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render_v these_o experiment_n troublesome_a that_o whether_o i_o make_v they_o in_o large_a receiver_n or_o in_o small_a or_o in_o middle-sized_a one_o each_o of_o these_o case_n have_v its_o inconvenience_n for_o very_o large_a receiver_n beside_o that_o it_o be_v very_o toilsome_a and_o tedious_a to_o empty_v they_o of_o air_n require_v so_o much_o time_n for_o the_o exhaustion_n that_o too_o frequent_o by_o that_o time_n the_o operator_n have_v do_v pump_v the_o include_v iron_n or_o other_o heat_a body_n be_v grow_v too_o cold_a to_o perform_v the_o desire_a effect_n and_o if_o the_o receiver_n be_v not_o considerable_o large_a than_o the_o red-hot_a iron_n or_o other_o include_v body_n that_o be_v to_o burn_v the_o combustible_a matter_n will_v much_o endanger_v the_o break_n of_o the_o overheat_v glass_n and_o not_o afford_v room_n enough_o for_o some_o phaenomena_n to_o be_v fair_o exhibit_v in_o and_o
to_o usher_v in_o with_o a_o compliment_n to_o i_o that_o i_o shall_v be_v very_o vain_a if_o i_o look_v upon_o as_o any_o thing_n more_o than_o a_o compliment_n to_o his_o first_o objection_n propose_v in_o these_o word_n 139._o word_n 139._o primò_fw-la enim_fw-la si_fw-la haec_fw-la solutio_fw-la verè_fw-la mechanica_fw-la sit_fw-la quae_fw-la tandem_fw-la causa_fw-la verè_fw-la mechanica_fw-la assignari_fw-la potest_fw-la gravitationis_fw-la singularum_fw-la particularum_fw-la totiúsque_fw-la atmosphaerae_fw-la in_o suis_fw-la locis_fw-la nam_fw-la quod_fw-la materiam_fw-la subtilem_fw-la attinet_fw-la etc._n etc._n i_o answer_v that_o i_o do_v not_o in_o that_o book_n intend_v to_o write_v a_o whole_a systeme_n or_o so_o much_o as_o the_o element_n of_o natural_a philosophy_n but_o have_v sufficient_o prove_v that_o the_o air_n we_o live_v in_o be_v not_o devoid_a of_o weight_n and_o be_v endow_v with_o a_o elastical_a power_n or_o springiness_n i_o endeavour_v by_o those_o two_o principle_n to_o explain_v the_o phaenomena_n exhibit_v in_o our_o engine_n and_o particular_o that_o now_o under_o debate_n without_o recourse_n to_o a_o fuga_fw-la vacui_fw-la or_o the_o anima_fw-la mundi_fw-la or_o any_o such_o unphysical_a principle_n and_o since_o such_o kind_n of_o explication_n have_v be_v of_o late_a general_o call_v mechanical_a in_o respect_n of_o their_o be_v ground_v upon_o the_o law_n of_o the_o mechanic_n i_o that_o do_v not_o use_v to_o contend_v about_o name_n suffer_v they_o quiet_o to_o be_v so_o and_o to_o entitle_v my_o now_o examine_a explication_n to_o be_v mechanical_a as_o far_o as_o i_o pretend_v and_o in_o the_o usual_a sense_n of_o that_o expression_n i_o be_o not_o oblige_v to_o treat_v of_o the_o cause_n of_o gravity_n in_o general_a since_o many_o proposition_n of_o archimedes_n stevinus_n and_o those_o other_o that_o have_v write_v of_o staticks_n be_v confess_v to_o be_v mathematical_o or_o mechanical_o demonstrate_v though_o those_o author_n do_v not_o take_v upon_o they_o to_o assign_v the_o true_a cause_n of_o gravity_n but_o take_v it_o for_o grant_v as_o a_o thing_n universal_o acknowledge_v that_o there_o be_v such_o a_o quality_n in_o the_o body_n they_o treat_v of_o and_o if_o in_o each_o of_o the_o scale_n of_o a_o ordinary_a and_o just_a balance_n a_o pound_n weight_n for_o instance_n be_v put_v he_o that_o shall_v say_v that_o the_o scale_n hang_v still_o in_o aequilibrium_fw-la because_o the_o equal_a weight_n counterpoise_v one_o another_o and_o in_o case_n a_o ounce_n be_v put_v into_o one_o of_o the_o scale_n and_o not_o into_o the_o opposite_a he_o that_o shall_v say_v that_o the_o load_v scale_n be_v depress_v because_o it_o be_v urge_v by_o a_o great_a weight_n than_o the_o other_o will_v be_v think_v to_o have_v give_v a_o mechanical_a explication_n of_o the_o aequilibrium_fw-la of_o the_o scale_n and_o their_o lose_v it_o though_o he_o can_v give_v a_o true_a cause_n why_o either_o of_o those_o scale_n tend_v towards_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n since_o then_o the_o assign_v of_o the_o true_a cause_n of_o gravity_n be_v not_o require_v in_o the_o staticks_n themselves_o though_o one_o of_o the_o principal_a and_o most_o know_v of_o the_o mechanical_a discipline_n why_o may_v not_o other_o proposition_n and_o account_n that_o suppose_v gravity_n in_o the_o air_n nay_o prove_v it_o though_o not_o à _fw-la priori_fw-la be_v look_v on_o as_o mechanical_a chap._n ii_o the_o next_o thing_n the_o doctor_n oppose_v to_o my_o explication_n be_v a_o resolute_a denial_n that_o there_o be_v any_o such_o gravitation_n as_o i_o pretend_v of_o body_n or_o their_o particle_n in_o their_o proper_a place_n but_o because_o for_o the_o proof_n of_o his_o negation_n he_o refer_v we_o to_o the_o next_o chapter_n we_o shall_v hereafter_o have_v a_o fit_a place_n than_o this_o to_o consider_v it_o in_o three_o he_o tell_v we_o we_o may_v just_o doubt_v of_o the_o equal_a diffusion_n of_o the_o springy_a power_n or_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n every_o way_n in_o what_o sense_n in_o some_o case_n i_o admit_v of_o a_o small_a inaequality_n between_o the_o pressure_n of_o fluid_n against_o differ_v part_n of_o a_o surround_v body_n i_o have_v 7._o have_v see_v the_o hydrostatical_a paradox_n esp_n cial_o parad._n 7._o elsewhere_o declare_v and_o need_v not_o here_o discourse_n of_o since_o in_o the_o case_n before_o we_o and_o in_o the_o like_a that_o pressure_n be_v inconsiderable_a enough_o to_o be_v safe_o neglect_v and_o whereas_o our_o author_n thus_o argue_v 139._o argue_v p._n 139._o semotâ_fw-la vi_fw-la elasticâ_fw-la particulae_fw-la tamen_fw-la atmosphaerae_fw-la deorfum_fw-la tenderent_fw-la est_fw-la igitur_fw-la depressio_fw-la quaedam_fw-la deorsum_fw-la praeter_fw-la vim_o elasticam_fw-la ipsi_fw-la superaddita_fw-la sursum_fw-la non_fw-la item_n sed_fw-la elastica_fw-la sola_fw-la éstque_fw-la suppar_fw-la ratio_fw-la in_o pressionious_a transversis_fw-la &_o obliquis_fw-la i_o presume_v he_o do_v not_o sufficient_o consider_v our_o hypothesis_n and_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o pressure_n of_o fluid_a body_n that_o have_v weight_n for_o water_n to_o which_o no_o springiness_n be_v ascribe_v as_o there_o be_v to_o air_n but_o which_o act_n by_o its_o weight_n and_o fluidity_n be_v able_a upon_o the_o score_n of_o those_o quality_n to_o buoy_v up_o great_a ship_n that_o the_o ebb_a tide_n often_o leave_v upon_o the_o strand_n and_o whereas_o the_o learned_a examiner_n propose_v a_o four_o objection_n in_o these_o term_n 139._o term_n p._n 139._o quibus_fw-la omnibus_fw-la addas_fw-la difficile_fw-la esse_fw-la intellectu_fw-la si_fw-la unius_fw-la cylindri_fw-la atmosphaerae_fw-la pondus_fw-la aequalis_fw-la diametri_fw-la cum_fw-la embolo_fw-la reflectione_fw-la in_o fundum_fw-la emboli_n derivetur_fw-la cur_n non_fw-la quinque_fw-la alii_fw-la cylindri_fw-la aeris_fw-la qui_fw-la circumstant_fw-la embolum_fw-la in_o ejus_fw-la fundum_fw-la eodem_fw-la modo_fw-la simul_fw-la agere_fw-la possunt_fw-la ita_fw-la ut_fw-la vis_fw-la sursum_fw-la impellens_fw-la embolum_fw-la sextuplo_fw-la major_a sit_fw-la quà m_fw-la hactenus_fw-la ab_fw-la bujus_fw-la opinionis_fw-la fautoribus_fw-la existim_fw-la ita_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la si_fw-la sit_fw-la tunc_fw-la certe_fw-la siquo_fw-la artificio_fw-la fieri_fw-la possit_fw-la ut_fw-la unius_fw-la solius_fw-la cylindri_fw-la actio_fw-la in_o embolum_fw-la admitteretur_fw-la re_fw-la iquorum_fw-la quinque_fw-la exclusa_fw-la &_o pari_fw-la tamen_fw-la facilitate_v embolus_fw-la ascenderet_fw-la manifestum_fw-la indicium_fw-la esset_fw-la ne_fw-la unum_fw-la quidem_fw-la cylindrum_fw-la atsmosphaerae_fw-la agere_fw-la in_o fundum_fw-la emboli_n sed_fw-la totam_fw-la hypothesin_n ingeniosam_fw-la tantummodo_fw-la esse_fw-la fictionem_fw-la i_o presume_v hydrostatician_n will_v think_v this_o may_v have_v be_v spare_v for_o they_o will_v