It is in vertue like Telephium wherfore if it be layde with vineger vpō the body it taketh away the white and blacke spottes and Lentils or freckles Also the herbe alone pounde and onely layde vpon such spottes and markes by the space of sixe houres taketh them cleane away but yet those spottes must be playstered afterwardes with Barly meale Of Mulleyne / or Hygtaper Chap. lxxxi †The Kyndes THere be foure sortes of Mulleyne as Dioscorides writeth whereof the two first are white Mulleyne and of them one is Male and the other female The third is blacke Mulleyne The fourth is wilde Mulleyne †The Description THe white male Mulleyn or rather Wolleyn hath great broade long white softe wolly leaues from the lowest parte vpward euen to the middell of the stem or somewhat higher but the higher the smaller are the leaues From the leaues vpwarde euen to the top of the stalke it is thicke set round about with pleasant yellow floures each floure parted into fiue smal leaues the whole top with his pleasant yellow floures sheweth like to a waxe Candell or taper cunningly wrought The roote is long and single of a woddy substance and as thicke as ones thombe The other white Mulleyne called the female Mulleyn hath white leaues frysed with a soft wooll or Cotton the stalkes and roote are like to the aforesayde sauing that the floures be white and parted into sixe littell leaues The third Mulleyn which is also of the female kind is like to the abouesayd in stalkes leaues floures sauing that his leaues be larger his floures are of a pale yellow colour with small redde threedes in the middell fasshioned almost like to a littell Rose The roote is long and thicke like the others Verbascum album mas White male Mulleyne Verbascum album foemina albo flore White female Mulleyne with the white floure The Blacke Mulleyn hath great blacke rough leaues of a strong sauour and not softe or gentill in handeling The floures be yellow in fasshion like the others but a great deale smaller the stalke and roote is like to the others The wilde Mulleyn is very much like Sage aswel in stalkes as in leaues It hath many square twigges and branches of wooddy substance alwayes two growing togither out of a ioynt standing directly one against an other The leaues be soft and whitishe like to the leaues of Sage but much greater and softer The floures grow at the toppe of the branches and are of yellow colour †The Place The Mulleynes grow about the borders of fieldes by the high way sides and vpon bankes The wilde Mulleyn is not common in this countrey but we haue seene it in the pleasant garden of Iames Champaigne the deere friende and louer of Plantes †The Tyme The Mulleyns do floure most commonly in Iuly August and September and the wilde kinde floureth againe more later †The Names Mulleyn is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Verbascum of Apuleius Lychnitis and Pycnitis and of some Candela regis Candelaria and Lunaria in Shoppes Tapsus barbatus in Italian Tassobarbasso in English also Tapsus barbatus Verbascū albū foemina luteo flore White female Mulleyne with yellow floures Verbascum nigrū Wilde Mulleyne Verbascum syluestre Wild Mulleyne Mulleyne or rather Wulleyn Higtaper Torches and Longworte in high Douch Wuulkraut Kertzenkraut Brēkraut Himelkraut Vnholdenkertz and Kunningskertz in base Almaigne Vollecruyt Wollebladeren and Tortsecruyt †The Nature The Mulleyns be dry without any manifest heate †The Vertues The roote of white Mulleyne boyled in redde wine and dronken stoppeth and healeth the dangerous laske and bloudy flixe The same boyled in water dronken is good for them that are broken hurte inwardely and against an old Cough of long continuance The decoction of the roote swageth tooth ache is good against the inflammations and vlcers of the Aulmondes or kernels of the throte to be kept warme in the mouth and the mouth to be wasshed and clensed by often gargeling of the same He do read that if dryed figges be wrapt in the leaues of the white female Mulleyn it shall preserue them a long time from corruption The leaues of Mulleyne are also good against the Hemorrhoides whan they be wiped and clensed therewith and it is good to wasshe the mouth with the decoction of the same The blacke Mulleyn with his pleasant yellow floures boyled in water or wine and drōken is good against the diseases of the brest and the lunges and against all spitting of corrupt and rotten matter The leaues of the same boyled with Rue do appease the payne of the side The leaues of blacke Mulleyn boyled in water are good to be layde vpon colde swellings called Oedema and vpon the vlcers and inflaminations of the eyes The same leaues pounde with hony and wine do cure naughtie and mortified vlcers and with vineger it cureth the inflammation of woundes The golden floures of Mulleyn stiped in lye causeth the heare to waxe yellow being wasshed therewithall The seede of Mulleyne is good to drinke as saith Plinie against the bursting and falling out of ioynte of members for it taketh away the swelling and swageth the payne The wilde Mulleyne stamped is good to be layde vpon burnings and scaldings made with fire or water and otherwise Apuleius saith that Mercury gaue Mulleyn to Vlysses whā he came neare to the inchanteresse Circe to the ende that by the vertue of Mulleyn he might be preserued against all the enchantments or witchings of Circe Of Blattaria / or Mothe Mulleyn Chap. lxxxij †The Description THe leaues of this herbe are greene smooth long iagged or snipt round about and spread abroade vpon the ground somewhat like to the leaues of Veruayne from the middest of those leaues doo spring vp two or three stems bearing fayre yellow floures and sometimes also it beareth purple floures so lyke to the floures of Mulleyn in smel fasshion and quantitie that oftentimes as witnesseth Plinie this herbe hath bene gathered for wilde Mulleyne After the floures there arise small knoppes or bullets in whiche the seede is conteyned smaller than the seede of Mulleyn The roote is shorte and of wooddy substance †The Place This herbe groweth by way sides in Vineyardes and certayne fieldes also about Riuers and is seldome founde in this countrey Blattaria ⧠The Tyme It floureth in Iune and Iuly †The Names Plinie calleth it in Latine Blattaria some call it Verbascum Leptophyllon it maybe called in English Purple or Mothe Mulleyn it is called in French Herbe aux mites Herbe vermineuse and Blattaire in high Douch Schabenkraut Goldtknopflin and of some in base Almaigne Mottencruyt †The Nature As it may be well perceyued by the bitter sauour the herbe is hoate dry almost in the third degree †The Vertues As concerning the vertues of this herbe we finde none other thing wryten of it sauing that the Mothes and Battes do incontinently
Thistell seede The roote is great and thicke with many other smal rootes buddes vneueÌ„ly adioyning and couered with a thicke rinde or barke of a browne earthly colour without but most commonly white within is not very stroÌ„g or ranke of sauor whan it is fresh and greene but whan it is drye it is very aromaticall and hath in it a certayne fat and Oylie moysture or substance Helenium The seconde Helenium whereof Dioscorides writeth is vnknowen to vs it hath tender branches creeping alongst the grounde beset with many leaues like the pulse lentilles The roote is whitish thicke as ones little finger large aboue and narrow downewardes †The Place Elecampane delighteth in good fertill soyle as in valleyes and medowes it is also founde in hilles and shadowie wooddes but not commonly in drye groundes It is very common in England Flaunders and Brabant and very well knowen in all places The second groweth in places adioyning to the Sea and vpon litle hilles †The Tyme Elecampane flowreth in Iune and Iuly the seede is ripe in August The best time to gather the roote is at the ende of September whan it hath lost his stalkes and leaues †The Names This herbe is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Inula and Enula in Shoppes Enula Campana of some Panaces chironion or Panaces centaurion in Englishe Elecampane Scabworte and Horseheele in Frenche Enula Campana in Germanie Alantwurtz in base Almaigne Alantwortel and Galantwortel in Italian Enoa and Enola in Spanishe Raiz delalla The seconde kinde is called Helenium Aegyptiacum but yet vnknowen to men of this tyme. †The Nature Elecampane being yet greene hath a superfluous moysture whiche ought first to be consumed before it be occupied But that moysture being dryed vp it is hoate in the thirde degree and dry in the seconde †The Vertues The decoction of Elecampane dronken prouoketh vrine and womens flowers and is good for them that are greeued with inwarde burstinges or haue any member drawen togyther or shronke The roote taken with hony in an Electuarie clenseth the brest ripeth tough fleme and maketh it easie to be spet out and is good for the cough and shortnesse of breath The same made in powder and dronke is good agaynst the bytinges and stinginges of venimous beastes and agaynst windinesse and blastinges of inwarde partes A Confiture made of the sayde roote is very wholesome for the stomacke and helpeth digestion The leaues boyled in wine and layde to the place of the Sciatica swageth the payne of the same Of Spicknel Mewe / or Meon Chap. xv Matthiolus figure is almost lyke the first kinde of Libanotidis as Turner and he writeth is called in Douche Bearewortes or Hartes wortes †The Description MEon of Dioscorides is described amongst the rootes wherefore we haue none other knowledge of the fashion of the same but as our Auncientes haue left it vs in writing This haue I sayde to the intent that men may knowe that those herbes which the Apothecaries and others do vse at this day in Physike are not the true Meon whiche we shoulde not tell howe to knowe if that men coulde not finde the fashion and nature of the right Meon described Meon according to Dioscorides is lyke to Dyll in stalkes and leaues but it is thicker and of the heigth of two cubites or three foote The rootes are long small well smelling and chafing or heating the tongue and they are scattering here and there some right and some awry †The Place New groweth plenteously in in Macedonia and Spayne †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine MeuÌ„ in shoppes Mew which do but only keepe the name for the true Meon is yet vnknoweÌ„ but the Apothecaries do vse in the steede therof a kinde of wilde Parcelie the which is described in the fifth part of our history of plantes it hath no agreement or lykenesse with the description of Meon wherfore it can not be Meon †The Nature The roote of Meon is hoate in the thirde degree and dry in the seconde †The Vertues The rootes of Meum boyled in water or onely soked in water and dronke doth mightily open the stoppinges of the kidneyes bladder they prouoke vrine ease and helpe the strangurie and they consume all windinesse and blastinges of the stomacke The same takeÌ„ with hony do appease the paynes and gripinges of the belly are good for the affections of the mother podagres and aches of ioyntes and against al Catarrhes Phlegmes falling down vpon the breast If wemen sit ouer the decoction therof it bringeth downe their sicknesse The same layde vpon the lowest part of the belly of young children wyll cause them to pisse and make water Meum Meon †The Daunger If to muche of the roote of this herbe be dronken it causeth head ache Of Peonie Chap. xvi †The Kyndes THere be two sortes of Peonie as Dioscorides and the Auncientes write that is to say the male and female †The Description MAle Poeonie hath thicke redde stalkes of a Cubite long the leaues be great and large made of diuers leaues growing or ioyned togither not muche vnlyke the Walnut tree leafe in fashion and greatnesse at the hyghest of the stalke there groweth fayre large red flowers very well lyke red roses hauing also in the middes yellow threddes or heares After the falling away of the leaues there groweth vp great coddes or huskes three or foure togyther the whiche do open whan they be ripe in the opening whereof there is to be seene a faire red coloured lining and a pollished blacke shining seede full of white substance The rootes be white long small and well smelling The female Peonie at his first springing vp hath also his stalkes redde and thicke the leaues be also large and great but diuided into more partes almost like the leaues of Angelica louage or Marche The flowers in like manner be great and red but yet lesser and paler then the flowers of the male kinde The coddes and seede are like the other In these rootes are diuers knobbes or knottes as great as Acornes Yet haue you another kinde of Peonie the which is like the second kinde but his flowers and leaues are much smaller and the stalkes shorter the whiche some call Mayden or Virgin Peonie although it beareth red flowers and seede lyke the other †The Place The kindes of Peonies are founde planted in the gardens of this Countrie †The Tyme Peonie flowreth at the beginning of May and deliuereth his seede in Iune †The Names Peonie is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and in Latine Poeonia of some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Dulcisida and Idaeus Dactylus of Apuleius Aglaophotis 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and Herba casta in shoppes Pionia in high Douche Peonien blum PeonieÌ„ rosen Gichtwurtz Runigzblum Pfingstrosen in base Almaigne Pioene and Pioenbloemen and in some places of Flaunders Mastbloemen â€
Englishe Sea Holme or Huluer and Sea Holly The other kinde is called in English the Hundred headed Thistel in French Chardon a cent testes in high Douch Manstrew Brachen distel and Rad distel in base Almaigne Cruysdistel in the Shoppes also it is nowe called Iringus This without doubt is a kinde of Eringium the whiche may also very be well called Centumcapita †The Nature Sea Holly is temperate of heate and colde yet of drie and subtil partes The hundred headed Thistell is hoate and drie as one may easyly gather by the taste †The Vertues The first leaues of Eryngium are good to be eaten in Salade and was for that purpose so vsed of the Auncientes as Dioscorides writeth The rootes of the same boyled in wine and dronken are good for them that are troubled with the Colique and gripings of the belly for it cureth them and driueth foorth windinesse The same taken in the same manner bringeth foorth womens natural sicknesse It is good to drinke the wine wherein Sea Holly hath boyled against the stone and grauel and against the payne to make water for it prouoketh vrine driueth foorth the stone cureth the infirmities that chaunce to the kidneyes if it be dronken fiftiene dayes togither one after another The same rootes taken in the same manner are good for suche as be liuer sicke and for those that are bitten of any venemous beastes or haue receiued or dronke poyson especially if it be dronken with the seede of wilde Carrot It doth also helpe those that are troubled with the Crampe and the falling sicknesse The greene herbe is good to be pounde and layde to the bytinges of venemous beastes especially to the bitinges of Frogges The Apothecaries of this Countrie do vse to preserue and comfit the roote of Eringium to be giuen to the aged and olde people and others that are consumed or withered to nourishe and restore them againe The roote of Centumcapita or the Thistel of a hundred heades is likewise comfited to restore nourishe and strengthen albeit it commeth not neare by a great way to the goodnesse of the other Of Starre Thistel / or Caltrop Chap. lix †The Description STarre Thistell hath softe frised leaues deepely cutte or gaysle the stalkes grow of a foote and a halfe high full of branches wherevppon growe small knappes or heades like to other Thistelles but muche smaller and set rounde about with sharpe thornie prickles fashioned lyke a Starre at the beginning either greene or browne redde but afterwarde pale or white when those heades do opeÌ„ they bring foorth a purple flower afterwarde a small flat and round seede the roote is long and somewhat browne without ¶ The Place This Thistell groweth in rude vntoyled places alongst the waies is founde in great quantitie about the Marte Towne of Anwarpe nere to the riuer Scelde and alongst by the newe walles of the Towne †The Tyme This Thistell flowreth from the moneth of Iuly vntill August Carduus stellatus †The Names This herbe is nowe called in Latine Carduus stellatus and Stellaria also Calcitâ—apa and some take it for 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Polyacanthus of Theophrast the which Gaza calleth in Latine Aculeosa they call it in Frenche Chaussetrape in high Douch Wallen Distell ano Raden Distel in base Almaigne Sterre distel in English Starre Thistel or Caltrop †The Nature This Thistel also is of a hoate nature as the taste of the roote doth shewe †The Vertues They vse greatly to take the powder of the seede of this Thistel in wine to drinke to prouoke vrine and to driue foorth grauel and against the strangury Of the Teasel Chap. lx †The Kindes THe Cardthistel or Teasel is of two sortes the tame the wild The tame Teasel is sowen of Fullers and clothworkers to serue their purposes the wilde groweth without husbanding of it selfe serueth to smal purpose Dipsacum satiuum Fullers Teasel Dipsacum syluestre Wilde Teasel THE Cardthistel his first leaues be long and large hackt round about with natches lyke the teeth of a sawe betwixt those leaues riseth a holowe stalke of three foote long or more with many branches set here and there with diuers hooked sharpe prickles and spaced or seuered by ioyntes at euery of the sayd ioyntes grow two great long leaues the which at the lower endes be so closely ioyned and fastened togither round about the stalke that it holdeth the water falling either by rayne or dewe so sure as a dishe or bason At the top of the branches growe long rough and prickle heades set full of hookes out of the same knops or heades grow smal white flowers placed in Celles and Cabbins like the honie Combe in whiche Chambers or Celles after the falling away of the flower is found a sede like Fenil but bitter in taste The knoppes or heades are holow within and for the most part hauing wormes in them the whiche you shall finde in cleauing the heades The roote is long playne and white The wild Teasel is much like to the other but his leaues be narrower and his flowers purple the hookes of this Teasel be nothing so harde nor sharpe as the other There is yet another wilde kinde of these Carde Thistels the which grow highest of al the other sortes whose knopped heades are no bigger then a nut in all thinges els lyke to the other wilde kindes †The Place The tame Teasel is sowen in this Countrie and in other places of Flaunders to serue Fullers and Clothworkers The wild groweth in moyst places by brookes riuers such other places †The Tyme Carde Thistel flowreth for the most part in Iune and Iuly ¶ The Names This kinde of Thistel is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Dipsacum and LabruÌ„ Veneris of some also Chamaeleon Crocodilion Onocardion Cneoron Meleta Cinara rustica Moraria Carduus Veneris Veneris lauacrum Sciaria in Shoppes Virga Pastoris and Carduus Fullonum in French Verge de berger Cardon a Foulon or A Carder in high Douche Karten distel Bubenstrel Weberkarten in base Almaigne Caerden and Volders Caerden in Englishe Fullers Teasel Carde Thistell and Venus bath or Bason The tame Teasel is called Dipsacum satiuum and Dipsacum album The wilde Teasel is called Dipsaca syluestris or Purpurea †The Nature The roote of Carde Thistell as Galen saith is drie in the seconde degree and somwhat scouring †The Vertues The roote of Teasell boyled in wine and afterwarde pounde vntill it come to the substance or thicknesse of an oyntment healeth the chappes riftes and fistulas of the fundement But to preserue this oyntment ye must keepe it in a boxe of Copper The small wormes that are founde within the knoppes or heades of Teaselles do cure and heale the Quartayne ague to be worne or tyed about the necke or arme as Dioscorides writeth Of Artechokes Chap. lxi †The Kyndes There is now found two kindes of Artechokes the one with
base Almaigne Slanghencruye it is called in English wilde Buglosse the lesser it may be also called Vipers herbe or Vipers Buglosse ⧠Theoccasion of the name Alcibiacum This herbe was called Alcibiacum Alcibiadion of one Alcibiades the first finder out of the vertues of this herbe apresent remedie against the bitings of Serpēts Foras the aūcient Nicander writeth Alcibiades being asleepe was hurtwith a Serpent wherefore whan he awoke and saw this hearbe he tooke of it unto his mouth and chewed it swalowing downe the iuyce thereof after that he layed the herbe being so chewed vpon the sore and was healed Others name it Echion Echidnion Viperina c. Whiche is asmuch to say as Vipers herbe which names haue bene giuen to this plante bycause it is very good against the bitings of Serpents and Vipers and bycause also his seede is like the head of an Adder or Viper Echion siue Alcibiacum †The Nature It is of the same nature that Buglosse is of but that it is somwhat hoater and more subtile †The Vertues The roote boyled in wine and dronke doth not onely helpe such as are hurt by Serpents but also after that a man hath taken it in manner aforesaide it will preserue him from being so hurte The like vertue hath the leaues seede It swageth the payne of the raynes or loynes Also being dronken with wine or otherwise it causeth plenty of milke in womens breastes Of Dogges tunge Chap. v. †The Description THe common Houndes tongue hath a harde rough browne stalke of two or three foote high the leaues be long much like the leaues of the great garden Buglosse but narower smaller and not rough but hauing a certaine fine horenesse vpon thē like veluet At the toppe of the braunches it beareth many floures of a darke purple colour The seede is flat and rough three or foure together like to a trueloue or foure leaued grasse the whiche do cleaue faste vnto garments whan they are ripe like vnto Aegrimonie and other rough seedes The roote is long thicke blacke withoutside †The Place It groweth almoste euery where in waste and vntilled places but specially in sandie coūtreys about pathes and high wayes ⧠The Tyme It floureth in Iune and his seede is ripe in Iuly †The Names It is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine and in Shoppes Cynoglossum Cynoglossa and Lingua canis whereof also the Italians call it Lingua de Cane the Spaniardes call it Lengua de perro in English Dogs tunge or Houndes tongue in Freuch Langue de chien in high Douch Hundszung in base Almaigne Houdtstonghe This is that second kinde of Cynoglossa whereof Plinie wrote in the eight chapter of the .xxv. Booke it should seeme also to be a kinde of Isatis syluestris whiche a man shall finde described in some examples of Dioscorides in the Chapter Isatis And of Aëtius in his .x. booke and .viij. Chapter Limonium Cynogloss os altera Plinij †The Nature Houndes tougue but specially his roote is colde and dry yea colder than the great garding Buglosse †The Vertues The roote of Houndes tongue is very good to heale woundes and it is with good successe layde to the disease called the wilde fyre whan it is pounde with Barley meale The water or wine wherein it hath bene boyled cureth old sores woundes and hoate inflammations and it is excellent against the Vlcers grieuances of the mouth For the same purpose they make an oyntment as followeth Firste they boyle the iuyce thereof with hony of Roses than whan it is well boyled they mingle Turpentine with it sturring it harde vntill all be well incorporate togither than they applie it to woundes The roote rosted in hoate imbers and layde to the fundament healeth the inwarde Hemerrhoydes Of Gorage Chap. vi †The Description BOrage hath rough prickely leaues broade large of a swart greene colour at the first comming vp bending or rather spreading themselues abroade flatte vpon the ground in proportion like to an Oxe tongue The sralke is rough and rude of the heigth of a foote half parting it selfe at the toppe into diuers small braunches bearing fayre pleasant floures in fashion like Starres of colour blew or Azure and sometimes white The seede is blacke and there is founde twoo or three togither in euery huske like as in the common Buglosse but it is smaller and blacker then Buglosse seede There is also an other kinde of Borage which indureth the winter like to the cōmon Buglosse and is like to the aforesaide Borage in proportion sent sauour and vertues but his floures be very small and like to the common Buglosse floures but smaller †The Place It groweth in all gardens and in sandie champion countreys †The Tyme It beginneth to floure in Iune and continueth flouring all the Somer †The Names The auncient Fathers called it in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Lingua bubula Libanium or Lingua bouis that is to say Langue de beuf ou vache in English Oxe tongue Plinie calleth it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 bycause it maketh men gladde and merie the Apothecaries name it Borago and accordingly it is called in Italion Borragine in Spanish Borraia Borraienes in English Borage in Frēch Bourroche or Bourrache in Highdouche Burretsch in base Almaigne Bernagie or Bornagie Buglossum verum †The Nature It is hoate and moyste †The Vertues Ye may finde this written of Borage that if the leaues or floures of Borage be put in wine and that wine dronken it wil cause men to be gladde and mery and driueth away all heauy sadnesse and dull Melancholie Borage boyled with honied water is very good against the roughnesse or hoarsenesse of the throte Dioscorides writeth that he hath heard say that if one pound Borage that hath but onely three braunches togither with his roote and seede and afterward a man giue the same to drinke to him that hath a Tertian ague cureth the same Also that of foure branches prepared after the same manner is good to be giuen to drinke against the feuer Quartayne Of Anthyllis Chap. vij †The Kindes ANthyllis as saith Dioscorides is of two sortes Whereof one may be called great Anthyllis and the other small Anthyllis Anthyllis prior Great Anthyllis Anthyllis altera Kali species Small Anthyllis †The Description 1 THe first Anthyllis in his stalke leaues is not much vnlike vnto Lentill sauing that it is whiter softer and sinaller The stalke is of a foote high white and softe with leaues spred broade white and softe also but smaller thicker then Lentill leaues the floures clustering togither at the toppe of the stalke of a yellow or pale colour The seede is in small huskes The roote is small and of wooddy substance The second is not much vnlike Chamaepythis It hath fiue or six small braūches or more creping or trayling alongst the ground thicke set with little small narrow
dronken doth comfort reioyce the hart and are good against the trembling and shaking of the same Of Sanicle / or Sanikell Chap. xcvij. ⧠The Description SAnicle hath browne greene plaine shining and roundish leaues parted into fiue partes with deepe cuttes like vnto vine leaues or rather like Maple leaues amongst whiche there springe vp two stemmes of the heigth of a foote bearing many small round buttons at the toppe full of littell white floures whiche do turne into smal rough burres which is the seede The roote hath threedy strings and is blacke without white within †The Place Sanicle is founde in moyst woodes and stony bankes in hilly or mountayne countries Northerly †The Tyme Sanicle floureth in May and Iune †The Names This herbe is now called in Latine Sanicula of some Diapensia in English Sanicle in French Sanicle in high Douch Sanicle This is none of the kindes of Sinckfoyle or Pentaphillon as some would haue it †The Nature Sanicle is dry in the thirde degree astringent ⧠The Vertues The iuyce of Sanicle dronken doth make whole sound all inward and outwarde woundes and hurtes so that as Ruellius writeth it is a cōmon saying in Fraunce Celuy qui Sanicle à De Mire affaire il n'a That is to say who so hath Sanicle needeth no Surgean Sanicula Sanicle boyled in water or wine and dronken stoppeth the spitting of bloud the bloudy flixe and cureth the vlceratiōs and hurtes of the kidneys The same taken in like manner or the iuyce thereof dronken cureth burstings especially whan the herbe is also layd vppon the greefe eyther brused or boyled The leaues thereof the roote boyled in water hony and dronken healeth the perished lunges and al malignant vlcers rotten sores of the mouth gummes and throote if the mouth be wasshed or gatgled therewithall Of Ladies mantell / or great Sanicle Chap. xcviij †The Description THis herb hath large roūd leaues with fiue or sixe corners finely dented round about the whiche at their first cōming vp out of the ground are folden togither or as it were playted Alchimilla Amongst them groweth small round stemmes halfe a foote long set here and there with little leaues and bringeth foorth at the top small floures clustering thicke togither of a yellowish greene colour with a smal yellow seede no greater then Purselane or Poppie seede inclosed in small greene huskes The roote is thicke as long as ones fingar browne without and hath threedy strings †The Place Great Sanicle or Ladies Mantell groweth in some places of this coūtrey as in certayne medowes in the hanging of Hilles whereas the soyle is of potters clay fat and redde ⧠The Tyme This herbe floureth in May and Iune †The Names The latter wryters do call this herbe in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latin Achimilla Alchimilla Stellaria Plāta leonis Pes leonis of some in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 howbeit this is not the right Leontopodium whereof Dioscorides writeth in English Ladies mantell great Sanicle and Padelion in French Pied de Lion in high Douch Synnan Lewentapen Lewenfusz Vnser frauwē Mantell grosz Sanickel in base Almaigne folowing the high Almaignes Synnaw Onser vrouwen mantel and groote Sanikel †The Nature It is dry like Sanicle but colder †The Vertues Ladies mantell is much like to Sanicle in facultie and serueth for all diseases wherevnto Sanicle is good Moreouer it taketh away the payne heate of all woundes inflamed vlcers and Phlegmons being applied thereto The same pound layde vpon the Pappes or Dugges of wiues or maydens maketh them harde and firme Of Sarrasins Consounde Chap. xcix †The Description SArrasines Consounde hath a round browne redde holow stalke three or foure cubites high as Pena writeth all alongst the whiche from the lowest parte euen vp to the harde toppe there growe long narrow leaues like to Wythie or Peach leaues dented round aboute with small denticles At the toppe of the stalkes growe bleake or pale yellow floures the whiche being ripe are carried away with the winde The roote is very threedy †The Place Sarrasines Consounde groweth in shadowy woodes and especially there whereas it is somewhat moyst †The Tyme This herbe is found with his floures most commonly in August Solidago Sarracenica †The Names This herbe is now called in Latine Solidago Sarracenica Consolida Sarracenica of some Herba fortis in English Sarrasines Consounde or Sarrasines Comfery in French Consoulde Sarrasine in high Douch Heidnisch wundkraut in base Almaigne Heydensch wondtcruyt †The Nature Sarrasines Consounde is almost dry in the third degree and not without heate in taste bitter and astringent †The Vertues Sarrasines Consounde healeth all sortes of woundes and vlcers both inwarde and outward to be ministred in the same manner as the other Consolidatiue or healing herbes are whether it be giuē in drinke or applied outwardly with oyntments oyles or emplaisters The same boyled in water and dronken doth restraine and stay the wasting lyuer and taketh away the oppillation and stopping of the same of the bladder and gaule and is good agaynst the iaundise feuers of long continuance and for such as are falling into a dropsie The decoction of the same is good to be gargled against the vlcers and stinking of the mouth and against the vlceration of the gummes and throte Of Golden rodde Chap. c. ⧠The Description GOlden rodde at the firste hath long broade leaues spredde abroade vpon the ground amongst the which springeth vp a reddish or browne stalke of the length of a foote and half with leaues like to the first but smaller it spreadeth it selfe at the toppe into diuers small branches charged or loden with small yellow floures the whiche also whan they are ripe are carried away with the winde like to the floures of Sarrasines Consounde The roote is browne and hath threedy strings †The Place This herbe groweth in wooddes vppon mountaynes and in frutefull soyle †The Tyme It floureth most commonly in August †The Names This herbe is now called in Latine Virga aurea that is to say Golden rodde in French Verge d'or in base Almaigne Golden roede and we know not as yet whether it hath any other name †The Nature The taste of this herbe is very like to Sarrasines Consounde and therefore it is of like nature Virga aurea †The Vertue and Operation Golden rod is also an herbe apt to heale woundes and hath the same vertues whiche Sarrasines Consounde hath and may be vsed in all disseases for the whiche the sayde Consounde is good The same boyled in wine and dronken is very good agaynst the stone namely in the reynes For it breaketh the same and maketh it to descend with the water or vrine and so doth also the water of this herbe distilled with wine and dronken by some space of time as wryteth Arnoldus de Villa Noua Of water
beareth a flower altogither of a pleasant yellow colour Bulbosa Iris. ⧠The Place The first kinde is founde in Englande The other twayne growe in Spayne and Portingale †The Tyme The flowers of these strange plantes doo shewe them selues commonly in Iune in base Almaigne where as they are scantly knowen or hardly founde sauing in the gardens of some diligent Herboristes †The Names This flower is called now in Latine Bulbosa Iris bycause it hath a Bulbus roote and a flower lyke Ireos But it seemeth to be Apuleius Bulbus called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and Hieribulbus they call this plante in Spayne especially that with the yellowe flower Reilla Buen and we may call it Bulbus Ireos in English †The Nature and Vertues The nature of this kinde of Bulbus or flower with his vertues are not yet knowen bycause there is no experience made of it as yet Of the yellowe wilde Ireos / or Flower Deluce Chap. xli †The Description THe wild yellow Iris or flower Deluce hath long narrowe flagges or blades almost lyke to the right Iris or garden flagge but a great deale longer and narrower very lyke to the blade of a long and narrowe double edged sworde The stalkes be rounde smooth and holow at the toppe whereof groweth the yellowe flower with the three leaues hanging downewardes like to the gardē flower Deluce three mounting vpwardes but they are smaller thē the leaues that hāg downewardes Whē they are past there come vp thicke triangled coddes or huskes in which is conteyned large yellow seede The roote is thicke spreadeth here and there and sometimes it hath other small rootes hanging by it and many threddy strings of a fleshly colour within and of a rough astringent or binding taste ¶ The Place This wilde yellowe Iris groweth in moyst places and low medowes and in the borders and brinkes of Riuers pondes and lakes very common in England Flaunders other Countries Pseudoiris Lutea †The Tyme This flower Deluce or wilde Iris flowreth in May and Iune ¶ The Names The wilde yellow Iris is nowe called in Latine Pseudoiris Lutea and of some Syluestris Iris lutea it hath bene called in Shoppes Acoron and hath ben taken in medicine for the same not without great errour losse and danger of the sicke as it is of diuers learned men now very wel noted and for that cause it is also called Pseudoacorus that is to say false or bastarde Acorus in Douch Geel Schwertel geel wald Schwertel Drakenwurtz in base Almaigne Geel wilt Lisch and Boxe boonen in French Glayeul bastarde Flambe bastarde in Englishe the yellow wilde Iris the yellow flower Deluce Wilde flagges water flagges and Lauers or Leuers ¶ The Nature The yellowe bastarde Iris his roote is colde and drie in the thirde degree of astringent or binding facultie lyke to the rootes of Tormentill Bistorte †The Vertues The roote of yellowe flower Deluce or bastarde Iris boyled in water and bronken stoppeth the bloody flixe and other fluxes of the belly and stoppeth blood from whence so euer it floweth womens flowers in what sort soeuer it be taken yea if it be ministred but outwardly onely eyther in playsters or in bathes Of the white Lillie Chap. xlij †The Description THe white Lillie his leaues be long and broade and somewhat thicke or fat amongst the which springeth vp a straight stemme or stalke of three foote long or more set and garnished with leaues from the roote to the toppe which by litle and litle as they grow vp toward the top do waxe smaller smaller In the top of the sayd garnished stemme growe the pleasant beautiful white and sweete smelling Lillies diuided into sixe small long and narrowe leaues whiche haue in the outsyde of euery leafe a certayne strake or ribbe but within they are altogither of an excellent shynyng pure white colour bending somewhat backwardes at the top in the middle amongst these leaues ther hang vpō sixe very smal stems sixe smal yellow pointes or litle markes as it were tongues in the middle amongst these also there groweth another long vpright and triangled stemme thicker then the rest and lyke to the Clapper of a Bell. The roote is lyke to a great Onyon or rather a garlike head compacte and made of diuers cloues or kernelles ¶ The Place The white Lillies be very common not only in this Countrie but in all places els where in gardens Lilium Candidum c. †The Tyme This kinde of Lillies doth flower at the beginning of Iune or there about †The Names The white Lillie is called of the Grecians 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the plante is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 It is called in Latine Lilium and Rosa lunonis in Shoppes Lilium album in Italian Giglio and Giglio biancho in Spanish Azucena in Douche Weisz Gilgen or weisz Lilgen in Frenche Lys blanc †The cause of the Name Constantine writeth this of the Lillie that when Iupiter had begotten Hercules vpon Alcumena and being desyrous to make him immortall he carryed him to sucke Iuno his wife whiles she was sleeping and when he perceiued the childe to haue suckt his fyll he drewe him from her breast by meanes whereof there fell great store of mylke from the breastes of Iuno the greatest parte whereof was spilt in heauen and fell vppon the Skies whereof the signe and marke remayneth at this day that is to say that white and milkie way that goeth through heauen from the North to the South called in Latine Via lactea The rest fell vpon the earth whereof sprang these Lillies in the floures whereof there remayneth the very whitenesse of the sayde milke and hereof it came to passe that this floure was called in Latine Iunonis rosa that is to say Iunos rose †The Nature The floures of the white Lillie are hoate and partely of a subtile substance The roote is dry in the first degree and hoate in the second †The Vertues The roote of the white Lillie sodde in honied water and dronken dryueth forth by the siege all corruption of bloud as Plinie sayeth The same rosted or pounde and well mengled with oyle of Roses doth soften the hardnesse of the Matrix prouoketh the monethly termes being layde therevpon The same pounde with Hony ioyneth togither sinewes that are cut consumeth or scoureth away the vlcers of the head called Achores and cureth all maner of naughtie scuruinesse aswell of the head as of the face and is good to be layde to all dislocations or places out of ioynt The roote of the white Lillie mengled with vineger or the leaues of Henbane or Barley meale cureth the tumors and impostems of the genitors The same boyled in vineger causeth the Cornes which be in the feete to fall of if it be kepte vpon the sayde Cornes as a playster by the space of three
other Satyrion his seede is smooth and shyning like vnto Lyne seede sauing it is bigger and the rinde of the Bulbus roote is reddishe but the roote it selfe is white and sweete and pleasant in tast as Dioscorides writeth †The Place It groweth in open sunnie places vpon high mountaynes †The Names The first is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Satyrium Triphyllum or Trifolium in English Satyrion also right Satyrion and three leaued Satyrion The other Satyrion is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Satyriū erythronium we may call it also Redde Satyrion and Syrian Satyrion †The Nature Satyrion is hoate and moyst of complexion †The Vertues The rootes of Satyrion prouoketh Venus or bodily luste and they nourisshe and strengthen the body as the auncient wryters say Of sioyall Standergrasse / or Palma Christi Chap. lix †The Kyndes BYsides the two Satyrions described of the auncient wryters there is also at this day an other sorte found out of learned men †The Description THe greate Royall Satyrion which is also the male kinde hath long thicke smooth leaues smaller than Lillie leaues without any apparant or manifest spots and stalkes of a foote long or more not without smal leaues growing by it the floures grow in a spiky bushe or tuffet at the top of the stalke of a light purple colour and sweete sauour speckled with smal speckes of a deeper purple like to Cuckow Orchis or fooles ballockes sauing they lacke suche a come or coppe vnder euery one of the sayde floures there groweth a small sharpe poynted leafe the rootes be double like to a payre of handes and eache parted into iiij or fiue small rootes like fingers whereof one is more withered light spōgie the other is full and sounde or firme with a few small rootes or strings growing out or fastned thereto Satyrion Basilicō mas Satyrion Royall Satyrion Basilicon foem Satyrion Royall Of this sorte there is also a kinde founde whiche is very small and it hath very narrow leaues like to Saffron or Leeke blades and a russhie stalke of nine inches long with a sharp pointed tufte or spikie eare at the top of the stalke like the tuft or spikie bushe of floure Gentill or Veluet floure of such a bright crimson or purple colour Of a very sweete fragrant sauour like vnto muske whan they are fresh new gathered the rootes are like to the others but not so large greene The other great kinde whiche is the female of this royall Satyrion hath leaues like to the leaues of the male kind of royall Satyrion sauing they be smaller dasshed full of blacke spottes the floures be like vnto gaping hoodes or Cockescomes like to the floures of Fooles ballockes or Cuckowes Orchis of colour sometimes white sometimes purple or redde or a light skie colour alwayes speckled and garnished with more small spottes or speckes †The Place The royall Satyrions are found in certayne medowes and moyst woodes of England and Germanie But that kinde whiche beareth the sweete spikie tufte or eare is found vpon the high hilles and mountaynes of Sauoy †The Tyme Royall Satyrion floureth in May and Iune †The Names These plantes are now called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Satyria Basilica siue regia also Palmas Christi we may call it in English Satyrion Royall Palmas Christi or noble Satyrion in French Satyrion royall in Douch Cruszblum in base Almaigne Handekens cruyt †The Nature The rootes of Royall Satyrion are in sent and tast like to Orchies therfore they are thought to be of the same complexion whiche is hoate and moyst †The Vertues The roote of Royall Satyrion brused or stamped giuen to drinke in wine prouoketh vomit purgeth both the stomacke and bealy by meanes wherof it cureth the old feuer Quartayne after cōuenient purgation if an inch or asmuch as ones thumbe of this roote be pounde ministred in wine before the accesse or comming of the fit As Nicholas Nycols writeth Sermone secundo Of Hyssope Chap. lx ⧠The Description THe common Hyssop hath fouresquare greene harde wooddishe stemmes or brāches set with small narrow leaues somewhat like the leaues of Lauander but a great deale smaller and greener The floures growe at the toppes of the branches in small tuftes or nosegays almost like to a spikie eare sauing that they growe by one side of the stalke Whan the floures be past there commeth seede which is blacke and lieth in the smal huskes from whence the floures are fallen The roote is blackishe and of wooddie substance Hyssopus communis There is yet a thirde kinde like to the others in leaues and stalkes but the floures of this kinde are milke white †The Place Hyssope groweth not of his owne kinde in this countrey neuerthelesse ye shall finde it commonly planted in all gardens ⧠The Tyme Hyssope floureth in Iune and Iuly †The Names This herbe is now called in Shoppes Hyssopus and Ysopus in Italian and Spanish Hyssopo in English Hysope in French Hyssope in Douch Hysop Hysope and Ysope howbeit this herbe is not the right Hyssope wherof Dioscorides Galen and the Auncients haue written as it is sufficiently declared by certaine of the best learned writers of these dayes †The Nature Hyssope is hoate and dry in the thirde degree †The Vertues The Decoction of Hyssope with figges Rue and Hony boyled togither in water and dronken is good for them whiche haue any obstruction or stopping of the breast with shortnesse of breath and for them that haue an olde difficult or harde cough and it is good also for the same purpose to be mengled with hony and often licked in after the manner of Lohoc or Loch Hyssope taken in with Syrupe Acetosus that is of vineger purgeth by stoole tough and clammy flegme and killeth and driueth foorth wormes It hath the like vertue eaten with figges Hyssope boyled in water with figges and gargled in the mouth and throte ripeth and breaketh the tumors and impostems of the mouth and throte Hyssope sodde in vineger and holden in the mouth swageth tooth ache The Decoction of Hyssope doth scatter consume the bloud that is congeled clotted gathered togither vnder the skinne and all blacke and blew markes that come of stripes or beating The same decoction cureth the itche scurffe foule mangines if it be wasshed therewithal Of common garden Sauorie Chap. lxj †The Description THe Sauorie is a tender sommer herbe of a foote long the stalkes be slender and blackishe very full of branches set with smal narrow leaues somwhat like the leaues of cōmon Hyssope but a great deale smaller The floures grow betwixt the leaues of carnation Satureia vulgaris in white colour of a pleasant sauour The seede is browne or blackishe The roote is tender and threedie †The Place This herbe is sowen in all gardens and is muche vsed about
meates †The Tyme This herbe floureth in Iune †The Names This herbe is now called in Latine Cunila and Satureia in Shoppes Saturegia in Italian Coniella Sauoregia in Spanish Segurella in English somer Sauorie and common garden Sauorie in French Sarriette Sauorie in Douch garten Hyssop zwibel Hysop Kunel Saturey Sadaney in base Almaigne Cuele Satureye Lochtekol †The Nature Sommer or garden Sauorie is hoate and dry in the thirde degree †The Vertues This Sauorie as Dioscorides saith is in operation like vnto Time and is very good and necessarie to be vsed in meates Of Tyme Chap. lxij †The Kindes THere be two kindes of Tyme the one called Thymum Creticum that is to say Tyme of Candie the other is our common vsuall Tyme Thymum Creticum Tyme of Candie Thymum durius Our common Tyme ⧠The Description TYme of Candie hath many smal wooddy stalkes set round about with smal narrow leaues at the top of the stalkes groweth certayne knoppie tuftes like vnto small short eares thrust togither not much vnlike the flourie spike or knops of Staecados but much smaller and bringing forth purple floures The roote is brittle and of wooddie substance The common time also hath many small weake and wooddie brāches The leaues be small of sharpe and byting taste The floures growe at the top of the stalkes of incarnate colour The roote is small and wooddishe †The Place The first kinde of Tyme groweth in hoate countries in dry barren soyle and stony mountaynes and such like vntilled places And it is found very plentifull in the countrie of Greece but principally in Candie The second groweth also in hoate countries vpō the stonie mountaynes in leane barren ground and such like places as in many places of Spayne and Italie and throughout all Lanquedoc whereas it groweth very plentifully †The Tyme It floureth in May and Iune †The Names Tyme is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is to say in Latine Thymus in Italian Thymo in Spanish Tomillo The first kinde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Thymū capitatum of the later writers Thymum Creticum that is to say Tyme of Candie The second is called also in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of Dioscorides Thymum durius the which is seldome foūd in season without his Epithymus it is called in English Tyme the common garden Tyme in French Thym in Douch Thymus †The Nature Tyme is hoate and dry in the thirde degree †The Vertues Tyme boyled in water hony and dronken is good against a hard painefull cough and shortnesse of breath it prouoketh vrine expulseth the Secondine and the dead fruite from the Matrix it bringeth to women their naturall termes and dissolueth clotted or congeled bloud in the bodie The same made into pouder and taken in waight of three drammes with honied Vineger whiche they call Oximel and a little Salte purgeth by stole tough and clammy flegme and sharpe and cholerique humors and all corruption of bloud The same taken in like sorte is good against the Sciatica the payne in the side the breast also it is good against blastings and windinesse of the side and bellie and of the stones or genitors and it is profitable for those that are fearefull melancholique and troubled in sprite or minde Tyme eaten in the morning fasting and in the euening before Supper is good for bleared and watering eyes the paine in the same And it is also good for the same purpose to be often vsed in meates It is also singuler against the Goute taken in wine out of the time of the greefe with a dramme of Oximel whan one is tormented with the same Tyme mingled with honie after the māner of a Lohoc to be often licked in clenseth the breast ripeth flegme causing it easily to be spet or cast out Tyme stamped with Vineger consumeth and wasteth colde swellings and taketh away Wartes being layde therevpon The same pound with Barlie meale wine appeaseth that payne of the hanch or hippe which some call the Sciatica Goute being applied therevnto Time is also good to be giuen to them that haue the falling sicknesse to smell vpon Of Thymbra / or winter Sauorie Chap. lxiij †The Description WInter Sauorie hath many slender wooddie stalkes set full of smal narrow leaues The floures be small incarnate or white growing in littell huskes alōgst the stalkes betwixte the leaues floureth by little littell from the lowest parte of the stalke euen vp to the toppe of the branches leauing after the floures be fallen away as it were a greene spikie eare or tufte cōteyning the seede whiche is very small The roote is of wooddy substance †The Place This herbe groweth in certaine places of Fraunce especially in Languedor other hoate countreys in vntilled places It is found in this countrey in the gardens of suche as haue pleasure in herbes ⧠The Tyme It floureth in this countrey in Iuly August and somtimes later Thymbra †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Thymbra Cunila in English Tymbra Winter Sauorie also Pepper Hyssope in French Thymbre and Sarrietted Angliterre of some Douch Herborists Tenderick This is not Satureia for Satureia is an herbe differing from Thymbra as Columella and Plinie haue very well taught vs. †The Nature Tymbra is hoate and dry like Tyme †The Vertues Winter Sauorie is good and profitable to be vsed in meates like Tyme Sauorie and common Hyssope It hath power and vertue like Tyme being taken in the like sorte as Dioscorides sayth Of wilde Tyme Chap. lxiiij †The Description THe running Tyme hath diuers smal wooddie brāches somtimes trayling alongst the ground somtimes growing vpright of a foote half long set full of smal leaues much like to the leaues of common garden Time but much larger The floures grow about the toppe of the stalkes like to crownes or garlands after the maner of Horehound floures or knops most commonly of a purplered colour somtimes but very seldom as white as snow The roote is harde and of wooddie substance with many threeddie strings †The Place This herbe groweth plentifully in all this coūtrie in places that are rude rough dry vntilled and stonie by the high way sides and in the borders of fieldes †The Tyme Running Tyme floureth from after May vntill the end of Sommer †The Names This herbe is now called in Shoppes Serpillum and in some places Pulegium montanum in Italian Serpillo in Spanish Sepollo Serpam in English wilde Tyme Puliall mountayne Pellamountayne running Time in Frēch Serpolet in high douch Quendel and of some also Kumel Kieulin in base Almaigne Quendel in Brabant Onser vrouwen bedstroo in some places wilden Thymus Many iudge it to be that whiche the Greekes do call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Latines Serpyllum hortense howbeit it
the cause that the Brabanders call it Origano as the Spaniards do call it Oreganos The second is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Origanum onitis which is yet vnknowē in this countrie The thirde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Origanum syluestre that is to say wilde Origan in Spanish Oregano campestre The first is commōly taken in the Shoppes of this countrie for Origanum is called in English wilde Origan and Bastarde Marierom in French Origan sauuage and Mariolaine bastarde in high Douch Dosten Wolgemut in base Almaigne groue Marioleyne The second may be called wilde Origan with the white floures The thirde is called English Marierom in French Mariolaine d'Angleterre ▪ and in base Almaigne Engelsche Marioleyne and it is taken in some shoppes and of some Herborists for Marum †The Nature All the kindes of Origan are hoate and dry in the third degree the one being stronger than the other †The Vertues Origan boyled in wine and dronken is good against the bytings of venemous beasts or the stinginges of Scorpions and fielde spyders And boyled in wine as is aforesayde it is good for thē that haue taken excessiuely of the iuyce of Homblocke or Poppie whiche men call Opium The same dronken with water is of great vertue against the paynes of the stomacke and the stitches or griping torments aboute the harte and causeth light digestion and taken with Hydromel or honied water it loseth the bellie gentilly and purgeth by stole aduste and Melancholique humors and prouoketh the fluxe menstruall The same eaten with figges profiteth them much that haue the Hydropsie and against the shrinking and drawing togither of members It is profitably giuen to be licked vpon with Hony against the Cough the Pleurisie and the stopping of the Lunges The iuyce of Origan is of great force against the swelling of the Almondes or kernels of the throte and cureth the vlcers of the mouth The same iuyce drawen or snift vp into the Nose purgeth the brayne and taketh away from the eyes the yellow colour remayning after that one hath had the Iaunders It appeaseth the paynes of the eares being dropped in with Milke It is good against all kinde of scuruinesse roughnesse of the skinne manginesse and against the Iaunders if one bathe in the Decoction thereof made in water or if the body onely be wasshed withthe same The same herbe being mengled with vineger and Oyle is good to be layde on with wool vpō squats or bruses and blacke and blewe markes to partes displaced or out of ioynt The wilde Origan with the white floure is of singuler vertue against all the abouesayde maladies or disseases as Galen saith Of Tragorigan / or Goates Origan Chap. lxx †The Kyndes THere be two sortes of Tragoriganum as Dioscorides hath left in writing †The Description THE first kinde is very much like Organū sauing that his stalkes leaues be tēderer The seconde kinde hath many browne woddish stēmes the leaues be meetely large of a swart greene colour larger than the leaues of Pellamountayne or running time and somwhat rough ouer couered Tragoriganum alterum as it were with a certayne fine and softe hearie The small floures are purple and grow like Crownes or whorles at the toppe of the stemmes †The Place These herbes are not common in this countrie but are onely founde in the gardens of certayne diligent Herborists ⧠The Tyme Tragoriganum floureth here in August †The Names This kinde of Origan is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Tragoriganum we may also call it in English Tragoriganum or Goates Origan The second kinde is called also Prasium of some of this coūtrie it hath ben deemed or taken for Tyme †The Nature The Tragoriganum is hoate and dry like Origan also it hath a certayne astringent vertue †The Vertues The decoction of Tragoriganum dronken maketh a good loose bellie and auoydeth the Cholerique humors and taken with vineger it is good for the Melte or Splene Tragoriganum is very good against the wambling of the stomacke and the sowre belkes whiche come from the same and against the paine or desire to vomit at the Sea Tragoriganum mengled with Hony and oftentimes licked vpon helpeth against the Cough and shortnesse of breath It prouoketh vrine bringeth to wemen their monethly termes the same layde on with the meale of Polenta hath power to dissolue colde tumors or swellings Of Basill Chap. lxxi †The Kyndes THere be two sortes of Basill the one of the Garden the other is wilde Wherof the garden Basill also is of two sortes one great the other small ⧠The Description THE Basill Royall or great Basill hath round stalkes full of braunches with leaues of a faynt or yellowishe greene colour almost like to the leaues of Mercury The floures are rounde about the stalkes sometimes purple and sometimes as white as snow Whan they are gone there is founde a small blacke seede The roote is long with many stringes or threedes The second kinde is not much vnlike to the abouesayd The stalkes be roūd with many littell collaterall or side branches The leaues be snipte or iagged round aboute a great deale smaller than the leaues of Basill Royall or great Basill The floures are very much like to the others These two kindes are of a maruelous sweete sauour in strength passing the smell of Marierom so as in deede their sent is so strong that they cause Headache whan they are to much or to long smelde vpon The wilde Basill hath square hearie stēmes beset with small leaues much lyke to the leaues of Bushe or small Basill but a great deale smaller hearie The floures are purple or of a skie colour very like the floures of garden Basill The roote is full of hearie threedes and creepeth alongst the grounde and springeth vp yearely a new the whiche the other two garden Basils doth not but must be newe sowen yearely Ocimum maius Great Basill gentle Ocimum minus Busshe Basill or small Basill gentle †The Place Basill gentill is sowen in gardens The wilde Basill groweth in sandie groundes alongst by the water side †The Tyme These herbes do floure in Iune and Iuly †The Names The garden Basill is called of the Auncients in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Ocimum and of some Basilicum that is to say Royall it is now called Ocimum gariophyllatum in English Basill Royall Basill gentle or garden Basill and the smaller kinde is called bushse Basill in French Basilicq or Basilic in high Douch Basilgen Basilgram in base Almaigne the great is called Groue Basilicom and the small Edel Basilicom The wilde Basill is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Acinus in French Basilic saunage in high Douch wilde Basilgen in base Almaigne wilde Basilicom †The Nature Garden Basill is of complexion hoate and moyst The wilde Basill is hoate and
vpon Carbuncles and Pestilentiall botches and tumors breaketh the same especially after that it hath ben soked in vineger and mingled with leccayne It swageth tooth ache being put into the hollownesse of perished teeth or rather as Mesue sayth to be boyled in vineger and holdē or kept in the mouth Being layd to the eyes alone or mingled with Collyries made for the purpose it cleareth the sight With this gumme and Pitche they make a playster the whiche is very singuler agaynst the bytinges of al wilde and mad beastes being layd therevnto Of Laserpitium / and Laser Chap. cxij. †The Description LAserpitium by that we may gather of Theophrastus Dioscorides is an herbe that dyeth yerely his stalke is great and thicke lyke Ferula the leaues be lyke Persley and of a pleasant sent The seede is broade as it were a little leafe it hath a great many rootes growing out of one head which is thicke and couered with a blacke skinne From out of these rootes and stalkes being scarified and cut floweth a certayne strong liquor the which they drie and is verie requisite in medicine and it is called Laser but it is not all of a sorte nor in al places alyke for it chaungeth in taste sauour and fashion according to the places where as the Laserpitium groweth The sappe or liquor that floweth out of the Laserpitium growing in Cyrene is of a pleasant sauour and in tast not very grieuous so as in tymes past men dyd not onely vse it in shoppes for Physick but also in fine Cakes Iunkettes and other meates as Plinie writeth That whiche floweth out of the Laserpitium that groweth in Media and Syria is of a very lothsome and stinking sauour †The Place Laserpitium groweth on the high mountaynes and desertes of Cyrene and Aphrica and this is the best and chiefest and it yeeldeth a liquor which is very good and of a pleasant smell It groweth also in Syria Media Armenia and Lybia but the iuyce or liquor thereof is not so good but is of a very lothsome detestable and abominable smell †The Names This plant is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 In Latine Laser and Laserpitium of some as witnesseth Dioscorides Magudaris especially that whiche yeeldeth no liquor as in Lybia The stalkes of the right Laserpitium are called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and in Latine Silphium The rootes are called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and Magudaris The first leaues that spring vp out of the ground are called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Maspetū The iuyce or liquor of Laserpitium is called in Latine Laser and of the Arabian Physitions Asa or Assa The iuyce whiche floweth from the stalkes is called of Plinie Caulias and of Gaza the interpreter of Theophrastus Scaparium Laser That whiche floweth from the rootes is called Rhizias of Gaza Radicarium Laser The sweete sauering gumme or liquor is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Succus Cyrenaicus or Laser Cyrenaicum of some Asa Adorata vnknowen in Shoppes for that whiche they take for Laser as all the learned men of our tyme thinke is called of the Apothecaries Gummi benzui or Belzui or Assa dulcis in Englishe Belzoin or Benzoin in Frenche Benioin and it is not Laser but the gumme or liquor of a certayne great tree to vs vnknowen as the trauelers do affirme and as it doth manifestly appeare by the thicke peeces of barke and wood which is often found in and amongst the Benzoin that it cannot be the gumme or liquor of an herbe that perisheth yerely That Laser whiche commeth from Media is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Laser Medicum or Succus Medicus That whiche commeth from Syria is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Laser Syriacum These two last recited kindes of Laser that come from Syria and Media bycause of their lothsome sauour are called of the Arabian Physitions and Apothecaries Assa foetida in Englishe also Assa fetida in high Douche Teufels dreck that is to say Deuilles durt it is called in Brabant by a very strange name Fierilonfonsa †The Nature Laserpitium especially the roote is hoate and drie in the thirde degree Laser is also hoate and drie in the thirde degree but it exceedeth muche the heate of the leaues stalkes and rootes of Laserpitium †The Vertues The rootes of Laserpitium are very good as Dioscorides and Galen writeth to be dronken against alpoyson and a little of the same eaten with meat or taken with salte causeth one to haue a good and sweete breath The leaues of this plante as Plinie writeth boyled in wine and dronken mundifieth the Matrix and driueth foorth the Secondine and the dead fruit The rootes well pounde or stamped with Oyle scattereth clotted blood taketh away blacke and blewe markes that come of bruses or stripes cureth and dissolueth the kinges euill and all harde swellinges and Botches the places being annoynted or playstered therewith The same roote made into powder and made into a playster with the Oyle of Ireos and waxe doth both swage and cure the Sciatica or gowte of the hippe or huckle bone The same boyled with the pilles of pome Granattes and vineger doth cure the Hemorhoides and taketh away the great wartes all other superfluous outgrowinges about the fundement It hath the same vertue if one foment or bathe the fundement with the Decoction of the same rootes boyled in water They do also mundifie and clense the breast it dissolueth and ripeth tough flegme and it is very profitable against an olde cough comming of colde to be taken with hony in maner of a Lohoc or electuarie They prouoke vrine they mundife and clense the kidneyes and bladder they breake and driue foorth the Stone they moue the flowres and expulse the Secondine and the dead fruit If they be holden in the mouth and chewed vpon they swage tooth ache and drawe from the brayne a great quantitie of humours The liquor or gumme of Laserpitium especially of Cyrene broken and dissolued in water and dronken taketh away and cureth the hoarsenesse that cōmeth sodenly and being supt vp with a reare Egge it cureth the cough and taken with some good broth or supping it is good against an olde Pleurisie Laser cureth the Iaunders and Dropsie taken with dryed figges It is very good agaynst Crampes and the drawing togyther or shrincking of sinewes and other members to be taken the quantitie of a scruple and takē with Pepper Myrthe it prouoketh the flowres and driueth foorth the Secondine and dead fruit To be taken with Hony and vineger or with Syrupus Acetosus it is singuler agaynst the falling sicknesse It is good against the flixe of the belly comming of the debilitie and weakenesse of the stomacke which disease is called in Latine Coeliacus morbus with the skinne or rather the kernelles of raysons It driueth away the shakinges shiueringes of agues to be dronken with Wine Pepper
and Franckencense And they make thereof an Electuarie with Pepper Ginger and the leaues of Rue pounde togyther with hony the which is called Antidotum ex succo Cyreniaco the whiche is a singuler medicine against Feuer Quartaynes It is good against the bytinges of al venimous beastes and venimous shot of dartes and arrowes to be taken inwardly and applied outwardly vpon the woundes It is also very profitable layde to all woundes and bytinges of Dogges and other madde beastes and vpon the stinging Scorpions It quickeneth the sight and taketh away the hawe or webbe in the eyes at the first comming of the same if it be straked vpon them with hony Dioscorides saith that if it be put into the hollownesse of corrupt noughty teeth it taketh away the ache and payne of them but Plinie bringeth agaynst the same the experience of a certayne man who hauing tried the same for the extreame rigour anguishe he felt after that medicine threw him selfe downe headlong from aloft Neuerthelesse if it be wrapped with Frankencense in a fine linnen cloute and holden vpon the teeth it cureth the ache of the same or els the Decoction thereof with figges and hysope boyled togyther in water and holden or kept in the mouth Being layde to with hony it stayeth the vuula and cureth the Squinance if it be gargled with Hydromell or Mede and if it be gargled with vineger and kept in the mouth it will cause the Horseleaches or Loughleaches to fall of which happen to cleaue fast in the throote or wesande of any man It breaketh Pestilentiall Impostemes and Carboncles being layd thereto with Rue Niter hony after the same manner it taketh away Cornes when that they haue ben scarrified rounde about with a fine knife Being layd to with Copperous Verdigris it taketh away al superfluous outgrowinges of flesh and the Polypus growing in the Nosthrilles and all scuruie manginesse and layde to with vineger Pepper and wine it cureth the noughtie scurffe of the head and the falling of of heare If it be boyled in vineger with the pil of the Pomegarnet it taketh away al outgrowinges which chaunce in the fundement Against kybed heeles they first bathe the heeles or feete with wine than they annoynt the kybes with this gumme boyled in oyle The stinking gumme called Assa foetida is good for al purposes aforesayde howbeit it is not so good as the Laser of Cyrene yet it is very good to smell vnto or to be layd vpon the Nauell against the choking or rising vp of the mother They vse Benzoin in steede of Laser Cyrenaicum for all the purposes aforesayde that be attributed vnto sweete Laser †The Choyse The best Laser is that which is reddish cleare and bright and sauering like Myrrhe not greenish and of a good and pleasant smel the which being dissolued waxeth white Of Sagapenum Chap. cxiij SAgapenum the is sap or gumme of a kinde of Ferula or Kix like vnto Panax growing in Media altogyther vnprofitable sauing for that gumme or liquor that is drawen out of it And the best is that which as Mesue sayth doth melt by and by in the water and sauereth like garlike or betwixt Laser and Galbanum as Dioscorides saith whiche is sharpe and cleare of a yellowishe colour without and white within †The Names This gumme is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Sagapenum and Sagapeniū of Plinie Sacopenium of Galen 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is Sagapeni Succus They call it in shoppes Serapinum †The Nature Sagapenum is hoate in the thirde degree and drye in the seconde †The Vertues Sagapenum taken the waight of a dram purgeth by siege tough slymie humours and al grosse flegme and choler Also it is good against al olde cold diseases that are harde to cure it purgeth the brayne and is very good against all the diseases of the head and against the Apoplexie and Epilepsie To be taken in the same sorte it is good against Crampes Paulsies shrinkinges and paynes of the sinewes It is good against the shortnesse of breath the colde long and olde cough the paynes in the side and breast for it doth mundifie and clense the breast of al cold mentes or flegme It doth also cure the hardnesse stoppinges and windinesse of the melte or splene not onely taken inwardly but also to be applyed outwardly in oyntplaysters It is good against the shakinges and brusinges of olde and colde Feuers If Sagapenum be dronken with honyed water it prouoketh the flowers and deliuereth the dead Childe And to be taken with wine it is of great force against the bytinges and stinginges of all venimous beastes The sente or fauour of this gumme is very good against the strangling or vprising of the mother Sagapenum soked or stieped in vineger scattereth dissolueth and putteth cleane away all harde olde colde swellinges tumoures Botches and harde lumpes growing about the ioyntes And it is good to be be mingled amongst all oyntmentes and emplaysters that are made to mollifie and soften It cleareth the sight at the beginning it taketh away the hawe or webbe in the eye al spottes or blottes in the same if it be dropped into the eyes with the iuyce of Rue it is also good agaynst the bloodshoting and dinnesse of the same which commeth by the occasion of grosse humors Of Galbanum Chap. cxiiii GAlbanum is also a gumme or liquor drawen foorth of a kinde of Ferula in Syria called Metopium And the best is gristel or betwixt hard and soft very pure fat close and firme without any stickes or splinters of wood amongst the same sauing a fewe seedes of Ferula of a strong sauour not moyst nor to drye †The Place The plant out of which Galbanum floweth groweth vpon the mountayne Amanus in Syria †The Names Plinie calleth y◠plant out of which Galbanū floweth in Latine Stagonitis The liquor or gumme is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine and in shoppes Galbanum of some also Metopium †The Nature Galbanum is hoate almost in the third degree drie almost in the seconde ⧠The Vertues Galbanum is good against an olde cough and for such as are short winded and cannot easily drawe their breath but are alwayes panting and breathing It is very good for such as are broken and brused within against Crampes and shrinking of sinewes The same dronken in wine with Myrrhe is good against al venome dronken or shot into the body with venimous Dartes Shaftes or Arrowes To be taken in the same manner it prouoketh the termes and deliuereth the dead childe It hath the same vertue if it be conueyed into the secrete place or if a perfume therof be receiued at the place cōuenient and if the quantitie of a beane thereof be taken in a glasse of wine it helpeth against the payneful trauell of women as Plinie sayth The parfume or sent thereof driueth away Serpentes frō the
The cause of the Name Peonie tooke his name first of that good old man Paeon a very ancient Physition who first taught the knowledge of of this herbe Paeonia mas Male Peonie Paeonia foemina Female Peonie †The Vertues The roote of Peonie dried and the quantitie of a Beane of the same dronken with Meade called Hydromel bringeth downe womēs flowers scoureth the mother of women brought a bed and appeaseth the griping paynes and tormentes of the belly The same openeth the stopping of the liuer and the kidneyes and sod with red wine stoppeth the belly The roote of the male Peonie hanged about the necke healeth the falling sicknesse as Galen and many other haue proued especially in young children Ten or twelue of the red seedes dronken with thicke and rough red wine doth stop the red issues of women Fiftene or sixtene of the blacke cornes or seedes dronkē in wine or Meade helpeth the strangling and paynes of the Matrix or mother and is a speciall good remedie for them that are troubled with the night Mare which is a disease wherin men seeme to be oppressed in the night as with some great burthē and sometimes to be ouercome with their enimies and it is good against melancholique dreames Of Valerian / Phu or Setwal Chap. xvij †The Kyndes THere be two fortes of Valerian the garden and wilde and the wilde Valerian is of two kindes the great and small Besides all these there is yet a strange kinde the which is nowe called Greeke Valerian 1. Valeriana hortensis Setwall or garden Valerian 2. Valeriana syluestris maior The greater wilde Valerian †The Description SEtwall or garden Valerian at the first hath broade leaues of a whitish greene colour amongst which there commeth vp a round holow plaine and a knottie stalke Vppon the whiche stalkes there groweth leaues spread abroade and cut lyke leaues of the roote called garden Parsenep at the highest of the stalke groweth tuffets of Corones with white flowers of a light blew or carnation colour at the beginning and afterwarde white The roote is as thicke as a finger with little rootes and threddes adioyning therevnto The great wilde Valerian is almost lyke to the garden Valerian it hath also playne round holow stalkes diuided with knottes The leaues are lyke desplayed winges made of many smal leaues set one against another lyke the leaues of Setwall or garden Valerian whiche growe at the vpper part of the stalke but much greater and more clouē or cut The flowers grow and are like to the garden kinde of a colour drawing towardes a light blew or skye colour The roote is tender winding and trayling here and there and putting foorth euery yere newe plantes or springes in sundrie places The little wilde Valerian is very wel like the right great Valerian but it is alwayes lesse The first and neathermost leaues are like the litle leaues of Plantaine the rest which grow about the stalke are very much and deepely cut very wel lyke to the leaues of wilde Valerian or like the leaues which grow about the stalkes of gardē Valerian The stalkes be round with ioyntes about the length of a hande The flowers be like to the flouers of the aforesaid kindes The rootes be smal creeping alongst the grounde The Greekish Valerian hath two or three holow stalkes or moe vpon the which groweth spread leaues almost lyke the leaues of wilde Valerian but longer narrower and more finely cut lyke the leaues of the wylde Fetche but somewhat bigger The flowers grow thicke clustering togither at the top of the stalke of a light Azure or blew color parted into fiue litle leaues hauing in the midle smal white threddes pointed with a litle yellow at the tops The seede is small growing in round huskes The rootes are nothing els like but smal threds †The Place The garden Valerian and Greeke Valerian are sowen planted in gardens The other two kindes grow here in moyst places and in watery medowes lying low ⧠The Tyme The three first kindes of Valerian do flower from May to August The Greeke Valerian doth flower most commonly in Iune and Iuly †The Names The first kinde of these herbes is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Phu in Latine Valeriana and Nardus syluestris or Nardus rustica in shoppes Valeriana domestica or Valeriana hortēsis of some in these dayes Marinella Genicularis and Herba benedicta in Frenche Valeriane in high Douche Grosz Baldrian in base Almaigne tāme or groote Valeriā of some S. Ioris cruyt or Speercruyt that is to say Spearwurte or Speare herbe bycause his first leaues at their first comming vp in making are lyke to the Iron or head of a Speare in English Setwal or Sydwall The second kinde is called Valeriana syluestris Phu syluestre and Valeriana syluestris maior in Frenche grande Valerian sauuage in high Douch wilde Baldriā Katzenwurtzel Augenwurtz Wendwurtz Dennenmarcke in base Almaigne wilde Valeriane in English the great wilde Valerian The third is a kinde of wilde Valerian and therefore we do call it Valeriane syluestris minor that is to say the small wilde Valerian and also Phy paruum and Valeriana minor 3. Phu paruum Valeriana syluestris rainor The smal wild Valerian 4. Phu Gręcū Valeriana peregrina Greekish Valerian The fourth is called of the Herboristes of our time Phu Gręcum Valeriana Graeca that is to say Greekish or Greke Valerian it may be wel called Valeriana peregrina or Pseudophu for this is no Valerian but some other strange herbe the which we cannot compare to any of the herbes described by Dioscorides except it be the right Auricula muris for the which it is taken of some †The Nature The roote of Valerian is hoate and drie in the seconde degree †The Vertues The decoction of the rootes of Setwal dronken prouoketh vrine bringeth downe womens flowers and helpeth the ache and paynes of the side and stomacke They be of like vertue being made in powder and dronke in wine And they be put into preseruatiues and medicines made agaynst poyson and the pestilence as Tryacles and Mithridats The leaues rootes of the great wilde Valerian boyled in water do heale the vlceration and blistring of the mouth especially the roughnesse and inflammation of the throte if one washe his mouth or gargarize therewith Men do vse to giue it with great profit in drēches to such as are burstē wtin The two other Valerians be not vsed in medicine English men vse Greeke Valerian against cuttes and woundes Rosesenting Roote Rosesmelling Roote Of Rosewurte or Rhodia Chap. xviij †The Description ROsewurte hath three or foure stalkes growing frō the roote set ful of thicke leaues lyke the leaues of Lyblong or Crassula maior but they are more narrower cut or hackt at the top The roote is thicke hauing many smal hearie threddes whan it is eyther bruysed or bursten it doth sente and sauor like the Rose
