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assist_v other_o to_o arrive_v at_o and_o as_o for_o my_o
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the_o cavity_n upward_o emerge_n and_o i_o be_o the_o more_o solicitous_a to_o have_v thing_n in_o the_o hydrostaticks_n due_o ascertain_v because_o the_o weigh_v of_o body_n in_o liquor_n may_v hereafter_o appear_v to_o be_v one_o of_o the_o general_a way_n i_o have_v employ_v and_o will_v recommend_v for_o the_o examine_n of_o almost_o all_o sort_n of_o tangible_a body_n the_o content_n paradox_n 1._o that_o in_o water_n and_o other_o fluid_n the_o low_a part_n be_v press_v by_o the_o upper_a 24_o par._n 2._o that_o a_o light_a fluid_n may_v gravitate_fw-la or_o weigh_v upon_o a_o heavy_a 43_o par._n 3._o that_o if_o a_o body_n contignous_a to_o the_o water_n be_v altogether_o or_o in_o part_n low_a than_o the_o high_a level_n of_o the_o say_a water_n the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o body_n will_v be_v press_v upward_o by_o the_o water_n that_o touch_v it_o beneath_o 67_o par._n 4._o that_o in_o the_o ascension_n of_o water_n in_o pump_n etc._n etc._n there_o need_v nothing_o to_o 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height_n and_o so_o likewise_o if_o the_o water_n that_o lean_v upon_o the_o body_n be_v contain_v in_o pipe_n open_a at_o both_o end_n the_o pressure_n of_o the_o water_n be_v to_o be_v estimate_v by_o the_o weight_n of_o a_o pillar_n of_o water_n who_o basis_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o low_a orifice_n of_o the_o pipe_n which_o we_o suppose_v to_o be_v parallel_n to_o the_o horizon_n and_o its_o height_n equal_a to_o a_o perpendicular_a reach_v thence_o to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n though_o the_o pipe_n be_v much_o incline_v towards_o the_o horizon_n or_o think_v it_o be_v irregular_o shape_v and_o much_o broad_a in_o some_o part_n than_o the_o say_a orifice_n 117_o par._n 7._o that_o a_o body_n immerse_v in_o a_o fluid_fw-la sustain_v a_o lateral_a pressure_n from_o
consider_v that_o in_o such_o tubes_fw-la as_o the_o torricelliah_n experiment_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v make_v in_o the_o largeness_n of_o they_o will_v make_v they_o unfit_a for_o this_o trial_n and_o i_o have_v know_v ingenious_a man_n that_o be_v very_o well_o exercise_v in_o make_v such_o experiment_n complain_v that_o they_o can_v never_o make_v this_o of_o paschall'_v to_o succeed_v in_o which_o attempt_n that_o the_o size_n of_o the_o tube_n much_o contribute_v to_o the_o unsuccesfulness_n of_o the_o trial_n i_o shall_v without_o repeat_v what_o have_v be_v already_o intimate_v to_o that_o purpose_n in_o the_o follow_a part_n of_o this_o discourse_n have_v opportunity_n to_o manifest_v and_o withal_o to_o add_v as_o illustrious_a a_o proof_n of_o this_o our_o second_o paradox_n as_o almost_o any_o we_o have_v yet_o give_v paradox_n iii_o that_o if_o a_o body_n contiguous_a to_o the_o water_n be_v altogether_o or_o in_o part_n low_a than_o the_o high_a level_n of_o the_o say_a 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there_o be_v no_o accidental_a impediment_n the_o body_n will_v be_v buoy_v or_o lift_v up_o and_o though_o the_o body_n be_v heavy_a than_o so_o much_o water_n and_o consequent_o will_v subside_o yet_o that_o endeavour_v upward_o of_o the_o water_n that_o touch_v its_o low_a part_n be_v only_o render_v ineffectual_a to_o the_o raise_n or_o support_v the_o body_n but_o not_o destroy_v the_o force_n of_o the_o heavy_a body_n be_v from_o time_n to_o time_n resist_v and_o retard_v by_o the_o water_n as_o much_o as_o it_o will_v be_v if_o that_o body_n be_v put_v into_o one_o scale_n and_o the_o weight_n of_o as_o much_o water_n as_o be_v equal_a to_o it_o in_o bulk_n be_v put_v into_o the_o other_o to_o confirm_v this_o we_o may_v have_v recourse_n to_o what_o we_o say_v in_o the_o explication_n of_o the_o second_o experiment_n 2._o for_o in_o case_n the_o slender_a pipe_n wherein_o the_o water_n be_v keep_v suspend_v be_v thrust_v deep_a into_o the_o oil_n or_o in_o case_n these_o be_v more_o oil_n pour_v into_o the_o vessel_n the_o water_n will_v be_v impel_v up_o high_o into_o the_o pipe_n which_o it_o will_v not_o be_v if_o the_o oil_n though_o bulk_n for_o bulk_n a_o light_a body_n do_v not_o press_v against_o the_o low_a surface_n of_o the_o water_n where_o alone_o the_o two_o liquor_n be_v contiguous_a more_o forcible_o than_o the_o water_n by_o its_o gravity_n tend_v downwards_o and_o even_o when_o the_o liquor_n rest_v in_o a_o aequilibrium_fw-la the_o oil_n continual_o press_v upwards_o against_o the_o low_a surface_n of_o the_o water_n since_o in_o that_o continual_a endeavour_n upwards_o consist_v its_o constant_a resistance_n to_o the_o continual_a endeavour_n that_o the_o gravity_n of_o the_o water_n give_v it_o to_o descend_v and_o since_o the_o same_o phaenomenon_n happen_v whether_o we_o suspend_v water_n in_o oil_n as_o in_o the_o second_o experiment_n on_o oil_n in_o water_n as_o in_o the_o first_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o proposition_n be_v as_o well_o applicable_a to_o those_o case_n where_o the_o sustain_v body_n be_v specifical_o heavy_a as_o to_o those_o where_o it_o be_v specifical_o light_a than_o the_o subjacent_a fluid_n but_o a_o further_o and_o clear_a proof_n of_o this_o doctrine_n will_v appear_v in_o the_o explication_n of_o the_o next_o proposition_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n to_o confirm_v that_o part_n of_o out_o discourse_v where_o we_o mention_v the_o resistance_n make_v by_o the_o water_n to_o body_n that_o sink_v in_o it_o let_v we_o suppose_v in_o the_o annex_v figure_n that_o the_o pipe_n e_o f_o contain_v a_o oil_n specifical_o heavy_a than_o water_n 4._o as_o be_v the_o oil_n of_o guaisteum_n of_o cinnamon_n or_o clove_n and_o some_o other_o and_o then_o that_o the_o oil_n in_o the_o pipe_n and_o the_o water_n without_o be_v at_o rest_n in_o a_o aequilibrium_fw-la the_o pipe_n be_v slow_o raise_v towards_o the_o top_n of_o the_o vessel_n it_o be_v evident_a from_o our_o former_a doctrine_n and_o from_o experience_n too_o that_o there_o will_v run_v out_o drop_v of_o oil_n which_o will_v fall_v from_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o pipe_n to_o that_o of_o the_o vessel_n but_o far_o more_o slow_o than_o if_o they_o fall_v out_o of_o the_o same_o pipe_n in_o the_o air_n now_o to_o compute_v how_o much_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o water_n against_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o drop_n amount_v too_o let_v we_o suppose_v the_o drop_n to_o be_v g_z to_o who_o lowermost_a part_n there_o be_v contigueus_fw-mi in_o any_o assignable_a place_n where_o it_o fall_v the_o imaginary_a superficies_n h_o j._n it_o be_v evident_a that_o if_o the_o drop_n of_o oil_n be_v not_o there_o its_o place_n will_v be_v supply_v by_o a_o equal_a bulk_n of_o water_n which_o be_v of_o the_o same_o specific_a gravity_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o vessel_n the_o surface_n h_n i_o will_v be_v lade_v every_o where_o alike_o and_o consequent_o to_o part_v of_o it_o will_v be_v displace_v but_o now_o the_o drop_n of_o oil_n be_v heavy_a than_o so_o much_o water_n that_o part_n of_o the_o imaginary_a superficies_n on_o which_o that_o drop_n lean_v have_v more_o weight_n upon_o it_o than_o any_o other_o equal_a part_n of_o the_o same_o superficies_n and_o consequent_o will_v give_v place_n to_o the_o descend_a drop_n and_o since_o the_o case_n of_o every_o other_o suppose_a surface_n at_o which_o the_o drop_n can_v be_v conceive_v to_o arrive_v in_o its_o descent_n will_v be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o the_o superficies_n h_n i_o it_o will_v for_o the_o reason_n new_o give_v continue_v fall_v till_o it_o come_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o vessel_n which_o will_v suffer_v it_o to_o fall_v no_o further_o and_o in_o case_n the_o drop_n g_z be_v not_o as_o we_o suppose_v it_o of_o a_o substance_n heavy_a in_o specie_fw-la then_o water_n but_o just_o equal_a to_o it_o the_o contiguous_a part_n of_o the_o superficies_n h_n i_o will_v be_v neither_o more_o nor_o less_o charge_v than_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o same_o supeficies_n and_o the_o part_n lean_v on_o will_v be_v neither_o depress_v nor_o raise_v but_o the_o drop_n g_o will_v continue_v in_o the_o same_o place_n and_o so_o we_o may_v prove_v what_o be_v affirm_v by_o archimedes_n and_o other_o hydrostatical_a writer_n that_o a_o body_n acquiponderant_fw-la in_o specie_fw-la to_o water_n will_v rest_v in_o any_o assignable_a place_n of_o the_o water_n where_o it_o be_v put_v and_o to_o proceed_v further_a since_o if_o the_o drop_n g_z be_v of_o a_o matter_n but_o acquiponderant_a to_o water_v it_o will_v not_o sink_v low_o at_o all_o no_o more_o than_o emerge_n it_o follow_v that_o though_o be_v heavy_a in_o specie_fw-la then_o water_n it_o will_v fall_v yet_o the_o gravity_n upon_o who_o account_n it_o fall_v be_v no_o more_o than_o that_o by_o which_o it_o surmount_v a_o equal_a bulk_n of_o water_n since_o if_o it_o be_v not_o for_o that_o over_o plus_fw-fr the_o resistance_n of_o the_o water_n will_v hinder_v it_o from_o fall_v at_o all_o and_o consequent_o it_o lose_v in_o the_o water_n just_a as_o much_o of_o the_o weight_n it_o will_v have_v in_o the_o air_n as_o so_o much_o water_n weigh_v likewise_o in_o the_o same_o air_n will_v amount_v to_o which_o be_v a_o physical_a account_n of_o that_o grand_a theorem_fw-la of_o the_o hydrostaticks_n which_o i_o do_v not_o remember_v that_o i_o have_v see_v make_v out_o in_o any_o print_a book_n both_o solid_o and_o clear_o the_o learned_a stevinus_n himself_o to_o who_o the_o late_a writer_n be_v wont_a to_o refer_v have_v but_o a_o obscure_a and_o not_o physical_a demonstration_n of_o it_o and_o because_o this_o theorem_fw-la be_v not_o only_o very_o noble_a but_o as_o we_o else_o where_o manifest_a very_o useful_a it_o will_v
not_o be_v amiss_o to_o add_v that_o it_o may_v easy_o be_v confirm_v by_o experiment_n for_o if_o you_o take_v for_o instance_n a_o piece_n of_o lead_n and_o hang_v it_o by_o a_o horse_n hair_n that_o be_v suppose_v very_o near_o acquiponderant_a to_o water_n from_o one_o of_o the_o scale_n of_o a_o exact_a balance_n and_o when_o you_o have_v put_v a_o just_a connterpoize_n in_o the_o other_o scale_n suffer_v the_o lead_n to_o sink_v in_o a_o ressel_n of_o water_n till_o it_o be_v perfect_o cover_v with_o it_o but_o hang_v free_o in_o it_o the_o counterpoise_n will_v very_o much_o preponderance_n and_o part_n of_o the_o counterpoise_n be_v take_v out_o till_o the_o ballatice_n be_v again_o reduce_v to_o a_o aequilibrium_fw-la you_o may_v easy_o by_o subduct_v what_o you_o have_v take_v out_o and_o compare_v it_o with_o the_o whole_a weight_n of_o the_o lead_n in_o the_o air_n find_v what_o part_n of_o its_o weight_n it_o lose_v in_o the_o water_n and_o then_o if_o you_o weigh_v any_o other_o piece_n of_o the_o same_o lead_n suppose_v a_o lump_n of_o 12_o ounce_n and_o hang_v it_o by_o a_o horse_n hair_n at_o one_o scale_n you_o may_v be_v sure_a that_o by_o put_v into_o the_o other_o scale_v a_o weight_n less_o by_o a_o twelve_o part_n suppose_v lead_n to_o water_n to_o be_v as_o twelve_o to_o one_o that_o be_v eleven_o ounce_n though_o the_o weight_n be_v far_o from_o a_o aequilibrium_fw-la in_o the_o air_n they_o will_v be_v reduce_v to_o it_o when_o the_o lead_v it_o cover_v with_o water_n the_o pressure_n of_o water_n against_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o body_n immerse_v in_o it_o may_v be_v confirm_v by_o add_v that_o we_o may_v thence_o deduce_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o emergency_n of_o wood_n and_o other_o body_n light_a than_o water_n which_o though_o a_o familiar_a effect_n i_o have_v not_o find_v its_o cause_n to_o have_v be_v so_o much_o as_o inquire_v into_o by_o many_o nor_o perhaps_o to_o have_v be_v well_o render_v by_o any_o if_o we_o suppose_v then_o that_o the_o pipe_n be_v almost_o fill_v not_o with_o a_o sink_n but_o a_o swim_a oil_n as_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n if_o as_o in_o the_o first_o experiment_n the_o low_a orifice_n be_v thrust_v under_o water_n to_o a_o far_o less_o depth_n then_o that_o of_o the_o oil_n in_o the_o pipe_n and_o the_o upper_a be_v slow_o unstopped_a the_o oil_n will_v as_o we_o former_o declare_v get_v out_o in_o drop_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o pipe_n but_o to_o determine_v why_o these_o drop_n be_v quite_o cover_v and_o surround_v with_o water_n and_o press_v by_o it_o as_o well_o downwards_o as_o upwards_o shall_v rather_o emerge_n then_o descend_v i_o shall_v not_o content_v myself_o to_o say_v that_o water_n in_o specie_fw-la heavy_a than_o this_o kind_n of_o oil_n for_o beside_o that_o in_o some_o case_n ere_o long_o to_o be_v mention_v i_o have_v make_v the_o water_n to_o depress_v even_o this_o kind_n off_o oil_n and_o beside_o that_o it_o be_v not_o every_o piece_n of_o wood_n light_a in_o specie_fw-la then_o water_n that_o will_v float_v upon_o water_n how_o shallow_a soever_o it_o be_v the_o question_n be_v how_o this_o praepollent_a gravity_n of_o the_o water_n come_v to_o raise_v up_o the_o oil_n though_o there_o be_v perchance_o much_o more_o water_n for_o it_o to_o break_v its_o way_n through_o above_o it_o then_o beneath_o it_o the_o reason_n then_o of_o the_o emersion_n of_o light_a body_n in_o heavy_a fluid_n seem_v to_o be_v this_o that_o the_o endeavour_n upward_o of_o the_o water_n contiguous_a to_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o body_n be_v strong_a than_o the_o endeavour_n downward_o of_o the_o same_o body_n and_o the_o water_n incumbent_a on_o it_o as_o in_o the_o former_a scheme_n suppose_v the_o drop_n g_o to_o be_v the_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n and_o to_o touch_v the_o two_o imaginary_a and_o parallel_a plain_n h_n i_o k_o l_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o upon_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o drop_n n_o there_o be_v a_o great_a pressure_n of_o water_n then_o upon_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o same_o drop_n m_o because_o that_o upon_o all_o the_o surface_n k_o l_o there_o be_v but_o a_o uniform_a pressure_n of_o water_n a_o k_o b_o l_o and_o upon_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o surface_n h_n i_o there_o be_v a_o great_a weight_n of_o water_n a_o h_n b_o i_o except_o at_o the_o part_n n_o for_o there_o the_o oil_n g_o be_v not_o so_o heavy_a as_o so_o much_o water_n the_o oil_n be_v expose_v to_o a_o great_a pressure_n from_o beneath_o than_o its_o own_o gravity_n and_o that_o of_o the_o water_n incumbent_a on_o it_o will_v enable_v it_o to_o resist_v must_v necessary_o give_v way_n and_o be_v impel_v upward_o and_o the_o case_n be_v the_o same_o between_o that_o and_o any_o other_o parallel_n plain_a wheresoever_o we_o suppose_v it_o to_o be_v in_o its_o ascent_n it_o must_v consequent_o be_v impel_v further_a and_o further_o upward_o till_o it_o arrive_v at_o the_o top_n and_o there_o it_o will_v float_v upon_o the_o water_n or_o to_o explicate_v the_o matter_n without_o figure_n when_o a_o specifical_o light_a body_n be_v immerse_v under_o water_n it_o be_v press_v against_o by_o two_o pillar_n of_o water_n the_o one_o bear_v against_o the_o upper_a and_o the_o other_o against_o the_o low_a part_n and_o because_o the_o length_n of_o both_o these_o pillar_n must_v be_v compute_v from_o the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o immersed_a body_n must_v be_v press_v upon_o by_o a_o pillar_n long_o than_o the_o upper_a part_n by_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o immersed_a body_n and_o consequent_o must_v be_v press_v more_o upward_o then_o downward_o and_o by_o how_o much_o the_o great_a disparity_n of_o specific_a gravity_n there_o be_v betwixt_o the_o water_n and_o the_o emerge_a body_n by_o so_o much_o the_o swift_a caeteris_fw-la paribus_fw-la it_o will_v ascend_v because_o so_o much_o the_o more_o will_v there_o be_v of_o pressure_n upon_o all_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o