tell_v he_o that_o there_o can_v no_o more_o of_o a_o fluid_a press_n direct_o upward_a against_o the_o cylindrical_a orifice_n of_o a_o body_n immerse_v in_o that_o fluid_fw-la than_o a_o cylinder_n of_o that_o fluid_a of_o the_o same_o diameter_n with_o the_o orifice_n the_o lateral_a pressure_n bear_v against_o the_o lateral_a part_n of_o the_o cylinder_n and_o therefore_o if_o you_o invert_v for_o instance_n a_o pipe_n open_a at_o both_o end_n and_o fill_v to_o a_o certain_a height_n with_o oil_n into_o common_a water_n the_o oil_n that_o be_v keep_v up_o by_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o water_n upward_o will_v keep_v at_o the_o same_o height_n as_o to_o sense_n whether_o the_o vessel_n that_o contain_v the_o water_n be_v broad_a or_o narrow_a provide_v it_o be_v somewhat_o large_a than_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o pipe_n and_o now_o to_o invalidate_v yet_o further_o the_o precedent_a objection_n make_v by_o the_o doctor_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o it_o need_v not_o be_v think_v incredible_a that_o the_o atmosphere_n by_o its_o weight_n or_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o air_n compress_v by_o that_o weight_n shall_v be_v able_a to_o raise_v up_o fourscore_o or_o a_o hundred_o pound_n hang_v at_o the_o sucker_n since_o i_o have_v 165._o have_v see_v continuat_fw-la of_o new_a exper._n physico-mechan_a exp._n 48._o p._n 165._o manifest_v two_o or_o three_o year_n ago_o by_o a_o clear_a and_o cogent_a experiment_n that_o a_o little_a air_n include_v in_o a_o bladder_n will_v by_o its_o mere_a spring_n be_v able_a to_o heave_v up_o a_o weight_n of_o a_o hundred_o pound_n and_o this_o without_o the_o help_n of_o any_o rarefaction_n by_o heat_n by_o which_o experiment_n may_v be_v also_o confirm_v what_o i_o deliver_v a_o while_n since_o about_o the_o endeavour_n of_o the_o air_n that_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v include_v in_o our_o brass_n cylinder_n by_o expand_v itself_o to_o thrust_v away_o the_o sucker_n which_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o structure_n of_o the_o pump_n it_o can_v do_v no_o otherwise_o than_o downward_o with_o a_o depress_v force_n equivalent_a to_o the_o pressure_n upward_o of_o the_o atmosphere_n against_o the_o external_a part_n of_o the_o same_o sucker_n chap._n iii_o but_o i_o shall_v not_o insist_v upon_o the_o forego_n objection_n because_o the_o learned_a doctor_n himself_o
the_o follow_a paper_n by_o which_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v exercise_v as_o indeed_o i_o do_v not_o see_v what_o shall_v hinder_v it_o from_o be_v even_o upon_o body_n that_o be_v quite_o immerse_v under_o water_n and_o by_o which_o add_v to_o what_o have_v be_v hitherto_o discourse_v in_o answer_n to_o the_o learned_a doctor_n objection_n you_o will_v easy_o judge_v how_o deserve_o he_o shut_v up_o the_o argument_n we_o have_v be_v examine_v with_o this_o conclusion_n 143._o conclusion_n p._n 143._o adeo_fw-la ut_fw-la extra_fw-la omnem_fw-la controversiam_fw-la positum_fw-la videatur_fw-la quòd_fw-la nulla_fw-la est_fw-la ejusmodi_fw-la vis_fw-la elastica_fw-la in_o aere_fw-la qualem_fw-la è_fw-la doctis_fw-la nonnulli_fw-la supponunt_fw-la multoque_fw-la minus_fw-la tam_fw-la fortis_fw-la ut_fw-la centum_fw-la librarum_fw-la pondus_fw-la superet_fw-la quod_fw-la erat_fw-la demonstrandum_fw-la chap._n v._n but_o this_o be_v not_o all_o the_o doctor_n urge_v against_o i_o in_o this_o chapter_n for_o in_o the_o 14_o paragraph_n he_o second_v his_o former_a argument_n by_o another_o draw_v from_o this_o experiment_n of_o i_o that_o have_v take_v two_o round_a marble_n who_o surface_n that_o be_v to_o be_v contiguous_a be_v as_o well_o ground_n very_o flat_a as_o careful_o polish_a and_o have_v place_v they_o one_o direct_o upon_o the_o other_o they_o do_v in_o a_o horizontal_a posture_n so_o firm_o cohere_v without_o the_o help_n of_o any_o glue_n eâ—ition_n see_v the_o hist_n of_o fluidity_n and_o firmness_n p._n 222._o of_o the_o second_o eâ—ition_n or_o viscous_a body_n that_o the_o upper_a marble_n be_v pull_v up_o will_v take_v up_o the_o low_a though_o clog_v with_o a_o weight_n of_o fourscore_o and_o odd_a pound_n this_o experiment_n when_o i_o many_o year_n ago_o first_o publish_v it_o i_o refer_v to_o the_o action_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n which_o press_v equal_o and_o strong_o against_o the_o surface_n of_o both_o the_o marble_n except_o where_o they_o be_v contiguous_a the_o high_a can_v not_o be_v draw_v direct_o upward_o from_o the_o low_o and_o consequent_o must_v be_v follow_v by_o it_o by_o a_o less_o force_n than_o that_o which_o be_v equivalent_a to_o the_o weight_n of_o as_o great_a a_o cylinder_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n as_o lean_v upon_o the_o upper_a marble_n this_o experiment_n thus_o explain_v though_o it_o have_v be_v judge_v a_o very_a favourable_a one_o to_o the_o hypothesis_n on_o who_o behalf_n i_o allege_v it_o do_v yet_o to_o the_o just_o famous_a doctor_n seem_v a_o very_a considerable_a argument_n against_o it_o though_o for_o this_o judgement_n of_o his_o he_o urge_v only_o this_o reason_n that_o if_o the_o force_n with_o which_o the_o air_n press_v the_o low_a marble_n against_o the_o upper_a be_v able_a to_o sustain_v that_o marble_n though_o clog_v with_o the_o great_a weight_n above_o mention_v the_o same_o pressure_n of_o air_n will_v much_o more_o easy_o support_v a_o plate_n of_o wood_n bring_v to_o a_o true_a plain_a and_o not_o load_v with_o any_o weight_n if_o the_o wooden_a plate_n be_v substitute_v to_o the_o low_a marble_n and_o instead_o of_o it_o apply_v to_o the_o upper_a but_o since_o the_o experiment_n as_o i_o propose_v it_o do_v upon_o trial_n succeed_v very_o well_o it_o have_v not_o be_v amiss_o if_o the_o learned_a examiner_n have_v consider_v it_o as_o it_o be_v real_o and_o successful_o make_v and_o show_v why_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n be_v not_o able_a to_o hinder_v the_o separation_n of_o the_o marble_n and_o his_o needless_a substitution_n of_o a_o wooden_a plate_n instead_o of_o the_o low_a marble_n easy_o suggest_v a_o suspicion_n that_o there_o may_v lie_v some_o fallacy_n though_o not_o intend_v by_o he_o in_o the_o variation_n he_o propose_v of_o the_o experiment_n and_o he_o seem_v to_o have_v himself_o have_v thought_n of_o this_o kind_n by_o take_v notice_n that_o it_o may_v be_v answer_v on_o our_o behalf_n that_o a_o wooden_a plate_n can_v be_v so_o exact_o apply_v to_o the_o upper_a marble_n but_o that_o there_o will_v be_v a_o little_a air_n intercept_v between_o it_o and_o the_o bottom_n of_o that_o stone_n and_o though_o have_v grant_v that_o it_o may_v be_v so_o he_o employ_v two_o page_n to_o show_v that_o this_o intermediate_v air_n can_v not_o keep_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n from_o support_v the_o unclogged_a plate_n of_o wood_n if_o it_o have_v be_v that_o pressure_n which_o when_o there_o be_v no_o such_o intermediate_v air_n have_v sustain_v the_o low_a marble_n with_o all_o the_o appendant_a weight_n yet_o i_o confess_v his_o proof_n seem_v not_o to_o i_o to_o be_v answerable_a to_o the_o assurance_n he_o use_v in_o speak_v of_o they_o his_o example_n take_v from_o gunpowder_n and_o wind_n you_o will_v easy_o judge_v not_o to_o be_v very_o proper_a where_o we_o be_v not_o consider_v a_o force_n that_o act_n by_o a_o sudden_a and_o vanish_v impetus_fw-la but_o a_o constant_a and_o equal_a pressure_n and_o as_o to_o his_o other_o instance_n which_o be_v take_v from_o five_o man_n that_o thrust_v against_o the_o six_o standing_z with_o his_o back_n to_o a_o wall_n who_o be_v but_o as_o strong_a as_o any_o one_o of_o they_o i_o answer_v that_o neither_o be_v this_o example_n near_o enough_o of_o kin_n to_o our_o case_n for_o each_o of_o these_o five_o man_n be_v suppose_v to_o have_v a_o equal_a power_n