Latine Clematis altera Ambuxum Epigetis and of some of our tyme Flammula The seconde is also accounted to be Clematis altera bycause of the lykenesse it hath with the other albeit his leaues do not muche bite vpon the tongue The thirde is nowe called Vitalba in Frenche Viorne in high Douch Lijnen or Lenen and of some Waldreben Some learned men take this herbe for a kinde of Clematis altera although his leaues lykewise haue no very great byting sharpnesse vpon the tongue Wherefore it shoulde be rather iudged of me to be more lyke the herbe whiche men call in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Cyclaminus altera of some Cissanthemon and Ciffophilon whereof we haue written before in the eleuenth Chapter of this thirde booke ⧠The Nature The leaues of Clematis altera are hoate in the beginning of the fourth degree †The Vertues The seede of Clematis altera taken with water or Mede made with water and honie purgeth downewarde cholerique humours with grosse and tough fleme as sayth Dioscorides The leaues being layde vppon doth take away and heale the scurffe and leprie The fruite of Cyclaminus altera dronken with white wine fourtie dayes togither doth heale the stoppinges and hardnesse of the Melte or Splene purging the same both by siege and vrine And is profitable for them that are short winded to be taken into the body Of Iuye Chap. xlix †The Kyndes THere be three kindes of Iuye as Dioscorides writeth The first hath a white fruite and is vnknowen vnto vs. The seconde beareth a blacke or yellowish fruite and of this kinde there groweth great plentie in this Countrie The thirde kinde is small and creepeth along vpon the grounde and this kinde bringeth no fruite Hedera nigra Blacke Iuye Hedera Helix Smal Iuye Barren Iuye †The Description THE blacke Iuye hath harde wooddy branches couered with a graye thicke barke whereby it embraceth and taketh holde vpon walles old houses and buildinges also about trees and hedges and all thinges els that it meeteth withal The leaues be harde playne of a browne greene colour triangled at the beginning and after when they be more elder they waxe somthing rounder The flowers grow at the top or highest part of the branches vpō long straight stemmes many togither like a round nosegay of a pale color after they turne into round beries about the quantitie of a pease clustering togither greene at the beginning but afterwarde when they be ripe they waxe blacke The thirde kinde is not muche vnlyke the Iuie abouesayde but that his branches are both smaller and tenderer not lifting or bearing it selfe vpwarde as the other kinde but creeping alongst by the grounde The leaues are most commonly three square of a blackish greene and at the ende of sommer about Autumne they are betwixt browne and red vpon one side this Iuie hath neyther flowers nor fruite ¶ The Place The blacke Iuie groweth in all partes of this Countrie vppon olde buyldinges houses walles tyles or coueringes of houses and vppon trees and hedges about the which it embraceth and taketh holde fast The small Iuie groweth in woodes and creepeth alongst the grounde amongst the mosse †The Tyme The blacke Iuie flowreth in sommer and the fruite is rype in winter †The Names Iuie is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and of some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Hedera in high Douche Ephew or Eppich in base Almaigne Veyl The first kinde whiche is vnto vs vnknowen is called Hedera alba and of Plinie Hedera foemina The seconde kinde is called Hedera nigra and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Dionysia of Plinie Hedera mas and that kinde whiche embraceth trees is called of men in these dayes Hedera arborea and that which groweth vpon walles Hedera muralis in French Lyarre noir in high Douch Schwartzer Eppich and Maur Ephew or Baum Ephew in base Almaigne Veyl and Boom Veyl or Muer Veyl The third kinde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Clauicula and Hederula in French Petit Lyarre in high Douthe Klein Ephew in base Almaigne Cleyne Veyl †The cause of the Name Iuie is called in Greeke Cissos bycause of a certaine Mayden or Damsell whose name was Cissus the whiche at a feast or banquet wherevnto the Goddes were al bidden so daunced before Bacchus and kissed him often making suche mirth and ioy that being ouercome with the same fel to the ground and killed her selfe But as soone as the earth knew therof she brought foorth immediatly the Iuie bushe bearing still the name of the yong Damosel Cissus the which as soone as it groweth vp a litle commeth to embrace the Vine in remembrance that the Damosell Cissus was wonte so to loue and embrace Bacchus the God of wine †The Nature The Iuie is partly colde drie and astringent and partly hoate and sharpe Moreouer being greene it hath a certayne superfluous moystnesse and humiditie the which vanisheth when it is drie †The Vertues The leaues of Iuie boyled in wine do cure great woundes and vlcers and do stay corrupt vlcers and fretting sores The same ordered as is aforesaid wel stampt or pound layd to healeth burninges and scaldinges that chaunce eyther by hoate water or fier The same boyled in vineger health the hardnesse and stopping of the melt or splene if it be layde therevpon The iuyce of the leaues and fruite drawen or snift vp into the nose purgeth the brayne and causeth slymie or tough fleme and other cold humours wherewithall the brayne is charged to issue foorth The same put into the eares stayeth the running humours of the same and healeth vlcers and the corrupt sores happening in the same and it doth the lyke to the sores and vlcers in the nose The same layd to by it selfe or with oyle of roses is very profitable against the olde greeues of the head The flowers of Iuye layde to in manner of a playster with oyle and waxe healeth all burninges The decoction of the same flowers made in wine and dronke twise a day healeth the dangerous flixe called Dysenterie Fiue Iuie beries boyled with oyle of roses in the pille of a Pomgarnet This oyle doth cure and helpe the toothach being put into the eare on the contrarie syde where the payne of the teeth is The gumme of Iuy kylleth Lyce and Nittes And being layde to it taketh away heare from the place you lay it vpon ⧠The Danger The fruite of Iuye taken in to great a quantitie weakeneth the hart and troubleth the sense and vnderstanding The vse therof is also very dangerous for women especially for women with childe and such as are newly deliuered Of grounde Iuye Chap. l. †The Description GRounde Iuye hath many square tender stalkes growing foorth from a roote full of threddes or stringes vppon whiche growe leaues somewhat rounde vneuen and indented rounde about of a strong smell and bitter taste smaller rounder and tenderer
when the sede is ripe the heades do open aboue vnder the shel or scale whiche couereth the sayde heades And afterwarde the seede falleth out easily whiche happeneth not to the other two Poppies whose heades remayne alwayes close There droppeth or runneth out of Poppie a liquor as white as milke when the heades be pearced or hurt the whiche is called Opium and men gather and drie it and is kept of the Apothecaries in their shoppes to serue in medicine †The Place Al these kindes of Poppie are sowen in this Countrie in gardens The third kind is very common insomuch as it is sowen in many feelds for the commoditie and profite which commeth of the seede In Apulia and Spayne and other hoate Countries they gather the iuyce whiche is the Opium that men of this Countrie put in medicines †The Tyme It flowreth most commonly in Iune †The Names Poppie is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine and in shoppes Papauer of some Oxytonon Prosopon Lethe Lethusa and Onitron in high Almaigne Magsamen Moen Magle and Olmag in base Almaigne Huel of some Mancop The iuyce of Poppie is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine in shoppes Opium The first kind is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Papauer satiuum of some Thylacitis in shoppes Papaueralbum in Frenche Pauot cultiué blanc in Almaigne Witten Huel and Tammen Huel in Englishe White Poppie and Garden Poppie The seconde kind Dioscorides calleth 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and Papauer syluestre erraticum some also cal it Pithitis in Shoppes Papauer nigrum magnum of the vnlearned Papauer rubrum and according to the same the Frenchmen call it Pauot rouge in Douche Rooden Huel in Englishe Blacke Poppie and Wilde Poppie The thirde sorte is also taken for a kinde of wilde Poppie and is called in Shoppes Papauer commune and Papauer nigrum that is to say Common Poppie and blacke Poppie in Douche Huel This should seeme to be Poppie Rhoeas that is to say Flowing and falling bycause the seede thereof floweth out when it is ripe whiche chanceth to none of the other kindes as is abouesayde †The Nature Al the Poppies be colde and drie almost euen harde to the fourth degree Opium is colde and drie almost harde to the fourth degree †The Vertues The decoction of the leaues and heades of Poppie made in water dronke causeth fleepe It hath the lyke vertue if the head and handes be washed therwith Of the heades boyled in water is made a Syrupe whiche doth also cause sleepe and is very good agaynst the subtil Rheumes and Catharrhes that distill and fal downe from the brayne vpon the lunges and against the cough taking his beginning of such subtil humours The seede of blacke Poppie dronke in wine stoppeth the fluxe of the belly and the vnreasonable course of womens issues if it be mingled with water and layde to the forehead it will cause sleepe also A playster is made with the greene knoppes or heades of Poppie before it is ripe parched barley meale the which is good to be layde vpon the disease named in Latine Ignis sacer and hoate tumours which haue neede of cooling Opium that is the iuyce of Poppie dried taken in quantitie of a fetche swageth all inwarde paynes causeth sleepe cureth the cough and stoppeth the flixe The same layde to with Oyle of Roses swageth headache and with Oyle of sweete Almondes Myrrhe and Saffron it healeth ache or payne of the cares With vineger it is good to be layde to the disease called Erysipelas or Wild fire and all other inflammations and with womans milke and Saffron it swageth the payne of the gowte The same put into the fundement as a Suppositorie bringeth or causeth sleepe To conclude in what manner soeuer Opium be taken eyther inwardly or outwardly it causeth sleepe and taketh away paynes Yet ye must take heede to vse it euer with discretion ⧠The Danger The vse of Poppie is very euill and dangerous and especially Opium the which taken excessiuely or to often applyed vpon the flesh outwardly or otherwise without good consideration and aduisement it wyll cause a man to sleepe to muche as though he had the Lethargie which is the forgetful sicknesse and bringeth foolish and doting fansies it corrupteth the sense and vnderstanding bringeth the Palsie and in fine it killeth the body †The Correction Whan by great necessitie ye are forced to vse Opium mixe Saffron with it for it shall let and somewhat hinder the euill qualitie of Opium in suche sort as it shall not so easily do harme as it woulde if Saffron were not mingled with it See Turners Herbal for the remedie against Opium lib. 2 fol. 76. Of Red Poppie / or Cornerose Chap. lxxxij †The Kindes THere be two sortes of red Poppie or Cornerose the great and the small differing onely in leaues but the flowers are lyke one another †The Description THE smal Cornerose or wild Poppie hath smal rough branches the leaues be somewhat long toothed rounde about not muche differing from the leaues of the other Poppie sauing that they be muche smaller and not smothe but rough The flowers be of a faire red colour not differing in figure from the flowers of the other Poppie with blacke threds in the midle After the falling of the flowers there rise heades muche smaller then the heades of Poppie and in proportion longer wherein is conteyned blacke seede The roote is long and yellowish Papauer Rhoeas Shadowie Poppie or red Poppie Papauer Rhoeas alterum Cornerose or shadding Poppie The great Cornerose hath large leaues very muche iagged or rather rent lyke to the leaues of white Senuey but alwayes longer and rougher The stalkes flowers and knoppes or heades are lyke to the smaller Cornerose The roote is great and whiter then the roote of the lesser Cornerose †The Place The Cornerose groweth amongst the Wheate Rye Otes and Barley The least is most common †The Tyme Cornerose flowreth in May and from that time foorth vntill the ende of sommer †The Names This kinde of wilde Poppie is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Papauer erraticum Papauer fluidum and Papauer Rhoeas in some Shoppes Papauer rubrum in Frenche Coquelicoc or Ponceau in high Douch Klapperrosen Kornrosen In base Almaigne Clapperroosen and Rooden Huel or wilden Huel And it is not without cause to be doubted whether the second Cornerose be a kinde of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Argemone or no. ⧠The Nature Corneroses do coole and refreshe also and are of complexion muche lyke Poppie Fiue or sixe heades of wilde Poppie or Cornerose boyled in wine dronke causeth sleepe Like vertue hath the seede taken with hony The leaues with the greene heades brused togither are very good to be layde vpon all euil hoate swellinges and vlcers and vpon Crysipeles or wild fire as the other Poppies are Of Horned
lyke the other but in the corne feldes the borders therof is a noughty hurtful weede to corne the which the husbandmen would not willingly haue in their lande or feeldes therfore they take much payne to weede and plucke vp the same †The Names This grasse is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Agrostis bycause it groweth in the Gramen Couche grasse corne feeldes whiche are called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Agroi therfore men may easily iudge that the common grasse is not Agrostis This grasse is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Gramen in French Grame or Dent au chien in base Almaigne Ledtgras and Knoopgras and of the Countrie or husbandmen Poeen in Englishe Couche and Couche grasse †The Nature Couche grasse is colde and drie of complexion †The Vertues The roott of Couche grasse boyled in wine and dronken doth swage and heale the gnawing paynes of the belly prouoketh vrine bringeth forth grauel and is very profitable against the strangurie The same with his leaues newe brused healeth greene woundes and stoppeth blood if it be layde thereto Of wall Barley or way Bennet Chap. xlv †The Description PHoenix is a kind of vnprofitable Grasse in eare and leaues almost like Iuray or Darnel but smaller shorter It hath leaues meetely long and large almost like Barley but smaller The litter or stems is short full of ioyntes and reddish The eares growe in fashion like Iucay but the litle knoppes or eares stande not so farre asunder one from an other There is yet another grasse much like to the aforesaid the which groweth almost throughout al medowes and gardens Neuerthelesse his leaues be narrower the stalkes smaller and are neuer red but alwayes of a sad greene colour and so is all the residue of the plant whereby it may be very wel discerned frō the other Phoenix ¶ The Place Phoenix groweth in the borders or edges of feeldes and is founde in great quantitie in the Countrie of Liege or Luke And as Dioscorides writeth groweth vpon houses †The Tyme Phoenix is ripe in Iuly and August as other grayne is †The Names This herbe is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Phoenix and of some Lolium rubrum in Englishe Wall Barley or Way Bennet it may be called Red-Ray or Darnell †The Nature Phoenix drieth without sharpnesse as Galen writeth †The Vertues Phoenix taken with red wine stoppeth the fluxe of the belly and the abundant running of womens flowers and also the inuoluntarie running of vrine Some do write that this herbe wrapped in a Crymson skinne or peece of leather and bounde fast to a mans body stoppeth bleeding Of Hauer Grasse Chap. xlvi †The Description BRomus or Hauergrasse is also an vnprofitable grasse much like to Otes in leaues stemmes and eares sauing that the grasse or leaues be smaller the stalkes or motes be both shorter and smaller and the eares are longer rougher more bristeled or bearded standing farther asunder one from the other †The Place It groweth in the borders of feeldes vpon bankes and Rampers alongst by way sides †The Tyme It is to be found in eare wel neare all the sommer †The Names This herbe is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Bromus and as a difference from Otes whose Greeke name is Bromus they put to this addition 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Bromus herba and Auena herba It had this name first bycause of the likenesse it hath with Otes it is called in Frenche Aueron or Aueneron we may call it in Englishe Hauer or Ote grasse Bromus †The Nature Bromus is of a drie complexion †The Vertues This herbe and his roote boyled in water vntil the third part be consumed and afterwarde the same decoction boyled agayne with hony vntill it waxe thicke is good to take away the smel or stenche of the sores in the nose if it be put in with a weeke or matche but especially if you put to it Aloes The same also boyled in wine with dried roses amendeth the corrupt smell of the mouthe if it be washed throughly therwithall Of Stitchwurt Chap. xlvij †The Description THis herbe hath round tender stalkes ful of knots or ioyntes creeping by the ground at euery ioynt grow two leaues one against another hard brode and sharpe at the endes The flowers be white diuided into fiue small leaues when they be fallen away there growe vp litle round heades or knoppes not much vnlike the knops or heades of Line wherin the seede is The rootes be small and knottie creeping hither and thither †The Place It groweth in this Countrie alongst the fieldes and vnder hedges and busshes †The Tyme A man may finde it in flowers in Aprill and May. †The Names This herbe hath the likenesse of the herbe called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Crataeogonum Crataeonum and Crataeus it is called in high Douche Augentroostgras and the Brabanders folowing the same call it Oogentroostgras that is to say Grasse comforting the eyes And may wel be named Gramen Leucanthemum ⧠The Nature The seede of Crataeogonum heateth and dryeth †The Vertues Men haue written that if a woman drinke the seede of Crataeogonum three daies togither fasting after the purging of her flowers that the childe which she may happen to conceiue within fourtie dayes after shal be a man childe Gramen Leucanthemum Of Gupleuros Chap. xlviij †The Description BVpleuron hath long narrowe leaues longer larger then the blades of grasse otherwise not muche vnlyke The stalkes be of a three or foure foote long or more rounde vpright thicke full of ioyntes the whiche do part and diuide agayne into many branches at the toppe whereof there growe yellow flowers in round tuftes or heades afterward the seede whiche is somewhat long There is another herbe much like to the aforesayd in fashion and growing sauing that his leaues which are next the grounde are somewhat larger the stemme or stalke is shorter and the roote is bigger and of a wooddy substance in al thinges els lyke to the aforesayde ¶ The Place This herbe groweth not of it selfe in this Countrie but the Herboristes do sowe it in their gardens The seconde is founde in the borders of Languedoc †The Tyme It flowreth and bringeth foorth seede in Iuly and August †The Names The first is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Bupleurum we know none other name The seconde sort is called of the Herboristes of Prouince Auricula Leporis It is very lyke that which Valerius Cordus nameth Isophyllon Bupleuri prima species The first kind of Bupleures Bupleurialtera species The second kind of Bupleures †The Nature Buplerum is temperate in heate and drynesse †The Vertues This herbe in time past was vsed as pot herbe and counted of Hippocrates as a conuenient food as Plinie writeth The leaues of the same
hoate and drie almost in the fourth degree †The Vertues Garlyke eaten rawe and fasting nourisheth not but contrariewise it ingendreth euill blood bycause of his exceeding heate Neuerthelesse being boyled vntil it hath lost his sharpnesse it engendreth not so euil blood and although it nourisheth but litle yet it nourisheth more then when it is eaten rawe It is good for suche people as are full of grosse rawe and tough humours for it wasteth and consumeth colde humours It dispatcheth windinesse openeth al stoppinges killeth and driueth foorth brode wormes and prouoketh vrine It is good against all venome poyson taken in meates or boyled in wine and dronken for of his owne nature it withstandeth al poyson in so much that it driueth away all venemous beastes from the place where it is Therefore Galen prince of Physitions called it poore mens Treacle It is layde with great profite to the bitinges of mad Dogges and vpon the bitinges stinginges of venemous beastes as Spiders Scorpions Vipers and suche lyke and for the same purpose it auayleth muche to drinke the decoction or broth of Garlyke sodde in wine It is also good to keepe such from danger of sicknesse as are forced to drinke of diuers sortes of corrupt waters The same eaten raw or boyled cleareth the voyce cureth the old cough and is very good for them that haue the Dropsie for it drieth the stomacke and consumeth the water and doth not much alter nor distemper the body The decoction thereof made with Orygan and wine being dronken killeth lyce and nittes It is very good against the tooth ache for it slaketh the same pounde with vineger laid to the teeth or boyled in water with a litle incence the mouth washed therewith or put into the holownesse of the corrupt teeth It is of the same vertue mixt with goose grease and powred into the eares The same brused betwixt the handes and layde to the temples slaketh the olde headache The same burned into ashes mingled with hony healeth the wild scabbe and scurffe of the head and the falling of the heare being layde therevpon Layde to in the same manner it healeth blacke and blewe scarres that remayne after bruses and stripes It is also good against the fowle white scurffe leprie and running vlcers of the head and all other manginesse pounde with oyle and salte and layde there vpon Also it is good against the hoate inflammation called wilde fier which is a spreading scabbe lyke a tetter With Swines grease in wafteth and dissolueth harde swellinges and layd to with Sulpher and Rosen it draweth foorth the euill qualitie or noughtie humour from fistulas as Plinie writeth It moueth womens natural sicknes driueth foorth the secondine if women sit ouer the decoction thereof or if it be cast vpon the quicke coles and women receiue the fume of it through a fonnel or holow stole They cure the pipe or roupe of Pultrie and Chickens with Garlyke †The Danger Garlyke is hurtfull and nought for cholerique people and suche as be of a hoate complexion it hurteth the eyes and sight the head and kidneyes It is also nought for women with childe and suche as giue sucke to children Of Sauwce alone or Iacke by the hedge Chap. lxxij †The Description THis herbe at his first springing vp hath roundish leaues almost lyke to Marche violettes but much greater and larger of a paler color Amōgst those leaues cōmeth vp the stalke of two foote high with longer and narrower leaues then the first were and creuised or iagged about not much vnlike the Nettle leaues but greater The whiche beyng brused betweene the fingers haue the sauour and smell of Garlyke About the highest of the stalke grow many small white flowers and after them long coddes or huskes wherein is blacke seede The roote is long slender and of wooddy substance ¶ The Place This herbe delighteth to growe in lowe vntoyled places as about the borders of medowes and moyst pasture groundes and somtimes in hedges and vpon walles †The Tyme This herbe flowreth most commonly in May and Iune and afterwarde commeth the seede Alliaria †The Names This herbe is called of the later writers in the Latine tongue Alliaria of some also Scordotis but this is not the true Scordotis the whiche is also called Scordium and is described in the first booke of this historie Pandectarius calleth it Pes Asininus it is named in French Alliaire in high Douch Knoblochkraut Leuchel or Saszkraut in base Almaigne Loock sonder loock in Englishe Sauce alone and Iacke by the hedge †The Nature This herbe is hoate and drie almost in the thirde degree fourth degree †The Vertues This herbe is not much vsed in medicine but some do vse it with meates in steede of garlyke The ignorant Apothecaries doo vse this herbe for Scordium not without errour as it is manifest to all such as are learned in the knowledge of Simples Of Onyons Chap. lxxiij ¶ The Kindes THere be diuers sortes of Onyons some white some red some long some rounde some great and some small but al of one sauour and propertie sauing that the one is a litle stronger then the other Yet they differ not in leaues flowers and seede †The Description THe Onyon hath leaues or blades almost like garlike holow within The stemmes be round vpon whiche grow rounde bawles or heades couered with little fine or tēder white skinnes out of which breake many white flowers lyke starres whiche turne into smal pellettes or buttons in whiche are contayned two or three blacke cornered seedes The roote is rounde or long made of many foldes pylles or coueringes growing one vpon another wherof the vpmost pilles or scales are thinnest In the neather part of the roote is a bearde of hearie rootes or stringes lyke a tassel †The Place They are sowen in euery garden of this Countrie but they loue a soft and gentle grounde †The Tyme They are commonly sowen in Februarie and March and are ful growen in August are then pluckt out of the ground to be kept And if they be plāted againe in December Ianuary or February then they wil blow in Iune and bring foorth in Iuly and August ⧠The Names The Onyon is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Cepa and Cepe in high Douche Zwibel in base Almaigne seede Ayeuyn †The Nature The Onyon is almost hoate in the fourth degree and rather of grosse then subtil partes Crommion Cepa Onyons †The Vertues The Onyon engendreth windynesse and causeth appetite and it doth scatter and make thinne grosse and clammie humours without nourishing especially to be eaten raw But being boyled twise or thrise it is nothing so sharpe and it nourisheth somewhat but not muche Onyons eaten in meate open the belly gently and prouoke vrine plentifully They open the Hemorrhoides so called in Greeke layd to the fundement or siege with oyle or vineger and so doth the iuyce or the whole
Onyon mingled with rosted apples and layde vpon the fundement with cotten Onyons sodden and layde to with Raysens and figges do ripe and breake wennes and suche lyke colde swellinges The iuyce of them dropped into the eyes cleareth the dimnesse of the sight and at the beginning remoueth the spottes cloudes and hawes of the eyes The same iuyce dropped into the eares is good agaynst deafenesse and the humming noyse or ringing of the same and is good to clense the eares from all filthinesse and corrupt matter of the same The same powred or snift vp into the nosethrilles causeth one to sneese and purgeth the brayne Being put vnder in a pessarie it bringeth out the flowers and secondine It is laide to the bitings of dogges with hony Rue salt with good successe It cureth the noughtie scabbe and itche the white spottes of all the body and also the scurffe and scales of the head and filleth agayne with heare the pylde places of the head being layde thereto in the Sonne The same layde to with Capons grease is good against the blisters of the feete and against the chafing and gaulling of the shoe †The Danger The often vse of Onyons causeth headache and ouermuche sleepe and is hurtfull to the eyes Of Leekes Chap. lxxiiij †The Description THE Leeke hath long brode blades folden togither with a keele or crest in the backside in taste and sauour not muche vnlyke the Onyon betwixt which leaues in the second yere groweth a rounde stemme whiche bringeth foorth a rounde head or bawle with his flowers lyke the Onyon and after the flowers it beareth seede in fashion lyke to Onyon seede but that it is of a grayishe colour The roote is white and lesser then a meane Onyon with a bearde or tassell of hearie stringes ¶ The Place The Leeke is planted almost in euery garden of this Countrie and is but seldome suffered to seede but the blades are cut almost euery day harde by the grounde to be daylye vsed in pottages and other meates and therefore it can vnethe or scarsely growe vp †The Tyme The Leeke flowreth in Maye and Iune a yeere after the sowing if it hath not bene cut for if it be continually cut it beareth very seldome flowers or seede and therefore some do write that the Leeke bringeth foorth neyther flowers nor seede whiche is vntrue for the Leeke whiche hath not bene cutte bryngeth foorth both flowers and seede Porrum ¶ The Names The Leeke is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Porrum in Frenche Poureau in high Douche Lauch in base Almaigne Paraye in Englishe a Leeke or Leekes The vncut Leeke is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Porrum capitatum that to say in Englishe the headded or knopped Leeke The cut Leeke is called of Columella and of Palladius in Latine Porrum sectiuum in Englishe Frenche Leeke vnset Leeke Mayden Leeke †The Nature The Leeke is hoate and drie in the third degree of Nature lyke the Onyon but not so strong ⧠The Vertues Leekes engender grosse and euill blood breede winde and cause heauie dreames especially to be eaten raw but boyled in water twise or thrise it wil be the better and more conuenient to be eaten It stirreth one to make water it maketh the humours fine and thinne and softeneth the belly The iuyce of Leekes dronken with hony is good agaynst the bitinges and stinginges of venemous beastes The iuyce of Leekes taken in an electuarie of Lohoc doth mundifie clense the breast causeth one to spet out and is good against hoarsenesse and the olde cough A bath of Leekes made with salt sea water prouoketh womens flowers openeth the stoppings of the Matrix and doth mollifie and soften all hardnesse of the same if they sit ouer the fume thereof The leaues or as we say the the blades of Leekes will stanche bleeding especially nosebleeding the same vertue hath the iuyce mingled with vineger and fine powder of Frankensence to be put into the nosethrilles The sede is good to be mingled and put into medicines that serue to breake the stone It stoppeth and stancheth all superfluous bleeding to be taken with the like quantitie of Myrtill berries †The Danger Leekes engender euil humours and windinesse they cause heauy and terrible dreames they darken the eye sight and are very hurtful for them that haue any exulcerations or goyng of of the skinne of the bladder or raynes Of Cyues / or Rushe Onions Leekes Chap. lxxv †The Description CYues or Rushe Onyons in the steede of leaues haue litle smal holowe slender piped blades lyke to smal Rushes growing thicke togither in taste not much vnlyke the taste of Leekes Amōgst the Rushlyke leaues growe smal rounde stemmes with smal bowles or rounde knopped heades like the bawle in the top of the seede Onyon but much smaller and ful of smal purple flowers The rootes be lyke to small Oniōs but a great deale smaller growing close and thicke togither ful of long hearie threds or stringes lyke the beard of the Onyons or leekes †The Place It is set in gardens amongst potte herbes or wurtes †The Time It flowreth in May and Iune a yere after the sowing new planting or setting Schoenoprasum †The Names This kinde of Leekes is called in English Cyues of Turner in Latine Cepa pallacana in greke Gethyū which he Englisheth by al these names a Cyue a Ciuet a Chyue or Sweth and giueth to the same a very strange figure but this kinde is called in French des Oignoncettes or Porrettes in high Douche Schnitlauch Bryszlauch in base Almaigne Biesloock that is to say Rushe Garlike bycause in steede of leaues it bringeth forth smal rushes like Crow Garlike It hath neither Greke nor Latine name that I knowe Therefore in folowing the Douche we doo call it in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and in Latine Scoenoprasum whiche may be Englished Rushe Leekes and if any man had called it in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 I without any presumption might haue called it Rushe Onyons Some take it to be Porrum sectiuum but it appeareth well by that whiche Columella and Palladius haue written howe shamefully they erre and by the same aucthoritie of Columella and Palladius we haue sufficiently proued in the former Chapter that the cut Leeke and the headed Leeke whiche is our common Leeke are al one and do come both of one seede and do differ but only in this that the one is suffered to growe and beare seede and the other is oftentimes cut †The Nature Cyues are hoate and drie in the thirde degree and of complexion or temperament lyke vnto Leekes †The Vertues Cyues are vsed in meates and Pottages euen as Leekes whiche they do resemble in operation and vertue Of wilde Bulbus / or wilde Onyon Chap. lxxvi †The Description THis herbe hath long leaues or blades lyke Garlyke but very seldome bringing foorth more thē two blades
a kinde of Orobanche and Limodorum The other kinde whiche is like to the aforesayde Naueau is called of Dioscorides in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Orobanche 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Limodorū of some other as of Photion also 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is Leguminū Leo. It hath no French nor Douche name that I knowe Turner lib. 2. fol. 72. calleth it Orobanche Choke fitche Strāgle tare Strangleweede Orobstrangler Choke weede †The Nature Broome is full hoate in the seconde degree and reacheth almost to the third degree it is scouring and of subtil partes †The Vertues The leaues branches and croppes of Broome boyled in wine or water are good for them that haue the dropsie and for all them that haue any stopping of the liuer the splene or melt the kidneyes or bladder for partly it purgeth driueth out of the belly and partly it purgeth by vrine all waterie tough and superfluous humours The seede is of the same vertue to be taken the quaniitie of a dramme or a dramme and a halfe The same seede is very good to be mixt with all medicines whiche prouoke vrine and breake the stone for by his subtill nature it helpeth the operation of other medicines seruing to the same purpose Broome flowers mingled with swines grease swageth the paynes of the gowte being applyed thereto This Broome hath al the vertues of Spanish Broome and it may be vsed against all such infirmities wherevnto Spanish Broome is required Broome Rape is counted of some Empiriques or practisioners in these dayes for an excellent medicine against the stone to prouoke vrine to be first boyled in wine and giuen to drinke for as they say it openeth the stoppings of the kidneyes prouoketh water breaketh the stone and driueth foorth grauell The freshe and greene iuyce of Broome Rape doth cure and heale al newe woundes and clenseth those that are corrupt rotten it may be lykewise vsed against other vlcers and corrupt sores for it mundifieth and bringeth them to healing And for the better preseruation of the same iuyce after it is pressed or taken out of the greene rootes ye must set it in the Sonne vntil it waxe thicke or ye must put to it a litle hony set it in the Sonne for then it wil be better more apt to mundifie clense woundes and rotten vlcers it may be also takē out of the rootes that be halfe dry with oyle wil serue to al intentes euē as the iuyce The same oyle of Broome Rape doth scoure and driue away al spottes lentiles freckles pimples wheales and pushes as well from the face as the rest of the body being often annoynted therewithall Dioscorides writeth that Orabanche may be eaten either rawe or boyled as the springes of Asparagus Of Spanish Groome Chap. vij †The Description THe Spanish Broome also hath wooddish stemmes from which grow foorth long slender plyant twigges the whiche be bare naked without leaues or at least hauing very few small leaues set here and there farre apart one from another The flowers be yellow not muche vnlyke the flowers of the common Broome after which it hath coddes wherin is the sede browne and flat lyke the other Broome seede There may be wel placed with this Broome a strange plant which beareth also long shutes or smal twigges of aswarte colour straight and vpon them are smal browne greene leaues alwaies three ioyned togither lyke the leaues of Trefoyle but smaller The flowers be yellowe rounde and cut into fiue or sixe partes in fashion not much vnlike the flowers of the common Buglosse afterwarde they do bring foorth graines or berries as bigge as a pease blacke when they be ripe in which is found the seede the which is flat as a Lentil seede The roote is long smal creping hither and thither vnder the earth putteth foorth new springes in sundry places †The Place This Broome groweth in drie places of Spayne and Languedoc and is not founde in this Countrie but in the gardens of Herboristes †The Time This kinde of Broome flowreth in this Countrie in Iune and somewhat after the seede is rype in August Genista Hispanica siue Italica Spanish and Italian Broome Genista peregrina Trifolia Trifolium fruticans †The Names This Broome is lykewise called in Latine Genista and sometime also Genistra of the Herboristes of this Countrie Genistra Hispanica in base Almaigne Spaensche Brem in English Spanish Broome and it is not 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Spartum whereof Dioscorides and Plinius do write The strange plante hath no name that I know for albeit some would haue it to be Cytisus this plant is nothing lyke thereto and is lykewise named Trifolium fruticans †The Nature Spanish Broome is hoate and drie of complexion †The Vertues The flowers and seede of Spanishe Broome are good to be dronken with mede or honyed water in the quantitie of a dram to cause one to vomit strongly euen as white Hellebor or Neesing powder but yet without ieopardie The seede taken alone looseth the belly for the quantitie bringeth foorth great plentie of waterie and tough humours Out of the twigges or litle brāches steeped in water is pressed forth a iuyce the whiche taken in quantie of a Ciat or litle glasse ful fasting is good against the Sqinansie that is a kind of swelling with heate and payne in the throte putting the sicke body in danger of choking also it is good against the Sciatica Of base Groome / or Woodwaxen Chap. viij †The Description THis Broome is not muche vnlyke the common Broom sauing that it is not so high nor so straight but lyeth along almost vpon the grounde with many small branches proceeding frō a wooddy stem and set with litle long small leaues and at the top with many faire yellow flowers not much vnlyke the flowers of the common Broome but smaller after them come narrow huskes or coddes wherein is a flatte seede The roote is harde and of wooddish substance like to the others †The Place This kinde of Broome groweth in vntoyled places that stande lowe and somtimes also in moyst Clay groundes It is founde about Anwarpe †The Tyme It flowreth in Iuly and August and sometimes after shortly after the seede is rype Genista humilis ⧠The Names This plante is doubtlesse a kinde of Broome and therefore it may be wel called in Latine Genista humilis in Italian Cerretta that is lowe and base Broome in base Almaigne Ackerbrem the high Germaynes do make of it Flos tinctorius that is to say the flower to staine or dye withal do terme it in their language Ferbblumen Geel Ferbblumen and Heyden smucke bycause the Dyers do vse of it to dy their clothes yellow in Englishe Woodwaxen and base Broome †The Nature This plante is of complexion hoate and drie †The Vertues Woodwaxen or base Broome in nature operation
the same intent or purpose For the same cause they vse to make a kinde of small cakes or bread in some Abbeys of Hollande against the cough with the iuyce of Lycorise mixt with Ginger and other spices but the same serueth but against olde coughes cold and the like infirmities chauncing to the lunges and breast The roote of Lycorise quencheth thirste doth coole and comfort the hoate and drie stomacke is good against the hoate diseases of the liuer to be chewed in the mouth or dronken in a decoction The same is good against the vlcers of the kidneyes and scabbes or sores of the bladder it cureth the sharpenesse and smarting of vrine and also the filthy corruption or mattering of the vrine being boyled in water and often dronken The same is good to be layde to with hony vppon the sores or vlcers of the outwarde partes for it cureth the same as Plinie writeth To conclude Lycorise and the iuyce therof is a very good and holsome medicine fit to asswage payne to soften and make whole very proper and agreable to the brest the lunges the raynes the kidneyes and bladder Of Rhamnus Chap. xxix ¶ The Kyndes AFter the opinion of Dioscorides there be three sortes of Rhamnus one with long fat and soft leaues the other hath white leaues and the third hath roundishe leaues and somewhat browne Rhamni secunda species The seconde kinde of Rhamnus Rhamni tertia species The thirde kinde of Rhamnus †The Description AL the kindes of Rhamnus are plantes of a wooddishe substance the whiche as Dioscorides writeth haue many straight twigges and branches set with sharpe thornes and prickles lyke the branches of white Thorne The first kinde of Rhamnus hath many long narrowe tender flat leaues amongst the whiche rise long harde and sharpe thornes The seconde kinde hath long narrow white leaues in proportion not much vnlyke Olyue leaues but muche smaller amongst whiche there growe shorte thornes with stiffe prickles The thirde kinde hath leaues somewhat broade and almost rounde of a brownishe colour drawing towardes red The thornie prickles of this kinde be neither so great nor yet so strong as the prickles of the first kinde The flowers be yellowishe the whiche past there commeth vp the fruite whiche is large and almost fashioned lyke to a wherrowe or buckler in the whiche lyeth the seede †The Place Rhamnus as Dioscorides writeth groweth in hedges and bushes The first kinde is not knowen in this Countrie but in Languedoc there groweth plentie The seconde kinde groweth in some partes of Germanie vppon banckes or diches by the Sea side especially in Flaunders where as in certayne places it groweth plentifully The thirde kinde is to be found in Brabant in the gardens of some Herboristes and there is store of it founde in the Countrie of Languedoc ⧠The Names This kinde of bushe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Rhamnus vnknowen in shoppes The thirde kinde of Rhamnus is called in Italy Christes thorne †The Nature The leaues of Rhamnus are drie in the seconde degree and colde almost in the first degree †The Vertues The leaues of Rhamnus do cure Erysipelas that is hoate and cholerique inflammations and consuming sores fretting vlcers when it is smal pounde and layde thereto The Physitions of Piemont haue found by experience that the seede of the thirde kinde of Rhamnus is very excellent against the grauell and the stone to be taken in the decoction or otherwise Some hold that the branches or bowes of Rhamnus stickte at mens dores and windowes do driue away Sorcerie and Enchauntmentes that Witches and Sorcerers do vse against men Of Bucke thorne / or Rheyn beries Chap. xxx †The Description THIS plante groweth in manner of a shrub or smal tree whereof the stemme is oftētimes as bigge as ones thigh the wood or timber whereof is yellow within and the barke is of the colour of a Chesnut almost like the barke of the Cherrie tree The branches be set with sharpe thornes both harde prickley and roundish leaues somwhat like the leaues of a gribble grabbe tree or wilding but smaller The flowers are white after whiche there come litle rounde berries at the first greene but afterwarde blacke †The Place This plante groweth in this Countrie in feeldes wooddes and hedges †The Tyme It flowreth in Maye and the fruite is ripe in September Rhamnus solutiuus recentiorum †The Names This thorne is called in Brabant Rhim besien doren in French Nerprun or Bourg espine in high Douche Weghedorn that is to say Way Thorne bycause it groweth alongst the high wayes and pathes in Latine of Matthiolus Spina infectoria and of some others Rhamnus solutiuus the whiche name I doo subscribe vnto bycause I knowe none other Latine name albeit it is nothing lyke to Rhamnus of Dioscorides or of Theophrastus therefore not the right Rhamnus The Italians do cal it Spino Merlo some cal it Spino ceruino Spin guerzo and of Valerius Cordus Cerui spina we may well call it in Englishe Bucke Thorne The fruite of the same thorne is called in Brabant Rhijnbesien that is to say in Latine Baccae Rhenanae in English Rheyn beries bycause there is much of them founde alongst the riuer Rhene in high Douche Weghedornbeer and Cruetzbeer †The Nature It is hoate and drie in the seconde degree †The Vertues The beries of Bucke thorne do purge downeward mightily driuing foorth tough fleme and cholerique humours and that with great force and violence and excesse so that they do very much trouble the body that receiueth the same and oftentimes do cause vomit Wherefore they be not meete to be ministred but to young strong and lustie people of the Countrie whiche do set more store of their money then their lyues But for weake fine and tender people these beries be very dangerous and hurtful bycause of their strong operation And also bycause hitherto there is nothing founde wherewithall to correct the violence thereof or to make it lesse hurtfull Of the same beries before they be rype soked or delayed in Allom water they make a fayre yellowe colour and when they be rype they make a greene colour the which is called in France Verd de vessie in high Douch Safftgrun in base Almaigne Sapgruen in English Sappe greene Of the White Thorne / or Hawthorne tree Chap. xxxi †The Description THE white Thorne most commonly groweth low and crooked wrapped and tangled as a hedge sometimes it groweth vpright after the manner and fashion of a tree and then it waxeth high as a Perrie or wilde Peare tree with a tronke or stemme of a conuenient bignesse wrapped or couered in a barke of gray or ashe colour The branches doo sometimes grow very long and vpright especially when it groweth in hedges and are set ful of long sharpe thornie prickles The leaues be brode and deepe cut in about the borders The flowers be white sweete
〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine in Shoppes Abrotonum in Italion and Spanish Abrotano yet some of them call it Hyerua Lombriguera in high Douch Stabwurtz Gertwurtz Garthagen Shoswurtz Kuttelkraut Affrusch in base Almaigne Aueroone in French Auronne The great Southrenwood is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Abrotonum foemina that is to say female Southrenwood in french Auronne femelle in high douch Stabwurtz weiblin in base Almaigne Aueroone wijfkē The small Southrenwood is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Abrotonum mas in French Aronne masle in high Douch Stabwurtz menelin in base Almaigne Aueroone manneken and clein Aueroone The thirde kinde seemeth to be that whiche Dioscorides calleth in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Abrotonum Siculum which is a kinde of female Southrenwood the highe Almaignes do call it Wolrieckende Stabwurtz that is to say sweete smelling or sauering Southrenwood ⧠The Nature All the Sothrenwoods are hoate dry in the third degree of subtill parts †The Vertues The seede of Sothrenwood either greene or drie made into pouder or boyled in water or wine dronken is very good and greatly helpeth suche as are troubled with shortnesse of winde and fetching of breath by meanes of any obstruction or stopping about the Breast and is good against the hardnesse bursting shrinking of Sinewes It is good against the Sciatica the difficultie and stopping of vrine and for women that cannot easily haue their termes or natural floures for by his subtill nature it hath power to expell waste cōsume and digest all colde moysture and tough slime and fleume stopping the splene kidneys bladder and Matrix Sothrenwood dronken in wine is good against such venome as is hurtfull vnto man and destroyeth wormes The perfume thereof driueth away all venemouse beastes and so doth the hearbe in all places whereas it is layde or strowen The asshes of Sothrenwood mingled with the oyles of Palma Christi rapes or old oyle Oliue restoreth the heare fallen from the head if the head be rubbed therewithall twise a day in the Sunne or against a fyre If the saide asshes be mingled with any the aforesaide oyles the chinne be rubbed therewithall it causeth the bearde to come forth speedely Sothrenwood pounde with a rosted Quince laide to the eyes in manner of a plaister is very good profitable against all the inflammation of the eyes The same pounde with Barley meale and boyled togither dothe dissolue waste all colde humours or swellings being applied or layde therevpon Sothrenwood stieped or soked in oyle is profitable to rubbe or annoint the body against the benomming of members taken with colde and the brusing or shyuering coldes that come by fittes like as in Agues Plinie writeth that if it be layde vnder the bedde pillow or bolster it prouoketh carnall copulation resisteth all enchantments which may let or hinder such businesse the inticements to the same †The Daunger Sothrenwood is a very hurtfull enimie to the stomacke wherefore Galen the chiefest of Physitions neuer gaue the same to be receiued into the body Of Wormwood Chap. ij †The Kindes THere be three sortes of Wormwood as Dioscorides saithe The first is our cōmon Wormwood The second is sea Wormwood the thirde kinde is that which is called Santonicum And bysides these there is founde an other kinde which is called in this countrey Romaine wormwood Absynthium Latifolium Common Wormwood Seriphium Sea Wormwood †The Description THe cōmon Wormwood hath leaues of a grayishe asshe colour very much cut iagged very bitter The stalke is of a wooddy substance of two cubites high or more full of braunches alongst the braunches groweth litle yellow buttons wherin when they are ripe ready to fall is found small seede like to the seede of garden Tansie but farre smaller The roote is likewise of a wooddy substance and full of small threedes or hearie rootes There is also founde in the gardens of some Herboristes of this countrey an other forte of this kinde of Wormwood the whiche is named of some men Absynthiū Ponticum much like to our cōmon wormwood sauing the leaues are much more iagged and finelier cut and not so bitter at the least way as that whiche is set and sowen in this countrey The second kinde whiche is the Sea Wormwood is also of a whitishe or gray colour and hath many whitish leaues much like to cōmon Wormwood but much smaller tenderer and whiter finelier cut it hath many floures like to small buttons the seede ioyning to the braunches like as in the common Wormwood It groweth to the heigth of a foote and halfe or more it is of a strong smell salt of a straunge bitter taste being gathered in his naturall proper place but being remoued into gardens or into groundes which are naturally holpē with sweete waters it doth maruelously alter both in sauour nature as diuers other herbes but especially such as grow in salt groundes are remoued frō their naturall soyle to some other place of a cōtrary kinde The thirde kinde of Wormwood called Santonicum is almost like to Sea Wormwood in his small tender and iagged leaues but the colour of this is whiter and the smell thereof is not so ranke WOrmwood Romayne is like the Wormwood aforesaide sauing that it is lower and smaller the leaues be also smaller and finer and not so white as the cōmon Wormewood but chaunging more towardes greene yet they turne somwhat grayish and ashe coloured It putteth forth yellow buttons the whiche afterwarde do bring forth both floures seede The roote is full of hearie threedes trayling here and there and putting foorth on euery side much encrease of new springs The fifth kinde of Wormwood is like vnto Sea Wormwood in his smal and tender leaues also it is like in the stalke of floures but it is of a sadde or deeper colour and it hath neyther bitter taste nor sauour The sixth kinde of Wormwood his leaues be long and narrow and of a whitish colour muche like the leaues of Lauender and somwhat like it also in sauour The stalkes also be of wooddishe substance in the toppes whereof there groweth both floures and seede like as in the reste of the Wormwoodes but smaller Absynthiū Pōticum Galeni Wormwood gentle / or Romayne †The Place The common Wormwood groweth naturally in stony places and rough mountaynes in dry rude vntoyled places There is plentie of it in many places of this countrey Sea wormwood groweth in salte ground and in places adioyning to the Sea It groweth plentifully in Zeland and Flaunders alongst the sea coast and in some places of Brabant as about Barowgh The third kind groweth in some places of Zwiserland vnder the hilles or at the foote of mountaines as Conrade Gesner that famous Clerke writeth Wormwood Romayne groweth plentifully in Hungarie places neare about Constantinople in some places of Almaigne
groweth in the borders of fieldes about highwaies and the bankes of brookes or quiet standing waters †The Tymes It floureth in Iuly August and sometimes later Artemisia communis †The Names This herbe is called in shops Artemisia of some Mater herbarum in Spanish Artemya in English Mugworte in French Armoyse Cherbe S. Ian in high Douch Beyfusz Bucken S. Iohans gurtel in base Almaigne Byuoet S. Ians cruyt the which is this kind of Mugwort whiche is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Artemisia tenuifolia the which is the fourth kinde in Dioscorides and the third kinde in Apuleius †The cause of the Name Mugworte as Plinie saith had this name of Artemisia Queene of Halicarnassus and wife of Mausolus King of Carie who chose this herbe gaue it her name for before that it was called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Parthenis that is to say Virginal some say that Artemisia was so called of the Goddesse Diana who was also called Artemis for bycause this herbe is singular for womens disseases who are all vnder the gouernment of Diana as the Heathen do imagine and dreame †The Nature Mugworte is somewhat astringent and not to hoate †The Vertues Mugworte pound with oyle of sweete Almondes and layd to the stomake as aplayster cureth all the payne and griefe of the same Also if one do annoynt his ioynts with the iuyce thereof mengled with oyle of Roses it cureth the ache shaking and drawing to gither of Sinewes If it be hanged or cast into barrels or hoggesheads of Bier it will preserue the same from so wring Whosoeuer shal carrie this herbe about him as Plinie saieth no venemous beast or any like thing shall hurte him and if he trauell vpon the way he shall not be weary Of Tansie Chap. x. †The Kindes Three be two sortes of Tansie The one great and yellow the other small and white Tanacetum maius Great Tansie Tanacetum minus White Tansie †The Description The great or common Tansie hath a blackishe stalke three or foure foote high diuided at the top into many single braunches at the end wherof are round tuftes bearing yellow floures like small round buttons or like the middle of the floure of Cammomill but greater and of stronger sauour The leaues be long made of many small leaues set directly one against an other and spread abroade like wings the whiche be also iagged and snipte like small feathers especially round aboute the edges the roote is slender casting it selfe here and there The small Tansie hath broade leaues much iagged and cut well like the leaues of Feuerfew but smaller and more cut and iagged The stalke is small of the length of a foote or more vpon the which groweth small tuftes bearing little white floures much like to the floures and tuftes of the white Mylfoyll or common Parrow The roote is harde and sometimes parted into two or three all the herbe is much like in smell and sauour to the other Tansie sauing that it is not so strong †The Place The first groweth about high wayes hedges and the borders of fieldes and is very common in this countrie The second groweth in some places of Italie in this countrey ye shall not finde it but in the gardens of certayne Herboristes †The Tyme They do bothe floure in Iuly and August †The Names The first is now called in shoppes Tanacetum and Athanasia in Englishe Tansie in French Athanasie in high Douch Reinfarn in base Almaigne Reynuaer and Wormcruyt Some learned men iudge it for to be the third kinde of Artemisia called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Artemisia vnicaulis of Apuleius Artemisia Tragantes or Tagetes The second without doubt is also a kinde of Tansie the whiche some learned and especially the famous Matthiolus of Siena do thinke it to be right Milfoyle called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 But if this herbe shoulde be the right Achillea the common Tansie should be also without doubte a kinde of Achillea for they are very much like one an other not onely in smell and taste but also in vertues and operation as we haue written in our Annotations †The Nature Tansie is hoate in the second degree and dry in the third as it doth well appeere by his strong smell and bitter taste The small Tansie is of the like operation or facultie †The Vertues The seede of Tansie is a singular and proued medicine against wormes for in what forte so euer it be taken it killeth and driueth forth wormes The same pounde and afterwarde mengled with oyle is very good against the payne and swelling of Sinewes If before the cōming of fittes of the Ague the body be annoynted with the iuyce of Tansie mengled with the oyle of Roses it will cause the Ague to be gone The same dronken with wine is good against the payne of the bladder and whan one cannot pisse but by droppes The roote condited or preserued with hony and taken of them that be sicke doth ease helpe very much such as are troubled with the goute in their feete Of Feuerfew Chap. xi †The Description FEuerfew hath many tēder leaues much torne iagged of a grayishe or white greene colour in colour and fasshion like to the first nethermost leaues of Coriander the stalkes be two or three foote long vpon whiche groweth many smal floures yellow in the middest and compassed aboute as it were with a little pale of small white leaues like to the order of Cammomil floures of a strong smell and bitter taste whan the floures be past the knoppes be ful of seede like to the knops of Cāmomill The roote is of wooddy substāce with diuers hearie threedes or strings hanging by †The Place It groweth well in dry places by olde walles and such like rough places †The Tyme Feuerfew floureth in Iuly August and almost all the Sommer †The Names It is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of Galen and Paule 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Parthenium and Amaracus in shoppes and of Serapio Chap. 253. Matricaria of some Amarella or Marella in English Feuerfew of some Whitewurte also S. Peters wurt in French Espargoutte or Matricaire in high Douch Mutterkraut and Meidt blumen in base Almaigne Mater Moedercruyt Parthenium †The Nature It is hoate in the third degree and dry in the second degree †The Vertues Feuerfew dryed and made into pouder and two drammes of it taken with hony or other thing purgeth by siege Melancholy and fleume wherefore it is very good for such as haue the giddinesse turning in the head or swimming for them that are purse or troubled with the shortnes of winde and for Melancholique people and such as be sadde and pensiue and without speach The herbe without his floures boyled in water is good to be dronken of such as haue the stoone The same is good
against the Suffocation of the Matrix that is the stopping and hardnesse of the Mother to be boyled in wine and applied to the nauell the harte or the side The broth also or decoction of Feuerfew is very good for wemen to bathe and sitte in against the hardnesse of the Mother and the Matrix that is ouercharged or swollen The greene leaues with the floures of Feuerfew stamped is good to be layde to the disscase called the wilde fyre or Saint Anthonies fyre and other cholerike inflammations Of Fole foote / or Horse houe Chap xij †The Description EOle foote hath greate broade leaues growing out into many corners or indēted angles with many vaynes like to a Horse foote fire or seuen leaues springing out of one roote of a white hoare or grayish colour next to the ground and greene aboue The stem or stalke is white and as it were cottoned with fine heare of a span long at the end wherof are fayre yellow floures and full which do suddenly fade and chaūge into downe or cotton which is carried away with the winde like to the head of Dandelion The roote is white and long creping here and there †The Place Fole foote groweth well in watery places and moyst fieldes †The Tyme It putteth forth his wolly stalke without leaues at the beginning of March April At the toppe of the stalke is the yellow floure After the floures the leaues spring out from the roote then vanisheth away the stalke and the floures so that one shall seldome finde the leaues and floures altogether at one time Bechion Tussilago †The Names It is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Tussilago in shoppes Tarfara and Vngula Caballina in Italian Vnghia di cauallo in Spanishe Vn̄a de asno in English Fole foote Horse houe Coltes foote and Bull foote in French Pas de Cheual of some Pas d'asne in high Douch Roszhub or Brandtlattich in base Almaine Hoefbladeren Peerdts clauw Brant lattowe and Saint Carijus cruyt †The Nature The greene and fresh leaues are moyst but whan they are dry they become sharpe or sower and therefore are of a drying nature †The Vertues The greene leaues of Fole foote pounde with Hony do cure and heale the hoate inflammation called Saint Anthonies fyre and all other kindes of inflammation The parfume of the dryed leaues layde vpon quicke coles taken into the mouth through the pipe of a funnell or tunnell helpeth suche as are troubled with the shortnesse of winde and fetche their breath thicke or often do breake without daunger the impostems of the breast The roote is of the same vertue if it be layde vpon the coles and the fume thereof receiued into the mouth Of Butter Burre Chap. xiij †The Description BVtter Burre hath great round leaues at the firste lyke the leaues of Folefoote the which do afterwardes waxe so great that with one leafe one may couer a smal rounde table as with a carpet Of a greene colour vpon the outside and of a gray whitishe colour nexte the grounde It putteth forth a hollow stalke of a span long set full of small incarnate floures at the toppe as it were clustering thicke togither the which togither with the stalke do perish and vanish away The roote is thicke white within hollow of a strong smell and bitter taste †The Place It groweth well in freshe and moyste places bysides small riuers and brookes †The Tyme The floures do appeare at the beginning of Marche and do vanish away in Aprill then the leaues come forth and remayne all the Somer †The Names It is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Petasites vnknowen in shoppes yet some call it Bardana maior in Englishe Butter Burre in French Herbe aux tigneux in high Douch Pestilentz wurtz in base Almaigne Dockebladeren and Pestilentie wortel Petasites †The Nature Butter Burre is dry in the thirde degree †The Vertues Butter Burre dried and made into powder and than dronken in wine is a soueraigne medicine against the Plague and Pestilent feuers bycause it prouoketh iweate and for that cause it driueth from the harte all venim and euill heate It killeth wormes and is of great force against the Suffocation and strangling of the Mother to be taken in the same sorte It cureth all naughty Ulcers or olde filthie fretting sores or consuming Pockes and inflammations if the pouder bestrewed thereon The same cureth the Farcyn in Horses howsoeuer it be ministred whether it be giuen inwardly to receyue or applied outwardly Of Britannica or Bistorte Chap. xiiij †The Kyndes THere is two sortes of Bistorte as Leonard Fuchs and Hierome Bock men of great knowledge and learning haue lately writen the one called the Great Bistorte the other the Small Bistorte Bistorta maior Great Bistorte Bistorta minor Small Bistorte †The Description THe great Bistorte hath long leaues like Patience but smaller and not so smothe or playne but wrinkled or drawen into rimples of a swart greene colour vpon one side and of a blewishe greene on the side next the ground The stalke is long smothe and tender hauing a spiked knap at the ende set full of small incarnate floures clustering togither The seede is angled and broune The roote is great and long wounden and turned backe or crokedly turning togither like a Snayle blacke and hearie without and somewhat redde within in taste like an Oke kernell The small Bistorte is like the other in leaues knap floures seede stalke but smaller his leaues also are smother and playner The roote is shorter and more roundly turned togither without any small threeds or hearines browne without and of a darke redde colour within in taste like the first †The Place They grow well in moyst watery places as in medowes and darke shadowy wooddes †The Tyme They floure in May and Iune †The Names The learned do call the herbes Bistortae and Serpentariae in French Bistorte◠in high Douch Naterwurtz in Brabant Hertstonghen This should seeme to be Dracunculus Latinorū wherof Plinie wrote in the. 6. chap. of the. 24. Booke The first is called of some in Latine Colubrina of Leonard Fouchs Naterwurtz weiblin that is to say Female Adderwurte or Snakeweede in French Grande Bistorte and Serpentair femelle in base Almaigne Hertstonghe The second is the small Bistorte is called in some places of England Dysterloyte of the same Leonard Fouchs Naterwurtz menlin that is to say male Adderwurte or Snakeweede †The Nature Bistorte doth coole and dry in the third degree †The Vertues The roote of Bistorte boyled in water or wine and dronken stoppeth the laske and is good against the bloudy flixe It stoppeth the ouermuch flowing of womens termes or floures and all other issue of bloud Also if it be taken as is aforesayd or if it be made into pouder and dronken with redde wine it taketh away the desire to vomite or parbrake The
decoctiō of the leaues is very good against all sores inflāmatiō of the mouth throote it fasteneth loose teeth if it be oftē vsed or holdē in the mouth Of Fumeterre Chap. xv †The Kindes There is two kindes of Fumeterre as Plinie writeth in the .xiij. chap. of the .xxv. booke of his naturall History Wherof the first is the common Fumetory the which was knowen vsed in Medicine of Galen Paule other the Greeke Physitions The second is an other herbe onely knowen of Plinie the whiche both are knowen in this countrey Capnos fumaria Fumeterre Capnos Plinij Phragmites Nedge Fumeterre †The Description THe common Fumeterre hath a square stalke beset with small leaues very tender weake and finely iagged somewhat gray like asshie colour like to the leaues of Coriander but much smaller the floure is small and purple growing togither like a littell cluster and changeth into littell small knops or beries wherein is very small seede The roote is but simple with a very few small heares or strings about the same Small Fumeterre hath also many slender branches vpon whiche groweth small iagged leaues in colour taste and in fashion also somewhat like the Fumeterre aforesayde It hath also certaine small threedes or clasping tendrels by the whiche it taketh holdfast in all places by Hedges and other herbes The floures are small and clustering togither of a white colour mixed with a littell blew after the floures there commeth forth small huskes or coddes in which is conteyned the seede The roote is single and of the length of a fingar †The Place Fumeterre groweth best amongst wheate Barley also it groweth in gardens amongst potherbes in Vineyardes and such other open places Small Fumeterre groweth vnder hedges in the borders of fieldes and about olde walles †The Tyme They do bothe floure in May and Iune †The Names The first of these herbes is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Fumaria and Capnium in Shoppes Fumus terrae in Spanish Palomilla y palomina y yerua malarin̄a in English Fumeterre in French Fumeterre in high Douch Erdtrauch Taubencropff Katzenkorbel in base Almaigne Grysecom Duyuekeruel and Eerdtroock The second is called of Plinie Capnos Pes Gallinaceus Therfore Capnos Plinij and this is that whiche is called Hermolaus of Aëtius 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Capnum Chelidoniū not knowen in shoppes some following Plinie do call it in Latine Pes gallinaceus in French Pied de geline in base Almaigne cleyn Eerdtroock in English Hedge Fumeterre and Hennes foote †The Nature Fumeterre is hoate and dry almost in the second degree and so is Hennes foote as one may know by the sharpnes and bitter taste †The Vertues The iuyce of Fumeterre dropped into the eyes doth sharpen and quicken the sight the same mengled with gumme and layd to the eye liddes will cause that the heare that hath bene ones pulled of shall not grow againe The decoction of Fumeterre dronken driueth forth by vrine siege all hoate Cholerique burnte pernicious humors Bysides this it is very good against the foule scurffe and rebellious olde sores and the great Pockes The iuyce of Fumeterre dronken worketh the like effect for this purpose is of greater power than the Decoction of Fumeterre Henfoote or hedge Fumeterre as Plinie sayth is of the same nature vertue as the other Fumeterre and is a singular medicine against the weakenesse of the sight especially for such as seeme to see small strawes if the iuyce thereof be dropped into the eyes Of Germander Chap. xvi †The Description GErmander is a shorte herbe of a spanne or foote long bringing foorth from his roote many tender stemmes or branches The leaues are smal tender indēted cut about much like the leaues of certayne Okes but farre smaller The floures are small of a broune blew colour compassing round the toppe of the stalke The seede is small blacke and rounde The roote is small and slender creping vnder the earth here and there †The Place Germander groweth luckely in stony hilles mountaynes such like places also it groweth in wooddes it is to be found growing in certayne wooddes of Brabant and it is planted in gardens †The Tyme Germander floureth in Iune Iuly †The Names The first is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Chamaedrys Trixago of som Quercula minor Serratula in Shoppes Chamędryos of the Italians Querinola Chamedrio Chamandrina in Spanish Chamedreos yerua in French Germandreé or Chesnette in English Germander English Treacle in high Almaigne Gamanderlein and Kleyn Bathengel in base Almaigne Gamanderlijn Chamaedrys Germander †The Nature It is hoate dry in the third degrée †The Vertues Germander with his floures boyled in water and dronken deliuereth the body from all obstructions stoppings and cutteth of tough and clammy humors therfore being receiued as is before sayde it is specially good for them that haue the cough shortnesse of breath the Strangury or stopping of vrine and for such as begin to haue the Dropsie It bringeth downe womens naturall sicknesse If it be dronken with vineger it is good against the hardnesse and stopping of the Milte or Splene The iuyce of the leaues mengled with oyle and straked vpon the eyes driueth away the white Cloude called the Hawe or Pearle in the eye and all maner dimnes of the same Of Paules Getony Chap. xvij †The Kindes THere is two kindes of Veronicae or Betonicę Pauli The one is the right Veronica the which is called Veronica mas The other is a small herbe very like the right Veronica and is called Veronica foemina †The Description THe male Veronica is a smal herbe crepeth by the ground with smal reddish hearie braunches or stalkes The leafe is something long and somwhat greene a little hearie dented or snipte roūd about the edges like a sawe The floures are aboue about the top of the branches smal of a light blew mengled with purple the seede is in smal flat pouches The roote is smal hearie Betonica Pauli Veronica mas Paules Betony Herbe Fluellyn or Speedewell Groundhele Laudata Nobilium Veronica foemina The female Veronica doth also creepe and spread vpon the grounde it hath slender stemmes and somwhat large leaues a littell hearie and pleasantly soft The floures be yellow with small croked tayles like the floures of Larkes claw or Larkes spurre The seede is in small rounde huskes like the seede of Pympernell †The Place The male Veronica groweth in rough sandy places aboute the borders of fieldes and wooddes The female groweth in low moyst places †The Tyme They floure in Iune and Iuly †The Names The first Veronica is called of Paulus Aegineta Lib. vij in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is to say in Latine Betonica and therefore Doctor William Turner and I do call it Betonica Pauli