imaginary_a surface_n then_o upon_o that_o part_n that_o happen_v to_o be_v contiguous_a to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o ascend_a body_n and_o upon_o the_o same_o ground_n we_o may_v give_v what_o we_o have_v not_o yet_o meet_v with_o a_o good_a solution_n of_o that_o problem_n propose_v by_o hydrostatical_a writer_n why_o if_o a_o cylindrical_a stick_n be_v cut_v in_o two_o part_n the_o one_o as_o long_o again_o as_o the_o other_o and_o both_o of_o they_o have_v be_v detain_v under_o water_n at_o the_o same_o depth_n be_v let_v go_v at_o the_o same_o time_n and_o permit_v to_o emerge_n the_o great_a will_v rise_v fast_o than_o the_o lesser_a for_o suppose_v one_o of_o these_o body_n as_o o_o p_o to_o be_v two_o foot_n high_a and_o the_o other_o q_o r_o to_o be_v half_a so_o much_o and_o that_o the_o lowermost_a surface_n of_o both_o be_v in_o the_o same_o imaginary_a plain_n parallel_n to_o the_o uppermost_a surface_n of_o the_o water_n and_o three_o foot_n distant_a from_o it_o in_o this_o case_n there_o will_v be_v against_o the_o low_a part_n of_o each_o of_o the_o wooden_a body_n a_o pressure_n from_o the_o lateral_o superior_a water_n equal_a to_o that_o upon_o all_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o imaginary_a plain_n whereto_o those_o body_n be_v contiguous_a but_o whereas_o upon_o the_o upper_a surface_n of_o the_o short_a body_n q_n r_o there_o will_v lean_v a_o pillar_n of_o water_n two_o foot_n high_a the_o pillar_n of_o the_o same_o liquor_n that_o will_v lean_v upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o tall_a body_n p_o o_o will_v be_v but_o one_o foot_n high_a as_o the_o attentive_a considerer_n will_v easy_o perceive_v so_o that_o the_o wooden_a body_n being_n light_a in_o specie_fw-la then_o water_n both_o of_o they_o will_v be_v impel_v upward_o but_o that_o compound_a pillar_n if_o i_o may_v so_o call_v it_o which_o consist_v of_o one_o foot_n of_o wood_n and_o two_o foot_n of_o water_n will_v by_o its_o gravity_n more_o resist_v the_o be_v raise_v then_o that_o which_o consist_v of_o two_o foot_n of_o wood_n and_o but_o one_o foot_n of_o water_n so_o that_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o unequal_a celerity_n in_o the_o ascension_n of_o these_o body_n consist_v chiefl_o for_o i_o will_v neither_o overvalue_v nor_o exclude_v concomitant_a cause_n that_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o pressure_n against_o the_o upper_a and_o low_a part_n of_o each_o body_n respective_o be_v great_a in_o one_o then_o in_o the_o other_o and_o hence_o we_o may_v probable_o deduce_v a_o reason_n of_o what_o we_o often_o observe_v in_o the_o distillation_n of_o the_o oil_n of_o annisseed_n clove_n and_o diverse_a aromatic_a vegetable_n in_o lembeck_n by_o the_o
the_o hole_n and_o put_v a_o final_a stop_n to_o the_o course_n of_o the_o water_n nor_o be_v i_o able_a to_o take_v out_o the_o needle_n and_o put_v it_o in_o again_o so_o nimble_o but_o that_o the_o air_n find_v time_n to_o get_v into_o the_o syphon_n and_o till_o the_o hole_n be_v again_o stop_v render_v it_o useless_a notwithstanding_o that_o the_o water_n be_v by_o suction_n endeavour_v to_o be_v set_v a_o run_v paradox_n xi_o that_o a_o solid_a body_n as_o ponderous_a as_o any_o yet_o know_v though_o near_o the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n it_o will_v sink_v by_o its_o own_o weight_n yet_o if_o it_o be_v place_v at_o a_o great_a depth_n then_o that_o of_o twenty_o time_n its_o own_o thickness_n it_o will_v not_o sink_v if_o its_o descent_n be_v not_o assist_v by_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o incumbent_a water_n this_o paradox_n have_v never_o be_v that_o i_o know_v of_o propose_v as_o yet_o by_o any_o have_v seem_v so_o little_a credible_a to_o those_o to_o who_o i_o have_v mention_v it_o without_o except_v mathematician_n themselves_o that_o i_o can_v scarce_o hope_v it_o shall_v be_v ready_o and_o general_o receive_v in_o this_o illustrious_a company_n upon_o less_o clear_a testimony_n then_o that_o of_o experience_n and_o therefore_o though_o if_o i_o mistake_v not_o some_o part_n of_o this_o proposition_n may_v be_v plausible_o deduce_v by_o the_o help_n of_o a_o instrument_n ingenious_o think_v upon_o by_o mounseur_fw-fr paschal_n yet_o i_o shall_v have_v recourse_n to_o my_o own_o method_n for_o the_o make_n of_o it_o out_o for_o these_o two_o reason_n the_o one_o that_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o paradox_n must_v be_v explicate_v as_o well_o as_o prove_v by_o the_o doctrine_n already_o settle_v in_o this_o paper_n the_o other_o that_o the_o experiment_n propose_v by_o monsieur_n paschal_n be_v to_o be_v do_v in_o a_o deep_a river_n and_o require_v a_o tube_n 20_o foot_n long_o who_o bottom_n must_v be_v fit_v with_o a_o brass_n cylinder_n make_v with_o a_o exactness_n scarce_o if_o at_o all_o to_o be_v hope_v for_o from_o our_o workman_n if_o i_o shall_v build_v any_o thing_n on_o this_o so_o difficult_a a_o experiment_n which_o himself_o do_v not_o affirm_v to_o have_v ever_o be_v actual_o try_v i_o fear_v most_o man_n will_v rather_o reject_v the_o experiment_n as_o a_o chimaerical_a thing_n then_o receive_v for_o its_o sake_n a_o doctrine_n that_o appear_v to_o they_o very_o extravagant_a let_v we_o then_o to_o employ_v in_o this_o case_n also_o the_o method_n we_o have_v hitherto_o make_v use_n of_o fill_v a_o glass_n vessel_n a_o b_o c_o d_o almost_o full_a of_o water_n 19_o only_o in_o regard_n that_o there_o be_v a_o great_a depth_n of_o water_n requisite_a to_o some_o circumstance_n of_o the_o experiment_n this_o last_o must_v not_o be_v so_o shallow_a as_o those_o hitherto_o employ_v but_o a_o deep_o cylinder_n or_o tube_n seal_v at_o one_o end_n who_o depth_n must_v be_v at_o least_o two_o or_o three_o foot_n though_o its_o breadth_n need_v not_o be_v above_o 2_o or_o 3_o inch_n and_o to_o keep_v it_o upright_o it_o may_v be_v place_v in_o a_o socket_n of_o metal_n or_o wood_n of_o a_o size_n and_o weight_n convenient_a for_o such_o a_o purpose_n this_o glass_n be_v thus_o fit_v in_o water_n let_v we_o suppose_v e_o f_o to_o be_v a_o round_a and_o flat_a piece_n of_o solid_a brass_n have_v about_o a_o inch_n in_o diameter_n and_o a_o four_o or_o six_o part_n of_o a_o inch_n in_o thickness_n this_o cylinder_n be_v immerse_v under_o water_n till_o it_o be_v just_o cover_v by_o the_o uppermost_a surface_n of_o that_o liquor_n and_o be_v let_v go_v must_v necessary_o fall_v downward_o in_o it_o because_o if_o we_o suppose_v the_o imaginary_a superficies_n g_o h_n to_o pass_v along_o the_o circle_n f_o which_o be_v the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o brass_n body_n that_o metal_n be_v in_o specie_fw-la far_o heavy_a than_o water_n the_o brass_n that_o lean_v upon_o the_o part_n f_o must_v far_o more_o gravitate_fw-la upon_o the_o say_a part_n f_o than_o the_o incumbent_a water_n do_v upon_o any_o other_o part_n of_o the_o superficies_n g_o h_n and_o consequent_o the_o subjacent_a water_n at_o f_o will_v be_v thrust_v out_o of_o place_n by_o the_o descend_a body_n and_o because_o that_o in_o what_o part_n soever_o of_o the_o water_n not_o exceed_v nine_o time_n its_o thickness_n measure_v from_o the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n a_o c_o the_o ponderous_a body_n e_o f_o shall_v happen_v to_o be_v there_o will_v be_v still_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o specific_a gravity_n of_o the_o metal_n a_o great_a pressure_n upon_o that_o part_n of_o the_o imaginary_a superficies_n that_o pass_v along_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o body_n on_o which_o the_o part_n f_o shall_v happen_v to_o lean_v then_o upon_o any_o other_o part_n of_o the_o same_o imaginary_a superficies_n the_o brass_n body_n will_v still_o descend_v by_o virtue_n of_o its_o own_o weight_n though_o it_o be_v not_o assist_v by_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o water_n that_o be_v over_o it_o but_o let_v we_o suppose_v it_o to_o be_v place_v under_o water_n on_o the_o designable_a plain_n i_o k_o and_o let_v this_o plain_a which_o as_o all_o other_o imaginary_a plain_n be_v as_o well_o as_o the_o real_a surface_n of_o the_o water_n to_o be_v conceive_v parallel_n to_o the_o horizon_n and_o let_v the_o depth_n or_o distance_n of_o this_o plain_a from_o the_o uppermost_a surface_n of_o the_o water_n be_v some_o what_o above_o nine_o time_n the_o thickness_n of_o the_o brass_n body_n i_o say_v that_o in_o this_o case_n the_o body_n will_v not_o descend_v if_o it_o be_v not_o press_v downward_o by_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o water_n it_o have_v over_o it_o for_o brass_n be_v but_o about_o nine_o time_n fraction_n as_o heavy_a as_o water_v of_o a_o equal_a bulk_n to_o it_o the_o body_n e_o f_o alone_o will_v press_v upon_o the_o part_n f_o but_o as_o much_o as_o a_o cylinder_n of_o water_n will_v which_o have_v a_o equal_a 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that_o of_o the_o incumbent_a water_n and_o must_v continue_v to_o sink_v till_o it_o come_v to_o the_o bottom_n or_o some_o other_o body_n that_o hinder_v its_o far_a descent_n but_o in_o case_n the_o water_n above_o the_o solid_a body_n do_v not_o gravitate_fw-la upon_o it_o and_o thereby_o assist_v its_o descent_n or_o in_o case_n that_o the_o incumbent_a water_n be_v by_o some_o artifice_n or_o other_o so_o remove_v that_o none_o of_o the_o lateral_a water_n if_o i_o may_v so_o call_v it_o can_v succeed_v in_o its_o place_n to_o lean_v upon_o the_o solid_a than_o it_o will_v follow_v from_o what_o we_o have_v new_o show_v that_o the_o solid_a will_v be_v keep_v suspend_v and_o in_o case_n it_o be_v place_v much_o deep_a in_o the_o water_n as_o over_z against_o the_o point_n l_o or_o m_o then_o if_o we_o conceive_v the_o incumbent_a water_n to_o be_v remove_v or_o fence_v off_o from_o it_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o solid_a alone_o upon_o the_o part_n f_o of_o the_o imaginary_a superficies_n l_o m_o be_v very_o much_o inferior_a to_o that_o of_o the_o water_n upon_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o same_o surface_n the_o part_n f_o will_v be_v strong_o impel_v upward_o by_o a_o force_n proportionate_a to_o the_o difference_n of_o those_o two_o pressure_n and_o therefore_o since_o i_o have_v find_v by_o trial_n purposely_o make_v in_o scale_n marvellous_o exact_a and_o with_o refine_a gold_n pure_a than_o perhaps_o any_o that_o be_v ever_o weigh_v in_o water_n that_o gold_n though_o much_o the_o ponderouf_a of_o body_n yet_o know_v in_o the_o world_n be_v not_o full_a 20_o time_n as_o heavy_a as_o water_v of_o the_o same_o bulk_n i_o keep_v within_o compass_n as_o well_o
as_o employ_v a_o round_a number_n as_o they_o call_v it_o when_o i_o say_v that_o no_o body_n yet_o know_v how_o ponderous_a soever_o will_v subside_o in_o water_n by_o its_o own_o weight_n alone_o if_o it_o be_v so_o place_v under_o water_n that_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o water_n do_v above_o twenty_o time_n exceed_v the_o height_n of_o the_o body_n not_o to_o mention_v here_o that_o though_o gold_n and_o water_n be_v weigh_v in_o the_o air_n their_o proportion_n be_v above_o 19_o to_o one_o yet_o in_o the_o water_n gold_n do_v as_o other_o sink_v body_n loose_a as_o much_o of_o its_o weight_n as_o that_o of_o a_o equal_a bulk_n of_o water_n amount_v too_o i_o be_v say_v just_o now_o that_o in_o case_n the_o brazen_a body_n be_v place_v low_o eenough_o beneath_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n and_o keep_v from_o be_v depress_v by_o any_o incumbent_a water_n it_o will_v be_v support_v by_o the_o subjacent_a water_n and_o this_o be_v that_o very_a thing_n that_o i_o be_o now_o to_o show_v by_o a_o experiment_n let_v then_o the_o brass_n body_n e_o f_o be_v the_o cover_n of_o a_o brass_n valve_n 20._o as_o in_o the_o annex_v figure_n and_o let_v the_o valve_n be_v fasten_v with_o some_o strong_a and_o close_a cement_n to_o a_o glass_n pipe_n o_o p_o open_a at_o both_o end_n and_o of_o a_o competent_a length_n and_o wideness_n for_o then_o the_o body_n e_o f_o be_v the_o undermost_a part_n of_o the_o instrument_n and_o not_o stick_v to_o any_o other_o part_n of_o it_o will_v fall_v by_o its_o own_o weight_n if_o it_o be_v not_o support_v now_o then_o tie_v a_o thread_n to_o a_o button_n qui_fw-fr that_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v make_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o door_n of_o brass_n valve_n you_o must_v by_o pull_v that_o string_n straight_o and_o upward_o make_v the_o body_n e_o f_o shut_v the_o orifice_n of_o the_o valve_n as_o close_o as_o you_o can_v which_o be_v easy_o and_o present_o do_v then_o thrust_v the_o valve_n under_o water_n to_o the_o depth_n of_o a_o foot_n or_o more_o the_o cement_n and_o the_o side_n of_o the_o glass_n o_o p_o which_o reach_v far_o above_o the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n x_o in_n will_v keep_v the_o water_n from_o come_v to_o bear_v upon_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o body_n e_o f_o and_o consequent_o the_o imaginary_a surface_n five_o w_n that_o pass_v by_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o say_a body_n will_v where_o it_o be_v contiguous_a thereunto_o be_v press_v upon_o only_o by_o the_o proper_a weight_n of_o the_o body_n e_o f_o but_o in_o its_o other_o part_n by_o the_o much_o great_a weight_n of_o the_o incumbent_a water_n so_o that_o though_o you_o let_v go_v the_o string_n that_o hold_v the_o body_n e_o f_o close_o to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o instrument_n the_o say_a body_n will_v not_o at_o all_o sink_n though_o there_o be_v nothing_o but_o water_n beneath_o it_o to_o support_v it_o and_o to_o manifest_v that_o it_o be_v only_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o water_n of_o a_o competent_a depth_n that_o keep_v the_o solid_a suspend_v if_o you_o slow_o lift_v up_o the_o instrument_n towards_o x_o in_n the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n you_o shall_v find_v that_o though_o for_o a_o while_o the_o part_n of_o the_o valve_n will_v continue_v unite_v as_o they_o be_v before_o yet_o when_o once_o it_o be_v raise_v so_o near_o the_o surface_n as_o between_o the_o plain_a i_o k_o and_o x_o in_n that_o the_o single_a weight_n of_o e_o f_o upon_o the_o subjacent_a part_n of_o the_o imaginary_a plain_n that_o pass_v by_o it_o be_v great_a than_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o incumbent_a water_n upon_o other_o part_n of_o the_o same_o plain_a that_o body_n be_v no_o more_o support_v as_o former_o will_v fall_v down_o and_o the_o water_n will_v get_v into_o the_o pipe_n and_o ascend_v therein_o to_o the_o level_n of_o the_o external_n water_n but_o if_o when_o the_o valve_n be_v first_o thrust_v under_o water_n and_o before_o you_o let_v go_v the_o thread_n that_o keep_v its_o part_n together_o you_o thrust_v it_o down_o to_o a_o good_a depth_n as_o to_o the_o superficies_n r_o s_o then_o though_o you_o shall_v hang_v a_o considerable_a weight_n as_o l_o to_o the_o valve_n e_o f_o as_o i_o be_o go_v to_o show_v you_o a_o trial_n with_o a_o massy_a cylinder_n of_o stone_n broad_a than_o the_o valve_n and_o of_o divers_a inch_n in_o length_n the_o surplusage_n of_o pressure_n on_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o plain_a v_z w_o now_o in_o r_o saint_n over_o and_o above_o what_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o body_n e_o f_o and_o that_o of_o the_o cylindrical_a stone_n l_o to_o boot_n can_v amount_v to_o on_o that_o part_n of_o the_o surface_n which_o be_v contiguous_a to_o the_o say_a body_n e_o f_o will_v be_v great_a enough_o to_o press_v so_o hard_o against_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o valve_n that_o its_o own_o weight_n though_o assist_v with_o that_o of_o the_o stone_n will_v not_o be_v able_a to_o disjoyne_v they_o by_o which_o to_o note_n that_o by_o the_o way_n you_o may_v see_v that_o though_o when_o two_o flat_a and_o polish_a marble_n be_v join_v together_o we_o find_v it_o be_v impossible_a to_o sever_v they_o without_o force_n we_o need_v not_o have_v recourse_n to_o