of_o thrust_v proper_a to_o himself_o and_o independent_a from_o all_o or_o any_o of_o the_o other_o four_o and_o the_o six_o man_n be_v likewise_o suppose_a to_o resist_v but_o by_o his_o own_o single_a force_n without_o have_v his_o power_n of_o react_v increase_v by_o the_o force_n wherewith_o the_o other_o thrust_v against_o he_o but_o in_o our_o case_n the_o thing_n be_v quite_o otherwise_o for_o suppose_v that_o some_o aerial_a particle_n be_v so_o place_v that_o a_o solid_a body_n hinder_v they_o to_o recoil_v or_o 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whereof_o be_v maintain_v not_o only_o by_o doctor_n more_o but_o by_o many_o other_o famous_a and_o learned_a man_n namely_o that_o in_o stagnant_a water_n the_o upper_a part_n do_v actual_o press_v the_o low_a we_o take_v then_o a_o very_a slender_a pipe_n of_o glass_n who_o cavity_n be_v narrow_a than_o that_o of_o a_o ordinary_a goos-quill_n that_o heterogeneous_a liquor_n may_v not_o be_v able_a to_o get_v by_o one_o another_o in_o it_o this_o pipe_n near_o one_o end_n be_v bend_v upward_o like_o a_o syphon_n that_o it_o may_v have_v a_o short_a leg_n as_o parallel_v as_o the_o artificer_n can_v make_v it_o to_o the_o long_o into_o this_o crooked_a pipe_n we_o put_v a_o little_a oil_n and_o then_o hold_v it_o perpendicular_o in_o a_o somewhat_o deep_a and_o wide-mouthed_a glass_n fill_v partly_o with_o water_n and_o partly_o with_o a_o lump_n of_o wax_n of_o the_o bigness_n and_o shape_n of_o that_o already_o mention_v that_o so_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o incumbent_a water_n 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occasion_n to_o mention_v but_o it_o will_v clear_v the_o way_n for_o what_o be_v to_o follow_v if_o i_o here_o divide_v the_o noble_a and_o difficult_a problem_n we_o be_v to_o consider_v into_o two_o question_n the_o first_o why_o a_o diver_n shall_v not_o be_v oppress_v and_o crush_v to_o death_n by_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o incumbent_n and_o ambient_fw-la water_n and_o the_o second_o why_o at_o least_o he_o shall_v not_o be_v make_v sensible_o to_o feel_v it_o by_o suffer_v some_o considerable_a inconvenience_n from_o it_o in_o answer_n to_o the_o first_o of_o these_o question_n you_o will_v easy_o perceive_v that_o divers_a thing_n may_v be_v pertinent_o apply_v that_o you_o will_v meet_v with_o in_o the_o follow_a paper_n to_o show_v the_o difference_n betwixt_o the_o pressure_n of_o fluid_n and_o that_o of_o solid_a body_n and_o that_o de_fw-la facto_fw-la the_o pressure_n of_o water_n may_v be_v exceed_o great_a without_o destroy_v a_o animal_n quite_o surround_v with_o that_o liquor_n i_o have_v long_o since_o show_v in_o another_o paradox_n another_o the_o author_n point_v at_o the_o appendix_n to_o the_o hydrostatical_a paradox_n treatise_n by_o the_o experiment_n of_o a_o little_a tadpole_n which_o be_v together_o with_o the_o water_n it_o swim_v in_o include_v in_o a_o bend_a glass_n seal_v at_o one_o end_n the_o animal_n be_v not_o kill_v or_o sensible_o hurt_v but_o only_o according_a to_o what_o be_v late_o note_v by_o anticipation_n seem_v to_o shrink_v into_o somewhat_o and_o but_o little_a less_o dimension_n if_o it_o be_v here_o allege_v that_o this_o experiment_n make_v rather_o against_o i_o than_o for_o i_o the_o learned_a doctor_n have_v make_v use_v of_o it_o with_o a_o scheme_n to_o explain_v it_o in_o his_o 16_o paragraph_n it_o will_v be_v fit_a for_o i_o to_o consider_v his_o objection_n have_v then_o recite_v the_o matter_n of_o fact_n new_o deliver_v he_o add_v quod_fw-la certè_fw-la fieri_fw-la non_fw-la posset_n nisi_fw-la juxte_v legem_fw-la quartam_fw-la contrusio_fw-la particularum_fw-la aquae_fw-la contra_fw-la se_fw-la inuicem_fw-la principio_fw-la hylarchico_n inhiberetur_fw-la &_o eluderetur_fw-la atque_fw-la hinc_fw-la fit_a ut_fw-la quamvis_fw-la aqua_fw-la be_v tubo_fw-la a_o b_o c_o vi_fw-la trudis_fw-la g_o f_o aliquantò_fw-la facta_fw-la sit_fw-la condensatior_fw-la part_n tamen_fw-la sic_fw-la compressae_fw-la ut_fw-la propiùs_fw-la ad_fw-la se_fw-la inuicem_fw-la accedant_fw-la nihilo_fw-la inde_fw-la inter_fw-la se_fw-la fiunt_fw-la comprimentiores_fw-la and_o then_o subjoin_v the_o follow_a passage_n neque_fw-la emim_fw-la sequitur_fw-la ex_fw-la earum_fw-la contactu_fw-la quod_fw-la premant_fw-la se_fw-la inuicem_fw-la quandoquidem_fw-la particulae_fw-la uti_fw-la fit_a in_fw-la duris_fw-la corporibus_fw-la in_fw-la unum_fw-la coalescere_fw-la possunt_fw-la &_o tamen_fw-la non_fw-la mutuò_fw-la se_fw-la premere_fw-la wherein_o be_v some_o thing_n that_o may_v be_v question_v if_o it_o 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friend_n to_o the_o truth_n i_o be_v to_o defend_v shall_v exact_v of_o sir_n y_z
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the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n shall_v of_o its_o own_o accord_n and_o with_o impetuosity_n emerge_n but_o i_o expect_v a_o contrary_a event_n because_o the_o bladder_n be_v tie_v to_o the_o upper_a marble_n so_o that_o both_o of_o they_o may_v in_o our_o case_n be_v consider_v as_o one_o body_n the_o water_n can_v not_o impel_v they_o up_o in_o regard_n that_o the_o close_a contact_n of_o the_o surface_v of_o the_o two_o marble_n keep_v the_o water_n from_o be_v able_a to_o insinuate_v itself_o between_o they_o and_o consequent_o from_o get_v underneath_o the_o upper_a marble_n and_o press_v against_o the_o low_a superficies_n of_o it_o and_o to_o show_v that_o this_o be_v the_o reason_n of_o the_o bladder_n not_o emerge_v i_o cause_v one_o of_o the_o bystander_n to_o thrust_v his_o arm_n down_o to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o
tub_n and_o with_o his_o hand_n to_o make_v part_n of_o the_o oil_a surface_n of_o the_o upper_a marble_n slide_v off_o on_o any_o side_n from_o that_o of_o the_o low_a which_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o smoothness_n and_o slipperiness_n of_o the_o surface_n he_o find_v most_o easy_a to_o do_v but_o the_o contact_n still_o continue_v according_a to_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o surface_n than_o be_v requisite_a i_o bid_v he_o yet_o slide_v but_o by_o slow_a degree_n more_o and_o more_o of_o the_o upper_a marble_n from_o the_o low_a till_o at_o length_n when_o according_a to_o his_o guess_n the_o marble_n touch_v but_o in_o one_o half_a of_o their_o surface_n the_o endeavour_n of_o the_o water_n to_o extrude_v the_o bladder_n full_a of_o air_n be_v strong_a than_o the_o resistance_n which_o the_o contact_n but_o of_o part_n of_o the_o surface_v of_o the_o stone_n be_v able_a to_o make_v they_o be_v sudden_o disjoined_a and_o the_o bladder_n be_v by_o the_o extrude_a water_n impetuous_o as_o it_o be_v shoot_v up_o not_o only_o to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n but_o a_o good_a way_n beyond_o it_o with_o these_o marble_n we_o make_v several_a other_o experiment_n of_o this_o kind_n most_o common_o let_v down_o the_o marble_n both_o together_o but_o once_o or_o twice_o at_o least_o place_v the_o upper_a marble_n under_o water_n upon_o the_o lowermost_a already_o fix_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o barrel_n that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o upper_a marble_n nor_o want_v of_o lightness_n whether_o positive_a or_o relative_a of_o the_o air_n include_v in_o the_o bladder_n that_o keep_v it_o from_o ascend_v be_v plain_a not_o only_o by_o the_o new_o mention_v impetuous_a emersion_n of_o it_o upon_o the_o disjoyning_a of_o the_o marble_n but_o by_o this_o that_o the_o bladder_n will_v lift_v up_o from_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o water_n not_o only_o the_o upper_a stone_n when_o it_o touch_v not_o the_o other_o but_o a_o weight_n of_o seven_o or_o eight_o pound_n hang_v at_o it_o and_o that_o a_o fuga_fw-la vacui_fw-la be_v not_o a_o adequate_a cause_n of_o the_o cohesion_n of_o the_o marble_n