bending or hanging downwards The floures be redde The roote is small as the other Eyebright roote This I thought necessary to declare to the intent that men may learne to know the diuersitie betwixt them both that they shoulde not take the one for the other for this last kinde hath not the vertue of the true Eyebright †The Place Eyebright groweth in dry medowes greene grassie wayes and pastures standing against the Sunne ⧠The Tyme Eyebright beginneth to floure in August and floureth still vntill September and in forwarde yeares it is found to floure in Iuly It must be gathered and dryed whiles it is in floure †The Names Some call this herbe in Latine Euphrasia 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Ophthalmica Ocularis some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Euphrosyne in English Eyebright in Frēch Euphrase in high Douch Augentrost in base Almaigne Doghentroost that is to say in Latine Oculorum solamen †The Degree or Nature It is hoate and dry almost in the second degree ⧠The Vertues Eyebright pound and layde vpon the eyes or the iuyce thereof with wine dropped into the eyes taketh away the darknesse of the same cleareth the sight So doth a powder made of three partes of Eyebright dried and one parte of Macis if a sponefull of it be taken euery morning by it selfe or with sugar or wine And taken after the same sorte it comforteth the memory very much Eyebright boyled in wine and dronken is good against the Iaundice That other Eyebright is vnprofitable and therfore not vsed in Physicke Of Filipendula / or Oropworte Chap. xxviij †The Description FIlipēdula hath lōg leaues spread abrode like feathers made of many smal little leaues al dēted snipte iagged roūd about growing by a lōg string or smal stem not much vnlike the leaues of wild Tāsey or Burnet but lōger his stalke is round about the height of two or three foote at the top whereof are many faire white floures euery one parted in sixe small leaues like a little Sterre The seede is smal groweth togither like a button The rootes be small blacke whereon is hāging certaine small knops or blacke pellets as in the rootes of the female Pionye sauing the they be a great deale smaller †The Place Filipēdula groweth in Almayne Fraūce England vpon stony moūtaines rough places It is also plāted in diuers gardens †The Tyme It floureth in May Iune and Iuly Filipendula †The Names Som cal this herb in latin Saxifraga rubea in shops Filipēdula or Philipēdula in Italiā Spanish Filipendola in French Filipende or Filipendule in high Almaigne Rotsteinbrech wilde Garben in base Almaigne Roode steenbreeck in English Filipendisla Dropwurte Redde Sarifrage †The Nature or Temperament Dropwurte is hoate and dry but not full out in the thirde degree †The Vertues The roote boyled in wine and drouken is good against the Droppisse or Strangury and against all the paynes of the bladder it causeth one to make water and breaketh the stone The same as Mathew Syluaticus Symon Genuensis do write is very profitable against the diseases springing of colde windinesse and blastings of the stomacke to be made in powder and taken in wine with Fenell seede If the pouder of the roote of Filipendula or Dropwurte be often vsed to be taken or eaten with meate it will preserue a man from the falling sicknesse Of Medewurte / or Goates bearde Chap. xxix †The Description MEdesweete or Medewurte which is called in Latine Vlmaria and Barba Capri hath great long brode leaues like Egrimonie sauing they be larger and longer rough boysteo as and harde crompled and wrinckled like to the leaues of Byrche or Elme trees The stalke is hollow square reddish sometimes as long as a man and beareth at the toppe a great many of small floures clustering growing togither like the blowing of Filipendula of colour white and sauour pleasant the whiche do chaunge or turne into small seedes whiche be as they were wrenched or writhen about and grow three or foure togither like to a little warte The roote is long blacke without and browne-red or incarnate within of a strong sauour astringent taste like Ake-kernels †The Place It groweth in medowes and mosty groundes also in shadowie wooddes †The Tyme This herbe floureth most commonly in Iuly and August Barba Capri siue Vlmaria †The Names This herbe is called in Latine Barba Capri Vlmaria and Regina prati in English Medewurte and Medesweete and of some after the Latine name Goates bearde in French Barbe de Cheure in Douche Reynette and grooten Gheytenbaert †The Nature Medewurte doubtlesse drieth much and is astringent wherefore it restrayneth and bindeth manifestly †The Vertues The rootes of Medesweete boyled or made into pouder and bronken stoppeth the laske and all issue of bloud The floures boyled in white wine and drōken cureth the feuer Quartayne Of Thalietron or Bastard Rewbarbe Chap. xxx †The Kyndes OF the false Bastard Rewbarbes there are at the least foure or fiue kindes and of them some be great and one is small Thalietrum magnum The great Bastard Rewbarbe Thalietrum paruum The small Bastard Rewbarbe †The Description THe first great Thalietron or Bastard Rewbarbe hath large leaues parted or diuided into diuers others somwhat nickt or dented about the edges the stalkes are straked and crested of a redde purplish colour in the toppes of these stalkes groweth many small and hearie white floures after them cōmeth small narrow huskes like coddes foure or fiue growing togither the roote is yellow long round and knotty and it groweth farre abroade in many places The colour of the vpper parte of the leafe is a browne greene or deepe greene and some are more darker and blacker than some but vnder they are of a lighter colour The second kinde of great Thalietron or Bastard Rewbarbe his leaues be of a blewish greene colour his floures be yellow and his stalkes longer the sauour more grieuous but otherwise it is like to the aforsayde The thirde is very well like to the first sauing that his small floures are of a light blew colour The small Thalietron is like vnto the abouesayde but in all respects lesse his stalkes be of a spanne long his leaues be thinne tender the rootes are small slender the little floures grow togither in small bundels or tuftes of a light yellow colour almost white and it is also of a very grieuous sauour †The Place The first kinde oftentimes groweth in moyst medowes it is also founde in gardens But that whiche hath the yellow and violet colour floures are brought to vs as straungers as that kinde also is with the blackish greene leaues The smal kinde is found in Zealand other coastes bordering vpō the sea †The Tyme They floure most commonly in Iuly and August †The Names In certayne Apothecaries shoppes they
growe about hedges and olde walles and by way sides †The Tyme It floureth most commonly in Iuly †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Muralium Perdicium and Vrceolaris and of some Parietaria Muralis Perdicalis in Shoppes Paritaria in Italian Lauirreola in Spanish Yerua del muro Alfahaquilla del muro Alfahaquilla de culebra in English Parietary Pellitory of the Wall in high Douch Tag vnd nacht S. Peters kraut Glaszkraut Maurkraut in base Almaigne Parietarie and Glascruyt †The Nature Parietarie is somewhat colde moyst drawing nere to a meane tēperature †The Vertues Parietorie is singuler against cholerike inflammations the disease called Ignis sacer S. Anthonies fyre spreading and running sores burnings and all hoate vlcers being stamped and layde therevpon An oyntment made with the iuyce of this herbe and Ceruse is very good against all hoate vlcers spreading and consuming sores hoate burning scuruy and spreading scabbes and such like impediments The same iuyce mēgled with Deare sewet is good to annoynt the feete against that kinde of goute which they call Podagra The same iuyce mengled with oyle of Roses and dropped into the eares swageth the paynes of the same The decoction or brothe of Parietorie dronken helpeth suche as are vexed with an olde Cough the grauell and stone and is good against the difficultie and stopping of vrine and that not onely taken inwardly but also layde to outwardly vpon the region of the Bladder in maner of a fomentatiō or a warme bathe Of Chickeweede Chap. xxxv †The Kindes ALthough Dioscorides and Plinie haue written but of one kinde of Alsine or Chickeweede neuerthelesse a man may finde in most places of this countrey diuers sortes of herbes comprehended vnder the name of Alsine or Chickeweede ouer and bysides that whiche is found in salt groundes whereof the first and right Alsine is that whiche Dioscorides and the Auncients haue described †The Description THe great Chickeweede hath sundry vpright rounde and knobby stalkes The leaues growe at euery ioynt or knotte of the stalke alwayes twoo togither one directly standing agaynst an other meetely large sometimes almost of the breadth of twoo fingers not much vnlike Parietory leaues but longer and lesse hearie about the toppe of the braunches amongst the leaues groweth small stemmes with littell knoppes the whiche chaunge into small white floures diepely cutt and snipte after the floures yee shall perceyue huskes or Coddes somewhat long and rounde wherein lieth the seede The whole herbe dothe not differ much from Parietory for his stemmes also be through shyning and somewhat redde about the ioyntes and the leaues be almost of the same quantitie so that Dioscorides sayth that this herbe should be Parietory but that it is smaller and baser or lower and that the leaues be longer and not so hearie Alsine maior Great Chickeweede Alsines secundum genus The second Chickeweede The second is like to the great Chickeweede sauing that it is smaller and groweth not vpright but lieth and spreadeth vpon the ground The leaues are much smaller growing twoo and twoo togither at euery ioynt The floures huskes and seede is like the great Chickeweede The roote hath many small hearie threddes The thirde and smallest Chickeweede is not much vnlike the second but a great deale smaller in all respectes in so much that his stemmes be like vnto small threddes and his leaues no bigger then Tyme otherwayes it is lyke to the second The fourth kinde called of the base Almaignes Hoenderbeet that is to say Henbit hath many rounde hearie stemmes The leaues be somewhat round hearie a little snipt or iagged about the edges otherwise not much vnlike the leaues of great Chickeweede The floures be blew or purple do bring forth small close knappes or huskes in which is inclosed the seede The fifth kinde is like to the aforesayd in his hearie stemmes his leaues be longer narrower and iagged rounde about the floures of a cleare blew the seede is in broade huskes as the seede of Veronica or Paules Betony Alsines tertium genus The third Chickeweede Alsines quartum genum The fourth Cchickeweede Alsines quintum genus The fifth Chickeweede There is yet a sixte kynde of Chickeweede which groweth onely in Salte ground like to the others in leaues and knotty stemmes but chiefly like to the second kinde sauing that his stemmes are thicker shorter and the knots or ioyntes stande nearer one to an other The leaues are thicker the huskes be not long but flat rounde and somewhat squate or cornered like a great hasting or gardē pease euery huske hauing three or foure browne seedes almost of the quantitie of a vetche †The Place The great Chickeweede groweth in moyst shadowy places in hedges busshes amongst other herbes in such like places ye shall finde the rest but the sixth groweth not except onely in salte groundes by the sea side †The Tyme These herbes do most cōmonly floure about Midsomer †The Names The great Chickeweede is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Alsine and of some late writers Hippia maior in Italian Panarina and Centone vnknowen to the Apothecaries The second third are called of the Apothecaries Morsus gallinae Hippia minor in English Middle Chickeweede in high Douch Vogelkraut and Hunerbisz in base Almaigne Vogelcruyt Hoenderbeet and cleynen Muer The fourth also is called of some Morsus gallinae in high Douch Hunerbisz in base Almaigne Hoenderbeet it may also be called in French Morgeline Bastarde The fifth is called of the high Almaignes Huners erb of the base Almaines Hoender erue that is to say the Hennes right or Hennes inheritance it is also called in French Moron Bastard Moron violet and Oeil de Chat. The sixth whiche groweth in salte groundes wee may call Alsine marina that is to say Sea Chickeweede †The Nature Chickeweede is colde and moyst in substance much lyke Parietorie as Galen writeth †The Vertues The great Chickeweede pounde and layde to the eyes or the iuyce thereof straked vpon the eyes is good against inflammations and the hoate vlcers of the eyes The same vsed in manner aforesayde and layde to the place is good against all hoate vlcers that be harde to cure but especially those aboute the pryuie partes The small Chickeweede and specially the second kinde boyled in water and salte is a soueraigne remedie against the scuruy heate and itche of the handes if they be often wasshed or bathed in the same Sea Chickeweede serueth to no knowen vse Of Mouse eare Chap. xxxvi †The Description MOuse eare as Dioscorides saith hath many small and slender stemmes somewhat redde bylow about the whiche groweth leaues alwayes two togither standing one directly against an other they are small blackishe and somewhat long and sharpe poynted almost like to the eare of a Mouse or Ratte betwixte the leaues there groweth forth small braunches wherevpon are
Agrimonia of some Ferraria minor Concordia and Marmorella in Spanish Agramonia in English Agrimonie in French Eupatoire or Aigremoine in high Douch Odermenich Bruchwurtz in base Almaigne Agrimonie of some Leuercruyt that is to say Liuerwurte Eupatorium †The Nature Agrimonie is of fine and subtill partes without any manifest heate it hath power to cut in sunder with some astriction †The Vertues The Decoction or brothe of Agrimonie dronken doth clense and open the stoppings of the liuer and doth strengthen the same is specially good against the weakenesse of the same Agrimonie boyled in wine and dronken helpeth against the bytings of venemous beasts the same boyled in water stoppeth the pissing of bloud The seede therof dronken in wine is singuler against the blouddy flixe and daungerouse laske The leaues of Agrimonie pounde with Swines grease and layde too hoate doth cure and heale olde woundes that are harde to close or drawe to a Scarre Of Bastarde Agrimonie Chap. xl †The Kyndes THere be sundry kindes of herbes called in Latine Hepatica or Iecoraria that is to say Lyuerwurtes whiche are commended and founde good agaynst the diseases of the Lyuer whereof wee shall describe three kindes in this Chapter vnknowen to the old wryters The two first kindes are Bastarde Agrimonie The third is Three leaued Agrimonie or Noble Lyuerwurte Pseudohepatorium mas Bastard Agrimonie the male Pseudohepatorium foemina Bastard Agrimonie female †The Description THe male Bastarde Agrimonie hath a long round stalke full of white pith within at the whiche groweth long blakish leaues somewhat rough and hearie snipte and cut round about almost like the leaues of Hempe and bitter At the toppe of the stalkes groweth many small floures of incarnate colour clustering or growing thicke togither in tuftes the whiche being withered and chaunged into seede it fleeth away with the winde The roote is full of threddy strings The female Bastard Agrimonie hath also a roūd purple stalke about three foote long and full of braunches The leaues be long and dented or snipt round about like the leaues of Hempe or of the other Agrimonie sauing that they be a littell larger At the toppe of the branches and round about the stalke groweth three or foure small leaues growing harde one by an other after the fashion of a starre amongst whiche is a knap or button that bringeth forth a yellow floure intermengled with blacke within whiche being withered is conteyned the seede whiche is long flatte and rough and hangeth vpon garments whan it is rype The leaues of Hepatica are broade and diuided into three partes not much vnlike the leaues of Cockow bread sower Tryfoly or Alleluya but larger Amongst the leaues groweth fayre azured or blew floures euery one growing vpon a single stemme the whiche do change into small bullets or bolyns wherin the feede is conteyned The roote is blacke and full of small hearie strings †The Place The Bastard Agrimonies do grow in moyst places by diches and standing pooles Hepatica groweth not of his owne kinde in this countrey but it is planted in gardens †The Tyme The Bastard Agrimonies do floure in Iuly and August but the Noble or great Lyuerwurt floureth in Marche †The Names The male Bastarde Agrimonie is called in Shoppes Eupatorium and is wrongfully taken of them for the right Agrimonie the which is described in the former chapter The learned mē in these dayes do call it Pseudohepatorium and Eupatorium aquaticum or Adulterinum Of Baptistus Sardo Terzola in highe Douch Kunigundkraut Wasserdost Hirssenclee in base Almaigne Coninghinne cruyt Hertsclaueren and Boelkens cruyt manneken We haue named the second Pseudohepatorium foemina in base Almaigne Boelkens cruyt wijfken it is thought to be that Agrimonie whereof Auicen writeth Chap. ccxliiij and therfore some haue called it Eupatorium Auicennae Hepatica siue Hepaticum Trifolium Noble Lyuerwurt or threeleaued Lyuerwurte The third which is called at this day in Latine Hepatica and of some Herba Trinitatis may be called in English Hepatica Noble Agrimonie or Three leafe Lyuerwurte in French Hepatique in high Douch Leberkraut Edel leuer cruyt We know of none other name except it be 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Balaris whereof Hesychius writeth †The Nature The two Bastard Agrimonies are hoate and dry as their bitternesse doth manifestly declare Hepatica doth coole dry and strengthen ⧠The Vertues The male Bastarde Agrimonie boyled in wine or water is singuler good against the old stoppings of the Lyuer and Melte or Splene Also it cureth old feuer tertians being dronken The Decoction thereof dronken healeth all hurtes woundes for whiche purpose it is very excellent and to heale all manner woundes both outwarde and inwarde The female Bastard Agrimonie is of the same operation and is vsed more than the other in wounde drenches The Hepatica or Noble Lyuerwurte is a soueraigne medicine against the heate and inflammation of the Lyuer and all hoate Feuers or agues Of Tornesole Chap. xli †The Kyndes THere be two kindes of Heliotropium or Tornesol The one called the great Tornesol and the other the small Tornesol Heliotropium magnum Great Tornesol Heliotropium paruum Small Tornesol †The Description THe great Tornesol hath straight round stalkes couered with a white hearie cotton especially about the toppe The leaues are whitish softe and hearie like veluet and fashioned like Basill leaues The floures be white at the toppe of the stalke growing thicke togither in rewes by one side of the stem the which at the vpper end do bend turne againe like a Scorpiōs tayle or the tayle of a Lobster or riuer Creuis The roote is small and harde The small Tornesol carrieth only but one stem of the length of a foote or somewhat more the which diuideth it self into many branches The leaues be whitishe almost like to the first but somewhat drawing towardes the leaues of the small Clote Burre The floures be yellow and small growing thicke togither and perish or vanish away without the bringing foorth of any fruyte like the floure of Palma Christi The seede is grayishe inclosed in triangled huskes or Coddes like the huskes of Tithymall or Spurge hanging downe vnderneth the leaues by a single stem they come forth without floure for the floure is vnprofitable as is before sayde †The Place The great Tornesol as Ruellius saith groweth in France in frutefull tylled groundes but in this countrey it is onely found in gardens The small Tornesol groweth in lowe sandie and waterie places and is found very plenteously in diuers places of Languedock †The Tyme The Tornesolles do floure about Mydsomer and in Iuly †The Names The great Tornesol is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Heliotropium magnum of the new or late wryters Verrucaria maior and Herba cancri Solaris herba Scorpionis herba and therefore the base Almaignes do call it Creeftcruyt and great Creeftcruyt The small Tornesoll is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉
Heliotropium paruum of Aëtius Heliotropium tricoccum of some it is called Verrucaria in Spanishe Tornasol in French Tournesol in base Almaigne Cleyn Creeftcruyt and cleyne Sonnewendt †The Nature The Tornesols are hoate and dry in the thirde degree †The Vertues A handfull of the great Tornesoll boyled dronke expelleth by opening the belly gentilly hoate Cholericke humors and tough clammy or slimie flegme The same boyled in wine and drōke is good against the stingings of Scorpions it is also good to be layde too outwardly vpon the wounde They say that if one drinke foure graynes of the seede of this herbe an houre before the comming of the fitte of the feuer Quartayne that it cureth the same And three graynes so taken cureth the feuer Tertian The seede of this herbe pounde layde vpon Wartes and such like excressence or superfluous out growings causeth them to fall away The leaues of the same pounde and layde too cureth the Goute with brusings burstings and dislocation of members The small Tornesoll and his seede boyled with Hysope Cressis and Sall Nitri and dronke casteth foorth wormes both round and flat The same brused with falte and layde vpon Wartes driueth them away With the seede of the smal Tornesoll being yet greene they die and stayne old linnen cloutes and ragges into a purple colour as witnesseth Plinie in his xxj booke Chap. vii wherewithall in this coūtrey men vse to colour gellies wynes fine Confections and Comfittes Of Scorpioides / or Scorpions grasse Chap. xlij †The Description SCorpioides is a small base or lowe herbe not aboue the length of ones hande the stemmes are small vpon whiche groweth fiue or sixe narrow leaues and somewhat long after the fasshion of a Hares eare which is the cause that some Douche men call it Hasen oore The floures be small and yellow after whiche commeth the seede whiche is rough prickley three or foure cleauing togither distinguisshed by ioyntes and turning rounde or bending like a Scorpions tayle Matthiolus describeth an other Scorpioides with slēder stalkes and round leaues sometimes three togither At the toppe of the stalkes groweth two or three little small long hornes togither the whiche also do shewe as they were separated by certayne ioyntes Bysides these two kindes of Scorpioides there is yet twoo other small herbes whiche some do also name Scorpion grasse or Scorpion worte although they be not the right Scorpion grasse The one of them is called Male Scorpion the other female Scorpion Scorpioides Scorpion Grasse Scorpioides Matthioli Matthiolus Scorpion grasse The male Bastard Scorpioides groweth about the length of a mans hand or to the length of a foote his stalkes are crested and crokedly turning aboue at the top whereas the knoppes buddes and floures do stande euen like to a Scorpions tayle the leaues be long narrow and small The floures be fayre and pleasant being of fiue littell leaues set one by an other of Azure colour with a little yellow in the middell The female Bastarde Scorpioides is very much like to the male sauing that his stalkes and leaues be rough and hearie his floures smaller The toppes of the stalkes be likewise croked euen as the toppes of the male †The Place Scorpioides groweth not of his owne kinde in this countrey but is sowen in the gardens of certaine Herboristes The male Bastarde Scorpioides groweth in medowes alongst by running streames and watercoursses and the nearer it groweth to the water the greater it is and the higher so that the leaues do sometimes grow to the quantitie of willow leaues The female Bastarde Scorpioides groweth in the borders of fieldes and gardens ⧠The Tyme Scorpioides floureth in Iune and Iuly The Bastarde kindes do begin to floure in May and continue flouring the most parte of all the Sommer Pseudoscorpioides mas Bastard Scorpioides the male Pseudoscorpioides faemina Bastard Scorpioides the female †The Names The first is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine also Scorpioides in English also Scorpioides Scorpion wurte or Scorpion grasse in French Herbe aux Scorpions in base Almaigne Scorpioencruyt and of some Hasen oore that is to say Auricula leporis The other is iudged of Matthiolus for a kinde of Scorpioides wherfore it may be called Matthiolus Scorpioides or Trefoyl Scorpioides The Bastard Scorpioides haue none other knowen name but some count them to be Scorpion herbes as hath bene before sayde †The Nature and Vertues Scorpioides or Scorpion grasse is very good to be layde vpō the stingings of Scorpions as Dioscorides saith Of S. Iohns Worte Chap. xliij †The Description SAynt Iohns worte hath a purple or browne redde stalke full of branches The leaues be long and narrow or small not much vnlike the leaues of garden Rue the whiche if a man do holde betwixt the light and him they will shewe as though they were pricked thorough with the poyntes of needels The floures at the toppe of the branches are fayre and yellow parted into fiue small leaues the whiche being brused do yeelde a redde iuyce or liquor after the floures commeth forth small huskes somewhat long and sharpe poynted like Barley cornes in which is conteyned the seede whiche is small and black and senting like Rosin The roote is wooddish long and yellow There is also an herbe much like to S. Iohus worte aforesayde but it is very small and lowe not growing aboue the length of a spanne whose stalkes be very tender and the leaues small and narrow yea smaller then Rue in all partes else like to the aforesayde †The Place S. Iohns worte groweth by way sides about the edges or borders of fieldes The other smal herbe groweth in fieldes amongst the stubble harde by the wayes †The Tyme Saint Iohns worte floureth most commonly in Iuly and August †The Names S. Iohns worte is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine in Shoppes Hypericum and of some Perforata and Fuga Dęmonum in Spanish Coraiouzillo and Milfurado yerua de San Iuan in English as is beforesayde S. Iohns worte or S. Iohns grasse in high Douch S. Iohans kraut of some Harthaw in base Almaigne S. Ians cruyt †The Nature S. Iohns worte is hoate and dry in the thirde degree †The Vertues S. Iohns worte with his floures and seede boyled and dronken prouoketh the vrine and causeth to make water is right good against the stone in the bladder it bringeth downe womens floures and stoppeth the laske Hypericum The same boyled in wine and dronken driueth away feuer Tertians and Quartaynes The seede dronken by the space of fortie dayes togither cureth the payne in the hanches whiche they call the Sciatica The leaues pound are good to be layde as a playster vpon burnings The same dryed and made into pouder and strowen vpon woundes and naughtie olde rotten and festered vlcers cureth the same Of S. Peters worte / or Square S. Iohns Grasse Chap. xliiij †The Description THis
of Woad but they are smaller narrower shorter from the middest whereof commeth vp the stalke to the length of three foote couered bylow with small narrow leaues and aboue with little pale yellow floures thicke set and clustering one aboue an other the whiche do turne into small buttons cut crosse wise wherein the seede is conteyned whiche is small and blacke The roote is long and single †The Place They sowe it in sundry places of Brabant as about Louayne and Brussels it groweth also of it selfe in places vntilled and by way sides †The Tyme It floureth in May and soone after the seede is ripe †The Names This herbe is called in Latine as Ruellius wryteth Herba lutea and of some Flos tinctorius in base Almaigne Wounwe of some Orant but not without error for Orant is an other herbe nothing like vnto this as shall be more playnely declared in the processe of this booke †The Nature It is hoate and dry Herba lutea †The Vertues Seing that Herba lutea is not receyued for any vse of Physicke and is vnknowen of the Auncients we be able to wryte nothing els of this herbe sauing that it is vsed of Dyers to colour and dye their clothes into greene and yellow Of S. Iames Worte Chap. xlviij †The Kindes Saynt Iames worte or as some call it Saynt Iames floure is of twoo sortes Iacobea S. Iames worte Iacobea marina S. Iames worte of the Sea †The Description THe first kinde of S. Iames worte hath long browne red crested or straked stalkes two or three foote long The leaues be great browne much clouen and cut not much vnlike the leaues of Wormewood but longer larger thicker and nothing white The floures be yellow growing at the top of the stalkes like to Cammomill in the middest wherof is the seede gray and woolly or downy and fleeth away with the winde The roote is white and ful of strings The second kinde called S. Iames worte of the Sea is much like to the first but the stalke is nothing redde The leaues be smaller whiter and more deeper and smaller iagged The floures be like to the first kinde but more pale or bleaker The roote is long threddy and creeping and bringeth forth round about him new springs †The Place S. Iames worte groweth almost euery where alongst by wayes and waterish places and sometimes also in the borders of fieldes Sea S. Iames worte groweth in trenches and diches and like places adioyning to the Sea †The Tyme They floure in Iuly and August †The Names The first is now called in Latine Iacobea Herba S. Iacobi and Sancti Iacobi flos in Englishe Saynt Iames worte in French Herbe ou sleur S. Iaques in high Douch S. Iacobs bluom in base Almaigne S. Iacobs cruyt and S. Iacobs bloemen The second without doubte is a kinde of S. Iames worte †The Nature They are both hoate and dry in the third degree †The Vertues S. Iames herbe hath a speciall vertue to heale woundes wherfore it is very good for all old woundes fistulas and naughtie vlcers Some affirme that the iuyce of this herbe gargeld or gargarised healeth all inflammations or swellings and empostems of the throote Of Flaxe / or Lyn. Chap. xlix †The Description FLax hath a tender stalke couered with sharpe narrow leaues parted at the toppe into small shorte branches the whiche bringeth foorth fayre blewe floures in steede wherof being now fallen there commeth vp round knappes or buttons in whiche is contayned a blackishe seede large fatte and shining †The Place Flaxe is sowen in this countrey in fatte and fine ground especially in lowe moyst fieldes †The Tyme It floureth in May and Iune †The Names Flaxe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Linum and in Shoppes it is welknowen by the same name And here ye may perceyue the cause why the base Almaignes do vse the worde Lyn to all things made of Flaxe or Lyne as Linendoeck and Lijnen laken that is to say Lyneclothe or clothe made of Lyne in Englishe Flaxe or Lyne in Frenche Lin in highe Douche Flaschsz in base Almaigne Vlas Linum †The Nature The seede whiche is muche vsed in medicine is hoate in the firste degree and temperate of moysture and drynesse †The Vertues The seede of Lyn boyled in water and layde too in manner of a pultis or playster appeaseth all payne It softeneth all colde tumors or swellings the empostems of the eares and neck and of other partes of the body Lynseede pound with figges doth rypen and breake all Empostems layde there vpon and draweth forth Thornes and all other things that sticke fast in the body if it be mingled with the roote of the wilde Cocomber The same mingled with Cresses and Hony and layde vnto rough rugged and euill fauoured nayles aswell of the handes as of the feete causeth them that be corrupt to fall of and cureth the partie The same rawe pounde and layde to the face clenseth and taketh away all spottes of the face The wine wherein Lynseede hath bene boyled preserueth the vlcers old sores that shal be washed in the same frō corruption festering or inward rāckling The water wherein Lynsede hath bene boyled doth quicken and cleare the sight if it be often dropped or stilled into the eyes The same taken in glisters swageth the gryping paynes of the belly and of the Matrix or Mother and cureth the woundes of the bowelles and Matrix if there be any Lynseede mengled with Hony taken as an Electuary or Lochoch cleanfeth the breast and appeaseth the Cough and eaten with Raysons is good for such as are fallen into Consumtions and feuer Hetiques †The Daunger The seede of Lin taken into the body is very euill for the stomacke it hindereth the digestion of meates and engendreth much windinesse Of Hempe Chap. l. †The Kyndes THere are two kindes of Hempe the one is frutefull and beareth seede The other beareth but floures onely †The Description THe first kind of Hempe hath a rounde hollow stalk foure or fiue foote long full of branches like to a little tree at the top of the branches growēth little smal round bags or huskes wherin is cōteyned the seede which is round The leaues be great rough blackishe parted into seuen nine ten and sometymes into moe partes long narrow and snipt or dented round about with notches like the teeth of a Saw The whole leafe with all his partes is like to a hand spread abroade The secōd is also in leaues like to the first and it hath a thicke stalke out of whiche by the sides groweth foorth sundry branches but it beareth neither seede nor frute sauing small white floures the whiche like duste or pouder is caried away with the winde Cannabis semen faciens Seede Hempe Cānabis absque semine Barren Hempe †The Place These two sortes of Hempe are sowen in fieldes
and whiche is a thing to be marueled at they do both spring of one kinde of seede A mā shall sometimes finde the male Hempe growing in the borders of fieldes and by the wayes The seede of the male Hempe is ripe at the end of August and in September The female Hempe is ripe in Iuly †The Names Hempe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine and in Shoppes Cannabis in Italian Cannape in Spanish Cānamo Canauo in English Hempe Neckeweede Gallowgrasse in French Chanure Chenneuis or Cheneue And here ye may perceyue the cause why the Normans and others do call the Cloche made of Hempe Chenneuis or Canuas for it soundeth so after the Greeke Latine and French the high Douchmen call Hempe Zamerhauff in base Almaigne Kempe †The Nature Hempe seede is hoate and dry in the thirde degree ⧠The Vertues Hempe seede doth appeace and driue the windinesse out of the bodie and if a man take a littell to much of it it drieth vp Nature the seede of generation and the Milke in wemens brestes The seede stamped and taken in white wine is highly commended at this day against the Iaundice and stopping of the Lyuer The iuyce of the leaues of greene Hempe put into ones eare swageth the payne of the same and bringeth forth all kinde of vermine of the same The roote of Hempe boyled in water doth help and cure the Sinewes and partes that be drawen togither and shronken also it helpeth against the Goute if it be layde therevpon †The Daunger Hempe seede is harde of digestion and contrary to the stomacke causing payne and griefe and dulnesse in the head and engendreth grosse and naughtie humors in all the body Of Lysimachion / Willow herbe or Ious strife Chap. LI. †The Kindes THere are now diuers kindes of Herbes comprehended vnder the name of Lychimachia but especially foure vnder whiche all the Lysimachies shal be comprysed The first is the right Lysimachion The second is the red Willow herbe with coddes The third is the second kinde of redde Willow herbe without Coddes The fourth is a kinde of blew Lysimachion †The Description THe first Lysimachus or the yellow Lysimachus hath a rounde stalke very littell crested or straked of a Cubite or two long The leaues be long narrow like willow or wythie leaues nothing at all cut or snipt about the edges but three or foure leaues standing one against an other round about the stalke at the ioyntes The floures be yellow and without smell and grow at the toppe of the branches in steede wherof whan they are fallen away there groweth rounde seede like Coriander seede The roote is long and slender creping here and there and putteth forth diuers yong springs whiche at their first comming vp are redde The second Lysimachus in leaues and stalkes is like to the other sauing that his leaues be not so broade and are snipt about the edges much like vnto Willow leaues The floures in colour and making are somewhat like the floures of the common wilde Mallow or Hock that is to say it hath foure little broade round leaues standing togither and lying one ouer an others edges vnder whiche there groweth long huskes or Coddes like to the huskes of stocke Gillofers whiche huskes do appeare before the opening of the floure the whiche huskes or seede vessels do open of themselues and cleaue abroade into three or foure partes or quarters whan the seede is rype the whiche bycause it is of a woolly or cottony substance is carried away with the winde The roote is but small and threddy Lysimachion verum Yellow Lysimachion or Louse stryffe Lysimachium purpureum primum The first purple red willow herbe or Lysimachium also the Sonne before the Father There is an other smal kinde of this sorte like to the other in stalke leaues floures and huskes sauing that it is in all partes smaller and the stalke is so weake that it can very seldome grow straight The floures be of carnation colour like to Gillofloures but somewhat smaller Yet there is a thirde kinde of redde Lysimachus very like to the first redde kinde The floures do grow also at the top or end of the huskes but they be paler and in making not so well like the other but rather like to Gillofers parted into foure small leaues whiche are set crossewise The second kinde of redde Lysimachus is like to the aforesayde in stalkes leaues sauing that his floures do grow like crownes or garlandes rounde about the stalke like to Penny royall of colour redde without Huskes for the seede doth grow in the smal Corones frō whence the floures fell of The stalke is square and browne The roote is very browne and thicke of a wooddisshe substance and putteth forth yearely new springs Lysimachion purpureum alterum Partizan Lysimachion or Spiked Lysimachion Lysimachium caeruleum Blew Lysimachion The blew Lysimachus also in stalke and leaues is like the others his blew or Azured floures are growing at the end of the stalkes spike fasshion or eared like Spike or Lauander beginning to bloow bylow so flouring vpwarde after whiche there commeth small round Coddes or pursses wherein the seede whiche is very small is conteyned The roote is threddy †The Place The yellow redde do grow in waterish moyst places in low medowes and about the brinckes and borders of water brookes and diches The blew is not found in this countrey but in the gardens of such as loue Herbes †The Tyme They do all floure most commonly in Iune and Iuly and their seede is ripe in August †The Names Lysimachia is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Lysimachium Lysimachia and of some Salicaria vnknowen in Shoppes in English Lysimachia Willow herbe and Louse strife in Spanish Lisimacho yerua The first which we may call Golden or yellow Lysimachus Willow herbe and Louse strife is called in Fraunce Cornelle Souscy d'eauë Pellebosse or Chassebosse in high Almaigne Geelwelderich in base Almaigne Geelwederick The second is called of some in Latine Filius ante Patrem that is to say the sonne before the father bycause that his long huskes in which the seede is cōteined do come forth and waxe great before that the floure openeth in Englishe the first red Lysimachus or wythie herbe or Louse stryfe in French Lysimachie rouge in high Douch Braun or Rod weiderich in base Almaigne Root wederick The third is called in Brabant Partijcke It may be called in English Partizan or sharpe Lysimachus or poynted willow Herbe with the purple floure The fourth hath none other name but Lysimachium caeruleum in Latine in English Blew or Azured Lysimachus †The cause of the Name This herbe tooke his name of the valiant noble Lysimachus the friend Cosin of Alexander the great king of Macedonia who first found out the propertie of this herbe and taught it to his posteritie or successours †The Nature The
yellow Lysimachus or golden Louse stryfe is colde dry and astringent The temperament of the redde and blew Lysimachia is not yet knowen ⧠The Vertues The iuyce of the leaues of the yellow Lysimachus stoppeth all fluxe of bloud and the Dysenteria or bloudy fluxe being eyther taken inwardly or otherwise applied outwardly The same stayeth the inordinate course of wemens floures being put with a pessarie of wool or cotton into the Matrix or secrete place of women The herbe brused put into the nose stoppeth the bleeding of the same and it doth ioyne togither and close vp all woundes and stoppeth the bloud being layde therevpon The perfume of this herbe dryed driueth away all Serpents venemous beasts and killeth flies and knattes †The Choyse Whan ye will vse Lysimachus for any griefe aforesayde ye shall take none other but of that kinde with the yellow floure which is the right Lysimachus for although the others haue now the selfe same name yet haue they not the same vertue and operation Of Mercury Chap. lij †The Kindes THere be two sortes of Mercury the garden and wilde Mercury the which againe are diuided into two other kindes a Male and Female differing onely but in seede †The Description THe male garden Mercury or the French Mercury hath tender stalkes ful of ioyntes branches vpon the which groweth blackish leaues somwhat long almost like the leaues of Parietory growing out from the ioynts frō whence also betwixt the leaues and the stem there cōmeth forth two little hearie bullets ioyned togither vpon one stem eche one conteyning in it selfe a small round seede The roote is tender and full of hearie strings The female is like to the male in stalkes leaues and growing and differeth but onely in the floures and seede for a great quantitie more of floures and seede do grow thicke togither like to a small cluster of grapes at the first bearing a white floure and afterwarde the seede the whiche for the most parte is lost before it be ripe The wilde Mercury is somewhat like to the garden Mercury sauing that his stalke is tenderer smaller and not aboue a span long without any branches the leaues be greater and standing farder a sunder one frō an other The seede of the male is like to the seede of the male garden Mercury and the seede of the female is like the seede of the female garden Mercury The roote is with hearie strings like the roote of the garden Mercuries Mercurialis mas Phyllon Theophrasti French Mercury Mercurialis foemina Mercury female There is yet an other herbe founde called Noli me tangere the whiche also is reduced and brought vnder the kindes of Mercury It hath tender rounde knobbed stalkes with many hollow wings and large leaues like to the Mercury in stalke and leaues but much higher and greater the floures hang by small stemmes they are yellow broade and hollow before but narrow behind and croking like a tayle like the floures of Larkes spurre after the whiche there commeth foorth small long round huskes the whiche do open of them selues and the seede being ripe it spurteth and skippeth away as soone as it is touched One may well describe and place next the Mercuries but especially them of the garden the herbe whiche is called Phyllon bycause that some do thinke that Phyllon and Mercury are but one herbe but by this treatice they may know that they be diuers herbes Now therfore there be two sortes of Phyllon as Crateuas writeth the Male and the Female It hath three or foure stalkes or more the leaues be somewhat long and broade something like the leaues of the Olyue tree but somewhat larger and shorter All the herbe his stalkes and leaues is couered with a fine softe white wool or Cotton The seede of the female Phyllon groweth in fasshion like to the seede of the female Mercurie and the seede of the male groweth like to the male Mercurie Cynocrambe Wilde Mercury Phyllon Thelygonon Children Mercury †The Place The garden Mercurie groweth in vineyardes and gardens of potherbes The wilde groweth in hedges and Copses The fifth kinde groweth in deepe moyst vallies and if they be ones planted they come vp againe yearely afterward of their owne accorde or of their owne sowing Phyllon is founde growing thorough out all Languedock and Prouince ⧠The Tyme They floure in Iune and continue flouring all the Somer †The Names Garden Mercurie is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and of some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of Theophrastus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine and in Shoppes Mercurialis in Italian Mercurella in Spanish Mercuriales in English Mercury and of some in French Mercury in high Douch Zamen Bingelkraut Kuwurtz and Mercurius kraut in base Almaigne Tam Bingelcruyt Mercuriael And that that hath the round seede is called Mas the Male. And the other is called the female Some do also take it for Wilde Mercury The wilde Mercury is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Canina brassica and Mercurialis syluestris in English wilde Mercury and Dogges Call in French Mercurialle sauuage Chou de Chien in high Douch wilde Bingelkraut and Hundszkol in Brabant wildt Bingelcruyt and witden Mercuriael The Noli me tangere was vnknowen of the Auncients wherefore it hath none other name in Greke or Latine They cal it in high Douch Springkraut in Brabant Springcruyt and Cruydeken en ruert my niet and for that cause men in these dayes do call it Noli me tangere that is to say touche me not Phyllon is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Phyllum The male is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 whiche may be Englished Barons Mercury or Phyllon or Boyes Mercury or Phyllō And the female is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and this kinde may be called in English Gyrles Phyllon or Mercury Daughters Phyllon or Mayden Mercury And we can giue it none other name as yet This is Dioscorides Phyllon but not Theophrastus Phyllon For Theophrastes Phyllon is nothing els but Dioscorides Mercury And for to be knowen from the Mercuries this Phyllon is also called Elaeophyllon Oliue Phyllon †The Nature The Mercuries are hoate and dry in the first degree as Auerroys saith †The Vertues Mercury boyled in water and dronken loseth the belly purgeth driueth forth colde phlegmes and hoate and cholerique humors also the water that is gathered togither in the bodies of such as haue the Dropsie For these purposes it may be vsed in meates and potages and they shall worke the same effect but not so strongly The same pound with Butter or any other greace and layde to the fundamēt prouoketh the stoole or siege The Barons Mercury or male Phyllon dronken causeth to engender male children and the Maydē Mercurie or gyrles Phyllon dronken causeth to engender Gyrles or Daughters Of Mony worte / or Herbe two pence Chap. liij †The Description MOnyworte hath small
The floures grow at the toppe of the stalkes most cōmonly two togither of a browne redde colour after the whiche there commeth vp small round beries of a swarte redde colour like Strawberies but harder within whiche the seede is conteyned The roote is tender and spreading about here and there †The Place Pentaphyllon or Cinquefoyle groweth low and in shadowie places sometimes also by water sides especially the redde kinde whiche is onely founde in diches or aboute diches of standing water †The Tyme Cinquefoyle floureth in May but chiefly in Iune †The Names Cinquefoyle is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine in Shoppes Pentaphyllum and Quinquefolium in Italian Cinquefolio in Spanish Cinco en rama in English Cinquefoyle or Sinkefoyle of some Fyueleaued grasse or Fiuefingred grasse in French Quintefueille in high Douch Funfffingerkraut Funffblat in base Almaigne Vijfvingercruyt †The Nature Cinquefoyle is dry in the thirde degree †The Vertues The roote of Synkefoyle boyled in water vntill the thirde parte be consumed doth appease the aking and raging payne of the teeth Also if one hold in his mouth the decoction of the same and the mouth be well wasshed therewithall it cureth the sores and vlcers of the same The same decoction of the roote of Sinkefoyle dronken cureth the bloudy flixe and all other fluxe of the bellie and stancheth all excessiue bleeding and is good against the goute Sciatica The roote boyled in vineger doth mollifie and appeace fretting and consuming sores and dissolueth wennes and colde swellings it cureth euilfauored nayles and the inflammation and swelling about the siege and all naughtie scuruinesse if it be applied thereto The iuyce of the roote being yet yong and tender is good to be dronken against the disseases of the Liuer the Lunges and al poyson The leaues dronken in honied water or wine wherein some Pepper hath bene mengled cureth Tertian and Quartaine feuers And dronken after the same maner by the space of thirtie dayes it helpeth the falling sicknesse The leanes pound layde too healeth filine burstings or the falling doune of the bowelles or other mater into the Coddes and mengled with salte and Hony they close vp woundes Fistulas and spreading vlcers The iuyce of the leaues dronken doth cure the Iaunders and comforte the Lyuer Of Tormentill / or Setfoyle Chap. lvij †The Description TOrmentill is much like vnto Sinckefoyle it hath slender stalkes rounde and tender fiue of sixe springing vp out of one roote and creeping by the ground The leaues be small fiue or most commonly seuen growing vpon a stem much like the leaues of Sinckefoyle and euery leafe is likewise snipte and dented rounde about the edges The floures be yellow much like the floures of wilde Tansie and Sinckefoyle The roote is browne redde and thicke †The Place Tormentill groweth in low darke shadowy woodes in greene wayes †The Tyme It floureth oftētimes al the somer long †The Names This herbe is now called in Shoppes and in Latine Tormentilla and of some in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Septifolium in English Setfoyle and Tormentill in French Tormentille Souchet de bois in high Douch Tormentill Brickwurtz and Rot Heylwurtz in base Almaigne Tormētille The markes and notes of this herbe do approche very neare to the description of Chrysogonum †The Nature It dryeth in the third degree †The Vertues The leaues of Tormentill with their roote boyled in wine or the iuyce thereof dronken prouoketh sweate and by that meanes it driueth out all venim from the harte moreouer they are very good to be eaten or dronken against all poyson and against the plague or pestilence The same vertue hath the dryed rootes to be made in pouder and dronker in wine Tormentilla Also the roote of Tormentill made into pouder dronken in wine whan one hath no feuer or with the water of a Smythes forge or water wherein Iron or hoate burning steele hath bene often quenched whan one hath a feuer cureth the blouddy flixe al other fluxes or laskes of the belly It stoppeth the spitting of bloud the pissing of bloud and the superfluouse rūning of womens floures all other kindes of fluxe or issue of bloud The Decoction of the leaues roote of Tormentill or the iuyce of the same dronken is good for all woundes both inwardly and outwardly it doth also open and heale the stoppings and hurtes of the Lunges and the Lyuer and is good against the Iaunders The roote of the same made into pouder and tempered or knoden with the white of an Egge and eaten stayeth the desire to vomitte and is good against the dissease called Choler or Melancholy The same boyled in water and afterward the mouth being wasshed therewithall cureth the noughtie vlcers and sores of the same Of Strawberries Chap. lviij †The Description THe Strawberrie with his small and slender hearie branches creepeth alongst the ground and taketh roote and holde fast in diuers places of the ground like Sinckefoyle the leaues also are somewhat like Sinckfoyle for they be likewise cut and snipte round about neuerthelesse it bringeth forth but onely three leaues growing togither vpon each hearie stem or footestalke The floures be white yellow in the middel somewhat after the fasshiō of Cinquefoyle the whiche being past it beareth a pleasant round fruite greene at the firste but redde whan it is rype sometimes also ye shall finde them very white whan they be ripe in taste and sauour very pleasant †The Place Strawberies growe in shaddowy wooddes deepe trenches and bankes by high way sides They be also muche planted in gardens †The Tyme The Strawbery floureth in Aprill and the frute is ripe in Iune †The Names The Strawbery is called in Latine Fragaria Fragula in English Strawbery Strawbery plante in French Fraisier in high Douch Erdtheerē kraut in base Almaigne Eerdtbesiencruyt The frute is called in Latine Fraga in French Des fraises in high Douch Erdtbeer in base Almaigne Eerdtbesien Fragaria †The Nature The Strawbery plante or herbe with the greene and vnripe Strawberies are colde dry The ripe Strawberies are colde and moyst †The Vertues The Decoction of the Strawbery plante dronken stoppeth the laske the superfluouse course of womens floures The same decoction holden kept in the mouth comforteth the gummes cureth the naughtie vlcers and sores of the mouth auoydeth the stinking of the same The iuyce of the leaues cureth the rednesse of the face Strawberies quench thirst the cōtinual vse of them is very good for them that feele great heate in their stomacke Of Siluer weede / or wilde Tansie Chap. lix †The Description THe wilde Tansie is much like to the Strawbery plante and Cinquefoyle in his small and slender branches and in his creeping alongst and hanging fast to the grounde his stalkes be also small and tender The leaues be long deepely cut euen harde to
the stem and snipt round about much like to the leaues of Agrimonie of a whitish shining colour next the ground of a faint greene aboue The floures be yellow much Argentina like the floures of Cinquefoyle The roote hath hearie strings †The Place Wilde Tansie groweth in moyst vntilled and grassie places about diches but especially in clay groundes that are left from tillage †The Tyme It floureth most commonly in Iune and Iuly †The Names This herbe is now called in Latine Potentilla and Argentina and of some Agrimonia syluestris or Tanacetum syluestre in English wilde Tansie Siluer weede and of some wilde Agrimonie in French Tanasie sauuagc or Bec d'oye and Argentine in high Douch Grensigh Grensing or Genserich and according to the same in Latine Anserina in base Almaigne Ganserick and Argentine †The Nature Wilde Tansie is dry in the thirde degree †The Vertues Wilde Tansie boyled in wine or water and dronken stoppeth the laske the bloudy flixe and all other fluxe of bloud and preuayleth muche against the superfluous course of womens floures but specially agaynst the white floud or issue of floures The same boyled in water and salte and dronken dissolueth all clotted and congeled bloud and is good for suche as are squatte and brused with falling from aboue The Decoction of wilde Tansie cureth the vlcers and sores of the mouth the hoate humors that are fallen downe into the eyes and the strypes that perishe the sight if they be wasshed therewithall Wilde Tansie hath many other good vertues as against the stone inward woundes and corrupt or fretting vlcers of the gummes and priuie or secrete partes it strengtheneth the bowelles and closeth vp greene woundes it fasteneth loose teeth and swageth tooth-ache The distilled water of this plante is good against the freckles spottes and punpels of the face and to take away Sunne burning Of common Mouse eare Chap. lx ⧠The Kindes OF the herbe called in Latine Pilosella there is found at this time two kindes The one called the great Pilosella the other small Pilosella the whiche some men do also call Mouse eare howbeit they are not the right Mouse eare †The Description THe leaues of great Pilosella are spreade vpon the grounde white hoare and hearie much lyke a great Mouse eare The stalke is also hearie aboute a spanne long and beareth double yellow floures the whiche do change into a certayne hearie downe or Cotton seede and is caried away with the winde The roote is of the length of a fingar and hath many hearie strings The small Pilosella is like to the other sauing that it is much lesse The leaues be small and little and white hoare nexte to the ground and hearie also The floures grow at the toppe of the stalkes many togither and are of colour sometimes yellow sometimes redde and sometimes browne and sometimes speckled The roote is small and threddy Pilosella maior Great Pilosella Pilosella minor Small Pilosella †The Place The great Pilosella groweth vpō small grauely or dry sandy mountaynes and vpon dry bankes about the borders of fieldes The small Pilosella groweth in dry Heathes and Commons and such like waste and vntilled places †The Tyme They floure in May and Iune †The Names The great is now called in Latine Pilosella maior in English also Great Pilosella of some Mouse eare in high Douch Nagelkraut and of some also Meuszor in base Almaigne groote Piloselle and Naghelcruyt The small is called Pilosella minor and of the high Almaignes Meuszorlin and Hasenpfatlin it may be called in English small Pilosella or Heath-mouse eare †The Nature The Pilosellas be hoate and dry ⧠The Vertues The Decoction of the leaues and roote of this herbe dronken doth cure and heale all woundes both inward and outward and also Hernies Ruptures or burstings The leaues of Pilosella dryed and afterward made into pouder strowen or cast into woundes is able to cure and heale the same The iuyce of the great Pilosella dropped into the eares cureth the payne of the same and clenseth them from all filth and corruption The same Pilosella eaten or taken in meates doth clense clarifie the sight and cureth the rednesse of the eyes Of Golden floure Stechados / and Cotton weede Chap. lxj †The Kindes THere be two principall kindes of herbes whiche beare white softe and woolly or Cottony leaues whiche some men call Pilosellae or Filagines The one hauing fayre golde yellow and sweete smelling floures The other hath pale yellow floures without smell is of three sortes as it shall appeare hereafter †The Description THe first of these herbes which the Almaignes do call Rheinblumen hath slender stalkes round and cottonie harde whitish or of a hoare gray colour of a spanne long with small narrow very softe cottonie leaues in quantitie making like the leaues of Hyssop at the toppe of the stalkes groweth small tuftes or as it were nosegayes of ten or xij floures or more whiche are round in fasshion like to smal buttōs the which do not lightly perishe or vade but may be kept a long time in their estate colour neither are they of an vnpleasant sauour but are somewhat bitter The roote is small shorte and blacke The other kinde which is called Filago or Cotton weede is of three sorts as is before sayde Ageratum Aurelia Golden Staechas or Moth weede Filago Cotton weede The first of them is like to the aforesayde but it is greater and higher sometimes growing to the heigth of two foote long or more The stalkes be small rounde and grayishe couered with a certayne fine wooll or Cotton three or foure growyng vp from one roote straight and most commonly without any branches The leaues be long narrow whitish softe and woolly like the leaues of Golden or yellow Staechas sauing that they be longer and broader and somewhat of a greener colour The floures be rounde and after the fasshion of buttons growing at the toppe of the stalkes a great many togither but nothing so yellow as the floures of Golden Staechas neither so long lasting but are carried away with the winde whan they be ripe like diuers other floures The other kinde of Cotton weede in stalkes and leaues is much lyke to the aforesayde the floures also be like to the aforesayde howbeit they grow not in tuffetes at the toppe of the stalke but betwixt the leaues alongst by the stalke and this is the greatest difference betwixt this and the other The fourth kinde of these herbes is like to the two other last recited Cottonweedes in stalkes and whyte cottony leaues but it is altogither tenderer smaller and lower seldome growing to the length of ones hande The floures grow at the toppe of the stalkes in small round buttons of colour and fasshion like to the other Cotton weedes †The Place The first kinde groweth in sandy playnes and dry Heathes and is plentifully founde in sundry places by the
Plantayne in high Douch Mittel and breyter Wegrich in basé Almaigne Breet wechbree The thirde is called of some in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is to say in Latine Quinqueneruia otherwise it is now called in Latine Lanceolata and Lanceola in English Ribbeworte in French Petit Plantain Lanceole and Lanceolette in high Douch Spitzer wegrich in base Almaigne Cleyn wechbree Hontsribbe We call the fourth Plantago marina in English Sea Plantayne in French Plantain de mer in base Almaigne Zee Wechbree †The Nature Plantayne is colde and dry in the second degree †The Vertues The leaues of Plantayne eaten with meates or otherwise are very good against the falling downe of Reumes Catarres they comfort the Stomacke and are good for such as haue the Phthisike which is a dissease in the lunges with a consumption of all the body And against the Cough The Decoction of leaues of Plantayne dronken stoppeth the blouddy flixe and other fluxes of the belly also it stoppeth the spitting of bloud the pissing of bloud and the superfluous flowing of womens termes and all other issue of bloud The iuyce of Plantayne dronken stoppeth and appeaseth the great desire to vomitte and stancheth all fluxe of bloud aswell as the leaues and seede The roote of Plantayne by himself or with his seede boyled in sweete wine and dronken openeth the Conduytes or passages of the Lyuer and Kidneys being stopped and is good against the Iaunders and the vlceration of the kidneys and bladder Some haue writen that three rootes of Plantayne taken with wine and water doth cure the Feuer tertian and foure rootes so taken do cure the Feuer quartayne The vse of Plantayne is good against all euill corrupt and running sores and vlcers and against woundes both old and new all hoate empostems and inflammations against Cankers Fistulas the foule euill or French Pockes and all scuruinesse It is good against the byting of Madde Dogs to bruse the leaues of Plantayne and lay therevpon or to poure of the iuyce of Plantayne into the woundes or if it be mixed with emplaysters and oyntments that be made for such purpose The leaues of Plantayne do asswage and mitigate the paine of the Goute and are excellent to be layde vpon swollen members that are full of heate and payne or anguish The iuyce of Plantayne dropped or stilled into the eares is very good against the payne in the same And to be dropped into the eyes against the inflammation and payne of the eyes The same iuyce or the Decoction of the leaues or rootes of Plantayne do cure and heale the naughtie Vlcers of the mouth the tooth ache and the bleeding of the gummes or Iawes whan the mouth is oftentimes wasshed with the same The leaues of Plantayne pounde or stamped with salte and layde to the empostems wennes or harde swellings about the eares and throte cureth the same The roote also is good to be carried or hanged about the necke for the same purpose as some men wryte Of Buckhorne Plantayne / or Coronop Plantayne Chap. lxiiij †The Kyndes THere is founde in this countrey at this present two kindes of herbes both comprehended vnder the name of Crowfoote †The Description THe first Crowfoote or Hartshorne hath long narrow and hearie leaues bringeth forth vpon each side of the leafe three or foure shore startes or branches almost like to the branches of a Hartes horne It lieth spread vpon the ground like a starre Frō the middle of those leaues groweth vp small round hearie stemmes bearing long spiked knappes or torches like the middle Plantayne The roote is long and threddy Pseudocoronopus Buckhorne Plantayne Coronopus Ruellij Coronopispecies peregrina The second crowfoote hath three or foure stemmes or branches creeping vpon the ground alwayes lying flat vpon the earth but neuer mounting or rising higher are set full of long narrow iagged leaues much like to the leaues of the other Crowfoote Plantayne but smaller and nothing hearie The floures be small white growing betwixt the leaues the stalke well fastened to the stēme whan they are decayed there cōmeth forth small flat purses broade rough in whiche the seede is conteyned The roote is white of the length of ones fingar in tast lyke to garden Cressis One may also place amongst the kinds of Coronopus a certayne herbe whiche we shall now offer vnto you the which is a stranger but little knowen in this countrey seing that it is very well like to Harteshorne The leaues be long narrow branched with shorte startes altogither like to the leaues of Hartes horne sauing that sometimes they be bigger They lie also flat spread round vpon the ground and are somewhat rough hearie like the leaues of Hartes horne so that it is harde to know one from an other whan they are both without stalkes and floures But whan this herbe beginneth to haue stalkes and floures than the difference is easily marked for this herbe bringeth forth two or three rounde stalkes parted into sundry branches at the toppe whereof are placed knoppes and buttons like to Cyanus or Corne floure sauing that the scales of the knappes or heades be not so closely couched and layde one vpon an other the sayde scales seeme cleare and thorough shining especially whan the floure is fallen of and withered The floures come forth of the sayde knops or heads in colour and making like the floures of Cychorie but smaller The roote is long and slender †The Place The first kinde groweth in Brabant Flaunders in vntilled sandy places The second also groweth about wayes and dry sandy pathes and vpon bankes and rampiers especially in certayne places about Antwarpe where as it groweth so plentifully that almost one shall see none other herbe The third which is a strange herbe groweth not of his owne kinde in this countrey but it is planted in gardens It groweth plentifully in Languedock in stony and dry places ⧠The Tyme The two first kindes do floure in May and Iune The third floureth in Iuly and August †The Names The first is called in Latine Cornu ceruinum or Herba Stellae and Stellaria in English of Turner and Cooper Herbe Iue and Crowfoote Plantayne of Pena Buckhorne We may also call it Hartes horne Plantayne Buckehorne Plantayne or Coronop Plantayne it is called in French Corne de Cerf or Dent au chien it is vnknowen in Shoppes The Brabanders do call it Hertshoren and Crayenuoet cruyt Some late writers call it in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Pes cornicis in high Douch Kraenfuz supposing it to be the same Coronopus whiche Dioscorides hath described in the. 123. Chap. of his second booke although in deede they be not like at all And therefore we haue called it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Pseudocoronopus that is to say Bastard Crowfoote The second kinde draweth neare to the description of Coronopus made by Dioscorides albeit that notwithstanding
be Polygonon of Dioscorides but for one of the foure kindes of Polygonon whereof Plinie hath writen in the xxvij booke of his History †The Nature All these herbes are colde in the second degree and dry in the thirde astringent and making thicke †The Vertues The iuyce of knotgrasse dronke is good against the spitting of bloud the pissing of bloud and all other fluxe or issue of bloud and is good against vomiting and laskes The same dronken in wine helpeth against the biting of venemouse beasts It is also good against tertian feuers to be dronken an houre before the fit The leaues of knotgrasse boyled in wine or water and dronken stayeth all maner of laskes and fluxes of the belly The bloudy flixe and womens floures the spitting of bloud and all fluxe of bloud aswell as the iuyce The iuyce of knotgrasse put with a Pessarie into the naturall places of women stoppeth the floures and the inordinate course of the same and put into the Nose it stancheth the bleeding of the same poured into the eares it taketh away the payne of the same and dryeth vp the corrupt matter and filth of the same The same boyled in wine and Honie cureth the vlcers and inflammations of the priuie or secrete partes The greene leaues being layde too preuayle much against the great heate burning of the stomacke hoate swellings empostems the consuming burning of S. Anthonies fire and all greene or fresshe woundes Dioscorides also saith that Knotgrasse prouoketh vrine is good for such as pisse drop after droppe the whiche is founde true whan the vrine is hoate and sharpe The female Knotgrasse hath the same vertue as the male Knotgrasse as Dioscorides saith but not so strong And the third kinde also his vertues be much like to the Male knotgrasse Of Horse tayle / or Shauegrasse Chap. lxviij †The Kindes THere be twoo sortes of Horse tayle or Shauegrasse as Dioscorides and Plinie writeth †The Description WHan the great Shauegrasse or Horse tayle beginneth to spring it bringeth foorth rounde naked and hollow stemmes rough and full of ioyntes yea their roughnesse is such that Turners Cutelers other Artificers do vse them to polish make playne smoth their workes as the heftes of knyues Daggers c. At the top of those Asparagus shutes or stemmes groweth smal round and blacke knoppes or tuffets Afterwarde the stemmes do waxe browne and reddishe and bringe foorth rounde about euery knot or ioynte diuers little small slender and knottie russhes It mounteth so high that with his hanging russhes or small branches it is not much vnlyke to a Horse tayle The roote is white and hath ioyntes or knottes lyke the stalke or stemme Maioris Equiseti asparagus The. j. springs or shutes of Horsetayle or shauegrasse Equisetum minus Smal shauegrasse or Horsetayle Equiseti minoris flores The floures of smal Shauegrasse or Horsetayle The small Shauegrasse or Horse tayle is not much vnlike to the great It bringeth forth whan it beginneth to spring bare and naked stemmes that be also round hollow and knotty at the toppe or ende of those stemmes it hath as it were a spiked eare or knop of small white floures whiche perish incontinently Than springeth vp from the roote other shutes or branches full of knottes or ioyntes about the whiche also there groweth round knotty russhes like as in the great Horse tayle or Shauegrasse but not so great nor so rough but more softe and gentell so that they are nothing worth to polishe withall The roote is small blacke and slender †The Place The great Shauegrasse groweth in diches and pondes and very moyst places The small Horsetayle or Shauegrasse groweth in low shadowy places and also in dry sandie fieldes †The Tyme The naked stēmes of the great Horsetayle do spring vp in May. The shutes and blossoms of the small Horsetayle do spring in Aprill shortly after cōmeth vp the stemmes set full of small russhes †The Names These herbes are called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Equisetū Equiseta Equiselis Equinalis and Salix Equina in Shoppes Cauda equina in Italiā Asprella Codo di cauallo prela in Spanish Cola de mula Rabo de mula in English Horse tayle and Shauegrasse in highe Douch Schaffthew in base Almaigne Peertsteert The greater kinde is called Equisetum maius of some Asprella in English great Shauegrasse and Horse tayle in high Douch grosz Schaffthew Roszschwātz Pferdtschwantz Roszwadel Kannenkraut in base Almaigne groot Peertsteert and Kannencruyt The small is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Equisetum minus aut alterum and Equitium And of some as Anthonius Musa writeth Sceuola in English smal Shauegrasse and of some Tadpipes in high Douch kleyn Schaffthew Katzenwedel Ratzenschwantz Katzen saghel in base Almaigne cleyn Peertsteert and Cattensteert Equisetum maius The great Shauegrasse or Horse tayle †The Nature These two Shauegrasses or Horse tayles are colde in the first degree and dry in the second astringent and drying without sharpnesse ⧠The Vertues The decoction of Horse tayle in wine or water dronken stoppeth all fluxe of bloud al other extraordinary fluxes especially the inordinate issue of floures it doth also cure the bloudy flixe and dangerous laske and all other kinde of laskes And for all the aforesayde entents it is a soueraigne remedie as Galen writeth The iuyce of this herbe dronken alone or with wine is of the same operation and effect Horse tayle or Shauegrasse being taken in manner aforesayde is most cōuenient and profitable for all vlcers sores and hurtes of the kidneys the bladder and bowels and against all burstings Horse tayle with his roote boyled is good against the Cough the difficultie and payne of fetching breath and against inwarde burstings as Dioscorides and Plinie writeth The iuyce thereof put into the Nose stancheth the bleeding of the same and with a Pessarie or Mother Subpository conueyed into the naturall places of women stoppeth the floures The same pounde and strowed vpon freshe and greene woundes ioyneth them togither and healeth them also it preserueth them from inflammation And so dothe the powder of the same herbe dryed and strowed vpon new and greene woundes Of white Roote / Solomons seale Chap. lxix ⧠The Kindes WHite roote or Salomons seale is of two sortes The one called the great or broade Seale of Salomon The other is the small and narrow Salomons seale Polygonatum latifolium Broade leaued white roote Polygonatum angustifolium Narrow leaued white roote †The Description THe great Salomons seale hath long roūd stalkes the leaues be long and greene larger longer softer then bay leaues betwixt the whiche leaues and the stalke vpon short stemmes hang pleasant white greene floures long and hollow three or foure togither so that euery stalke doth commonly bring forth moe floures than leaues The floures perisshed they turne into rounde bearies
the which be greene at the first and afterward blacke like Iuy beries or whortes The roote is long of the quantitie of ones fingar full of knobbes or ioyntes and of colour white with many hearie strings in taste at the first sweete but afterward somewhat sharpe and bitter The smal Salomons seale doth not much varie from the other sauing that his leaues be narrower do not grow alone or seuerally one by one but foure or fiue grow out of one knot or ioynte rounde about the stalke almost starre fashion The floures are greener and the fruyte is blacker than the other The roote is smaller and slenderer in all poynts els like to the aforesayde †The Place The great Salomons seale groweth in this country in dry wooddes standing vpon mountaynes The second also groweth in mountaynes and wooddes especially in Almaigne A man shall not lightly finde it in this countrey except in the gardens of such as haue pleasure in herbes †The Tyme They do both floure in May and Iune †The Names Salomons seale is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latin Polygonatum in Shoppes Sigillum Salomonis in Italian Frassinella in Spanish Fraxinella in English also Scala coeli White roote or white wurte in high Douch Weiszwurtz in French Signet de Salomon in base Almaigne Salomons seghel in the Tuscane tunge Frassinella †The Nature Salomons seale is of Nature hoate and dry abstersiue or clensing somewhat astringent †The Vertues The roote of Salomons seale pound doth close vp and heale the woundes wherevpon it is layde The same being freshe and new gathered to be pounde and layde vpon or if one be annoynted with the iuyce thereof it taketh away all spottes freckles blacke and blew markes that happen by beating falling or brusing whether it be in the face or in any other parte of the body This herbe neither yet his roote is good to be taken into the body as Galen writeth Of Fleaworte / or Fleabane Chap. lxx †The Description THe leaues of Fleebane be long narrow and hearie amongst whiche springe vp rounde and tender branches set ful of leaues like them aforesayde but smaller garnisshed at the top with little long round spikie knappes like eares with greenish floures or blossoms which do afterward change into a browne and shyning seede in proportion colour and quantitie like vnto Fleas †The Place This herbe groweth in fieldes and deserte places as Dioscorides saith In this countrey men sow it in gardens and wher as it hath bene once sowē it groweth continually afterwarde of his owne sowing or sheding of seede †The Tyme It floureth in Iuly and August and sometimes also the seede is ripe †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Psyllium and Herba Pulicaris in Shoppes Psyllium in Italian Psillio Psyllion in Spanish Zargatona in English Fleawurte and Fleabane in French Herbeaux poulces in high Douch Flohekraut in base Almaigne Vloycruyt †The Nature The seede of Psyllium or Fleaworte whiche is chiefly vsed in medicine is colde in the second degree and temperate in moysture and drynesse As Galen and Serapio writeth †The Vertues The seede of Fleabane boyled in water or stiped dronken purgeth downewardes Aduste and Cholerique humors by sides this it swageth payne and slaketh the inflammation and heate of the entrayles or bowels and is good agaynst hoate Feuers or burning Agues and all inwarde heates and against great drouth and thirst The same seede somewhat brused but not brokē parched at the fire is good against the bloudy flixe and vehement laske especially whan they proceede of taking strong and violent medicines The seede therof mengled with oyle of Roses vineger or water is good to be straked or applied vnto hoate griefes of the ioynts the apostems swellings behind the eares and other hoate swellings also it is good against head ache The same layde too with vineger is good against the going out of the Nauell and the bursting of yong children The water wherin the seede hath bene soked or stiped is good to be layd to the burning heate called S. Antonies fire and to all hoate swellings It is also good to be dropped into running eares and against the wormes in the same Some holde that if this herbe whiles it is yet greene be strowed in the house that Fleas will not come nor ingender where as it is layed †The Daunger Too much of Fleabane seede taken inwardly is very hurtfull to mans nature it engendreth coldnesse and stiffenesie through out the body with pensiue heauinesse of the harte so that such as haue dronken thereof do sometimes fall into great distresse †The Remedie Whan one hath taken too much of the seede of Fleabane so that he feeleth some noyance or harme aboue all things it shal be good for him to prouoke vomite with medicines conuenient to cast vp if it be possible that which hath bene before takē Afterward giue him to drinke of the best most sauoury old wine that may be gotten by it selfe or boyled with Wormewood or wine mengled with hony and a little lie or the Decoction of Dyll as Serapio writeth And bysides this ye may giue him all things that is good against the dangers that happen of eating greene Coliander Of certayne Herbes / that fleete or swimme vpon the water Chap. lxxj †The Kyndes THere be diuers sortes of herbes that growe in aboue water whereof the greatest parte shal be described in other places other Chapters so that in this present Chapter wee shall intreate but onely of foure or fiue sortes of them that grow vpon the water †The Description THe first and most notable of these kindes of floting herbes the whiche is called water spyke or most cōmonly Pōdeweede hath long roūd knotty branches The leaues grow vpō smal short stems are large great flat layde and carried vpon the water somewhat like to great Plantayne but a great deale smaller The floures grow at the toppe of the branches aboue the water vpon long purple spykie knoppes like to the eares or spikes of Bistorte the which being perished there commeth vp round knoppes wherein the seede is inclosed whiche is harde Potamogeiton Ponde weede Viola Palustris Water violet or Gyllofer The second kinde hath long small stemmes The leaues be long and iagged very small spred abroade vnderneth the water alwayes fiue or sixe standing directly one against an other as the leaues of Madder or Woodrow euery leafe like to Tansie or Yerrow leaues but smaller and more iagged than the leaues of Tansie and greater and broader then the leaues of Yerrow or Milfoyle but not so finely cut as Milfoyle It bringeth forth his floures vpon stalkes or stemmes growing aboue the water alwayes three or foure floures set one against an other parted into fiue leaues like to a little wheele or like stocke Gillofers or like the floures of common Buglosse of