a_o fuga_fw-la vacui_fw-la to_o explicate_v the_o cause_n of_o their_o cohaesion_n whilst_o they_o be_v environ_v by_o the_o air_n which_o be_v a_o fluid_n not_o devoid_a of_o gravity_n and_o reach_v above_o the_o marble_n no_o body_n know_v how_o high_a and_o to_o evince_v that_o it_o be_v only_o such_o a_o pressure_n of_o the_o water_n as_o i_o have_v be_v declare_v that_o cause_v the_o cohaesion_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o valve_n if_o you_o gentle_o lift_v it_o up_o towards_o the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n you_o will_v quick_o find_v the_o brass_n body_n e_z f_o draw_v down_o by_o the_o stone_n l_o that_o hang_v at_o it_o as_o you_o will_v perceive_v by_o the_o water_n get_v in_o between_o the_o part_n of_o the_o valve_n and_o ascend_v into_o the_o pipe_n to_o which_o i_o shall_v 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bubble_n will_v present_o emerge_n to_o the_o top._n this_o explication_n of_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o sink_n of_o bubble_n agree_v in_o some_o thing_n with_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o learned_a jesuit_n kercher_n &_o shottus_n and_o some_o other_o writer_n in_o the_o acount_n they_o give_v of_o those_o two_o experiment_n that_o be_v common_o know_v by_o the_o name_n the_o one_o of_o the_o roman_a the_o other_o of_o the_o florentine_a experiment_n but_o there_o be_v also_o particular_n wherein_o i_o who_o have_v never_o a_o recourse_n to_o a_o fuoa_fw-mi vacui_fw-la dissent_v from_o their_o doctrine_n the_o principle_n i_o go_v upon_o have_v invite_v and_o assist_v i_o to_o make_v that_o experiment_n afford_v i_o some_o new_a phaenomena_n which_o agree_v not_o with_o their_o opinion_n but_o do_v with_o i_o but_o i_o forbear_v to_o mention_v they_o here_o because_o they_o belong_v to_o other_o paper_n and_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n i_o omit_v some_o accession_n of_o ludicrous_a 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or_o otherwise_o you_o remove_v the_o cylinder_n of_o oil_n or_o a_o competent_a part_n of_o it_o in_o case_n it_o be_v long_o than_o be_v necessary_a the_o bubble_n will_v again_o emerge_n to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n for_o as_o for_o the_o oil_n that_o be_v too_o light_a a_o liquor_n to_o buoy_v it_o up_o which_o happen_v only_o because_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o oil_n upon_o the_o water_n be_v take_v of_o the_o air_n by_o virtue_n of_o its_o own_o spring_n be_v able_a to_o recover_v its_o former_a expansion_n and_o reduce_v the_o bubble_n to_o be_v as_o light_a as_o it_o be_v before_o and_o now_o we_o may_v proceed_v to_o that_o other_o experiment_n by_o which_o we_o late_o promise_v to_o confirm_v the_o first_o paradox_n and_o in_o some_o regard_n this_o follow_a experiment_n have_v be_v prefer_v as_o more_o strange_a to_o that_o i_o have_v be_v recite_v for_o it_o seem_v much_o less_o improbable_a that_o of_o two_o heterogeneous_a liquor_n the_o inferior_a shall_v be_v 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that_o we_o employ_v a_o wire_n or_o some_o such_o thing_n in_o this_o experiment_n though_o we_o affirm_v it_o to_o be_v only_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o incumbent_a water_n that_o make_v the_o bubble_n sink_v for_o if_o you_o shall_v pour_v water_n into_o the_o tube_n to_o the_o height_n late_o mention_v or_o even_o to_o a_o great_a if_o you_o do_v not_o make_v use_n of_o the_o wire_n it_o will_v not_o serve_v the_o turn_n because_o that_o as_o fast_o as_o you_o pour_v in_o the_o water_n the_o bubble_n be_v leave_v to_o itself_o will_v rise_v together_o with_o it_o and_o so_o keep_v always_o near_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o water_n it_o will_v never_o suffer_v the_o liquor_n to_o be_v so_o high_a above_o it_o as_o it_o must_v be_v before_o it_o can_v depress_v it_o but_o to_o confirm_v that_o it_o be_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o superior_a water_n that_o sink_v the_o bubble_n and_o keep_v it_o at_o the_o bottom_n if_o you_o take_v out_o of_o the_o tube_n a_o competent_a quantity_n of_o that_o liquor_n and_o so_o take_v of_o the_o pressure_n of_o it_o from_o the_o bubble_n this_o will_v present_o without_o any_o other_o help_n begin_v to_o swim_v and_o regain_v the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o water_n whence_o it_o may_v at_o pleasure_n be_v precipitate_v by_o pour_v back_o into_o the_o tube_n the_o water_n that_o be_v take_v out_o of_o it_o and_o these_o confirmation_n add_v to_o the_o former_a proof_n of_o the_o first_o and_o second_o paradox_n be_v we_o conceive_v sufficient_a to_o satisfy_v impartial_a reader_n of_o the_o truth_n of_o they_o we_o shall_v present_o advance_v to_o the_o next_o proposition_n if_o we_o do_v not_o think_v fit_a to_o interpose_v here_o a_o scholium_fw-la scholium_fw-la it_o may_v perchance_o be_v wonder_v at_o why_o since_o we_o late_o mention_v our_o have_v make_v some_o trial_n with_o oil_n of_o tartar_n per_fw-la deliquium_fw-la we_o do_v not_o in_o the_o present_a experiment_n in_o stead_n of_o fair_a water_n make_v 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at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o pipe_n though_o the_o top_n of_o it_o be_v leave_v open_a to_o the_o air_n but_o will_v be_v stop_v at_o a_o foot_n high_a in_o the_o pipe_n for_o the_o impetus_fw-la that_o its_o fall_n will_v give_v it_o must_v probable_o make_v it_o flow_v quite_o out_o of_o the_o pipe_n and_o not_o here_o to_o mention_v those_o trial_n of_o we_o with_o quicksilver_n and_o slender_a tube_n that_o make_v i_o think_v this_o very_a improbable_a if_o we_o consider_v that_o the_o experiment_n will_v not_o succeed_v with_o much_o more_o favourable_a circumstance_n betwixt_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n and_o oil_n of_o tartar_n though_o the_o heavy_a of_o these_o two_o liquor_n be_v many_o time_n light_a that_o quick_a silver_n it_o tempt_v i_o much_o to_o suspect_v that_o monsieur_n paschall_n never_o actual_o make_v the_o experiment_n at_o least_o with_o a_o tube_n as_o big_a as_o his_o scheam_n will_v make_v one_o guess_n but_o yet_o think_v he_o may_v safe_o set_v it_o down_o it_o be_v very_o consequent_a to_o those_o principle_n of_o who_o truth_n he_o be_v full_o persuade_v and_o indeed_o be_v it_o not_o for_o the_o impetus_fw-la the_o quicksilver_n will_v acquire_v in_o fall_v from_o such_o a_o height_n the_o ratiocanation_n be_v no_o way_n unworthy_a of_o he_o but_o experiment_n that_o be_v but_o speculative_o true_a shall_v be_v propose_v as_o such_o and_o may_v oftentimes_o fail_v in_o practice_n because_o there_o may_v intervene_v divers_a other_o thing_n capable_a of_o make_v there_o miscarry_v which_o be_v overlook_v by_o the_o peculator_n that_o be_v wont_a to_o compute_v only_o the_o consequence_n of_o that_o particullar_n thing_n which_o he_o principal_o consider_v as_o in_o this_o case_n our_o author_n seem_v not_o to_o have_v
intervention_n of_o water_n for_o oftentimes_o when_o the_o fire_n have_v not_o be_v well_o regulate_v there_o will_v come_v over_o beside_o the_o float_a oil_n a_o whitish_a water_n which_o will_v not_o in_o a_o long_a time_n become_v clear_a and_o as_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o teach_v that_o whiteness_n to_o proceed_v from_o the_o numerous_a reflection_n from_o the_o oily_a substance_n of_o the_o concrete_a '_o by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o fire_n break_v into_o innumerable_a little_a globul_n and_o disperse_v through_o the_o body_n of_o the_o water_n so_o the_o reason_n why_o this_o whiteness_n continue_v so_o long_o seem_v to_o be_v chief_o for_o i_o mention_v not_o such_o thing_n as_o the_o great_a surface_n that_o these_o little_a globul_n have_v in_o respect_n of_o their_o bulk_n that_o because_o of_o the_o exceed_a minuteness_n of_o these_o drop_n the_o height_n of_o the_o water_n that_o press_v upon_o the_o upper_a part_n be_v almost_o equal_a to_o that_o of_o the_o water_n that_o press_v against_o the_o low_a part_n so_o that_o the_o difference_n between_o these_o two_o pressure_n be_v inconsiderable_a it_o have_v power_n to_o raise_v the_o drop_n but_o very_o slow_o insomuch_o that_o upon_o this_o ground_n i_o devise_v a_o menstruum_fw-la wherewith_o i_o can_v mingle_v oil_n in_o drop_n so_o exceed_o minute_n that_o even_o when_o there_o be_v but_o a_o few_o spoonful_n of_o the_o mixture_n it_o will_v continue_v whitish_a for_o divers_a whole_a day_n together_o though_o at_o length_n they_o will_v emerge_n and_o the_o soon_o because_o whilst_o they_o swim_v up_o and_o down_o as_o they_o frequent_o chance_v to_o meet_v and_o run_v into_o one_o another_o they_o compose_v great_a drop_n which_o be_v for_o the_o reason_n already_o give_v less_o slow_o impel_v up_o by_o the_o water_n at_o the_o top_n of_o which_o the_o chemist_n after_o a_o due_a time_n be_v wont_a to_o find_v new_a oil_n float_v but_o whether_o this_o be_v any_o way_n applicable_a to_o the_o swim_n of_o the_o insensible_a particle_n of_o corrode_v metal_n in_o aquaflortis_n and_o other_o saline_a menstruum_n i_o must_v not_o now_o stay_v to_o inquire_v one_o thing_n more_o there_o be_v that_o i_o will_v point_v at_o before_o i_o dismiss_v this_o paradox_n namely_o that_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n we_o have_v all_o this_o while_n deduce_v when_o the_o emergent_a drop_n or_o any_o other_o body_n float_v upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n it_o will_v sink_v just_a so_o far_o &_o no_o far_o till_o the_o immersed_a part_n of_o the_o float_a body_n be_v equal_a in_o bulk_n to_o as_o much_o water_n as_o be_v equal_a in_o weight_n to_o the_o whole_a body_n 5._o for_o suppose_v in_o the_o annex_v figure_n young_a to_o be_v a_o cube_n of_o wood_n three_o foot_n high_a and_o six_o pound_n in_o weight_n this_o wood_n be_v much_o heavy_a than_o air_n will_v sink_v into_o the_o water_n till_o it_o come_v to_o a_o imaginary_a superficies_n x_o w_n where_o have_v the_o position_n new_o describe_v it_o will_v necessary_o acquiesce_v for_o all_o the_o other_o equal_a part_n of_o the_o superficies_n x_o w_n q_n be_v lean_v upon_o by_o pillar_n of_o water_n equal_a in_o height_n to_o the_o part_n x_o a_o or_o w_o b_o if_o the_o whole_a weight_n of_o the_o wooden_a cube_n be_v great_a than_o that_o of_o as_o much_o water_n as_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o immersed_a part_n it_o must_v necessary_o sink_v lower_v because_o the_o subjacent_a part_n of_o the_o surface_n at_o five_o will_v be_v more_o charge_v than_o any_o of_o the_o rest_n and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n if_o the_o cube_n be_v light_a than_o as_o much_o water_n as_o that_o who_o place_n the_o immersed_a part_n take_v up_o it_o must_v by_o the_o great_a pressure_n of_o the_o water_n upon_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o imaginary_a superficies_n x_o w_n then_o upon_o that_o contiguous_a to_o the_o wood_n as_o at_o v._o be_v impel_v upward_o till_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o whole_a wood_n upon_o the_o part_n it_o lean_v on_o be_v of_o the_o same_o degree_n with_o that_o of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o water_n upon_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o superficies_n and_o consequent_o be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o water_n who_o place_n the_o immersed_a part_n of_o it_o take_v up_o the_o lightness_n of_o that_o immersed_a part_n in_o respect_n of_o so_o much_o water_n be_v recompense_v by_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o unimmersed_a part_n which_o be_v extant_a above_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n and_o we_o see_v that_o when_o a_o piece_n of_o wood_n fall_v into_o water_n though_o by_o the_o impetus_fw-la it_o acquire_v in_o fall_v it_o pass_v through_o divers_a imaginary_a plain_n that_o lie_v beneath_o its_o due_a station_n yet_o the_o great_a pressure_n to_o which_o each_o of_o those_o plain_n be_v expose_v in_o all_o its_o other_o part_n then_o in_o that_o which_o be_v contiguous_a to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o wood_n do_v quick_o impel_v it_o up_o again_o till_o after_o some_o emersion_n and_o subsiding_n it_o rest_v at_o length_n in_o such_o a_o position_n as_o the_o new_o explicate_v hydrostatical_a theorem_n assign_v it_o scholium_fw-la this_o ingenious_a proposition_n about_o float_a body_n be_v teach_v and_o prove_v after_o the_o manner_n of_o mathematician_n by_o the_o most_o subtle_a archimedes_n and_o his_o commentator_n and_o we_o have_v new_o be_v endeavour_v to_o manifest_v the_o physical_a reason_n why_o it_o must_v be_v true_a but_o partly_o because_o the_o proposition_n ought_v to_o hold_v not_o only_o in_o such_o entire_a and_o homogeneous_a body_n as_o man_n exemplify_v it_o in_o such_o as_o a_o piece_n of_o wood_n or_o a_o lump_n of_o wax_n but_o in_o all_o body_n though_o of_o a_o concave_a figure_n and_o make_v up_o of_o many_o body_n of_o never_o so_o differ_v nature_n and_o perhaps_o some_o of_o they_o join_v together_o only_o by_o their_o superincumbency_n upon_o one_o another_o and_o partly_o because_o that_o a_o truth_n which_o be_v one_o of_o the_o main_a and_o useful_a of_o the_o hydrostaticks_n and_o may_v be_v of_o so_o much_o importance_n to_o navigation_n have_v noyet_n that_o i_o know_v of_o be_v attemtpt_v to_o be_v demonstrate_v otherwise_o then_o upon_o paper_n it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o for_o the_o satisfaction_n of_o such_o of_o those_o who_o it_o may_v concern_v as_o be_v not_o verse_v in_o mathematical_a demonstration_n to_o add_v a_o experiment_n which_o i_o make_v to_o prove_v it_o mechanical_o as_o exact_o as_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o satisfaction_n of_o such_o person_n after_o then_o have_v employ_v several_a vessel_n some_o of_o wood_n some_o of_o laton_n and_o some_o of_o other_o material_n to_o compass_v what_o i_o desire_v we_o find_v glass_n to_o be_v the_o most_o commodious_a we_o can_v procure_v and_o therefore_o fill_v a_o large_a and_o deep_a glass_n to_o a_o convenient_a height_n with_o fair_a water_n we_o place_v in_o it_o another_o deep_a glass_n shape_v like_o a_o goblet_n or_o tumbler_n that_o it_o may_v be_v the_o fit_a for_o swim_v and_o have_v furnish_v it_o first_o with_o ballast_n and_o then_o for_o merriment_n sake_n with_o a_o wooden_a deck_n by_o which_o a_o tall_a mass_n with_o a_o sail_n fusten_v to_o it_o be_v keep_v upright_o we_o fraught_v with_o wood_n and_o by_o degree_n pour_v sand_n into_o it_o till_o we_o have_v make_v it_o sâ—â—â—k_v just_a to_o the_o top_n of_o certain_a conspicuous_a mark_n that_o we_o have_v fasten_v on_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o glass_n to_o opposite_a part_n thereof_o then_o observe_v how_o high_a the_o water_n reach_v in_o the_o large_a glass_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o vessel_n transparency_n be_v easy_a to_o be_v see_v we_o careful_o place_v two_o or_o three_o mark_n in_o the_o same_o level_n with_o the_o horizontal_a surface_n of_o the_o water_n and_o take_v out_o the_o float_a vessel_n as_o it_o be_v with_o all_o that_o belong_v to_o it_o and_o wipe_v the_o outside_n dry_a we_o put_v it_o into_o a_o good_a pair_n of_o scale_n and_o have_v find_v what_o it_o amount_v to_o we_o weigh_v in_o a_o competent_o large_a viol_n first_o counterpoise_v apart_o so_o much_o water_n to_o a_o grain_n or_o thereabouts_o and_o pour_v this_o water_n into_o the_o large_a glass_n above_o mention_v we_o find_v it_o to_o reach_v to_o the_o mark_n that_o we_o have_v fasten_v to_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o glass_n and_o consequent_o to_o reach_v to_o the_o same_o height_n to_o which_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o float_a glass_n and_o all_o that_o be_v add_v to_o make_v it_o resemble_v a_o ship_n have_v make_v it_o arise_v to_o by_o which_o experiment_n which_o we_o try_v as_o to_o the_o essential_a part_n of_o it_o with_o vessel_n of_o differ_v size_n shape_n and_o lading_n too_o as_o wood_n