in_o our_o experiment_n may_v be_v argue_v from_o this_o that_o whether_o or_o no_o nature_n do_v any_o thing_n at_o any_o time_n out_o of_o abhorrence_n of_o a_o vacuum_n which_o may_v be_v much_o dispute_v yet_o in_o our_o case_n this_o abhorrency_n can_v not_o be_v well_o plead_v by_o its_o assertor_n since_o many_o of_o they_o hold_v it_o to_o be_v unlimited_a and_o the_o more_o modest_a to_o be_v at_o least_o capable_a of_o lift_v up_o prodigious_a weight_n whereas_o in_o our_o experiment_n the_o levity_n of_o a_o bladder_n that_o can_v not_o raise_v ten_o pound_n weight_n be_v sufficient_a to_o disjoin_v the_o marble_n when_o they_o yet_o touch_v one_o another_o according_a to_o half_a their_o surface_n exper._n ii_o to_o show_v now_o whether_o it_o be_v not_o rather_o the_o gravity_n and_o pressure_n of_o the_o water_n or_o other_o ambient_fw-la fluid_fw-la than_o the_o positive_a levity_n of_o a_o body_n light_a in_o specie_fw-la than_o it_o that_o make_v the_o immersed_a body_n ascend_v to_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o liquor_n i_o devise_v this_o experiment_n we_o take_v a_o bladder_n out_o of_o which_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o include_v air_n have_v be_v express_v and_o tie_v the_o neck_n of_o it_o very_o close_a that_o none_o of_o the_o remain_a air_n may_v get_v out_o we_o fasten_v to_o it_o a_o considerable_a weight_n of_o some_o very_a ponderous_a body_n as_o lead_v or_o iron_n by_o the_o help_n of_o this_o we_o sink_v the_o bladder_n to_o the_o bottom_n of_o a_o wide_a mouth_a glass_n full_a of_o water_n that_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o liquor_n may_v be_v a_o good_a deal_n high_o than_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o bladder_n this_o wide_a mouth_a glass_n we_o include_v in_o a_o great_a receiver_n who_o orifice_n must_v be_v very_o large_a to_o be_v able_a to_o admit_v such_o a_o vessel_n which_o i_o cause_v to_o be_v careful_o cement_v on_o to_o the_o engine_n the_o main_a scope_n of_o this_o experiment_n be_v to_o show_v that_o though_o the_o air_n include_v in_o the_o bladder_n be_v very_o far_o from_o be_v able_a by_o its_o absolute_a levity_n to_o lift_v up_o so_o great_a a_o weight_n as_o the_o bladder_n be_v clog_v with_o yet_o the_o same_o air_n continual_o include_v in_o the_o bladder_n will_v by_o its_o mere_a expansion_n without_o any_o new_a external_a heat_n acquire_v a_o power_n of_o ascend_v in_o spite_n of_o that_o weight_n which_o ascension_n therefore_o must_v be_v attribute_v to_o the_o water_n which_o according_a to_o the_o law_n hydrostatical_a ought_v caeterisparibus_fw-la to_o resist_v or_o buoy_v up_o more_o potent_o those_o immersed_a body_n that_o be_v light_a in_o specie_fw-la than_o it_o possess_v the_o great_a place_n in_o it_o and_o hinder_v the_o more_o water_n from_o acquire_v its_o due_a situation_n as_o we_o see_v that_o among_o hollow_a sphere_n of_o glass_n and_o metal_n equal_o thick_a and_o well_o stop_v there_o be_v a_o much_o heavy_a weight_n requisite_a to_o sink_v a_o large_a one_o than_o a_o small_a one_o for_o the_o prosecution_n of_o this_o trial_n we_o begin_v to_o pump_v the_o air_n out_o of_o the_o great_a receiver_n and_o its_o pressure_n upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n be_v thereby_o more_o and_o more_o lessen_v according_a to_o what_o we_o elsewhere_o more_o full_o declare_v the_o spring_n of_o the_o include_v air_n begin_v by_o degree_n to_o distend_a the_o side_n of_o the_o bladder_n till_o at_o length_n that_o vessel_n of_o air_n swell_v every_o way_n take_v up_o so_o much_o more_o room_n in_o the_o water_n than_o it_o do_v before_o that_o the_o water_n be_v able_a to_o lift_v the_o bladder_n and_o the_o annex_v weight_n to_o the_o top_n and_o detain_v it_o there_o till_o we_o think_v fit_a to_o let_v in_o again_o some_o of_o the_o exclude_v air_n which_o force_v that_o in_o the_o bladder_n to_o shrink_v in_o its_o dimension_n the_o weight_n be_v present_o able_a to_o sink_v it_o to_o the_o bottom_n and_o here_o it_o may_v be_v note_v that_o if_o instead_o of_o hang_v so_o great_a a_o weight_n at_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o bladder_n we_o fasten_v but_o a_o moderate_o heavy_a piece_n of_o lead_n such_o as_o will_v only_o serve_v to_o sink_v the_o bladder_n and_o keep_v it_o at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o water_n so_o that_o the_o aggregate_v of_o the_o bladder_n air_n and_o metal_n be_v but_o a_o little_o heavy_a than_o a_o bulk_n of_o water_n equal_a to_o they_o then_o upon_o the_o first_o suck_v or_o operation_n of_o the_o pump_n which_o can_v withdraw_v but_o a_o small_a part_n of_o the_o air_n in_o the_o receiver_n the_o air_n in_o the_o bladder_n sudden_o expand_v itself_o will_v forthwith_o be_v impetuous_o extrude_v by_o the_o water_n though_o after_o some_o reciprocation_n it_o will_v float_v in_o its_o due_a position_n till_o upon_o the_o return_n of_o a_o little_a outward_a air_n sometime_o as_o little_a as_o we_o can_v convenient_o let_v in_o it_o will_v immediate_o subside_o but_o this_o be_v not_o so_o necessary_a to_o be_v insist_v on_o as_o it_o be_v to_o take_v notice_n that_o i_o foresee_v it_o may_v be_v object_v that_o the_o ascension_n of_o the_o weight_n be_v not_o effect_v by_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o water_n but_o by_o this_o that_o rarity_n and_o levity_n be_v quality_n exceed_o of_o kin_n the_o great_a rarefaction_n of_o the_o air_n may_v proportionable_o increase_v the_o levity_n of_o it_o and_o consequent_o enable_v it_o to_o perform_v much_o great_a thing_n than_o it_o can_v do_v before_o i_o will_v not_o here_o dispute_v whether_o general_o speak_v a_o body_n rarify_v without_o heat_n will_v in_o vacuo_fw-la or_o in_o a_o fluid_n not_o heavy_a in_o specie_fw-la than_o the_o body_n when_o rarefy_v mere_o by_o such_o a_o great_a distance_n of_o its_o part_n as_o may_v suffice_v to_o entitle_v it_o to_o rarefaction_n become_v real_o heavy_a or_o light_a than_o before_o i_o will_v not_o i_o say_v discuss_v this_o question_n here_o where_o it_o may_v serve_v my_o turn_n to_o satisfy_v the_o recite_v objection_n by_o the_o follow_a experiment_n exper._n iii_o about_o the_o neck_n of_o a_o convenient_o shape_a viol_n capable_a to_o hold_v some_o few_o ounce_n of_o water_n i_o cause_v to_o be_v careful_o tie_v the_o neck_n of_o a_o small_a bladder_n whence_o the_o air_n have_v be_v diligent_o express_v so_o that_o the_o bladder_n be_v very_o limber_a of_o itself_o and_o probable_o make_v more_o so_o as_o well_o as_o more_o impervious_a to_o air_n and_o water_n by_o the_o fine_a oil_n we_o have_v cause_v it_o to_o be_v rub_v with_o lay_v upon_o the_o orifice_n
of_o the_o viol_n like_o a_o skin_n clap_v together_o with_o many_o fold_n and_o wrinkle_n this_o do_v we_o let_v down_o the_o viol_n into_o a_o convenient_o shape_a vessel_n full_a of_o water_n and_o the_o viol_n be_v poise_v beforehand_o for_o that_o purpose_n sink_v perpendicular_o in_o the_o liquor_n till_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o glass_n be_v partly_o above_o and_o partly_o beneath_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n then_o cover_v the_o external_a glass_n with_o a_o large_a receiver_n we_o cause_v the_o air_n to_o be_v pump_v out_o and_o as_o the_o pressure_n of_o that_o be_v gradual_o withdraw_v the_o air_n in_o the_o float_a viol_n do_v little_a by_o little_a expand_v itself_o into_o the_o bladder_n and_o unfold_v the_o winkle_n of_o it_o till_o at_o length_n it_o become_v full_o blow_v without_o alter_v the_o erect_a posture_n of_o the_o glass_n it_o lean_v upon_o but_o this_o great_a expansion_n be_v make_v above_o the_o water_n and_o consequent_o in_o a_o medium_n not_o heavy_a than_o the_o include_v air_n give_v that_o high_o rarefy_v air_n no_o such_o increase_n of_o levity_n as_o enable_v we_o to_o perceive_v that_o it_o make_v so_o much_o