colour white and yellow in the middell The rootes be nothing else but like to long small blacke threedes and at that ende whereby they are fastened to the ground they are white and shyning like Cristall The third herbe swimming vpon the water is called Morsus Ranae or Frog bitte and it hath round leaues layde flatte and spread vpon the water like the leaues of Asarabacca or Folefoote but smaller tied vpon shorte stemmes comming out from the roote The floures grow amongst the leaues and are white and a little yellow in the middell parted into three leaues much like in figure to the floures of water Plantayne the floures of water Milfoyle or Crabs clawe The roote is thicke and shorte with many long threedes or strings like the roote of water Milfoyle There is also carried vpon the water certayne little small greene rounde leaues not much larger then the seede of the pulse called Lentilles hauing vnder them for rootes very small white threddy strings are called water Lentils Duckes meate and Grayues Polyanthemum palustre White Crowfoote or water Crowfoote Amongst the fleeting herbes there is also a certayne herbe whiche some call water Lyuerworte at the rootes whereof hang very many hearie strings like rootes the which doth oftentimes change his vppermost leaues according to the places where as it groweth That whiche groweth within the water carrieth vpon slender stalkes his leaues very small cut much like the leaues of the common Cammomill but before they be vnder the water and growing aboue about the toppe of the stalkes it beareth small rounde leaues somewhat dented or vneuenly cut about That kinde whiche groweth out of the water in the borders of diches hath none other but the small iagged leaues That whiche groweth adioyning to the water is sometimes drenched or ouerwhelmed with water hath also at the top of the stalkes small rounde leaues but much more dented than the round leaues of that whiche groweth alwayes in the water The floures of these herbes are white and of a good sent or smell with a certayne yellow in the middel like the floures of Crowfoote golde Cuppes or Strawbery floures whan they are gone there commeth rounde rough and prickley knoppes like the seede of Crowfoote or Golde knappes †The Place These herbes grow in standing waters and diches †The Tyme Water Spike and Frogge bitte do floure most commonly in Iune The others in May. †The Names The first is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Fontalis Fontinalis of some Spicata vnknowen in Shoppes in English Water spike and Pōdeweede in French Espi d'eaue and Bete Aquatigue in high Douch Zamkraut in base Almaigne Fonteyncruyt The second is counted of some of the wryters in these dayes for a kinde of the herbe called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Millefolium Some call it in French Gyroflee d'eaue in Latine Viola palustris in base Almaigne Water Filieren in English Water Gillofer The thirde is called Morsus ranae that is to say Frogge bitte it hath none other Greeke nor Latin name that I know it is called in base Almaigne Vorschen Beet Cleyn plompen that is Paruam Nymphaeā or small Waterlyllie The water Lentyll is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Lens palustris or Lacustris in Shoppes Lenticula aquae in English water Lentils Duckes meate and Grayues in high Douch Meerlinsen in base Almaigne water Linsen and of some Eynde gruen The fifth whiche is like to Golde cuppe in his floure and seede seemeth in sight to be a kinde of Ranunculus or Crowfoote called in Greeke Polyanthemon Therefore it may be well called in Latine Polyanthenium palustre or Aquaticum in English white Crowfoote water Crowfoote in base Almaigne Witte or water Boterbloemen The Apothecaries of this time do call it Hepatica and Hepatica aquatica or Palustris And do very erroniously vse it for Hepatica †The Nature Pondeweede doth coole and so doth Frogge bitte and water Lentill or Grayues †The Vertues Pondeweede or water Spyke is good to be layde to rotten and consuming or fretting sores and to sores that runne in the legges if it be layde to with hony and vineger as Plinie saith The Decoction thereof boyled in wine is good to be dronken against the bloudy flixe and all other laskes and hath the vertue like Knotgrasse as Galen wryteth Water Lentils or Grayues mengled with fine wheaten floure and layde too preuayleth much against hoate swellings as Phlegmons Erisipeles and the paynes of the ioyntes The same doth also helpe the falling downe of the siege or Arsegut in yong children It is also good against the bursting of young children The three other kindes are not vsed in Medicine Of Alysson Chap. lxxij †The Description THe stem of this herbe is right straight parting it self at the top into three or foure smal branches The leaues be first round and after long whitish and rough or somewhat woolly in handling It bringeth foorth at the top of the branches little yellow floures afterward small rough whitish and flat huskes and almost round fasshioned lyke Bucklers wherein is conteyned a flat seede almost like to the seede of Castell or stocke Gillofers but greater †The Place Alysson as Dioscorides writeth groweth vpō rough mountaynes is not founde in this countrey but in the gardens of some Herboristes †The Tyme It floureth in this countrey in Iune and the seede is ripe in Iuly †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine also Alyssum this is Dioscorides Alysson for Alyssa of Galen and Plinie are vnlike to this of some late writers Lunaria maior This is the right Alysson of Dioscorides for the Alysson of Galen and Plinie is not like vnto this †The Nature Alysson is of a drying nature as Galen writeth Alysson †The Vertues Alysson dronken or holden to the Nose to smell at driueth away yexing or the Hicket The same taken with other meates cureth the rage or madnesse caused by the byting of a madde Dogge The same hanged in the house or at the gate or entry keepeth both man and beast from enchantments and witching Of Scabius Chap. lxxiij †The Kyndes THere are found in this coūtrey three kindes of Scabius like one to an other aswell in the floures as in the leaues Scabiosa Communis Scabius Scabiosae tertium genus Sheepes Scabius †The Description THe first kinde which is the most common the greatest at his first cōming vp his leaues be long and small of a grayishe hore colour and hearie spread abroade vpon the ground amongst the which springeth vp round and hearie shootes or stēmes bearing leaues very iagged of a hoare grayishe colour hearie also in fasshion somewhat like to the leaues of the great Valerian whiche we call Setwall At the toppe of the stalkes groweth blewish floures in thicke tuffets fasshioned like to
a littell flat rounde Hatte The roote is white long and single Of this sorte there is found an other kinde in all poyntes like to the aforesayde sauing that at euery head or knap there groweth in the steede of floures many other small knoppes or littell tuffets of floures hanging downe by long stemmes after the same manner as one may also sometimes see in some kindes of Daysies and Marigolds The second kinde of Scabious is the smallest or least amongst the kindes of Scabious no higher than ones hande much like vnto the great Scabious both in his leaues and floures sauing that it is smaller and the leaues be more deeper cut and iagged The third kinde is as it were a meane betwixte the other twayne smaller than the greatest and bigger than the smallest in floures much like the other twayne The leaues be long hearie and grayish snipt and cut rounde aboute but nothing so much or so deepely gaysht as the two others The roote is long and slender like the roote of the first and greatest Scabious There is also an herbe like vnto Scabious growing to the heigth of a foote half or two foote long with long narrow leaues like to the leaues of the greater Scabious or Diuels bitte the which be somwhat snipt and bluntly cut about the edges The stalkes or stemmes be round vpon the toppes whereof groweth small round knappes or bollines couered with scales like to the knops of blew Bottell or Cornefloure but much greater out of the middest wherof groweth purple hearie floures like to the middell parte of Cyanus or Blew bottell The roote is thicke shorte croked with many threedy strings †The Place The great Scabiouse and Iacea nigra do grow in medowes and pastures The smaller Scabious groweth in medowes and watery groundes that stande lowe Sheepes Scabiouse groweth in the fieldes and by the way sides †The Tyme They do all floure in Iune and Iuly Iacea nigra Materfilon or Knapweede †The Names These herbes were not described of the Auncient writers as far as I can learne and therfore they haue no Greeke nor Latine name to vs knowen The first is now called in Shoppes Scabiosa and of some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in English Scabious in French Scabieuse in Douch Apostemkraut Pestemkraut and Grindtkraut in base Almaigne Scabiose The second is now called Scabiosa minor that is to say small Scabious The third is called in English Sheepes Scabious in French Scabieuse de brebis in base Almaigne Schaeps Scabiose The fourth is now called in Shoppes Iacea nigra and Materfilon and it hath none other name knowen vnto vs. †The Nature All the Scabiouses are hoate dry digesters diuiders of grosse humors †The Vertues Scabious boyled by it self or with his roote in wine or water and dronken doth clense the breast and the lunges and is good against an old Cough the impostems of the breast and all other inward partes as in the clensing ripping sodering healing of the same The same effect hath the Conserue made with the floures of Scabiouse and sugar to be vsed dayly Scabious is also good against all itch scuruinesse to be pound and layde to the same or to be mixte with oyles and oyntments fit for the same The lye wherin Scabious hath ben boyled or stiped doth clense the heare frō all bran or white scurffe whiche is small duste or scales which falleth from the head whan the head and heare is wasshed therewithall The Decoction of Iacea nigra gargeled or whan the mouth is often wasshed therewithall it doth waste consume the impostems of the mouth and throte that are yet fresh and new and doth ripe and breake them that be olde The small Scabious and the sheepes Scabious are not vsed in medicine Of Deuels bitte Chap. lxxiiij †The Description THe stalkes of Deuels bitte are round and of two or three foote lōg bearing broade leaues very little or nothing at al snipt about the edges The floures be of a darke purple colour sometimes white growing round thicke togither like the croppe or floure of Hoppes after the falling away whereof the seede is carried away with the winde The roote is blacke harde short thicke with many threddy strings by the sides the whiche in the middell or as it were about the hart of the same seemeth as it were bitten of †The Place Deuels bit groweth in dry medowes and woodes and about way sides †The Tyme This herbe floureth most cōmonly in August the which being in floure is easie to be knowen otherwise it is somewhat harde to be knowen bycause it doth resemble Scabious or Iacea nigra Morsus Diaboli †The Names It is called in Shops Morsus diaboli in English Deuels bit in French Mors de diable in high Douch Teuffels abbisz in base Almaigne Duyuels beet Of some late writers Succisa in Latine And it hath none other names whereby it is yet knowen †The Nature Deuels bitte is hoate and dry like vnto Scabious †The Vertues The decoctiō of Deuels bit with his roote boyled in wine drōken is good against al the diseases that Scabious serueth for also against the Pestilence The same decoction dissolueth clotted bloud in the body by meanes of any bruse or fall Diuels bitte fressh and greene gathered with his roote and floures pounde or stamped and layde to Carboncles Pestilential sores and Botches doth ripe and heale the same The decoction of the roote boyled in wine and dronken is good against the payne of the Matrix or Mother and against all poyson Of Scordium / or water Germander Chap. lxxv †The Description THis herbe hath square hearie or cottony stalkes creeping by the ground and set vpon euery side with softe crimpled and round whitish leaues nickt snipt roūd about the edges like a saw betwixt which and the stalke groweth littell purple floures like to the floures of dead Nettell but smaller The roote hath threedy strings creeping in the ground †The Place This herbe groweth in moyst medowes neare about diches is found in some partes of the countrey of Brabant †The Tyme Scordion floureth most commonly in Iune Iuly thā is the best gathering of it †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Scordiū Trixago palustris of some Mithridatium in high Douch wasser Batenig and of some Lachen Knoblauch in base Almaigne Water loock in English also Scordion water Germander †The Nature Scordion is hoate dry in the thirde degree Scordium †The Vertues Scordion drōken with wine openeth the stoppings of the Liuer the Milte the Kidneys the Bladder and the Matrix it prouoketh vrine and is good against the stoppings of vrine and strangury whan a man cannot pisse but drop after drop it moueth and prouoketh womens floures The same taken in manner aforesayde is good against the bitting of Serpents and
al other venemous beasts and for them that haue taken any poyson and for them also whiche are bursten or hurte inwardly Dry Scordion made into pouder taken in the quantitie of two drāmes with honied water cureth and stoppeth the bloudy flixe and is good for the paynes of the stomacke The same made into pouder and mengled with Hony and eaten clenseth the breast from all fleume and is good against an old Cough Fresshe and greene Scordion pounde and layde vppon greate greene woundes cureth the same The same dryed and tempered or mixte with Hony or made into pouder and cast into olde woundes and corrupt and rotten vlcers cureth the same and doth eate and waste the prowde and superfluouse flesshe This herbe boyled in water or Vineger and layde vpon the payne of the ioyntes easeth the griefe causing it the sooner to departe Of Teucrion / or wilde Germander Chap. lxxvi †The Description TEucrion hath browne stemmes bringing forth rounde wrinkled leaues snipt and cut round about the edges much like to the leaues of Germander afore described in the xvj Chapter The little small floures are of a sadde purple or browne redde colour like to the floures of Germander The roote is whyte and of hearie of threddy strings †The Place This herbe as Dioscorides saith is found in Cilicia in this countrey it is not to be found but sowen or planted in the gardens of certayne Herboristes †The Tyme That which groweth in this coūtrey is seene in floure in Iune and Iuly †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Teucrium vnknowen in Shoppes in English wilde Germander in high Douch it is called of some Grosz batengel that is to say great Germander Teucrion †The Nature Teucrion as Paulus Aegineta saith is hoate in the second degree and dry in the thirde ⧠The Vertues Teucrion boyled in wyne and dronken openeth the stoppings of the Milte or Spleene and cureth the swelling and hardnes of the same for whiche purpose it is very good and hath a singuler propertie The herbe pounde with Figges and Vineger worketh the same effect being layde vpon the place of the Spleene in maner of a playster Teucrion onely mengled with vineger is good to be layde to the bytings and stingings of venemous beasts Of Houselyke and Sengreene Chap. lxxvij †The Kindes SEngreene as Dioscorides wryteth is of three sortes The one is great the other small and the thirde is that whiche is called Stone Croppe and Stone hore Semperuiuum maius Houselike or Sengreene Semperuiuum minus Prickmadam Crassula minor Wild Prickmadam Great Stone crop Illecebra Stone crop Stone Hore †The Description THe great Sengreene hath great fat and thicke leaues as large as a mans thombe and sharpe at the end fasshioned like a tounge emongst whiche leaues there groweth vp a stalke of the length of a foote or more beset and decked roūd about with leaues like to the first parting it self afterward about the toppe into diuers other branches alongst the which groweth a great many of browne or reddish floures Prickmadame hath small narrow thicke and sharpe poynted leaues The stalkes be great and tender of a spanne long beset round about with the round and sharpe poynted leaues aforesayde the whiche do bring forth at the top smal yellow and starre like-floures The roote is small and creepeth by the ground Amongst the kindes of Sengreene also at this time there is conteyned the herbe called Crassula minor whiche is great stone Crop called of some wilde Prickmadam or wormegrasse the which hath tender stalkes and leaues somwhat long all rounde and reddishe like vnto small wormes euery worme lyke to a wheate corne The floures be white and like the floures of Prickmadam but smaller Small Stone crop is somewhat like to wilde Prickmadam or Vermicularis the ignorant Apothecaries do gather it in steede of Vermicularis or Crassula minor not without great errour and to the perill and daunger of the sicke and diseased people in so vsing it in steede of Crassula minor It hath tender stalkes couered or set full of very small short and thicke leaues growing neare togither The floures at the toppe of the stemmes are yellow and like to the floures of Prickemadame but greater There may be also placed amōgst the kindes of Sengreene a certayne smal herbe very like to the aforesayd in making and growth sauing that his leaues are somewhat larger thicker the whole herbe is eger or sharpe with white floures †The Place The greater Sengreene or Houselike groweth in many places vpon olde walles and houses where as it hath bene planted The small Sengreene whiche we call Prickmadam groweth not in this countrey but onely in gardens where as it is planted The great and small Stone croppe groweth in stonie and sandy countries and vpon olde walles The fifth kinde also groweth vpō old walles but not here in this countrey ⧠The Tyme Houselike or great Sengreene floureth in Iuly and August The other kindes floure in May and Iune †The Names Sengreene is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Sedum and Semperuiuum of Apuleius Vitalis The first is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Sedum Semperuiuum magnum of Apuleius 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Shops Barba Iouis in Italian Semper viua in Spanish Yerua pruntera in English Houselike and Sengreene in French Ioubarbe and grande Ioubarbe in high Douch Hauswurtz and grosz Donderbart in bas Almaigne Donderbaert The second is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Semperuiuum or Sedum minus of some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of Apuleius Erithales in English Prickmadam in French Triquemadame in high Douch klein Dōderbart in base Almaigne cleyn Donderbaert The third kinde is called in Shoppes Crassula minor and Vermicularis in Italian Herba grauelosa Vermicolare in Spanish Vuas de perro vermicular in English wilde Prickmadam great Stone Croppe or Worme grasse in base Almaigne Bladeloose and Papecullekens The fourth is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Illecebra in English Stone Crop and Stone Hore of some it is called Wall Pepper in French Pain d'oyseau in high Douch Maurpfeffer Katzentreublin in base Almaigne Muerpeper The fifth is called of the later writers Capraria and we know none other name to call it by †The Nature The great and small Sengreene and the fifth kinde called Capraria are colde and dry in the third degree The great and small Stone Crop are hoate and dry almost in the fourth degree †The Vertues The Decoction of the great Sengreene or the iuyce thereof drōken is good against the bloudy flixe and all other flixes of the belly and against the byting of Phalanges whiche is a kinde of fielde Spyders The iuyce thereof mengled with parched Barlie meale and oyle of Roses is good to be layde to the paynes or aking of the head
The same iuyce dropped into eyes is good against the inflammation of the same and so is the herbe brused and layde outwardly therevnto They iuyce of Sengreene conueyed into the Matrix with a Pessary of cotton or wooll stoppeth the running of the floures Sengreene brused alone or mengled with parched barlie meale is good to be layde to S. Anthonies fire and to hoate burning fretting vlcers or sores and vpon scaldings and burnings and all inflammations It is also good to be layde to the goute comming of hoate humors The small Sengreene or thrifte Stone crop hath the like vertue The iuyce of small Stone crop or wall Pepper taken with vineger causeth vomite and to cast out by vomiting grosse and slymie flegmes and hoate Cholerique humors Also it is good against Feuers and all poyson taken within the body but yet it may not be ministred except vnto strong and lustie people This Stone crop mingled with Swynes grease dissolueth and driueth away wennes and harde swellings being layde therevnto The herbe alone layde vpon the bare skinne causeth the same to waxe red and to rise full of wheles and blisters and pearceth the whole flessh It hath bene tried by experience that Capraria brused with pourcelets called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and oyle of Roses cureth the blinde Hemorrhoides that are not open or pearced if it be applied thereto Of the kindes of Kali / or Saltworte Chap. lxxviij †The Description THe herbe named of the Arabians Kali or Alkali hath many grosse stalkes of halfe a foote or nine inches long out of them groweth small leaues somewhat long thicke not much vnlike the leaues of Prickmadam sauing they be longer and sharpe poynted with a harde prickley toppe or poynt so that for this consideration the whole plant is very rough and sharpe and his leaues be so dangerous and hurtfull by reason of their sharp prickles that they cannot be very easily touched Amongst the leaues groweth small yellow floures and after them followeth small seede The roote is somewhat long weake and slender This herbe is salte and full of iuyce or sap like Anthyllis altera which is before described in the seuenth Chapter There is an other herbe in nature much like vnto this the whiche is called Salicornia the same hath stalkes without leaues and diuideth it selfe agayne into sundry and diuers other branches with many knottes and ioyntes easie to be pluckte of or broken away euery of the sayde ioyntes are of the quantitie of a wheate Corne. This plante is also salte in taste and full of iuyce like Kali Kali Salteworte Salicornia Sea grape or knotted Kali Of these two plantes are made Alumen Catinum and Sal Alcali whiche is much vsed in the making of glasses and for diuers other purposes †The Place These herbes grow in saltish groundes by the Sea side or Coaste in Zealand and England †The Tyme These herbes are found in their naturall places in Sommer †The Names The first is called in Italian Soda in Spanish Barilla and Soda Barilla and it is the right Kali or Alkali of the Arabians some call it in English Salte worte we may also call it Kali or Prickled Kali The second is now called Salicornia it is a certaine kinde of Kali Some call it in English Sea grape and knotted or ioynted Kali The Axsen or asshes whiche are made of burnt Kali is called in Latine of the Alcumistes and Glassemakers Alumen Catinum but the Salte whiche is made of the same Axsen is called Sal Alcali And that which fleeteth or swimmeth vpon the stuffe whereof Glasses are made is now called in Shoppes Axungia vitri in English the fatte or floure of Glasse in French Suin de voirre in Douch Smout van ghelasen in Italian Fior de Cristallo ▪ that is to say in Latin Flos Crystalli in English the Creame or floure of Crystall †The Nature These herbes be salte and therefore drie Of Sophia / or Flixeweede Chap. lxxix †The Description SOphia or Flixweede his leaues be much iagged like to the leaues of Coliander or Wormewood Romayne The stalkes be roūde and harde like to the stalkes of Rue and bringeth forth at the toppe small pale or bicake yellow floures and after them little long and tender Coddes or huskes in which is conteyned a small reddish seede The roote is of a wooddishe substance long and straight †The Place Sophia groweth alongst by wayes in vntilled places and specially where as there hath bene in tunes past any buyldings And where as it hath bene ones sowen it cōmeth vp yearely of his owne accorde †The Tyme This herbe beginneth to floure in Iune and continueth so flouring vntill September within this space the seede may be gathered †The Names This herbe is now called Sophia in English Sophia Flixewort in French Argentine in high Douch Welsomen in base Almaigne Fiecruyt and Root melizoen cruyt Thalietrum †The Nature Sophia dryeth without any sharpnes or manifest heate †The Vertues The seede of Flixeweede or Sophia drōken with wine or water of the Smithes forge stoppeth the bloudy flixe the laske and all other issue of bloud Sophia brused or pounde and layde vpon old vlcers and sores closeth healeth them vp and that bycause it dryeth without acrimonie or sharpnesse Of Spooneworte Cha. lxxx ⧠The Description SPooneworte at the first his leaues be broade and thicke somwhat hollow aboue like to a little Spoone and somwhat crested about the edges almost like the leaues of Romayne sorrel sauing that they be not so softe and tender nor so white but harde and of a browne greene Cochlearia colour The stemmes also be somewhat crested of the length of ones hande or a foote long The littell floures be white and growe at the toppe of the stalkes alongst the brāches whan they are gone there followeth the smal seede which is reddish and inclosed in little huskes The roote is threedy †The Place Spooneworte groweth in many places of Holland and Friseland and the countries adioyning about diches and in medowes In Brabant they sowe it in gardens ⧠The Tyme Spooneworte floureth in Aprill May and afterwardes †The Names This herbe is called in Holand and Flaunders Lepelcruyt in French Herbe aux cuiliers in English Spooneworte and accordingly it is called in Latine Cochlearia in high Douche Leffelkraut †The Nature Spooneworte is hoate dry of a sharpe biting tast almost like kresses †The Vertues Spooneworte boyled in water is a singuler medicine against the corrupt rotten vlcers and stench of the mouth if it be often wasshed therewithall This is also a singuler remedie against the disease of the mouth called of Hipocrates Voluulus haematites of Plinie Stomacace and of Marcellus Oscedo and of the Hollanders and Friselanders Scuerbuyck against whiche euill it hath bene lately proued to be very good and is in great estimation and muche vsed of the Hollanders and Friseans
supina that is to say Low and base Veruayne the whiche againe is diuided into two sortes the male and female †The Description THe straight or vpright Veruayne hath vpright and straight stemmes of the heigth of a foote and more full of braunches with small blewishe floures growing vpon the same The leaues be greene dented about and in some places deepely cut or torne lyke an Oken leafe The roote is short and hath many threedy strings Verbeneca recta Vpright Veruayne Hiera Botane mas Flat Veruayne Hiera Botane foemina The female flat or low Veruayne The flatte or creeping Veruayne hath tender hearie and square stalkes or branches of the length of a foote or a foote a halfe creeping by the grounde with roundish leaues dent or snipt round about like to Oken leaues or the leaues of Germander described in the xvj Chapter of this booke but far smaller then Oken leaues greater than the leaues of Germander the floures be fayre and blew growing alongst the branches at the top After which there commeth small flat coddes or pursses like the seede of Paules Betony whiche we cal Speede well The roote is thredy The second kinde of flatte or creeping Veruayne whiche is also the female low Veruayne is very like to the aforesayd so that as Plinie in the xix Chap. of his xxv booke writeth Some haue made no difference betwixt the Male and Female and to say the truth there is but small differēce betwixt these two herbes for the female is very wel like to the male aswell in stēs as in the leaues floures and rootes sauing that the stemmes of the female are rounder his leaues be somwhat smaller and hath more store of branches comming vp from the roote The floures also grow thicker or nearer togither than the floures of the male flat Veruayne †The Place The first kinde of Veruayne groweth in rude places about hedges walles wayes streates and diches The second kinde groweth in gardens and lowe shadowy places and of this forte the male is more common than the female †The Tyme The Veruaynes floure most commonly in Iuly †The Names The first kinde of Veruayne is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Verbeneca Columbina Columbaris Herba sanguinalis Crista gallinacea Exupera and of some Feria or Ferraria Trixago Verbena recta and Columbina recta in Shoppes Verbena in Italian Vermina tola vrgibaon y Macho in English Veruayne or Varueyn in French Veruaine in high Douch Eisernkraut Eisernhart Eisernrich in base Almaigne Verbene Ysercruyt and Yserhert The second kind is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 at this time 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of Pythagoras Erysisceptrum and of some others Demetria in Latine Sacra herba Verbenaca supina and Cincinalis of Apuleius Licinia Lustrago Columbina supina and Militaris in Shoppes very erroneously it is called Chamedryos or Chamedrys in English Base or flat Veruayne in high Douch Erdtweirauch and of some following the errour of the Apothecaries Gamanderle and Blawmenderle in base Almaigne it may be called Neere oft cruypende Verbene that is to say in French Veruaine basse ouse trainant par terre †The Nature These two kindes of Veruayne are of a drying power †The Vertues The leaues of vpright Veruayne or the roote alone or both together boyled in water are very good for the sores and vlcers of the mouth and iawes if the mouth be wasshed with the same Decoction The Decoction of the herbe or of his roote swageth tooth ache fasteneth loose teeth to be often gargled withall or kept a good space within the mouth The same dronken continually by the space of fiue dayes cureth the grypings of the belly Veruayne mengled with oyle of Roses and vineger or boyled in oyle layd to the head after the manner of a playster cureth the head ache The same vertue hath a garlande or Corone of Veruayne against head ache to be worne vpō the head as Archigenes saith The leaues of Veruayne pound with swynes grease or oyle of Roses doth mitigate appeace the paynes of the Mother or Matrix to be applied thereto The same pound with vineger are good to be layde to S. Anthonies fyre and naughtie scuruie and rotten sores and stamped or pounde with Hony it healeth greene woundes and closeth vp olde The flat and base Veruayne is good against all venim and poyson against the bytings and stinging of Serpents and other venemous beasts to be dronken in wine or layde vpon the greefe The leaues thereof dronken in olde wine the weight of a dram and halfe with asmuch Frankēcens by the space of fortie dayes fasting cureth the Iaundes It is good to wasshe the mouth with the Decoction of the leaues and roote thereof boyled in wine against the fretting festering sores of the mouth and iawes or the almondes or kernels vnder the throte The greene leaues pound layd too taketh away the swelling the paine of hoate impostems and tumors and clenseth corrupt and rotten vlcers Some write that the water wherin this Veruayne hath bene stiped being cast or sprinckled about the hall or place whereas any feast or banket is kepte maketh all the company both lustie and merie And that a branche of three knottes or ioyntes of this herbe is good to be dronken against a feuer tertian and a branche of foure ioyntes is good against a feuer quartayne Of Nettell Chap. lxxxvij †The Kindes THere be two kindes of Nettels The one is the burning and stinging Nettell The other is the dead Nettell whiche doth not burne nor sting at all And each of these kindes is of diuers sortes For of the hoate and stinging Nettell there be three kindes that is to say the Greeke or Romayne Nettels and the great the small the burning Nettels whereas againe they are diuided into two kindes to wit the Male and the Female so that the Romayne Nettell is the Male and the other twayne are the Female The dead Nettell shal be described in the next Chapter †The Description THE Romayne Nettell hath round rough hollow and hearie stalkes The leaues belong rough burning or stinging deepely natched or dented aboute betwixt the leaues the stalke it bringeth foorth small rounde and rough buttōs or pellettes full of browne flatte shiuing seede like vnto lyne-seede but rounder smaller Vrtica syluestris The wilde Nettell or Romayne Nettell Vrtica maior The great cōmon Nettell The small Nettell is like to the Nettels aforesayd but it is much smaller not exceeding in length a foote or a foote and a halfe The stalkes be round and rough and the leaues belike to the other sauing they be smaller and greener The seede is bigger and the roote is shorter †The Place The Romayne Nettels are found in some woodes of this countrey as the wood of Soignie but not very commonly it is also sowen in the gardens of Herboristes
frutefull medowes †The Tyme This leafe is founde with his littell tonge in Aprill and May the whole herbe vanissheth away in Iune †The Names Plinie as some learned men iudge calleth this herb Lingua Linguace and Lingulace it is now called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Lingua serpentis in some countries Lancea Christi and in other places Lucciola in English Adders tonge Serpents tonge in French Langue de serpent in highe Douch Naterzunglin in Brabāt On s Heeren speer cruyt and Natertonghesken †The Nature Adders tongue is dry in the third degree and of Nature very like Pyrola Ophioglosson ⧠The Vertues Adders tonge is also good very singuler to heale woundes both inward and outwarde it is also good against burstings or Ruptures to be prepared taken in like sorte as Pyrola The Decoction of the same made with water and dronken is good against hoate feuers the inflammations of the liuer and against all inwarde and outwarde heates The same incorporated or mengled with Swynes grease is good against burning and spreading sores or the disease called the wilde fire also against burnings and all hoate tumors and impostems Of Zunaria Chap. xciiij ⧠The Description THe small Lunarie also bringeth forth but one leafe iagged cut on both sides into fiue or sixe deepe cuttes or natches not much vnlike the leaues of the right Scolopendria but it is longer larger and greener Vpō the sayde leafe groweth a stem of a span long bearing at the top many smal seedes clustering together like grapes The roote is of threedy strings †The Place This herbe groweth vpon high dry and grasie moūtaines or hilles by dales heaths †The Tyme The small Lunarie is founde in May and Iune but afterward it vanisheth away †The Names This herbe is now called in Latine Lunaria Lunaria minor of some in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in English Lunarie or Moonewort in Frēch Petite Lunaire in high Douch Monkraut and klein Monkraut in base Almaigne Maencruyt cleyn Maencruyt The people of Sauoy do call it Tore or Taure †The Nature It is colde dry of temperature very like to Pyrola and Adders tonge Lunaria minor ⧠The Vertues This herb is also very good singuler to heale woūdes of vertue facultie like to Pyrola Serpents tonge very conuenient for all such griefes as they do serue vnto the Alchimistes also do make great accōpt of this herbe about their Science Of Thorow waxe / or Thorowleafe Chap. xcv †The Description THorowleafe hath a round slēder stalke ful of branches the branches passing or going thorow the leaues as if they had bene drawē thorough the leaues whiche be rounde bare tender at the top of the branches growe the floures as it were crownes amōgst small little leaues of a pale or faint yelow colour the which do afterwards chāge into a broune seede The roote is single white somwhat threddy †The Place This herbe groweth in many places of Germany and England in the Corne fieldes amongst the wheate rye They do also plant it in gardens Perfoliatum ⧠The Tyme It floureth in Iuly and August †The Names This herbe is now called in Latine Perfoliatum and Perfoliata in English Thorowwaxe and Thorowleafe in French Persefueille in high Douch Durchwachsz in base Almaigne Duerwas It is very doubtful whether this be Cacalia of Dioscorides †The Nature Thorowwaxe is of a dry complexion †The Vertues The decoctiō of Thorowwaxe boyled in water or wine healeth woundes and so doth the greene leaues brused and layde therevpon Thorowwaxe mengled with waxe or with some oyle or oyntment fitte to cure woundes healeth burstings or Harmes of yong Children being layde therevpon The same herbe whan it is yet greene brused and pounde with meale and wine and layde vpon the Nauels of yong Children keepeth vp the bowels drawing them into their naturall place and setleth them that fall too much downe and flaketh the same whan they are blasted vp and swollen And so doth the seede also made into pouder and layde too after the like manner Of Burnet / or Pimpinell Chap. xcvi †The Kyndes PImpinell is of two sortes the great and wilde and the small garden Pimpinell Pimpinella maior Wilde Burnet Sideritis altera Pimpinella minor Garden Burnet †The Description THe great wilde Pimpinell or Burnet hath long round stemmes two or three foote high vpon the whiche groweth leaues somewhat long dented round about and tied by long stemmes tenne or twelue leaues growing by a stemme standing displayed directly one against an other like vnto winges At the top of the stalkes are round knops or heads compact togither as it were of small purles or buttons the which at their opening bring forth small floures of a browne redde colour after them commeth a triangled seede The roote is long and thicke The small or garden Pimpinell is very much like vnto the wilde but it is in all points smaller and of sauour and smell more amiable or pleasant It hath softe and tender stalkes of a foote high or somewhat more set with a softe and fine heare or Cotton The leaues be like vnto the other sauing they be a great deale smaller greene aboue and blewishe vnderneath The floures be not so browne but of an incarnate or liuely redde with small yellow threedes hanging forth of the middest of them The roote is like to the other but a great deale smaller †The Place The wild or great Pimpinell groweth in dry medowes there is stoore of it found growing about Viluorde The small Pimpinell is commonly planted in the gardens of this countrey †The Tyme They do both floure in Iune and sometimes sooner and oftentimes vntill August †The Names Pimpinell is now called in Latine Pimpinella Bipennula Pampinula and of some Sanguisorba Solbastrella in Spanish Frexinna in English Burnet and Pimpinell in high Douch Kolbleskraut Hergotsbartlin Blutkraut and Megelkraut in base Almaigne Pimpinelle This herbe seemeth to be very well like to Sideritis altera of Dioscorides †The Nature Pimpinell is dry in the third degree and colde in the second astringent †The Vertues The decoction of Pimpinell dronken cureth the bloudy flixe the spitting of bloud the pissing of bloud and the naturall issue of women and all other fluxe of bloud The herbe and the seede made into pouder and dronke with wine or water wherein Iron hath bene often quenched doth the like and so doth the herbe alone being but onely holden in a mans hande as some haue writen The greene leaues brused and layde vpon woundes keepe them from inflammation and apostumation Moreouer they are good to be layde vpon phlegmons whiche are hoate tumors swellings and vlcers Pimpinell also is very good to heale woundes and is receyued in drinkes that be made for woundes to put away inflammation and to stanche bleeding to much The leaues of Pimpinell stiped in wine and
Sengreene and Knights yerrow / or Woundworte Chap. cj. †The Kindes VNder the title of Stratiotes that is to say Knights woundworte or Water yearrow Dioscorides describeth twoo herbes well knowen in this countrie The one called Crabbes clawe The other water Milfoyle or Yearrow Sedum aquatile Water Sengreene Stratiotes potamios Knights woundeworte †The Description THe first whiche is called Knights Woundworte or water Sengreene is a water herbe whiche fleeteth vpon the water not muche vnlike the great Sengreene before that he bringeth foorth his stalke but that it is greater The leaues be narrow of halfe a foote long hauing vpon each side sharpe teeth and prickley poyntes or indented Corners like to Bitter Aloes or Sea aygreene but muche smaller narrower and shorter The floures are vpon short stemmes and grow foorth by the sides of the leaues and are white and diuided into three with a certayne throm or hearie yellow in the middell and growe out of a clouen huske like to a Crabbes Clawe It hath none other roote sauing a very shorte stemme broade and thicke aboue and very small and tender vnderneath from whence springe vp the leaues by the sayde shorte stemme vnderneath the leaues growe long threedes like to very fine and small lutestrings here and there stretching themselues euen to the bottom of the water by the whiche it taketh holde and draweth sustenance from the grounde Certayne deceytfull and naughtie Rogues that would be taken for cunning Physitions with their Treacles Scammonie and Playsters do gather of the fine strings and hearie rootes aforesayde and put them into Phiols or Glasses full of water and set them openly in their shoppe windowes or standings to be seene of the people whereby they make the people to beleeue that that they be wormes whiche they haue caused men to auoyde with theyr pouders Sugar and Oyntments The second kinde called Knights Milfoyle bycause of the great multitude and number of leaues hath long small and narrow leaues deepely cut in vpon bothe sides like to the winge fethers of some smal byrdes For as the feathers of byrdes haue as it were a stemme or a certayne ribbe in the middell from whence there grow out vpon eache side long narrow barres plumes or fine heares euen so in like manner these small leaues haue also a ribbe or sinew in the middell from whence there growe out vpon bothe sides small and narrow leaues euery leafe like to the hearie barres or plumes of such smal feathers Amongst the sayde leaues groweth vp a stalke or stemme of a span long bearing leaues like to the aforesayde and at the top a fayre tufte bushe or nosegay of many small yellow floures like the common Yearrow or Milfoyle The roote is tender and threedy †The Place The first kinde groweth in this countrey in pondes and pooles is found in diuers diches that are neare to the Riuers of Eschauld and Dele in the countrey of Brabant The other groweth in very good and ranke medowes but a man shall finde it very seldome †The Tyme Water Sengreene floureth in May. The other in August †The Names The first is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Militaris and it may be well called Sedum aquatile in English Knights worte Knights woundeworte or Knightes water woundworte Knights Pondeworte and of some Knights water Sengreene in base Almaigne Crabbenclaw and after the Greeke Ruyters cruyt or water Ruyters cruyt The second is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Militaris millefolia in English Knights Milfoyle souldiers Yerrow and yellow knighten Yerrow in French Herbe militaire à millefueilles and Millefueille iaulne in base Almaigne Geel Geruwe †The Nature Knights woundeworte of the water is colde and dry The other with the thousand leaues called Knighten Mylfoile is dry and somewhat astringent †The Vertues The first Knights worte boyled in water and dronken stoppeth the pissing of bloud and cureth the woundes and vlcers of the kidneys and the vse of it is good against all inwarde woundes The leaues therof pounde and layde vpon greene woundes keepeth them from inflammation and apostumation or swelling The same layde too with vineger cureth the wilde fyre or S. Anthonies fire with other hoate tumors as Phlegmons c. The yellow Knights worte or Souldiers Milfoyle is singuler good against all kinde of olde and new vlcers it cureth Fistulas it stancheth bloud it soudereth bringeth togither and cureth woundes whether it be pounde or brused and so layde vpon or mixt with oyles oyntments and emplaysters that are made for such purposes Of Yarrow / or common Milfoyle Chap. cij ⧠The Description MIlfoyle hath round hollow stalkes of a foote and halfe long the leaues be long and very fine and deepely iagged vpon both sides euen harde vnto the middell ribbe or sinew very wel like to the smallest leaues of Coriander or Southrenwood The floures grow in fayre rounde tuffets or busshes at the toppe of the stalke and are most commonly all white sometimes also in this countrey of a purplish colour and as Dioscorides writeth sometimes all yellow the whiche as yet hath not bene seene in this countrie The roote is blacke and threedy †The Place Milfoyle groweth plentifully in this countrey about paths high wayes and the borders of fieldes †The Tyme It floureth from Iune to September †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Achillea and Achillea sideritis of Apuleius Myriophyllon Myriomorphos Chiliophyllon Stratioticon Heracleon Chrysitis Supercilium Veneris Acron syluaticum Militaris and of some Diodela in Shoppes at this present Millefolium in Italian Millefoglio in Spanishe Yerua Milloyas in English also Milfoyle Yerrow and Nose bleede in French Millefueille in high Douch Garben Schaffgrasz Schaffrip and Tausenblaet in base Almaigne Geruwe Achillea Some count Achillea to be that kinde of Tansie whiche we before in the tenth Chapter of this present booke haue named the small white Tansie as it is there declared †The occasion of the Name This herbe had his name Achillea of the noble and valiant knight Achilles whose valiant actes noble Historie were described by Homer The sayde Achilles vsed this herbe very much and it was firste taught him by the Centaure Chiron With this herbe Achilles cured the woundes and sores of Telephus the sonne of Hercules †The Nature Milfoyle is very dry and astringent †The Vertues The Decoction of Milfoyle dronken doth cure and stoppe the bloudy flixe and all other laskes The same dronken stoppeth all fluxes but especially the redde fluxe in women that floweth to abundantly It worketh the same effect being applied to the secrete partes or if one sitte or bathe in the decoction thereof The same brused and layde vpon woundes stoppeth the bloud and keepeth the same from inflammation and swelling and cureth the same Of Comfrey Chap. ciij. †The Description COmfrey hath rough hearie stalkes and long rough leaues much like the
leaues of commō Buglosse but much greater and blacker The floures be rounde and hollow like little belles most commonly white and sometimes reddish The roote is blacke without and white within very clammy or slimie to touche †The Place Comfrey groweth alongst by diches and in moyst places †The Tyme It floureth in Iune and Iuly †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Symphytū magnum Solidago in Shoppes Consolida maior in Italian Consolida maggiore in Spanish Suelda mayor Consuelda mayor in English Comfrey and Comferie in Frēch Consyre in high Douch Walwurtz grosz Beinwel in base Almaigne Waelwortel †The Nature Comfrey is hoate and dry in the second degree Symphytum magnum †The Vertues The rootes of Comfrey pound and dronken are good for them that spitte bloud and healeth all inwarde woundes and burstings The same also beyng brused and layde to in manner of a playster do heale all greene and fresshe woundes and are so glutinatiue that if it be sodde with chopte or minsed meate it wil reioyne and bring it all togither againe into one masse or lumpe The rootes of Comferie boyled and dronken do clense the breast from flegmes and cureth the grieffes or hurtes of the Lunges They haue the lyke vertue being mengled with sugar syropes or Honny to be often taken into the mouth or licked The same with the leaues of Grounswell are good to be layde vpon all hoate tumors or inflammations especially to the inflammations of the fundament or siege The same also are good to be pounde layde vpon burstings or ruptures ¶ The ende of the first parte of Dodonęus Herball ⧠The seconde parte of the Historie of Plantes / intreating of the differences / proportions / names / properties and vertues of pleasant and sweete smelling floures herbes and seedes and suche like Written by that famous D. Rembertus Dodoneus now Physition to the Emperour Of Marche Violets Chap. i. †The Kyndes THere be two sortes of Violets the garden and the wilde Violet The Garden violets are of a fayre darke or shining deepe blewe colour and a very pleasant and amiable smell The wilde Violets are without sauour and of a fainte blewe or pale colour †The Description The sweete Garden or Marche violet creepeth alongst the ground like the Strawberie plante fastening it selfe and taking roote in diuers places his leaues be rounde and blackish like to Iuye leaues sauing they be smaller rounder and tenderer emongst the whiche leaues there springeth vp fayre pleasant floures of a darke blew colour eache floure growing alone by him selfe vpon a little small and tender stemme The floures are diuided into fiue small leaues wherof the middle of the floures with the tippes or poynted endes of the leaues are speckled or spotted with a certayne reddish yellow After the floures there appeareth round bullets or huskes full of seede the whiche being ripe do open and diuide themselues into three partes the roote is tender of threddish strings Viola Nigra The blacke or purple Violet Of this sorte there is an other kinde planted in gardens whose floures are very double and full of leaues There is also a thirde kinde bearing floures as white as snow And also a fourth kinde but not very common whose floures be of a darke Crymsen or old reddish purple colour in all other poyntes like to the first as in his leaues seede and growing The wilde is like to the garden Violet but that his leaues are far smaller his floures are somwhat greater but much paler yea sometimes almost white and without sauour ⧠The Place The sweete garden Violet groweth vnder hedges and about the borders of fieldes and pastures in good ground and fertyle soyle and it is also set and planted in gardens The wilde kinde whiche is without smell groweth in the borders of dry leane and barren fieldes The garden violet floureth in Marche and Aprill The wilde also doth floure in Aprill and afterwardes †The Names The sweete Violet is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Viola nigra Viola purpurea of Virgil Vaccinium in Shoppes Viola in English Violets the garden Violet the sweete Violet and the Marche violet in Italian Viola porporea and Viola mammola in Spanish Violetas in Frenche Violette de Mars ou de quaresme in high Douch Blauw veiel or Mertzen violen in base Almaigne Violetten the Violet plante or herbe is called in Shoppes Violaria and Mater violarum †The cause of the Greeke name The sweete Violet as the Emperour Constantine wryteth was called in Greeke Ion after the name of that sweete guirle or pleasant damosell Io which Iupiter after that he had gotte her with childe turned her into a trim Heaffer or gallant Cowe bycause that his wife Iuno beyng bothe an angry and Ielous Goddesse should not suspect that he loued Ion. In the honour of which his Io as also for her more delicate and holsome feeding the earth at the commaundement of Iupiter brought foorth Violettes the whiche after the name of his welbeloued Io he called in Greeke Ion and therefore they are also called in Latine as some do wryte Violae quasi vitulae Vaccinia Nicander wryteth that the name of Ion was giuen vnto Violettes bycause of the Nymphes of Ionia who firste of all presented Iupiter with these kindes of floures †The Nature or Temperament Violets are colde in the first degree and moyst in the second †The Vertues The Decoction of Violets is good against hoate feuers and the inflammation of the Liuer and all other inwarde partes driuing forth by siege the hoate and cholerique humors The like propertie hath the iuyce syrupe or conserue of the same The syrupe of Violets is good against the inflammation of the lunges and breast and against the Pleurisie and cough and also against feuers or Agues but especially in yong children The same Syrupe cureth all inflammations and roughnesse of the throte if it be much kept or often holden in the mouth The sugar of violets and also the conserue and iuyce bringeth the same to passe That yellow whiche is in the middest of the floures boyled in water is good to be gargled in the throte agaynst the squinancie or swelling in the throte it is also good to be dronken agaynst the falling sickenesse in yong children Violets pounde and layde to the head alone or mengled with oyle remoueth the extreame heate swageth head-ache prouoketh sleepe and moysteneth the brayne it is good therefore against the drynesse of the head against melancholy and dulnesse or heauinesse of Spirite Violets brused or stamped with barlie meale are good to be layde vpon phlegmons that is to say hoate unpostumes or carbuncles and they heale the inflammation and paine of the eyes also the hoate vlcers and the inflammation that commeth with the falling downe of the fundament The seede of Violettes dronken with wine or water is good agaynst the
stingings of Scorpions The herbe or plante is very good against hoate feuers and the inflammations of the liuer and looseth the belly The wilde Violets are almost of the same vertue but they be a great deale weaker and therefore they are not vsed in Medicine Of Pances / or hartes ease Chap. ij ⧠The Description PAnces hath triangled stemmes with many ioynts his leaues are blackish and dented or toothed rounde about like a sawe betwixte the whiche leaues there growe vp from the stalke small naked or bare stēmes bringing forth fayre pleasant floures parted into fiue littell leaues like to a Violet each floure being of three diuerse colours whereof the highest leaues for the most parte are of a violet and purple colour the others are blewishe or yellow with blacke and yellow streekes alongst the same and the middell hearie afterwarde there appeare small Bollyns or knoppy huskes wherin the yellow seede is inclosed †The Place These floures do grow in gardens there is many of them found growing amongst the stubble in corne fieldes †The Tyme They begin to floure incōtinent after the Violets and remayne flouring al the sommer long Viola tricolor †The Names This floure is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Viola slammea Flamma ▪ at this time Viola tricolor Herba Trinitatis Iacea and Herba Clauellata in English Pances Loue in idlenes and Hartes ease in Frēch Penseé and Penseé menue in high Douch Freyscham Freyschamkraut and Dreyfeltigkeytblumen in base Almaigne Dryevuldicheyt bloemen and Penseen †The Temperament Panses are dry and temperate in colde and heate †The Vertues These floures boyled and dronken do cure and stay the beginnings of the falling euill or the disease of young children that foome and cast by froth wherfore it is called in high Douch Freyscham The same floures boyled with their herbe or plante and giuen to be drōken doth clense the lunges and breast and are very good for feuers and inward inflammations or heates Planta haec maximè probatur ad glutinanda vulnera tā exterius illita quà m interius sumpta adhae ad entero caelas In quem vsum puluerem eius mensura dimidij cochlearis ex vino austero foelici successu propinant Of the Wall floure Chap. iij. †The Description THe yellow Gillofer or Wall floure is a littell shrubbe or bushe that is greene both winter somer whose stalkes are harde of a woody substance and full of branches the leaues growing thereon are somwhat thicke set long narrow and greene at the top of the stalkes or branches growe the floures whiche be very yellow and fayre of a pleasant smell euery floure diuided into foure smal leaues the whiche perisshed there commeth vp long Coddes or huskes wherein is conteyned seede whiche is large flatte and yellow †The Place The yellow Gillofer or Wall floure groweth vpon olde walles stonehilled houses is cōmonly planted in gardens †The Tyme The yellow Gillofer doth chiefly floure in March Aprill and May. †The Names The yellow Gillofer is a kinde of violets called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the which are also called in Latine Leucoia lutea and of Serapio and the Apothecaries Keyri of Plinie who hath seuered them from Leucoion that is to say from the stocke Gillofer or rather the white violet Violae luteae in Italian Viola giala in Spanish Violetas amarillas in English Yellow Gillofers Wall floures and Hartes ease in French Violes iaunes Giroflée iaulne in high Douch Geel veiel in Brabant geel Vilieren steen Vilieren Viola lutea †The Nature Wall floures are hoate and dry and of subtill partes †The Vertues Wall floures dryed and boyled in water prouoketh drine and causeth wemen to haue their termes it cureth the Scirrhos or harde impostems of the Mother whan the same is stewed or bathed therewith The same floures with oyle and waxe brought into a playster do heale the choppes or riftes of the siege and fundament or falling downe of the Arse-gut and closeth vp olde vlcers The Wall floure mengled with Hony cureth the naughtie vlcers and swellings of the mouth The quantitie of two drāmes of the seede of Wallfloures dronken in wine bringeth downe womens floures deliuereth the Secondyne and the dead childe It doth all the same very well being conueyed into the Matrix or Mother in a Passarie The iuyce of this Gillofer dropped into the Eyes doth wast and scatter all spottes and dimnesse of the same The roote stamped with vineger cureth the hardnesse of the Splene or Melte being applied thereto Of Stocke Gillofers / Garnesee Violets Chap. iiij †The Kyndes THere are found two kindes of these Gillofloures The one is great and called the Castell or stocke Gillofer the whiche may be kept both winter and somer The other is not so bigge and is called the small stocke Gillofer the whiche must be yearely sowen againe and bringeth forth his floure and seede the same yeare †The Description THese two kindes of Violets or Gillofers are not muche vnlike Walfloures sauing that their leaues be whiter and softer The great Castell or stocke Gillofer his stalkes be harde and straight of the heigth of two or three foote with long narrow and softe leaues like Molyn far greater longer larger than the leaues of Walfloures or yellow Gillofers The floures be of a fragrant or pleasant smel in fasshion and smell like to Hartes ease or Walfloures but much larger of colour sometimes white sometimes ayshe colour sometimes Carnation Stamell or Scarlet colour sometimes redde and sometimes Violet after whiche floures commeth long huskes or Coddes wherin is flat or large seede The small Castell or stocke Gillofer is like to the great in his stalkes whitish wollie softe leaues also in the sweete smel and fragrant sauour of his floures in the diuersitie of colours in his coddes and seede sauing that it is smaller in all respectes not exceeding the length of a mans foote of small continuance and perisshing euery yeare Leucoion †The Place These kindes of Gillofers are sowen in the gardens of this coūtrey of this sorte there is found an other kinde in places neare the sea coast as in Zealand not farre from the shore but the same is smaller and lower than that whiche groweth in gardens †The Tyme The great Castell gillofer floureth in Marche and Aprill a yeare after the sowing The smaller floureth in Iuly and August the same yeare that it is first sowen †The Names These Violets especially the greater kind are called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Violae albae and is so called bycause his leaues be white but not the leaues of the floures for they be of diuers colours as is before sayde they be called in Italian Viola biancha in Spanish Violetas blancas Some of the late writers do call them Violae matronales that is to say Dames violets but this name doth rather belong to an other
sorte of Violets whereof we shal intreate in the next Chapter following But if we ought to call these Violets by the aforesayde name the name will best agree with the small Castell Gilofer The greater sorte is called in English Garnesie Violets white Gilofer Stocke Gilofer Castell Gilofer the smaller kinde may be so called also The greater sorte is called in base Almaigne Stock Vilieren and the smaller sorte is also called of them Heeten Vilieren †The Temperament These Violets are hoate and dry of nature somwhat like to Walfloures ⧠The Vertues The floures of stocke Gillofers boyled in water dronken is good against the difficultie of breathing and the cough These Violets do likewise prouoke the floures and vryne and do cause to sweate if one do sitte ouer a bathe or stewe full of the decoction thereof To conclude they are of nature very like to the yellow or Walgilofer The whiche yet notwithstanding is in all respectes better fitter in Medicine than the stocke Gilofers Of Dames violets / or Gilofloures Chap. v. †The Description DAmes Gillofers hath greate large leaues of a browne greene colour somwhat snipt or dented rounde aboute the edges Amongst the whiche springeth vp a stemme beset with the like leaues full of branches whiche beareth sweete and pleasant floures at the toppe in proportion like to the Gillofers aforesayde most commonly of a white colour sometimes carnation and somtimes reddish afterwardes cōme vp long rounde coddes or huskes in whiche the seede is conteyned Of this kinde of Damaske Violets or Gillofloures are they also which ar now called Dētarias wherof there be ij sortes The first hath fiue leaues or moe like hempe growing vpon one litle stem the stalkes be smal and short not much aboue the heigth of nine inches vpon thē grow smal floures of a violet colour in proportion like to Garnesee violets or Dames Gillofloures after them comme huskes seede like to them The rootes be somewhat thicke vneuen and as they were couered with certayne scales Violae Matronales The other his leaues grow alongst the little stalkes are spread abroade like to the leaues of the Aishe or Walnut trees sauing they be smaller The floures be almost white the huskes or cods are like to the huskes of garnesey violets the rootes be rough vneuen much like to the rootes of the first kind †The Place The violets or Gillofers are very common almost in all gardens †The Tyme They floure in May and oftentimes else whiles Somer lasteth †The Names These floures be now called in Latine Violae Matronales in English Damaske violets Dames violets or Gillofers and Rogues gillofers in French Violettes de Dames in high Douch Winter violen wherefore some do also call them in Latine Hyberna viola or Viola hyemalis in base Almaigne Mastbloemen and after the Latine name they call it Ionefrouwen vilieren whiche may be Englished Dames violets The other kinde is knowen by the name of Dentarie and is not otherwise knowen to vs. †The Temperament and Vertues These floures are not vsed in medicine therefore their temperature and naturall operation is yet vnknowen Of Bolbanac / or strange Violets Chap. vi ⧠The Description BOlbanac hath hard round stēs full of branches his leaues be great large dented or tothed of a brownegreene colour and snipt or dented about the edges not much vnlike the leaues of the Fylberte or Hassel tree The floures be like to the floures of Damaske violets of a pale purple colour the whiche being vanisshed there commeth vp white huskes which be flat rounde and very large of the quantitie of a groote or Testerne wherein is conteyned a browne seede after the fasshion of the Moone the whiche may be seene thorough the thinne huskes or skinne of the Codde The roote is white a litle thicke and somwhat knottie or knobbie which after that it hath borne sede perissheth Yet there is founde a certayne kinde whose roote dieth not yearely and that kinde both in his leaues broad huskes is smaller than the abouesayde Viola Latifolia †The Place This herbe is founde sowen in certayne gardens of this countrey †The Tyme Bolbonac floureth in Aprill and May the next yeare after the sowing †The Names Forasmuch as these floures are somewhat like vnto violets therefore they are now placed amongst the kindes of Violets and are called in Latine Violae Latifoliae of some Violae peregrinę For vnder the name of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Greeke and Viola in Latine are commonly comprehended all sortes of floures whiche be any thing like vnto Violets The Herboristes and certayne Apothecaries do call this herbe by a certayne barbarous and strange name Bolbonac the Brabanders or base Almaignes do call it Penninckbloemen that is to say Penny floure or mony floure and they call it also Paeschbloemen The Auncients did account it for a kinde of Thlaspie especially for that kinde descrybed by Crateuas whiche some do call Sinapi Persicum and of Dioscorides Thlaspie Crateuae †The Temperament and Vertues The seede of this herbe is sharpe and biteth the tongue and of a drying qualitie and therefore is in vertue like the other Thlaspi Of Gillofers Chap. vij †The Kyndes VNder the name of Gillofers at this time diuerse sortes of floures are contayned Wherof they call the first the Cloue gillofer whiche in deede is of Diuerse sortes variable colours the other is the small or single Gillofer his kinde The third is that which we cal in English sweete Williams Colminiers wherevnto we may well ioyne the wilde Gillofer or Cockow floure which is not much vnlike the smaller sort of garden Gillofers Vetonica altilis Carnations and the double-cloaue Gillofers Vetonica altilis minor The single Gillofers Soppes in wine and Pinkes c. †The Description The Cloue gillofer hath long small blades almost like Leeke blades The stalke is round and of a foote and halfe long full of ioyntes and knops it beareth two leaues at euery ioynt or knot The floures grow at the top of the stalkes or stemmes out of long round smooth huskes and dented or toothed aboue like the spice called cloaues or like to a littell crownet out of the whiche the small feathered leaues do grow rounde about spread in compasse whereof some be of colour white some carnation or of a liuely flesshe colour some be of a cleare or bright redde some of a darke or deepe redde and some speckled and do all smell almost like Cloues Whan the floures be past there groweth in the sayde round cuppes or huskes other long poynted huskes like barlie cornes in which the small blacke seede is inclosed Armerius flos primus Sweete Williams Armerius flos tertius Vetonica syluestris Wilde Williams or Cockow Gillofers The Pynkes and small feathered Gillofers are like to the double or cloaue Gillofers in leaues stalkes floures sauing they be single and a great deale smaller
eyes whan it is either dropped into the eyes or else that the eyes be wasshed therewithall Of Marygolds Chap. xiij †The Description THe Marygolde hath three or foure stalkes of a foote and a half long set with leaues somewhat long large and of a white greene colour at the toppe of the stalkes growe pleasant bright shining yellow floures somewhat strong in sauour the whiche do close at the setting downe of the Sunne and do spread and open againe at the Sunne rising Each floure hath in the middest thereof a yellow or browne crowne like to a shauen Crowne about the circuyt or compasse wherof there are set many littell small yellow leaues Whan the floures are vanisshed there groweth in the places from whence they fell certayne round knops like vnto great buttons cōpact of many crooked seedes growing togither into a knop like a button each seede alone is croked like to a halfe Circle or the new Moone The roote is white and threddy †The Place These floures do grow in euery garden where as they are sowē and they do yearly spring vp a new of the fallen seede Calendula ⧠The Tyme They floure almost euery moneth in the yeare but especially from May vntill winter †The Names They be now called in Latine Calendula and of some Caltha and Calthula in English Marygoldes and Ruddes in Italian Fior rancio in French du Soucy and Sousie in high Douch Ringelblumen in base Almaigne Goutbloemen Pena calleth it in Latine Caltha poetarum and Chrysanthemon †The Nature The Marygolde in complexion is hoate and dry †The Vertues The floures by them selues or togither with their plante boyled in wine dronken prouoketh the Menstruall fluxe The same with their herbe dryed and strowed vpon quicke coles draweth forth the secondyne or afterbirth with the dead childe the fume thereof being receyued at the conuenient place The distilled water of Marygoldes put into the eyes cureth the rednesse and inflammation of the same The conserue that is made of the floures of Marygoldes taken in the morning fasting cureth the trembling and shaking of the harte it is also good to be vsed against the Plague and corruption of the ayre Of Horse floure / or Cowe wheate Chap. xiiij †The Description HOrse floure hath a straight stemme of a foote long with three or foure branches by the sides couered with long narrow leaues at the toppe of the braunches growe fayre spiked eares full of floures and small leaues deepely cut and iagged in proportion not much vnlike to a Foxetayle This eare beginneth to floure below so it goeth flouring by little and littell vpward Before the opening of the floures the small leaues buddes of the floures are all of a fayre blewish purple colour and immediatly after the opening of the floures they are of a yellow colour mixed with purple and after the falling away of the floures those small purple leaues do also loose their colour and waxe greene and in steede of the floures there commeth broade huskes wherein commonly are inclosed two seedes not much vnlike vnto wheate cornes but a great deale smaller and browner The roote is slender and of woody substance †The Place This plant groweth amongst wheate and Spelt in good frutefull groundes †The Tyme Melampyrum floureth in Iune and somtimes in Iuly Melampyrum Triticum vaccinum †The Names They call this herbe now in Latine Triticum vaccinum or Triticum bouinum that is to say Cow wheate or Oxe wheate in French Bled noir ▪ that is to say Blacke wheate or Corne in high Douch Kuweyssen and of some Braun fleischblumen in Brabant Peertsbloemen that is to say Horse floure And it should seeme to be that vnprofitable herbe wherof Theophrastus writeth in his viij booke Chap .v. And Galen Primo de alimentorum facultatibus Cap. vltimo called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Melampyrum which as they do write is but a weede or vnprofitable plante growing amongst wheate and so called bycause of the seede whiche is blacke and proportioned like wheate Yet this is not the Melampyrum of Dioscorides the whiche also is called Myagrion †The Nature Horse floure or Blacke wheate especially the grayne or feede is hoate and rayseth vp fumes †The Vertues The seede of this herbe taken in meate or drinke troubleth the braynes causing headache and dronkennesse yet not so much as Yuray or Darnell Vaccis pabulo grata inuocua Of Zarckes spurre Chap. xv †The Kyndes THere be two sortes of Consolida regalis whereof one kinde groweth in gardens and the other is wilde Delphinium Garden Larkes spurre Bucinum Wilde Larkes spurre ⧠The Description THe garden Larkes spurre hath a round straight stem full of branches fet with tender leaues all iagged and cut very small or frenged much like to the leaues of the smaller Southrenwood The floures grow alongst the stalkes at the toppe of the branches and are compacte of fiue littell leaues growing togither somewhat like to the March violet sauing that one of the leaues of this floure is long and hollow hauing behind it a croked spurre or tayle turning like the floure of wilde Lyn or Toode flaxe These floures are of colour sometimes purple blewe sometimes white and sometimes Carnation after the falling of of these floures there commeth vp long roddes wherein is conteyned browne seede The wilde Larkes spurre is lyke the other but a great deale smaller in his stalkes and leaues and in length shorter These floures are like to the about-sayde but they be much smaller and grow not so well togither of a fayre purple blew colour like vnto Violets and after them also commeth vp coddes wherein the seede is contayned †The Place The garden Larkes spurre is sowen in this coūtrie in the gardens of Herboristes The wilde groweth amongst corne in fertill countries †The Tyme The garden Larkes spurre floureth all the Somerlong The wilde floureth in Iune and Iuly †The Names The garden Larkes spurre is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and in Latine Delphinium of some late wryters Flos regius or Flos equestris Also Calcatrippa in Italian Sperone de Caualliere The wilde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Delphinum alterum 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Bucinum it is now called in Latine Cōsolidaregia aut regalis in English Kings Confounde wilde Larkes spurre or Larckes Claw in French Consoulde royale and Pied d'alouette in high Douch Rittersporn and according to the same in base Almaigne Riddersporen that is to say Knightes spurre †The Nature Larkes Claw in complexion is temperately warme †The Vertues The seede of the garden Larckes spurre dronken is very good agaynst the stinging of Scorpions in deede his vertue is so great against their poyson that the only herbe throwen before the Scorpions doth cause them to be without force or power to do hurte so that they may not moue or sturre vntill this herbe
be taken from them The seede of wilde Larkes spurre is of vertue like to the garden Larke spurre but not so strong Of Columbyne Chap. xvi †The Description COlumbyne hath great broade leaues with ij or iij. deepe cuts or gasshes in the leaues like to the leaues of the great Celondyne but whiter in some kindes of a darke sage colour but of no strong sent or sauour neither yelding forth any such yellow iuyce sappe or liquor whan it is brokē or brused as the Celondyne doth The stalkes be round playne or smoth of ij or iij. foote long vpon which growe the floures cōpact of two kindes of little leaues wherof one sorte are small narrow the others growing with them ar hollow with a long croked tayle like larkes Claw bending somwhat towards the proportiō of the necke of a Culuer The floures are somtimes single somtimes dubble of colour somtimes blew somtimes white sometimes skie colour somtimes red somtimes speckled intermēgled with blew white After the vanisshing of the sayde floures there commeth foorth iiij or fiue sharpe huskes or cods growing ioyntly togither wherein is cōteyned a blacke shining seede Aquilegia †The Place They sowe and plante them here in gardens and they do also grow in high woodes and rockes but not in this countrie †The Tyme They floure most commonly in May and Iune †The Names This floure is now called in Latine Aquilegia or Aquileia and of the later writers Columbina vnknowen of the Auncients howbeit some-late wryters make a question whether it he Ponthos Theophrasti siue Desiderium after the interpretation of Gaza it is called in English Columbine of the shape proportion of the leaues of the floures whiche do seeme to expresse the figure of a Doue or Culuer in French Ancoly in high Douch Agley and Ageley in base Almaigne Akeley †The Nature Columbine is temperate in heate and moysture †The Vertues This floure as Ruellius writeth is not vsed in Medicine howbeit some of the new wryters do affirme it to be good against the Iaundice and sounding and it openeth the wayes of the Liuer and the people vse it against the inflammation and sores of the iawes and windepipe These floures mengled with wheaten meale make a good playster against scratches and gaules Of Goates bearde / or Iosephs floure Chap. xvii Barba hirci Scurzonera †The Description GOates Bearde hath a round straight knottie stem couered with long narrow leaues almost like to Garlycke leaues At the toppe of the stemmes it beareth fayre double floures and full of colour sometimes blewishe purple with golden threedes in the middell and sometimes yellow the whiche in the morning at Sunne rising do open and spreade abroade and do turne bende towards the Sunne and do close agayne and go togither at noone After the vanisshing of whiche floures out of the knoppes or heades from whence the floures are fallen there groweth a certayne long seede with a hearie tufte at the toppe And whan this seede is ripe his knoppie head openeth and is changed or turned into a rounde hearie baule lyke to the heads of Dantedelyon which fleeth away with the winde The roote is long and as thicke as a finger in taste sweete The whole herbe with his stemmes leaues floures and roote is full of white sappe or iuyce like milke the whiche commeth forth whan the plante is broken or brused The Spaniardes Scurzonera seemeth also to be a kinde of Tragoponon or Buckes bearde it hath long broade leaues and somewhat thicke and vneuen aboute the borders or edges a slender stemme parted into diuers branches whereon groweth floures very like to the floures of Tragopogon and of a yellow colour the roote is long and thicke and white within and couered with a thinne blacke barke or rinde †The Place Goates Bearde groweth in certayne medowes it is also planted in gardens for the beawtie of his floures Scurzonera groweth in Spayne vpon diuers shadowie mountaynes and in moyst watery places it is also often founde in Thoringia a countrie of Germanie †The Tyme The floures of bothe these kindes of Plantes come foorth in May and Iune †The Names This hearbe is now called in Latine Barba hirci and is taken for the herbe whiche the Auncients called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Barbula hirci and Coma in English Goates bearde Iosephs floure Starre of Hierusalem and Go to bedde at Noone in French Barbe de bouq and Barbe de Prestre in high Douch Bocksbart Gauchbroot in base Almaigne Bocxbaert and Iosephs Bloemen The Spaniardes call the other Scurzoneram whiche is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Echium in Greeke and in Latine Viperinam †The Nature Goates bearde is temperate in heate and moysture †The Vertues The roote of Goates bearde boyled in water dronken swageth paynes and cureth the prickings and empostems of the side The sayde roote also is very good to be vsed in meates and Salades to be taken as the rootes of Rampions Scurzonera is thought to be maruelous good against the bytings of Vipers and Snakes and other venemous beastes Of floure Gentill / or purple Veluer floure Cap. xviij ⧠The Description FLoure Gentill hath rounde stalkes full of branches the leaues be long and large somewhat like the leaues of Pettie Morrell or Night shade but much greater amongst that which groweth alongst the branches fayre long spiked eares or floures of Crimsen purple colour softe and gentill in handling lyke Crymson veluet the whiche dothe not lightly fade or decay but may be preserued and kept a long time in theyr colour and beautie especially if they be dryed in an ouen that is halfe hoate The seede groweth in the spikie tuftes or eares and is small and all blacke There is an other kinde altogither like to the aforesayd in stalkes leaues seede and roote sauing that his eares or spikie tuftes are not fasshioned like the others but are larger and not so thicke set and do bende bowe downe againe at the toppe lyke feathers so that it maketh a gallant shew and doth also keepe his Crymson colour like to the other There is yet a third kynde like to the others but it groweth to the heigth of nine or ten foote All his leaues are much larger his stalkes are thicker and harder and straked or crested with ribbes standing foorth his spikie tuftes or earie floures are greater longer and fuller but not of so fayre a colour or pleasant hew for it fadeth incontinent and turneth into a greenish herbelike colour as soone as it is gathered Amaranthus purpureus †The Place These kindes of herbes grow not in this countrey except they be sowen or planted in gardens The wemen of Italie make great accoumpt of the second kinde bycause of his pleasant beautie so that ye shall not lightly come into any garden there that hath not this herbe in it †The Tyme They bring forth their floures