stone_n quicksilver_n etc._n etc._n it_o appear_v that_o the_o float_a vessel_n itself_o with_o all_o that_o be_v in_o it_o or_o support_v by_o it_o be_v equal_a in_o weight_n to_o as_o much_o water_n as_o be_v equal_a in_o bulk_n to_o that_o part_n of_o the_o vessel_n which_o be_v under_o water_n suppose_v to_o be_v cut_v off_o from_o the_o extant_a part_n of_o the_o same_o vessel_n by_o a_o plain_a continue_v the_o horizontal_a surface_n of_o the_o water_n since_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o float_a vessel_n which_o raise_v up_o the_o water_n in_o the_o large_a vessel_n to_o the_o great_a height_n it_o attain_v be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o water_n which_o be_v pour_v into_o the_o large_a vessel_n when_o the_o other_o be_v take_v out_o raise_v the_o water_n therein_o to_o the_o same_o height_n we_o may_v also_o obtain_v the_o same_o end_n by_o a_o somewhat_o differ_v way_n which_o be_v the_o best_a way_n in_o case_n the_o vessel_n be_v too_o great_a viz._n to_o observe_v first_o by_o pour_v in_o water_n out_o of_o a_o bowl_n or_o pail_n or_o other_o vessel_n of_o know_a capacity_n as_o often_o as_o be_v necessary_a to_o fill_v the_o great_a vessel_n or_o cistern_n or_o pond_n to_o the_o top_n or_o to_o any_o determinate_a height_n require_v and_o next_o let_v out_o or_o otherwise_o remove_v all_o that_o water_n to_o put_v in_o its_o place_n the_o vessel_n who_o weight_n be_v to_o be_v find_v out_o three_o to_o let_v or_o pour_v in_o water_n till_o the_o vessel_n be_v afloat_o and_o by_o its_o weight_n raise_v the_o external_n water_n to_o the_o height_n it_o have_v before_o and_o last_o to_o examine_v how_o much_o this_o water_n that_o be_v last_o pour_v in_o fall_v short_a in_o weight_n of_o the_o water_n that_o be_v in_o it_o at_o first_o and_o afterward_o remove_v for_o this_o difference_n will_v give_v we_o the_o weight_n of_o as_o much_o water_n as_o be_v aequiponderate_a to_o the_o whole_a float_a vessel_n whither_o small_a or_o great_a with_o all_o that_o it_o either_o carry_v or_o sustein_v the_o hydrostatical_a theorem_n we_o have_v be_v consider_v and_o the_o experiment_n whereby_o we_o have_v endeavour_v to_o confirm_v or_o illustrate_v it_o may_v mutatis_fw-la mutandis_fw-la be_v apply_v to_o a_o ship_n with_o all_o her_o ballast_n lade_n gun_n and_o company_n it_o hold_v general_o true_a that_o to_o express_v the_o sense_n of_o the_o proposition_n more_o brief_o the_o weight_n of_o a_o float_a body_n be_v equal_a to_o as_o much_o water_n as_o its_o immersed_a part_n take_v up_o the_o room_n of_o whence_o we_o may_v draw_v some_o argument_n in_o favour_n of_o the_o learned_a stevinus_n for_o who_o sake_n it_o partly_o be_v that_o i_o annex_v this_o scholium_fw-la who_o if_o i_o mis-rememb_a not_o do_v somewhere_o deduce_v as_o a_o corollary_n from_o certain_a hydrostatical_a proposition_n six_o that_o a_o whole_a ship_n and_o all_o that_o belong_v to_o it_o and_o lean_v upon_o it_o press_v no_o more_o nor_o less_o upon_o the_o bottom_n it_o swim_v over_o then_o as_o much_o water_n as_o be_v equal_a in_o bulk_n to_o that_o part_n of_o the_o ship_n which_o be_v beneath_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n paradox_n iu._n that_o in_o the_o ascension_n of_o water_n in_o pump_n etc._n etc._n there_o need_v nothing_o to_o raise_v the_o water_n but_o a_o competent_a weight_n of_o a_o external_n fluid_n this_o proposition_n may_v be_v easy_o enough_o deduce_v from_o the_o already_o mention_a experiment_n but_o yet_o for_o further_a illustration_n and_o proof_n we_o will_v add_v that_o which_o follow_n take_v a_o slender_a glass-pipe_n such_o as_o be_v use_v about_o the_o first_o experiment_n and_o suck_v into_o it_o about_o the_o height_n of_o a_o inch_n of_o deep_o tinct_a water_n and_o nimble_o stop_v the_o upper_a orifice_n immerse_v the_o lower_n part_n of_o the_o pipe_n into_o a_o glass_n half_o fill_v with_o such_o tinct_a water_n till_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o liquor_n in_o the_o pipe_n be_v a_o inch_n or_o as_o low_o as_o you_o will_v have_v it_o beneath_o that_o of_o the_o external_n water_n then_o pour_v on_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n till_o it_o swim_v 3_o or_o 4_o inch_n or_o as_o high_a as_o you_o please_v above_o the_o water_n loosen_v gentle_o your_o finger_n from_o the_o upper_a orifice_n of_o the_o pipe_n to_o give_v the_o enclose_a air_n a_o little_a intercourse_n with_o the_o external_n and_o you_o shall_v see_v the_o tinct_a water_n in_o the_o pipe_n to_o be_v impel_v up_o not_o only_o high_a than_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o external_n water_n but_o almost_o as_o high_a as_o that_o of_o the_o external_n oil_n through_o which_o it_o be_v transparent_a and_o colourless_a the_o red_a liquor_n may_v be_v easy_o discern_v now_o in_o this_o case_n it_o caved_a be_v pretend_v that_o the_o ascent_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o pipe_n proceed_v from_o nature_n abhorrency_n of_o a_o vacuum_n since_o the_o pipe_n be_v full_a of_o air_n and_o its_o orifice_n unstop_v though_o the_o water_n shall_v not_o ascend_v no_o danger_n of_o a_o vacuum_n will_v ensue_v the_o air_n and_o the_o water_n remain_v contiguous_a as_o before_o the_o true_a reason_n then_o of_o the_o ascent_n of_o the_o water_n in_o our_o case_n be_v but_o this_o that_o upon_o all_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o imaginary_a superficies_n that_o pass_v by_o the_o immersed_a orifice_n of_o the_o pipe_n there_o be_v a_o pressure_n partly_o of_o water_n and_o partly_o of_o the_o oil_n swim_v upon_o that_o water_n amount_v to_o the_o pressure_n of_o 4_o or_o 5_o inch_n of_o water_n whereas_o upon_o that_o part_n of_o the_o same_o superficies_n whereon_o the_o liquor_n contain_v in_o the_o pipe_n lean_v there_o be_v but_o the_o pressure_n of_o one_o inch_n of_o water_n so_o that_o the_o part_n near_o the_o immersed_a orifice_n must_v necessary_o be_v thrust_v out_o of_o place_n by_o the_o other_o part_n of_o water_n that_o be_v more_o press_v till_o so_o much_o liquor_n be_v impel_v up_o into_o the_o pipe_n as_o make_v the_o pressure_n on_o that_o part_n of_o the_o imaginary_a superficies_n as_o great_a as_o that_o of_o the_o oil_n and_o water_n on_o any_o other_o equal_a part_n of_o it_o and_o then_o by_o virtue_n of_o the_o aequilibrium_fw-la often_o mention_v the_o water_n will_v rise_v no_o further_o and_o by_o virtue_n of_o the_o same_o aequilibrium_fw-la it_o will_v rest_v a_o little_a beneath_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o external_n oil_n because_o this_o last_o name_v liquor_n be_v less_o heavy_a bulk_n for_o bulk_n than_o water_n and_o by_o this_o we_o may_v be_v assist_v to_o give_v a_o reason_n of_o the_o ascension_n of_o water_n in_o ordinary_a suck_a pump_n for_o as_o the_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n though_o a_o light_a liquor_n than_o water_n and_o not_o mingleable_a with_o it_o do_v by_o lean_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o external_n water_n press_v up_o the_o water_n within_o the_o pipe_n to_o a_o far_o great_a height_n then_o that_o of_o the_o external_n water_n itself_o so_o the_o air_n which_o though_o a_o far_o light_a liquor_n than_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n reach_v i_o know_v not_o how_o many_o mile_n high_a lean_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n in_o a_o well_o will_v press_v it_o up_o into_o the_o cylindrical_a cavity_n of_o the_o pump_n much_o high_a than_o the_o external_n water_n itself_o reach_v in_o the_o well_o if_o it_o be_v not_o hinder_v now_o that_o which_o hinder_v it_o in_o the_o pump_n be_v either_o the_o sucker_n which_o fence_n the_o water_n in_o the_o pump_n from_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o external_n air_n or_o that_o pressure_n itself_o and_o therefore_o all_o that_o the_o draw_v up_o of_o the_o sucker_n need_v to_o do_v be_v to_o free_v the_o water_n in_o the_o pipe_n from_o the_o impediment_n to_o its_o ascent_n which_o be_v give_v it_o by_o the_o sucker_n lean_v on_o it_o or_o the_o pillar_n of_o the_o atmosphaere_n be_v incumbent_a on_o it_o as_o in_o our_o experiment_n the_o side_n of_o the_o pipe_n do_v sufficient_o protect_v the_o water_n in_o the_o pipe_n from_o any_o pressure_n of_o the_o external_n oil_n that_o may_v oppose_v its_o ascent_n and_o last_o as_o the_o water_n in_o our_o pipe_n be_v impel_v up_o so_o high_a and_o no_o high_a that_o the_o cylinder_n of_o water_n in_o the_o pipe_n be_v just_o able_a to_o balance_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o water_n and_o oil_n without_o the_o pipe_n so_o in_o pump_n the_o water_n do_v rise_v but_o to_o a_o certain_a height_n as_o about_o 33_o or_o 34_o foot_n and_o though_o you_o pump_v never_o so_o long_o it_o will_v be_v raise_v no_o high_o because_o at_o that_o height_n the_o pressure_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o pump_n upon_o that_o part_n
other_o part_n of_o the_o same_o superficies_n and_o consequent_o neither_o the_o one_o nor_o the_o other_o of_o those_o liquor_n will_v subside_o but_o they_o will_v both_o rest_n in_o a_o aequilibrium_fw-la but_o here_o it_o will_v not_o he_o amiss_o to_o note_v first_o that_o it_o be_v not_o necessary_a that_o the_o glass_n cylinder_n l_o m_o n_o shall_v be_v all_o of_o the_o same_o length_n since_o the_o low_a orifice_n be_v open_a the_o water_n will_v rise_v to_o the_o same_o height_n within_o they_o whether_o the_o part_n immerse_v under_o the_o water_n be_v exact_o of_o the_o same_o length_n or_o no._n and_o second_o that_o throughout_o all_o this_o discourse_n and_o particular_o in_o the_o explication_n of_o this_o paradox_n we_o suppose_v either_o that_o the_o slender_a pipe_n that_o be_v employ_v about_o these_o experiment_n be_v of_o a_o moderate_a size_n and_o not_o exceed_v small_a or_o that_o in_o case_n they_o be_v very_o small_a allowance_n be_v make_v in_o such_o pipe_n for_o this_o property_n that_o water_n will_v rise_v in_o they_o to_o a_o great_a height_n then_o can_v be_v attribute_v to_o the_o bare_a counterpoise_n of_o either_o the_o water_n or_o the_o oil_n that_o impel_v it_o upward_o and_o keep_v it_o suspend_v but_o this_o difference_n be_v of_o so_o little_a moment_n in_o our_o present_a inquiry_n that_o we_o may_v safe_o neglect_v it_o as_o hereafter_o we_o mean_v to_o do_v now_o we_o have_v take_v this_o notice_n of_o it_o for_o prevention_n of_o mistake_n paradox_n vi._n if_o a_o body_n be_v place_v under_o water_n with_o its_o uppermost_a surface_n parallel_v to_o the_o horizon_n how_o much_o water_n soever_o there_o may_v be_v on_o this_o or_o that_o side_n above_o the_o body_n the_o direct_a pressure_n sustain_v by_o the_o body_n for_o we_o now_o consider_v not_o the_o lateral_a nor_o the_o recoil_n pressure-to_a which_o the_o body_n may_v be_v expose_v if_o quite_o environ_v with_o water_n be_v no_o more_o than_o that_o of_o 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pipe_n a_o little_a deep_o you_o will_v so_o the_o oil_n in_o the_o short_a leg_n to_o begin_v to_o be_v depress_v so_o if_o afterward_o you_o gentle_o raise_v the_o pipe_n towards_o the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n you_o shall_v see_v the_o oil_n not_o only_o regain_v its_o former_a station_n but_o flow_v out_o by_o degree_n in_o drop_n that_o will_v emerge_n to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n now_o since_o the_o water_n be_v able_a at_o first_o to_o keep_v the_o oil_n in_o the_o long_a leg_n of_o the_o pipe_n suspend_v no_o high_a than_o it_o will_v have_v be_v keep_v by_o a_o cylinder_n of_o water_n equal_a to_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o short_a leg_n of_o the_o pipe_n and_o reach_v direct_o thence_o to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n as_o may_v be_v easy_o cry_v by_o make_v a_o syphon_n where_o the_o short_a leg_n may_v be_v long_o enough_o to_o contain_v such_o a_o cylinder_n of_o water_n to_o conterpoize_v the_o oil_n in_o the_o long_o &_o since_o when_o once_o by_o the_o 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in_o the_o free_a water_n itself_o where_o there_o be_v nothing_o on_o any_o side_n but_o the_o contiguous_a water_n to_o bound_v the_o imaginary_a pillar_n but_o i_o have_v forget_v to_o add_v that_o the_o first_o part_n of_o our_o paradox_n will_v hold_v not_o only_a when_o the_o water_n superior_a to_o the_o body_n it_o press_v upon_o be_v free_a but_o also_o when_o it_o be_v include_v in_o vessel_n of_o never_o so_o seem_o disadvantageous_a a_o shape_n for_o if_o you_o so_o frame_v the_o short_a leg_n of_o a_o syphon_n that_o it_o may_v expand_v its_o self_n into_o a_o funnel_n like_o that_o of_o fig._n 6._o employ_v about_o the_o proof_n of_o the_o forego_n
fisth_n paradox_n for_o which_o purpose_n the_o leg_n must_v be_v at_o a_o pretty_a distance_n from_o each_o other_o though_o you_o fill_v that_o funnel_n with_o water_n the_o oil_n in_o the_o long_o and_o slender_a leg_n of_o the_o syphon_n will_v be_v able_a to_o resist_v the_o pressure_n of_o all_o the_o water_n notwithstanding_o the_o breadth_n of_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o funnel_n so_o that_o even_o in_o this_o case_n also_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o oil_n in_o the_o long_a leg_n will_v be_v but_o a_o little_a high_o than_o that_o of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o funnel_n for_o further_a confirmation_n of_o this_o we_o cause_v to_o be_v make_v a_o syphon_n so_o shape_v that_o one_o of_o the_o leg_n which_o be_v parallel_n and_o of_o the_o same_o boar_n have_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o it_o a_o sphere_n of_o glass_n save_v that_o it_o communicate_v with_o the_o upper_a and_o low_a part_n of_o the_o same_o leg_n in_o the_o uniform_a leg_n of_o the_o syphon_n we_o put_v a_o convenient_a quantity_n of_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n and_o into_o the_o other_o as_o much_o water_n as_o fill_v not_o only_o the_o low_a part_n of_o it_o but_o the_o globular_a part_n too_o and_o yet_o we_o do_v not_o find_v that_o all_o this_o water_n be_v able_a to_o keep_v up_o the_o oil_n in_o the_o uniform_a leg_n at_o a_o great_a height_n then_o if_o the_o leg_n that_o contain_v the_o water_n have_v be_v uniform_a too_o as_o much_o of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o globe_n as_o be_v not_o direct_o over_o the_o low_a orifice_n of_o it_o be_v support_v by_o the_o lateral_a part_n if_o i_o may_v so_o call_v they_o of_o the_o same_o globe_n and_o if_o that_o leg_n be_v instead_o of_o water_n fill_v with_o oil_n and_o the_o uniform_a leg_n with_o water_n notwithstanding_o the_o far_o great_a quantity_n of_o oil_n that_o be_v necessary_a to_o fill_v that_o leg_n whereof_o the_o hollow_a sphere_n be_v but_o a_o part_n the_o water_n in_o the_o uniform_a leg_n will_v not_o be_v keep_v up_o so_o much_o as_o to_o the_o same_o height_n with_o the_o oil_n in_o the_o misshape_a leg_n but_o to_o make_v this_o matter_n yet_o the_o more_o clear_a we_o cause_v a_o syphon_n to_o be_v make_v of_o the_o figure_n express_v in_o the_o adjoin_a scheme_n 9_o into_o which_o have_v pour_v a_o convenient_a quantity_n of_o mercury_n till_o it_o reach_v in_o the_o short_a leg_n c_o d_o almost_o to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o clobulou_n part_n e_o and_o in_o the_o long_a leg_n a_o b_o to_o a_o equal_a height_n we_o afterward_o pour_v a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o water_n into_o the_o say_a long_a leg_n a_o b_o which_o drive_v away_o the_o quicksilver_n and_o impel_v it_o up_o in_o the_o short_a leg_n till_o it_o have_v half_a or_o more_o than_o half_a fill_v the_o cavity_n of_o the_o globular_a part_n e_o which_o yet_o we_o do_v not_o whole_o fill_v with_o quicksilver_n because_o the_o tube_n a_o b_o be_v not_o long_a enough_o for_o that_o purpose_n and_o then_o we_o observe_v that_o 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and_o the_o three_o be_v as_o irregular_o shape_v as_o i_o can_v get_v it_o blow_v be_v in_o some_o place_n much_o broad_a and_o in_o some_o much_o narrow_a than_o the_o low_a orifice_n of_o it_o and_o these_o two_o last_o