as_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o glass_n arise_v high_o in_o the_o water_n than_o it_o do_v before_o nor_o do_v we_o take_v notice_n that_o the_o return_n of_o the_o air_n into_o the_o receiver_n by_o reduce_v the_o air_n in_o the_o bladder_n to_o its_o former_a unrarify_v estate_n make_v the_o glass_n sink_v deep_a than_o before_o but_o when_o the_o experiment_n be_v try_v with_o the_o same_o glass_n and_o bladder_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o water_n then_o upon_o the_o pump_v out_o the_o air_n the_o bladder_n be_v dilate_v under_o water_n be_v after_o a_o while_n carry_v up_o to_o the_o top_n and_o take_v up_o with_o it_o about_o eight_o or_o ten_o ounce_n that_o have_v be_v to_o clog_v it_o fasten_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o viol._n new_a experiment_n about_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n be_v spring_n on_o body_n under_o water_n new_a experiment_n about_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n be_v spring_n on_o body_n under_o water_n i_o do_v not_o think_v it_o be_v difficult_a for_o a_o intelligent_a peruser_n of_o our_o physicomechanical_a experiment_n to_o find_v there_o divers_a phaenomena_n whence_o it_o may_v be_v deduce_v that_o body_n under_o water_n though_o keep_v by_o that_o liquor_n from_o the_o immediate_a contact_n of_o the_o air_n may_v yet_o be_v expose_v to_o its_o pressure_n whether_o the_o air_n act_n as_o have_v a_o weight_n or_o as_o a_o spring_n but_o because_o not_o only_o the_o vulgar_a but_o philosopher_n have_v be_v so_o long_o and_o general_o possess_v with_o a_o opinion_n that_o a_o fluid_a so_o little_a heavy_a as_o the_o air_n can_v by_o its_o weight_n act_n upon_o a_o liquor_n that_o be_v like_o water_n bulk_n for_o bulk_n a_o thousand_o time_n heavy_a than_o it_o and_o because_o also_o it_o seem_v yet_o more_o strange_a that_o a_o little_a air_n perhaps_o not_o amount_v to_o a_o scruple_n or_o drachm_n in_o weight_n shall_v in_o its_o ordinary_a state_n of_o laxity_n act_v considerable_o upon_o body_n which_o be_v cover_v with_o water_n seem_v by_o the_o interposition_n of_o that_o liquor_n to_o be_v fence_v from_o the_o incumbent_a air_n it_o may_v be_v worth_a while_n to_o add_v three_o or_o four_o hydrostatical_a experiment_n to_o confirm_v a_o truth_n that_o very_o few_o be_v yet_o acquaint_v with_o and_o add_v to_o the_o proof_n already_o give_v of_o the_o power_n of_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o air_n some_o of_o the_o operation_n we_o have_v discover_v it_o to_o have_v upon_o body_n place_v under_o water_n there_o be_v two_o sort_n of_o trial_n that_o i_o shall_v employ_v to_o show_v that_o a_o small_a quantity_n of_o enclose_a air_n may_v by_o its_o pressure_n which_o in_o our_o case_n must_v depend_v upon_o its_o spring_n have_v a_o considerable_a operation_n upon_o body_n under_o water_n notwithstanding_o the_o interposition_n of_o that_o liquor_n for_o this_o pressure_n we_o speak_v of_o may_v be_v manifest_v in_o the_o first_o place_n by_o what_o it_o direct_o and_o positive_o operate_v upon_o body_n cover_v with_o water_n and_o in_o the_o next_o place_n by_o the_o thing_n that_o regular_o ensue_v upon_o the_o removal_n of_o the_o enclose_v air_n or_o the_o weaken_n of_o its_o spring_n exper._n i._n to_o begin_v with_o the_o former_a way_n of_o show_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n i_o think_v it_o sufficient_a in_o regard_n of_o the_o trial_n to_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o second_o way_n to_o make_v the_o follow_a experiment_n we_o take_v a_o square_a glass-viol_n guess_v to_o be_v capable_a of_o hold_v between_o half_a a_o pint_n and_o a_o pint_n of_o water_n the_o neck_n of_o this_o we_o lute_v on_o careful_o and_o strong_o for_o else_o it_o will_v have_v be_v buoy_v up_o over_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o small_a pipe_n at_o which_o the_o air_n pass_v in_o our_o engine_n out_o of_o the_o receiver_n into_o the_o pump_n then_o whelm_v over_o this_o glass_n a_o great_a receiver_n we_o lute_v it_o strong_o to_o the_o engine_n that_o it_o may_v as_o well_o keep_v in_o the_o water_n as_o keep_v out_o the_o air_n and_o at_o the_o top_n pour_v in_o as_o much_o water_n as_o suffice_v to_o environ_v the_o internal_a receiver_n if_o i_o may_v so_o call_v it_o and_o cover_v it_o to_o a_o pretty_a height_n this_o do_v we_o exact_o close_v with_o a_o turn_a key_n the_o holâ—_n in_o the_o great_a receiver_n at_o which_o the_o water_n have_v be_v pour_v in_o that_o no_o air_n may_v get_v in_o or_o out_o that_o way_n and_o last_o we_o begin_v to_o pump_v out_o the_o air_n contain_v in_o the_o internal_a receiver_n to_o the_o end_n that_o that_o air_n which_o by_o the_o abovementioned_a pipe_n have_v communication_n with_o the_o external_n air_n may_v no_o long_o by_o its_o pressure_n assist_v the_o glass_n to_o resist_v the_o pressure_n which_o the_o incumbent_n and_o enclose_v air_n by_o virtue_n of_o its_o spring_n constant_o exercise_n upon_o the_o subjacent_a water_n and_o by_o its_o intervention_n upon_o the_o side_n and_o bottom_n of_o the_o internal_a receiver_n and_o as_o we_o expect_v not_o that_o this_o glass_n by_o its_o own_o single_a force_n shall_v resist_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n enclose_v in_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o great_a receiver_n notwithstanding_o the_o interposition_n of_o the_o water_n so_o the_o event_n full_o justify_v our_o conjecture_n for_o at_o the_o first_o exuction_n which_o can_v not_o be_v suppose_v to_o have_v well_o empty_v the_o internal_a glass_n this_o vessel_n be_v by_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o superior_a air_n upon_o the_o circumstant_fw-la water_n break_v into_o i_o know_v not_o how_o many_o piece_n and_o the_o same_o experiment_n though_o with_o a_o little_o slow_a success_n be_v repeat_v with_o a_o strong_a internal_a glass_n exper._n ii_o i_o proceed_v now_o to_o the_o second_o way_n of_o manifest_v the_o pressure_n of_o enclose_v air_n upon_o body_n under_o water_n which_o be_v by_o show_v the_o phaenomena_n exhibit_v by_o those_o body_n upon_o the_o removal_n or_o lessen_v of_o that_o pressure_n have_v squeeze_v out_o of_o a_o moderate_o size_a bladder_n the_o great_a part_n of_o its_o air_n we_o tie_v the_o neck_n of_o it_o very_o close_a and_o then_o fasten_v to_o it_o a_o competent_a weight_n we_o place_v it_o at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o tall_a and_o large_a glass_n we_o can_v cover_v with_o our_o great_a receiver_n that_o so_o though_o the_o incumbent_a air_n be_v pump_v out_o none_o of_o the_o water_n may_v be_v pump_v out_o with_o it_o but_o still_o retain_v the_o same_o height_n above_o the_o bladder_n have_v then_o pour_v upon_o the_o bladder_n as_o much_o water_n as_o will_v swim_v a_o great_a way_n above_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o it_o we_o cover_v this_o glass_n of_o water_n with_o a_o great_a receiver_n which_o be_v careful_o cement_v on_o to_o the_o engine_n the_o pump_n be_v set_v a-work_o and_o as_o the_o air_n which_o by_o its_o spring_n press_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o include_v water_n be_v by_o degree_n pump_v out_o so_o the_o air_n that_o be_v imprison_v in_o the_o bladder_n do_v gradual_o expand_v itself_o at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o water_n as_o if_o no_o such_o liquor_n have_v interpose_v between_o they_o otherwise_o than_o by_o its_o weight_n upon_o who_o account_n it_o must_v be_v allow_v to_o give_v some_o little_a impediment_n to_o the_o expansion_n of_o the_o bladder_n in_o proportion_n to_o the_o height_n it_o have_v above_o it_o the_o event_n of_o our_o experiment_n be_v such_o as_o be_v expect_v namely_o that_o the_o immersed_a bladder_n be_v at_o length_n full_o blow_v by_o the_o