or spikie tuftes in August and the seede is rype in September †The Names These pleasant tufts or floures are called of Plinie libro 21. Cap. 8. Amaranthus and of some late writers Flos Amoris and Amaranthus purpureus in Italian Fior vellino in English floure Gentill Floramor Purple veluet floure in French Passeuelours in high Douch Samatblumen Floramor and Dausent schoon in base Almaigne Flouweelbloemen †The Nature These floures are of complexion colde and dry †The Vertues Floure Gentill or Floramor boyled in wine and drōken stoppeth the laske and the blouddie flixe Of Daysies Chap. xix †The Kyndes THere are two kindes of Daysies the great and the small The small also is of two kindes whereof the one groweth in gardens the other groweth wilde †The Description The greate wilde Dasie hath grene leaues somwhat lōg dented roūd about the stem is round and set with like leaues groweth somtimes to the heigh of ij foot lōg at the top whereof it beareth fayre floures in the middell and set rounde aboute with a little border of small white leaues in manner of a pale not much vnlike the floures of the cōmon Camomill but much greater and without sauour Whā they perishe the littell smal white leaues fall downe the yellow in the middell which is the seede swelleth vp The small garden Dasie hath his leaues somewhat like to the abouesayde but they are smaller and not so much dented It sendeth foorth his floures from the roote vpon shorte small stemmes somewhat like the floures of the great Daysie sauing that the small leaues whiche in the great Daysie do compasse the yellow in the middle are so thicke sette or so double that a man shall perceiue very littell of the yellow in the middell or none at all And these floures are sometimes white somtimes very redde sometimes speckled or partie coloured of white and redde There growe also sometimes aboute the compasse of the sayde littell floures many more as it were small floures growing vpon small stemmes out of the knops or cuppes of the sayde floures The roote is white and threddy Bellis maior The great wild Daysie or Maudelynwurte Bellis minor hortensis The small garden Daysie The small wilde Daysie is like to the small garden Daysie in his leaues His littell floures do also spring vp from the roote vpon short stemmes they be also yellow in the middell and set aboute with little white leaues after the order of the great Daysie but they are a great deale smaller and without sauour as all the other sortes of Daysies be The roote is like to the roote of the small garden Daysie †The Place The great Daysie and the small wilde Daysie do grow in medowes and moyste pastures The fayre double garden Daysie is planted and set in gardens †The Tyme The great Daysie floureth most commonly in May. The small garden Daysie floureth from May all the Sommer long The small wilde Daysie floureth very timely in March and sometimes sooner and continueth flouring vntill Aprill and somewhat later †The Names These floures are called of Plinie in Latine Bellis and Bellius and now they are called in Latine Consolida minor and Herba Margarita of some Primula veris especially the small wilde Daysie in English Daysies in French Marguerites or Pasquettes in high Douch Maszlieben Massuselen and in some places Seitloszlin in Brabant Madelieuen and Kersouwen Bellis minor syluestris The small wilde Daysie †The Temperament These floures and herbes are of nature colde and moyst ⧠The Vertues and effects The decoction of the small Daysies with their leaues or boyled alone in water is good to be dronken against Agues the inflammatiō of the Liuer and all other inwarde partes The herbe taken in meates or potages doth loose the belly gentilly Mawdelenwurte or the herbie parte of the wilde Daysie is good against all burning vlcers and impostems and against the inflammation and running of the eyes being applied thereto The same layde vnto woundes keepeth the same from inflammation and impostumation Of Canterbury Belles / or Haskewurte Chap. xx ¶ The Kyndes THere be diuers herbes whiche haue floures like Belles whereof this Throtewurte or Haskewurte is a kinde of whiche we shall speake in this Chapter and it is also of three sortes that is to say the great and small and the creeping kinde ⧠The Description THe great Belfloure hath square rough hearie stalkes vpon whiche growe sharpe poynted leaues dented rounde aboute like to Nettell leaues the floures grow alongst the stalkes lyke Belles and like the floures of Rampions but farre greater and rough hearie within of colour sometimes white sometimes blew and sometimes Carnation or flesshe colour It beginneth to floure at the toppe of the stalke and so goeth florisshing downewarde The floures past the seede whiche is small and graye commeth vp in long knoppie huskes like the Rampion seede The roote is white much wrythen and interlaced Trachelium maius Great Haskewurte or Belfloure Trachelium minus The lesse Haskewurte or Belfloure Auicularia The small Belfloure in stalkes is like to the great sauing that it groweth not so high the leaues be somewhat long smaller whiter and not so deepely dented as the leaues of the greater Belfloure but very well like vnto Sage leaues The small Belles are violet and purple growing at the toppe of the stalke and clustering thicker then the floures of the great Belfloure The roote is slender and very threedy The third in his leaues stalkes is lyke to the first but his leaues be smaller and not so deepely cut The floures hang downewardes and grow almost harde by the stalke of a light violet colour in proportion and making like to the others The rootes most commonly are slender and crokedly creeping alongst the ground putting foorth new springs plantes in diuers places frō whiche groweth small long and thicke rootes not muche vnlike Rampions whereof both this and the former sortes are a certayne kinde There may be very well ioyned vnto these Belfloures the pleasant floures whiche are called at Paris Auicularia seing that they be somewhat lyke to the floures of Haskewurte or Belfloure The plante that beareth these floures groweth to the heigth of a hande breadth or twayne the stalkes are small and tender and set full of small leaues The floures growe at the toppe of the stalkes of a fayre purple colour almost fasshioned lyke a Bell or Cymball with a small white clapper in the middle They open after Sunne rysing and close agayne towardes Sunne sette and whan they be close they haue fyue crestes or playtes like the Belfloures or Couentrie Marians or wilde Rapes or lyke to Rampions and such other floures before theyr opening †The Place Both these Belfloures grow of their owne kinde in certayne dry meades and pastures and they be also planted in gardens The thirde is founde in diuers Champion places and sweete
pastures of Zealand And it is also planted in gardens where as it prospereth ouermuch for it doth so spread abroade and multiplie that it hurteth other herbes and cannot easily be weeded or ouercome Auicularia groweth in good ground in fields amongst wheate or where as wheate hath growen †The Tyme They floure most commonly in Iuly †The Names The Belflower is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and in Latine Trachelium Ceruicaria and Vuularia according to the Douch name in English they be called Belfloures and of some Canterbury Belles The Plante may be very wel called Haskewurte or Throtewurte in French Gantel'ee in high Douch Halszkraut in base Almaigne Halscruyt And they are like the kindes of Rampions as the Couentrie Marians violet or wilde Rape is whereof shall be written here vnder The thirde kinde is vnknowen in the Shoppes of this countrie The Herboristes of Fraunce do call it Auicularia the Brabanders call it Urouwen spiegel And I know none other name except it be the herbe that is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Onobrichis that is to say the braying or sounding againe of the Asse wherevnto it hath some small proportion or similitude †The Nature Belfloure is of a complexion colde and dry like to Rampion wherfore it may be vsed in meate as the Rampions †The Vertues The Belfloure boyled in water is soueraigne to cure the payne and inflammation of the necke and inside of the throte and it is good against all vlcerations of the mouth if one do gargle or wash his mouth therewithall Of Autumne Belfloures / or Calathian Violets Chap. xxj ⧠The Description AMongst all the kindes of Belfloures there is none more beutiful in colour then this it hath small straight knottie stemmes at euery knot or ioint it hath two leaues set directly one against an other whiche be long narrow by each side whereof as also at the top of the stalke groweth forth pleasant floures whiche be long hollow alwayes bending outwardes like to a small long bell with two or three small white threedes in the middle They are of a blew colour so cleare and excellent that they seeme to passe the azured skies Whan they are paste there cōmeth vp in the middle of the floure a round long huske full of long small seede Calathiana viola †The Place These pleasant floures grow in moyst medowes low vntilled groundes standing in frutefull soyles ⧠The Tyme They are in floure about the end of August and September †The Names Plinie calleth these floures in Latine Campanulae Autumnales Viola Autumnalis we may also cal them in English Autumne Belfloures Calathian violets or Autumne violets in high Douch they are called Lungen blume for the which cause Cordus calleth them Pneumonanthe and truly it seemeth to be a certayne kinde of Gentian in base Almaigne it is called blauw Leliekens and Duysent schoon †The Temperament and Vertues The temperament nature and propertie of these pleasant little floures are very like vnto Gentian as the bitter taste declareth Of Marians violet / or Couentrie Belles Chap. xxij †The Description THis braue pleasant floure hath his first leaues whiche grow next the ground long broade and somwhat hearie not much vnlike the leaues of wild rose Campions from the middest whereof springeth vp the second yeare after the sowing or planting one stalke or moe full of branches set with suche like leaues but somwhat smaller there grow vpon the sayde branches many fayre and pleasant hollow floures most commonly of a cleare purple colour and sometimes white in proportion very well like to the common Belfloure but much larger and rounder and not so deepely cut about the brimmes or edges the whiche also before their opening are folden togither as it were with fiue crested playtes or edges Whan they are past there cōmeth vp smal roūd buttons or huskes with fiue rough endes or tayles whiche be hollow short plyed or turned backe in all things else like to the knops or huskes of Rampion or the common Belfloure The seede is in the middle of the sayde knoppie huskes it is small broune coloured like a Chestnutte The roote is white and thicke and putteth forth by the sides diuers other rootes Viola Mariana †The Place These pleasant floures grow about Couentrie in England and are founde sowen in the gardens of Herboristes and are not yet very common ⧠The Tyme They floure from Iuly vntill September and afterwarde and notwithstanding though they seeme alwayes to floure yet they do also beare seede so that oftentimes as soone as this herbe beginneth to floure one may alwayes finde vpon the same buddes floures and ripe seede †The Names Men do now call these pleasant floures in Latine Violae Marianae that is to say in English Marianes violets we may also cal them Couentrie Rapes in base Almaigne Marietes of the old writers in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 In Latine Rapum syluestre Of this kind also are the Belfloures described afore in the xx Chapter of this Booke †The Nature These floures and their roote specially are colde and dry †The Vertues Their vertue is all one with the other Belfloures and may be vsed in like sorte They vse about Couētrie in England where as great store of these plantes do grow to eate their rootes in Salads as Pena writeth in his booke intituled Stirpium aduersaria noua Fol. 138. Of Blew belles Chap. xxiij †The Description THese floures whan their plant beginneth first to spring vp out of the ground haue small rounde leaues like to Marche violets amongst the whiche springeth vp a long high hollow stalke set with long narrow swartgreene leaues amongst the whiche also at the top of the stalke grow fayre Belles or hollow floures greater than the floures of Rampion of colour blew turning towardes purple most commonly but sometimes also they be white Whan they are fallen away the seede is founde in small bullets or huskes like Rampion seede The roote is small and threedie The whole plante is full of white sappe or iuyce like milke the whiche commeth foorth whan the herbe is broken or brused and tasteth like Rampions There is also a wild kinde of these floures the which is like to the aforesaid in growing leaues stalkes floures and seede Neuerthelesse it is a great deale and in all respects smaller and it yeeldeth a white iuyce also like the first There is also a certayne thirde kinde of this Blew belfloure muche greater than the first his stalkes be long and high his leaues be somewhat large and it hath very many floures growing alongst the stalkes as it were littell small Belles of a fayre blew colour and after them certayne hollow little huskes or Celles his roote at the first is long and slender but whan the plante waxeth olde the roote is full of knots and knobbes and diuided into sundry branches and finally this herbe is
full of white sape like to the first Campanula caerulea satiua †The Place They plante the first kinde in gardens And the smal wild kinde groweth in the borders of fields vnder hedges †The Tyme They floure in Iune Iuly And the wilde doth also floure vntill August †The Names These floures be now called Fayre in sight in French Belle videre in Douch Blauw clocxkens that is to say in Latine Campanula caerulea All these three plantes are very like that herbe whiche is called of Theophrastus in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and in Latine of Plinie Iasione †The Nature and Vertues These floures be not vsed in medicine wherefore the temperature and vertues thereof are vnknowen Of Foxe gloue Chap. xxiiij †The Description FOxe gloue hath long broade swartgreene leaues somwhat dented about the edges somwhat like the leaues of wilde Mulleyne amongst the whiche springeth vp a straight rounde stem of twoo Cubites long or there aboute by one side whereof from the middle to the very toppe there growe fayre long round hollow floures fasshioned like finger stalles of colour sometimes carnation and speckled in the inside with white spots and sometimes all white sometimes yellow Whan they are fallen of there appeareth rounde sharpepoynted huskes in which is conteyned the seede of a bitter taste The roote is blacke full of threedy strings †The Place It groweth in stony places mountaynes in darke shadowie valleys or coombes where as there hath bene myning for Iron and Smithes cole It is also planted in certayne gardens †The Tyme Foxe gloue floureth chiefly in Iuly and August Digitalis †The Names This herbe is now called in Latine Digitalis Campanula syluestris and Nola syluestris in English Foxe gloue in French Gantz nostre Dame and Digitale in high Douch Fingerhut Fingerkraut Waldt glocklin Waldt schell in base Almaigne Vingerhoetcruyt This as some do write is that kinde of Verbascū whiche the Greekes call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of the Latinistes Lychnitis and Thryallis wherevnto it is much like †The Nature Foxe gloue is hoate and dry †The Vertues Foxe gloue boyled in water or wine and dronken doth cut and consume the thicke toughnesse of grosse and slimie humors Also it openeth the stoppings of the lyuer Spleene or Mylte and of other inwarde partes The same taken in the like maner or else boyled with honied water doth scoure and clense the breast and ripeth and bringeth forth tough and clammy flegme Of Turkie / or Aphrican Gilofers Chap. xxv †The Kyndes THere be two sortes of these floures found in this countrie one great the other small the great Othanna groweth to the height of a man and floureth very late The small groweth low and floureth betimes †The Description THe great Aphrican floure hath a long broune red crested knottie stalke ful of branches groweth viij or ix foote high hauing at euery knot or ioynt two brāches set with great long leaues cōposed of many small lōg narrow leaues nickt tothed roūd about spred abrode as it were winges set one ouer against an other altogither like Athanasia or garden Tansie The floures grow at the ende of the branches out of long round huskes of a browne Orēge colour aboue and of a faynt or pale yelow vnderneath After the falling of the floures the seede whiche is inclosed in the aforesayde round huskes is long narrow and blacke The smal Aphrican floure is like vnto that abouesaide in his stalkes leaues floures seede sauing it is in al respects smaller groweth not very much higher than a foote They are both in their leaues and floures of a naughtie strong vnpleasant sauour especially whā they be either rubbed or brused betwixt ones fingers Flos Aphricanus †The Place These floures grow in Aphrica from thence they where brought into this countrey after that the mightie and Noble Emperour Charles the fifth wan the Towne and Countrie of Thunes they are planted here in gardens †The Tyme The small African Gillofer beginneth to floure in Aprill or in May and from thence forth all the Sommer The great Othonna beginneth not to floure before August †The Names This floure may be called in Latin Flos Aphricanus for it was first brought out of Aphrica into the countreys of Germany and Brabant We do call this floure Turkie Gillofers and French Marygoldes Aphrican floures or Aphrican Gillofers the French men do call these floures Oillets de Turque and Oillet d'Inde and from thence it commeth to passe that the Latinists do cal it Flos Indianus in high Douch Indianisch Negelin in base Almaigne Thuenis bloemen of Valerius Cordus Tanaceum perunianū Some learned men thinke that this herbe hath bene called of the Auncient wryters 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Othonna and that it should be the Othonna wherof Dioscorides hath writen which groweth in Arabia about Egypt whose leaues be holy asthough they had bene eaten with Locustes Pausmers or Snayles which thing almost may pe perceyued in the leaues of this Indian Gillofer if a man looke vpō them against the light But in my iudgement it is better like to be that herbe whiche Galen in his fourth booke of Symples calleth Lycopersium or Lycopersion †The vile Nature and euill qualitie of this Herbe The Indian Gillofer is very dangerous hurtfull and venemous both to man beast as I haue tried by experience namely vpon a yong Catt wherevnto I haue giuen of these floures to eate very finely pound with greene or fresh Cheese wherevpon she blasted immediatly and shortly after died And I was moued to make this experience by the occasion of a yong childe who had gathered of these floures put them into his mouth so that straight waies his mouth lippes did swell exceedingly within a day or two after they became very sore and scabbed as also it doth often happen to them that put into their mouthes the pipes or hollow stalkes of Hemlocke Wherfore it is manifest that this herbe with his floure is very euil and venemous and of complexion much like vnto Hemlocke the whiche also may be partely perceyued by his foule and lothsome sauour whiche is very strong and stinking not muche differing from the rancke and noysom smell of Hemlocke Of May Lillie / or Lillie Conuall Also of Monophillon Chap. xxvj †The Description LIllie Conuall hath two greene smooth leaues like to the leaues of the common white Lillie but smaller and tenderer betwixt whiche there springeth vp a naked stalke of a span long or thereabout at the which stalke there hangeth seuen or eight or moe proper small floures as white as Snowe and of a pleasant strong sauour smelling almost like the Lillie Whan the floures be past theyr commeth in their steede certayne redde bearies like to the frute or bearies of garden Asparagus The roote is threedishe creeping here and there It should seeme
commeth in their place round long knoppes or bolliens narrow at the toppe like to a small glasse or phiall The roote is white and of a spongie substance of the greatnesse of ones arme ful of knobbes and knottes with certayne great stringes hanging by it Nymphaea alba White water Lillie Nymphaea lutea Yellow water Lillie †The Place These floures do grow in Riuers and Pooles and other standing waters ⧠The Tyme Water Lillie floureth in Iune and sometimes sooner †The Names The first kinde of these floures is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Nymphaea of some Clauus Veneris and Papauer palustre of the Apothecaries Nenuphar in English White water Lillie Water Rose and white Nenuphar in Italian Nenuphar biancho in Spanish Adarguas del Rio Escudettes del Rio Figuos del Rio blanquos in French Nenuphar blanc or Blanc d'eaué in high Douch Seeblumen wasser Gilgen Wassermahen Horwurtz Horftang in Brabant Plompen and witte Plompen The second kinde is called in Latine Nymphaea lutea and Nenuphar citrinum in English Yellow Nenuphar or Water Lillie in Italian Nenuphar giallo in Spanish Figuos del Rio amarillos Golfan Amarillo in French Nenuphar iaulne or Iaulne d'eaué The floure thereof as Dioscorides wryteth is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Blephara †The Nature Both sortes of Nenuphar and specially the roote are in temperature colde and dry without any acrimonie or sharpnesse †The Vertues The roote or seede of the white water Lillie boyled in wine and dronkē is good for them that haue the laske the blouddie flixe and Tenaūne whiche is a desire to go often to the stoole and may do nothing The same roote boyled in white wine cureth the diseases of the Milte and Bladder The roote seede of the white water Lillie are very good agaynst Venus or fleshly desires if one drinke the Decoction thereof or vse the pouder of the saide seede and roote in meates for it dryeth vp the seede of generation and so causeth to liue in chastitie The same propertie is in the roote as Plinie writeth if it be brused and applied outwardly to the secrete partes The Conserue of the floures therof is also very good for all the aforesayd disseases moreouer it is good against hoate burning feuers the head ache it causeth sweete and quiet sleepe and putteth away all venereous dreames The roote thereof brused or stamped is good to be layde to the payne and inflammation of the stomacke and the bladder The same roote pounde with water taketh away all the spottes of the skin whan it is rubbed therewithall and being mengled with Tarre it cureth the naughtie scurffe of the head The roote of water Lillie being yet greene pound layde vpon woundes doth stanche the bloud as Theoplirastus writeth The roote of yellow water Lillie boyled in thicke redde wine and dronken stoppeth the inordinate course of the floures especially the white fluxe Of Chamomill Chap. xxix †The Kyndes CAmomill as Dioscorides and other of the Auncients haue written is of three sortes The one hath white floures The other hath yellow floures And the third whiche is the greatest of the three hath floures betwixt redde purple Yet at this time there be diuers other sortes found and first there be two sortes of Chamomill which are very sweete and of strōg sauour called Romaine Camomill The one hath white floures the other yellow and bysides these there be others whiche do for the moste parte growe in deserte places and therefore we haue named them Camomill of the Forest or wildernesse †The Description THe first kinde of Camomill hath diuers long rounde stalkes creeping alongst the grounde and taking roote in diuers places very seldome growing higher than ones hande It hath diuers small tender leaues very small cut or finely iagged The second kinde is much like vnto the first sauing his leaues be smaller his floures be nothing else but certayne yellow buttons like the middle of the floures of the other Camomill without any small leaues growing about it as ye may perceyue by the figure but otherwise it is like to the first Camomill Of the number of these two kindes there is yet an other which hath small yellow leaues growing rounde aboute the small yellow knoppes or buttons and are altogither like to the first in leaues sauour and fasshion sauing his floures be altogither yellow These two kindes of Camomil that is to say the white the yellow haue a very pleasant sauour like the smell of a Cytron whereof they firste tooke their name in Greeke Chamaemelum Chamaemelum leucanthemum White Romaine Camomill Chamaemelum chrysantemum Yellow Romaine Camomill The third kinde of Camomill which beareth red purple floures groweth higher than the two others is not yet knowen vnto vs except it be that floure whiche some call flos Adonis and other Anemone †The Place None of the sweete Romaine Camomils groweth in this countrie of their owne kindes but are planted in the gardens of some diligent Herboristes and are come hither as strangers †The Tyme These Camomils do floure in Iune Iuly sometimes also sooner They last all the winter and may very well abide the colde †The Names The Camomill is also called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Chamaemelum and as Apuleius writeth Benè olens at this day Camomilla in English Camomill in French Camomille in Douch Camille The first kind of sweete Camomill with the white floure is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Chamaemelum album in base Almaigne Roomsche Camille in English white Camomill in French Camomille blanche The second kinde of sweete smelling Camomill with the yellow floure is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Chrysanthemum and Chamaemelum luteum in English Yelow Camomill in French Camomille iaulne in Douch geele Roomsche Camille The third kinde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Eranthemum and Chamaemelum purpureum It may be called in English Purple Camomill in French Camomille à fleur purpurée in Douch Roode Camille †The Temperament The Camomill especially the white is hoate and dry in the first degree and hath power to dissolue make subtill But the Romaine Camomils are hoater and more drying †The Vertues The Decoction of the floures herbe and roote of Camomill being dronken causeth women to haue their termes driueth foorth of the belly the dead frute prouoketh vrine breaketh the stoone It is of the like vertue if one do bathe in a bath of the same Decoction The floures and herbe of Camomill boyled in wine and dronken driueth forth windinesse and cureth the cholicke that is to say the paine in the bowels and bellie Camomill taken in the same sorte doth purge beautifie those that haue an euill colour remayning after the Iaunders and cureth them that haue any greefe or impediment of the liuer Camomill pound with his floures
and is good against dissocations and places out of ioynt and easeth all olde greefe and payne of the ioyntes The roote of Narcissus taketh away all lentiles and spottes of the face being mingled with Nettel seede and vineger it mundifieth corrupt and rotten vlcers and ripeth and breaketh harde impostumes if it be tempered with the flower or meale of Vetches and honie and it draweth foorth thornes and splinters if it be mixt with the meale of Iuray and hony Of rushe Narcissus Chap. li. †The Description IVnquillias as the Spaniardes call it is also of the kindes of Narcissus but their seaues be narrowe thicke rounde tough and plyant smooth and playne almost lyke rushes they be also long and of a swarte greene colour The stalkes grow vp to the length of a foote at the top whereof growe foure or fiue or mo flowers lyke the flowers of Narcissus sauing they be smaller and of a yellow colour It hath also a round Bulbus roote lyke to the rest of the Narcissis but couered with a thinne blacke skinne or velme ¶ The Place It groweth in sundrie places of Spayne and from thence it was brought hither †The Tyme It flowreth in Aprill with the rest of the Narcissis †The Names It is called in Spanish Iun quillias and in Latine Iuncifolius bycause of the similitude it hath with rushes we may also call it rush Narcissus it is called of Dioscorides in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is in Latine Bulbus vomitorius †The Nature and Vertues This roote eaten prouoketh vomit as the roote of Narcissus dooth wherevnto in nature it is very lyke and therefore as Dioscorides writeth it cureth the diseases of the bladder Narcissus iuncifolius Of Tulpia / or Tulipa / Lilionarcissus sanguineus poene Chap. lij ¶ The Kyndes There be two sortes of Tulpia a great and a small †The Description THE great Tulpia or rather Tulipa hath two or three leaues which are long thicke and broade and somewhat redde at their first springing vp but after when they waxe elder they are of a whitishe greene colour with them riseth vp a stalke whereby the sayde leaues are somewhat aduaunced It hath at the top a faire large pleasant flower of colour very diuers and variable sometimes yellowe sometimes white or of a bright purple sometimes of a light red and sometimes of a very deepe red and purised about the edges or brimmes with yellowe white or red but yellow in the middle and bottome of the flower and oftentimes blacke or speckled with blacke spottes or mixt with white and red most commonly without smell or sauour The Bulbus roote is lyke the roote of Narcissus The lesse Tulpia is smaller and hath narrower leaues and a shorter stem the flower also is smaller and more openly disclosed or spread abroade The Bulbus roote is also smaller and may be diuided and parted in twayne or more when the stemme groweth vp that which springeth in the neather part of the stalke is lyke to the stem of the great Tulpia growing next the roote Tulpia maior Great Tulpia Tulpia minor Smal Tulpia There is also placed with the Tulpia a certayne strange flower whiche is called of some Fritillaria whose tender stalkes are of a spanne long with fiue or sixe litle narrowe leaues growing at the same There groweth also a flower at the toppe of the stalke with sixe leaues like to the leaues of Tulpia but bending or hanging downewardes of a purple violet colour garnished and trimmed with certayne whitishe violet markes or spottes on the outside and with blacke spottes in the inside It hath also a bulbus or rounde roote †The Place The greater Tulpia is brought from Grece and the Countrie about Constantinople The lesse is founde about Mounte-pelier in Fraunce Fritillaria is also founde about Aurelia in Fraunce †The Tyme They flower bytimes with the Narcissis or a litle after ⧠The Names The greater is called both Tulpia and Tulpian and of some Tulipa whiche is a Turkie name or worde we may call it Lillynarcissus The smal is called Tulipa or Tulpia minor that is the small Tulpian and it is neither Hermodactylus nor Pseudohermodactylus The third is called of the Grekes and Latines Flos Meleagris and Meleagris flos as a difference from a kinde of birde called also Meleagris whose feathers be speckled lyke vnto these flowers but not with Violet speckes but with white blacke spots lyke to the feathers of the Turkie or Ginny hen which is called Meleagris auis some do also cal this flower Fritillaria †The Nature and Vertues The nature and vertues of these flowers are yet vnknowen neuerthelesse they are pleasant and beautifull to looke on Meleagris Flos Fritillaria quorundam Of bastarde Narcissus Chap. liij †The Description THis flower hath long narrowe leaues much lyke vnto Leeke blades but not so long amoÌ„gst which springeth vp a round stalke bearing a faire yellowe flower diuided into sixe leaues like the flower of Narcissus with a long rounde litle bell in the middle iagde about the edges and of a deeper yellowe then the rest of the flower After the flowers commeth the seede inclosed in round huskes or cods The roote is round after the maner of bulbus like to Narcissus †The Place It groweth in moyst places in shadowy woods in the borders of feeldes as by Puers and Bornehem in the Parke wood by Louayne where as it groweth abundantly it is also plaÌ„ted in gardens †The Tyme This herbe bringeth foorth his leaues stalkes and flowers in Februarie and is in flower somtimes vnder the snow The sede is ripe in Marche The herbe doth so perish in Aprill and May that afterward it is no more seene †The Names This flower is called in high Douche Geel Hornungsblumen that is to say the yellow flower of February of some also Geel Tijdeloosen geel Sporckelbloemen it is now called in Latine of some Narcissus luteê° or Pseudonarcissus bycause his flowers are somwhat like to Narcissus in English yellow Crow bels yellow Narcissus bastarde Narcissus in French Coquelourde and there is none other name to vs yet knoweÌ„ †The Nature Yellow Narcissus is hoate drie much like in temperature to Narcissus Pseudonarcissus †The Vertues Men haue proued this true and certayne by experience that two drammes of this roote freshe and newly gathered boyled in wine or water with a litle Annys of Fenell seede and a litle Ginger and dronken driueth foorth by siege tough and clammy fleme wherfore the saide roote is good against al diseases that happen by reason of tough and clammy flegme Of Theophrastus Violet / or the white Bulbus Violet Chap. liiij †The Kindes THere be three sortes of Leucoion two small and the thirde is bigger whereof the flower of the first lesse kinde is three leaued And the flower of the later kinde is sixe leaued Leucoium bulbosum triphillum c. Leucoium bulbosum hexaphillum c.
should seeme rather to be a kind of Thymum durius or that which is called of Dioscorides in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Saxifranga than Serpyllum Serpillum vulgare †The Nature Pellamountayne is hoate and dry in the thirde degree ⧠The Vertues Wilde Tyme boyled in water or wine and drōken prouoketh and bringeth to women the fluxe Menstruall driueth out the stone and grauell and prouoketh vomit The same taken in the like manner stoppeth the laske and cureth gripings or knawings and is excellent against Crampes and the drawing togither or shrinking of Synewes This herbe taken in meates and drinkes or brothes is a soueraigne medicine against all poyson and against the bytings and stingings of venemous beastes and Serpentes The iuyce of Pellamountayne or Running Tyme dronken to the quantitie of halfe an vuce with Vineger is good agaynst the spetting and vomiting of bloud Running Tyme mengled with Vineger and oyle of Roses and applied to the forehead and temples swageth head ache is very good against rauing and frensie The perfume of the same driueth away all venemous beasts Of Penny Royall / or Podding grasse Chap. lxv ⧠The Description PEnny Royall hath smal brittle stalkes of a foote long somtimes more not vpright but creeping alongst the ground taking new rootes here there in sundrie places The leaues be somwhat round almost like the leaues of Marierom but they be greener browner and of a stronger sauour The floures growe here and there by certayne spaces aboute the stemmes like whorles or garlandes and as the floures of Horchound of a blewishe colour and sometimes very white The roote is threeddie †The Place Penny Royall loueth moyst vntilled places whiche are dry in the Somer and full of water in winter ⧠The Tyme It floureth in Iune and in August †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine in Shoppes Pulegium in Italian Pulegio in Spanish Poleios Poleio in English Penny Royall Pulioll Royall Pudding grasse and Organie in French Pouliot in high Douch Poley in base Almaigne Poley and Paley †The Nature Penny royall is hoate dry in the third degree of subtile partes and cutting †The Vertues Penny royall boyled in wine drōken prouoketh the monethly termes bringeth foorth the Secondine the dead frute and the vnnaturall birth it prouoketh vrine breaketh the stone especially the stone of kidneys Penny royal taken with hony clenseth the Lunges voydeth them the breast from all grosse and thicke humors Pulegium The same taken with Hony and Aloes purgeth by stole the Melancholique humor preuayleth much against crāpes the drawing togither of sinewes The same taken with water and vineger asswageth the inordinate desire to vomit and the gnawing paynes of the stomacke Penny royall taken in wine helpeth the bitings of venemous beastes and with vineger it helpeth them that haue the falling sickenesse If at any time men be constrayned to drinke corrupt naughtie stinking or salte water throw Penny royall into it or strow the pouder thereof into it and it shall not hurte any bodie A garlande made of Penny Royall and worne about the head is of great force against the swymming paynes and giddy turnings of the head The same pounde with Vineger and giuen to smell vpon to people that are much giuen to sounding quickeneth their Senses and causeth them to returne to them selues agayne and is good for them that haue colde and moyst braynes The pouder or axsen of this herbe doth fasten and strengthen the gummes that are rubbed therewith Penny royall pounde asswageth the payne of the Goute and Sciatica being rubbed vpon the greeued parte vntill it waxe redde The same mengled with vineger hony cureth the crampes and is profitable for the disseases of the Splene or Melte being layde therevnto The Decoction thereof is very good against ventositie windinesse and blastings also against the hardnesse and stopping of the Mother whan one sitteth ouer the vapour or breath thereof in a stewe or bathe whereas the sayde Decoction is The same is also good against the itche and manginesse to washe the scabbed parties therein The perfume of the floures of Penny royall being yet fresshe and greene driueth away flees Xenocrates saith that a braunch of Penny royall wrapped in a little wooll and giuen to smell vnto or layde amongst the clothes of the bedde cureth the feuer Tertian Of Poley Chap. lxvi †The Kyndes POley as Dioscorides saith is of two sortes whereof one may be named great Poley or as Dioscorides termeth it Poley of the Mountaine the other may be called small Poley †The Description POley of the Mountayne is a little small tender base and sweete smelling herbe hauing small stemmes and slender branches of a spanne or halfe foote long The leaues bee small narrow and grayish whereof they that grow lowmoste are somewhat larger and a little snipt or iagged aboute the edges and they that growe aboue are narrower and not so much iagged or snipte The floures be white and do grow at the toppe of the branches The roote is threedie The lesse Poley is not muche vnlike the other sauing that his leaues are tenderer smaller narrower and whiter than the other it hath also a great many moe small slender and weake branches But it hath not so great vertue nor so strong a sauour as Poley of the Mountayne †The Place It groweth not of him selfe in this countrie and is not lightly found sauing in the gardens of some Herboristes who do plante and cherishe it with great diligence Polium †The Tyme It floureth at the end of May and Iune whereas it groweth of his owne kinde and in this countrey in Iuly †The Names It is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Polium Polium montanum and Theuthrium in Italian Polio in Spanish Hierua vssa in English Poley Poley mountayne It hath neither French nor Douch name that we know for it is yet vnknowen of the Apothecaries them selues in the Shoppes of this countrey †The Nature Poley is hoate in the second degree and dry in the thirde ⧠The Vertues Poley boyled in water or wine prouoketh the floures and vrine and is very good against the Dropsies and Iaunders It profiteth much against the bytings of venemouse beastes and against poyson taken in maner aforesayde and it driueth away all venemous beasts from the place whereas it is strowen or burnte The same dronken with vineger is good for the diseases of the Mylte and Splene Also it healeth and closeth vp woundes being yet fressh and greene pound and applied or layde therevpon Of Marierom Chap. lxvij †The Description MArierom is a delicate and tender hearbe of sweete sauour very wel knowen in this countrie hauing small weake and brittle stalkes set with softe and tender leaues somewhat round and of grayishe colour it bareth about the toppe and vpper parte of the
braunches a great many of small buttons or knoppes like to a little spike eare made of many scales out of which groweth very smal white floures yeelding a very small reddish seede The roote is wooddish and very threddy †The Place This Marierom is planted in gardens and in pottes with earth and it loueth fatte and well mainteyned ground †The Tyme It floureth in Iuly and August Maiorana vulgaris †The Names This noble and odoriferous plant is now called in Shoppes Maiorana in Italiē Persa in English Marierom sweete Mariorom and Marierom Gentle in French Mariolaine in high Douch Maioran or Meyran in base Almayne Mariolcine and Mageleyne It is taken for the right 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of the Greekes and Amaracus Maiorana in Latine howbeit it trayleth not alongst the ground at all as Dioscorides writeth that Sampsicon shoulde do wherefore it shoulde rather be somewhat like that herbe whiche the Gretians call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and the Latines Marum for this is an herbe of a most sweete and pleasant smell bearing his floure almost like to Origanum Heracleoticum whiche thing Dioscorides attributeth vnto Marum †The Nature Marierom is hoate and dry in the third degree †The Vertues Marierom boyled in white wine and a quantitie thereof dronken is very good for such as begin to fall into the Hydropsie for such as cannot pisse but drop after droppe and that with great difficultie it is good for them that are tormented with the gryping paynes and wringings of the bellie The same taken in the like manner prouoketh the floures and so doth it being ministred beneath in manner of a Pessarie or mother Suppositorie Dried Marierom mengled with Hony dissolueth Congeled bloud and driueth away the blacke and blew markes after strypes and bruses being applied thereto The same with Salte and Vineger is very good to be applied vnto the prickings and stingings of Scorpions A playster made of Marierom with oyle waxe resolueth colde swellings or tumors and is much profitable to be layde vpon places that be out of ioynt or wrenched Marierom brused or rubbed betwixt the handes put into the Nosethrils or the iuyce thereof suift vp into the nose draweth downe humors from the head mundifieth the brayne causeth to sneese and is very good for them that haue lost their smelling And if Marierom be Marum of the Gretians then is it also a very good herbe as Galen saith fit to be put into all medicines and compositions made against poyson it is also good to be mengled with all odoriferous and sweete oyntments as the oyntment called Vnguentum Amaricinum and such like Marum is also good to be layde vpon fretting consuming vlcers is very profitable against all colde griefes and maladies as Dioscorides writeth Of Clinopodium / or Mastic Chap. lxviij †The Description THis herbe hath smal naked roūd and woodish stemmes the leaues be small and tender almoste like Marierom The floures whiche are white and very small do grow like a Crowne or garland rounde about the stemme in small rough or woolly huskes The roote is of wooddishe substance The whole herbe is of a very pleasant sweete sauour almost like Marierom †The Place This herbe groweth not of him selfe in this countrie but the Herboristes do plant it in their gardens ⧠The Tyme It floureth in this countrie in August or there aboutes Clinopodium †The Names This herbe is taken of some Herboristes for Marum that is the English and French Mastic but seing that it floureth not like Organe or wild Marierom it seemeth vnto me to be nothing like Marum but rather to be like vnto the herbe which they call in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine also Clynopodium for the whiche we haue described it Turner calleth Clinopodium for the whiche we haue described it Turner calleth Clinopodium Horse tyme and so doth Cooper English Clinopodium he calleth it also Puliall mountayne †The Nature It is in complexion very much like Marierom †The Vertues They vse to drinke the herbe Clinopodium in wine and the Decoction or iuyce therof made in wine against Crampes burstings difficultie of vrine and the bitings of Serpents It prouoketh the floures expelleth the dead fruite and Secondine if it be vsed as is aforesayde The same boyled vntill the thirde parte be consumed stoppeth the bellie but it muste be dronken with water in a Feuer and with wine without a Feuer Menne wryte also of Clinopodium that if it be taken with wine by the space of certayne dayes it will cause the Wartes that are vpon the body to fall away Of Origan / or wilde Margerom Chap. lxix †The Kindes ORigan is of three sortes that is to say garden Origan wilde Origan and that kinde whiche they call Origanum Onitis Origanum Heracleoticum Spanish Origan Bastard Margerom Origanum syluestre Wilde Origan Groue Margerom ⧠The Description THE first kinde hath harde rounde and sometimes reddish stēmes wherevpon are round whitish leaues smaller than the leaues of wild Origan and nothing hearie but otherwise somewhat like in fasshion The floures grow not in knoppie Crownets but like vntosmal spikie eares growing vpon little fine stemmes at the toppe of the stalke And afterwarde it bringeth forth small seede The second kinde hath whiter leaues and is not of so great vertue but otherwise not much vnlike the first It is not knowen in this countrie The thirde wilde kind hath many round browne long hearie stalkes the leaues be somewhat round and softe heared greater than the leaues of Penny Royall The floures are reddish and growing a great many togither in tuftes like Nosegayes The seede is small reddishe The roote is long harde wooddish There is also a sorte of this thirde kinde founde bearing floures as white as snow of stronger smell sauour than the abouesayde wilde kinde but in all things else lyke vnto it Marum quibusdam English Margerom Yet there is found a thirde kinde the which is cōmonly called English Marierom This is a base or low herbe not much vnlike to wilde Origan with leaues somewhat rounde and of a darke greene colour smaller than the leaues of wild Origan not hearie but plaine and smoth The floures are purple in redde and grow in crownelike tuftes The roote is of wooddy substance †The Place These herbes do grow in Candie and other hoate countries sometimes also in Spayne here they plant them in gardens †The Tyme The first kinde floureth very late in this countrey and yet it floureth not at all sauing whan the Sommer is very hoate The wilde Origan his kindes do floure at Mydsomer †The Names These herbes be called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Origana The first is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Origanum heracleoticum and of some Cunila here in Shoppes it is called Origanum Hispanicum bycause they bring it dry from Spayne to sell at Antwerpe and this is
is like to the abouesayde in his leaues stalkes and roote but that his floures are not fasshioned like spykie eares growing at the toppes of the stalkes but they compasse grow round about the stalkes like whorles or garlandes like to the Curled or Crispe Mynte Menta satiua prima Curlde Mynte Menta satiua secunda Crispe Mynte or Crispe Balme Menta satiua tertia Spere Mynte or right garden Mynte The second wilde kinde whiche is the sixth in number of the Myntes and called water Mynte is much like vnto the Curlde Mynte in his stalkes leaues and creeping rootes sauing that his leaues stalkes be greater of stronger sauour The floures be purple growing at the top of the stalkes in small tuftes or knoppes like round bullets †The Place The garden Myntes are founde in this countrie in gardens especially the Curlde Mynte the which is most common and best knowen The wilde kindes do growe in lowe moyst places as neare vnto springs and on the brinkes of ditches ⧠The Tyme All the sortes of Myntes do floure most commonly in August †The Names The garden Mynte is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine and in Shoppes Mentha in Spanish Yerua Ortelana yerua buena in English Myntes in French Mente in high Douch Munte The first kind is called in high Douch Deyment and Kraunszdyment that is to say Curlde Mynte in French Mente crespue in base Almaigne Bruyn heylighe The second is also called of the high Douchmen Krausmuntz and Krauszbalsam that is to say in French Baulme crespu in English Crispe Baulme or Crispe Mynte also Crosse Mynte in base Almaigne Cruysmunte and of some also Heylighe The third kinde is called at this time in the Shoppes of this countrey Menta Sarracenica Menta Romana in English Spere Mynte or the cōmon garden Mynte also of some Baulme Mynte in French du Baulme and Mente Romayne in high Douch Balsam Muntz vnser frauwen Muntz Spitz muntz Spitzbalsam in base Almaigne Roomsche munte and Balsem munte Menta satiua quarta Harte Mynte Mentastrum Horse Mynte Sisymbrium Water Mynte The fourth kinde is called in high Douch Hertzkraut that is to say Harte wurte or Harte Mynte in French Herbe de cueur of the later wryters in Latine Menta Romana angustifolia Flore coronata siue Cardiaca Mentha The fifth wilde kinde which is the fifth kinde of Mynte is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Mentastrum and of the newe writers Menta aquatica in English Horse Mynte in French Mente Cheualine ou sauuage in high Douche Katzenbalsam Roszmuntz wilder Balsam wild Muntz in base Almaigne Witte water Munte The seconde wilde kynde whiche is the sixthe Mynte is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Sisymbrium and of Damegeron Scimbron as Constantine the Emperour witnesseth in English Fisshe Mynte Brooke Mynte Water Mynte and white water Mynte in French Mente Aquatique in high Douch Fischmuntz Wassermuntz in base Almaigne Roo munte and Roo water munte †The Nature All the kindes of Myntes whiles they are greene are hoate and dry in the second degree but dried they are hoate in the thirde degree especially the wild kindes whiche are hoater then the garden Myntes †The Vertues Garden Mynte taken in meate or drinke is very good and profitable for the stomacke for it warmeth and strengtheneth the same and drieth vp all superfluous humors gathered in the same it appeaseth and cureth all the paynes of the stomacke and causeth good digestion Two or three branches of Myntes dronken with the iuyce of soure Pomegranets do swage and appease the Hicquet or yeoxe and vomiting and it cureth the cholerique Passion otherwise called the felonie that is whan one doth vomit continually and hath a laske withall The iuyce of Myntes drōken with vineger stayeth the vomiting of bloud and killeth the rounde wormes The same boyled in water and drōken by the space of three dayes togither cureth the gryping payne and knawing in the belly with the colique and stoppeth the inordinate course of the menstruall issue Mynte boyled in wine and dronken easeth women which are tomuch grieued with harde and perillous trauell in childebaring Mynte mengled with parched Barley meale and layde vnto tumors and sweuings doth wast and consume them Also the same layde to the forehead cureth headache It is very good to be applied vnto the breastes that are stretched foorth and swollen and full of milke for it slaketh and softeneth the same and keepeth the mylke from quarring and crudding in the brest The same being very well pounde with Salte is a speciall medicine to be applied vpon the biting of madde Dogges The iuyce of Mynte mengled with honied water cureth the payne of the eares being dropped therein and taketh away the asperitie and roughnesse of the tongue whan it is rubbed or wasshed therewith The sauour or sent of Mynte reioyceth man wherefore they sow strow the wilde Mynte in this countrie in places whereas feastes are kepte and in Churches The Horse Mynte called Mentastrum hath not bene vsed of the Auncients in medicine The water Mynte is diuers wayes of the lyke operation vnto the garden Mynte it cureth the trenches or gryping payne in the small of the bellie or bowels it stayeth the yeoxe or hicket and vomyting and appeaseth headache to be vsed for the same purpose as the garden Mynte It is also singuler against the grauell and stone of the kydneys and against the strangury whiche is whan one cannot pisse but droppe after droppe to be boyled in wine and dronke They lay is with good successe vnto the stingings of Bees and Waspes Of Calamynt Chap. Ixxv. †The Kyndes THere be three sortes of Calamynt described of the Auncient Gretians each of them hauing a seuerall name and difference Calaminthae alterum genus Corne Mynte or wilde Pennyryall Calaminthae tertium genus Catmynte †The Description THE first kinde whiche may be called Mountayne Calamynte hath harde square stalkes couered with a certayne hoare or fine Cotton The leaues be somwhat like the leaues of Basill but they are rougher The floures grow onely by one side of the stalke amongst the leaues somtimes three or foure vpon a stem of a blewishe colour the roote is threddy This herbe altogither is not much vnlike the secōd kinde of Calamynte sauing it is greater the stalkes be harder and the leaues be rougher and blacker and it creepeth not alongst the grounde but groweth vp from the yearth The second kinde which is called wild Pennyryall hath also square stalkes couered with softe Cotton almost creeping by the ground hauing euer two and two leaues standing one against an other small and softe not much vnlike the leaues of Penny royall sauing they are larger whiter The floures grow about the stalkes in knoppes like to whorles or garlandes of a blewishe purple colour The roote is small and threddie The thirde kinde whiche is called
in vertues and operations may be alwayes vsed in steede of the great Balsaminte Of Sage Chap. lxxvij †The Kyndes THere be two sortes of Sage the one is small franke the other is great The great Sage is of three sortes that is to say greene white and redde †The Description THE franke Sage hath sundry wooddie branches and leaues growing vpon long stemmes whiche leaues be long narrow vneuen hoare or of a grayishe white colour by the sides of the sayde leaues at the lower ende there groweth two other small leaues like vnto a payre of little eares The floures growe alongst the stalkes in proportion like the floures of Dead Nettell but smaller and of colour blewe The seede is blackishe and the roote wooddie The great Sage is not much vnlike the small or franke Sage sauing it is larger the stalkes are square and browne The leaues be rough vneuen and whitishe like to the leaues of franke Sage but a greate deale larger rougher and without eares The floures seede and roote are like vnto the other Saluia minor Franke Sage or small Sage Saluia maior Great Sage or broade Sage There is found an other kind of this great Sage the which beareth leaues as white as snow sometimes all white and sometimes partie white and this kinde is called white Sage Yet there is founde a thirde kinde of great Sage called redde Sage the stemmes whereof with the synewes of the leaues and the small late sprong vp leaues are all redde but in all things else it is like to the great Sage †The Place Sage as Dioscorides saith groweth in rough stonie places both kindes of Sage are planted almost in all the gardens of this countrie ⧠The Tyme Sage floureth in Iune and Iuly †The Names The Sage is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine and in Shoppes Saluia of some Corsaluium in Spanish Salua in English Sage in French Sange in high Douch Salbey in base Almaigne Sauie The first kinde is now called in Latine Saluia minor Saluia nobilis and of some Saluia vsualis in English Smal Sage Sage royall and common Sage in French Sauge franche in high Douch Spitz Salbey klein Salbey edel Salbey Creutz Salbey in base Almaigne Cruys sauie and Dorkens sauie The second kinde is called in Latine Saluia maior and of some Saluia agrestis in English great Sage or broade Sage in French grande Sauge in high Douch Grosz salbey Breat salbey in base Almaigne groue groote Sauie †The Nature Sage is hoate and dry in the thirde degree and somewhat astringent †The Vertues Sage boyled in wine dronken prouoketh vrine breaketh the stone comforteth the harte and swageth head ache It is good for wemē with childe to eate of this herbe for as Aëtius saith it closeth the Matrice causeth the fruite to liue and strengtheneth the same Sage causeth wemen to be fertill wherefore in times past the people of Egypt after a great mortalitie and pestilence constreyned their wemen to drinke the iuyce thereof to cause them the sooner to conceyue and to bring foorth store of children The iuyce of Sage dronken with hony in the quantitie of two glasse fulles as saith Orpheus is very good for those whiche spitte and vomit bloud for it stoppeth the fluxe of bloud incontinent Likewise Sage brused and layde too stoppeth the bloud of woundes The decoction thereof boyled in water and dronken cureth the cough openeth the stoppings of the Liuer and swageth the payne in the side and boyled with wormewood it stoppeth the blouddy flixe Sage is good to be layde to the woundes and bitings of venimous beasts for it doth both clense and heale them The wine wherein Sage hath boyled helpeth the manginesse and itche of the priuie members if they be wasshed in the same Wild Sage Chap. lxxviij †The Description WOode Sage is somewhat like garden Sage in fasshion sauour it hath square browne stalkes set with a certaine kind of small heare the leaues are not much vnlike the leaues of great Sage but somewhat broader shorter and softer The floures are not much vnlike to the floures of Sage growing onely vpon one side alongst the branches euen vp to the very top of the same branches or stemmes of a whitisihe colour whan they are paste there commeth a rounde blackish seede The roote is threddie sendeth foorth new springs or branches euery yeare †The Place This kinde of Sage groweth in this countrey alōgst the hedges in woodes and the bankes or borders of fieldes †The Tyme It floureth in Iune and Iuly Saluia agrestis †The Names This herbe is now called in Shops Saluia agrestis and Ambrosiana in high Douche wilde Salbey in base Almaigne wilde Sauie There are some that thinke it to be the seconde kynde of Scordium whiche Plinie describeth bycause that whan it is brused it sauoreth of Garlike and this is the cause why Cordus calleth it Scorodonia It is called in English woodde Sage wild Sage and Ambros in French Sauge de Boys †The Nature The woode Sage is hoate and dry meetely agreable in complexion vnto garden Sage †The Vertues Woode Sage dissolueth congeled bloud in the body and cureth inwarde woundes moreouer it wōderfully helpeth those that haue takē falles or haue bene sore brused and beaten if it be boyled in water or wine and dronken Woodde Sage taken in manner aforesayde doth consume and disgest inwarde impostems and tumers anoyding the matter and substance of thē with the vryne Of Clarey Chap. lxxix †The Description CLarye hath square stalkes with rough grayish hearie vneuen leaues almost like to the leaues of great sage but they are foure or fine times larger the floures be of a faynte or whitish colour greater than the floures of Sage Whan they are fallen of there groweth in huskes the seede which is blacke The roote is yellow of wooddie substance The whole herbe is of a strong and penetratiue sauour in somuch that the sauour of it causeth headache †The Place In this countrie they sow it in gardēs ⧠The Tyme Clary floureth in Iune Iuly a yeare after the first sowing thereof †The Names Clarie is now called in Latine and in Shoppes Gallitricum Matrisaluia Centrum galli and Scarlea oruala in English Clarye or Cleare-eye quasi dicas oculum clarificans in French oruale Toutebonne in high Douche Scharlach in base Almaigne Scarleye It seemeth to be a kind of Horminum but yet it is not Alectorolophos as some men thinke Gallitricum †The Nature Clarey is hoate and dry almost in the thirde degree ⧠The Vertues In what sorte or maner soeuer ye take Clarey it prouoketh the floures it expulseth the Secondine and stirreth vp bodely luste Also it maketh men dronke causeth headache therefore some Brewers do boyle it with their Bier in steede of Hoppes This herbe also hath al the vertues and properties of Horminum and
Almaigne rieckende Andoren in Italian Herba odoraea in Spanish Yerua olodera and Yerua de souto The fourth is now called in Latine Marrubium palustre in English Marrishe or water Horehounde in French Marrubin d'eau in high Douche wasser Andorn weiher Andorn in Brabant water Andoren and of some Egyptenaers cruyt that is to say the Egyptians herbe bycause of the Rogues and runnegates whiche call themselues Egyptians do colour themselues blacke with this herbe Some men make it the first kinde of Sideritis The three first kyndes of Horehounde are hoate in the seconde degree and dry in the thirde The water Horchounde is also very dry but without any manifest heate ⧠The Vertues The white Horehounde boyled in water and dronken doth open and comforte the Lyuer and the Melte or Spleene and is good against all the stoppings of the same it clenseth the breast the lunges also it is profitable against an olde Cough the payne of the side and the olde spitting of bloud against the Tysike and vlceration of the lunges The same takē with the roote of Iris causeth to spet out al grosse humors and tough flegmes that are gathered togither within the breast The same vertue also hath the iuyce thereof to be boyled togither with the iuyce of Fenill vntill the thirde parte be consumed and taken in quantitie of a spoonefull and it is also profitable against an olde Cough The white Horehounde boyled in wine openeth the Matrix or Mother and is good for women that cannot haue their termes or desired sicknesse it expulseth the Secondyne and dead children and greatly helpeth womē which haue harde and perillous trauell and is good for them that haue ben bitten of Serpentes and venemous beastes The iuyce of white Horehounde mingled with wine and Hony and dropped into the eyes cleareth the sight The same iuyce poured into the eares asswageth the payne and openeth the stoppings of the same It is also good to be drawen or snifte vp into the nose to take away the yellownesse of the eyes whiche remayneth after the Iaundice The leaues tempered with Hony is good to be layde vnto olde vlcers and corrupt vlcered nayles or agnayles whiche is a paynefull swelling aboute the ioyntes and nayles The same mēgled with Hennes greace resolueth and scattereth the swelling about the necke called Strumes The dryed leaues mengled or tempered with vineger do cure noughty virulent spreading vlcers The blacke Horehounde pounde is good to be applied and layde vpon the bytings of madde Dogges The leaues of the same rosted in a Call leaffe vnder the hoate immers or ashes do stoppe and driue backe the harde lumpes or swellings whiche happen to arise aboute the siege or fundament and layde to with hony they cure and heale rotten vicers Stachys or wilde Horehounde boyled and dronken causeth women to haue their floures bringeth forth the Secondine or afterbirth the dead fruyte Water Horehounde is not vsed in Medicine †The Daunger The white Horehounde is hurtfull both to the bladder and kidneys especially whan there is any hurte or exulceration in them Of Bawme Chap. lxxxij †The Kyndes VNder the title of Melissa are comprehēded both the right Bawme and the Bastard Bawme the whiche both are somewhat like to the Horehounde †The Description THe right Bawme hath square stalkes blackish leaues like to blacke Horehounde but a great deale larger of a pleasant sauour drawing towardes the smell of a Citron The floures are of Carnation colour The roote is single harde and of a wooddie substance The common Bawme is not much vnlike to the aforesayd sauing that his sauour is not so pleasant and delectable as the sauour of the right Bawme There is a certayne herbe bysides these the whiche some take for the right Bawme yet they are much deceyued that do so thinke it hath a square stalke with leaues like to common Bawme but larger and blacker and of an euell sauour the floures are white and much greater than the floures of the common Bawme the roote is harde and of wooddie substance Melissa vulgaris Bawme Melissophylli species Herba Iudaica A man may also place amongst these sortes of Bawme that herbe whiche ordinarily is called Herba Iudaica It hath square hearie stalkes diuided or parted into many branches The leaues be long and dented round about and smaller then the leaues of Sage alongst the toppes of the braunches groweth the floures of a fainte blew or whitishe colour The roote hath hearie strings All the herbe draweth towardes the sauour of Bawme or Melissa †The Place These herbes do grow in certaine countries in wooddes and in some countries ye shall finde them growing about olde walles sometimes also ye shall haue it growing by the way sides but now both sortes are plāted in gardens Herba Iudaica groweth in Fraunce and Flaunders in vntilled places in vineyardes and sometimes also alongst the hedges ⧠The Tyme They floure in Iune and Iuly The Iudaicall herbe floureth in Iuly and August †The Names Melisses is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Apiastrū Melitaena and Citrago in Shoppes Melissa in English Bawme in Italian Cedronella Herba rosa in Spanish Torougil yerua cidrera in high Douch Melissenkraut and Mutterkraut in base Almaigne Confilie de greyn and Melisse The fourth kinde is called of some in Latine Herba Iudaica in English it may be called the Iudaicall herbe in French Tetrahil or Tetrahit some count it to be the first kinde of Sideritis called Sideritis Heraclea †The Nature These herbes are hoate and dry in the second degree and somewhat like to Horehounde but in vertue much feebler †The Vertues Bawme dronken in wine is good against the bitings and stingings of venemous beasts it comforteth the harte and driueth away all Melancholy and sadnes as the learned in these dayes do write Bawme may be vsed to al purposes wherevnto Horehounde serueth howbeit it is in all respects much weaker so that according to the opiniōs of Galen Paulus Aegineta it shoulde not be vsed for Horehounde in medicine but for wante of Horehounde in steede whereof Melissa may be alwayes vsed If a man put Bawme into Bee hyues or else if the Hyues be rubbed therewtal it keepeth Bees togither causeth other Bees to resorte to their cōpanie The cōmon Bawme is good for wemen whiche haue the strangling of the matrix or mother to be eyther eaten or smelled vnto The iuyce thereof is good to be put into greene woundes for it gleweth togither sodereth and healeth the same Of Rue / or Herbe grace Chap. lxxxiij †The Kyndes There are two sortes of Rue that is garden Rue and wilde Rue Ruta hortensis Herbe grace or garden Rue Ruta syluestris minima The small wilde Rue THe garden Rue hath rounde harde stemmes with leaues diuided into diuers other small roundish leaues of a gray or blewish colour and of a very ranke or strong sauour
The floures be yellow growing at the top of the branches after which there springeth vp square huskes conteyning the seede whiche is blacke The roote is of wooddie substance and yellow within This Rue lasteth both winter and sommer dieth not lightly The wilde Rue is much like to the other in his stalkes leaues floures seede colour taste and sauour sauing that euery little leafe his cuttes are a great deale narrower But there is yet an other kinde whiche is the least of all whose little leaues are very narrow and tender and of colour somewhat whiter than the reste Al this plante as the other wilde Rue is of a very grieuous sauour and cannot abide the colde but as the other wilde Rue so doth this perishe with the firste colde or smallest froste †The Place The tame Rue is planted in gardens and delighteth moste in dry groundes where as the Sonne shineth moste The wilde Rue groweth vpon the mountaynes of Cappadocia and Galatia in the lesser Asia in this couÌ„trie it is found sowen in the gardens of Herboristes †The Tyme They do all floure in this country in Iuly and August and the seede is ripe in September †The Names Rue is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Ruta and of Apuleius Eriphion The garden Rue is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Ruta hortensis in Shoppes Ruta in English Rue of the garden and Herbe grace in Italian Rutta in Spanish La arruda in high Douch Zam Rauten wein Rauten in base Almaigne Wijn ruyte The wilde Rue is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Ruta syluestris and in some places as Apuleius sayth Viperalis in Shoppes Harmel in high Douche wald Rauten in base Almaigne wilde Ruyte †The Nature Rue is hoate and dry in the thirde degree But the wilde Rue especially that which groweth in mountaynes is a great deale stroÌ„ger then gardeÌ„ Rue †The Vertues The leaues of garden Rue boyled in water dronken causeth one to make water prouoketh the floures and stoppeth the laske The leaues of Rue eaten alone with meates or receyued with walnuttes and dryed figges stamped togither are good against all euil ayres and against the Pestilence and all poyson and against the bitings of vipers Serpentes The same pounde and eaten or dronken in wine helpeth them that are sicke with eating of venimous Tadstooles or Mousheroms The iuyce of Rue is good against the same mishappes and against the bytings and stingings of Scorpions Bees Waspes Hornettes and madde Dogges whan it is either dronken with wine or whan that the leaues be stamped with hony and salte and layde vnto the wounde The body that is annoynted with the iuyce of Rue or that shall eate of Rue fasting shal be as Plinie writeth assured against all poyson and safe from all venimous beastes so that no poyson or venimous beast shall haue powre to hurte him The same iuyce of Rue dronken with wine purgeth wemen after their deliuerance driueth forth the Secondine the dead childe the vnnatural birth Rue eaten in meate or otherwise vsed by a certayne space of Tyme quencheth and dryeth vp nature and naturall seede of man and the milke in the breastes of wemen that giue sucke Rue boyled with Dyll and dronken swageth the gnawing torment or griping payne of the belly called the trenches is good for the paynes in the side and breast the difficultie or hardnesse of breathing the cough the stopping of the lunges the Sciatica and against the riguor and violence of feuers Rue boyled in good wine vntill the halfe be sodden away is very good to be dronken of such as begin to fall into the Dropsie Rue eaten rawe or condited with Salte or otherwise vsed in meates cleareth the sight and quickeneth the same very much so doth also the iuyce therof layde to the eyes with hony the iuyce of fenill or by it selfe The leaues of Rue mengled with Barley meale asswageth the payne of the eyes being layde therevpon The iuyce of Rue warmed in the shell of a Pomgranete and dropped into the eares swageth the paynes of the same The same mengled with oyle of Roses or oyle of Bayes Hony is good against the singing or ringing sounde of the eares whan it is often dropped warme into them The leaues of Rue pounde with oyle of Roses and vineger are good to be layde to the paynes of the head The same pounde with Baye leaues and layde too is good to dissolue and cure the swelling and blastings of the genitors The leaues of Rue mingled with wine Pepper and Nitre do take away all spottes of the face and clenseth the skinne and mengled with Hony and Allom it cureth the foule scabbe or naughtie Tetter The same leaues pouÌ„d with Swines greace doth cure all ruggednes of the skinne and the scurffe or roome of the head the Kings euill or harde swellings about the throote being applied and layde thereto Rue mengled with Hony doth mitigate the paynes of the ioyntes with figges it taketh away the swelling of the Dropsie The iuyce of Rue with vineger giuen to smell vnto doth reuiue and quickeÌ„ such as haue the Lethargie or the sleeping and forgetfull sicknesse The roote of Rue made into pouder and mengled with hony scattereth dissolueth congeled and clotted bloud gathered betwixte the skinne and the flesh and correcteth all blacke and blew markes scarres spottes that chaunce in the bodie whan they are anoynted or rubbed therewith The oyle wherein Rue hath bene sodden or long infused stieped doth warme and chaafe all colde partes or members and being annoynted or spread vpon the region of the bladder it prouoketh vrine and is good for the stopping and swelling of the spleene or Melte and giuen in glister it dryueth forth windinesse blastings and the gryping payne in the bowels or guttes Some write also that the leaues of Rue pounde and layde to outwardly vpon the Nose stancheth the bleeding of the same The iuyce of wilde Rue mengled with Hony wine the iuyce of fenill the gaule of a Henne quickeneth the sight remoueth al clowdes the pearles in the eyes Also the wilde Rue hath the like vertue as the Rue of the garden but it is of greater force in so much as the auncient Physitions would not vse it bicause it was so strong sauing about the diseases and webbes of the eyes in maner as is aboue writen Of Harmall / or wilde Rue Chap. lxxxiiij †The Description THis herbe hath three or foure stemmes growing vpright and in them are small long narrow leaues more tenderer and diuided into smaller or narrower leaues than the common or garden Rue the floures grow at the toppe of the stemmes or branches of colour white after whiche coÌ„meth triangled huskes coÌ„teyning the seede And this plante is of a very stroÌ„g and grieuous smell especially in hoate regions or countries where as it groweth of his owne kinde â€