name_v pipe_n have_v their_o upper_a end_n so_o insert_v into_o hole_n make_v fit_a for_o they_o in_o a_o broad_a piece_n of_o cork_n that_o when_o they_o be_v immerse_v they_o make_v not_o right_a angle_n but_o very_o oblique_a one_o with_o the_o horizontal_a surface_n of_o the_o liquor_n the_o other_o glass_n likewise_o which_o consist_v of_o a_o great_a bubble_n and_o two_o opposite_a pipe_n be_v fasten_v to_o the_o same_o cork_n which_o have_v before_o hand_n be_v make_v fit_a for_o a_o wide_a mouth_a glass_n of_o a_o good_a depth_n and_o half_o fill_v with_o water_n be_v thrust_v as_o a_o stopple_n into_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o say_a glass_n so_o that_o the_o water_n a_o scend_v a_o pretty_a way_n into_o each_o of_o the_o three_o pipe_n by_o their_o low_a orifice_n which_o as_o well_o as_o the_o upper_a we_o leave_v open_a then_o a_o good_a quantity_n of_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n be_v pour_v into_o the_o same_o vessel_n through_o a_o funnel_n the_o water_n be_v by_o the_o incumbent_a oil_n impel_v up_o to_o the_o height_n of_o 2_o or_o 3_o inch_n in_o each_o of_o the_o three_o pipe_n which_o argue_v that_o notwithstanding_o their_o be_v so_o unequal_a in_o bigness_n and_o so_o irregular_a in_o shape_n insomuch_o that_o we_o guess_v one_o of_o they_o be_v 10_o or_o 12_o time_n great_a in_o one_o part_n then_o in_o another_o or_o then_o it_o be_v even_o at_o the_o orifice_n the_o water_n contain_v in_o each_o of_o they_o press_v upon_o its_o low_a orifice_n no_o more_o i_o do_v not_o add_v nor_o no_o less_o than_o it_o will_v have_v do_v if_o it_o have_v be_v a_o cylinder_n have_v the_o orifice_n for_o its_o basis_n and_o the_o perpendicular_a depth_n of_o the_o water_n and_o oil_n above_o for_o its_o height_n for_o in_o case_n each_o 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indeed_o in_o all_o these_o case_n where_o a_o pipe_n either_o be_v broad_a in_o other_o place_n then_o at_o its_o low_a orifice_n or_o incline_v any_o way_n towards_o the_o horizon_n the_o weight_n of_o the_o contain_v liquor_n be_v not_o all_o support_v by_o the_o liquor_n or_o the_o body_n contiguous_a to_o the_o low_a orifice_n but_o partly_o by_o the_o side_n of_o the_o pipe_n itself_o and_o therefore_o if_o when_o in_o a_o slender_a pipe_n you_o have_v bring_v a_o parcel_n of_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n to_o be_v in_o a_o equilibrium_n with_o the_o external_n water_n as_o in_o the_o experiment_n belong_v to_o the_o first_o paradox_n if_o i_o
what_o the_o read_n of_o stevinus_n may_v make_v a_o man_n expect_v yet_o may_v deserve_v to_o be_v further_o prosecute_v that_o whether_o or_o no_o the_o paradox_n of_o stevinus_n which_o not_o only_o some_o other_o but_o the_o learned_a dr._n wallis_n himself_o question_v will_v hold_v the_o inquiry_n he_o have_v start_v may_v be_v so_o pursue_v as_o to_o occasion_v some_o improvement_n of_o this_o part_n of_o hydrostaticks_n where_o to_o define_v thing_n with_o certainty_n will_v perhaps_o be_v find_v a_o difficulter_n task_n then_o at_o first_o glance_v one_o will_v think_v both_o because_o divers_a speculative_a thing_n must_v be_v take_v into_o consideration_n who_o theory_n have_v not_o perhaps_o yet_o be_v clear_v and_o because_o of_o the_o difficulty_n that_o will_v be_v find_v in_o practice_n by_o they_o that_o shall_v go_v about_o to_o make_v stevinus_n experiment_n or_o other_o of_o that_o sort_n with_o all_o requisite_a accurateness_n as_o indeed_o it_o be_v far_o easy_a to_o propose_v experiment_n which_o will_v in_o likelihood_n prove_v what_o we_o intend_v in_o case_n they_o can_v be_v make_v then_o to_o propose_v practicable_a expedient_n how_o they_o may_v be_v make_v paradox_n vii_o that_o a_o body_n immerse_v in_o a_o fluid_fw-la sustain_v a_o lateral_a pressure_n from_o the_o fluid_fw-la and_o that_o increase_v as_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o immersed_a body_n beneath_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o fluid_a increase_v though_o i_o shall_v not_o wonder_v if_o this_o proposition_n seem_v strange_a enough_o to_o most_o reader_n yet_o i_o think_v i_o can_v make_v it_o out_o by_o several_a way_n and_o particular_o by_o one_o that_o be_v plain_a and_o easy_a be_v but_o that_o which_o follow_v take_v then_o a_o slender_a glass_n pipe_n like_o that_o employ_v about_o the_o first_o experiment_n 13._o and_o cause_v it_o to_o be_v bend_v within_o two_o or_o three_o inch_n of_o one_o end_n so_o that_o the_o long_o and_o the_o short_a leg_n e_o f_o and_o f_o g_o may_v make_v as_o near_o as_o can_v be_v a_o right_a angle_n at_o f_o then_o dip_v the_o orifice_n of_o the_o short_a leg_n f_o g_o in_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n suck_v into_o the_o syphon_n if_o i_o may_v so_o call_v it_o as_o much_o of_o the_o liquor_n as_o will_v fill_v the_o short_a leg_n and_o reach_v two_o or_o three_o inch_n high_a in_o the_o long_o then_o nimble_o stop_v the_o upper_a orifice_n with_o your_o finger_n immerse_v the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o glass_n under_o water_n in_o such_o manner_n as_o that_o the_o long_a leg_n e_o f_o may_v make_v as_o to_o sense_n right_a angle_n with_o a_o b_o the_o horizontal_a surface_n of_o the_o water_n and_o the_o short_a leg_n f_o g_o may_v be_v so_o far_o depress_v under_o that_o surface_n that_o i_o k_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o oil_n in_o the_o long_a leg_n be_v but_o a_o little_a high_o than_o a_o b_o that_o of_o the_o external_a water_n then_o remove_v your_o finger_n you_o may_v observe_v that_o the_o oil_n in_o the_o syphon_n will_v continue_v with_o little_a or_o no_o change_n in_o its_o former_a station_n by_o which_o it_o appear_v that_o there_o be_v a_o lateral_a pressure_n of_o the_o water_n against_o the_o oil_n contiguous_a to_o g_z the_o orifice_n of_o the_o short_a leg_n of_o the_o pipe_n since_o it_o be_v only_o that_o pressure_n that_o hinder_v the_o efflux_n of_o the_o oil_n at_o that_o orifice_n notwithstanding_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o perpendicular_a cylinder_n of_o oil_n that_o will_v drive_v it_o out_o and_o that_o this_o pressure_n of_o the_o perpendicular_a cylinder_n do_v real_o urge_v the_o oil_n in_o the_o short_a leg_n to_o flow_v out_o you_o may_v learn_v by_o slow_o lift_v the_o syphon_n without_o change_v it_o former_a posture_n towards_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n for_o as_o the_o low_a leg_n come_v near_a and_o near_o to_o that_o surface_n to_o which_o as_o i_o new_o intimate_v it_o be_v still_o to_o be_v keep_v parallel_n the_o oil_n in_o the_o horizontal_a leg_n will_v be_v drive_v out_o in_o drop_n by_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o other_o oil_n in_o the_o perpendicular_a leg_n that_o likewise_o before_o you_o begin_v to_o raise_v the_o syphon_n the_o lateral_a pressure_n of_o the_o water_n against_o the_o low_a orifice_n of_o it_o be_v at_o least_o in_o such_o experiment_n near_o about_o the_o same_o with_o what_o will_v be_v the_o perpendicular_a pressure_n of_o a_o cylinder_n of_o water_n reach_v from_o the_o same_o orifice_n g_o or_o some_z part_n of_o it_o to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n may_v be_v gather_v from_o hence_o that_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o oil_n in_o the_o long_a leg_n will_v be_v a_o little_a high_o than_o that_o of_o the_o external_a water_n as_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o often_o mention_v comparative_a levity_n of_o the_o oil_n it_o will_v be_v if_o we_o suppose_v that_o a_o pipe_n of_o glass_n of_o the_o same_o bore_n and_o reach_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n be_v fit_v to_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o horizontal_a leg_n as_o in_o the_o annex_v figure_n the_o cylinder_n g_o h_o be_v fill_v with_o water_n and_o to_o make_v out_o the_o latter_a part_n of_o our_o proposition_n we_o need_v add_v no_o more_o then_o that_o if_o you_o plunge_v the_o syphon_n deep_a into_o the_o water_n you_o shall_v find_v the_o oil_n by_o the_o lateral_a pressure_n of_o the_o water_n drive_v by_o degree_n quite_o out_o of_o the_o short_a leg_n into_o the_o long_a and_o if_o you_o thrust_v it_o yet_o deep_o you_o may_v observe_v that_o the_o long_a leg_n will_v admit_v a_o cylinder_n of_o water_n upon_o which_o that_o of_o oil_n will_v swim_v the_o whole_a oil_n alone_o be_v unable_a to_o counterbalance_v the_o lateral_a pressure_n of_o the_o water_n at_o so_o great_a a_o depth_n by_o which_o last_o circumstance_n it_o appear_v that_o water_n have_v also_o a_o lateral_a pressure_n against_o water_n itself_o and_o that_o increase_v according_a to_o its_o depth_n since_o otherwise_o the_o external_a water_n 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have_v a_o lateral_a pressure_n tend_v outward_o against_o the_o imaginary_a side_n from_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o water_n that_o be_v above_o these_o subjacent_a and_o lateral_a part_n and_o will_v have_v that_o pressure_n increase_v proportionable_o to_o the_o height_n to_o which_o the_o imaginary_a pillar_n reach_v above_o they_o which_o observation_n be_v due_o note_v and_o apply_v may_v be_v of_o no_o mean_a use_n in_o the_o explication_n of_o divers_a hydrostatical_a phaenomena_fw-la and_o last_o if_o in_o stead_n of_o hold_v e_z f_o the_o long_a leg_n of_o our_o syphon_n perpendicular_a and_o consequent_o the_o short_a parallel_n to_o the_o horizon_n you_o various_o incline_v the_o former_a so_o as_o to_o bring_v it_o to_o make_v a_o obtuse_a or_o a_o acute_a
angle_n with_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n a_o b_o tho_o by_o this_o mean_v the_o short_a and_o immersed_a leg_n f_o g_o will_v in_o situation_n sometime_o respect_v the_o bottom_n and_o sometime_o the_o top_n of_o the_o glass_n yet_o in_o all_o these_o oblique_a situation_n of_o this_o leg_n and_o the_o immersed_a orifice_n of_o it_o g_o the_o oblique_a pressure_n of_o the_o water_n will_v so_o much_o depend_v upon_o the_o height_n of_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o liquor_n above_o the_o orifice_n and_o so_o much_o conform_v to_o the_o observation_n already_o deliver_v that_o you_o shall_v still_o see_v the_o surface_n of_o the_o oil_n i_o k_n in_o the_o long_a pipe_n to_o be_v a_o little_a and_o but_o a_o little_a superior_a to_o that_o of_o the_o external_a water_n a_o b_o and_o so_o the_o aequilibrium_fw-la betwixt_o the_o liquor_n or_o liquor_n within_o the_o syphon_n and_o the_o water_n without_o it_o will_v even_o in_o this_o case_n also_o be_v maintain_v scholium_fw-la remember_v on_o this_o occasion_n a_o experiment_n which_o though_o it_o do_v not_o show_v what_o the_o precise_a quantity_n of_o lateral_a pressure_n be_v that_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o fluid_n may_v sustain_v from_o the_o more_o elevate_v yet_o it_o may_v confirm_v the_o forego_n paradox_n and_o by_o its_o phaenomena_n afford_v some_o hint_n that_o may_v render_v it_o not_o unacceptable_a i_o shall_v subjoin_v it_o as_o i_o set_v it_o down_o not_o long_o after_o i_o devise_v it_o in_o the_o first_o place_n then_o there_o be_v make_v a_o glass_n bubble_n with_o a_o slender_a neck_n and_o in_o a_o word_n of_o the_o figure_n express_v in_o the_o annex_v scheme_n 14._o this_o bubble_n i_o cause_v to_o be_v so_o poise_v that_o though_o it_o will_v float_v upon_o the_o water_n yet_o the_o addition_n of_o a_o weight_n small_a enough_o will_v suffice_v to_o make_v it_o sink_v this_o do_v i_o provide_v a_o very_a large_a wide_a mouth_a glass_n and_o cause_v to_o be_v fit_v to_o it_o as_o exact_o as_o i_o can_v a_o stopple_n of_o cork_n which_o be_v strong_o thrust_v in_o will_v not_o easy_o be_v list_v up_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o this_o cork_n there_o be_v burn_v with_o a_o heat_a instrument_n a_o round_a hole_n through_o which_o be_v thrust_v a_o long_a slender_a pipe_n of_o glass_n so_o that_o the_o low_a end_n of_o it_o be_v a_o pretty_a way_n beneath_o the_o cork_n and_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o it_o be_v as_o near_o as_o can_v be_v at_o right_a angle_n with_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o say_a cork_n and_o in_o a_o other_o part_n of_o the_o stopple_n near_o the_o edge_n there_o be_v make_v another_o round_a hole_n into_o which_o be_v likewise_o thrust_v another_o small_a pipe_n who_o low_a part_n reach_v also_o a_o pretty_a way_n beneath_o the_o cork_n but_o its_o upper_a part_n be_v but_o about_o two_o or_o three_o inch_n high_a and_o the_o orifice_n of_o this_o upper_a part_n be_v careful_o close_v with_o a_o stopple_n and_o cement_v then_o the_o glass_n vessel_n be_v fill_v with_o water_n and_o the_o poise_v bubble_n be_v make_v to_o float_v upon_o it_o the_o stopple_n or_o cover_v of_o the_o great_a glass_n vessel_n be_v put_v on_o and_o make_v fast_o with_o a_o close_a cement_n that_o nothing_o may_v get_v in_o or_o out_o of_o the_o vessel_n but_o at_o the_o long_a slender_a pipe_n which_o be_v fasten_v into_o the_o cork_n as_o be_v also_o the_o short_a pipe_n not_o only_o by_o its_o own_o fitness_n to_o the_o hole_n it_o pass_v through_o but_o by_o a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o the_o same_o cement_n careful_o apply_v to_o stop_v all_o crevess_n the_o instrument_n thus_o prepare_v and_o incline_v this_o or_o that_o way_n till_o the_o float_a bubble_n be_v at_o a_o good_a distance_n from_o that_o end_n of_o the_o long_a pipe_n which_o reach_v a_o pretty_a way_n downward_o beneath_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n we_o begin_v to_o pour_v in_o some_o of_o that_o liquor_n at_o the_o open_a orifice_n of_o the_o pipe_n e_o f_o and_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o vessel_n be_v exact_o stop_v the_o water_n for_o want_v of_o another_o place_n to_o receive_v it_o ascend_v into_o the_o pipe_n through_o which_o it_o have_v fall_v before_o and_o if_o i_o hold_v my_o hand_n when_o the_o water_n i_o have_v pour_v in_o be_v able_a to_o reach_v but_o to_o a_o small_a height_n in_o the_o cylinder_n as_o for_o instance_n to_o the_o superficies_n i_o the_o bubble_n x_o will_v yet_o continue_v float_v but_o if_o i_o continue_v pour_v till_o the_o water_n in_o the_o pipe_n have_v attain_v to_o a_o considerable_a height_n above_o the_o surface_n of_o that_o in_o the_o vessel_n as_o if_o it_o reach_v to_o k_o then_o the_o bubble_n x_o will_v present_o sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o vessel_n and_o there_o continue_v as_o long_o as_o as_o the_o water_n continue_v at_o so_o great_a a_o height_n in_o the_o pipe_n e._n f._n this_o experiment_n will_v not_o only_o teach_v we_o that_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o water_n gravitate_fw-la upon_o those_o that_o be_v under_o they_o but_o which_o be_v the_o thing_n we_o be_v now_o to_o confirm_v that_o in_o a_o vessel_n that_o be_v full_a all_o the_o low_a part_n be_v press_v by_o the_o upper_a though_o these_o low_a be_v not_o direct_o beneath_o the_o upper_a but_z aside_o of_o they_o and_o perhaps_o at_o a_o good_a distance_n from_o the_o line_n in_o which_o they_o direct_o press_v these_o thing_n i_o say_v may_v be_v make_v out_o by_o our_o experiment_n for_o the_o addition_n of_o the_o cylinder_n of_o water_n k_o i_o in_o the_o pipe_n e_o f_o make_v the_o bubble_n x_o subside_n as_o the_o force_n or_o pressure_n of_o any_o other_o heavy_a body_n upon_o the_o water_n in_o the_o vessel_n will_v do_v and_o since_o as_o may_v be_v gather_v from_o the_o reason_n former_o give_v in_o the_o proof_n of_o the_o second_o paradox_n of_o the_o sink_n of_o poise_v bubble_n the_o include_v air_n in_o our_o bubble_n be_v notable_o compress_v it_o will_v follow_v that_o the_o cylinder_n of_o water_n ki_n do_v press_v the_o subjacent_a water_n in_o the_o vessel_n for_o without_o so_o do_v it_o can_v not_o be_v able_a to_o compress_v the_o air_n in_o the_o bubble_n and_o since_o the_o say_a bubble_n do_v not_o swim_v direct_o under_o or_o near_o the_o pipe_n e_o f_o but_o at_o one_o side_n of_o it_o and_o at_o a_o pretty_a distance_n from_o it_o nay_o and_o float_v above_o the_o low_a orifice_n f_o of_o the_o pipe_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o that_o aqueous_a cylinder_n jk_n do_v not_o only_o press_v upon_o the_o water_n or_o other_o body_n that_o be_v direct_o under_o it_o but_o upon_o those_o also_o that_o be_v lateral_o situate_v in_o respect_n of_o it_o provide_v they_o be_v inferior_a to_o it_o and_o according_a to_o this_o doctrine_n we_o may_v conceive_v that_o every_o assignable_a part_n of_o the_o side_n of_o the_o vessel_n do_v sustain_v a_o pressure_n increase_v by_o the_o increase_n of_o that_o part_n depth_n under_o water_n and_o according_a to_o the_o largeness_n of_o the_o say_a part_n and_o therefore_o if_o any_o part_n be_v so_o weak_a as_o that_o it_o will_v be_v easy_o beat_v out_o or_o break_v by_o a_o weight_n equal_a to_o the_o cylinder_n ay_o k_o make_v always_o a_o due_a abatement_n for_o the_o obliquity_n of_o the_o pressure_n it_o will_v not_o be_v fit_a to_o be_v a_o part_n of_o our_o vessel_n nay_o the_o cork_n itself_o though_o it_o be_v above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o vessel_n yet_o because_o the_o water_n in_o the_o pipe_n be_v high_a than_o it_o each_o of_o its_o part_n resist_v a_o considerable_a pressure_n proportionate_a to_o its_o particular_a bigness_n and_o to_o the_o height_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o pipe_n and_o therefore_o if_o the_o cork_n be_v not_o well_o stop_v in_o it_o may_v be_v lift_v up_o by_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o pipe_n if_o that_o be_v fill_v to_o a_o good_a height_n and_o if_o the_o cement_n be_v not_o good_a and_o close_a the_o water_n will_v not_o without_o noise_n make_v itself_o a_o passage_n through_o it_o and_o if_o the_o stopple_n g_o of_o the_o short_a pipe_n g_o h_n which_o be_v place_v there_o likewise_o to_o illustrate_v the_o present_a conjecture_n do_v not_o firm_o close_v the_o orifice_n of_o it_o it_o may_v be_v force_v out_o not_o without_o violence_n and_o noise_n and_o for_o further_a satisfaction_n if_o in_o stead_n of_o the_o stopple_n g_o you_o close_v the_o orifice_n with_o your_o finger_n you_o shall_v find_v it_o press_v upward_o as_o strong_o as_o it_o will_v be_v press_v downward_o by_o the_o weight_n of_o a_o cylinder_n of_o water_n of_o