dilatation_n of_o the_o air_n enclose_v in_o it_o and_o by_o its_o intumescence_n make_v a_o considerable_a part_n of_o the_o water_n run_v over_o by_o the_o side_n of_o the_o glass_n that_o before_o contain_v it_o all_o and_o when_o access_n be_v give_v again_o to_o the_o external_a air_n the_o internal_a be_v compress_v the_o bladder_n be_v present_o reduce_v to_o its_o wrinkle_a state_n exper._n iii_o we_o take_v a_o small_a but_o fine_a bladder_n who_o neck_n be_v strong_o tie_v up_o when_o it_o be_v by_o guess_n about_o half_a full_a of_o air_n this_o we_o put_v into_o a_o short_a brass_n cylinder_n the_o low_a of_o who_o base_n be_v close_v with_o a_o brass-plate_n and_o the_o other_o leave_v open_a this_o open_a orifice_n we_o afterward_o stop_v but_o not_o exact_o with_o a_o cylindrical_a plugg_n that_o be_v somewhat_o less_o wide_a than_o it_o and_o be_v by_o a_o rim_n at_o the_o top_n hinder_v from_o reach_v too_o deep_a into_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o cylinder_n that_o it_o may_v not_o do_v mischief_n to_o the_o bladder_n that_o lie_v there_o beneath_o it_o upon_o this_o plugg_n we_o place_v a_o almost_o conical_o shape_v weight_n of_o lead_n and_o this_o pile_n of_o several_a thing_n be_v so_o place_v upon_o our_o engine_n that_o we_o can_v cover_v it_o with_o a_o great_a receiver_n we_o careful_o cement_v on_o this_o vessel_n and_o at_o the_o top_n of_o it_o pour_v in_o so_o much_o water_n as_o will_v serve_v to_o fill_v the_o vacant_a part_n of_o the_o brass_n cylinder_n and_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o engine_n to_o such_o a_o height_n that_o it_o cover_v all_o the_o leaden_a weight_n which_o be_v several_a inch_n high_a except_o a_o rim_n which_o be_v fasten_v to_o the_o top_n of_o it_o for_o the_o convenienter_fw-la remove_v of_o it_o all_o this_o be_v do_v the_o pump_n be_v set_v a-work_o and_o long_o before_o we_o have_v exhaust_v the_o air_n of_o the_o receiver_n that_o which_o be_v enclose_v in_o the_o lank_a bladder_n have_v by_o degree_n display_v so_o vigorous_a a_o spring_n that_o it_o have_v heave_v up_o the_o weight_n that_o lie_v upon_o it_o to_o a_o notable_a height_n and_o keep_v it_o there_o till_o the_o air_n be_v let_v in_o from_o without_o to_o assist_v its_o be_v depress_v by_o the_o leaden_a weight_n which_o amount_v to_o no_o less_o than_o about_o 28._o pound_n exper._n iu._n there_o remain_v yet_o one_o trial_n to_o be_v make_v which_o in_o case_n it_o shall_v succeed_v seem_v likely_a to_o appear_v as_o great_a a_o evidence_n of_o the_o force_n of_o the_o air_n be_v spring_n upon_o body_n under_o water_n as_o can_v be_v reasonable_o desire_v of_o we_o it_o have_v be_v look_v upon_o by_o many_o virtuoso_n as_o the_o considerabl_a instance_n of_o the_o force_n of_o the_o air_n be_v spring_n even_o when_o no_o water_n intervene_v in_o the_o trial_n to_o satisfy_v therefore_o our_o curiosity_n we_o take_v a_o copper_n vessel_n of_o a_o cylindrical_a shape_n and_o a_o considerable_a height_n into_o this_o be_v first_o almost_o fill_v with_o water_n we_o put_v a_o square_a glass-vial_n capable_a by_o guess_n to_o hold_v nine_o or_o ten_o ounce_n of_o water_n and_o exact_o stop_v with_o a_o cork_n and_o a_o close_a cement_n this_o vial_n by_o a_o competent_a weight_n be_v detain_v at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o water_n from_o who_o upper_a surface_n it_o be_v considerable_o distant_a then_o the_o copper_n vessel_n be_v place_v upon_o the_o engine_n and_o include_v in_o a_o great_a receiver_n well_o cement_v on_o the_o air_n be_v by_o degree_n pump_v out_o but_o before_o it_o be_v quite_o exhaust_v the_o glass_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o water_n be_v by_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o air_n include_v in_o it_o burst_v into_o many_o piece_n not_o without_o great_a noise_n and_o a_o kind_n of_o smoke_n or_o mist_n that_o appear_v above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n another_o glass_n of_o the_o same_o sort_n have_v be_v break_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n in_o another_o vessel_n but_o have_v afford_v we_o no_o particular_a phaenomenon_n i_o bare_o mention_v it_o to_o show_v that_o we_o make_v more_o than_o one_o trial_n of_o this_o kind_n the_o consequence_n that_o will_v natural_o result_v from_o the_o three_o last_o experiment_n be_v this_o that_o since_o bare_o upon_o the_o withdraw_n of_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o include_v air_n which_o be_v perhaps_o but_o very_o little_a in_o quantity_n the_o air_n reside_v in_o the_o immersed_a body_n do_v by_o virtue_n of_o its_o spring_n expand_v itself_o so_o forcible_o as_o we_o have_v recite_v and_o perform_v notable_a thing_n the_o air_n above_o the_o water_n must_v have_v exercise_v a_o very_a powerful_a pressure_n upon_o the_o surface_n of_o it_o since_o set_v aside_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o water_n of_o small_a moment_n in_o our_o trial_n it_o must_v have_v be_v at_o least_o equivalent_a to_o and_o probable_o much_o exceed_v that_o force_n of_o the_o immersed_a air_n who_o exercise_n it_o be_v able_a total_o to_o hinder_v and_o from_o hence_o it_o may_v be_v easy_o deduce_v that_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n act_n upon_o body_n under_o water_n notwithstanding_o that_o the_o interpose_a liquor_n be_v by_o vast_a odds_o heavy_a in_o specie_fw-la than_o air_n for_o we_o have_v just_a now_o prove_v the_o pressure_n of_o enclose_v air_n which_o consist_v in_o its_o spring_n upon_o body_n under_o water_n and_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o spring_n of_o this_o inferior_a air_n we_o make_v our_o trial_n with_o be_v cause_v by_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o superior_a air_n which_o bend_v and_o compress_n those_o little_a aereal_a springy_a particle_n whereof_o our_o air_n consist_v so_o that_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v equivalent_a to_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o inferior_a air_n for_o else_o it_o can_v not_o compress_v it_o as_o much_o as_o it_o do_v must_v lean_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o subjacent_a water_n with_o a_o force_n equivalent_a to_o the_o spring_n of_o that_o part_n of_o it_o that_o be_v contiguous_a to_o the_o water_n this_o experiment_n bring_v into_o my_o mind_n another_o that_o i_o once_o make_v which_o though_o not_o proper_o hydrostatical_a yet_o relate_v to_o positive_a levity_n may_v perhaps_o be_v not_o useless_o add_v on_o this_o occasion_n wherefore_o i_o shall_v here_o subjoin_v a_o transcript_n of_o the_o phaenomenon_n that_o belong_v to_o our_o present_a purpose_n as_o it_o be_v register_v soon_o after_o the_o experiment_n be_v make_v to_o examine_v by_o a_o visible_a experiment_n the_o common_a doctrine_n that_o a_o portion_n of_o air_n by_o be_v much_o dilate_a rarify_v or_o expanded_a do_v acquire_v a_o new_a and_o proportionable_a degree_n of_o positive_a levity_n i_o devise_v to_o put_v in_o practice_n the_o follow_a way_n we_o take_v a_o bladder_n of_o a_o moderate_a size_n that_o be_v very_o fine_a and_o limber_a that_o it_o may_v be_v the_o light_a and_o more_o easy_o distend_v the_o most_o part_n of_o the_o air_n be_v squeeze_v out_o of_o the_o bladder_n the_o neck_n of_o it_o be_v tie_v up_o very_o close_a that_o no_o air_n may_v get_v out_o of_o it_o nor_o any_o external_a get_v into_o it_o this_o limber_a bladder_n be_v hang_v at_o one_o of_o the_o scale_n of_o a_o balance_n who_o beam_n have_v be_v purposely_o make_v more_o than_o ordinary_o short_a that_o the_o instrument_n which_o yet_o be_v ticklish_a enough_o may_v be_v suspend_v and_o capable_a of_o play_v in_o the_o cavity_n of_o a_o great_a receiver_n into_o which_o we_o convey_v it_o having_z first_o careful_o counterpoyse_v the_o bladder_n with_o a_o metalline_a weight_n put_v into_o the_o opposite_a scale_n this_o do_v the_o air_n be_v pump_v out_o and_o as_o that_o be_v withdraw_v the_o bladder_n be_v more_o and_o more_o expanded_a by_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o internal_a air_n till_o at_o length_n when_o the_o receiver_n be_v well_o exhaust_v it_o appear_v to_o be_v quite_o full_a notwithstanding_o which_o great_a dilatation_n of_o the_o include_v air_n it_o do_v not_o appear_v by_o the_o depression_n of_o the_o opposite_a scale_n to_o be_v grow_v manifest_o light_a than_o it_o be_v at_o first_o and_o the_o bladder_n seem_v also_o to_o retain_v the_o same_o weight_n after_o it_o have_v by_o the_o air_n that_o be_v let_v into_o the_o receiver_n be_v compress_v into_o its_o former_a wrinkle_a state_n new_a experiment_n about_o the_o differ_v pressure_n of_o heavy_a solid_n and_o fluid_n new_a experiment_n about_o the_o differ_a pressure_n of_o heavy_a solid_n and_o fluid_n since_o not_o only_o in_o vulgar_a spectator_n of_o physicomechanical_a experiment_n but_o even_o among_o some_o learned_a man_n it_o have_v prove_v a_o great_a impediment_n to_o man_n free_o acquiesce_v in_o