The Place Harmala groweth as Dioscorides writeth in Cappadocia and Galatia in this countrie the Herborists do sowe it in their gardens †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Ruta syluestris of some it is called Harmala of the Arabian Physitions and of the late wryters Harmel The people of Syria in times past called it Besasa and some Moly We may also call it Harmala or Harmel Harmala †The Nature Galen writeth that this herbe is hoate in the third degree of subtill partes †The Vertues Bycause Harmala is of subtil partes it cutteth asunder grosse and tough humors it prouoketh vrine and womens naturall fluxe The seede of Harmala stamped with Hony Wine Saffron the iuyce of Fenell and the gaule of a Henne doth quicken the sight and cleareth dimme eyes Of Rosemary Chap. lxxxv ⧠The Description ROsemary is as it were a little tree or wooddish shrubbe with many small branches and slender boughes of harde and wooddie substance couered and set full of little smal long and tender leaues white on the side next the ground and greene aboue The floures are whitishe and mixte with a little blewe the whiche past there commeth forth smal seede The roote and the stemme are likewise harde and wooddie The leaues and the floures are of a very strong and pleasant sauour and good smacke or taste †The Place Rosemary groweth naturally and plentifully in diuers places of Spayne and France as in Prouence and Languedoc They plante it in this countrie in gardens and mayntayne it with great diligence †The Tyme The Rosemary floureth twise a yeare once in the spring time of the yeare and secondarily in August †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Rosmarinū coronarium in Shoppes Rosmarinus in English Rosemary in Italian Rosmarino in Spanish Romero in French Rosmarin ▪ in Germany Rosmarein in base Almaigne Rosmarijn They call it in Latine Rosmarinum coronarium that is to say Rosemarie whereof they make Crownes Garlandes to put a difference from the other Libanotis which is of diuerse sorts wherof wee shall intreate in Chapters following The blossoms or floures of this Rosemarie is called in shoppes Anthos †The Nature This Rosemarie is hoate and dry in the second degree †The Vertues Dioscorides and Galen do write that this Rosemary boyled in water and giuē to drinke in the morning fasting before labor or exercice cureth the Iaunders The Arrabians and their successours Physitions do say that Rosemarie cōforteth the brayne the memory and the inwarde Sences that it restoreth speach especially the conserue made of the floures thereof with Sugar to be receyued dayly fasting Rosmarinum coronarium The ashes or axen of Rosemarie burnte doth fasten loose teeth and beautifieth the same if they be rubbed therewith Of Lauender and Spyke Chap. lxxxvi †The Kyndes LAuender is of two sortes male and female The male hath his leaues floures spikie eares and stemmes broader longer higher thicker and of a stronger sauour The female is smaller shorter lower and of a pleasanter sauour †The Description BOth kindes of Lauender haue square hollow stalkes with ioyntes knottes vpon whiche groweth grayishe leaues whiche be long narrow thicke Yet larger and longer than the leaues of Rosemarie The floures whiche are most commonly blew grow thicke set and couched togither in knoppes or spiked eares at the toppes of the stalkes The roote is of wooddie substance with many threddy strings †The Place Lauender groweth in certayne places of Italy Spayne and Fraunce on the Mountaynes rough stonie places that lie against the Sunne they plant it here in gardens especially the female Lauender whiche is very common in all gardens but the male kinde is not founde sauing amongst the Herboristes Lauandula mas English Spike Lauandula foemina Lauender ⧠The Tyme Lauender floureth in Iune and Iuly †The Names It is called in Latine Lauandula in Shops Lauendula in English Spike and Lauender in Italian Spigo and Lauanda in Spanish Alhuzema Alfazema of some in Greeke Pseudonardus and of others Hirculus and of some also Rosmarinum coronarium It seemeth to be the herbe that Virgil calleth Casia and Theophrastus Cneorus albus The first kind is Lauandula mas in English Lauander or Spike in French Lauande masle ▪ in high Douch Spica and Spica nardi in base Almaigne Lauender and Lauender manneken The seconde kinde is called Lauendula and Lauendula foemina in English Spike and Female Lauender in French Lauande femelle in high Douch Lafendel in base Almaigne Lauender wijfken †The Nature Lauender is hoate and dry in the second degree ⧠The Vertues Lauender boyled in wine and dronken prouoketh vrine bringeth downe the floures and driueth forth the Secondine and the dead Childe The floures of Lauender alone or with Cinnamome Nutmegs Cloues do cure the beating of the harte and the Iaunders and are singuler against the Apoplexie and giddinesse or turning of the head they comforte the brayne and members taken or subiect to the Palsie The conserue made of the floures with Sugar profiteth much against the sayde diseases to be taken in the morning fasting in quantitie of a Beane The distilled water of the floures of Spike or Lauender healeth mēbers of the Palsie if they be washed therewith Of Staechados / or French Lauender Chap. lxxxvij ⧠The Description THis is a beautiful herbe of a good very pleasant smell with diuers weake tender branches set full of long small whitish leaues but smaller narrower tenderer of a more amiable sauour than the leaues of Lauender At the toppe of the stalkes there growe fayre thicke knoppes or spikie eares with smal blew floures thicke set and thrust togither These knops or eares are solde euery where in Shops by the name of Staecados Arabicum There is yet an other herbe which the Apothecaries do call Stichas citrina the whiche we haue described in the lx Chapter of the first Booke †The Place This herbe groweth in the Iles called Staechades standing directly ouer agaynst Marsiles and in diuers places of Lāguedoc and Prouince in Arabia In this countrie some Herboristes do sowe it and mayntayne it with great diligence †The Tyme Staecados floureth in May and Iune somwhat before Lauender Staechas †The Names It is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Stichas and Staechas in Shoppes Stichas Arabica Stęchados Arabicum in the Arabian tongue Astochodos in English Staechados French Lauender Cassidonie of some Lauender gētle in Italian Sticados in Spanish Cantuesso Rosmarinho in Frēch Staechados †The Nature The complexion of Staechados is hoate and dry †The Vertues The decoction of Staechados with his floures or else the floures alone drōken do opē the stoppings of the Liuer the lunges the Melte the Mother the bladder and of all other inward partes clensing and driuing forth all euill
the learned Ruellius Foeniculum Fenell †The Place Fenell groweth in this countrie in gardens †The Tyme It floureth in Iune and Iuly and the seede is ripe in August †The Names The first kynde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and of Actuarius 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine and in Shoppes Foeniculum in Englishe Fenell in Italian Finochio in Spanish Finicho in French Fenoil in high Douch Fenchel in base Almaigne Venckel The seconde kinde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Foeniculum erraticum that is to say wilde Fenell and great Fenell and of some Fenell Giant †The Nature Fenell is hoate in the thirde degree and dry in the first †The Vertues The greene leaues of Fenell eaten or the seede thereof dronken with Ptisan filleth wemens breastes or dugges with milke The decoction of the crops of Fenel drōken easeth the payne of the kidneys causeth one to make water to auoyde the stone bringeth downe the floures The roote doth the like the which is not only good for the intentes aforesayd but also against the Dropsie to be boyled in wine and dronken The leaues and seede of Fenell dronken with wine is good agaynst the stingings of Scorpions and the bitings of other wicked venimous beastes Fenell or the seede dronken with water asswageth the payne of the stomacke and the wambling or desire to vomite which such haue as haue the Ague The herbe the seede and the roote of Fenell are very good for the Lunges the Liuer and the kidneys for it openeth the obstructions or stoppings of those partes and comforteth them The rootes pounde and layde too with honie are good against the bytings of madde Dogges The leaues pounde with vineger are good to be layde to the disease called the wilde fire and all hoate swellings and if they be stamped togither with waxe it is good to be layde to bruses and stripes that are blacke and blewe Fenell boyled in wine or pounde with oyle is very good for the yearde or secrete parte of man to be eyther bathed or stued or rubbed and anoynted with the same The iuyce of Fenell dropped into the eares killeth the wormes breeding in the same And the sayde iuyce dryed in the Sunne is good to be put into Collyres and medicines prepared to quicken the sight Of Dill. Chap. xc †The Description DIll hath rounde knottie stalkes full of bowghes branches of a foote halfe or two foote long The leaues be all to iagged or frenged with small threddes not much vnlike to fenel leaues but a great deale harder and the strings or thredes therof are greater The floures be yellow grow in round spokie tuffets or rundels at the toppe of the stalkes like Fenell whan they are vanisshed there cōmeth the seede whiche is small and flat the roote is white and it dieth yearely †The Place They sowe Dill in al gardens amōgst wortes and Pot herbes †The Tyme It floureth in Iune and Iuly †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine and in the Shoppes Anethum in English Dil in Italian Anetho in Spanish Eueldo Endros in French Aneth in high Douch Dyllen Hochkraut in base Almaigne Dille †The Nature Dill is almost hoate in the thirde degree and dry in the second Anethum †The Vertues The decoction of the toppes and croppes of Dill with the seede boyled in water and dronken causeth wemen to haue plentie of Milke It driueth away ventositie or windinesse and swageth the blasting griping torment of the belly it stayeth vomiting and laskes and prouoketh vrine to be taken as is aforesayde It is very profitable against the suffocation or strangling of the Matrix if ye cause wemen to receyue the fume of the decoction of it thorough a close stole or hollow seate made for the purpose The seede thereof being well chauffed and often smelled vnto stayeth the yexe or hiquet The same burned or parched taketh away the swelling lumpes and riftes or wrincles of the tuell or fundement if it be layde thereto The herbe made into axsen doth restrayne close vp and heale moyste vlcers especially those that are in the share or priuie partes if it be strowed thereon Dill boyled in oyle doth digest and resolue and swageth payne prouoketh carnall luste and ripeth all rawe and vnripe tumors †The Daunger If one vse it to often it diminisheth the sight and the seede of generation Of Anyse Chap. xci ⧠The Description ANise hath leaues like to yong Persley that is new sprong vp his stalkes be rounde and hollow his leaues at the first springing vp are somewhat round but afterwarde it hath other leaues cut and clouen like to the leaues of Persley but a great deale smaller whiter At the toppe of the stalkes groweth diuers faire tuftes or spokie rundels with white floures like to the tuftes of the smal Saxifrage or of Coriandre After the floures are past there cōmeth vp seede which is whitish and in smell and taste sweete and pleasant †The Place Anise groweth naturally in Syria Candie Now one may find good store sowen in the gardens of Flaūders and Englande †The Tyme It floureth in Iune and Iuly †The Names Anise is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine and in Shoppes Anisum in Italian Semenze de Anisi ▪ in Spanish Matahalua yerua doce in high Douch Anisz in base Almaigne Anijs †The Nature The Anise seede the whiche onely is vsed in Medicine is hoate and dry in the thirde degree Anisum †The Vertues Anise seede dissolueth the windinesse and is good against belching and vpbreaking and blasting of the stomacke and bowels it swageth the paynes and griping torment of the belly it stoppeth the laske it causeth one to pisse and to auoyde the stone if it be taken dry or with wine or water and it remoueth the hicquet or yeox not onely whan it is dronken and receyued inwardly but also with the onely smell and sauour It cureth the blouddie flixe and stoppeth the white issue of wemen and it is very profitably giuen to such as haue the dropsie for it openeth the pypes and conduits of the Liuer and stancheth thirst Annise seede plentifully eaten stirreth vp fleshly lust and causeth wemen to haue plenty of Milke The seede chewed in the mouth maketh a sweete mouth and easie breath amendeth the stench of the mouth The same dried by the fier and taken with Hony clenseth the breast from flegmatique superfluities and if one put therevnto bitter Amandes it cureth the olde Cough The same dronken with wine is very good against al poyson and the stinging of Scorpions and biting of all other venimous beastes It is singuler to be giuen to infants or yong children to eate that be in danger to haue the falling sicknesse so that such as do but only hold it in their hāds as saith Pythagoras shall be no
blumen that is to say S. Catharines floure of some Waldt schwartz kumich some learned men thinke it to be wilde Comyn whereof we haue written in the lxxxiiij Chapter of this Booke The thirde kinde is now called Melanthium Damascenum and Nigella Damascena that is to say Damaske Nigella in French Nielle de Damas in high Douch Schwartz Coriander †The Nature The seede of Nigella is hoate and dry in the thirde degree †The Vertues The seede of Nigella dronken with wine is a remedie against the shortnesse of breath it dissolueth and scattereth all ventositie and windinesse in the body it prouoketh vrine floures it increaseth womans milke if they drinke it often The same slayeth and driueth out wormes whether it be dronken with wine or water or else layde to the Nauell of the belly The same vertue hath the oyle that is drawen forth of Nigella seede to annoynt the region of the belly and nauell therewith The quantitie of a Dramme of it dronkē with water is very good against all poyson and the biting of venimous beasts The onely fume or smoake of Nigella tosted or burnt driueth away Serpents and other venimous beasts and killeth Flies Bees and Waspes The same mingled with the oyle of Ireos and layde to the forehead cureth the head ache and oftentimes put into the Nose is good against the webbe bloudshotten of the eyes in the beginning of the same The same well dried and pound and wrapped in a piece of Sarsenet or fine linencloath and often smelled vnto cureth all Murres Catharrhes poses drieth the brayne and restoreth the smelling being lost And boyled with water and vineger and holden in the mouth swageth the tootheache and if one chewe it being well dried it cureth the vlcers and sores of the mouth It taketh out Lentils Freckles and other spottes of the face and clenseth foule scuruinesse and itche and doth soften olde colde and harde swellings being pounde with vineger and layde vpon The same stieped in olde wine or stale pisse as Plinie saith causeth the Cornes and Agnayles to fall of from the feete if they be first scarified and scotched rounde aboute †The Daunger Take heede that ye take not to much of this herbe for if ye go beyonde the measure it bringeth death Turner lib. secundo fol. 10. Of libanotis Rosmarie Chap. xcvij. †The Kyndes LIbanotis as Dioscorides writeth is of twoo sortes the one is frutefull the other is barren Of the frutefull sorte there is two or three kindes ⧠The Description THe first frutefull kinde hath leaues as Dioscorides saith very much diuided and cut lyke vnto Fenell leaues sauing they be greater and larger moste commonly spread abroade vpon the grounde amongst them groweth vp a stalke of a cubite that is a foote and halfe long or more vpon whiche grow the floures in spokie tuffets like Dill and it beareth great round cornered seede of a strong sauour and sharpe taste The roote is thicke and hearie aboue and sauoring like Rosin The seconde kinde hath a long stalke with ioyntes like the Fenell stalke on whiche growe leaues almoste like Charuill or Homlocke sauing they be greater broader and thicker At the toppe of the stalkes groweth spokie tuffets bearing white floures the whiche do turne into sweete smelling seede flatte and almost like to the seede of Angelica and Brank vrsine The roote is blacke without and white within hearie aboue and sauereth like to Rosin or Frankencence There is yet an other sorte of these fruteful kindes of Libanotis the which is described by Theophrastus Lib .ix. Chapt .xij. It hath also a straight stalke with knottes and ioyntes and leaues greater than Marche or Smallache The floures grow in tuftes like as in the two other kindes bringe foorth great long and vneuen seede which is sharpe in taste The roote is long great thicke and white with a certayne kinde of great thicke heare aboue and smelleth also of Frankencence or Rosin Libanotidis alterum genus Libanotis Theophrasti The barren Libanotides as Dioscorides writeth are like to the frutefull in leaues rootes sauing they beare neither stalkes floures nor seede The other kinde of Libanotis called Rosmarinum coronarium in English Rosmarie hath bene already described Chap. lxxv of this Booke †The Place The frutefull Libanotides are now founde vpon the high mountaynes hilles and desertes of Germany ⧠The Tyme These herbes do floure most commonly in Iuly †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Libanotis bicause that his roote sauoreth like the Encens which is called in Greke Libanos in Latine Rosmarinus The first kind as Dioscorides writeth is called of some Zea and Campsanema in Shoppes Faeniculus porcinus in high Douche Beerwurtz in base Almaigne Beerwortel that is to say Beers roote The seede therof is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Canchrys or Cachrys The second kinde is called in high Douch Schwartz hirtzwurtz that is to say blacke Harte roote The thirde is described of Theophrastus wherefore we haue named it Libanotis Theophrasti in high Douch weisz Hirtzwurtz that is to say white Hartes roote the seede of this kinde is also called of Theophrastus Canchrys or Cachrys †The Nature These herbes with their seedes and rootes are hoate and dry in the second degree and are proper to digest dissolue and mundifie †The Vertues The rootes of Libanotis dronken with wine prouoketh vrine floures healeth the griping paynes and torment of the belly and are very good against the bytings of Serpents and other venimous beasts The seede of Libanotis is good for the purposes aforesayde Moreouer it is singuler good against the falling sicknesse and the olde and colde diseases of the breast They vse to giue it to drinke with pepper against the Iaūders especially the seede of the seconde kynde of Libanotis for as touching the seede of the first kinde called Cachrys it is not very good to be taken into the bodie seing that by his great heate and sharpnesse it causeth the throote to be rough and grieuouse The leaues of al the Libanotides pounde do stoppe the fluxe of the Hemorrhoides or Pyles and do souple the swellings and inflammations of the tuell or fundement and it mollifieth and ripeth all olde colde and harde swellings being layde therevpon The iuyce of the herbe and rootes put into the eyes with hony doth quicken the sight and cleareth the dimnesse of the same The dry roote mengled with Hony doth scoure and clense rottē vlcers and doth consume and waste all tumors or swellings The seede mengled with oyle is good to annoynt them that haue the Crampe and it prouoketh sweate The same mengled with Yuray meale and vineger swageth the payne of the goute when it is layde thereto It doth also clense and heale the white dry scurffe and manginesse if it be layde on with good strong vineger They lay to the forehead the seede called Cachrys
to wilde Persley the seede whereof is of a very pleasant and Aromaticall sauour and of a sharpe and byting taste both these kindes are yet vnknowen The thirde kinde as Dioscorides writeth hath leaues like Coriander white flouresrand a tufte or spokie bushe like to wilde Carot and long seede For this kinde of Daucus there is now taken the herbe whiche some do call wilde Carrot other call it burdes nest for it hath leaues like Coriander but greater and not muche vnlike the leaues of the yellow Carrot His floures be white growing vpon tuffets or rundels like to the tuffets of the yellow Carrot in the middle whereof there is founde a little small floure or twayne of a broune redde colour turning towardes blacke The seede is long and hearie and sticketh or cleaueth fast vnto garmēts The roote is small and harde †The Place The firste kinde groweth in stony places that stād full in the Sunne especially in Candy as Dioscorides writeth The third kinde groweth euerywhere in this countrie aboute the borders of fields in stony places by the way sides †The Tyme The third kinde of Daucus floureth in Iuly and August †The Names The Daucus is called in greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Daucum and Daucium The first kind is called Daucum Creticum that is to say Daucus of Candie The third kinde is called in Shoppes Daucus of some also Daucus Creticus in English Daucus and wilde Carrot in Frēch Carrotte sauuage in high Douch Vogelnest that is to say Birdes nest in base Almaigne Croonkēs cruyt the same is but a certayne wilde Carrot Dauci tertium genus †The Nature The seede of Daucus is hoate and dry almost vnto the thirde degree ⧠The Vertues The seede of Daucus dronken is good against the strangurie and painefull making of water against the grauell the stone it prouoketh vrine floures and expulseth the dead fruyte and Secondine It swageth the torment and griping payne of the bellie dissolueth windinesse cureth the Colique and ripeth an old Cough The same taken in wine is very good against the bitings of venimous beasts especially against the stingings of Phalanges or fielde spiders The same pounde and layde to dissolueth scattereth colde softe swellings and tumors The roote of Daucus of Candie dronken in wine stoppeth the laske and is a soueraigne remedie against venim and poyson Of Saxifrage Chap. ci †The Kyndes The Saxifrage is of two sortes great and small †The Description THe great Saxifrage hath a long hollow stalke with ioyntes or knees whereon groweth darke greene leaues turning towards blacke made fashioned of many small leaues growing vpon one stem after the order of the garden Carrot or Parsenip but much smaller each little leafe alone is snipt round about the edges saw-fashiō the floures are white grow in roūd Cronettes or spoky tuffets The seede is like to common Parselie seede sauing that it is hoater and byting vpon the tongue The roote is single white and long like the Parselie roote but sharpe and hoate in taste like Ginger Saxifragia maior The great Saxifrage Saxifragia minor The small Saxifrage The small Saxifrage is altogither like the great in stalkes leaues floures and seede sauing that it is a great deale smaller and of a greater heate and sharpnesse The roote is also long and single of a very hoate and sharpe taste There is yet an other small Saxifrage like to the aforesayde in stalkes floures seede and roote and in proportion smacke and smell sauing his leaues are deeper cut and of an other fasshion not much vnlike the leaues of Parselie of the garden or the wilde Parselie †The Place The great Saxifrage groweth in high medowes and good groundes The smal Saxifrages growe vnder hedges and alongst the grasie fieldes in dry pastures both these kindes are very common in this countrie †The Tyme Saxifrage floureth after Iune vnto the ende of August and from that time foorth the seede is ripe †The Names The Saxifrage is called in Latine and in the Shoppes of this countrie Saxifragia and Saxifraga of Symon Iannensis Petra findula of some Bibinella in high Douch Bibernell and Feldmoren in base Almaigne Beuernaert and Beuernelle There be some also whiche call it Bipennula Pimpinella and Pampinula the whiche is the peculier or proper name of our Burnet described in the xcv Chapter of the first booke and doth not apperteyne vnto these herbes as it appeareth by this olde Verse Pimpinella pilos Saxifraga non habet vllos that is to say Pimpinell or Burnet hath heares but Saxifrage hath none Whereby it appeareth that our Pimpinell commonly called in Englinsh Burnet which hath certayne fine heares appearing in the leaues whan they are broken was called in times paste in Latine Pimpinella and this whiche hath no hearinesse at all was called Saxifragia Some learned men of our time traueling to bring the small Saxifrage vnder certayne Chapiters of Dioscorides do call it Sison and others Petroselinum Macedonicum The third sorte wolde haue it a kinde of Daucus But in my iudgement it is much like to Dioscorides 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Bunium †The Nature Saxifrage with his leaues seede and roote is hoate and dry euen to the thirde degree †The Vertues The seede roote of Saxifrage dronken with wine or the decoction thereof made in wine causeth to pisse well breaketh the stone of the kidneys and bladder and is singular against the strangurie and the stoppings of the kidneys and bladder The roote bringeth to women their termes driueth forth of the Matrix the Secondine and the dead fruyte if it be taken in maner aforesayde The roote dried and made into pouder and taken with Sugar comforteth and warmeth the stomacke helpeth digestion and cureth the gnawing and griping paynes in the belly and the Colique by dryuing away ventositie or windinesse The same with the seede are very good for them whiche are troubled with any Conuulsion or Crampe and Apoplexie and for such as are troubled with long colde Feuers and for them that are bitten with any venimous beast or haue taken any poyson The same dronken with wine and vineger cureth the Pestilence and holden in the mouth preserueth a man from the sayde disease and purifieth the corrupt ayre The same chewen vpon maketh one to auoyde much flegme and draweth from the brayne all grosse and clammy superfluities it swageth toothache and bringeth speach againe to them that are taken with the Apoplexie It hath the same vertue if it be boyled in vineger alone or with some water put thereto and afterwarde to holde it in the mouth The iuyce of the leaues of Saxifrage doth clense and take away all spots and freckles and beautifieth the face and leaueth a good colour It mundifieth corrupt and rotten vlcers if it be put into them The same vertue hath the leaues brused and layde vpon The destilled water alone or with vineger cleareth
proportion of larkes spurre but muche smaller and of Carnation or a light redde purple colour and oftentimes white and growing meetly thicke togyther After the flowers there coÌ„meth certaine huskes or coddes in which is the seede whiche is rounde and blacke The roote of one of these kindes is all rounde and firme yellowe within and couered ouer with a blackishe pyll or skinne The roote of the other is most commonly long growen like a peare holowe both vnderneath and within †The Place These rootes growe by olde quicke set hedges and bushes in the borders of feeldes and in the pendant and hanging of hilles and mountaynes The smaller roote whiche is not hollowe is founde in certayne places of Brabant by Louaigne The greater whiche is also holow groweth in Germany wheras the one groweth the other groweth not at all so that ye shal neuer finde the full roote growing with the holowe roote nor the holowe roote growing by the full roote †The Tyme This herbe springeth betimes and bringeth foorth his stalkes and leaues in Februarie and flowreth in Marche and deliuereth his seede in April afterwardes the herbe fadeth so that nothing of him remayneth sauing the roote vnder grounde †The Names The roote whiche is holowe within is called in Germanie Holwurtz that is to say in English Holowe roote or Holewurt in Frenche Racine creuse in Brabant Hoolwortele that is to say in Latine Radix caua The other whiche is full close and firme is called in Brabant BoonkeÌ„s Holwortel Radix caua maior The great Holewurt Radix caua minor The small Holewurt This roote especially that whiche is holowe hath ben of long time vsed in the Shoppes of this Countrey for rounde Aristolochia it is so taken yet of some ignorant Apothecaries Some of the learned do thinke this herbe to be the Pistolochia described of Plinie Others woulde haue it to be a kinde of fumetorie caled Capnos Phragmites and some thinke it to be 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Thesium Theophrasti Some also thinke it to be 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Eriphiam Plinij and it seemeth to be somewhat lyke Eriphya that is written with y bycause it is founde in the spring time onely and therefore it may be well called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is in Latine Planta veris. †The Nature Holeworte is hoate and dry in the seconde degree †The Vertues Holeworte cureth the Squinancie and olde tumoures or swelling of the throte or kernelles and Almondes of the same if one gargle or wash his mouth with the decoction of the same roote boyled in water onely or vineger for it hath power to cut and consume grosse humours It is also good agaynst the tumoures and inflammations of the vuula to be kept in the mouth and chewed vppon or the powder of the same layde thereto The same mingled with Vnguentum Populion nigrum or with some other of the same nature is good to waste and consume the HÄ™mÄ™roydes or piles and to swage the paynes of the same Of Swallowurte or Vincetoxicum Chap. iij. †The Description ASclepias is somewhat lyke the third kinde of Aristolochia in stalkes and leaues his stalkes be smothe rounde and small about two foote long with blackish leaues not much vnlyke Iuye leaues sauing they be longer sharper poynted The flowers growe vpon small stemmes betwixt the leaues of a pale or bleake white colour and sometime eyellowish and also blacke of a certayne strong sweetish sauour after them commeth long sharpe-poynted huskes or coddes the which do opeÌ„ of themselues whan they are ripe and within them is conteined seede lapped as it were in a certaine white wooll the whiche seede is reddish and broade not muche vnlyke the seede of Gentian The rootes be long round as it were small round threddie stringes or laces enterlaced one with another almost lyke the rootes of blacke Hellebor or Oxe heele and of a rancke sauour †The Place Asclepias groweth in rough high grauely and Stonie mountaynes †The Tyme It flowreth in Iune and his seede is ripe in August †The Names This herbe is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and in Latine Asclepias of some it is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Hederuncula 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is Hederae folium and nowe it is called Hirundinaria and VincetoxicuÌ„ in Germanie Schwalben wurtzel in Brabant Swaluwe wortele we may call it in English Asclepias VincetoxicuÌ„ Swallowurt Asclepias †The cause of his first Name This herbe tooke his name of the Ancient father Esculapius which was called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 whom both the Greekes and Gentils say that he was the first that found out Physicke wherefore they honoured him as a God †The Nature The rootes of Asclepias are hoate and drie and resist poyson †The Vertues The roote of this Herbe boyled in water and dronken slaketh the gryping paynes of the belly is very good for suche as are bitten of venimous beastes and madde Dogges not onely to be giuen to drinke inwardly with wine but also if the leaues be applyed outwardly The leaues of Asclepias pounde and layde to are good agaynst the malignant vlcers and corrupt sores both of the breastes and Matrix or mother Of Periploca Chap. iiij †The Kyndes THere are two sortes of Periploca wherof one hath no surname the other is called Periploca repens Periploca prior The first Periploca Periploca altera The seconde Periploca †The Description THE first Periploca is many wayes like vnâ—… Swallowurt or Asclepias but his leaues be somewhat larger and greater his little stalkes or branches are longer his huskes or coddes allâ— are longer and thicker and his rootes are like threddie stringes creeping on the grounde The other hath longer and larger leaues his stalkes and braunches are thicker and harder they perishe not in winter as the first do and his huskes or coddes are also greater Both these herbes beyng scarrified or hurt do giue foorth a milkie iuyce or liquor and specially the last for the iuyce of the first is oftentimes yellowish †The Place These plantes growe in Syria and suche lyke hoate regions they do not lightly beare their huskes in Brabant †The Names They are both called Periplocae and the second is called Periplocca repens both are thought to be 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Apocynon of Dioscorides the whiche is also called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and Brassica Canina yet there is another Brassica canina a kind of wilde Mercurie ⧠The Nature and Vertues Apocynon is a deadly and hurtful plant not onely to man but also to cattel his leaues mixt with meale and tempered or made into bread it destroyeth Dogges Wolues and Foxes and other suche beastes that eate thereof Of Asarabacca Chap. v. †The Description ASarabacca hath swart greene rounde shining leaues lyke Iuye but a great dealerounder and tenderer in and amongst those leaues next the grounde growe the
these plantes is called of Dioscorides 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Arisarū we may also call it in English Arisaron Plinie in his xxiiij booke and xvj Chap. calleth it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 saying there is an Aris growing in Egypt like vnto Aron but it is smaller both in leaues and roote and yet the roote is as bigge as an Olife But the other Arisaron was vnknowen of the olde writers Yet that it is also a kinde of Arisaron it is manifest aswel in the flowers fruit rootes as also in the qualities †The Nature Arisaron is of a hoater and dryer complexion than Aron as Galen writeth ⧠The Vertues Arisaron also in vertue and operation is lyke to Dragonwortes and the roote thereof is proper to cure hollowe vlcers and paynefull sores as Dioscorides writeth they also make of it Collyria and playsters good agaynst Fistulas It rotteth and corrupteth the priuie members of all liuing thinges being put therein as Dioscorides writeth Of Centorie Chap. ix †The Kyndes CEntorie as Dioscorides writeth is of two sorts that is to say the great and the smal the whiche in proportion and quantitie are muche differing one from the other †The Description THE great Centorie hath rounde stemmes of two or three Cubites long it hath long leaues diuided into sundry partes lyke vnto the walnut tree leaues sauing that these leaues are snipt dented about the edges lyke a Sawe The flowers be of small hearie threddes or thrommes of a lyght blewe purple colour and they growe out of the scalye knoppes at the toppes of the braunches the whiche knoppes or heades are rounde and somewhat swollen in the neather parte lyke to a peare or small Hartichock in whiche knoppes togyther with a certayne kinde of Downe or Cotton are founde the long rounde smoth and shining seede like the seede of Cartamus or Bastarde Saffron and our Ladyes Thistel The roote is long grosse thicke and brickle of a blackish colour without and reddish within full of iuyce of sanguin colour with sweetnesse and a certayne byting Affriction Of this great Centorie there is an other kinde whose leafe is not diuided or iagde into partes or peeces but after the manner of a Docke leafe it is long and broade single and not cut into partes yet it is nickt snipt rounde about the edges Sawe fashion The stalke is shorter than the other The flowers seede and roote is lyke the other Centaurium magnum The great Centorie Centaurium minus The smal Centorie †The Place The great Centorie delighteth in a good and fruitfull grounde and grasie hilles k playnes Dioscorides sayth it groweth in Lycia Peloponneso Arcadia Helide Messenie and in diuers places of Pholoen Smyrna that stande high and well agaynst the Sunne It is also founde vpon the mounte Garganus or Idea in the Countrie of Apuleia and in the feelde Baldus vppon the mountaynes nere Verona but that which groweth in the mount Baldus is not so good as that of Apuleia as Matthiolus writeth The single or whole leaued great Centorie groweth in Spayne and the rootes being brought to Antwarpe and hyther do sometime grow being planted in our gardens The small Centorie groweth in vntoyled feeldes and pastures but especially in dry groundes and it is common in the most places of Englande and also in Italie and Germanie †The Tyme The great Centories do flower in sommer and their rootes must be gathered in Autumne The small Centorie is gathered in Iuly and August with his flowers and seede †The Names The great Centorie is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Centauriū magnum Theophrastus also calleth it Centaurida in Shoppes it is wrong named of some Rha Ponticum for Rha Ponticum is that kinde of Rha which groweth in the Countrie of Pontus and it is a plant muche differing from the great Centaurie There be also other names ascribed vnto the great Centorie which are fayned and counterfayted as Apuleius writeth wherof some seeme to apparteine to the lesser Cētorie as 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is in Latine Herculis sanguis Vnefera Fel terrae Polyhydion 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The smal Centorie is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and of Theophrastus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Centaurium paruum and Centaurium minus of some Febrifuga Fel terrae and Multiradix of the Apothecaries Centauria minor in Italie and Hetruria Biondella in Spanish Cintoria in Germanie Tausenguldenkraut in Brabant Santorie and cleyn Santorie in French Petite Centaure †The cause of the Name Centorie was called in Greeke Centaurion and Chironion after the name of Chiron the Centaure who first of all founde out these two herbes taught thē to Aesculapius as Apuleius writeth And as some other write they were so named bycause Chiron was cured with these herbes of a certayne wounde whiche he tooke being receiued as a ghest or straunger in Hercules house or lodging by letting fall on his foote one of Hercules shaftes or arrowes as he was handling and vewing of the sayde Hercules weapon and armour †The Nature The great Centorie is hoate and dry in the thirde degree also astringent The lesse or small Centorie is of complexion hoate and drie in the seconde degree ⧠The Vertues The roote of great Centorie in quantitie of two Drammes taken with water if there be a feuer in wine if there be no feuer is good for them that are bursten and for them that spet blood and agaynst the Crampe shrinking of any member the shortnesse of winde and difficultie of breathing the olde cough and griping paynes or knawinges of the belly The same dronken in wine bringeth downe the monethes or womens natural termes and expulseth the dead fruit as it doth also being conueyed in at the naturall place as a Pessarie or mother Suppositorie The greene roote of great Centorie stamped or the drie roote soked in water and brused doth ioyne togyther and heale al greene and fresh woundes being layde and applyed therevnto The iuyce of the roote the which they gather and keepe in some countries hath the lyke vertue as the roote it selfe The roote of the small or lesse Centorie is to no purpose for Medicine but the leaues flowers and iuyce of the same are very necessarie The smal Centorie boyled in water or wine purgeth downewardes Cholerique flegmatique grosse humours and therefore it is good for such as are greeued with the Sciatica if they be purged with the same vntyll the blood come It is very good agaynst the stoppinges of the liuer against the Iaundise and agaynst the hardnesse of the Melte or Splene The decoction of Centorie the lesse dronken killeth wormes and driueth them foorth by siege It is also very good against conuultions and Crampes and al the diseases of the sinewes The iuyce therof taken applied vnder in a Pessarie prouoketh the flowers and expulseth the dead childe The same with
taken is described in the second part of this Historie where as it is also declared the it is no kinde of blacke Hellebor but the right Buphthalmum or Oxe eye and therefore neither hurtful nor dangerous as it hath ben more largely declared ¶ The Place Blacke Hellebor groweth in Aetolia vpon the mountayne Helicon in Beotia and vpon Parnassus mount in Phocidia and in this Countrie it is found in the gardens of certayne Herboristes Christes wurtes likewise is not common in this Countrie but is only found in the gardens of some Herboristes The bastarde blacke Hellebor groweth in certayne woods of this Countrie as in the wood Soenie in Brabant it is set or planted in diuers gardens ¶ The Tyme The blacke Hellebor in this Countrie flowreth in Iune and shortly after the seede is rype Christes wurte flowreth al bytimes about Christmas in Ianuarie almost vntill March in Februarie the old leaues fall of and they spring foorth againe in Marche The blacke Bastarde Hellebor flowreth also bytimes but most commonly in Februarie sometimes also vntil April †The Names Blacke Hellebor is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Veratrum nigrū and Helleborus niger of some Melampodium Praetium Polyrhyzon Melanorhizon of some writers now Luparia Pulsatilla in high Douch Schwartz Niesewurtz in base Almaigne Swe rt Niesewortel The second should seeme to be 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Helleborus niger which Theophrast describeth and is called of learned men that write now Planta Leonis that is to say Lions foote it is taken for that herbe which Alexander Trallian and Paulus Aegineta call in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Coronopodiū and Pes cornicis It is called in Brabant Heylichkerstcruyt that is to say the herbe of Christ or Christmas herbe bycause it flowreth most commonly about Christmas especially whan the winter is milde The thirde is now called Pseudo helleborus niger Veratrum adulterinum nigrum and it is taken of some for the herbe whiche Plinie calleth Consiligo in high Douch it is called Christwurtz that is to say Christes roote in Brabant Viercruyt that is to say Fier herbe bycause with this herbe alone men cure a disease in cattel named in Frenche Le feu of some it is called Wranckcruyt as of the learned and famous Doctor in his time Spierinck resident at Louaigne and some call it Vaencruyt †The occasion of the Name This herbe was called Melampodium bycause a shepheard called Melampus in Arcadia cured with this herbe the daughters of Proetus whiche were distract of their memories and become mad so that afterwarde the herbe was knowen †The Nature Blacke Hellebor is hoate and dry in the third degree Christeswurt and the blacke bastarde Hellebor are in complexion very lyke to blacke Hellebor †The Vertues Blacke Hellebor taken inwardly prouoketh the siege or stoole vehemently and purgeth the neather part of the belly from grosse and thicke fleme and cholerique humours also it is good for them that waxe mad or fall beside them selues and for suche as be dull heauy and melancholique also it is good for them that haue the gowte and Sciatica Lyke vertues it hath to be taken in potages or to be sodden with boyled meate for so it doth open the belly and putteth forth al superfluous humours The same layd to in manner of a Pessarie or mother Suppositorie bringeth downe womens sicknesse and deliuereth the dead childe The same put into Fistulas and holowe vlcers by the space of three dayes clenseth them and scoureth away the hardnesse and knobbes of the same The roote therof put into the eares of them that be harde of hearing two or three dayes togither helpeth them very muche It swageth tooth ache if one washe his teeth with vineger wherein it hath ben boyled An emplayster made of this roote with barly meale and wine is very good to be layde vpon the bellyes of them that haue the Dropsie The same pounde with Frankencense Rosom Oyle healeth al roughnesse hardnesse of the skinne scuruinesse spots scarres if it be rubbed therewith Planta Leonis or Christeswurtes is not much differing in properties from blacke Hellebor for it doth also purge and driueth forth by siege mightily both melancholy and other superfluous humours The roote of bastarde Hellebor stieped in wine and dronken doth also loose the belly like blacke Hellebor and is very good against al those diseases where vnto blacke Hellebor serueth It doth his operation with more force and might if it be made into powder and a dram thereof be receiued in wine The same boyled in water with Rue Egrimony or bastard Eupatory healeth the Iaundise and purgeth yellow superfluities by the siege The same thrust into the eares of Oxen Sheepe or other cattel helpeth the same agaynst the disease of the longes as Plinie and Columella writeth for it draweth all the corruption and greefe of the longes into the eares And in the time of Pestilence if one put this roote into the bodyes of any it draweth to that part al the corruption venomous infection of the body Therefore assone as any strange or sodayne greefe taketh the cattell the people of the Countrie do put it straightwaies into some part of a beast where as it may do least hurt and within short space all the greefe will come to that place and by that meanes the beast is saued †The Danger Although blacke Hellebor is not so vehement as the white yet it can not be giuen without danger especially to people that haue their health for as Hippocrates saith Carnes habentibus sanas Helleborus periculosus facit enim Cōuulsionem that is to say to suche as be whole Hellebor is very perilous for it causeth shrinking of sinewes therefore Hellebor may not be ministred except in desperate causes and that to young and strong people and not at al times but in the spring time only yet ought it not to be geuen before it be prepared and corrected †The correction whan Hellebor is giuen with long Pepper Hysope Daucus and Annys seede it worketh better with lesse danger also if it be boyled in the broth of a Capon or of any other meate and then the brothe giuen to drinke it worketh with lesse danger Of herbe Aloë Chap. xxvij †The Description ALoë hath very great long leaues two fingers thicke hauing rounde about short pointes or Crestes standing wide one from another The roote is thicke and long The flowers stalke and seede are much like the flowers stalke seede of Affodyll as Dioscorides sayth but in these partes they haue not ben yet seene All the herbe is of strong sauour and bitter tast And out of this herbe which groweth in India is drawen a iuyce the which is dryed and is also named Aloë and it is carryed into all partes of the worlde for to be vsed in medicine †The Place Aloë groweth very plenteously in India and from thence commeth
†The Remedie Before ye occupie the seede of Stafisakre ye must stipe it in vineger and drie it and whan it is drie ye may giue it to drinke with Meade or watered honie Meade is honie and water boyled togither and whosoeuer hath receiued of this seede must walke without staying and should drinke Hidromel very oftē when he feeleth any kinde of choking and in this dooing it shall perfourme his operation without any great danger Of the wilde spirting Eueumbre Chap. xl †The Description WIlde Cucumbre hath leaues somewhat rounde and rough but lesser and rougher then the leaues of common Cucumber The stalkes be rounde and rough creeping alongst the grounde without any claspers or holders vpon whiche out of the holownesse of the collaterall branches or winges amongst the leaues grow shorte stemmes bearing a flower of a faynte yellow colour after the flowers there commeth little rough Cucumbers of the bignesse length of ones thombe full of sappe with a browne kernell the which being ripe skippeth forth assoone as one touche the Cucumbers The roote is white thicke and great with many other small rootes hanging by All the herbe is of a very bitter taste but especially the fruite whereof men vse to gather the iuyce and drye it the whiche is vsed in medicine †The Place This herbe is found in the gardens of Herboristes of this Countrie and where as it hath ben once sowen it commeth easily agayne euery yere †The Tyme These Cucumbers do flower in August their seede is ripe in September †The Names This Cucumber is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Cucumis Agrestis syluestris erraticus of some Cucumis anguinus in shoppes Cucumis asininus in English Wylde Cucumbre in French Concombre sauuage in high Douche Wilde Cucumer or Esels Cucumer in base Almaigne Wilde Concommeren or Esels Concommeren in Englishe Wilde Cucumber or leaping Cucumber Cucumissyluestris The iuyce of the roote being dry is called Elaterium in shoppes Elacterium †The Nature The iuyce of wilde Cucumbre is hoate and drie in the second degree and of a resoluing and clensing nature The roote is of the same working but not so strong as the iuyce †The Vertues Elaterium whiche is the iuyce of wilde Cucumbers dryed taken in quantitie of halfe a scruple driueth foorth by siege grosse fleme cholerique and especially waterishe humours Moreouer it is good against the Dropsie and for them that be troubled with shortnesse of breath The same delayed with sweete milke and powred into the nose putteth away from the eyes the euyl colour whiche remayneth after the Iaundise swageth headache and clenseth the brayne The same put into the place of conception sodden with honied wine helpeth women to their naturall sicknesse and deliuereth the dead childe Elaterium layd to outwardely with olde Oyle or honie or with the gall of an Oxe or Bull healeth the Squinancie and the swellinges in the throte The iuyce of the barke and roote of wilde Cucumber doth also purge fleme and cholerique and waterish humours is good for such as haue the Dropsie but not of so strong operation as Elaterium The roote of wilde Cucumber made soft or soked in vineger and layde to swageth the payne and taketh away the swelling of the gowte The vineger wherein it hath ben boyled holden in the mouth swageth the tooth ache The same layde to with parched barlie meale dissolueth cold tumours and layde to with Turpentine it breaketh and openeth impostemes The same made into powder and layd to with honie clenseth scoureth and taketh away foule scuruines spreading tetters manginesse pushes or wheales red spottes and all other blemishes and scarres of mans body The iuyce of the leaues dropped into the eares taketh away the payne of the same ⧠The Danger Elaterium taken into the body hurteth the inward partes and openeth the smal vaynes prouoketh gripinges and torments in the belly in doing his operation †The Remedie To cause that it shal do no hurt it must be geuen with Mede or with swete mylke a litle salt and Annys seede or geue it in powder with gumme Tragagante a litle Annys seede and salt Of Coloquintiba Chap. xli †The Description COloquintida creepeth with his branches alongst by the ground with rough hearie leaues of a grayish colour muche clouen or cut almost like the leaues of the Citron Cucumber The flowers are bleake or pale The fruit round of a greene colour at the beginning and after yellowe the barke thereof is neither thicke nor hard the inner part or pulpe is open spōgie full of gray seede in taste very bitter the which men dry kepe to vse in medicine There is yet founde another kind of Coloquintiba nothing lyke the first for this hath long rough stalkes mounting somewhat high and taking holde with his claspers euerywhere like Goordes The leaues be like the leaues of wilde Cucumber The fruite in all thinges is like the Goorde but farre smaller onely of the quantitie of a peare These wilde Goordes haue a very hard vpper barke or pille of a wooddy substance greene the inside is full of iuyce and of a very bitter taste Colocynthis †The Place The first kind groweth in Italie and Spayne from which places the dried fruite is brought vnto vs. The seconde kinde we haue sometime seene in the gardens of certayne Herboristes †The Tyme Coloquintida bringeth foorth his fruite in September Coloquintida is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Colocynthis of Paulus Aegineta Sicyonia in shoppes Coloquintida in Douche Coloquint opffelin and Coloquint appel The seconde kinde may be called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Cucurbita syluestris in French Courge sauuage in Douch Wilde Cauwoorden for this is a kinde of the right Goorde ⧠The Nature Coloquintida is hoate and drie in the thirde degree †The Vertues The white and inwarde pith or poulpe of Coloquintida taken about the weight of a scruple openeth the belly mightily and purgeth grosse flemes and cholerique humours and the slymie filthinesse and stinking corruption or scrapinges of the guttes yea sometimes it causeth blood to come foorth if it be taken in to great quantitie Like vertue it hath if it be boyled or layde to soke in honied water or any other liquor and after geuen to be dronken it profiteth muche against all colde dangerous sicknesses as the Ipoplerie falling sickenes giddinesse of the head payne to fetche breath the cholique loosenesse of the sinewes and places out of ioynt For the same purposes it may be put into Clisters and Suppositories that are put into the fundement The Oyle wherein Coloquintida hath ben boyled or whiche hath ben boyled in the Coloquintida dropped into the eares taketh away the noyse and singing of the same ⧠The Danger Coloquintida is exceeding hurtfull to the hart the stomacke and liuer and troubleth and hurteth the bowelles and other partes of the entrayles †The Remedie Ye
abouesaid as the white Brionie but not so strong yet it preuayleth muche against the falling euill and the giddinesse or turninges of the head to prouoke vrine the natural sicknesse of women to waste and open the Splene or Melt that is swollen or stopped The tender springes of this kinde of Brionie are also very good to be eaten in Salade for to purge waterie superfluities and for to open the belly neither more nor lesse then the white Brionie †The Danger The roote of Brionie by his violence doth trouble ouerturne the stomacke and other of the inner partes Moreouer the same with his leaues fruite stalkes and rootes is altogither contrarie and euill to women with childe whether it be prepared or not or whether it be mingled with other medicines insomuche that one cannot geue of the sayde roote or any other medicine compounded of the same without great daunger and perill †The Correction The malice or noughtie qualitie thereof is taken away by putting thereto Masticke Ginger Cinamome and to take it with hony or with the decoction of Raysons Of the wilde Vine / Brionie / or Our Zadies Seale Chap. xlvij †The Description OVR Ladies Seale hath long branches flexible of a wooddishe substance couered with a gaping or clouen barke growing very high and winding about trees and hedges lyke the branches of the Vine The leaues are lyke the leaues of Morelle or garden Night shade but much greater not much varying from the leaues of the greater Wythie winde or Bindeweede the flowers be white smal and mossie after the fading of whiche flowers the fruite commeth clustering togither like little grapes or Raysons red when it is ripe hanging within three or foure kernelles or seedes The roote is very great and thicke and sometimes parted or diuided at the ende into three or foure partes of a brownishe colour without and white within and clammie like the roote of Comferie †The Place In this Countrie this herbe groweth in low and moyst woods that are shadowed and waterie ¶ The Tyme It flowreth in Maye and Iune and the fruite is ripe in September †The Names It is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Vitis syluestris that is to say the Wild Vine yet this is not that kind of wild Vine the which men cal Labrusca for that resembleth altogither the garden and manured Vine but this as is aforesayde is a plant or herbe of the kindes of Bryonie the which is also called in Greeke Ampelos that is to say a vine bycause that it groweth high winding it self about trees hedges like the vine And of this I haue thought good to geue warning lest any hereafter happen to fal into errour with Auicen Serapion other of the Arabian Phisitions thinking that Labrusca and Vitis syluestris shoulde be any other then one selfe plante Columel calleth this plante Tamus by folowing of whom Plinie called the fruite Vua Taminea this plant is called in some places Salicastrum It is called in Shoppes of some Apothecaries Sigillum beatae Marię that is to say the Seale or Signet of our Ladye in Italian Tamato it may be called in Frenche Couleuree sauuage in Douche Wilde Bryonie bycause it is a kinde of Bryonie as a difference from the right wilde Vine Vitis syluestris Some take this herbe for Cyclaminus altera but their opinion may be easily reproued and founde false bycause this herbe hath a very great roote and as Dioscorides writeth Cyclaminus altera hath an vnprofitable and vaine roote that is to say very small and of no substance †The Nature Wilde Bryonie is hoate and drie good to mundifie purge and dissolue †The Vertues The roote of this herbe boyled in water wine tempered with a litle Sea water and dronke purgeth downewarde waterie humours and is very good for suche as haue the Dropsie The fruite of this plant dissolueth all congeled blood and putteth away the markes of blacke and blewe stripes that remayne after beatinges or bruses freckles and other spottes of the skinne Like vertue hath the roote if it be scrapte or grated very small and afterwarde layde vpon with a cloth as aplayster as we our selues haue proued by experience The newe springes at their first comming vp are also good to be eaten in Sallade as the other two kindes of Bryonie are Of Clematis altera Chap. xlviij †The Kindes OF this kinde of plante or Withywinde the whiche for a difference from Pereuincle which is named Clematis in Latine and therfore men call this kind Clematis altera there be founde two kindes ouer and bysides that plant whiche is nowe called in Latine Vitalba and in Frenche Viorne the whiche some do also iudge to be a kinde of Clematis altera Clematisaltera Biting Pereuincle Clematis alterius altera species Bushe Pereuincle †The Description THE first kinde which is the right Clematis altera hath smal branches flexible and tender by the whiche it standeth and climbeth vp The leaues be long large growing three or foure togither very sharpe and byting the tongue The litle flowers be white The roote is litle and smal and ful of heary threddes or stringes The seconde kinde is much like to the aforesayde in branches leaues sauing that his leaues be greater his stalkes or branches stronger and in growing it is higher The flowers are large parted in foure leaues fashioned like a crosse of a blew or purple colour and nothing lyke the flowers of the other Vitalba or as the French men terme it Viorne which some take for Clematis altera hath long branches ful of ioyntes easie to ploy bigger longer thicker then the branches of the aforesayde not muche differing from the branches of the vine by the which it climbeth vpon and about trees and hedges vpon the sayde branches growe the leaues whiche for the most part are made and do consist of fiue leaues whereof eche leafe is of a reasonable breadth and not muche vnlike to the leaues of Iuye but smaller The flowers do growe as it were by tuftes and many togyther of a white colour and well smelling after whiche flowers past commeth the seede which is smal and somwhat browne bearing smal crooked and downie stemmes the roote is very full of small stringes or hearie threddes †The Place Clematis altera is a strange herbe and not found in this Countrie except in the gardens of some Herboristes The seconde is also a stranger in this Countrie but in Englande it groweth abundantly about the hedges in the borders of feeldes alongst by high wayes sides Vitalba is common in this Countrie and is to be founde in wooddes hedges and about the borders of feeldes †The Tyme The two first kindes do flower in this Countrie very late in August and September Vitalba Viorne or Wilde Vine But Vitalba flowreth in Iune †The Names The first is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in
herbes as Thyme Sauerie Tithymale is likewise very hoate That which groweth vpon other herbes is not so feruent hoate Neuerthelesse of it selfe it is somwhat hoate and drie †The Vertues Doder or Cuscuta boyled in water or wine and dronke openeth the stoppinges of the liuer the bladder the galle the melt the kidneyes the veynes and purgeth both by siege and vrine the Cholerique humours It is good agaynst olde Agues and agaynst the Iaunders especially that kinde whiche groweth vpon the Hoppes and vpon Brambles The other sortes haue propertie according to the herbes wherevppon they growe Of Hoppes Chap. lix †The Kyndes THere be two sortes of Hoppes the manured or toyled Hop and the wilde hedge Hoppe The husbanded Hoppe beareth his flowers or knoppes ful of scales or litle leaues growing one ouer another clustering or hanging downe togither like belles The wilde is not fruitefull but if by chance they happen to beare it is but little and small †The Description THE tame Hoppe hath rough branches beset with small sharpe prickels it groweth very high and windeth it selfe about poles and perches standing neare wheras they be planted The leaues be rough almost like the leaues of Briony but lesser and nothing so muche nor so deepely cut of a deeper or browne colour About the top of the stalkes amongst the leaues grow rounde and long knoppes or heades of a whitish colour whiche are nothing els but many small leaues betwixt white and yellow or pale growing togither Vnder the sayde small leaues or scales is hidden the seede which is flat The belles or knoppes be of a very strong smell when they be ripe The brewers of Ale and Bier do heape and gather them togither to giue a good relish and pleasant tast vnto their drinke The roote creepeth along in the earth is enterlaced or tangled putting foorth in sundrie places newe shutes and springes The hedge or wilde Hoppe is very much like the manured and tame Hoppe in leaues stalkes but it beareth no knoppes or flouers and if they beare any they be very small and to no purpose The roote of the same doth also trayle or creepe alongst in the grounde and at diuers places putteth foorth also newe shutes and tender springes the whiche are vsed to be eaten in Salades before they bring foorth leaues and are a good and holesome meate †The Place The tame Hoppe is planted in gardens and places fit for the same purpose is also found in the borders of feeldes and about hedges The wild Hoppe groweth in hedges and busshes in the borders of feeldes and herbe gardens †The Tyme The bell knoppes and heades of Hoppes come foorth in August and are rype in September †The Names Some of our tyme do cal the Hoppe in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Lupulus Salictarius or Lupus Salictarius in shoppes Lupulus in high Douche Hopffen in Neather Douchlande Hoppe and Hoppecruyt Lupus Salictarius ¶ The Nature The Hoppe but especially his flowers are hoate and drie in the second degree †The Vertues The Decoction of Hoppes dronken doth open the stoppinges of the liuer the splene or melte and kidneyes and purgeth the blood from all corrupt humours causing the same to come foorth with the vrine Also it is good for them that be troubled with scabbes and scurninesse and suche lyke infirmities whose blood is grosse and corrupted For the same purpose serueth the young springes and tender croppes at their first comming foorth of the grounde in Marche and Aprill to be eaten in Salade The iuyce of Hoppes openeth the belly and driueth foorth the yellowe cholerique humours and purgeth the blood from all filthynesse The same dropped into the eares clenseth them from their filth and taketh away the stinking of the same Of Ferne or Brake Chap. lx †The Kyndes THere be two kindes of Fernes as Dioscorides writeth the male and female the whiche in leaues are very well lyke one another †The Description THE male Ferne hath great long leaues sometimes of two foote in length spread abrode vpon eche side like winges cut in euen to the middle ribbe or sinew and snipt or toothed round about like a sawe vnder whiche leaues ye may see many little spottes or markes the whiche in continuance of time become blacke and after they fall of the roote is thicke and blacke without putting foorth many leaues and small dodkins or springes whiche are the beginning of leaues This kinde of Ferne beareth neither flowers nor seede except we shal take for seede the blacke spottes growing on the backside of the leaues the whiche some do gather thinking to worke wōders but to say the trueth it is nothing els but trumperie and superstition Filix mas Osmunde Royall Filix foemina Brake or common Ferne. The female Ferne also hath neyther flowers nor seede but it hath long greene bare stemmes vpon the whiche growe many leaues on euery syde cut in and toothed rounde about very like to the leaues of male Ferne but somewhat lesse The roote of this Ferne is long and smal blacke without and creeping along in the grounde ¶ The Place Male Ferne groweth almost in al rough and vneuen places in moyst sandy groundes and alongst the borders of feeldes standing lowe or in vallies The female kinde is founde in woods and mountaynes †The Tyme The leaues spring foorth in Aprill and wither or fade in September †The Names The firste kinde of Ferne is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Filix mas that is to say The Male Ferne in Frenche Feuchiere masle in high Douch Waldtfarn mennle in neather Douchland Varen manneken of Mattheolus and Ruellius it is called Osmunde Royall The seconde kinde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and of some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Filix foemina in Frenche Feuchiere femelle in Englishe Female Ferne in high Almaigne Waldtfarn Weiblin and of some Grosz Farnkraut in base Almaigne Varen wijfken in English Brake Common Ferne and female Ferne. Both kindes of Ferne are of like temperament or qualitie that is hoate and drie in the seconde degree †The Vertues The roote of male Ferne taken with Mede or honied water to the weight of halfe an ounce driueth foorth and killeth brode wormes The same sodden in wine is very good agaynst the hardnesse and stopping of the Melt or Splene The roote of the female Ferne taken in lyke manner as you take the male bringeth foorth the brode and rounde wormes The leaues of both kindes of Ferne put into the bedstrowe driueth away the stinking punayses and al other suche wormes ⧠The Danger The vse of Ferne is very dangerous for women especially those that are with childe Of Osmunde or Water Ferne. Chap. lxi †The Description THis kinde of Ferne is almost lyke the female Ferne sauing that the leaues be not dented or toothed it hath a triangled straight and small stemme
of the Sonne as are the walles of Temples or Churches †The Tyme They remayne all the yeere and renewe their leaues in Aprill †The Names The first kinde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Adiantum Polytrichum Callitrichū Cincinnalis Terrae capillus Supercilium terrae Apuleius calleth it Capillus Veneris Capillaris Crinita in the Shoppes of Fraunce and Italie Capillus Veneris it is for the more part vnknowen in the Shoppes of this Countrie in French Cheueux de Venus in high Almaigne frauwenhar in base Almaigne Vrouwen hayr The seconde kinde is called in the Shoppes of this Countrie Capillus Veneris and of some it is taken for Adiantum in the Shoppes of Fraunce Saluia vita of the learned at this time Ruta Muraria that is to say Rue of the wall in high Douche Maurrauten and Steinrauten in base Almaigne Steencruyt †The Nature Both these herbes be drie and temperate in heate and colde †The Vertues The decoction of Capillus Veneris made in wine and dronke helpeth them that are short breathed and cannot fetch winde also it helpeth such as are troubled with an harde or vnesie cough for it ripeth tough fleme and auoydeth it by spetting It prouoketh vrine breaketh the stone moueth the flowers deliuereth the secondine and vnstoppeth the liuer and the melt and is very good agaynst the diseases of the Melt and the Iaunders Capillus Veneris stoppeth the flixe of the belly stayeth the spitting of blood and is profitable against the fluxions and moystnesse of the stomacke against the bitinges and stinginges of venemous beastes Capillus Veneris as yet greene pounde and layde to the bitinges of venemous beastes and mad Dogges preuayleth very muche and layde vppon the head causeth heare to come agayne in places that are pilde or balde It dispatcheth also the swellinges of the throte called Strumes especially in young children when it is pound greene and layde therevpon The lye wherein the same hath ben stieped and boyled is very good to washe the scurffe of the heade for it healeth the same causing the rome and scales to fall of A cay or garlende of Maydenheare worne vpon the head healeth the ache and payne of the same as Plinie affirmeth The leaues of Adiantum mixed togither with a little Saltpeter and the vrine of a young child taketh away the shreucled wrinckles that appeare vpon the bellies of women lately deliuered of child if the belly be washed therwithall after their Beliuerance Men vse in this Countrie to put Rue of the wall in steede of Capillus Veneris in all their medicines and haue founde it to profite muche in the colde passions or diseases of the breast Of English or common Maydenheare Chap. lxix †The Description TRichomanes is a litle herbe of the length of a span without flowers and seede and hath the stalkes of his leaues very small and leane browne shining and smoth beset on both sides with many little pretie round leaues euery leafe of the bignesse of a Lentill straked and dashed on that side whiche is next the grounde with many small markes and strakes lyke Rue of the wall The roote is small and blackishe †The Place It loueth moyst and shadowie places and groweth about waters especially vpō moyst rockes and olde walles and great store thereof is found in this Countrie †The Tyme It abydeth alwayes greene like Venus heare and Rue of the wall Trichomanes †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Fidicula capillaris and also Trichomanes in the Shoppes Polytrichon in high Douche Widertodt Abthon and of some Roter Steinbrecke in neather Douchland Wederdoot in Englishe Maydenheare and Common Maydenheare †The Nature This herbe is drie and temperate betwixt hoate and colde and of the same nature that Venus heare is †The Vertues Trichomanes after the minde of Dioscorides and Galen hath the same faculties in operation that Capillus Veneris hath Of Stone Liuerwort Chap. lxx †The Description STone Liuerwort spreadeth it selfe abroade vpon the ground hauing wrinckled or crimpled leaues layde one vpon another as the scales of fishe and are greene on the vpper part and browne on that side which is next the ground amongst the leaues there grow vp smal stemmes or twigges in the toppes wherof are certayne knappes or thinges like starres The rootes are like smal threddes growing vnder the leaues wherby it cleaueth and sticketh fast vpon the ground and vpon moyst or sweating rockes †The Place This herbe if a man may so cal it groweth in moyst groundes and stonie places and shadowie where as the Sonne shineth seldome ⧠The Tyme It bringeth foorth his starres in Iune and Iuly ¶ The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Lichen in Shoppes Hepatica in French Hepatique in high Almaigne Brunnenlebercraut or Steinlebercraut in base Almaigne Steenleuercruyt and Leuercruyt in Englishe Liuerwurt and Stone Liuerwort †The Nature Liuerwort is colde and drie of complexion Lichen †The Vertues The decoction of Liuerworte swageth the inflammation of the liuer openeth the stoppinges of the same and is very good agaynst Feuer tertians and all inflammations of blood This herbe as Dioscorides and Plinie writeth brused when it is yet greene and layd vpon woundes stoppeth the superfluous bleeding of the same and preserueth them both from inflammation and Apostemation The same doth also heale all foule scurffes and spreading scabbes as the Pockes and wilde fire and taketh away the markes and scarres made with hoate irons if it be pounde with hony and layde therevpon The same boyled in wine and holden in the mouth stoppeth the Catarrhes that is a distilling or falling downe of Reume or water and flegme from the the brayne to the throte Of Mosse Chap. lxxi †The Kyndes THere be many sortes of Mosse whereof some growe in the feeldes some vpon trees trees and some in shadowie and moyst woods and some in the rockes of the sea †The Description THE first kinde of Mosse which groweth vpon trees and is most properly called Mosse is nothing els but a forte of small white leaues all iagged hackte or finely kerued twisted and enterlaced one in another without roote without flower or seede hanging and growing vpon trees 1. Muscus Mosse 2. Pulmonaria Lungwurt The seconde kinde groweth also about trees the whiche is called Lungwurt and it doth somwhat resemble Liuerwurt but that it is greater and larger with great scales layd one vpō another metely greene vpon one side and whitishe vpon the other side 3. Glodylockes Polytrichon or Golden Maydenheare 4. Ros Solis Sonne Dewe The third kind which some call Golden Polytrichon hath very small slender stalkes nothing so lōg as a mans hand couered with short heares of a browne greene colour changing vppon yellow the which doth sometymes put foorth other little bare stēmes with small graynes or seedes at the top Of this
or Codded Poppie Chap. lxxxiij And Hypocoum forte Papauer Corniculatum Horned Poppie yellow Poppie Papaueris corniculati alia species Horned Poppie an other kind †The Description THE Horned Poppie his leaues be very muche cut and clouen not much vnlyke the leaues of the other Poppie but more rough and heary lyke the leaues of Cornerose The stalkes be round somwhat rough also wherevpon growe yellow flowers made of foure leaues the whiche falling away they bring foorth long narrow huskes or coddes something crooked wherein the seede is conteyned The roote is great and thicke and abideth winter bringing foorth euery yere newe leaues and stemmes There is yet two other sortes of this Poppie as some men of good knowledge do testifie the whiche are very common in Spayne The one hath his leaues stalkes coddes altogither like to the aforesayd sauing that his flowers be not yellowe but shining red but for the rest the flower is agreable with the proportion of the yellow The seconde is lyke to the others sauing that it is muche lesse in leaues stalkes flowers and coddes And the flowers be neyther yellow nor red but of a faire blewe violet colour parted lykewise into foure leaues There is founde in some places of Fraunce a kinde of herbe very fayre the whiche may be very wel brought vnder this Chapter bycause it is lyke to the herbes described in the same First it hath large leaues finely iagged white lyke the leaues of Rue the whiche do partly lye vpon the grounde and partly are lifted vp from the earth amongst the which cōmeth vp a stalke or twayne set by certayne spaces with the lyke leaues but smaller and diuided towardes the toppe into other smal branches whiche bring foorth a yellowe flower with two leaues onely in the midle whereof ye may see a thing like to a little clipper the which is nothing els but the huske or codde and afterwarde it waxeth long hath within a reddish sede The roote is white and tender hauing a number of threddes Corniculati Papaueris peregrina species A strange codded Poppie †The Place Horned Poppie groweth of his owne kinde by the sea side in rough places as Dioscorides sayth in this Countrie the Herboristes do set and sowe it in their gardens The other two kindes are founde in Spayne by the Sea coaste amongst Corne and by the high wayes The thirde groweth about Monpellier amongst the wheate and Otes The fourth is founde in some places of Languedoc as neare about Vouer where as there is great store in the feeldes that are by the high wayes †The Tyme Horned Poppie flowreth in Iuly and August Hypecoum flowreth in April and the seede is rype in Iune †The Names This kinde of Poppie is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Papauer cornutum and of some Apothecaries that are ignorant Memitha wherevnto it is nothing lyke in Frenche Pauot cornu in high Douche Gehornter Magsamen and Geel Olmagen in base Almagne Geelen Huel in English Horned Poppie Some of the learned sort do thinke that this herbe is a kinde of Papauer Corniculatum that is to say Horned Poppie described by Dioscorides in his fourth booke Some woulde haue it Papauer spumeum described of the same Dioscorides in the same place But if it may be lawfull for me to giue a iudgement aswel as the rest it shal be neither of those herbes but rather that Hypecoum of Dioscorides named in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 for all the signes and tokens do agree very well with the same †The Nature Horned Poppie is hoate and drie in the thirde degree If the fourth kinde be Hypecoum it shoulde be colde and drie in the thirde degree not muche differing from Poppie as Galen sayth †The Vertues The roote of Horned Poppie boyled in water vntil halfe be consumed pronoketh vrine vnstoppeth the liuer and it is giuen to drinke with great profite to such as make grosse and thicke vrine and to such as are diseased in the liuer and that haue any greefe in their raynes their lining or hanche The seede of this Poppie taken in quantitie of a spooneful looseth the belly very gently and purgeth fleme The leaues and flowers brused or pound and afterward layd to old sores and rotten vlcers clenseth them wel Of Maudrake / or Mandrage Chap. lxxxiiij †The Kyndes MAndrake as Dioscorides writeth is of two sortes that is to say The white and the blacke The white is called the male Mandrake the whiche is very well knowen The blacke is called the female Mandrage the whiche is not yet muche knowen †The Description THe white Mandrake hath great large leaues of a whitish greene colour thicke and playne spread vpon the ground not much differing from the leaues of Beetes amongst the whiche there commeth vp vpon short small and smooth stemmes fayre yellowe round apples and of a strong sauour but yet not vnpleasant The roote is great and white not muche vnlyke a Radishe roote diuided into two or three partes and sometimes growing one vpon another almost lyke the thighes and legges of a man The blacke or female Mandrake hath likewise no vpright stemme his leaues be in lyke manner spread abroade vppon the grounde narrower and smaller then the leaues of lettise of an vnpleasant smel or sauour The apples be pale in figure lyke the Sorbappel or Corme by halfe lesse then the apples of the Malemandrage The roote is blacke without and white within clouen beneth into two or three diuisions or cliftes folding one vpon another It is smaller then the roote of the male Mandragora mas The male Mandrake Mandragora foemina The female Mandrake ¶ The Place Mandrage growth willingly in darke and shadowie places It groweth not of him selfe in this Countrie but ye shall finde it in the gardens of some Herboristes the whiche do set it in the soune †The Tyme The Apples of Mandrage in this Countrie be ripe in August †The Names Mandrage is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Mandragoras of some Circaea and Antimalum and of Pythagoras also Anthropomorphos bycause that the rootes of this herbe are lyke to the lower partes of man The first kinde is called Mandragoras mas of some as Dioscorides saith Morion in Frenche Mandragore masle in high Douch Alraun mennlin in Neather Douchlande Mandragora manneken or Alruyn manneken in Englishe White Mandrake and Male Mandrage The other is called Mandragoras foemina of some Thridacias in Frenche Mandragore femelle in Almaigne Alraun weibling and Mandragora wijfken in Englishe Blacke Mandrake and Female Mandrage †The Nature The roote of Mandrake and especially the barke is colde and drie euen harde to the fourth degree the fruite is not so colde and it hath some moysture adioyning †The Vertues The iuyce drawen foorth of the rootes of fresh Mandrake dried and taken in a very small quantitie purgeth the belly vehemently from