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be_v great_a enough_o to_o make_v it_o subside_o and_o perhaps_o it_o will_v not_o be_v impertinent_a to_o take_v notice_n before_o we_o conclude_v how_o the_o pressure_n of_o such_o differ_a fluid_n as_o air_n and_o water_n may_v be_v communicate_v to_o one_o another_o for_o have_v sometime_o forbear_v to_o fill_v the_o vessel_n a_o b_o c_o d_o quite_o full_a of_o water_n so_o that_o when_o the_o cork_n be_v fit_v to_o it_o there_o remain_v in_o it_o a_o pretty_a quantity_n of_o air_n as_o between_o the_o surface_n l_o m_o and_o the_o cork_n nevertheless_o if_o the_o stopple_n or_o cork_n be_v very_o close_o put_v in_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o water_n that_o be_v afterward_o pour_v into_o the_o pipe_n e_o f_o from_o i_o to_o k_o will_v make_v the_o bubble_n sink_v little_a otherwise_o for_o aught_o i_o take_v notice_n of_o then_o if_o the_o vessel_n have_v be_v perfect_o fill_v with_o water_n the_o air_n above_o l_o m_o that_o be_v both_o imprison_v and_o compress_v communicate_v 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equal_a height_n in_o the_o long_o as_o from_o f_o to_o j._n then_o stop_v the_o orifice_n e_o of_o the_o long_a leg_n with_o your_o finger_n and_o immerse_v the_o replenish_v part_n of_o the_o syphon_n about_o a_o inch_n under_o water_n you_o shall_v perceive_v that_o as_o you_o thrust_v it_o low_o and_o low_o upon_o the_o removal_n of_o your_o finger_n the_o oil_n in_o the_o short_a leg_n will_v be_v make_v to_o sink_v about_o a_o inch_n or_o somewhat_o more_o and_o as_o afterward_o you_o thrust_v the_o pipe_n deep_o the_o oil_n in_o the_o short_a leg_n will_v by_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o incumbent_a water_n h_z k_o be_v drive_v downward_o more_o and_o more_o till_o it_o come_v to_o the_o very_a bottom_n of_o the_o short_a leg_n whence_o by_o continue_v the_o immersion_n you_o may_v impel_v it_o into_o the_o long_a the_o cause_n of_o which_o phaenomenon_n i_o suppose_v to_o be_v already_o clear_o enough_o assign_v to_o make_v it_o needless_a to_o add_v any_o thing_n here_o about_o it_o it_o remain_v that_o before_o i_o proceed_v to_o the_o next_o proposition_n i_o add_v that_o to_o exemplify_v at_o once_o three_o paradox_n both_o this_o and_o the_o next_o forego_n 16._o and_o the_o second_o i_o cause_v to_o be_v make_v a_o slender_a glass-pipe_n of_o the_o figure_n express_v in_o the_o annex_v scheme_n and_o have_v by_o the_o low_a orifice_n l_o suck_v into_o it_o as_o much_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n as_o reach_v in_o the_o long_a leg_n n_o o_o as_o high_a as_o the_o top_n of_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o glass_n namely_o to_o the_o part_n p_o in_o the_o same_o level_n with_o the_o orifice_n l_o i_o first_o stop_v the_o upper_a orifice_n of_o it_o o_o with_o my_o finger_n and_o then_o thrust_v it_o as_o before_o under_o water_n to_o a_o convenient_a depth_n upon_o the_o removal_n of_o my_o finger_n the_o external_n water_n do_v first_o drive_v away_o the_o oil_n that_o be_v in_o l_o m_o that_o part_n of_o the_o crooked_a pipe_n which_o be_v parallel_n to_o the_o horizon_n than_o it_o depress_v the_o same_o oil_n to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o short_a leg_n that_o be_v from_o m_n to_o n_o and_o last_o it_o impel_v it_o all_o up_o into_o the_o long_a leg_n n_o p_o o_o to_o what_o height_n i_o think_v fit_a so_o that_o the_o oil_n be_v press_v by_o the_o water_n both_o lateral_o downward_o and_o upward_o the_o cause_n of_o which_o be_v easy_o deducible_a from_o the_o doctrine_n already_o deliver_v paradox_n ix_o that_o what_o ever_o be_v say_v of_o positive_a levity_n a_o parcel_n of_o oil_n light_a than_o water_n may_v be_v keep_v in_o water_n without_o ascend_v in_o it_o to_o make_v out_o what_o i_o have_v to_o represent_v about_o this_o paradox_n the_o more_o intelligible_a the_o best_a way_n perhaps_o will_v be_v to_o set_v down_o the_o consideration_n that_o induce_v i_o to_o judge_v the_o thing_n it_o pretend_v to_o feasible_a and_o in_o order_n to_o this_o it_o will_v be_v expedient_a to_o consider_v why_o it_o be_v that_o a_o body_n light_a in_o specie_fw-la then_o water_n be_v place_v never_o so_o much_o beneath_o the_o superficies_n of_o that_o liquor_n will_v rather_o emerge_n to_o the_o top_n then_o sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o it_o if_o we_o have_v not_o already_o consider_v that_o problem_n in_o the_o explication_n of_o the_o three_o paradox_n but_o be_v now_o allow_v to_o apply_v to_o our_o present_a purpose_n what_o have_v be_v there_o deliver_v i_o shall_v forthwith_o subjoyne_v that_o it_o be_v easy_a enough_o for_o i_o to_o collect_v from_o hence_o that_o the_o reason_n why_o it_o seem_v not_o possible_a that_o a_o parcel_n of_o oil_n light_a than_o water_n shall_v without_o violence_n
part_n of_o the_o water_n soever_o it_o be_v place_v provide_v it_o be_v perfect_o environ_v with_o that_o liquor_n it_o must_v keep_v in_o the_o water_n which_o in_o this_o whole_a discourse_n we_o suppose_v to_o be_v homogeneous_a as_o to_o gravity_n the_o place_n you_o please_v to_o give_v it_o and_o to_o add_v that_o on_o this_o occasion_n though_o mathematician_n have_v hitherto_o content_v themselves_o to_o prove_v that_o in_o case_n a_o body_n can_v be_v find_v or_o provide_v that_o be_v exact_o equiponderant_a to_o water_n it_o will_v retain_v any_o assignable_a place_n in_o it_o yet_o the_o curiosity_n we_o have_v to_o give_v a_o experimental_a proof_n of_o this_o truth_n at_o length_n produce_v some_o glass_n bubble_n which_o some_o gentleman_n here_o present_a have_v not_o perhaps_o forget_v that_o be_v by_o a_o dexterous_a hand_n we_o employ_v about_o it_o so_o exquisite_o poise_v as_o to_o the_o wonder_n of_o the_o beholder_n to_o retain_v the_o place_n give_v they_o sometime_o in_o the_o middle_n sometime_o near_o the_o top_n &_o sometime_o near_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o water_n though_o that_o be_v homogeneous_a for_o a_o great_a while_n till_o some_o change_n of_o consistence_n or_o gravity_n in_o the_o water_n or_o some_o of_o its_o part_n make_v the_o bubble_n rise_v or_o fall_v the_o application_n of_o this_o to_o what_o have_v be_v object_v concern_v horsehair_n be_v too_o easy_a to_o need_v to_o be_v insist_v on_o there_o remain_v to_o be_v dispatch_v our_o author_n seven_o and_o last_o argument_n which_o be_v this_o object_n 7._o that_o otherwise_o all_o the_o inferior_a part_n of_o the_o water_n will_v be_v in_o perpetual_a motion_n and_o perpetual_o expel_v by_o the_o superior_a answ_n but_o if_o by_o the_o inferior_a part_n he_o mean_v such_o portion_n as_o be_v of_o any_o considerable_a bulk_n the_o answer_n new_o make_v to_o the_o last_o objection_n where_o we_o show_v that_o the_o body_n r_z will_v retain_v its_o place_n any_o where_o in_o the_o water_n and_o consequent_o near_o the_o bottom_n will_v show_v the_o invalidity_n of_o this_o objection_n and_o unless_o we_o know_v of_o what_o bigness_n and_o shape_n the_o corpuscle_n of_o water_n be_v it_o will_v perhaps_o be_v to_o little_a purpose_n to_o dispute_v how_o far_o it_o may_v be_v grant_v or_o may_v be_v true_a in_o the_o particle_n that_o water_n be_v make_v up_o of_o only_o this_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o whereas_o this_o learned_a author_n mention_n it_o as_o a_o absurdity_n that_o the_o low_a part_n of_o water_n shall_v be_v in_o perpetual_a motion_n and_o stevinus_n himself_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o his_o hydrostatical_a element_n seem_v to_o i_o to_o speak_v somewhat_o inconsiderate_o of_o this_o matter_n and_o though_o as_o i_o late_o say_v i_o allow_v such_o sensible_a body_n as_o those_o who_o gravity_n in_o water_n writer_n be_v wont_a to_o dispute_v of_o to_o be_v capable_a of_o retain_v their_o place_n in_o water_n if_o they_o be_v in_o specie_fw-la equiponderant_fw-la to_o it_o yet_o i_o be_o so_o far_o from_o think_v it_o absurd_a that_o the_o inferior_a corpuseles_o of_o water_n shall_v be_v perpetual_o in_o motion_n that_o i_o see_v not_o how_o otherwise_o they_o can_v constitute_v a_o fluid_a body_n that_o restless_a motion_n of_o their_o part_n be_v one_o of_o the_o generale_a attribute_n of_o liquor_n and_o be_v in_o water_n though_o not_o immediate_o to_o be_v see_v yet_o to_o be_v easy_o discover_v by_o its_o effect_n as_o when_o salt_n be_v cast_v into_o water_n the_o aqueous_a part_n that_o be_v contiguous_a to_o it_o and_o consequent_o near_a to_o the_o bottom_n do_v soon_o carry_v up_o many_o of_o the_o faline_a one_o to_o the_o very_a top_n of_o the_o water_n where_o after_o a_o while_n they_o be_v wont_n to_o disclose_v themselves_o in_o little_a float_a grain_n of_o a_o cubical_a shape_n but_o of_o this_o restless_a motion_n of_o the_o part_n of_o liquor_n have_v profess_o treat_v elsewhere_o already_o firmness_n i_o shall_v add_v nothing_o at_o present_a but_o rather_o take_v notice_n of_o what_o our_o author_n subjoin_v to_o the_o last_o of_o his_o argument_n as_o the_o grand_a thing_n which_o they_o suppose_v in_o these_o word_n ratio_fw-la porro_fw-la a_o priori_fw-la huius_fw-la sententiae_fw-la videtur_fw-la esse_fw-la quia_fw-la res_fw-la non_fw-la dicitur_fw-la gravitare_fw-la nisi_fw-la quatenus_fw-la habet_fw-la infra_fw-la se_fw-la corpus_fw-la levius_fw-la se_fw-la in_o specie_fw-la the_o erroniousness_n of_o which_o conceit_n if_o i_o shall_v now_o go_v about_o solemn_o to_o evince_v i_o as_o well_o fear_v it_o will_v be_v tedious_a as_o i_o hope_v it_o will_v be_v needless_a to_o those_o that_o have_v not_o forget_v what_o may_v concern_v this_o subject_n in_o the_o former_a part_n of_o the_o now_o at_o length_n finish_v discourse_n and_o especial_o where_o i_o mention_v those_o experiment_n which_o show_n that_o neither_o a_o stone_n nor_o gold_n itself_o when_o place_v deep_a under_o water_n will_v sink_v in_o it_o if_o the_o superior_a water_n that_o gravitates_fw-la on_o it_o do_v not_o contribute_v to_o its_o depression_n appendix_n ii_o concern_v the_o reason_n why_o divers_a and_o other_o who_o descend_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o oppress_v by_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o incumbent_a water_n among_o the_o difficulty_n that_o belong_v to_o the_o hydrostaticks_n there_o be_v one_o which_o be_v so_o noble_a and_o which_o do_v still_o so_o much_o both_o exercise_n and_o pose_v the_o wit_n of_o the_o curious_a that_o perchance_o it_o will_v not_o be_v unacceptable_a if_o to_o the_o former_a experiment_n we_o add_v by_o way_n of_o appendix_n one_o that_o may_v conduce_v to_o the_o solve_v of_o this_o difficult_a problem_n viz._n why_o man_n deep_a under_o water_n feel_v no_o inconvenience_n by_o the_o pressure_n of_o so_o great_a a_o weight_n of_o water_n as_o they_o be_v place_v under_o the_o common_a answer_n of_o philosopher_n and_o other_o writer_n to_o this_o puzzle_v question_n be_v that_o the_o element_n do_v not_o gravitate_fw-la in_o their_o own_o proper_a place_n and_o so_o water_n in_o particular_a have_v no_o gravitation_n upon_o water_n nor_o consequent_o upon_o body_n every_o way_n surround_v with_o water_n but_o that_o this_o solution_n be_v not_o to_o be_v admit_v may_v be_v easy_o gather_v from_o our_o proof_n of_o the_o first_o paradox_n and_o from_o divers_a other_o particular_n applicable_a to_o the_o same_o purpose_n that_o may_v be_v meet_v with_o in_o the_o forego_n paper_n a_o famous_a writer_n and_o for_o aught_o i_o know_v the_o recent_a except_o monsieur_n paschal_n that_o have_v treat_v of_o hydrostaticks_n have_v render_v this_o reason_n of_o the_o phaenomenon_n the_o superior_a part_n of_o consistent_a water_n as_o he_o speak_v press_v not_o the_o inferior_a unless_o beneath_o the_o inferior_a there_o be_v a_o body_n light_a in_o specie_fw-la then_o water_n and_o therefore_o since_o a_o humane_a body_n be_v heavy_a in_o specie_fw-la then_o water_n it_o be_v not_o press_v by_o the_o incumbent_a water_n because_o this_o do_v not_o endeavour_v to_o be_v beneath_o a_o humane_a body_n he_o subjoin_v contrary_a to_o his_o custom_n this_o confident_a epiphonema_n qui_fw-la aliam_fw-la causam_fw-la huius_fw-la rei_fw-la assignant_fw-la errant_a &_o alios_fw-la decipiunt_fw-la but_o by_o his_o favour_n notwithstanding_o this_o confidence_n i_o shall_v not_o scruple_n to_o seek_v another_o reason_n of_o the_o phaenomenon_n for_o i_o have_v abundant_o prove_v that_o contrary_a to_o the_o assertion_n on_o which_o his_o explication_n be_v build_v the_o upper_a part_n of_o water_n press_v against_o the_o low_a whether_o a_o body_n heavy_a or_o light_a in_o specie_fw-la then_o water_n be_v underneath_o the_o low_a and_o the_o contrary_a of_o which_o be_v the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o this_o controversy_n perhaps_o the_o matter_n may_v be_v somewhat_o clear_v by_o mention_v here_o a_o distinction_n which_o i_o sometime_o make_v use_n of_o i_o consider_v then_o a_o body_n may_v be_v say_v to_o gravitate_fw-la upon_o another_o body_n in_o two_o sense_n for_o sometime_o it_o actual_o sink_v into_o or_o get_v beneath_o the_o body_n that_o be_v under_o it_o as_o a_o sink_n stone_n gravitates_fw-la upon_o water_n and_o which_o i_o call_v praevalent_a or_o successful_a gravitation_n &_o sometime_o it_o do_v not_o actual_o at_o least_o not_o visible_o descend_v but_o only_o exercise_v its_o gravitation_n by_o press_v against_o the_o subjacent_a body_n that_o hinder_v its_o descent_n as_o when_o a_o woman_n carry_v a_o pail_n of_o water_n on_o her_o head_n though_o the_o weight_n do_v not_o actual_o get_v near_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n yet_o actual_o press_v with_o its_o whole_a gravity_n upon_o the_o woman_n head_n and_o back_o and_o other_o subjacent_a part_n that_o hinder_v its_o actual_a descent_n and_o according_a
