often as the plant or parts of the plants which are distilled are of a cold tempeâ—amen for in hot things it happens otherwise for the first liquor which comes forth is oily and the following waterish CHAP. V. Of what fashions the vessels for the distilling of waters ought to be Of what fashion the vessels for the destilling of waters ought to be A. Shews a brass kettle full of water B. The cover of the kettle perforated in two places to give passage fourth to the vessels C. A pipe or Chimney added to the kettle wherein the fire is contained to heat the water D. The alembick consisting of his body and head E. The receiver whereinto the distilled liquor runs The effigies of another Balneum Mariae not so easily to be removed as the former A. Shews the vessel of Copper that contains the water B. The Alembick set in water But lest the bottom of the Alembick being half full should float up and down in the water and so stick against the sides of the Kettle I have thought good to shew you the way and means to prevent that danger A. Shews the vessel or glass-Alembick B. A plate of lead whereon it stands C. Strings that binde the Alembick to the plate D. Rings through which the strings are put to fasten the Alembick You may distill the liquors of things by the vapor or steam of boiling water if so be that you be provided of Vessels and forms made after this following manner A Fornace with his vessels to distill liquors with the stream of boiling water A. Shews the head of the Alembick B. The body thereof placed in a brass-vessel made for that purpose C. A brass-vessel perforated in many places to receive the vapor of the water This vessel shall contain the Alembick compassed about with saw-dust not only that it may the better and longer retain the heat of the vapor but also lest it should be broken by the hard touch of the brazen vessel D. Shews the brass vessel containing the water as it is placed in the fornace E. The fornace containing the vessel F. A funnel by which you may now and then pour in water in stead of that which is vanished and dissipated by the heat of the fire G. The Receiver Why those things that are distilâ—ed in Balneo Mariae retain more of the strength of things Now for the faculties of distilled waters it is certain that those which are drawn in Balneo Mariae or a double vessel are far better and efficacious because they do not only retain the smell of the things which are distilled but also the taste acidity harshness sweetness bitterness and other qualities so that they will neither savor of smoak nor burning for the milde and gentle heat of a bath contains by its humidity the more subtil parts of the plants that are distilled that they may not be dissipated and exhaled contrary to which it usually happens in things which are distilled by the burning heat of wood or coals For these have a certain nitrous and acrid taste savoring of the smoak of fire Besides they acquire a malign quality from the vessels out of which they are distilled especially if they be of Lead whence they contract qualities hurtful to the principal vital and natural parts Therefore the plants which are thus distilled if they be bitter by nature presently become insipid as you may perceive by wormwood-water thus distilled Those things which are distilled in Balneo Mariae are contained in a glass vessel from which they can borrow no malign quality Therefore the matters so drawn are more effectual and pleasing in taste smel and sight You may draw waters not only from one kinde of plant but also from many compounded and mixed together of these some are alimentary others medicinal yea and purging others acquird for smel others for washing or smoothing of womens faces as we shall shew hereafter CHAP. VI. How the materials must be prepared before Distillation What things need not to be macerated before they be dissolved THings before they be put in the Alembick must undergo a preparation that is they must be cut small beaten and macerated that is steeped in some liquor that so they may be the more easily distilled and yield the more water and retain their native smell and faculties yet such preparation is not convenient for all things for there be some things which need no incision or maceration but must rather be dried before they be distilled as Sage Tyme Rosemary and the like by reason of their too much humidity it will be sufficient to sprinkle other things with some liquor only In this preparation there are two things observable to wit the time of the infusion and condition of the liquor wherein these things ought to be infused The time of the infusion is different according to the variety of the matter to be macerated for things that are hard solid drye or whole must be longer macerated then such as are tender freshly gathered or beaten whence it is that roots and seeds require a longer time of infusion flowers and leaves a shorter and the like of things The liquors where infusion must be made ought to be agreeable to the other things infused For hot ingredients require hot liquors and cold such as are cold wherein they may be infused The maceration of plants in their own juice Such things as have not much juice as Betony wormwood and the like or which are very odoriferous as all aromatick things would be infused by wine so to preserve their smell which otherwise by the force of the fire by reason of the tenuity of the substance easily vanishes But if we desire that the distilled liquor should more exactly retain and have the faculty of the things whereof it is distilled then must you infuse it in the juice thereof to some such appropriate liquor that it may swim in it whilst it is distilled or at least let it be sprinkled therewith CHAP. VII Of the Art of distilling