between_o the_o effect_n of_o the_o pressure_n make_v upon_o body_n by_o incumbent_n or_o otherwise_o apply_v solid_a weight_n and_o those_o that_o they_o suffer_v from_o heavy_a but_o every_o way_n ambient_fw-la fluid_n as_o will_v appear_v by_o the_o experiment_n to_o be_v mention_v by_o and_o by_o from_o the_o particular_n contain_v in_o these_o consideration_n we_o may_v be_v assist_v to_o show_v why_o it_o be_v not_o necessary_a that_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n though_o as_o great_a as_o we_o suppose_v it_o shall_v oppress_v and_o crush_v the_o body_n of_o man_n that_o live_v under_o it_o for_o the_o solidity_n of_o the_o bone_n and_o the_o strong_a texture_n of_o the_o membrane_n and_o fibre_n and_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o aereal_a particle_n that_o abound_v in_o the_o soft_a as_o well_v as_o in_o the_o fluid_a part_n of_o body_n be_v equivalent_a to_o the_o pressure_n of_o as_o much_o of_o the_o atmosphere_n as_o can_v exercise_v its_o pressure_n against_o they_o and_o make_v the_o frame_n of_o a_o humane_a body_n so_o firm_a that_o it_o may_v well_o resist_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o outward_a air_n without_o have_v any_o part_n violent_o dislocate_v whilst_o the_o external_a pressure_n be_v exercise_v but_o by_o the_o air_n which_o be_v but_o a_o environ_v fluid_a press_v it_o equal_o as_o to_o sense_n on_o every_o side_n and_o because_o our_o body_n have_v be_v produce_v in_o the_o atmosphere_n and_o from_o our_o very_a birth_n expose_v without_o intermission_n to_o the_o pressure_n of_o it_o our_o continual_a accustomance_n to_o this_o pressure_n and_o the_o firmness_n of_o their_o structure_n keep_v we_o from_o be_v sensible_a of_o the_o weight_n or_o pressure_n and_o that_o it_o be_v not_o impertinent_a for_o i_o to_o mention_v the_o firmness_n of_o the_o frame_n of_o our_o body_n on_o this_o occasion_n i_o shall_v manifest_v by_o a_o instance_n that_o will_v upon_o another_o account_n also_o be_v proper_a for_o this_o place_n we_o know_v that_o multitude_n of_o man_n have_v have_v occasion_n to_o pass_v over_o high_a mountain_n and_o beside_o that_o i_o have_v be_v myself_o upon_o the_o alps_o and_o apennines_n i_o have_v inquire_v of_o traveller_n that_o have_v visit_v the_o asian_a and_o american_n mountain_n and_o some_o that_o have_v be_v upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o pick_n of_o tenerif_n itself_o but_o though_o divers_a of_o they_o take_v notice_n of_o a_o great_a difference_n in_o the_o air_n at_o the_o top_n and_o bottom_n as_o to_o some_o other_o quality_n as_o coldness_n and_o thinness_n yet_o i_o never_o meet_v with_o nor_o hear_v of_o any_o that_o take_v notice_n of_o a_o difference_n as_o to_o the_o weight_n of_o air_n he_o sustain_v or_o that_o complain_v that_o when_o he_o be_v come_v down_o to_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o mountain_n he_o feel_v any_o great_a compression_n from_o the_o air_n than_o at_o the_o top_n and_o yet_o the_o experiment_n make_v as_o well_o by_o other_o as_o by_o ourselves_o sufficient_o witness_n than_o on_o more_o elevate_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o have_v a_o less_o height_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n incumbent_a on_o they_o the_o weight_n and_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n be_v not_o so_o great_a as_o below_o and_o on_o very_o high_a mountain_n it_o be_v not_o unlikely_a that_o this_o difference_n may_v be_v very_o considerable_a since_o when_o the_o torricellian_a experiment_n be_v make_v near_o clermont_n in_o france_n upon_o the_o puy_n de_fw-fr domme_n which_o be_v none_o of_o the_o high_a mountain_n in_o the_o world_n be_v find_v by_o the_o ingenious_a maker_n of_o that_o observation_n to_o be_v but_o about_o 500_o fathom_n they_o find_v the_o difference_n of_o the_o mercury_n at_o the_o top_n and_o bottom_n to_o amount_v to_o about_o three_o inch_n and_o consequent_o if_o the_o trial_n have_v be_v make_v with_o water_n instead_o of_o quicksilver_n the_o difference_n will_v have_v be_v about_o three_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a in_o the_o perpendicular_a height_n of_o the_o water_n and_o it_o be_v very_o probable_a that_o in_o much_o high_a mountain_n the_o difference_n of_o the_o mercurial_a cylinder_n height_n at_o the_o top_n and_o bottom_n may_v be_v much_o great_a and_o at_o the_o bottom_n of_o some_o very_a deep_a well_o or_o mineral_n groove_v which_o may_v without_o improbability_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v place_v at_o or_o near_o the_o foot_n of_o one_o of_o these_o mountain_n if_o we_o conceive_v the_o baroscope_n to_o be_v let_v down_o the_o variation_n of_o the_o height_n of_o the_o mercurial_a cylinder_n may_v be_v yet_o much_o more_o considerable_a and_o yet_o we_o find_v not_o that_o the_o digger_n in_o the_o deep_a mine_n in_o mountainous_a country_n be_v sensible_a of_o be_v lean_v on_o or_o compress_v by_o any_o unusual_a weight_n but_o not_o here_o to_o build_v on_o any_o thing_n but_o matter_n of_o fact_n it_o appear_v by_o the_o new_o name_v observation_n that_o when_o a_o man_n be_v at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o hill_n he_o have_v as_o much_o great_a weight_n of_o air_n lean_v upon_o his_o head_n than_o he_o have_v at_o the_o top_n as_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o height_n of_o a_o imaginary_a vessel_n full_a of_o water_n which_o have_v his_o head_n for_o basis_n be_v three_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a high_a which_o be_v so_o considerable_a a_o weight_n as_o can_v not_o but_o have_v be_v not_o only_o sensible_a but_o very_o troublesome_a and_o uneasy_a to_o support_v and_o what_o have_v be_v say_v of_o the_o gravity_n of_o a_o pail_n of_o water_n that_o lean_v on_o his_o head_n may_v be_v proportionable_o apply_v to_o his_o shoulder_n arm_n etc._n etc._n whence_o i_o think_v i_o may_v infer_v that_o the_o reason_n why_o such_o a_o weight_n be_v not_o feel_v by_o the_o man_n it_o compress_v be_v not_o that_o the_o air_n that_o press_v he_o be_v not_o considerable_a but_o that_o the_o pressure_n be_v exercise_v after_o the_o uniform_a manner_n of_o fluid_a body_n and_o this_o may_v suffice_v to_o show_v that_o there_o be_v no_o necessity_n that_o the_o compression_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n shall_v make_v it_o impossible_a to_o live_v in_o it_o but_o because_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o those_o that_o dive_v to_o great_a depth_n under_o water_n be_v not_o oppress_v by_o the_o great_a weight_n of_o the_o incumbent_a water_n and_o the_o cause_n of_o this_o strange_a phaenomenon_n be_v not_o so_o easy_a to_o be_v assign_v and_o therefore_o have_v be_v make_v one_o of_o the_o two_o grand_a argument_n whereon_o the_o non-gravitation_a of_o water_n in_o water_n and_o air_n in_o air_n have_v be_v and_o still_o remain_v