to_o this_o doctrine_n i_o can_v admit_v our_o author_n reason_v that_o because_o a_o man_n body_n be_v bulk_n for_o bulk_n heavy_a than_o water_n therefore_o the_o water_n do_v not_o endeavour_v to_o place_v its_o self_n beneath_o it_o for_o water_n be_v a_o heavy_a body_n derive_v from_o the_o cause_n of_o its_o gravity_n what_o ever_o that_o be_v a_o incessant_a endeavour_n towards_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n nor_o be_v there_o any_o reason_n why_o it_o be_v happen_v to_o be_v incumbent_a on_o a_o body_n heavy_a in_o specie_fw-la then_o itself_o shall_v destroy_v that_o endeavour_n and_o therefore_o though_o it_o may_v be_v say_v that_o the_o water_n do_v not_o endeavour_v to_o place_v itself_o beneath_o a_o humane_a body_n because_o indeed_o a_o inanimate_a liquor_n can_v proper_o be_v say_v to_o act_v for_o this_o or_o any_o other_o end_n yet_o the_o water_n be_v a_o heavy_a body_n tend_v continual_o towards_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o therefore_o will_v get_v beneath_o any_o body_n that_o be_v place_v betwixt_o it_o and_o that_o without_o regard_n whether_o the_o inferior_a body_n be_v heavy_a or_o light_a in_o specie_fw-la then_o itself_o as_o far_o as_o the_o degree_n of_o its_o gravity_n will_v enable_v it_o nor_o will_v it_o ever_o rest_n till_o it_o have_v reach_v the_o lowermost_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n if_o the_o great_a ponderousness_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o other_o heavy_a body_n do_v not_o hinder_v not_o its_o endeavour_n downward_o nor_o its_o pressure_n upon_o subjacent_a body_n but_o only_o its_o actual_a descent_n this_o learned_a author_n himself_o tell_v we_o as_o well_o as_o stevinus_n and_o other_o that_o have_v write_v of_o the_o hydrostaticks_n unanimous_o teach_v that_o if_o the_o bottom_n of_o a_o vessel_n be_v parallel_n to_o the_o horizon_n the_o weight_n of_o water_n that_o rest_v upon_o it_o be_v equal_a to_o a_o pillar_n of_o water_n have_v that_o bottom_n for_o its_o basis_n and_o for_o its_o height_n a_o perpendicular_a reach_v thence_o to_o the_o uppermost_a surface_n of_o the_o water_n nor_o be_v it_o reasonable_a to_o conceive_v that_o there_o will_v be_v any_o difference_n in_o this_o pressure_n of_o the_o incumbent_a water_n whether_o the_o bottom_n be_v of_o deal_n that_o will_v swim_v or_o of_o box_n that_o will_v sink_v in_o water_n or_o to_o speak_v more_o general_o whether_o it_o be_v of_o wood_n in_o specie_fw-la light_a than_o water_n or_o of_o copper_n or_o some_o other_o metal_n that_o be_v in_o specie_fw-la heavy_a than_o it_o and_o since_o water_n be_v not_o a_o solid_a body_n but_o a_o fluid_a consist_v as_o other_o fluid_n of_o innumerable_a corpuscle_n that_o though_o extreme_o minute_n have_v their_o own_o size_n and_o figure_n and_o since_o the_o pressure_n of_o water_n upon_o the_o bottom_n of_o a_o vessel_n be_v proportionate_a to_o its_o perpendicular_a height_n over_o the_o bottom_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o upper_a corpuscle_n press_v the_o 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beneath_o it_o and_o who_o can_v assure_v the_o maker_n of_o this_o objection_n that_o there_o be_v not_o beneath_o even_o the_o bottom_n of_o river_n or_o of_o the_o sea_n where_o yet_o they_o say_v water_n be_v consistent_a and_o rest_v as_o in_o its_o own_o place_n vast_a space_n replenish_v but_o with_o air_n fume_n or_o fire_n or_o some_o other_o body_n light_a than_o water_n for_o not_o to_o mention_v that_o the_o cartesian_o take_v the_o earth_n we_o tread_v on_o to_o be_v but_o a_o thin_a crust_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n who_o inside_n as_o far_o as_o the_o centre_n be_v replenish_v with_o a_o subtle_a fluid_fw-la matter_n like_o that_o whereof_o the_o sun_n consist_v we_o know_v that_o in_o some_o place_n as_o particular_o at_o a_o famous_a coal-mine_a in_o scotland_n there_o be_v great_a cavity_n that_o reach_v a_o good_a way_n under_o that_o ground_n that_o serve_v there_o for_o a_o bottom_n to_o the_o sea_n so_o that_o for_o aught_o these_o objector_n know_v even_o according_a to_o their_o own_o doctrine_n the_o water_n even_o in_o the_o sea_n may_v endeavour_v to_o get_v beneath_o a_o body_n heavy_a in_o specie_fw-la then_o itself_o but_o for_o my_o part_n i_o can_v but_o think_v that_o to_o imagine_v the_o water_n know_v whether_o or_o no_o there_o be_v air_n or_o some_o light_a body_n than_o itself_o beneath_o the_o body_n it_o lean_v on_o and_o the_o superior_a part_n do_v according_o exercise_v or_o suspend_v their_o pressure_n upon_o the_o inferior_a be_v to_o forget_v that_o it_o be_v a_o heavy_a liquor_n and_o a_o inanimate_a body_n another_o solution_n there_o be_v of_o this_o hydrostatical_a problem_n we_o have_v be_v discourse_v of_o which_o i_o meet_v with_o in_o a_o print_a letter_n of_o mounseur_fw-fr des_fw-mi cartes_n in_o these_o term_n je_fw-fr ne_fw-fr i_o etc._n etc._n i_o remember_v not_o what_o reason_n it_o be_v that_o stevinus_n give_v 32._o why_o one_o feel_v not_o weight_n of_o water_n when_o one_o be_v under_o it_o but_o the_o true_a one_o be_v that_o there_o can_v no_o more_o of_o water_n gravitate_fw-la upon_o the_o body_n that_o be_v in_o it_o or_o under_o it_o then_o as_o much_o water_n as_o can_v descend_v in_o case_n that_o body_n leave_v its_o place_n thus_o for_o example_n 22._o if_o there_o be_v a_o man_n in_o the_o barrel_n b_o that_o shall_v with_o his_o body_n so_o stop_v the_o hole_n a_o as_o to_o hinder_v the_o water_n get_v out_o he_o will_v feel_v upon_o himself_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o whole_a cylinder_n of_o water_n a_o b_o c_o of_o which_o i_o suppose_v the_o basis_n to_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o hole_n a_o for_o as_o much_o as_o if_o he_o sink_v down_o through_o the_o hole_n all_o the_o cylinder_n of_o water_n will_v descend_v too_o but_o if_o he_o be_v a_o little_a high_o as_o about_o b_o so_o that_o he_o do_v no_o long_o hinder_v the_o water_n from_o run_v out_o at_o the_o hole_n a_o he_o ought_v not_o to_o feel_v any_o weight_n of_o the_o water_n which_o be_v over_o he_o betwixt_o b_o and_o c_o because_o if_o he_o shall_v descend_v towards_o a_o that_o water_n will_v not_o descend_v with_o he_o but_o contrariwise_o a_o part_n of_o the_o water_n which_o be_v beneath_o he_o towards_o a_o of_o equal_a bulk_n to_o his_o body_n will_v ascend_v into_o its_o place_n so_o that_o in_o stead_n of_o feel_v the_o water_n to_o press_v he_o from_o the_o top_n downward_o he_o ought_v to_o feel_v that_o it_o buoy_v he_o upward_o from_o the_o bottom_n which_o by_o experience_n we_o see_v thus_o far_o this_o subtle_a philosopher_n for_o who_o ratiocination_n though_o i_o be_o wont_a to_o have_v much_o respect_n yet_o i_o must_v take_v the_o liberty_n to_o confess_v myself_o unsatisfy_a with_o this_o for_o have_v already_o sufficient_o prove_v that_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o water_n press_v the_o low_a and_o the_o body_n place_v beneath_o they_o whether_o such_o body_n be_v light_a in_o specie_fw-la then_o water_n or_o heavy_a we_o have_v subvert_v the_o foundation_n upon_o which_o monsieur_n cartes_n ingenious_a though_o unsatisfactory_a explication_n be_v build_v and_o yet_o i_o shall_v add_v ex_fw-la abundanti_fw-la that_o suppose_v what_o he_o say_v that_o in_o case_n the_o solid_a b_o shall_v descend_v towards_o a_o the_o incumbent_a water_n will_v not_o descend_v with_o it_o but_o a_o part_n of_o the_o subjacent_a water_n equal_a in_o bulk_n to_o the_o solid_a will_v ascend_v and_o succeed_v in_o its_o room_n yet_o that_o be_v but_o accidental_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o steinchness_n and_o fullness_n of_o the_o vessel_n and_o though_o indeed_o the_o superior_a water_n can_v actual_o descend_v upon_o the_o depression_n of_o the_o solid_a at_o b_o if_z at_o the_o same_o time_n while_o that_o body_n descend_v a_o equal_a bulk_n of_o water_n succeed_v in_o its_o
place_n yet_o both_o the_o solid_a about_n c_o and_o the_o water_n that_o succeed_v it_o do_v in_o their_o turn_n hinder_v the_o descent_n of_o the_o superior_a water_n which_o therefore_o must_v gravitate_fw-la upon_o which_o soever_o of_o the_o two_o it_o be_v that_o actual_o come_v to_o be_v place_v direct_o under_o it_o if_o there_o be_v nothing_o before_o the_o displace_n of_o the_o solid_a capable_a to_o take_v away_o the_o natural_a gravity_n upon_o who_o account_n the_o water_n over_z b_o and_o c_o do_v incessant_o tend_v downward_o and_o though_o monsieur_n des_n cartes_n do_v not_o so_o clear_o express_v himself_o whether_o he_o suppose_v the_o hole_n at_o a_o to_o be_v stop_v with_o some_o other_o body_n when_o the_o solid_a be_v place_v about_o b_o yet_o because_o he_o be_v wont_a to_o speak_v consistent_o i_o presume_v he_o mean_v that_o when_o the_o solid_a be_v remove_v to_o b_o the_o hole_n at_o a_o be_v otherwise_o sufficient_o stop_v i_o say_v then_o that_o the_o reason_n why_o the_o solid_a which_o whilst_o at_o a_o sustain_v a_o great_a pressure_n from_o the_o incumbent_a water_n feel_v not_o the_o weight_n of_o it_o when_o place_v at_o b_o be_v not_o that_o which_o monsieur_n des_fw-fr cartes_n give_v but_o this_o that_o the_o solid_a be_v environ_v with_o water_n the_o subjacent_a water_n do_v as_o we_o have_v often_o have_v occasion_n to_o manifest_v press_v it_o upward_o full_o as_o strong_o and_o somewhat_o more_o as_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o incumbent_a water_n press_v it_o downward_o so_o that_o a_o man_n body_n in_o stead_n of_o sink_v will_v be_v buoy_v up_o if_o as_o it_o be_v a_o little_o heavy_a it_o be_v a_o little_o light_a in_o specie_fw-la then_o water_n whereas_o when_o the_o solid_a be_v that_o alone_a which_o cover_v and_o stop_v the_o hole_n there_o be_v a_o manifest_a reason_n why_o it_o shall_v be_v forcible_o thrust_v downward_o by_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o incumbent_a water_n b_o c._n for_o in_o that_o case_n there_o be_v no_o water_n underneath_o it_o at_o a_o to_o support_v the_o solid_a and_o by_o its_o pressure_n upward_o to_o enable_v it_o to_o resist_v so_o great_a a_o weight_n and_o this_o to_o hint_n that_o upon_o the_o by_o may_v perchance_o help_v we_o to_o guess_v at_o the_o reason_n of_o what_o geographer_n relate_v of_o the_o lake_n asphaltites_n in_o judea_n in_o case_n the_o matter_n of_o fact_n be_v true_a that_o this_o dead_a sea_n as_o they_o also_o call_v it_o will_v not_o suffer_v any_o live_a creature_n to_o sink_v in_o it_o for_o the_o body_n of_o a_o man_n and_o for_o aught_o we_o know_v of_o other_o animal_n be_v not_o much_o heavy_a in_o specie_fw-la then_o common_a fresh_a water_n now_o if_o in_o this_o lake_n that_o stand_v where_o sodom_n and_o gomorrah_n do_v before_o those_o impious_a region_n be_v destroy_v by_o fire_n from_o heaven_n we_o suppose_v which_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o soil_n and_o the_o sacred_a story_n make_v probable_a enough_o that_o the_o water_n abound_v with_o saline_n or_o sulphurous_a corpuscle_n the_o former_a help_v the_o late_a to_o associate_v with_o the_o water_n as_o we_o see_v in_o soap_n consist_v of_o salt_n and_o oil_n and_o in_o chemical_a mixture_n of_o alcalis_fw-la and_o brimstone_n dissoluble_a in_o water_n the_o liquor_n may_v have_v its_o gravity_n so_o augment_v as_o to_o become_v heavy_a in_o specie_fw-la than_o the_o body_n of_o a_o animal_n for_o i_o have_v learn_v of_o a_o light_a swimmer_n that_o he_o can_v hardly_o begin_v to_o dive_v in_o salt_n water_n though_o he_o easy_o can_v in_o fresh_a and_o it_o be_v not_o difficult_a to_o make_v a_o brine_n or_o lixivium_n which_o be_v but_o solution_n of_o salt_n in_o water_n heavy_a enough_o to_o keep_v up_o a_o egg_n from_o sink_v and_o not_o only_o bare_o by_o dissolve_v a_o metalline_a body_n in_o a_o saline_n menstruum_fw-la without_o otherwise_o thickening_a the_o liquor_n i_o have_v bring_v solid_a piece_n of_o amber_n itself_o to_o swim_v upon_o it_o but_o i_o have_v try_v that_o certain_a saline_a solution_n which_o i_o elsewhere_o mention_v nay_o and_o a_o distil_a liquor_n i_o use_v defleam_v oil_n of_o vitriol_n without_o any_o thing_n dissolve_v in_o it_o will_v do_v the_o same_o thing_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o numerous_a though_o minute_n corpuscle_n of_o salt_n and_o sulphur_n that_o it_o abound_v with_o there_o remain_v but_o one_o solution_n more_o of_o our_o hydrostatical_a problem_n that_o i_o think_v worth_n mention_v and_o that_o be_v give_v by_o the_o learned_a stevinus_n in_o these_o word_n omni_fw-la pressu_fw-la quo_fw-la corpus_fw-la dolore_fw-la afficitur_fw-la pars_fw-la aliqua_fw-la corporis_fw-la luxatur_fw-la sed_fw-la isto_fw-la pressu_fw-la nulla_fw-la corporis_fw-la pars_fw-la luxatur_fw-la isto_fw-la igitur_fw-la pressu_fw-la corpus_fw-la dolore_fw-la nullo_n afficitur_fw-la assumptio_fw-la syllogismi_fw-la manifesta_fw-la est_fw-la nam_fw-la si_fw-la pars_fw-la aliqua_fw-la ut_fw-la caro_fw-la sanguis_fw-la humour_n aut_fw-la quodlibet_fw-la denique_fw-la membrum_fw-la luxaretur_fw-la 149._o in_fw-la alium_fw-la locum_fw-la concedat_fw-la necesse_fw-la esset_fw-la fundum_fw-la atqui_fw-la locus_fw-la ille_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la extra_fw-la corpus_fw-la urgeat_fw-la cum_fw-la aqua_fw-la undiquaque_fw-la aequali_fw-la pressu_fw-la circumfusa_fw-la sit_fw-la quod_fw-la vero_fw-la pars_fw-la ima_fw-la 23._o per_fw-la 11._o propositionem_fw-la hydrostaticorum_fw-la declaratur_fw-la paulo_fw-la validius_fw-la prematur_fw-la superiori_fw-la id_fw-la hoc_fw-la casu_fw-la nullius_fw-la momenti_fw-la est_fw-la quia_fw-la tantula_n differentia_fw-la partem_fw-la nullam_fw-la sua_fw-la sede_fw-la dimovere_fw-la potest_fw-la neque_fw-la item_n intra_fw-la ipsum_fw-la corpus_fw-la concedit_fw-la cum_fw-la istic_fw-la corpore_fw-la omne_fw-la oppleta_fw-la sint_fw-la unde_fw-la singulae_fw-la part_n singulis_fw-la partibus_fw-la aequaliter_fw-la resistunt_fw-la namque_fw-la aqua_fw-la undiquaque_fw-la eadem_fw-la ratione_fw-la corpus_fw-la totum_fw-la circumstat_fw-la quare_fw-la cum_fw-la locus_fw-la be_v nec_fw-la intra_fw-la nec_fw-la extra_fw-la corpus_fw-la sit_fw-la absurdum_fw-la imo_fw-la impossibile_fw-it fuerit_fw-la partem_fw-la ullam_fw-la svo_fw-la loco_fw-la emoveri_fw-la ideoque_fw-la nec_fw-la corpus_fw-la hic_fw-la afficitur_fw-la dolore_fw-la this_o solution_n of_o stevinus_n i_o esteem_v preferrible_a by_o far_o to_o those_o that_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v give_v of_o this_o difficult_a problem_n but_o yet_o the_o phaenomenon_n seem_v to_o i_o to_o have_v still_o somewhat_o in_o it_o of_o strange_a it_o be_v true_a that_o if_o the_o question_n be_v only_o that_o which_o some_o put_v viz._n why_o the_o body_n of_o a_o diver_n when_o it_o be_v near_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o press_v down_o by_o so_o vast_a a_o weight_n of_o water_n as_o be_v incumbent_n on_o it_o it_o may_v be_v rational_o answer_v that_o the_o weight_n of_o so_o much_o water_n as_o lean_v upon_o the_o body_n be_v not_o sustain_v by_o the_o force_n of_o the_o body_n itself_o but_o by_o that_o of_o the_o water_n which_o be_v under_o it_o for_o by_o the_o experiment_n and_o explication_n we_o have_v annex_v to_o some_o of_o the_o forego_n paradox_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o subjacent_a water_n by_o its_o pressure_n upward_o be_v able_a not_o only_o to_o support_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o incumbent_a water_n but_o so_o far_o to_o exceed_v it_o that_o it_o will_v not_o only_o support_v the_o immersed_a body_n and_o the_o incumbent_a water_n but_o buoy_v up_o the_o body_n if_o it_o be_v never_o so_o little_o light_a in_o specie_fw-la then_o water_n and_o as_o for_o what_o stevinus_n insinuate_v that_o when_o the_o water_n press_v the_o body_n every_o way_n that_o pressure_n be_v not_o feel_v though_o it_o will_v be_v in_o case_n it_o press_v upon_o some_o part_n and_o not_o upon_o other_o i_o be_o of_o the_o same_o opinion_n too_o and_o to_o prove_v it_o shall_v not_o make_v use_n of_o the_o example_n he_o propose_v in_o the_o word_n immediate_o follow_v those_o of_o he_o i_o just_a now_o recite_v for_o i_o doubt_v that_o example_n be_v rather_o a_o supposition_n than_o a_o try_a thing_n but_o by_o a_o experiment_n which_o may_v be_v easy_o make_v and_o have_v diverse_a time_n be_v so_o in_o our_o pneumatical_a engine_n for_o though_o the_o air_n be_v a_o heavy_a fluid_fw-la and_o though_o whilst_o it_o uniform_o press_v the_o whole_a superficies_n of_o the_o body_n we_o feel_v not_o the_o pressure_n of_o it_o and_o though_o for_o this_o reason_n you_o may_v lay_v the_o palm_n of_o your_o hand_n upon_o the_o open_a orifice_n of_o a_o small_a brass_n cylinder_n apply_v to_o the_o engine_n instead_o of_o a_o receiver_n without_o any_o hurt_n yet_o when_o by_o pump_v the_o air_n that_o be_v before_o under_o the_o palm_n of_o your_o hand_n be_v withdraw_v and_o consequent_o can_v no_o long_o help_v to_o support_v your_o hand_n against_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o external_a and_o incumbent_a air_n the_o external_a air_n will_v lean_v so_o heavy_a upon_o the_o back_n of_o