of Waters BEfore I describe the manner how to distill waters The varieties of distilled waters I think it not amiss briefly to reckon up how many sorts of distilled waters there be and what the faculties of them are Therefore of distilled waters some are medicinal as the waters of Roses Plantain Sorrel Sage and the like others are alimentary as those waters that we call restauratives other some are composed of both such as are these restaurative waters which are also mixed with medicinal things others are purging as the distilled water of green and fresh Rubarb othersome serve for smoothing the skin and others for smell of which sort are those that are distilled of aromatick things To distill Rose-water it will be good to maceâ—ate the Roses before you distill them for the space of two or three daies in some formerly distilled Rose-water or their pressed-out juice Rose water luting the vessel close them put then into an Alembick closely luted to his head and his Receiver and so put into a Balneum Mariae as we have formerly described The distilled Alimentary liquors are nothing else than those that we vulgarly call Restauratives Restauratives this is the manner and art of preparing them Take of Veal Mutton Kid Capon Pullet â—ock Parâ—ridg Phesant as much as shall seem fit for your purpose cut it small and lest it should requires heat or empyreuma from the fire mix therewith a handful of French Barly and of red Rose-leaves dâ—ie and fresh but first steeped in the juice of pomgranats or citrons and Rosewater with a little Cinnamon The delineation of a Balneum Mariae which may also serve to distill with ashes A. Shews the Fornace with the hole to take forth the ashes B. Shews another Fornace as it were set in the other now it is of Brass and runs through the midst of the kettle made also of brass that so the contained water or ashes may be the more easily heated C. The kettle wherein the water ashes or sand are contained D. The Alembick set in the water ashes or sand with the mouths of the receivers E. The bottom of the second brass Fornace whose top is marked with B. which contains the fire There may be made other restauratives in shorter time with less labor and cost Anosher way of making restaurative Liquors To this purpose the flesh muâ—t be beaten and cut thin and so thrust through with a double thred so that the pieces thereof may touch each other then put them in to a glass and let the thred hang out so stop up the glass close with a linnen cloth Cotton or Tow and lute it up with paste made of meal and the whiâ—es of eggs then set it up to the neck in a kettle of water but so that it touch not the bottom but let it be kept upright by the formerly described means then make a gentle fire there-under un il the contained flesh by long boiling shall be dissolved into juice and that will commonly be in some four hours space This being done let the fire be taken from under the kettle but take not forth the glass befor the water be cold lest the fire being hot should be broken by the sudden â—ppulse of the cold air Wherefore when as it is cold let it be opened and the thred with the pieces of flesh be drawn forth so that only the juice may be left remaining then strain it through a bag and aromatize it with Sugar and Cinnamom adding a little juice of Citron Verjuice or Vineger as it shall best like the Patients palate After this manner you may quickly easily and without great cost have and prepare all sorts of restauratives as well medicated as simple But the force and faculty of purging medicines is extracted after a clean contrary manner then the oyls and waters which are drawn of Aromatitk things as Sage Rosemary Time Anniseeds Fennel Cloves Cinnamon Nutmegs and the like For the strength of â—hese as that which is subtil and aiery flies upwards in distillation but the strength of puâ—ging things aâ— Tuâ—bâ—th Agarick Rubâ—rb and the like subsides in the bottom For the purgative â—â—câ—l y of these purgers inseparably ache es to the b dies and substances Now for sweet waters and such as serve to smooth the skin of the face they may be distilled in Balneo Mariae like as Rose water CHAP. VIII How to distill Aqua Vitae or the spirits of Wine TAke of good white or Claret-wine or Sack which is not sowr nor musty nor otherwise corrupt or of the Lees that quantity which may serve to fil the vessel wherein you make the distillation to a third part then put on your head furnished with the nose or pipe Spirit of wine seven times rectified and so make your distillation in Balneo Mariae The oftner it is distilled or as they term it rectified the more noble and effectual it becomes Therefore some distil it seven times over At the first distillation it may suffice to draw a fourth or third part of the whole to wit of twenty four pintes of Wine or Lees draw six or eight pintes of distilled liquor At the second time the half part that is three or four pintes At the third distillation the half part again that is two pintes so that the oftner you distil it over the less liquor you have but it will be a great deal the more efficacious I do well like that the first distillation be made in Ashes the second in Balneo Mariae To conclude that aqua vitae is to be approved of neither is it any oftner to be distilled which put into a spoon or saucer and there set on fire burns wholly away and leaves no liquor or moisture in the bottom of the vessel if you drop a drop of oyl into this same water it continually falls to the bottom or if you drop a drop into tht palm of your hand it will quickly vanish away which are two other notes of the probation of this liquor The faculties of the spirit of wine The faculties and effects of aqua vitae are innumerable it is good against the epilepsie and all cold diseases it asswages the pain of the teeth it is good for punctures and wounds of the Nerves faintings swoonings gangreens and mortifications of the flesh as also put to other medicines for a vehicle The distilling of Wine and vineger is different There is this difference between the distilling of Wine and Vineger wine being of an aiery and vaporous substance that which is the best and most effectual in it to wit the aiery and fiery liquor comes from it presently at the first distillation Therefore the residue that remains in the bottom of the vessel it is of a cold drye and acrid nature on the contrary the water that comes first from Vineger being distilled is insipid and flegmatick For Vineger is made by the corruption of wine and the segregation of