wheate chewed in the mouth is good to be layd to agaynst the biting of mad Dogges The whole wheate is very profitable against the paynes of the gowt wheÌ„ a man plongeth him selfe therein euen vp to the knees as ye shall reade in Plinie of Sextus Pompeius who being so vsed was cured of the gowte Wheaten meale mingled with the iuyce of Henbane layde to the sinewes is good against the rheumes and subtill humours falling downe vppon the same The same layde vpon with vineger and hony called Oximel doth clense and take away all spottes and lentilles from of the face The meale of Marche or Sommer wheate layd to with Vineger is very good against the bitinges of venemous beastes The same boyled lyke to a paste or pappe and licked is very good agaynst the spetting of blood and boyled with Butter Mintes it is of great power against the cough and roughnesse of the throte The flower of wheaten meale boyled with hony and water or with Oyle and water dissolueth all tumours or swellinges The Branne boyled in vineger is good against the scuruie itche and spreading scabbe and dissolueth the beginninges of hoate swellinges The sayde Branne boyled in the decoction of Rue doth slake swage the harde swellinges of womans breastes The leauen made of wheaten meale draweth foorth shiuers splinters and thornes especially from the soles of the feete And it doth open ripe and breake al swellinges and impostumes if it be layde to with Salt Wheaten bread boyled in honied water doth swage and appease all hoate swellinges especially in putting thereto other good herbes and iuyces Wheaten bread newe baked tempered or soked in brine or pickle doth cure and remoue all olde and white scuruinesse and the foule creeping or spreading scabbe The Amylum or Starche that is made of wheate is good against the falling downe of rheumes and humours into the eyes if it be layd therevnto and it cureth and filleth agayne with flesh woundes and holow vlcers Amylum dronken stoppeth the spetting of blood and mingled with milke it swageth the roughnesse or sorenesse of the throte and brest and causeth to spet out easyly Of the Corne called Spelt or Seia Chap. ij †The Kindes SPelt is of two sortes The one hath commonly two cornes or seedes ioyned togither whereof eche grayne is in his owne skinne or chaffie couering The other is single and hath but one grayne †The Description SPelt hath straw ioyntes and eares much lyke to wheate sauing that the corne therof is not bare as the wheate corne is but is inclosed in a litle skinne or chaffie huske from whiche it can not be easily purged or clensed except in the myll or some other deuise made for the same purpose and whan it is so pylde and made cleane from the chaffe it is very wellyke to a wheat corne both in proportion and Nature in so muche that at the ende of three yeres the Spelt being so purged changeth it selfe into faire wheate whan it is sowen as Plinie Theophraste and diuers other of the Auncientes haue written ¶ The Place Spelt requireth a fat and fruitfull grounde well laboured and groweth in high open feeldes In times past it was founde onely in Grece but at this day it groweth in many places of Italie Fraunce and Flaunders †The Tyme It is sowen in September and October lyke vnto wheate and is ripe in Iuly ⧠The Names This grayne is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Zea of the Auncient Romaynes Semen and Far and at this day Spelta in Frenche Espeautre in high Douche Speltz and Dinckelkorne in base Almaigne Spelte and amongst the kindes of Far it shoulde seeme to be Venniculum album Zea. Far. Spelt †The Nature Spelt is of Nature like vnto wheate but somwhat colder drawing neare to the complexion of barley and somewhat drying †The Vertues The meale of Spelt with red wine is very profitable against the stinginges of Scorpions and for suche as spet blood The same with sweete Butter vnsalted or with newe Goates suet doth souple and mitigate the roughnesse of the throte and appeaseth the cough The same boyled with wine and Saltpeter cureth corrupt and running sores and the white scurffe of all the body the payne of the stomacke the feete and womens brestes To conclude Spelt in qualitie is very like wheate and is a good nourishment both for man and beast as Theophrastus writeth The bread thereof is not muche inferior to that is made of wheate but it nourisheth lesse Turner lib. 2. fol. 131. Of Amilcorne Chap. iij. †The Description THIS grayne is also lyke vnto wheate in the strawe ioyntes and growing but that the eares be not bare or not like wheate but rough with many sharpe pointed eares or beardes like the eares of Barley the cornes grow by ranges like to the cornes or graynes of Barley The seede is also inclosed in little huskes or coueringes like to spelt and being clensed and purged from his chaffie huske it is much lyke to wheate †The Place This Corne groweth in many places of Almaigne †The Tyme Men do also sow it before winter and it is cut downe in Iuly †The Names This Corne is called in high Douch Ammelkorne That is to say in base Almaigne Amelcorne and in Latine Amyleum frumeÌ„tum and is a kinde of Zea and Far and it shoulde seeme to be Halicastrum It may be englished Amelcorne or bearded Wheate The Nature and Vertue As this grayne is a kinde of spelt euen so it is very muche lyke vnto it in complexion and working beyng in the middle betwixt Wheate and Barley agreeable to all purposes wherevnto Spelt is good Amyleum frumentum The bread that is made of it is also somewhat lyke the bread of wheate Of Typhewheate / called in Latine Triticum Romanorum Chap. iiij †The Description ROmayne Wheate is like common Wheate in his blades and knottie strawes but the eares are more rounde and playne and better compact very muche bearded the grayne is like the Wheate There is another kinde lyke vnto this whose strawe and eares are smaller the eares be also pointed and bearded The seede is lyke vnto wheate sauing that it is smaller and blacker then our common Wheate is †The Place This Corne groweth not in all places nor is not very common but it is founde in some partes of Almaigne as in Aussois about the mountaynes and forestes where as wilde Bores and Swine do commonly haunt And the husbandmen of the Countrie do sowe it for the same purpose bycause of the Swine whiche do ordinarily destroy the other Corne but they come very seldome to feede vppon this kinde of grayne bycause of the rough and prickely beardes which do hinder and let them as Hierome Bocke writeth The seconde kinde groweth in the Iles of Canarie and in certayne places of Spayne Triticum RomanoruÌ„ aut Triticum Barbatum Romaine Wheat Triticum Typhinum Typhwheate â€
2. Hordeum Dystichum Sommer Barley Common Barley 4. Oriza Rice †The Description BArley hath helme or strawe lyke wheaten strawe but it is shorter and more britle with sixe or moe ioyntes and knottes The eares be long and very rough couered set ful of long bearded sharpe ayles where as the grayne or cornes are placed in order or rewes sometimes in foure ranges or moe lines The seede is lyke to wheate and is closed vp fast in a chaffie couering or skinne like Spelt The small common Barley is very well like the other sauing that his spike or eare hath but two rewes or orders of Cornes Besides these two sortes of Barley there is yet another kinde the whiche hath the Barley in strawe and eare but the grayne is not so closed vp in the huske as the other Barley but is naked bare and cleane and commeth foorth easily from his eare like wheate and Rye Yet there is another kinde whiche some do call Douche Rysz the same in his straw ioyntes and in his long bearded eares doth much resemble Barley It hath also his graynes or cornes inclosed in chaffie huskes lyke to Barley but it is whiter then Barley †The Place Barley is common in all Countries and it loueth good grounde and fertile soyle The naked or hulled Barley groweth in some places of Fraunce as about Paris That which is called Douch Rysz is sowen in some places of Almaigne as in Westerich †The Tyme Men do sowe the great Barley in September and they mowe or cut it in Iuly and sometime in Iune The lesser or common Barley is sowen in the spring time and is ripe in August †The Names Barley is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Hordeum in Frenche Orge in Douche Gerst The great Barley is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Hordeum Cantherinum in high Douche Grosz Gerst in base Almaigne Groote Gerste I take this for Beare Barley The lesser Barley is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and Galatinum Hordeum in high Douch Fuder Gerst in base Almaigne Voeder Gerste The third kinde as witnesseth Ruelius is called Hordeum mundum and may be wel called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Gymnocrithon that is to say in Latine Hordeum nudum as Galen setteth foorth in his booke Dealiment faculta Hierome Bock nameth the fourth kinde Teutsch Rysz that is to say in Latine Oriza Germanica It should seeme to the eye to be a kinde of Far especially that Far Clusinum which resembleth muche Santalum Plinij It shoulde seeme also to be 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Olyra of Dioscorides whiche is called in Latine not Siligo but Arinca in Englishe Rise †The Nature Barley is colde and drie in the first degree †The Vertues Barley meale boyled with figges in honied water dissolueth hoate and cold tumours and it doth soften and rype all hard swellinges with Pitche Rosen and Pigeons dongue The same mingled with Tarre Oyle Waxe the Vrine of a young childe doth digest soften and ripe the harde swellinges of the Necke called in Latine Strumae The same with Melilote and the heades of Poppie swageth the ache of the side and with Lineseede Fenugreck and Rue it is good to be layd vpon the belly against the paynes and windinesse of the guttes Barley giuen with Mirtels or wine or wilde tarte peares or with Brambles or with the barke of Pomgarnet stoppeth the running of the belly They make a playster with Barley meale against the scurffe and leprie The same mingled with vineger or Quinces swageth the hoate inflammations of the gowt and if it be boyled with vineger and Pitche and layd about the ioyntes it stayeth the humours from falling into them It is also vsed in meates and bread is made of it the which doth not nourish so wel as the bread made of wheate or spelt Of Mill / or Millet Chap. ix Milium Lachryma Iob. †The Description MIllet hath a hearie stalke with seuen or eight knottes or ioyntes The leaues be long and like the leaues or blades of Polereede at the highest of the stemmes come foorth the bushie eares very muche seuered and parted like the plume or feather of the Cane or Polereede almost lyke a brushe or besome to sweepe withall in whiche groweth the seede very rounde and playne almost like to lineseede but that it is not so blacke For one kinde of Milium is likewise taken of some that which is named Lachrima Iob and it hath many knottie stalkes about a foote and a halfe high and thereon broade reede leaues betweene the whiche commeth foorth round fruite vpon thinne stalkes about the bignesse of a pease thereof come foorth small eares The rootes haue strong threddie stringes †The Place Mill loueth a moyst and claye ground it groweth abundantly in Italy and Spayne Lachryma Iob is in this Countrie strange and is found only in the gardens of some diligent Herboristes †The Tyme They sowe it in the spring time and it is ripe in somer it may be kept along time euen a hundred yeres so it be kept from the winde †The Names This plant is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine of the Apothecaries Miliū in English Mill Millet and Hirse in Frenche Mil or Millet in high Douche Hirsen in neather Douchlande Hirs or Milie What other name Lachryma Iob hath is vnknowen vnto vs. †The Nature Millet is colde in the first degree and drie almost in the third degree and of subtill partes †The Vertues Millet parched in a frying panne and well heated and made warme and put vp into a bagge and so layde to the belly doth helpe the gripinges gnawing paynes of the same and swageth all paynes and aches especially of the sinewes and is good to dry vp that which requireth to be dried being most conuenient to drie and comfort the brayne For want of other corne men may make bread of Millet the which bindeth the belly and prouoketh vrine but it nourisheth litle and is very leane or slender Of Turkie Corne / or Indian Wheate Chap. x. †The Kindes TUrkish wheate is of one and of many sortes A man shall not finde in this Countrie in fashion and growing more then one kind but in collour the seede or grayne doth muche differ for one beareth a browne grayne or Corne the other a red the thirde a yellowe and the fourth a white Corne or grayne The which colour doth likewise remayne both in the eares flowers †The Description THis Corne is a marueilous strange plante nothing resembling any other kinde of grayne for it bringeth foorth his seede cleane contrarie from the place where as the flowers growe which is agaynst the nature and kindes of all other plantes whiche bring foorth their fruite there where as they haue borne their flower This corne beareth a high helme or stemine very long rounde thicke firme and belowe towardes the roote
decoction of Lupines doth beautifie the colour of the face and driueth away all frekles and spottes like lentils The meale thereof is of the like vertue mingled with water and layde therto The flower or meale of Lupines with the meale of parched barley water swageth all impostumations and swellinges The same with vineger or boyled in vineger swageth the payne of the Sciatica it digesteth consumeth and dissolueth the kinges euill or swelling in the throte it openeth and bursteth wennes botches boyles and pestilential or plague sores Lupins may be eaten when as by long soking in water they are become sweete and haue lost their bitternesse for when they be so prepared they take away the lothsomnesse of the stomacke and the desyre to vomit and do cause good appetite Yet for all that this kinde of foode or nourishment engendreth grosse blood and grosse humours For Lupins are harde to digest and vneasie to descende as Galen saith The wilde Lupins haue the lyke vertue but more strong Of the bitter Veche called in Greeke Orobos and in Latine Eruum Chap. xxiiij †The Description ERuum or the bitter Fetche is nowe vnknowen and therefore we can geue none other description but so much as is written in Dioscorides and Galen They say that Orobos or Eruilia is a small plant bearing his fruit in coddes round of a white or yellowish colour of a strange and vnpleasant taste so that they serue not to be eaten but of cattel neither wil cattell feede vpon them before that with long soking or stieping in water their vnpleasant taste be gone and lost wherefore it is very easie to iudge that the flat Pease called in Greeke Lathyri and described in the xxj Chapter of this booke are not Ers or Eruilia as some haue thought for those flat Peason are in taste lyke the common Peason as we haue before declared ⧠The Names This pulse is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Eruum and the Frenchmen folowing the Latine name do cal it Ers in Douche Eruen in Englishe Bitter Vetche or Ers. †The Nature Ers are hoate in the first degree and drie in the seconde †The Vertues The meale of Eruum often licked in with hony in maner of a Lohoch clenseth the breast and cutteth and ripeth grosse and tough humours falling vpon the lunges It loseth the belly prouoketh vrine maketh a man to haue a good colour if it be taken in reasonable quantitie for to muche thereof is hurtfull With honie it scoureth away lentiles or freckles from the face and all other spottes and scarres from the bodie It stayeth spreading vlcers it doth soften the hardnesse of womens breastes it breaketh Carboncles and impostumes Being kneded or tempered with wine it is layde very profitably vnto the bitinges of dogges of men and wilde beastes The decoction of the same helpeth the itche and kibed heeles if they be washed therein Ers are neuer taken in meate but it fatteth oxen well ⧠The Danger Ers or Orobos being vsed often and in to great a quantitie causeth headache and heauie dulnesse it bringeth foorth blood both by the vrine and excrementes of the belly Of the Vetche Chap. xxv THe Vetche hath stalkes of a sufficient thicknesse and square about the heigh of three foote with leaues displayed spread abroad compassed about with many smal leaues set opposite one direetly against another at the ende of whiche leaues ye haue tendrelles or claspers wherby it taketh hold and is stayed vp The flowers are purple and fashioned like the Beaneflowers afterward there come vp long flat coddes wherein are Vetches which are flat and of a blackish colour †The Place They sowe Vetches in this Countrie in the feeldes for fourrage or prouender for Horses †The Tyme They be rype in Iuly and August †The Names This pulse is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and of some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Vicia of some Osmūdi in English a Vetche or Vetches in Frenche Vesse in high Douche Wicken in base Almaigne Vitsen And that this is not Eruum it appeareth euidently by that which is described in the former Chapter This shoulde seeme to be Theophrastus Aphace or Taare †The cause of the Name The Vetche as Varro sayth is called in Latine Vicia bycause it bindeth it selfe about other plantes and ouercometh them and is deriued from this Latine worde Vincire whiche signifieth to binde sure to ouercome and to restrayne from libertie Vicia †The Nature and Vertues The Vetche is not vsed in medicine neyther vsed to be eaten of men but to be giuen to Horses and other cattel and this Galen doth also witnesse Of Arachus or wilde Fitche Chap. xxvi †The Description ARachus is muche lyke to the common Vetche in stalkes leaues and coddes but in all these muche lesse The stalkes be tēder weake and slēder with cornered trayles or square crested edges The leaues are spread abroade like the other Vetche but clouen and parted aboue at the endes into two or three clasping tendrelles The flowers be smal of a light purple or incarnate colour and do growe vppon the stalke selfe as the flowers of beanes or common Vetches do without any foote stalkes The coddes be small long and narrowe wherein is couched sixe or seuen seedes of a blackishe colour harde and smaller than Vetches Arachus Of this forte there is found an other kinde the which is very wel like to the abouesaid in leaues and stalkes but it is smaller It hath smal white flowers growing clusterwise at the ende vpon long stems almost like the wild Vetche the whiche do turne into litle short huskes clustering togither smaller then the lentil huskes in the whiche is founde but onely two graynes harde rounde gray speckled blackish in making and taste like to the Vetche †The Place These two kindes of Vetches do grow in the feeldes amongst Rye Otes and other lyke graynes †The Tyme They are both ripe in Iune †The Names This plant is called of Galen Lib. 1. de alimentorum facultatibus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Arachus the whiche name is written by chin the last syllabe as a difference from the other 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Aracus written with ac wherof we haue alredy treated They call it in French Vesseron in Brabant Crock in Englishe Wilde Vetche †The Nature and Vertues Arachus or the wild Vetche is not fit for man but serueth only for prouender or fourrage for Bieues and horses vnto whom the whole herbe is giuen Of smal wild Fetchelinges Chap. xxvij Galega altera Vetcheling or smal wild Fitches Onobrichis fortè Medica Ruellij Saint Foin Medick Vetcheling THE wild Vetche is much like Arachus described in the former Chapt. in stalkes leaues and clasping tendrelles but that his flowers grow not in the like order but do grow in tuffed clusters about long stemmes almost like to spiked eares of colour purple in blew the which past
or Plantayne and whole Gawles or the berries of Sumach The pill or shel of Lentiles hath the like propertie and in operation is of more force then the whole Lentil The meate that they vse to make of the husked or vnshelled lentil drieth the stomacke but it stoppeth not and is of harde digestion and engendreth grosse and noughtie blood They vse to swallow downe thirtie graines of Lentilles shelled or spoyled from their huskes against the weakenesse and ouercasting of the stomacke The lentil boyled with parched barley meale laid to swageth the paynes or ache of the gowte The meale of Lentiles mixed with hony doth mundifie and clense corrupt vlcers and rotten sores and filleth them againe with newe flesh The same boyled in vineger doth dissolue and driue away wennes and harde swelling strumes With Melilot a Quince oyle of Roses they helpe the inflammation of the eyes and fundement and with sea water it is good against the hoate inflammation called Erisipilas S. Antonies fier and suche lyke maladies The lentil boyled in salt or sea water serueth as a remedie against clotted clustered milke in womens breastes consumeth the abundant slowing of the same ⧠The Danger ensuing the vse of this pulse The Lentil is of hard digestion it engendreth windinesse and blastinges in the stomacke subuerteth the same they cause doting madnesse foolish toyes and terrible dreames it hurteth the lunges the sinewes and the braine And if one eate to muche thereof it dulleth the sight and bringeth the people that vse thereof in danger of Cankers and the Leprie Of Hatchet Fitche / Axsede or Axwurt Chap. xxxi Hedysaron Securidaca Axesiche or Axwurt Securidaca altera †The Description SEcuridaca hath small slender stemmes wherevpon grow small leaues spread abroade lyke to the leaues of Arachus or the wilde Vetche but smaller and rounder The flowers growe thicke togither after the sayde flowers there come long coddes round and small growing one agaynst another bowing inward crooking or crompling lyke vnto hornes within whiche crooked coddes is conteyned a flat seede with flower corners like to a litle wedge The roote is smal and tender The other Securidaca set foorth by Matthiolus in leaues is very well lyke to the aforesayd neuerthelesse his coddes be longer and not so much crooked and for that consideration not very well approching to the description of Securidaca set foorth by Dioscorides Ferrum equinum Horse shoe There is found another herbe with many stalkes trayling vpon the ground hauing at euery ioynt a leafe or rather a branche of leaues very well like to the leaues of the Lentil or Securidata but yet somewhat lesser betwixt those leaues the trayling branches it beareth smal yellow flowers in fashion lyke to the flowers of the Vetche or Lentill the which afterward do change into flat huskes or coddes the whiche are vpon one side full of deepe Chinkes or Cliftes and the graine or seede waxing ripe the saide coddes do turne crooked vpon one side so that they beare the forme and fashion of a horse shoe The sede also is crooked and turned rounde like a Croisssant or newe Moone ¶ The Place Securidaca as Galen saith groweth in some places amongst Lentiles or according to Dioscorides amongest Barley and wheate vnknowen in this Countrie and is not knowen to growe but in the gardens of Herboristes The thirde kinde groweth in some places of Italie and of Languedoc alongst the wayes and like vntoyled places †The Tyme Securidaca flowreth in this Countrie in Iuly and August and afterwarde the seede is ripe The Horse shoe flowreth in Iune and Iuly and the seede is ripe in August ⧠The Names The Pulse called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Securidaca of some also Pelecinon in Douch and French it hath no name that I knowe Turner calleth it in Englishe Axsich or Axeworte bycause Dioscorides saith the seede is lyke a two edged Axe The thirde kinde is called in Italian Fer di Caualla that is to say in Latine Ferrum equinum and in English Horse shoe in Frenche Fer de Cheual in Brabant Peerts ysere It shoulde seeme that this is a kinde of Securidaca and therefore we haue placed it in this Chapter †The Nature The seede of Securidaca is hoate and drie of complexion The Horse shoe is in qualitie and vertue lyke to Securidaca as you may knowe by his bitternesse †The Vertues The seede of Securidaca openeth the stoppinges of the liuer the Splene and all the inwarde partes and is very good for the stomacke bycause of his bitternesse Of the like vertue are the newe leaues and tender croppes of the same Of Italian Fitche / or Goates Rue Chap. xxxij †The Description THis herbe is not muche vnlyke Arachus or the wild Vetche in stalkes and leaues it hath round hard stalkes and thervpon displayed leaues made of diuers small leaues lyke to the leaues of Vesseron or Arachus but muche greater and lōger The flowers be eyther cleare blewe or white and do grow clustering togither spikewise and like to the wild Vetche after come long small and round coddes wherein is the seede The roote is meetely great and doth not lightly die †The Place Galega in some Countries as in Italy groweth in the borders of feeldes it groweth also in the wood called Madrill by Paris Ye shall not lightly finde it in this Countrie but sowen in the gardens of Herbozistes †The Tyme Galega flowreth in Iuly and August and foorth with the seede is ripe Galega †The Names This herbe is called of the Herboristes of these dayes in Latine Galega Ruta Capraria and of some Foenograecum syluestre And some do also count it to be Glaux ▪ or Polygala but as I thinke it is nothing lyke any of them it is called in English ▪ Italian Fetche and Goates Rue ¶ The Nature Galega is of nature hoate and drie †The Vertues Galega as Baptista Sardus writeth is a singuler herbe against al venome and poyson and against wormes to kill and driue them foorth if the iuyce of it be giuen to little children to drinke It is of like vertue fried in Dyle of Line seede and bounde vpon the nauel of the childe They giue a sponefull of the iuyce of this herbe euery morning to drinke to young children against the falling sicknesse It is counted of great vertue to be boyled in vineger and dronken with a litle Treacle to heale the plague if it be taken within twelue houres Of the Pease Earthnut Chap. xxxiij †The Description THE Earthnut hath three or foure little stalkes or tender branches somewhat reddishe belowe next the grounde with clasping tendrelles whereby it taketh holde vpon hedges and al other thinges that it may come by The leaues be small and narrowe The flowers be of a fayre red colour and of an indifferent good smell After the fading of those flowers there come in their steede small coddes in which is conteined a
small seede The rootes be long and small wherevnto is hanging here and there certeyne nuttes or kernels like Turneps of an earthlike colour without and inwardly white sweete in taste almost lyke the Chesnut The other kinde of Earthnut called in some places the litle Earthnut shal be described in the fifth part of this history in the xxiij Chapter †The Place The Pease Earthnut groweth abundantly in Hollande and other places as in Brabant neare Barrow by the riuer Zoom amongst the Corne and vppon or vnder the hedges It groweth in Richmonde heath and Coome parke as Turner saith Chamaebalanus †The Tyme This herbe flowreth in Iune and afterwarde the seede is ripe In some places they drawe or plucke vp the rootes in May and do eate of them †The Names This herbe is called in high Douche Erdnusz Erckelen Erdfeigen Erdamandel Acker Eychel and Grund Eychel in Brabāt Eerdtnoten and of some Muysen met steerten of the writers in these dayes in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Chamaebalanos but this is not that Chamaebalanus whiche is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Glandes terrestres that is to say Earthnuttes Some of the learned do count it to be Astragalus described by Dioscorides and some hold it for Apios But that it is not Apios it is manifest ynough by the third Chapter of the thirde parte of this booke where as we haue playnely set foorth the right Apios ¶ The Nature The pease Earthnut is drie in the seconde degree †The Vertues The rootes of pease Earthnut are boyled in many places of Hollande and Brabant and eaten as the rootes of Turneps and Parsneps and they nourish aswel yet for all that they be harder of digestion then Turnep rootes and do stop the belly and running of the laske If these herbes be the right Astragalus his roote wil prouoke vrine and stop all fluxes of the belly being boyled in wine and dronke The same receiued in the same manner stoppeth also the inordinate course of womens flowers and all vnnaturall fluxe of blood The same roote of Astragalus dried and made into powder is very good to be strowen vpon olde sores and vpon freshe newe woundes to stop the blood of them Of Fenugrer Chap. xxxiiij †The Description FEnugreck hath tender stalkes rounde blackishe hollow and ful of branches the leaues are diuided into three partes lyke the leaues of Trifoil or the threeleaued grasse The flowers be pale whitish and smaller thē the flowers of Lupins After the fading of those flowers there come vp long coddes or huskes crooked and sharpe pointed wherein is a yellowe seede the roote is ful of small hanging heares †The Place The Herboristes of this Countrie do sowe it in their gardens †The Tyme It flowreth in Iuly and the seede is ripe in August †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine and in Shoppes Foenum Graecum of Columella Siliqua in Frenche Fenugrec or Fenegrec in high Douche Bockshorn or Kuhorne in base Alemaigne Fenigriek in English Fenegreck ⧠The Nature The seede of Fenugreck is hoate in the second degree and dry in the first and hath vertue to soften and dissolue †The Vertues The decoction or broth of the seede of Fenugreck dronken with a litle vineger expelleth al euil humours that sticke fast to the bowels Foenum Graecum The meale of Fenugreck boyled in Meade or Honied water doth consume soften and dissolue colde harde impostumes and swellinges The same tempered or kneded with Saltpeter and vineger doth soften waste the hardnesse and blasting of the Melt It is good for women that haue either impostume vlcer or stopping of the Matrix to bathe and sit in the decoction thereof The strayning or iuyce of Fenugreck mingled with Goose grease put vp vnder in the place conuenient after the maner of a mother Suppositorie doth mollifie and soften all hardnesse and paynes of the necke of the Matrix or the naturall place of conception It is good also to washe the head with the decoction of Fenugreck for it healeth the scurffe and taketh away both nittes and scales or brand of the head The same layd to with Sulphur that is brimstone hony driueth away pusshes or little pimples wheales and spottes of the face and healeth al manginesse and scuruie itche and amendeth the stinking smell of the armepittes Greene Fenugreck brused or pounde with a litle vineger is good agaynst weake and feeble partes that are without skinne vlcerated and rawe The seede of Fenugreck may be eaten being prepared as the Lupines and is then of vertue like and looseth the belly gently Men do also vse to eate of the young buddes and tender croppes in salades with oyle vineger as Galen saith but such meate is not very holesome for it ouerturneth the stomacke causeth headache to be vsed to much or to often Of Cameline Chap. xxxv †The Description MYagrū or Cameline hath straight rounde stalkes of the height of two foote or more diuiding it self into many branches or boughes The leaues be long and narrowe almost lyke to the leaues of Madder at the highest of the stalkes alōgest by thē grow smal flowers and afterward smal cuppes or sede vessels almost lyke the knoppes of Lineseede but flatter within the which is inclosed a small yellowish seede of the whiche an oyle is made by pounding and pressing foorth of the same †The Place This herbe groweth in many places amongst wheat and flaxe and the most part of mē do deeme it as an vnprofitable herbe yet for all that it is sowen in many places bycause of the oyle which the sede yeeldeth as in this Countrie Zeelande and the Countrie of Liege or Luke beyonde Brabant †The Tyme It is sowen in Marche and Aprill and ripe about August Myagrum ⧠The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of some also 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Myagrum Linum triticeum and Melampyrum in Frenche and base Almaigne Cameline ▪ and of some Camemine in high Douche Flaschdotter and Leindotter in English Myagrū or Cameline It should seeme that this herbe is Erysimon wherof Theophrast Galen Lib. 1. de alimentorum facultatibus haue written †The Nature Myagrum is of a hoate complexion †The Vertues The oyle of the seede of Cameline or Myagrum straked or annoynted vpon the body doth cleare and polish the skinne from all roughnesse It is vsed at this day to prepare and dresse meate withal as Rape oyle and it may be vsed to burne in lampes Of medow Trifoyl / or three leaued grasse Chap. xxxvi †The Kindes THere be diuers sortes of Trefoyles the which for the more parte of them shal be set foorth in diuers Chapters But that kinde wherof we shal now intreate is the common Trefoyl growing in medowes The whiche is of two sortes the one with redde flowers the other
with white but for the rest there is no great difference in these two herbes †The Description THree leaued grasse of the meddowe hath a rounde tender stalke and leaues somewhat rounde alwaies standing togither vpon a stemme the flowers do grow at the top of the branches or stemmes in tuftes or knoppes tuffed and set full of small flowers of a red purple colour lyke to a short tuffed eare the whiche flowers once vanished there commeth vp rounde seede inclosed in small huskes The roote is long and of a wooddy substance The Trefoyl with the white flowers is muche lyke to the aforesayde but that his stalkes are somwhat rough and hearie and the leaues be longer and narrower and in the middle of euery leafe is sometimes a white spotte or marke lyke to the new Moone The flower is white in all thinges els lyke to the other and groweth after the selfe same fashion †The Place These two kindes of Trefoyles doo growe in all places of this Countrie in medowes especially suche as stande somwhat high Trifolium pratense †The Tyme The three leaued grasse flowreth in May and Iune and sometimes all the Sommer ⧠The Names This kinde of Trefoyl is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Trifolium pratense in Frenche Treffle de pres or Triolet in high Douche Wisen klee and Fleyschblum in base Almaigne Claueren and Ghemeyn Claueren in English Medow Trefoyle or Common Trefoyle †The Nature The Trefoyl is colde and drie as one may easily know by the taste thereof †The Vertues Trefoyl with his flowers or by him selfe boyled in Meade or honied water or wine and dronken doth slake and swage the hoate burning and fretting of the bowels and inwarde partes Of the like vertue is the decoction therof made in water and powred into the body by glister The same decoction dronken in due time and season stoppeth the white flowers in women The flowers or leaues of Trefoyle sodde in Oyle and layd to in manner of a plaister doth ripe hoate inflammations and swellinges other like tumors and breaketh them yea sometimes they do scatter and dissolue them cleane Of sweete Trefoyl Chap. xxxvij †The Description SVeete Trefoyl hath a round holow stalke of two or three foote long or more full of bowes and branches The leaues do alwaies grow three and three togither euen as the common medow Trefoyl but somwhat longer iagged round about like a Sawe At the top of the branches grow flowers clustering togither in knoppes like the flowers of the medowe or common Trefoyl sauing that the tuftes or knappes are not so great as the knappes of the other after the fading of those flowers there come little huskes or sharpe poynted heades wherin the seede lyeth Al the herbe especially when it is in flower is of a very good smel or sauour the whiche as some say looseth his sent or smell seuen times a day recoucreth it againe as long as it is growing but being withered and dried it keepeth still his sauour the whiche is stronger in a moyst and cloudy darke season then when the wether is fayre and cleare †The Place In this Countrie men sowe the sweete Trefoyl in gardens where as it hath bene once sowen it groweth lightly euery yere of the seede which falléth In Maister Riches garden Lotus satiua or Vrbana †The Tyme This herbe flowreth in Iuly August during which time the sede is ripe †The Names This herbe is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Lotus vrbana Lotus saâ—…â—… Trifolium and now a dayes Trifolium odoratum in French Trefle odoriferant in high Douch Siben gezeyt and in base Almaigne Seuen getijde cruyt bycause that seuentymes a day it looseth his sweete sente and smell and recouereth it againe Turner calleth Lotus vrbana in English Garden or Sallet Clauer we may call it sweete Trefoyl or three leaued grasse †The Nature Sweete Trefoyl is temperate in heate and cold taking part of some litle drynesse †The Vertues The sweet Trefoyl doth swage ripe alcold swellings being laid therto The iuyce of the same taketh away the spot or white perle of the eyes called in Latine Argema The Oyle wherin the flowers of the sweet Trefoyl haue ben soked cureth all new woundes and burstinges as some affirme Of wilde Zotus Chap. xxxviij †The Kindes THere is commonly founde in this countrie two sortes of wilde Lotus or Trefoyl with yellow flowers one hauing Coddes and the other none Lotus syluestris Wild Trefoyl Yellow stone Clauer Lotus syluestris minor Petie Clauer or stone Trefoyl †The Description THe first kinde of wilde Lotus is a litle low herbe creeping alongst the grounde The leaues be somewhat lyke to the leaues of the common three leaued grasse or medow Trefoyl almost of an aishe colour The flowers be faire and yellow fashioned like to the flowers of peason but muche smaller the whiche decayed and fallen away there come vp three or foure round coddes standing togither one by another wherein is conteyned a round sede The roote is long reddish The seconde kinde hath rounde stalkes and very small The leaues be like to medow Trefoyl The flowers be yellow growing thicke togither in round knopped heades the which do chaunge into a rounde crooked blacke seede couered with a blacke huske or skinne The whiche seede groweth rounde about the knoppes orderly compassing the same ¶ The Place These two kindes of wilde Lotus or Trefoyl do grow in this Countrie in drie places alongst the feeldes and high wayes †The Tyme These Trefoyles are in flower from after the moneth of Iune al the rest of the Sommer and in the meane season they yeelde their seede †The Names These Trefoyles are nowe called Loti syluestres yet they be not the Lotus syluestris of Dioscorides the which groweth very high and hath seede lyke to Fenugreck The first kind is called in high Douch Wilden klee Steenklee Edelsteenklee Vogels wicken Vnser Frawen schuchlin in Frenche Trefle sauuage taulne in Brabant Steenclaueren and Geelsteenclaueren Wilde Claueren and of some Vogels Vitsen Some take it for a kinde of Melilotus and therefore it is called in Latine Melilotus syluestris or Melilotus Germanica in Englishe The wilde yellowe Lotus the Germaines Melilot or the wilde yellowe Trefoyl The second is called in Frenche Petit Trefle iaulne in high Douche Geelkâ—ee Kleiuer Steenkle and Geel wisen klee in base Almaigne Cleyn steenclaueren and Cleyn geel clauere This shoulde seeme to be a kind of Medica wherof we shall speake hereafter ⧠The Nature and Vertues These herbes are colde drie and astringent especially the first therfore they may be vsed aswell within the body as without in al greefes that require to be cooled and dried Of Melilot Chap. xxxir †The Kyndes THere is nowe founde two sortes of Melilot the one whiche is the right Melilot and the other whiche is
pounde with salt and wine and layde to doth consume and driue away the swelling in the necke called the Kinges euill It is also a speciall remedie against the bitinges of Serpentes if the partie that is so hurt doth drinke the seede of the same in wine and wash the wound with the decoction of the leaues of the same They that vse it much do take Auricula Leporis against the stone grauell Of Catanance Chap. xlix †The Description THis herbe is also like vnto grasse it hath narrow leaues smoth like to the blades of grasse but smaller the whiche afterward being dried do turne crooked or bend round towardes the ground The stalkes be tender smal and short vpon the which grow litle Crymsen flowers and afterwarde long smal rounde coddes in the whiche is conteyned a seede somewhat reddishe Of this sort there is yet another kinde the whiche hath no rounde coddes but large and somwhat broade in all thinges els lyke to the other ¶ The Place This herbe groweth in Copses that be seuerall and in pastures but that with the broade coddes is found most commonly by the sea coast †The Tyme Catanance bringeth forth his flowers and coddes in Iuly and August and sometimes sooner †The Names This grasse is muche lyke to that which the Greekes call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and the Latinistes Catanance and it should seeme to be the first kind of Catanance described by Dioscorides †The Nature and Vertues Catanance was not vsed for medicine in times past neyther yet is vsed that I can tel of Of Moly Chap. l. †The Description Moly according as Dioscorides writeth hath leaues like grasse but broader and spreaden or laid vpon the ground The flowers be white in fashion like the stocke or wall Geleflowers but smaller The stalke is white of foure cubites long at the top wherof there groweth a certayne thing fashioned like Garlike The roote is small and rounde as an Onyon Catanance Plinie in the fourth Chapter of his xxv Booke writeth of another Moly whose roote is not bolefashion or like an Onyon but long and slender His leaues be also lyke vnto grasse and layd flat vpon the ground amongst which springeth vp a rounde small and playne stalke diuided aboue into many branches wherevpon grow white flowers not muche vnlyke the flowers of stocke Gelleflowers but muche smaller The rootes be long and small and very threddie You may also recken amongst the kindes of Moly a sort of grasse growing alongst the sea coast which is very tender and smal bearing smal short narrow leaues and most commonly lying flat and thicke vppon the grounde amongst whiche commeth vp small short and tender stalkes bearing flowers at the top tuft fashion of a white purple or skie colour The rootes of the same kinde be likewise long smal and tender †The Place The second Moly as Plinie writeth groweth in Italie in stonie places the Herboristes of this Countrie do plant it in their gardens The grasse that groweth by the sea coast is founde in some places of Zealande in lowe moyst places or groundes †The Tyme Plinies Moly flowreth in this Countrie in Iuly Liliago Phalangium Pseudo Moly Sea grasse The bastarde Moly flowreth most commonly all the sommer ¶ The Names The first is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and in Latine Moly The seconde is called Plinies Moly in Latine Moly Plinij and is taken to be the right Phalangium or Spiders worte of Dioscorides and that in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is of Valerius Cordus named Liliago That kinde of grasse whiche groweth by the sea syde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Pseudomoly that is to say Bastarde Moly Neuerthelesse it is no kinde of Moly but rather a kinde of grasse the whiche you may well name Gramen marinum some call it in Englishe our Ladies quishion ¶ The Nature The true Moly which is the first kinde is hoate in the third degree and of subtill partes †The Vertues The roote of Moly eaten or dronken prouoketh vrine and applyed as a pessarie or mother suppositorie openeth the stoppings of the matrix or mother Moly is also excellent against enchauntementes as Plinie and Homer do testifie saying That Mercurie reuealed or shewed it to Vlysses whereby he escaped all the enchauntments of Circe the Magicien Of the grasse of Parnasus Chap. li. †The Description THis herbe hath litle rounde leaues in fashion much vnlike the leaues of Iuie or Asarabacca but farre smaller and not of so darke a colour amongst the which spring vp two or three small stalkes of a foote high and of a reddish colour belowe and bearing faire white flowers at the top the which being past there come vp round knops or heads wherin is conteyned a reddish seede The roote is somwhat thicke with many threddy stringes thervnto annexed †The Place This herbe groweth in moyst places and is founde in certayne places of Brabant †The Tyme This herbe flowreth in Iuly and soone after yeeldeth his seede †The Names Bycause of the lykenesse that this herbe hath with the grasse called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Gramen Parnasium they call it in this Countrie The grasse of Parnasus in base Almaigne Gras van Parnasus Valerius Cordus nameth it Hepatica alba Hepatica alba Gramen Parnasi ⧠The Nature The seede of Parnasus grasse is drie and of subtill partes †The Description The decoction of Parnasus grasse dronken doth drie and strengthen the feeble and moyst stomacke and the moyst bowels stoppeth the belly and taketh away the besire to vomit The same boyled in wine or water prouoketh vrine especially the seede thereof the which doth not only prouoke vrine but also breaketh the stone and driueth it foorth if it be dronken The young leaues brused and layd to fresh woundes stoppeth the bleeding of the same and healeth the woundes Of the iuyce of this herbe is made a singuler Collyrium or medicine for the eyes the whiche comforteth the sight and cleareth the eyes if you put vnto it asmuch wine as you haue of the iuyce and halfe as much Myrrhe with a litle Pepper and Frankensence And for to keepe the sayd Collyrium a long time in his goodnesse it must be put into a copper Boxe Of Rushe Chap. lij †The Kindes THere are founde in this Countrie foure or fiue kindes of vsual or common rushes †The Description AL Rushes seeme nothing els but lgō twigs shutes or springs that are slender smooth rounde and without leaues the roote from whence they grow and spring vp is large and enterlaced The flowers seede grow vpon one side almost at the top of the shutes or rushes in tuftes or tassels The first kinde is full of white substance or pith the whiche being drawen out sheweth like long white softe or gentle threds and serueth for Matches to burne in lampes and of the same is made many plesant
that in proportion of flowers and pouches it is like to Red Rattel in high Douch Geel Rodel in base Almaigne Geel and witte RateleÌ„ of some Hanekammekens that is to say Hennes Commes or Coxecombes also yellowe or white Rattel This may wel be that herbe whereof Plinie writeth in his xviii booke the xxviii Chapter and there is called Nimmulus the which is very hurtfull to medowes ¶ The Nature Both of these herbes are colde drie and astringent †The Vertues Redde Rattel is taken of the Physitions in these dayes against the fluxe menstruall and all other issue of blood boyled in wine and drunken The other kinde hath no peculier vertue that I knowe Of the Thistel Chameleon Chap. lvii †The Kindes Chamaeleon is of two sortes as Dioscorides writeth the white and the blacke The figures which my Aucthor attributeth to Leucacantha wil agree well with this description and they be so placed of Matthiolus †The Description THe great Chameleon hath great brode prickley leaues not much vnlike the wilde Thistle but rougher sharper the which leaues are greater stronger grosser then the leaues of the blacke Chameleon amongst which leaues there riseth immediatly from the roote a prickley head or bowle almost like the heades of Hartichokes and beareth a purple thrommed flower like veluet The seede is almost lyke the seede of bastarde saffron The roote is long and white within of a sweete taste and aromaticall smell The blacke Chameleons leaues are also almost lyke to the leaues of the wilde Thistel but smaller and finer and sprinckled or spotted with red spottes The stemme is reddish or browne red of the bignesse of a finger groweth to the height of a foote whervpoÌ„ grow round heades with smal prickley flowers of diuers coloures whereof eche flower is not much vnlyke the flowers of the Hyacynthe The roote is great firme or strong blacke without and yellowish within sharpe and biting the tongue the whiche for the most part is found as it were already tasted or bitten †The Place The white Chameleon groweth vpon hilles and mountaynes such lyke vntoyled places Yet for all that it desyreth good grounde It is founde in Spayne in the region of Arragon by the high way sides The blacke groweth in drye soyles and places neare the Sea †The Names The first kinde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Chamaeleo albus of Apuleius Carduus syluaticus of some also Erisisceptrum lxâ—â— Carduus varinus Carduus irinus Carduus lacteus Matthiolus sayth that the Italians cal this herbe Carlina in Spayne Cardo pinto in Frenche Carline The seconde kinde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Chamaeleo niger of some Pancarpon Vlophonon Cynomazon Cynoxylon Ocymoides Cnidos coccos Carduus niger Veruilago Vstilago c. Both these kindes are vnknowen in this Countrie ⧠The Nature Chameleon is temperate in heate and drynes specially the blacke the which is almost hoate in the seconde degree and altogither drie in the thirde degree †The Vertues The roote of the white Chameleon dronken with redde wine wherin Origanum hath bene sodden killeth and bringeth foorth large or brode wormes The same boyled in good wine is very good for such as haue the Dropsie and strangurie for it delayeth the swelling of them that haue the Dropsie and dispatcheth vrine It is good against al kindes of venome or poyson that may be giuen The roote of the blacke Chameleon is not very meete to be receiued inwardly for it is indued with a certayne hidden euill qualitie as Galen sayth and therefore it was neuer ministred of the Auncientes but in outward medicines The same with a litle Copperose and Swines grease healeth the scabbe and if you put thereto of Brimstone and Rosen or Tarre it wil heale the hoate running or creeping scabbe or scurffe foule tetters and all noughtie itche or manginesse The same layde to in the Sonne but onely with Brimstone putteth away the creeping scabbe and tetter white spottes sonne burning and other suche deformities of the face The decoction of this roote boyled in water or vineger being holden in the mouth healeth the tooth ache The lyke propertie hath the roote broken or brused with Pepper and Salt to be applyed and layde vppon the noughtie tooth Of Sea Holly Chap. lviij †The Kindes IN this Countrie is founde two kindes of Eryngium the one called the great Eryngium or Eryngium of the Sea and the other is called but Eryngium onely Eryngium marinum Sea Holly Eryngium vulgare The hundred headed Thistel †The Description THE great Eryngium hath great large whitishe somewhat rounde and thicke leaues a litle crompled or cronkeled about the edges set here and there with certayne prickles rounde about vppon the edges the sayde leaues be of an aromaticall or spicelyke taste The stalkes be rounde and growe about the height of a foote of a reddishe colour belowe neare the grounde vpon the toppes of the branches come foorth round knoppie and sharpe prickley heades about the quantitie of a nut set rounde about full of small flowers most commonly of a Celestiall or skie colour and in this Countrie they haue small tippes or white markes And harde ioyning vnder the flowers grow fiue or fixe small prickley leaues set in compasse round about the stalke like a starre the whiche with the vppermost part of the stemme are altogither of a skie colour in this Countrey The roote is of ten or twelue foote long and oftentimes so long that you cannot drawe it vp whole as bigge as ones finger full of ioyntes by spaces and of a pleasant taste The seconde kinde hath broade crompled leaues al to pounced and iagged whitish set rounde about with sharpe prickles The stalke is of a foote long with many branches at the toppe whereof growe rounde rough and prickle bullettes or knoppes like to the heades of Sea Holly or Huluer but muche smaller vnderneath which knoppes grow also fiue or fixe small narrow sharpe leaues set rounde about the stemme after the fashion of Starres The roote is long and playne or single as bigge as a mans finger blackishe without and white within †The Place Erynge as Dioscorides writeth groweth in rough vntoyled feeldes it is founde in this Countrie in Zealand Flaunders vpon banckes and alongst by the Sea coast The common Erynge groweth also in this Countrie in the like places it groweth also in Almaigne alongst by the riuer Rhene and in drie Countries by the high wayes There is plentie growing about Strasbourge †The Tyme Both these kindes do bring foorth their flowers in this Countrie in Iune and Iuly ⧠The Names The first kinde of these Thistels is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Eryngium Plinie calleth it also Erynge the writers of our time cal it Eryngium marinum the Arabians with the Apothecaries cal it Iringus in Almaigne Cruyswortele and Endeloos and in some places of Flaunders Meere wortele in
brode leaues and nothing prickley which is called the right Artechoke the other whose leaues be all to gashed full of sharpe prickles and deepe cuttes which may be called the Thistell or prickley Artechoke †The Description Cynara Artechokes Cynaraealiud genus Prickley Artechokes The Thistell or prickley Artechoke hath great long leaues very much and deepely cut vpō both sides euen to the very sinewes which depart the leaues and full of sharpe cruel prickles The stalke is long vpon the which grow scaly heades almost like the others They are both of one kinde not otherwise to be accounted for oftentimes of the seede of one springeth the other especially the Thistell Artechoke commeth of the seede of the right Arrechoke Whiche thing was very well knowen of Palladius who commaunded to breake the point of the seede for bycause it shoulde not bring foorth the prickley kinde ¶ The Place These two kindes growe not in this Countrie of their owne accorde but are sowen and planted in gardens †The Tyme The right prickley Artechokes bring forth their great heades in August †The Names This kinde of Thistell especially the first sorte is called of Galen in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of Math. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Cynara Cinara Carduus Carduus satiuus of writers of our time Arocum Alcoralum and Articocalus in Frenche Artichaut in Italian Articoca in high Douch Strobildorn in Brabāt Artichauts folowing the Frenche the heades be called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Spondyli in Englishe the great and right Artechok The other is called Cinaraacuta in French Chardonnerette in Brabant Chardons It may be wel Englished the Thistel or prickley Artichoke †The Nature and Vertues The heades of Artechokes are vnhole some to be eaten as Galen writeth in his boooke De Alimentis and of harde digestion wherefore they engender noughtie humours especially being eaten rawe and vnprepared Therefore they must be boyled after the order of Asparagus in some good broth of beefe or other flesh then serue them with a sause of butter or oyle salt and vineger some vse them rawe with pepper and salt and the powder of Coriander and so they yeelde a natural pleasant and kindly sweetenesse in taste They are not vsed in medicine as my Aucthor in folowing Dioscorides and Galen writeth Some write if the young and tender shelles or Nuttes of the Artechok being first srieped or soked in strong wine be eaten that they prouoke vrine and stirre vp the lust of the body Also they write that the roote is good agaynst the rancke sinel of the arme pittes if after the taking cleane away of the pith the same roote be boyled in wine and dronken For it sendeth foorth plentie of stinking vrine whereby the ranke and rammishe sauour of al the body is amended The same boyled in water and dronken doth strengthen the stomacke and so confirme the place of naturall conception in women that it maketh them apt to conceaue male Children The first springes or tender impes of the Artechok sodden in good broth with Butter doth mightely stirre vp the lust of the body both in men and women it causeth sluggishe men to be diligent in Sommer and wil not suffer women to be slowe at winter It stayeth the inuoluntarie course of the naturall seede in man or woman Of our Zadyes Thistell Chap. lxij †The Description OVr Ladies Thistel hath great broade white greene leaues speckled with many white spots set rounde about with sharpe prickles The stalkes be long as bigge as ones finger at the top whereof grow rounde knapped headdes with sharpe prickles out of the same knappes come foorth fayre purple flowers and after them within the same heades groweth the seede inclosed or wrapt in a certayne cotton or downe The which is not much vnlyke the seede of wilde Carthamus but lesser rounder and blacker The roote is long thicke and white Spina alba Our Ladyes Thistel †The Place Our Ladyes Thistel groweth of his owne kinde in this Countrie almost in euery garden of potherbes and is also founde in rough vntoyled places †The Tyme It flowreth in Iune and Iuly the same yere it is first sowen and when it hath brought foorth his seede it decayeth and starueth †The Names This Thistell is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Spina alba of some also Agriocinara Donacitis Erysisceptrum Spina regia and Carduus Ramptarius of the Arabian Physitions Bedeguar in Englishe Our Ladies Thistell in Frenche Chardou nostre Dame in high Douche Marien Distel and Frauwen Distel in base Almaigne Onser Vrouwen Distel in shoppes Carduus Mariae †The Nature The roote of our Ladies Thistel is dry and astringent The seede is hoate and of subtill partes †The Vertues The roote of our Ladyes Thistel dronke in wine is good for them that spit blood and for those that haue feeble stomackes and lose bellyes Taken in the same sort it prouoketh vrine and driueth it foorth It consumeth colde and soft swellinges being layde therevnto The wine wherein it hath bene boyled swageth the tooth ache The seede is giuen with great profite to children that be troubled with the crampe or the drawing awry of any member and to suche as are bitten with Serpentes or other venemous beastes Of the Globe Thistel Chap. lxiij †The Description THis thistel hath also great broade leaues of a sadde greene colour aboue or in the vpper side and next the grounde they are rough of a grayish colour deepely iagged and hackt rounde about the indented edges are full of sharpe prickley pointes The stalke is rounde and blatkishe as bigge as ones finger and of foure or fiue foote long whervpon grow faire round heades and rough bearing rounde about a great many of smal whitish flowers mixt with blew The roote is browne without †The Place This Thistell is a stranger in this Countrie and is not founde but in the gardens of Herboristes and such as loue herbes Spina peregrina †The Tyme It flowreth in Iune and Iuly a yere after it hath bene sowen †The Names The Thistel is called of the writers in these dayes in Latine Spina peregrina of Valerius Cordus Carduus Sphaerocephalus in high Douche Welsch Distel or Romisch distel in base Almaigne Roomsche distel Vremde distel that is to say the Romaynes Thistel or the strange Thistel How this Thistel was called of the Auncientes we knowe not except it be Acanthus syluestris wherewithall it seemes to be much like Turner calleth it Ote Thistel or Cotton Thistel in folowing Valerius Cordus we may also call it Globe Thistell bycause the heades be of a rounde forme lyke to a Globe or bowle †The Nature This strange Thistel is hoate and drie the whiche may be perceiued by the strong smell in rubbing it betweene your handes also it may be diserned by the sharpe taste thereof †The Vertues This Thistell is not in vse that
white kernel or nut in tast almost lyke to the Chestnut †The Place The first groweth by the way sides and neare vnto waters in vntoyled places It is founde in Italy and some places of Fraunce It groweth abundantly in Thracia Tribulus aquaticus Saligot Saligot is found in certayne places of this Countrie as in stues pondes of cleare water †The Tyme Grounde Tribulus flowreth in Iune and after that it bringeth foorth his prickley seede †The Names The first of these plantes is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Tribulus and Tribulus terrestris This is the first kinde of Tribulus terrestris or grounde Tribulus described of Theophrastus for he setteth foorth two sortes as we haue before sayde that is to say one bearing leaues lyke Ciche peason whereof we haue nowe geuen you the figure to beholde and the other hauing prickley leaues for which cause it is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Phyllacanthus that is to say the prickley leafe The seconde kinde seemeth to be that kinde of Grounde Tribulus which Dioscorides speaketh of in his fourth booke whiche kinde is yet to vs vnknowen That whiche groweth in the water is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Tribulus aquaticus in French Chastaignes d'eau and Saligot in high Douch Wassernusz Weihernusz Stachelnusz Spitz nusz in base Almaigne Water Noten and of some Minckysers in English Water Nuttes and Saligot †The Nature Grounde Tribulus is colde and astringent is Galen writeth The Saligot is also of the same complexion but moyster †The Vertues The greene Nuttes or fruite being dronken is good for them whiche are troubled with the stone and grauell The same dronken or layde to outwardly helpeth those that are bitten of Vipers And dronken in wine it resisteth all venome and poyson The leaues of Saligot or water Tribulus are very good to be laide plasterwise vpon all vlcers and hoate swellinges They be good also agaynst the inflammations and vlcers of the mouth the putrefaction and corruption of the Iawes or gummes and against the kings euill and swellinges of the throte The iuyce of them is good to be put into collyries medicines for the eyes They vse to giue the powder of the Nuttes to be dronken in wine to suche as pisse blood and are troubled with grauell Also in time of scarsitie they vse to eate them as foode but they nourish but litle and do stoppe the belly very muche Of Madder Chap. lxxiij †The Kindes THere be two sortes of Madder the tame Madder the whiche they vse to plant and sowe and the wild Madder which groweth of his owne kinde Rubia satiua Garden Madder Rubia syluestris Wilde Madder †The Description THE husbanded or garden Madder hath long stalkes or branches square rough and full of ioyntes and at euery ioynt set rounde with greene narrowe leaues fashioned lyke a Starre the flowers growe about the top of the branches lyke as in the wilde Madder of a faynt colour changing vpon yellow after which commeth a rounde seede at the first greene then red and at the last blacke The roote is very long small and red The wilde Madder is lyke to that of the garden but it is smaller and not so rough The flowers are white The roote very smal tender and somtimes also reddish †The Place The husbanded Madder is planted in Zeelande and Flaunders and in some places of Brabant by Berrow in good and fertill grounde The wilde groweth generally of it selfe alongst the feeldes vnder hedges and bushes †The Tyme They do both flower in Iuly and August †The Names Madder is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Rubia in Shoppes Rubia tinctorum in high Douche Rodte in base Almaigne Rotte most commonly Mee and they call the powder of the Rotte Meecrappen in Frenche Garance in English Madder The wilde is called Rubia syluestris and of some learned men is thought to be Alysson of Plinie it is named Mollogo ⧠The Nature Garden Madder is drie of Complexion †The Vertues The roote of garden Madder boyled in Meade or honied water and dronken openeth the stopping of the liuer the melt the kidneyes and matrix it is good against the Iaunders and bringeth to women their desyred sicknesse The same taken in the like manner prouoketh vrine vehemently in somuch that the often vse thereof causeth one to pisse blood The decoction of the same dronken or the powder therof dronken in wine dissolueth clotted or congeled blood in the body and is good for such as are fallen from high and are brused or bursten within Men giue the iuyce of the roote to such as be hurt with venemous beastes and also the wine wherein the rootes and leaues haue boyled The seede thereof taken with Oximel or honied vineger doth swage and make lesse the Melt and healeth the hardnesse thereof The roote put vp vnder into the natural place of conception in manner of a pessarie or mother suppositorie bringeth foorth the birth the flowers and secundines The roote brused or pounde very small healeth al scuruie itche and manginesse or foulenesse of the body with spottes of diuers colours especially layde to with vineger as Droscorides teacheth The wilde Madder is not vsed in Medicine Of Goosegrasse / or Cliuer Chap. lxxiiij †The Description CLiuer or Goosegrasse hath many smal square branches rough sharpe full of ioyntes about whiche branches at euery ioynt growe long narrowe leaues after the fashion of Starres or lyke the leaues of Madder but smaller and rougher out of the same ioyntes grow litle branches bearing white flowers and afterwarde rounde rough seedes most commonly two vppon a stemme All the herbe his branches leaues and sede do cleaue and sticke fast to euery thing that it toucheth it is so sharpe that being drawen alongst the tongue it wil make it to bleede †The Place This herbe groweth in all places in hedges and bushes †The Tyme It flowreth and beareth seede al the Sommer †The Names This herbe is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and of some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Aparine in Frenche Grateron in high Douche Klebkraut in base Almaigne Cleefcruyt in Englishe Goose-grasse Cliuer and Gooseshare †The Nature Clyuer is drie of complexion †The Vertues They driuke the iuyce of the leaues sede of Goosegrasse against the bitings and stinginges of venemous beastes The same dropped into the eares healeth the payne and ache of the same This herbe pounde and layde vnto freshe woundes stoppeth the bleeding of the same pounde with Hogges grease it dissolueth consumeth the disease of the necke called the kinges euil and al hard kernelles and wennes wheresoeuer they be if it be laid therto as Turner writeth Aparine Of Gallion Chap. lxxv †The Description GAllion hath small rounde euen stemmes with very small narrowe leaues growing by spaces at the ioyntes round about the stemme starre fashion
maior that is to say Great Groundswell in Brabant groot Cruyscruyt and of some Silsom in Frenche Grand Seneceon The seconde is called in Latine Senecio minor that is to say the lesse Groundswel in French Petit Senesson in Douch Cruyscruyt or cleyn Cruyscruyt the whiche is well knowen The thirde sort is a right Erigeron Senecio especially that which Theophras describeth for as it is abouesayde his flowers waxe sodenly white hoare from whēce it hath to name Erigeron Conrade Gesner calleth it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and placeth it with the kindes of Conyza †The Nature Erigeron as Paulus writeth hath somewhat a cooling nature but yet digestiue †The Vertues The leaues and stalkes of Groundswell boyled in water or sweete wine and dronken healeth the ache of the stomacke that riseth of choler The leaues and flowers alone or stamped with a litle wine are good to be layde to the burning heate or inflammation of the stones and fundement The same mingled with the fine powder of Frankencense healeth all woundes especially of the sinewes being layd thereto The downe of the flowers layde to with a litle Saffron water are good for bleared and dropping eyes The same with a litle salt doth wast consume the kinges euil or strumes of the necke The small Groundswell is good to be eaten in Salades with oyle and vineger and is no euill or vnholsome foode Of Letuce Chap. xviij ¶ The Kindes OF Letuce are two sortes the garden and wilde Letuce and of the garden Letuce are sundrie sortes †The Description THe first kind of garden Letuce hath long brode leaues euen playne and smothe the whiche do neuer close nor come togither emongst which riseth a straight stalke full of white sappe lyke milke of the height of two foote the which diuideth it self at the top into sundry branches bearing yellow †The Tyme This Letuce flowreth in Iuly and August †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Lactuca sylnestris of Zoroastes Pherumbrum in shoppes Endiuia albeit this is not the right Endiue of some Seriola in Frenche Laictue sauuage in high Douche Wilder Lattiche in base Alemaigne Wilde Lattouwe in Englishe Wilde Letuce of Turner greene Endiue And this is the herbe that the Israelites did eate with their Passeouer Lambe †The Nature The wilde Letuce is partly colde and drie in the third degree and partly sharpe and abstersiue or scouring with some warmenesse ⧠The Vertues The iuyce of the wilde Letuce dronken with Oximel that is honied vineger scoureth by siege the waterie humours It reconcileth sleepe and swageth al paynes also it is good against the stinging of Scorpions and the fielde Spider called Phalangium It is also good with womans milke to be layde vnto burninges The same dropped into the eyes cleareth the sight and taketh away the clowdes dimnesse of the same The seede of this Letuce also abateth the force of Venus and is of vertue like to the garden Letuce seede Lactuca syluestris Of Purcelayne Chap. xx †The Kyndes THere be two kindes of Purcelayne one of the garden the other wilde bysides these there is also a thirde kinde the whiche groweth onely in salt groundes †The Description GArden Purcelayne hath grosse stalkes fat round and of a brownred colour the which do grow vp to the length of a span or more vpō the sayd stalkes are the thicke fat or fleshie leaues somthing long brode round before The flowers grow betwixt the leaues and stalkes and also at the highest of the stalkes the which be very smal of a faynt yellowish colour The same being past there come little rounde close huskes in whiche is founde smal blacke seede The roote is tender and hearie The wild Purcelaine hath thicke fat round stalkes like the garden Purcelayne but tenderer smaller and redder the which grow nothing at al vpright but are spread abrode and trayle vpon the ground The leaues be smaller then the leaues of the other but the flowers sede is like These two Purcelaynes are full of iuyce and of a sharpe or quicke taste They are vsed in the sommer to be eaten in Salade as they vse Letuce Portulaca hortensis Garden Pyrcelayne Portulaca syluestris Wilde Purcelayne Portulaca marina Sea Purcelayne ¶ The Place The tame Purcelayne is sowen in gardens The wild groweth of his owne accorde in wayes and alies of gardens in some places it groweth vppon rockes cleeues and viniardes Sea Purcelayne groweth vpō bankes or walles cast vp in places adioyning to the sea and great store therof is founde in Zeeland and bysides the I le of Purbeck in Englande †The Tyme The garden wilde Purcelayne do flower from after the moneth of Iune vntill September and in this space they yeelde their seede The sea Purcelayne flowreth in Iuly ¶ The Names Purcelayne is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine and in shoppes Portulaca in Frenche Pourpier or Pourcelaine in high Douche Burgel in base Almaigne Porceleyne in English Purcelayne The first kinde is called Portulaca satiua or Hortensis in Frenche Pourpier or Pourcelaine domestique or cultinée in high Douche Heymisch Burgel or Burtzeskraut in base Almaigne Roomsche Porceleyne or tamme Porceleyne in English garden and tame Purcelayne The seconde kinde is called of the newe writers Portulaca syluestris in Frenche Pourpier sauuage in high Douche Wildt Burtzel in base Almaigne Ghemeyne or wilde Porceleyne in English Wild Purcelayne but yet this is not that wild Purcelayne which is described in some copies of Dioscorides the which is of a hoate nature or complexion The thirde kinde of Purcelayne of the later writers is called Portulaca marina in Frenche Pourcelaine de mer ▪ in Douch Zee Porceleyne This seemeth to be that herbe which the Greekes call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Latinistes Halimus especially the seconde kinde described by Plinie †The Nature The garden and wilde Purcelayne are cold in the thirde degree and moyst in the seconde Sea Purcelayne is playnely hoate and drie in the seconde degree †The Vertues They vse to eate the garden and wild Purcelayne in Salades and meates as they do Letuce but it cooleth the blood and maketh it waterie nourisheth very litle yet for all that it is good for those that haue great heate in their stomackes and inwarde partes The same taken in lyke sort stoppeth all defluxions and falling downe of humours and is good for the paynes of the bladder and kidneyes it healeth them albeit they be exulcerated fret or hurt Purcelayne comforteth the weake inflamed stomacke it taketh away the imaginations dreames fansies the outragious desire to the lust of the body The iuyce of Purcelayne dronken hath the same vertue also it is good against burning feuers against the wormes that ingender in the body of man It is good for such as spit blood it stoppeth the blooddy flixe the fluxe of the Hemoroides