found_v i_o shall_v here_o offer_v something_o ex_fw-la abundanti_fw-la towards_o the_o solution_n of_o that_o noble_a and_o difficult_a problem_n and_o first_o that_o what_o be_v observe_v by_o the_o divers_a do_v not_o evince_v that_o water_n do_v not_o weigh_v in_o water_n i_o have_v elsewhere_o paradox_n elsewhere_o see_v the_o hydrostatical_a paradox_n prove_v by_o such_o reason_n and_o experiment_n as_o have_v the_o good_a fortune_n to_o convince_v eminent_o learned_a man_n that_o be_v sufficient_o prepossess_v with_o the_o vulgar_a opinion_n and_o in_o the_o same_o treatise_n i_o have_v give_v a_o clear_a account_n why_o a_o bucket_n full_a of_o water_n be_v not_o feel_v considerable_o heavy_a whilst_o it_o be_v under_o water_n in_o comparison_n of_o what_o it_o be_v whilst_o it_o be_v draw_v up_o into_o the_o air_n which_o be_v the_o other_o phaenomenon_n that_o i_o fresh_o intimate_v the_o common_a opinion_n to_o be_v found_v on_o next_o i_o do_v not_o think_v it_o strange_a that_o that_o follow_v not_o which_o it_o be_v object_v shall_v follow_v from_o our_o hypothesis_n namely_o that_o a_o diver_n shall_v be_v violent_o depress_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o water_n by_o the_o weight_n of_o so_o great_a a_o pillar_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o be_v place_v perpendicular_o over_o his_o body_n for_o if_o we_o imagine_v a_o 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of_o experiment_n former_o make_v the_o author_n can_v now_o charge_v his_o memory_n
beside_o create_v another_o difficulty_n to_o which_o we_o find_v middle-sized_a receiver_n also_o obnoxious_a for_o several_a time_n when_o the_o experiment_n require_v a_o intense_a heat_n within_o the_o receiver_n than_o especial_o if_o some_o casual_a obstacle_n hinder_v the_o quick_a exhaustion_n the_o heat_n of_o the_o ignited_a iron_n or_o some_o such_o other_o include_v body_n will_v so_o melt_v or_o soften_v the_o cement_n that_o fasten_v the_o receiver_n to_o the_o engine_n that_o when_o the_o glass_n be_v bring_v to_o be_v well_o exhaust_v and_o sometime_o also_o before_o the_o external_a air_n will_v by_o its_o pressure_n and_o fluidity_n squeeze_v or_o thrust_v in_o somewhere_o or_o other_o the_o yield_a cement_n and_o thereby_o cause_n in_o the_o instrument_n a_o leak_n that_o will_v much_o incommodate_v we_o if_o not_o reduce_v we_o to_o begin_v the_o experiment_n again_o in_o so_o much_o that_o for_o some_o trial_n we_o be_v fain_o to_o provide_v a_o cement_n on_o 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to_o the_o second_o of_o those_o two_o chapter_n that_o i_o be_o interest_v to_o consider_v in_o which_o the_o learned_a examiner_n be_v please_v
to_o attaque_fw-la three_o or_o four_o of_o my_o hydrostatical_a opinion_n and_o explication_n in_o the_o defence_n whereof_o i_o hope_v i_o shall_v be_v the_o less_o put_v to_o exercise_v your_o patience_n because_o the_o learned_a doctor_n himself_o be_v please_v to_o grant_v i_o almost_o as_o much_o as_o i_o need_v desire_n concern_v the_o truth_n of_o the_o hypothesis_n whereon_o my_o paradox_n and_o explication_n be_v found_v for_o whereas_o the_o main_a thing_n i_o suppose_v in_o my_o hydrostatical_a paper_n be_v that_o in_o water_n though_o stagnant_a the_o superior_a part_n do_v actual_o though_o not_o always_o prevalent_o gravitate_fw-la upon_o the_o inferior_a or_o if_o you_o will_v press_v upon_o they_o even_o when_o they_o do_v not_o sensible_o depress_v they_o the_o doctor_n in_o divers_a place_n allow_v this_o hypothesis_n to_o be_v consonant_n to_o the_o principle_n of_o the_o mechanical_a philosophy_n and_o according_o have_v show_v that_o in_o a_o suspend_v tub_n of_o water_n the_o whole_a liquor_n gravitates_fw-la upon_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o tub_n he_o subjoin_v 161._o subjoin_v p._n 161._o jam_fw-la verò_fw-la cum_fw-la tota_fw-la haec_fw-la aqua_fw-la constet_fw-la ex_fw-la particulis_fw-la aqueis_fw-la non_fw-la compactis_fw-la vel_fw-la concretis_fw-la sed_fw-la solutis_fw-la à _fw-la se_fw-la inuicem_fw-la impossibile_fw-it est_fw-la ut_fw-la omnes_fw-la fundum_fw-la situlae_fw-la premant_fw-la nisi_fw-la infima_fw-la quaeque_fw-la ab_fw-la omnibus_fw-la superioribus_fw-la prematur_fw-la quemadmodum_fw-la clarè_v demonstravimus_fw-la in_o secunda_fw-la sectione_n huius_fw-la capitis_fw-la nempe_fw-la si_fw-la nullae_fw-la causae_fw-la nisi_fw-la purè_fw-la mechanicae_fw-la quales_fw-la sunt_fw-la motus_fw-la localis_fw-la magnitudo_fw-la figura_fw-la etc._n etc._n in_o edendo_fw-la hoc_fw-la phaenomeno_fw-la se_fw-la intermiscent_fw-la and_o elsewhere_o in_o the_o same_o chapter_n he_o speak_v thus_o of_o the_o gravitation_n of_o liquor_n 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dare_v say_v do_v it_o very_o sincere_o admit_v or_o rather_o assert_v a_o incorporeal_a be_v that_o make_v and_o govern_v the_o world_n yet_o all_o that_o i_o have_v endeavour_v to_o do_v in_o the_o explication_n of_o what_o happen_v among_o inanimate_a body_n be_v to_o show_v that_o suppose_v the_o world_n to_o have_v be_v at_o first_o make_v and_o to_o be_v continual_o preserve_v by_o god_n divine_a power_n and_o wisdom_n and_o suppose_v his_o general_n concourse_n to_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o law_n he_o have_v establish_v in_o it_o the_o phaenomena_n i_o strive_v to_o explicate_v may_v be_v solve_v mechanical_o that_o be_v by_o the_o mechanical_a affection_n of_o matter_n without_o recourse_n to_o nature_n abhorrence_n of_o a_o vacuum_n to_o substantial_a form_n or_o to_o other_o incorporeal_a creature_n and_o therefore_o if_o i_o have_v show_v that_o the_o phaenomena_n i_o have_v endeavour_v to_o account_v for_o be_v explicable_a by_o the_o motion_n bigness_n gravity_n 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vasis_fw-la sed_fw-la singulae_fw-la singulas_fw-la in_o eadem_fw-la serie_fw-la subjectas_fw-la actu_fw-la premetent_a to_o which_o assertion_n he_o immediate_o subjoin_v this_o argument_n to_o prove_v it_o by_o 155._o by_o p._n 155._o cu_z diameter_n laminae_fw-la ligneae_fw-la h_n m_n part_n 61._o habeat_fw-la aequales_fw-la diameter_n vasis_fw-la he_o habeat_fw-la 62_o manifestum_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la superficies_n fundi_fw-la vasis_fw-la ad_fw-la superficiem_fw-la laminae_fw-la se_fw-la habet_fw-la ut_fw-la 3844._o ad_fw-la 3721_o quorum_fw-la differentia_fw-la est_fw-la 123._o itaque_fw-la rotundum_fw-la intervallum_fw-la inter_fw-la latera_fw-la vasis_fw-la &_o marginem_fw-la laminae_fw-la ligneae_fw-la habet_fw-la se_fw-la ad_fw-la aream_fw-la laminae_fw-la ut_fw-la 123._o ad_fw-la 3721_o hoc_fw-la est_fw-la area_n laminae_fw-la ligneae_fw-la excedit_fw-la aream_fw-la dicti_fw-la intervalli_fw-la plusquam_fw-la triginta_fw-la vicibus_fw-la ac_fw-la proinde_fw-la aqua_fw-la 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matter_n of_o fact_n be_v true_a but_o after_o i_o have_v in_o vain_a seek_v the_o doctor_n meaning_n where_o i_o expect_v it_o chance_v late_o to_o cast_v my_o eye_n on_o another_o place_n where_o i_o see_v my_o scheme_n repeat_v i_o find_v this_o passage_n in_o the_o explication_n he_o endeavour_v to_o give_v of_o the_o phaenomenon_n by_o his_o hylarchical_a principle_n cùm_fw-la verò_fw-la tam_fw-la profundè_fw-la immergitur_fw-la tubus_fw-la ut_fw-la obturaculum_fw-la tangat_fw-la superficiem_fw-la v._o w_n vis_fw-la retractionis_fw-la aeris_fw-la ita_fw-la augetur_fw-la ut_fw-la etiam_fw-la ponderis_fw-la appensi_fw-la superadditam_fw-la depressioneâ—_n superet_fw-la videtur_fw-la igitur_fw-la quasi_fw-la quaedâ—m_fw-la sursum-suctio_a aeris_fw-la in_o tubo_fw-la contenti_fw-la &_o conformis_fw-la ac_fw-la contemporanea_fw-la aquae_fw-la compulsio_fw-la in_o obturaculum_fw-la quo_fw-la tam_fw-la firmiter_fw-la in_o os_fw-la valvulae_fw-la comprimitur_fw-la ibique_fw-la cum_fw-la 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