degree †The Vertues In Sealande they eate this roote in meates in whiche Countrie it is not muche differing in taste and vertue from Parsneppes and Carrottes it prouoketh vrine comforteth the stomacke nourisheth indifferently is good for the bladder and kidneyes Bolbocastanon as Alexander Trallianus writeth is good to be eaten of them that spit blood The seede of the same causeth women to haue their natural sicknes bringeth foorth the secondines prouoketh vrine and is very profitable for the reynes the kidneyes the bladder and the spleene or milte being stopped Of Mallowes Chap. xxiiij †The Kindes THere be diuers sortes of Mallowes whereof some be of the garden and some be wilde the whiche also be of diuers kindes The garden Mallow called the winter or beyondsea roose is of diuers sorts not only in leaues stalkes and growing but in proportion colour flowers for some be single some double some white some carnation some of a cleare or light red some of a darke redde some gray and speckled The wilde Mallowes are also of two sortes the great and the small Malua satiua Holyhocke or garden Mallow Malua syluestris elatior Wild Hocke or the greater wild Mallow †The Description THE great tame Mallow which beareth the beyondsea or winter rose hath great round rough leaues larger whiter and vneuener then the leaues of the other Hockes or Mallowes The stalke is rounde and groweth sixe or seuen foote high or more it beareth fayre great flowers of diuers coloures in figure lyke to the common Mallowe or Hocke but a great deale bigger sometimes single somtimes double The flowers fallen the seede commeth vp lyke smal cheeses The roote is great and long and continueth a long time putting foorth yerely newe leaues and stalkes The great wilde Mallow hath leaues somewhat round fat and a litle cut or snipt rounde about the borders but of a browner colour smaller and euener then the leaues of the Hollyhocke The stalke is rounde of two or three foote long thervpon grow the flowers in fashion like to the other but much smaller and parted into fiue leaues of a purple carnation colour after whiche commeth the seede whiche is rounde and flat made lyke litle cheeses The roote is long and of a conuenient thicknesse The smal wilde Mallow is very muche lyke to the great wilde Mallowe sauing that his leaues be a litle rounder and smaller the flowers be pale the stalkes grow not high or vpright but trayle alongest the grounde The roote is lykewyse long and thicke †The Place The Hollyhocke or garden Mallowe is sowen and planted in gardēs of this Countrie The wilde kindes growe in vntoyled places by path wayes and pastutes †The Tyme Hollyhocke flowreth in Iune Iuly and and August The wild beginneth to flower in Iune continueth flowring vntyl September in the meane space it yeeldeth his seede ⧠The Names Mallowes are called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Malua of Pythagoras 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Anthema of Zoroastes 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Diadema of the Egyptians Chocortis of some Vrina muris in Frenche Maulue in high Douche Pappel in base Almaigne Maluwe in Shoppes Malua in Englishe Hockes and Mallowes Malua syluestris pumila The smal wild Mallow The first kind of Mallowes is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Malua satiua of some Rosa vltramarina that is to say the Beyondesea Rose in Frenche Maulue de iardin or cultiuée in hygh Douche Garden Pappeln Ernrosz or Herbstrosz in base Almaigne Winterroosen in English Holyhockes and great tame Mallow or great Mallowes of the garden The wilde Mallow is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Malua syluestris in high Almaigne Gemeyn Pappeln in base Almaigne Maluwe and Keeskens cruyt wherof that sort which groweth vpright and highest is called Malua elatior that is the common Mallowe or the tawle wilde Mallow and the common Hockes The second wild kind which is the least is called Malua syluestris pumila or Malua pumila that is to say the small wilde Hocke or Dwarffe Mallowe in Douche Cleyn Maluwe †The Nature Mallowes are temperate in heate and moysture of a digestiue and softening nature ⧠The Vertues Mallowes taken in meate nourish better then Letuce and soften the belly neuerthelesse they be hurtfull to the stomacke for they loose and mollitie or relent the same The rawe leaues of Mallowes eaten with a litle salt helpe the payne and exulceration of the kidneyes and bladder For the same purpose and against the grauel and stone Mallowes are good to be boyled in water or wine and dronken The decoction or broth of Mallowes with their rootes are good agaynst al venome and poyson to be taken incontinently after the poyson so that it be vomited vp againe It doth mollifie and supple the tumours and hardnes of the mother if women bathe in the broth thereof It is good against al going of of the skin excoriations gnawings roughnesse and fretting of the bladder guttes mother and fundement if it be put in with a glister The seede of Mallowes dronken in wine causeth abundance of milke and is good for them that feele paine in the bladder and are troubled with grauel Mallowes are good to be layde to against the stinginges of Waspes and Bees and draw foorth thornes and splinters if they be layde therevpon The same raw or boyled and pounde by them self or with Swines grease do supple mollifie rype and dissolue all kindes of tumours hoate and colde The rootes of Mallowes rosted in the imbers or hoate asshes and pounde very smal are very good to be layd to as an implaister against the exulceration and sorenesse of womens breastes †The Choise The garden Mallow is whelsomer to be eaten then the wilde Mallow but in medicine to soften hardnesse dissolue swellinges or tumours the wild kinde is better and of more vertue then the garden Mallow Of Marrish Mallow / or white Mallow Chap. xxv †The Description MArrish Mallow is muche like the other Mallowes but a great deale whiter and softer his leaues be roundishe white softe and almost frised or cottoned whiche in proportion and quantitie are almost like to the leaues of the common hocke or wilde Mallowe The stalke is rounde and straight The flowers are in figure like to the wilde Mallowe after them commeth the seede as in the other Mallowes The roote is great and thicke white within and slymie The seconde kinde of white Mallow whiche Theophrast describeth hath roundish leaues white and soft and almost frised or Cottoned like the other white or Marrishe Mallowe but farre greater almost like in proportion and bignesse to the leaues of Gourde The stalkes be long thicke and strong vpon which betwixt the leaues and the stemme growe yellow flowers after them come crooked huskes as though they were wrinckled wherein is the seede †The Place Marshe Mallowe loueth fat and moyst grounde
adioyning to waters and ditches The second kind is a stranger in this Countrie therfore not to be founde but amongst certaine diligent herboristes Althaea Marshe Mallowe or flymie Mallowe Ibiscus Theophasti Abutilon Auicennae Yellow Hibiscuus or Abtilno †The Time It flowreth togither with the other Mallowes The seconde forte is sowen in Marche or Aprill and deliuereth his flower and seede about the ende of Sommer †The Names These kindes of Mallowes are called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Althaea and Hibiscus of Galen Anadendron of some Aristalthaea in shoppes Bismalua and Maluauiscum in French Guymaulue in high Douche Ibisch oder Eibisch in base Almaigne Witte Malue or Witte Huemst in English Marrish Mallowe and white Mallowe The seconde kind is called of Theophrastus also in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine also Hibiscus and to be knowen from the other Hibiscus Theophrasti of Auicenne it is called Abutilon by the whiche name it is knowen of the Herboristes †The Nature Marshe Mallow is temperate in heate as the other Mallowes but dryer euen in the first degree †The Vertues The roote of Marsh Mallow boyled in wine and dronken is good against the paine and griefe of the grauel and stone the blooddy flixe the Sciatica the trembling shaking of any member for suche as are troubled with crampes and burstinges The same boyled in sweet new milke healeth the cough as Plinie writeth It is good also against the toothache for it swageth the payne being boyled in vineger and holden in the mouth The same boyled in wine or honyed water and brused or pounde very smal doth cure and heale newe woundes and it doth dissolue and consume all colde tumours and swellinges as wennes and hard kernelles also the impostumes that chaunce behinde the eares and for the burning impostume of the pappes it softeneth tumours it ripeth digesteth breaketh and couereth with skinne olde impostumes and blastinges or windie swellinges it cureth the riftes and chappes of the fundament and the trembling of the smewes sinewie partes The same so prepared and pounde with Swines grease Goose grease or Turpentine doth mollifie and swage the impostumes and sores of the mother and openeth the stoppinges of the same being put in as a pessarie or mother suppositorie The leaues are good for all the greefes aforesayde being vsed in like manner yet they be nothyng so vertuous as the roote The leaues of marshe Mallow beyng layde to with oyle do heale the burninges and scaldinges with fire and water and are good against the bytinges of men and Dogges and against the stinginges of Bees and Waspes The seede greene or dried pounde and dronke healeth the blooddy flyxe and stoppeth the laske and all issue of blood The seede eyther greene or dry layd to with vineger taketh away freckles or fowle spottes of the face both white and blacke but ye must annoynt your selfe eyther in the hoate Sonne or els in a hoate house or stewe The same boyled eyther in water vineger or wine is good to be dronken of them whiche are stongue with Bees and Waspes Of verueyne Mallow / or cut Mallow Chap. xxvi †The Description CUT Mallow as witnesseth Diosorides is a kind of wild Mallow whose leaues are more clouen deeper â—…t and diuided into sundry partes almost lyke the leaues of Veruayne but muche larger The stalkes be round and straight two or three foote high The flowers be of a cleare redde or incarnate colour in figure like to the flowers of the other Mallowes after the flowers commeth the seede also fashioned lyke litle cheeses The roote is thicke and two foote long or more white within †The Place This herbe groweth in vntoyled places in the borders of fieldes and hedges and is not very common in this Countrie †The Tyme Cut Mallow flowreth at Midsomer as the other wilde Mallowes or Hockes Alcea †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Alcea vnknowen in shoppes of some Herba Simeonis Herba Hungarica in high Douche Sigmars kraut Sigmundswurtz or Hochlenten in Frenche Guymaulue sauuage â–ª in base Almaigne Sigmaerts cruyt in English Verueyn Mallow or cut Mallowe this is also a kinde of marshe or slymie Mallow Symons Mallow †The Nature Cut Mallow is temperate betwixt heate and colde and hath somewhat a drying nature †The Vertues The roote of cut Mallowe or Symons slymie Mallowe boyled in water or wine and dronken stoppeth the blooddy flyxe and healeth and glueth togither woundes and inwarde burstinges Of Venisse Mallow Chap. xxvij †The Description THe Venitian Mallow hath rounde tender stalkes with handesome branches the leaues be of a darke greene thicke or fat clouen iagged not much vnlyke the leaues of cut Mallow or the wild Guy Mallow of a shining darke colour not muche vnlyke the colour of the leaues of Acanthus The flowers growe at the toppe of the stalkes and are the fayrest amongst al the sortes of Mallowes almost lyke in making to the flowers of the other Mallowes diuided also into fiue leaues the extremitie outside of the leaues are white or pale but the middle or inner part of the flower is of a browne red purple with a yellowe Dodkin or Pestil lyke golde in the middle These flowers do not open at all vntyll three or foure houres after sonne rising or an houre or two before noone or there aboutes and when they haue remayned open or spreade abrode the space of an houre or an houre a halfe they close togither agayne and fade or wither away the whiche being past there come in their steede little huskes or bladders wherein are smal knoppes or hearie pellettes in whiche is a blacke seede The roote is smal and tender and perisheth yerely so that it must be newe sowen euery yeere Alcea Veneta †The Place This herbe is a stranger in this Countrie and is not founde at all except in the gardens of some Herboristes where as it is sowen †The Tyme They sowe it in Marche or Aprill and it flowreth in Iune and Iuly †The Names This herbe of the later writers is taken for a kinde of Alcea and is called Alcea Veneta that is to say The slymie or Mucculage Mallow of Vennis of some Malua Theophrasti in high Douch Venediger Pappeln or wetter Roszlin in base Almaigne Veneetsche Maluwe This is not Hypecoon as Matthiolus takes it but it shoulde rather seeme to be Solanum Manicum described in the xcij. Chapter of the thirde booke wherevnto it resembleth muche †The Nature The Mucculage Mallowe is hoate and moyst lyke to the common Hocke or great wilde Mallow we may well presume that in operation and vertue it is lyke to the common Mallow yet for al that we haue no certayne experience of the same ⧠The Vertues Forasmuche as this Mallowe is hoate and moyst we may well presume that in operation and vertue it is lyke to the
common Mallowe yet for al that we haue no certayne experience of the same Of Cucumbers Chap. xxviij †The Kindes THere be two sortes of Cucumbers the garden and the wilde Cucumber The garden Cucumber is vsed in meates The wild kind is not good for that purpose but serueth onely for medicine we haue giuen you his description in the thirde booke of this historie the xl Chapter †The Description THE garden and eateable Cucumber hath long rough branches creeping alongest the grounde vpon whiche growe rough roundishe leaues and claspers or tendrelles The flowers growe betwixt the leaues and the stalkes of a faint yellowe colour that which being fallen away the fruite foloweth after which is long the outside thereof is sparckled and set full of litle bowles of bosses the coastes or sides be long greene at the beginning afterward yellow within the whiche groweth a broade or large white seede The roote is of a competent length †The Place These Cucumbers are sowen in gardens and loue places standing well in the Sonne †The Tyme The chiefest season for the eating of Cucumbers is in Iuly and August and they are ripe in September Cucumis satiuus Melopepon Galeni Cucumbers ⧠The Names This kinde of Cucumber is called of the later writers in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Cucumis satiuus or Cucumer satiuus of some Cucumis Anguinus or Anguria in shops Cucumer in French Concombre ▪ in high Douche Cucumern and Gurchen in base Almaigne Concommeren and this seemeth to be the same which Galen in libris de Alimentorum facultatibus calleth 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Melopepon †The Nature The Cucumber is colde and moyst in the seconde degree †The Vertues Cucumber taken in meates is good for the stomacke and bowels that are troubled with heate but it yeeldeth small nourrishment euil insomuch that the immesurable vse thereof fylleth the vaynes with colde noughtie humours the whiche bycause they may not be conuerted into good blood doo at the length bryng foorth long and great agues and other diseases as Galen writeth The seede dronken with milke or sweete wine looseth the belly gently and is very good agaynst the exulceration rawnesse of the bladder and inwarde stopping of the same The greene leaues stamped with wine and layde to heale the bitinges of Dogges Of Melones and Pepones Chap. xxix ⧠The Kyndes THE Pepon is a kinde of Cucumber the whiche is nowe of diuers sortes as the great round and flat whereof the great is also of two sortes that is white and greene Pepones magni Great Melons or Pepons Pepones rotundi Round Melons or Pepons †The Description THe great Pepon hath long round great rough and hollow branches beset with short sharpe prickles The leaues be great broade rough parted into foure or fiue deepe cuttes or iagges much greater then the leaues of the Gourde by the sayde leaues come foorth clasping tendrelles whereby this Pepon groweth vp and taketh holdfast by euery thyng The flowers growe amongst the leaues very great and hollowe within iagged about the edges and of a yellowe colour The fruite is very bigge thicke and and long one sort thereof is of a greenishe colour with many ribbes or costes and the rinde is very harde the other sorte is white couered with a soft and tender rinde The seede is inclosed in the fruite and is white and broade much larger then the seede of the Cucumber The seconde kind whose fruite is round hath also prickly stalkes leaues the stalkes be smaller and most commonly creepe alongst the grounde The leaues be also smaller and not so deepe cut or rent The flowers be yellow lyke the flowers of great Melon or Pepō The fruite is rounde and somewhat the other white wherin groweth the flat whereof one sorte is greene and sede smaller than the sede of the other Pepone and greater than the seede of the Cucumber The thirde kinde of Pepones is muche lyke to the seconde in creepyng branches leaues and flowers but the stalkes be not so rough the fruite is flat brode and round couered with a soft and gentle rynde or coueryng cronkeled wrinckled about the borders or edgis lyke to a buckler wherin is the seede lyke to the seede of the Cucumber but greater There is also a wilde kinde of Pepons which are lyke the tame Pepons in stalkes and rough leaues but the fruite is smaller and altogither bitter lyke to Coloquintida or the wilde Gourde or wilde Cucumber wherevnto this wilde kinde is agreeable in vertue and operation Pepones lati Brode Melons or Pepons †The Place All these kindes of Melons and Pepons are sowen in gardens and vsed in meates except the wilde kind †The Tyme The fruite is ripe in August and sometimes sooner if it be a hoate season and a forwarde yere ¶ The Names This fruit is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and in Latine Pepones of Galen also 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Sicyopepones that is to say Pepones Cucumerales Cucumber Pepons The first kinde is called in English Melons and Pepons in Frenche Pompons dyuer or Citroulen in high Douche Pseben in base Almaigne Pepoenen of the newe writers in Latine Magni Pepones of some Cucumeres Turcici in Almaigne accordingly Turckischer Cucumeren Torcksche Cōcommeren The seconde kinde of Pepons is called Pepo or Cucumis marinus of some Zuccomarin in French Concombre marin Pompons Turquins in Douch Zee Concommere in Englishe Pompons or Melons we may also name them Sea Cucumbers or Turkie Pompons The thirde kinde whiche is the large Pompone is for the same cause called Pepones lati Broade Pepons in Douche Breede Pepoenen and of some Torcksche Meloenen that is to say Turkie Melons †The Nature The garden Melons or Pompons are colde and moyst but not so moyst as the Cucumbers †The Vertues The fruit of the garden Pepon is not often eaten raw but wel boyled with good flesh or sweete milke for being so prepared it is better and lesse hurtfull than the Cucumber and is good for suche as haue a hoate stomacke The flesh or substance of Pepons finely stamped doth swage and heale the inflammations of the eye if it be layde vnto them and being bound to the forehead it stoppeth the falling downe of humours into the eyes The seede of Pepons powned with meale and their owne iuyce doth beautifie the face for it taketh away freckles and alspottes of the face if the place be well rubbed with it in the Sonne The quantitie of a dramme of the dried roote taken with meade or honied water maketh one to vomite The same layde to with honie healeth the sores of the heate whiche be full of corruption and filthy matter Of Citrulle Cucumber Chap. xxx †The Description THe Citrul or Citrō Cucumber is also a kind of Cucumber hauing rounde rough stalkes full of Capreoles or clasping tendrelles whereby it taketh hold vpon hedges and stakes The leaues be al iagged
beaten ¶ The Place The garden Rockat is planted in gardens and is also found in this Countrie in certayne rude vntoyled and stonie places and vpon olde broken walles The wild Rockat is found also in stony places about high wayes pathes †The Tyme Rockat flowreth cheefely in Iune and Iuly ¶ The Names Rockat is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Eruca in Frenche Roquette in Douche Roket in base Almaigne Rakette The first and also the third kind is called Eruca satiua hortensis in French Roquette domestique or cultiueé in base Almaigne Roomsche Rakette in English Garden or tame Rockat and Rockat gentil The wilde is called Eruca syluestris that is to say wilde Rockat in base Almaigne wilde Rakette †The Nature Rockat is hoate and drie in the thirde degree †The Vertues Rockat is a good Salade herbe to be eaten with Letuce Purcelayne and other like colde herbes for being so eaten it is good and wholesome for the stomacke causeth that such colde herbes do not hurt the stomacke but if Rockat be eaten alone it causeth headache and heateth to much therfore it must neuer be eaten alone but alwayes with Letuce or Purcelayne The vse therof stirreth vp bodyly pleasure especially of the seede also it prouoketh vrine and helpeth the digestion of the meates The seede thereof is good against the poyson of the Scorpion Shrowe and suche like venemous beastes The seede layd to with hony taketh away freckles lentils other faultes of the face also it taketh away blacke and blewe spottes and scarres layde to with the gawle of an Oxe Men say that who so taketh the seede of Rockat before he be beaten or whipt shal be so hardened that he shall easily endure the payne according as Plinie writeth The roote boyled in water draweth foorth shardes and splinters of broken bones being layde therevpon Of Tarragon or biting Dragon Chap. lviij †The Description TArragon hath long narrow darke grene leaues in taste very sharpe and burning or biting the tongue almost like Rockat not muche vnlyke the leaues of common Hysope but muche longer and somewhat larger The stalkes be rounde of two foote hygh parted into many branches vpon whiche growe many small knoppes or litle buttons the which at their opening shewe many small flowers as yellowe as golde intermingled with blacke They being past commeth the seede The roote is long and small very threddy creeping alongst the grounde hither and thither putteth foorth yerely here and there newe stalkes and springes Ruellius in his second booke Chap. xcvj saith that this herbe cōmeth of Lineseede put into a Radish roote or within the scale of the sea Onyon called Scylla in Latine and so set into the grounde and planted and therefore he saith it hath part of both their natures for it draweth partly towardes vineger and partly towardes salt as may be iudged by the taste †The Place Tarragon is planted in gardens but yet it is not very common †The Tyme Tarragon abideth greene from the moneth of Marche almost to winter but it flowreth in Iuly †The Names This herbe hath not bene written of by any learned man before Ruellius tyme neyther is it yet wel knowen but in some places of Englande France and certayne Townes of this Countrie as Anwarpe Bruxelles Malines c. where as it was first brought out of France And therfore it hath none other name but that whiche was geuen first by the Frenchemen who called it Targon and Dragon and according to the same it is called in Latine Draco and of some Dracunculus hortensis that is the litle Dragon of the garden it is also called in Englishe Tarragon whiche shoulde seeme to be borowed from the Frenche neuerthelesse it was allowed a Denizon in England long before the time of Ruelius writing Draco †The Nature All this herbe is hoate and burning in the mouth and vpon the tongue whereby it is certayne that it is hoate and dry in the thirde degree and in temperature muche lyke to Rockat †The Vertues This herbe is also good to be eaten in Salade with Letuce as Rockat for it correcteth the coldenesse of Letuce and suche lyke colde herbes Moreouer where this herbe is put into the Salade there needeth not much vineger nor salt for as Ruelius writeth it is sharpe and salt ynough of it selfe Of Cresses Chap. lix †The Description GArden Cresses haue small narrowe iagged leaues of a sharpe burnyng taste the stalkes be rounde of a foote long and bring foorth many small white flowers and after them little rounde flat huskes within which the seede is contayned of abrowne reddish colour ¶ The Place Cresses are commonly sowen in all gardens of this Countrie †The Tyme Cresses that are timely sowen bring foorth their seede bytime but that whiche is later sowen bringeth foorth flowers and seeede more lately †The Names This herbe is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Nasturtium of some later writers Cressio in Frenche Cresson alnoys or Nasitort in high Douche Kresz and Garten Kresz in base Almaigne Kersse in English Cresses Towne Kars or Towne Cresses †The Nature Cresses are hoate and dry almost in the fourth degree especially the seede and the herbe when it is drie for being but yet greene they do not heate nor dry so vehemently but that they may be eaten with bread as Galen saith ⧠The Vertues Cresses eaten in Salade with Letuce is of vertue like to Rockat good amōgst cold herbes for eaten alone it ouerturneth the stomacke and hurteth the same bycause of his great heate and sharpenesse The seede looseth the belly and killeth and driueth foorth wormes it diminisheth the melte prouoketh the flowers and putteth foorth the secondine and the dead childe It is good against Serpentes and venemous beastes and the parfume of the same causeth them them auoyde The same taken with the broth of a pullet or chicken or any other lyke moyst meates doth ripe and bring foorth tough fleme wherewithall the breast is combred or charged The same laide to with hony cureth the hardnesse of the melte scoureth away scuruinesse and fowle spreading scabbes dissolueth colde swellinges and keepeth the heare from falling of Nasturtium Being layd to with hony vineger it is good against the Sciatica payne in the hippes and the head ache that is olde and against all olde colde diseases To conclude the seede of Cresses is in vertue very lyke Senuie as Galen writeth Of water Cresses Chap. lx ¶ The Kindes Water Cresses are of two sortes great and small †The Description The great water Cresse hath rounde holowe stalkes of a foote and a halfe long with lōg leaues made of diuers other litle roundish leaues standing togither vpon one stemme The flowers be small and white growing at the toppe of the branches alongst the stemmes after whiche folow smal coddes or huskes within which is the seede which is small and
vpon the wounde and hurted place the leaues flowers and rootes beaten togither The seede the flowers of the right Affodyl dronken in wine are very good against the poyson of scorpiōs other venemous beastes also they purge the belly The roote boyled in the lyes of wine is good to be layd vpon corrupt festered sores and vpon olde vlcers and the impostumes of the breastes and stones or genitours It is also good against new swellings and impostemes that do but begin being layde vpon in maner of an emplayster with parched barley meale The iuyce of the roote boyled with good olde wine a litle Myrrhe and Saffron is a good medicine for the eyes to cleare and sharpen the sight The same iuyce of it selfe or mingled with Frankencense hony wine and Myrrhe is good against the corrupt filth and mattering of the eares when it is powred or dropped in The same prepared ordered as is aforesaid swageth the toothache powred and dropped into the contrarie eare to the payne and greefe The ashes of the burned roote and specially of the seconde kind do cure and heale scabbes and noughtie sores of the head and doo restore agayne vnto the pilde head the heare fallen away being layde therevnto The oyle the is sodden in the rootes being made holow or the oyle in which the rootes haue ben boyled doth heale the burnings with fire mouldy or raw kibed heeles doth swage the paine of the eares deafnesse as Dioscorides writeth The rootes do cure the morphew or white spots in the flesh if you rub them first with a linnen cloth in the Sonne then annoynt the place with the iuyce of the roote or lay the roote to the place Of the Vine Chap. lxxx †The Kyndes THere are diuers sortes of vines but aboue all the rest there are two most notable that is to say the garden or husbanded vine and the wilde vine as writeth Dioscorides and the Ancientes The manured or husbanded vine is also of diuers sortes both in fashion and colour so that it is not easie to number or describe all the kindes whereof it shal be sufficient for vs to diuide the garden or husbanded vine into three kindes whereof the first is very red and yeeldeth a darke red liquer the whiche is called of some Tinctura The seconde is blewe and yeeldeth a cleare white liquer the which yet notwithstanding wareth redde when it is suffered to setle in the vessel The thirde vine is white and yeeldeth a white wine or liquer the whiche continueth white And all these sortes of the manured or garden vines are lyke one another in leaues branches wood and timber †The Description THE vine hath many weake and slender branches of a wooddy substance ouercouered with a clouē barke or chinking rinde from which branches groweth foorth new encrease of knottie shutes or springes bringing foorth at euery knotte or ioynt broade iagged leaues diuided into fiue cuttes or partes also it putteth foorth at the aforesayd ioyntes with the leaues certayne tendrelles or clasping caprioles tying tagglets wherewith al it taketh hold vpon trees poles and perches and all thinges els that it may attayne vnto The same new springes and branches doo also bring foorth for the most part at the seconde thirde and fourth knotte or ioynt first of all little bushie tuftes with white blossoms or flowers and after them pleasant clusters of many berries or grapes thicke set and trussed togither with in whiche berries or grapes are founde small graynes or kernelles whiche be the seede of the vine Vitis The manured vine †The Place The vine delighteth to growe vpon mountaynes that stande open to the South in hoate Countries and Regions as in Canarie and the Ilandes adioyning in Barbaria Spayne Greece Candie Sicile Italy and diuers other hoate Regions It groweth also in Fraunce and Almaigne by the riuer Rheyne and in some places of Netherland as Brabant Haynau and Liege but that which groweth in these lower Countries do bring foorth very smal or thin wines for none other cause but onely bycause the Sonne is not so vehement and the nightes be shorter For as Constantine Caesar writeth The Sonne must giue to the wine strength and vertue the night his sweetenesse and the Moone shine his rypenesse And therefore are the vines of Cananarie of Candie and other the lyke hoate Countries both sweete and strong for the Sonne shineth vehemently in those Countries and the nightes be longer then in this Countrie And for this consyderation the wine of Rheyne and of other the Septentrional or North Regions are weaker and not so sweete pleasant bycause the nights in those Countries be shorter the Sonne hath not so muche strength And for the same cause also it groweth not in Norweigh Swedlande Denmarke Westphale Prusse and other colde Countries for the nightes be there in sommer short and the power of the Sonne is but smal †The Time The vine flowreth in high and base Germanie or Almaigne about the beginning of Iune and the grapes be through ripe in September A moneth after that is to say in Octoker they presse foorth the wine and put it into hoggesheades and vessels fit for that purpose and therefore they call the moneth of October in Douche Wijnmaent †The Names The manured vine is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Vitis vinifera in high Douche Weinreb in base Almaigne Wijngaert in Englishe the garden or manured Vine or Grape †The Nature The leaues branches and tendrelles of the vine are colde drie and astringent and so be the greene berries or vnripe grapes but the ripe grapes are hoate and moyst in the first degree and the Raysen or dried grape is hoate and drie as witnesseth Galen †The Vertues The iuyce of the greene leaues branches and tendrels of the vine dronken is good for them that vomit or spet blood and is good against the bloddy flixe and for women with childe that are giuen to vomit The same vertue haue the branches and clasping tendrelles to be taken alone by them selues and so haue the kernelles that are found within the fruit to be boyled in water and dronken The same tagglettes or clasping tendrelles of the vine pound with parched barley meale are good to be applyed to the headache comming of heate and vpon the hoate vlcers of the stomacke The ashes of the drie boughes or cuttinges of the vine burnt and layde to with vineger do cure the excrescence swellings of the fundement the which must first be scarrified or pared The same dissolued in oyle of roses and vineger is good to be layde to the bitinges of Serpentes to dislocations or members out of ioynt and to the inflammation or heate of the splene or milte Greene grapes ingender windinesse in the belly and stomacke and do loose the belly The dryed Raysens are very good against the cough and all diseases of the lunges the kidneyes and the bladder They be
is lyke to the common Broome but not so strong Of Furze or Thorne Broome Chap. ix †The Description THE Furze or prickley Broome hath many twigges or smal branches of a wooddishe substance the whiche in the beginning being yet but young and tender are full of litle greene leaues amongst which grow small thornes the whiche be soft and tender and not very prickley but when as the twigges or branches are aboue one yere old then are they for the most part cleane without leaues and then do their thornes waxe harde and sharpe with cruel prickles Amongst the little small leaues are the flowers of a faynte or pale yellowe colour and in shape and proportion like to Broome flowers but muche smaller after the whiche come small coddes full of rounde reddishe seede The roote is long and plyant The plant whiche the Brabanders do call Gaspeldoren should seeme to be a kinde of thornie Broome the whiche is rough and very full of prickles and bringeth foorth straight springes or shutes of a wooddish substance and without leaues set thicke and ful of long sharpe pinnes or prickles very rough boysteous harde and pricking amongst which growe small yellowe flowers and afterwarde coddes like to the Broome flowers or coddes The rootes be long growing ouerthwartly in the ground and almost as plyant and limmer as the roote of Rest harrow or Cammocke Genistilla Thorne Broome Genista spinosa Furze †The Place Furze or thorne Broome groweth in vntoyled places by the way sides and is founde in in many places of Brabant and Englande The common or great Furze groweth also in the lyke places and is founde in certayne places of Campany Brabant Italy Fraunce Buscaye and Englande †The Time Thorne Broome flowreth in May and Iune At the same time flowreth the common Furze †The Names The firste plante is called of the later writers in Latine Genistella and Genestalla that is to say the small Broome in high Douche Erdtfrymmen of some Klein Streichblumen and Stechende Pfrymmen in base Almaigne Stekende Brem in Englishe Thornebroome And bycause the seconde kind in his flowers cods is like Broome it should therefore seeme to be a prickley and wilde kind of Broome wherfore it may be called in Latine Genista spinosa and Genista fyluestris they call it in Frenche Du ionc marin in base Almaigne Gaspeldoren in Englishe the common Whyn or great Furze This is not Tragacantha that is to say Hirci spina or Paliurus as some do thinke nor yet Nepa or Scorpius †The Nature Furze but especially the leaues are of nature drie and astringent †The Vertues The leaues of Furze boyled in wine or water and dronken do stop the excessiue course of womens flowers and the laske also The seede dronken in wine is good against the bitinges and stinginges of venemous beastes Of Cammocke / Reste Harrow / or Pety Whyn Chap. x. †The Description CAmmocke or ground Furze hath many small lythey or weake branches set full of swarte greene and roundish leaues and sharpe stiffe prickley thornes amongst whiche are sweete smelling flowers lyke Pease flowers or blowinges most commonly of a purple or carnatiō colour somtimes all white and sometimes yellowe lyke Broome flowers but that it is very seldome seene or found after the flowers come small coddes or huskes ful of brode flat seede The roote is long and very limmer spreading his brāches both large and long vnder the earth and doth oftentimes let hinder staye both the plough and Oxen in toyling the ground for they be so tough and limmer that the share colter of the plough cannot easily diuide and cut them asunder †The Place Cammocke or ground Furze is found in some places of Brabant and England about the borders of fertill feeldes and good pastures †The Tyme It flowreth most commonly in Iune Anonis †The Names This herbe is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Anonis Ononis of the later writers Arrestabouis Restabouis Remora aratri of some also Acutella of Cratenas Aegopyros in Frēch Arreste beuf in high Douch Hawhechel Ochsenbrech and Stalkraut in base Almaigne Prangwortel Stalcruyt in Englishe Rest Harrow Cammocke Whyn Pety Whyn or ground Furze †The Nature The roote of Rest Harrow is drie in the third degree and somwhat hoate †The Vertues The barke of the roote taken with hony prouoketh vrine and breaketh the stone The decoction or broth of the same sodde in wine and dronken hath the same vertue The same broth boyled in hony and vineger is good to be dronken against the falling euill as Plinie writeth The same boyled in water and vineger and holden in the mouth whyles it is is warme cureth the tooth ache The tender springes and croppes before they bring foorth leaues preserued and kept in brine or salt are good to be eatē in salades for they prouoke vrine and bring foorth the stone and grauell being sometimes vsed to be eaten Of Whortes and Whortelberies Chap. xi ¶ The Kindes There be two sortes of Whortes and Whortel beries wherof the common sort are blacke and the other are red Vacinia rubra Red Whortes Vacinia nigra Blacke Whortes †The Description THE plant which bringeth foorth blacke Whortes is base and lowe of a wooddish substance bringing forth many branches of the length of a foote or somwhat more the leaues be round of a darke greene colour lyke to the leaues of Boxe or Myrtel the which at the comming of winter do fall away as the leaues of other trees and at the spring time there come forth agayne new leaues out of the same brāches The flowers be round and holowe open before and grow alongest the branches amongst the leaues The fruite is round greene at the first then red and at the last when it is ripe it is blacke and ful of liquer of a good and pleasant taste The roote is slender long and souple Of this sorte there are founde some that beare white Berries when they be rype howbeit they are but seldome seene The plant that bringeth foorth red wortes in his growing and branches is like to that which beareth the blacke berries or whortes sauing that the leaues be greater and harder almost lyke the leaues of a great boxe bush they abide the winter without falling away or perishing The flowers be of a Carnation colour long and round and do growe in clusters at the toppe of the branches The fruite is red but els not muche vnlyke the other in taste rough and astringent or binding and not altogither so full of liquer as the blacke Whorte The roote is of a wooddy substance and long Amongst these Whortes or Whortel berries we may reckē those which the Germaynes or Almaignes doo call Veenbesien that is to say Marrishe or Fenberries of whiche the stalkes be smal short limmer tender creeping and almost layde flatte vpon the grounde beset and deckt with smal narrow leaues
hoate decoction of the leaues and tender branches of Tamarisk boyled in wine The decoction of the leaues made in water doth stay the superfluous course of womens flowers if they sit or bath in the same whiles it is hoate The same decoction made with the young shutes and leaues killeth the lice and nittes if the place whereas they be be washed therewithal The fruite of the great Tamarisk is good against the spetting of blood the superfluous course of womens flowers against the laske and bitinges of venemous beastes They vse this fruite in steede of Galles in medicines that are made for the disease of the mouth and eyes The barke of Tamarisk is of the same vertue as the fruite and is good to stoppe laskes and all issue of blood Of Heath Chap. xvi †The Kindes THere is in this Countrie two kindes of Heath one whiche beareth his flowers alongst the stemmes and is called lōg Heath The other bearing his flowers in tutteys or tuftes at the toppes of the branches the whiche is called smal Heath †The Description HEath is a wooddish plant ful of branches not much vnlyke the lesser Tamarisk but much smaller tenderer and lower it hath very small iagged leaues not much vnlyke the leaues of garden Cypres which is our Lauender Cotton but browner and harder The flowers be lyke smal knoppes or buttons parted in foure of a fayre carnation colour and sometimes but very seldome white growing alongst the branches from the middle vpwarde euen to the top The rootes be long and wooddishe and of a darke red colour The second kind of Heath is also a litle base plant with many litle twigges or small slender shutes comming from the roote of a reddishe browne colour Erica Heath Erica altera Smal Heath with very smal leaues in fashion not vnlike the leaues of common Thyme but muche smaller and tenderer the flowers growe at the toppe of the strigges or twigges fiue or sixe in a company togither hanging downewardes of colour Carnation and red of making long and rounde hollowe within and open at the ende lyke a litle tonnell smaller then a Cornell which is the fruite of a Cornell tree The roote is tender and creeping alongst and putteth foorth in diuers places many newe twigges or strigges †The Place Heath groweth vpon mountaynes that be drie hungrie and barren and in playnes wooddes and wildernesse †The Tyme The first kinde of Heath flowreth both at the beginning and the end of sommer vntyl September The seconde kinde flowreth about midsommer ⧠The Names Heath Hather and Lyng is called in high and base Almaigne Heyden and is thought of the later writers to be that plant which Dioscorides calleth in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Erice and Erica The smaller kinde also without doubt is a Heath and therfore it may truely be called in Latine Erica altera in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 †The Nature Both kindes of Heath haue a manifest and euident drynesse †The Vertues The iuyce of the leaues of Heath dropped into the eyes doth heale the paine of the same taketh away the rednesse and strengthneth the sight If Heath be the true Erica of Dioscorides the flowers and leaues thereof are good to be layed vpon the bitinges and stingings of Serpentes and such lyke venemous beastes The learned Matthiolus in his Commentaries vppon Dioscorides lib. j. doubteth not of this plant but that it is Erica of Dioscorides wherevnto he hath set two other figures of strange Heath sent vnto him by one Gabriel Falloppius a learned Physition Moreouer he commendeth muche the decoction of our common Heath made with fayre water to be dronkē warme both morning and euening in the quantitie of fiue vnces three houres before meate agaynst the stone in the bladder so that it be vsed by the space of thirtie dayes but at the last the patient must enter into a bath made of the decoction of Heath whiles he is in the said bath he must sit vpon some of the Heath that made the foresayde bath the which bath must be oftentimes repeted and vsed for by the vse of the sayd bath and diet or decoction he hath knowen many to be holpen so that the stone hath come from them in very small peeces Also Turner sayth that for the diseases of the milte it were better to vse the barkes of Heath in steede of Tamarisk then the barke of Quickbeme Tur. li. 1. fol. 210. li. 2. fol 59. Of Cotton or Bombace Chap. xvij †The Description THis plant is but a shrub or low tree that groweth not very high the leaues be brode with deepe cuttes or slittes smaller then vine leaues but els somwhat lyke The flowers be yellowe and somewhat purple in the middes iagged about the edges The fruite is almost lyke to Fylbeardes brode and flat and full of fayre white cotton or the downe that we call Bombace in whiche the seede lyeth hydden †The Place Cotton tree groweth in Egypt and the Indias and is planted in Candie Maltha and other suche Countries †The Names Cotton is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and also in Latine Xylum and Gossipium in shoppes Cotum Bombax and Bombasum in high Douche Baumwol in base Almaigne Boomwolle †The Nature The seede of Cotton is hoate and moyst as Serapio saith Xylon †The Vertues The seede of Cotton swageth the cough and is good agaynst all colde diseases of the breast augmenteth naturall strength and encreaseth the seede of generation Of Capers Chap. xviij †The Description THE Caper is a prickley plant or bush almost lyke the Bramble with many shutes or brāches spread abrode stretched alongst the grounde vppon whiche do grow hard sharpe and crooked prickles with blackishe rounde leaues standing one against another not muche vnlyke the leaues of Asarabacca or folefoote or the leaues of a Quince tree as Dioscorides saith but muche rounder Amōgst the leaues spring vp smal knops or buds the whiche do open into faire starrelyke flowers of a pleasant smell or sauour afterwardes commeth the fruite whiche is long round smaller then an Olyue hath in it smal cornes or kernelles lyke to them in the Pomgranate as Turner saith The roote is long and wooddishe couered with a white thicke barke or rinde whereof they vse in Physicke Capparis †The Place Capers growe in rough vntoyled places in stony sandy grounde and in hedges and it groweth plentifully in Spayne Italy Arabia and other such hoate Countries it groweth not in this Countrie but the fruite and flowers are knowen vnto vs bycause they be brought to vs from Spayne preserued in bryne or salt ⧠The Names Capers are called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and in Latine Capparis of some also 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Cynosbatos that is to say in Latine Rubus Canis and Sentis Canis in high Douche Capperen in base Almaigne Cappers ¶ The Nature The Capers that grow in
womens natural sicknesse to be taken by it selfe or with Penny Ryal or put vnder in manner of a pessarie or mother suppositorie They minge it profitably amongst Oyles and oyntmentes that are made to heate mollifie and heale the harde or stiffe members that are waxen dead asleepe benummed or weried it cureth also the cliftes or riftes of the fundement and great gut being layde to with water Agnus Castus is good against al venemous beastes it chaseth and driueth away al Serpents and other venemous beastes from the place where as it is strowed or burned it healeth all bitinges and stinginges of the same if it be layde vpon the place greeued the lyke vertue hath the seede thereof dronken It helpeth the hardnesse stoppinges apostumations and vlcers of the matrix if wemen be caused to sit in the decoction or broth thereof The leaues therof with butter do dissolue and swage the swellinges of the genitours or coddes being layde therevnto Some write that if such as iourney or trauell do carrie a branche or rod of Agnus Castus in their hand it wil keepe them both frō chauffing werinesse Of Coriers Sumach Chap. xxvij †The Description SVmach groweth lyke a busshie shrub about the height of a man bringing foorth diuers branches vpon which grow long soft heary or veluet leaues with a red stem or sinewe in the middle the whiche vppon euery syde hath sixe or seuen litle leaues standing one against another toothed and snipt about the edges lyke the leaues of Agrimonie whervnto these leaues are muche lyke the flowers growe amongst the leaues vppon long stemmes or footestalkes clustering togither lyke the Cattes tayles or blowinges of the Nut tree of a white greene colour The seede is flat and red growing in rounde beries clustering togither lyke grapes †The Place It groweth abundantly in Spayne and other hoate Countries It is not found in this Countrie but amongst certayne diligent Herboristes †The Tyme Sumach flowreth in this Countrie in Iuly Rhus Coriaria †The Names This plant is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and of Hyppocrates 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Rhus of some Rhos of the Arabian Apothecaries and Physitions Sumach in Brabant of the Corriers and Leather dressers which for the most part do trimme and dresse Leather like Spanishe skinnes Smack in Englishe Sumach and Leather Sumach or Coriers Sumack The seede of this Rhus is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Rhus obsoniorum in Englishe Meate Sumach and Sauce Sumach The leaues are called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Rhus Coriaria and with the same leaues they dresse and tanne skinnes in Spayne and Italy as our Tanners do with the Barke of Oke †The Nature The leaues iuyce and beries of Sumach are colde in the seconde degree and drie in the thirde degree and of a strong binding power ⧠The Vertues The leaues of Sumach haue the same power as Acatia hath wherefore they stop the laske and the disordered course of womens flowers with al other issue of blood to be first boyled in water or wine and dronken The water wherein the same leaues haue bene boyled stoppeth the laske and blooddy flixe to be powred in as a glister or to bathe in the same decoction it drieth vp also the running water filth of the eares when it is dropped into the same and it maketh the heare blacke that is washed in the same decoction or broth The seede of Sumach eaten in sauces with meate doth also stop all flures of the belly with the blooddy flixe and womens flowers especially the white flowers The same layde vpon newe bruses and squattes that are blacke and blew greene woundes and newehurtes defendeth the same from inflammation or deadly burning appostumation or euil swelling also from exulceration The same pounde with Oken coales and layd to the Hemeroydes or flowing blood of the fundamēt healeth drieth vp the same The same vertue hath the decoction of the leaues or seede to wash or bathe the Hemeroydes therein Of Lycores Chap. xxviij Glycyrrhiza Radix dulcis Lycoryse Glycyrrhiza communis Radix Scythica Common Lycorise †The Description LYcoryse hath straight twigges and branches of three or foure foote high set with brownishe leaues made of many smal leaues standing neare togither alongst the stemmes one directly against another lyke the leaues of the Masticke tree Tragium or bastarde Dyctam the flowers growe vpon short stemmes betwixt the leaues and the branches clustering togither lyke to small pellettes or balles the which being past there foloweth rounde rough prickley heades made of diuers rough huskes clustered or set thicke togither in whiche is conteyned a flat seede The roote is long and straight yellow within and browne without not much vnlyke the fashion of the roote of Gentian but sweete in taste There is another kinde of Licoryse whose stalkes and leaues be like to the aforesayde but the flowers and coddes thereof growe not so thicke clustering togither in round heades or knoppes but they grow togither lyke the flowers of Spike vpon small footestemmes or lyke the flowers of Galega or that kind of wilde Fetche whiche some iudge to be Onobrychis or Medica Ruellij in Frenche Sainct Foin The rootes of this Lycorise grow not straight but trauersing ouerthwart with many branches of a brownishe colour without and yellowe within in taste sweete yea sweeter then the aforesayde †The Place Lycoryse as Dioscorides sayth groweth in Pontus and Cappadocia The seconde sort is founde in certayne places of Italy and Germanie In this Countrie they growe not of them selues but planted in the gardens of some Herboriftes but the seconde sort is best knowen †The Tyme Lycoryse flowreth in Iuly and in September the seede is rype ⧠The Names Lycoryse is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Dulcis radix and Dulci radix in Shoppes Liquiritia in high Douche Suszholtz and Suszwurtsel in base Almaigne Suethout Galissihout and Calissihout in Frenche Riglice Rigoliste and Erculisse The first kinde of Lycorise or Glycyrrhiza whereof Dioscorides writeth may very well be called Glycyrrhiza vera or Dioscorides Glycyrrhiza that is Dioscorides Lycorise and the right Licorise The second is Glycyrrhiza communis or Glycyrrhyza Germanica the which Lycoryse is common in the shops of this Countrie This is that roote whiche Theophrastus calleth 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and of Plinie Radix Scythica Also this is the roote called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Alimos without aspiration †The Nature Lycorise is temperate in heate and moysture †The Vertues The roote of Lycorise is good against the rough harshnesse of the throte and breast it openeth and dischargeth the lunges that be stufte or loden ripeth the cough and bringeth foorth fleme being chewed and kept a certayne space in the mouth The iuyce of the roote hath the same vertue to be taken for
〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is to say in Latine Cornus foemina in Englishe the female Cornel tree Houndes tree and Hounde berie or Dogge berie tree and the Pricke timber tree bycause Butchers vse to make prickes of it in high Douche Hartriegel it is called in Brabant of some Wilden Vlier that is to say Wylde Elder bycause the pith of the young shutes is somewhat like Elder Matthiolus calleth it Virga sanguinea †The Nature The garden or tame Cornell tree or fruite is colde drie and astringent †The Vertues The Cornell fruite of the garden taken in meate or otherwise is good against the laske and bloody flixe also they doo strengthen the weake and hoat stomacke The leaues and tender croppes will heale greene woundes and stoppe the bleeding of the same as Galen saith The wilde Cornell Berries are not vsed in medicine Of the Sorbe tree Chap. lij †The Kindes THere be three sortes of Sorbus wherof one kinde is rounde like Apples the second is long after the fashion of Egges and the thirde sorte is brode in the bottome and not muche vnlyke the Peares †The Description THE Sorbe apple tree groweth high with a straight body or stemme of a brownishe colour and many branches couered with long displaied leaues which leaues are made of many slender leaues standing ryght ouer one against another all vppon one stemme whereof eche of the litle leaues by them selues are lōg and iagde about lyke to a sawe The flowers be white after them commeth the fruite in figure sometimes rounde sometimes long and somtimes lyke to a Peare and red vpon the syde next the Sonne ¶ The Place The Sorbus tree delighteth in colde and moyst places vppon mountaynes but cheefely in stony places It is founde in some places of Douchelande †The Tyme The Sorbus tree flowreth in March and his fruite is ripe in September Sorbus Sorbe Apple tree †The Names The tree whervpon this fruite groweth is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Sorbus in Englishe Sorbe Apple tree and for the rest of the kindes of this tree I referre you to the second part of Maister Turners herbal fol. 143. This tree is called in high Douche Sperwerbaum and in base Almaigne Sorbenboom The fruite is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Sorbum in Englishe Sorbe Apple in Frenche Corme or Sorbe in high Douche Spiereling vnd Sporapfel in base Almaigne Sorben †The Nature The Sorbus fruite is colde drie and astringent almost lyke to the Medlers †The Vertues The Sorbe Apples gathered before they be rype dryed in the Sonne or otherwise doo stoppe the laske when they be eaten or the decoction of them dronken To conclude the Sorbe Apples or Seruice beries are muche lyke to Medlers in vertue and operation sauing that they be not althing so strong The barke of one kinde of Sorbus whiche is our Quickbeme is in some places wrongfully vsurped in steede of the barke of Tamariske for the diseases of the milte Some also haue vsed to make disshes and drinking Cuppes of the tymber of Quickbeme to drinke out of as a remedie agaynst the Splene but they are deceiued for they shoulde make them of Tamariske timber Of the Arbute or Strawherie tree Chap. liij †The Description THE Arbute is a small tree not muche bygger then a Quince tree the stemme or body whereof is couered with a reddish barke which is rough and scaly The young branches are smooth and redde set full of long broade and thicke leaues hackt rounde about like a sawe The flowers be white smal holow and doo growe in clusters after whiche commeth the fruite which is rounde and of the fashion of a Strawherie greene at the first but afterwarde yellowishe and at lastred when it is ripe ¶ The Place The Arbute tree groweth in many places of Italy and other Countries wild but it is vnknoin this Countrie †The Tyme The Arbute tree flowreth in Iuly and August the fruit is ripe in September at the comming in of winter after that it hath remained hanging vpon the tree by the space of a whole yere Arbutus ⧠The Names This tree is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Arbutus of some Vnedo howbeit that name agreeth best with the fruite in Frenche Arbousier in Englishe the Arbute tree and of some Strawberie tree The fruiteis called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or as some write 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Vnedo and Memaecylon in Frenche Arboses or Arbousies †The Nature The fruite of the Arbute tree is of a colde temperature †The Danger The fruite of the Arbute tree hurteth the stomacke and causeth headache Of Lotus or Nettle tree Chap. liiij †The Description LOtus is a great high tree spreading abrode his branches whiche be long and large The leaues be also large and rough cut round about the edges after the maner of a sawe The fruite is rounde and bigger then Pepper as Dioscorides writeth hanging vpon long stemmes at the first greene then yellowe and blacke when it is rype and drie and of a pleasant taste and sauour †The Place Lotus groweth plentifully in Africa and is founde also in many places of Italy and Languedoc †The Tyme The fruite of Lotus is ripe in September then it leeseth his leaues and recouereth agayne newe togither with his flowers in the spring time †The Names This tree is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Lotus Celtis in some places of Italy Bagolaro of some Perlaro in Languedoc Micocoulier and the fruite Micocoules Gesner saith that Celtis is called in French Algsiez or Ledomier Peter Bellon calleth it also in French Fregolier Matthiolus saith that the Arabians call this tree Sadar Sedar or Alsadar the Italians Loto Albero the Spaniardes Almez Turner calleth it in English Lote tree or Nettle tree bycause it hath a leafe lyke a Netle Cooper in his Dictionarie sayth that the fruite of Celtis or Lotos is called in Latine Faba Graeca †The Nature The drie Lotus is restrictiue and of subtil partes Lotus †The Vertues The shauinges or scrapinges of the shiuers or wood of Lotus boyled in water or wine stoppeth the laske the blooddy flixe and womens flowers or the flixe of the mother to be eyther dronken or taken in infuson The fruite doth also stop the belly and is good to be eaten without hurt to the stomacke Of the Chesnut tree Chap. lv †The Description THE Chesnut tree is a very great high thicke tree not much vnlike the Walnut tree The leaues be great large rough and crompled snipt or iagged about like a saw amongst the leaues at the top of the branches grow the Chesnuttes whiche are browne without somewhat flat almost after the fashion of a hart and playne and smooth pollished they be also inclosed in shelles and very rough and prickley huskes lyke to a
laide to with Tarre and Waxe do soften ripe and consume away by the pores harde swellinges and botches about the secrete partes other such rebellious impostemes cold swellinges The same leaues and fruite with Frankensence doo cure olde vlcers and sores and great corrupt and euill impostemes They also cure the felons or noughtie sores which rise about the toppes of toes and fingers endes to be layde to with Arsenik The seede of Missell pounde with wine lyes doth cure and waste the hardnesse of the Milt or splene to be applyed to the syde They say also that the wood of Misselto that groweth vpon the Okes and not vpon any other tree is very good against the falling euyll and Apoplexie to be hange about the necke of the Patient Of the Ashe tree Chap. lxx †The Kindes AFter the mind of Theophrastus there be two kindes of Ashe the one called the Ashe tree without any other addition The other is called the wilde Ashe or white Ashe Fraxinus The Ashe tree Fraxinus bubula Ornus Wilde Ashe †The Description THE Ashe is a great high tree with many branches whereof the young and newe sprong branches are ful of white pith or a certayne soft substance and they haue sundrie ioyntes but when they waxe great and olde those ioyntes are lost and the pith is conuerted into timber The barke of this tree especially whereas it delighteth best to growe is gray and smooth but in other places it waxeth rough The leaues be great long large spread abrode after the fashion of winges made of many smal leaues growing one against another all alongst one stemme or rib whereof eache little leafe is long somewhat snipt round about the edges The fruite of the Ashe hangeth togitherr in clusters and is nothing els but litle narrow huskes wherein lieth the seede whiche is bitter The wilde Ashe also sometimes groweth to a great tree but nothing lyke to the Ashe for it is much smaller and flow in growing vp whiche is the cause that it is found so smal The rinde or barke therof is browne almost like to the Aller rinde The leaues be great long many growing alongst by one stem rough and somwhat heary much like to the leaues of Sorbe Apple tree The flowers be white and growe in tuffets the whiche do turne into rounde beries greene at the first but afterwarde red and of an vnpleasant taste †The Place The Ashe delighteth in moyst places as about the brinkes and borders of riuers and running streames The wilde Ashe groweth vppon high mountaynes and also in shadowy wooddes †The Tyme The Ashe seede is ripe at the ende of September The wilde Ashe flowreth in May the fruite thereof is ripe in September †The Names The first tree is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Fraxinus in English Ashe in Frenche Fresne in high Douche Eschernbaum Eschernholtz and Steyneschern in base Almaigne Esschen and Esschenboom The huskes or fruite thereof are called in shoppes Lingua auis and Lingua passerina in English Kytekayes The second kind is called of Theophrastus in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Gaza calleth it in Latine Fraximus bubula Plinie and Columella calleth it Ornus and Fraxinus syluestris some of the later writers calleth it Fraxinea arbor and some call it Sorbus aucuparia aswell bycause it hath leaues lyke vnto the Sorbe tree as also bycause the Birders and Fowlers doo vse the fruite thereof as baite to take Birdes withal in English Quickebeame feelde Ashe wild Ashe and white Ashe in Frenche Fresne Champestre or sauuage in high Douche Malbaum and grosser Malbaum in base Almaigne Haueresschen and Qualster †The Nature The leaues and rinde of the Ashe are of a temperate heate subtill partes or substance The seede is hoate and drie in the seconde degree The wilde Ashe leaues be also hoate and drie and of subtill partes †The Vertues The leaues and barkes of the Ashe tree boyled in wine and dronken doo open and comfort the liuer splene being stopped and doo heale the disease of the sides They haue the same vertue to be boyled in oyle and layde to the side The leaues and barke with the tender croppes of the Ashe tree are good to be taken in the same maner against the dropsie for they purge the water For suche as are to grosse or far they vse to geue dayly three or foure ashen leaues to drinke in wine to the intent to make them leane The iuyce of the leaues barke and tender croppes of the Ashe dronken in wine preserueth from al venome especially against the bitinges and stingings of Serpentes and Vipers They say that the Ashe is of so great force against poyson that in the circutie or shadowe of the same there hath not bene knowen any maner of venemous beast to abyde The lye that is made with the ashes of the barkes of the Ashe tree cureth the white scurffe and suche other lyke roughnesse of the skinne The seede of the Ashe tree prouoketh vrine increaseth naturall seede and stirreth vp Venus especially being takē with a Nutmegge as Isaac Rhasis Damascenus and many other Arabian Phisitions do write The leaues of the wilde Ashe tree boyled in wine are good against the payne of the syde and the stopping of the liuer And to be taken in the same maner they slake the bellyes of suche as haue the dropsie Of the kindes of Popler and Aspe Chap. lxxi †The Kindes THe Popler is of three sortes as winesseth Plinie the one is called white the other blacke and the thirde is called Aspe the which three kindes are very common in this Countrie Populus alba White Popler Populus nigra Blacke Popler Populus Lybica Aspe †The Description THE white Popler tree waxeth high great thick The timber wherof is white and not very harde to be wrought The barke is smooth and whitishe especially on the branches The leaues be rounde with poynted corners white soft and woolly vpon one side and playne smooth greene vpon the other side Before it putteth foorth leaues it beareth long woollishe tagglettes or Cattekens of colour almost incarnate The blacke Popler also groweth high great and thicke The barke wherof is smooth but browner The leaues be somewhat long and brode beneath towardes the stemme and sharpe at the top a litle snipt about the edges but they be neither white smooth nor wollish The Cattekens or tagglets of these doo turne into clusters with many round beries The buddes which breake foorth before the leaues are of a sweete sauour by reason of a certaine yellowish clammie oyle or grease which is contayned within them of which is made the oyntment called Populeum The Ratling or trembling Aspe is somewhat like to the blacke Popler it waxeth as great as any of the other twayne The ragges or Catkens of these are longer and browner then the others almost graye or Ashe colour browne The leaues be somewhat roundishe broade
good for to washe the teeth agaynst the tooth ache The young and tender leaues wel pounde are good to be layde vpon swellinges and inflammations and do stop the running watering of the eyes Of the Aller Chap. lxxv †The Description THE Aller is a high great tree with many branches the whiche wyll breake quickely and will not lightly ploy nor bende The rinde of this tree is browne The timber is meetely harde and will last a long season vnder water yea longer then any other kinde of timber And therefore they make piles and postes for to lay fundations in fennes soft marrish grounds also they are very good to make pipes condites and troughes for the leading along and carriage of water vnder grounde but aboue ground water wil soone rot and consume it This timber waxeth red assoone as it is spoyled of his rinde and lykewyse when it is old and dry The leaues be somwhat clammie to handle as though they were wet with hony of fashion roundish and somewhat wrinckled not muche vnlyke the leaues of the Hasell nuttes The blowinges of Alder are long tagglets almost like to the blowinges of Birche The fruite is round lyke to small Oliue beris and compacte or made of diuers scales set close togither the which being ripe and dry do open so as the seede whiche is within them falleth out and is lost Alnus †The Place The Aller delighteth to growe in low moyst woods and waterish places †The Time The Aller beginneth to bud and to bring foorth newe leaues in Aprill as other trees do The fruite is ripe in September ⧠The Names The Aller or Alder is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and in Latine Alnus in high Douche Erlenbaum and Ellernbaum in base Almaigne Elsenboom in Frenche Aulne †The Nature The barke and leaues of Alder are cold drie and astringent †The Vertues The barke or rinde of Alder bycause of his astringent power may be good against the impostumes and swellinges of the throte and kernelles or Almondes vnder the tongue euen as well as the shales or greene pilles of Walnuttes But as yet it hath not bene vsed by any sauing onely for the dyeing of certayne course cloth and cappes into a blacke colour for the whiche purpose it is very fit The leaues be much vsed against hoate swellinges vlcers and al inwarde inflammations Of the Beeche tree Chap. lxxvi †The Description THe Beeche is a great high thicke tree whose leaues be soft thinne playne smooth and meetely large almost like the leaues of Popler but smaller The blossoms therof are nought els but smal yellowish Catkens smaller then the Catkens of Birche but otherwise like The fruite is triangled or three cornered Nuttes in whiche are sweete kernels These Nuttes be couered ouer with prickly huskes or shales from out of whiche they fall downe when they be ripe ¶ The Place The Beeche loueth a playne open Countrie and moysture †The Tyme The Beeche bloweth and breaketh foorth into newe leaues at the ende of Aprill or Maye The Nuttes be ripe in September euen with the Chesnuttes ⧠The Names The Beeche tree is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Fagus in Frenche Fouteau in high Douche Buchbaum or Buche in base Almaigne Bueckenboē The fruite is nowe called in Latine Nuces Fagi in Frenche Faine in base Almaigne Buecken nootkens in English Beeche maste †The Nature The leaues of Beech do coole The kernell of the fruite is somewhat moyst and warme Fagus †The Vertues The leaues of Beeche are very profitably layde to the beginning of hoate swellinges blisters and vlcers The water that is found in the holownesse of Beeches doth cure the noughtie scurffe and wilde tetters or scabbes of men and horses kyne and sheepe if they be washed therewithall Men doo not yet gather these Nuttes for mans vse yet they be sweete and good for to eate and they doo almost serue to all those purposes wherevnto the Nuttes of the Pine apple kernelles doo serue Of Birche tree Chap. lxxvij †The Description THe Birche doth often grow to a great high tree with many branches which haue many smal roddes or twigges very limber and pliant and most commonly hanging downewarde and will abyde to be bowed easily any way that one list The barke of the young twigges and branches is playne and smooth and full of sappe and of the colour of a Chesnut but the barke of the body and greatest branches of the tree is harde without white rough vneuen and broken or clouen vpon the branches that be of a meane sise or quantitie the barke or rind is somwhat speckled vnder the same barke next ioyning to the wood or timber there is founde another barke that is playne and smooth as paper so that in times past it was vsed to write vppon before that Paper or Parchement were knowen or inuented The leaues are meetely brode and somwhat snipt about smaller thē Beechen leaues but otherwise not muche vnlyke The Birche tree hath tagglettes or Chattons for his blossome lyke as the Hasell but much smaller in whiche the seede commeth ¶ The Place Birche groweth in wooddes and heathes and drie commons and also alongest the borders of Corne feeldes †The Tyme Birche putteth foorth his new leaues in Aprill in September his small Catkens and seede is ripe ⧠The Names Birche is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Betula in Frenche Bouleau in high Douch Birkēbaum in base Almaigne Berckenboom †The Nature and Vertues Birche is not vsed in medicine wherfore his nature and vertues are not knowen in old time they vsed the inner thin barke of Birche in steede of Paper the young twigges and branches thereof to make roddes and besoms as they doo at this day Betula Birche Of blacke Aller Chap. lxxviij †The Description THE blacke Aller groweth not lyke a tree neyther waxeth it very great but it bringeth foorth many long straight roddes whiche doo diuide them selues agayne in other small twigges couered with a thinne blacke rinde vnder the whiche there is founde another yellowish rinde The timber or wood of these twigges is whitish with a browne red pith in the midle The leaues be brode lyke the leaues of Aller almost lyke to Cherrie tree leaues but rounder and browner The litle flowers be whitish after which come vp round beries which are greene at the first but afterwards red and blacke when they are dried of a strange vnpleasant taste ¶ The Place This kinde of wood groweth in lowe wooddes and moyst places †The Tyme It flowreth in April and the beries be ripe in August †The Names This plant is called of the Brabanders Sporckenhout and of the chyldren of this Countrie Pijlhout that is to say bolt timber or arrow wood bycause they make Arrowes with it to shoote withall in high Douch Faulbaum and Leuszbaum of some of the later writers in Latine Alnus nigra that is to say
†The Description MAple groweth somtimes lyke a tree both high and thicke with many great branches sometimes it groweth lowe lyke a shrub The barke is thicke and somewhat white The timber is harde and garnished with long streaming waues or water vaynes The leaues be brode with fiue peakes or corners lyke the leaues of Ople bushe or Dwarffe Plane tree but smaller and greener very lyke the leaues of Sanicle The fruite is long flat and thinne almost lyke to a feather of a small birde or lyke the whing of a grashopper †The Place Maple groweth in wooddes where as it commeth to a great tree and alongst by diches and running streames where as it is but small †The Time It bloweth in Maye and the seede is ripe in September †The Names This tree is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Acer and it shoulde be that kind which is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is to say Campestris and of some as Theophrastus writeth 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of Plinie Gallica in Englishe Maple in Frenche Erable in high Douch Maszholder in Brabant Booghout and Vlierhout †The Vertues The rootes of Maple pounde in wine and dronken are good against the paynes in the syde as Serenus Sāmonicu hath written Aceris species Folio minori Of the Iuniper tree Chap. lxxxij †The Kindes THere be two fortes of Iuniper as Dioscorides writeth whereof the one kinde groweth great and high The other kind remayneth smal and low and is well knowen in this Countrie †The Description THE smal and common Iuniper sometimes groweth vp and waxeth to the stature of some other trees but most commonly it remayneth lowe and groweth like a shrub or hedge plant The branches of this Iuniper are couered with a thinne barke the which will soone riue or cleeue asunder especially in hoate Countries after whiche chopping or chinking of the barke there commeth foorth a gumme or liquor lyke Frankensence The leaues be litle small and hard growing alongst the stalkes and branches are alwayes greene without falling of in winter The fruite is rounde litle beries whiche be greene at the first and afterward blacke of a good sauour and sweet in taste whiche at length waxe bitter The great Iuniper is a great high tree and beareth beries as great as Filberdes and sometimes as great as Walnuttes as Dioscorides writeth †The Place Iuniper is found vpō high mountaynes in shadowy woods low holow wayes it loueth a cold stony ground †The Tyme In the moneth of Maye there ariseth out of Iuniper a certayne yellow powder or dust which is taken for the blowing or flower of Iuniper after that you shal perceiue the smal beries to begin to grow vp the whiche do waxe ripe in September a yere after that they begin first to grow vp Therefore ye shal finde vpon the Iuniper tree beries both ripe and vnripe great and small al togither ⧠The Names Iuniper is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and of some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Iuniperus in Frenche Ienéure or Genéure in high Douch Weckholder and Weckholterbaum in Brabant Geneuer The beries be called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Baccae Iuniperi in shops Grana Iuniperi in Englishe Iuniper beries in Frenche Graines de Genéure in high Douch Weckholterbeeren and Kromerbeeren The gumme whiche sweateth out of this tree and his barke is called in shops Vernix and in some places not without great and dangerous errour Sandaraca for the right Sandaraca is a gnawing and venemous substance whiche is founde in the mines of mettalles wherevnto this gumme is nothing lyke Iuniperus †The Nature The Iuniper tree with all his partes as leaues barke timber fruite and gumme is of complexion hoate and drie †The Vertues The fruite or beries of Iuniper is good for the stomacke lunges liuer and kidneyes it cureth the olde cough the gripinges and windinesse of the belly and prouoketh vrine to be boyled in wine or honied water and dronken Also it is good for people that be brused or squat by falling to be taken in the aforesayde manner The iuyce of the leaues doth withstand al venome especially of Vipers and Serpentes it is good to drinke the same and to lay it outwardly vppon the woundes The fruite is good for the same purpose to be taken in what sort so euer ye list Iuniper or the beries thereof burned driueth away all venemous beastes and all infection and corruption of the ayre wherefore it is good to be burned in a plague time in suche places where as the ayre is infected The rind or barke of Iuniper burned healeth the noughtie scurffe and fretting scabbes to be mingled with water and layde thereto The gumme of Iuniper is good for them whose stomackes and bowelles are combred with colde flegmes it expelleth all sortes of wormes and stayeth the inordinate course of womens flowers The parfume of Vernix is good for the brayne drieth vp the superfluous humors of the head and stoppeth the falling downe of reume or humors from the same This gumme tempered with Oyle of Roses helpeth the riftes cones or chappinges of the handes and feete Of Cedar tree Chap. lxxxiij ¶ The Kindes THere be two sortes of Cedar great small The smal fruite also is of two sortes the one with sharpe prickley leaues like Iuniper the other are not prickley at all †The Description THE great Cedar waxeth very stowte tall high great thicke yea greater higher then the figge tree The barke euen from the foote of the stem vnto the first branches is rough and from thence foorth euen vp to the toppe is very smoth playne of a darke blew colour out of which there droppeth white Rosen of his owne kind which is moyst and odoriferant or sweete smelling the which by the heate of sonne becommeth dry and harde His limmes and branches be long and stretched out into length breadth and parted into many other small branches standing directly or right one against another lyke as in the Firre tree The sayde branches be clad and garnished with many smal litle leaues thicke short and sweete smelling like the leaues of Larix or Larche tree The fruit is like that of the Firre tree sauing that it is greater thicker harder the tree groweth straight vpright like the Firre tree as the paineful diligent Peter Belon hath written From the tronke or stemme of the Cedar tree there commeth foorth a certayne cleare liquor which the olde writers called Cedria Oxycedrus The first kind of the smaller Cedar is much like to Iuniper but most cōmonly it is somwhat smaller The stem is croked or writhed couered with a rough barke The fruit is round beries like Iuniper beries but somwhat greater in colour at the first greene then yellow at last reddish of an indifferent good tast The second kind of smal Cedar groweth not high but remayneth alwayes