your_o hand_n that_o you_o will_v imagine_v some_o ponderous_a weight_n be_v lay_v upon_o it_o and_o i_o remember_v by_o such_o a_o experiment_n i_o have_v not_o only_o have_v my_o hand_n put_v to_o much_o pain_n but_o have_v have_v the_o back_n of_o it_o so_o bend_v downward_o as_o if_o it_o be_v go_v to_o be_v break_v but_o though_o such_o consideration_n as_o these_o may_v much_o lessen_v the_o difficulty_n of_o our_o phaenomenon_n who_o cause_n be_v inquire_v into_o yet_o still_o it_o seem_v somewhat_o odd_a to_o i_o that_o since_o it_o be_v evident_a from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n and_o by_o stevinus_n his_o confession_n that_o there_o be_v a_o vast_a pressure_n of_o water_n against_o every_o part_n of_o the_o body_n who_o endeavour_n tend_v inward_a so_o exceed_o forcible_a a_o pressure_n which_o thrust_v for_o instance_n the_o muscle_n of_o the_o arm_n and_o thigh_n against_o the_o bone_n the_o skin_n and_o flesh_n of_o the_o thorax_n against_o the_o rib_n shall_v not_o put_v the_o dive_v to_o any_o sensible_a pain_n as_o i_o find_v not_o by_o one_o that_o i_o examine_v that_o it_o do_v though_o this_o man_n tell_v i_o he_o stay_v a_o good_a while_n at_o the_o depth_n of_o betwixt_o 80_o and_o 100_o foot_n under_o the_o sea_n water_n which_o be_v heavy_a than_o fresh_a water_n for_o that_o which_o stevinus_n explication_n will_v only_o showis_n that_o there_o must_v be_v no_o manifest_a dislocation_n of_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o body_n whereas_o the_o bare_a compression_n of_o two_o small_a part_n one_o against_o another_o be_v sufficient_a to_o produce_v a_o sense_n of_o pain_n but_o it_o seem_v the_o texture_n of_o the_o body_n of_o animal_n be_v better_a able_a to_o resist_v the_o pressure_n of_o a_o every_o way_n ambient_fw-la fluid_fw-la then_o if_o we_o be_v not_o teach_v by_o experience_n we_o shall_v imagine_v and_o therefore_o to_o satisfy_v those_o that_o seclude_v the_o question_n about_o the_o sense_n of_o pain_n think_v it_o a_o abundant_o sufficient_a argument_n to_o prove_v that_o body_n immerse_v under_o water_n be_v not_o compress_v by_o it_o that_o divers_a be_v not_o oppress_v and_o even_o crush_v by_o so_o vast_a a_o load_n of_o water_n amount_v by_o stevinus_n computation_n to_o many_o thousand_o of_o pound_n as_o be_v incumbent_n on_o they_o we_o will_v add_v that_o though_o a_o experiment_n propose_v by_o monsieur_n paschal_n to_o this_o purpose_n be_v such_o that_o at_o first_o sight_n i_o say_v that_o it_o will_v not_o succeed_v and_o be_v not_o upon_o trial_n mistake_v in_o my_o conjecture_n yet_o it_o give_v i_o the_o occasion_n to_o make_v another_o which_o will_v i_o hope_v full_o make_v out_o the_o thing_n i_o design_v it_o for_o the_o ingenious_a mounseur_fw-fr paschal_n will_v persuade_v his_o reader_n that_o if_o into_o a_o glass_n vessel_n with_o lukewarm_a water_n in_o it_o you_o cast_v a_o fly_n and_o by_o a_o rammer_n forcible_o press_v that_o water_n you_o shall_v not_o be_v able_a to_o kill_v or_o hurt_v the_o fly_n which_o say_v he_o will_v live_v as_o well_o and_o walk_v up_o and_o down_o as_o lively_a in_o lukewarm_a water_n as_o in_o the_o air_n but_o upon_o trial_n with_o a_o strong_a fly_n the_o animal_n be_v as_o we_o expect_v present_o drown_v and_o so_o make_v moveless_a by_o the_o lukewarm_a water_n wherefore_o we_o substitute_v another_o experiment_n that_o we_o know_v will_v not_o only_o succeed_v as_o you_o will_v present_o see_v it_o will_v do_v but_o teach_v we_o how_o great_a a_o pressure_n the_o include_v animal_n must_v have_v be_v expose_v to_o we_o take_v then_o a_o somewhat_o slender_a cylindrical_a pipe_n of_o glass_n 24._o seal_v at_o one_o end_n and_o open_a at_o the_o other_o and_o to_o this_o we_o fit_v a_o rammer_n which_o by_o the_o help_n of_o some_o thong_n of_o soft_a leather_n that_o be_v careful_o wind_v about_o it_o do_v so_o exact_o fill_v the_o pipe_n that_o it_o can_v not_o easy_o be_v move_v to_o and_o fro_o and_o will_v suffer_v neither_o water_n nor_o air_n to_o get_v by_o betwixt_o it_o and_o the_o internal_a surface_n of_o the_o glass_n we_o also_o provide_v some_o small_a tadpole_n or_o gyrini_n about_o a_o inch_n long_a or_o less_o which_o sort_n of_o animal_n we_o make_v choice_n of_o before_o any_o other_o partly_o because_o they_o can_v by_o reason_n of_o their_o smallness_n swim_v free_o to_o &_o fro_o in_o so_o little_a water_n as_o our_o pipe_n contain_v &_o partly_o because_o those_o creature_n be_v as_o yet_o but_o in_o their_o infancy_n be_v more_o tender_a and_o consequent_o far_o more_o expose_v to_o be_v injure_v by_o compression_n than_o other_o animal_n of_o the_o same_o bulk_n but_o come_v to_o their_o full_a age_n and_o growth_n will_v be_v as_o indeed_o such_o young_a tadpole_n be_v so_o soft_a and_o tender_a that_o they_o seem_v in_o comparison_n to_o the_o big_a sort_n of_o fly_n to_o be_v but_o organise_v jelly_n one_o of_o these_o tadpole_n be_v put_v into_o the_o water_n and_o some_o inch_n of_o air_n be_v leave_v in_o the_o pipe_n for_o the_o use_n anon_o to_o be_v mention_v the_o water_n and_o air_n and_o consequent_o the_o tadpole_n be_v by_o the_o intrusion_n of_o the_o plug_n or_o rammer_n with_o as_o great_a a_o force_n as_o a_o man_n be_v able_a to_o employ_v violent_o compress_v and_o yet_o though_o the_o tadpole_n seem_v to_o be_v compress_v into_o a_o little_a less_o bulk_n than_o it_o be_v of_o before_o it_o swim_v free_o up_o and_o down_o the_o water_n without_o forbear_v sometime_o to_o ascend_v to_o the_o very_a top_n though_o the_o instrument_n be_v hold_v perpendicular_a to_o the_o horizon_n nor_o do_v it_o clear_o appear_v to_o we_o that_o the_o little_a animal_n be_v injure_v by_o this_o compression_n and_o most_o manifest_a it_o be_v he_o be_v not_o crush_v to_o death_n or_o sensible_o hurt_v by_o it_o and_o have_v repeat_v this_o experiment_n several_a time_n &_o with_o tadpole_n of_o differ_v age_n we_o may_v i_o presume_v safe_o conclude_v that_o the_o texture_n of_o animal_n be_v so_o strong_a that_o though_o water_n be_v allow_v to_o weigh_v upon_o water_n yet_o a_o diver_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v oppress_v by_o it_o since_o whether_o or_o no_o water_n weigh_v in_o water_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o in_o our_o experiment_n the_o water_n and_o consequent_o the_o tadpole_n be_v very_o forcible_o by_o a_o external_n agent_n compress_v betwixt_o the_o violent_o condense_v air_n and_o the_o rammer_n and_o by_o the_o notice_n we_o take_v of_o the_o quantity_n of_o air_n before_o the_o compression_n begin_v and_o that_o to_o which_o it_o be_v reduce_v by_o compression_n the_o moderate_v estimate_n we_o can_v make_v be_v that_o it_o be_v reduce_v into_o a_o eight_o or_o ten_o part_n of_o its_o former_a space_n and_o so_o according_a to_o what_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o prove_v the_o pressure_n that_o be_v upon_o the_o air_n and_o consequent_o upon_o the_o water_n and_o the_o include_v tadpole_n be_v as_o great_a as_o that_o of_o a_o cylinder_n of_o water_n of_o above_o 200_o if_o not_o 300_o foot_n high_a and_o yet_o all_o this_o weight_n be_v unable_a to_o oppress_v or_o so_o much_o as_o manifest_o to_o hurt_v the_o tender_a tadpole_n which_o a_o very_a small_a weight_n will_v suffice_v to_o have_v crush_v if_o it_o press_v only_o upon_o one_o part_n of_o it_o and_o not_o upon_o the_o other_o we_o may_v thence_o learn_v the_o truth_n of_o what_o we_o have_v be_v endeavour_v to_o evince_v that_o though_o water_n be_v allow_v to_o press_v against_o water_n and_o all_o immersed_a body_n yet_o a_o diver_n may_v very_o well_o remain_v unoppress_v at_o a_o great_a depth_n under_o water_n as_o long_o as_o the_o pressure_n of_o it_o be_v uniform_a against_o all_o the_o part_n expose_v thereunto_o finis_fw-la finis_fw-la about_o this_o passage_n see_v the_o publisher_n to_o the_o reader_n reader_n chief_o in_o several_a place_n of_o the_o unpublished_a part_n of_o the_o treatise_n of_o the_o osefulness_n of_o experimental_a philosophy_n philosophy_n a_o account_n of_o this_o passage_n also_o may_v be_v have_v from_o the_o publisher_n advertisement_n to_o the_o reader_n reader_n that_o excellent_a mathematician_n the_o learned_a dr_n wallis_n savilian_n professor_n of_o geometry_n this_o experiment_n and_o the_o explication_n of_o it_o if_o to_o some_o they_o shall_v here_o seem_v somewhat_o obscure_a will_v be_v easy_o understand_v by_o the_o figure_n and_o explication_n belong_v to_o the_o first_o ensue_a paradox_n see_v the_o second_o figure_n in_o certain_a note_n upon_o some_o of_o the_o physics-mechanical_a experiment_n touch_v the_o air_n fig._n 3._o fig._n 1._o 2._o fig._n 4._o fig._n 5._o see_v paradox_n the_o six_o fig._n 6._o fig._n 8._o figur_n 9_o fig._n 10._o fig._n 11._o see_v fig._n 12._o fig._n 13._o fig._n 14._o see_v the_o proof_n of_o the_o 11._o paradox_n fig._n 15._o fig._n 16._o fig._n 17._o fig._n 18._o in_o the_o physicomechanical_a experiment_n fig._n 19_o 19_o the_o word_n about_o be_v add_v because_o indeed_o the_o author_n as_o he_o elsewhere_o deliver_v do_v by_o exact_a scale_n find_v brass_n to_o weigh_v between_o eight_o or_o nine_o time_n as_o much_o as_o water_n but_o judge_v it_o needless_a to_o his_o present_a argument_n and_o inconvenient_a to_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o fraction_n fig._n 20._o in_o the_o history_n of_o fluidity_n &_o firmness_n second_o tom_n lettre_fw-fr 32._o fig._n 22._o stevinus_n hydrostat_fw-la lib._n 5._o pag._n 149._o sed_fw-la exemple_n clarius_fw-la ita_fw-la intelliges_fw-la este_fw-la abcd_n aqua_fw-la cujus_fw-la fundum_fw-la d_o c_o in_fw-la quo_fw-la foramen_fw-la e_o habeat_fw-la epistimeus_n sibi_fw-la iesertum_fw-la cui_fw-la dorso_n incumbat_fw-la homo_fw-la f_o quae_fw-la cum_fw-la ita_fw-la fiat_fw-la ab_fw-la aqua_fw-la pondere_fw-la ipsi_fw-la insidente_fw-la nulla_fw-la pars_fw-la corporis_fw-la luxari_fw-la poterit_fw-la cum_fw-la aqua_fw-la ut_fw-la dictus_fw-la est_fw-la undiquaque_fw-la aqualiter_fw-la urgeat_fw-la fig._n 23._o si_fw-mi vero_fw-la ejus_fw-la veritatem_fw-la explorare_fw-la libeat_fw-la eximito_fw-la epistemiun_n tumque_fw-la tergum_fw-la nulla_fw-la re_fw-la fultum_fw-la sustinebitur_fw-la ut_fw-la in_o locis_fw-la cateris_fw-la ideoque_fw-la istic_fw-la tanto_fw-la pressu_fw-la afficietur_fw-la quantus_fw-la tertio_fw-la exemple_n secunda_fw-la propositionis_fw-la huius_fw-la demonstratus_fw-la est_fw-la vidquantam_fw-la efficit_fw-la columna_fw-la aquea_fw-la cujus_fw-la basis_n sit_fw-la foramica_fw-la e_z altitudo_fw-la autem_fw-la eadem_fw-la quae_fw-la aqua_fw-la ipsi_fw-la insidentis_fw-la quo_fw-la exemplo_fw-la propositi_fw-la veritas_fw-la manifest_a declaratur_fw-la fig._n 24._o
the_o pressure_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la atmosphaere_n this_o bubble_n be_v like_o a_o pear_n with_o its_o stem_n furnish_v with_o a_o very_a slender_a pipe_n of_o glass_n at_o which_o it_o be_v blow_v that_o it_o may_v be_v ready_o seal_v up_o and_o then_o the_o air_n within_o it_o be_v by_o the_o flame_n of_o the_o lamp_n gradual_o rarify_v as_o much_o as_o convenient_o can_v be_v whilst_o the_o body_n of_o the_o bubble_n be_v exceed_v hot_a the_o new_o mention_v stem_n be_v nimble_o put_v into_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o flame_n where_o by_o reason_n of_o its_o slenderness_n the_o glass_n which_o be_v exceed_v thin_a be_v immediate_o melt_v whereby_o the_o bubble_n be_v hermetical_o seal_v up_o this_o glass_n be_v permit_v leisurely_o to_o cool_v i_o can_v afterward_o keep_v it_o by_o i_o a_o hour_n or_o a_o day_n or_o a_o week_n or_o long_o if_o i_o think_v fit_a and_o when_o i_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o show_v the_o experiment_n i_o put_v it_o in_o one_o of_o the_o scale_n of_o a_o exact_a balance_n that_o will_v turn_v perhaps_o with_o the_o 30_o or_o 50th_o or_o a_o less_o part_n of_o a_o grain_n and_o have_v careful_o counterpoise_v it_o i_o then_o wary_o break_v off_o the_o seal_a end_n place_v a_o sheet_n of_o paper_n just_a under_o the_o scale_n to_o receive_v the_o fragment_n of_o the_o glass_n and_o put_v in_o again_o those_o fragment_n that_o scale_n wherein_o the_o glass_n be_v will_v considerable_o preponderate_v which_o it_o must_v do_v upon_o the_o account_n of_o the_o weight_n of_o air_n there_o be_v no_o other_o cause_n either_o needful_a or_o just_o assignable_a but_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n that_o rush_v into_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o glass_n as_o find_v less_o resistance_n there_o then_o elsewhere_o by_o reason_n that_o the_o include_v aire_n have_v its_o spring_n much_o weaken_v by_o its_o great_a expansion_n this_o experiment_n i_o many_o time_n try_v sometime_o before_o some_o virtuoso_n and_o sometime_o before_o other_o who_o all_o 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ingenious_a author_n have_v ever_o make_v or_o see_v the_o experiment_n be_v not_o only_o that_o it_o have_v be_v unsuccessful_o try_v and_o seem_v to_o i_o unlikely_a to_o succeed_v in_o tube_n more_o slender_a than_o his_o appear_v but_o because_o the_o impetus_fw-la which_o fall_v quick_a silver_n gain_v by_o the_o acceleration_n of_o motion_n it_o acquire_v in_o its_o descent_n must_v in_o all_o probability_n be_v great_a enough_o to_o make_v it_o all_o run_v out_o at_o the_o bottom_n of_o a_o tube_n open_a at_o both_o end_n and_o fill_v with_o so_o ponderous_a a_o liquor_n though_o the_o tube_n be_v very_o much_o short_a than_o that_o propose_v by_o monsieur_n paschall_n this_o advertisement_n i_o premise_v to_o intimate_v that_o notwithstanding_o the_o hopelessness_n of_o the_o experiment_n as_o it_o have_v be_v propose_v and_o try_v i_o may_v have_v reason_n not_o to_o think_v it_o impossible_a to_o perform_v by_o another_o way_n the_o main_a thing_n desire_v which_o be_v to_o 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towards_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o oil_n the_o mercury_n will_v drop_v out_o for_o want_n of_o its_o wont_a counterpoise_n so_o if_o i_o thrust_v the_o pipe_n deep_o into_o the_o oil_n the_o increase_v pressure_n of_o the_o oil_n will_v proportionable_o impel_v up_o the_o mercury_n towards_o the_o high_a part_n of_o the_o pipe_n which_o be_v again_o a_o little_a and_o but_o a_o little_a raise_v the_o quicksilver_n will_v fall_v down_o a_o little_a near_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o pipe_n and_o so_o with_o a_o not_o unpleasant_a spectacle_n the_o ponderous_a body_n of_o quick_a silver_n be_v make_v sometime_o to_o rise_v and_o sometime_o to_o fall_v but_o still_o to_o float_v up_o on_o the_o surface_n of_o a_o liquor_n light_a there_o common_a spirit_n of_o wine_n itself_o but_o beside_o that_o the_o experiment_n if_o the_o maker_n of_o it_o be_v not_o very_o careful_a may_v easy_o enough_o miscarry_v the_o divertisement_n it_o give_v seldom_o prove_v last_v the_o oil_n of_o 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height_n will_v not_o as_o experience_n show_v it_o be_v be_v the_o same_o in_o all_o cylindrical_a pipe_n though_o of_o very_o differ_v bâ—â—es_n for_o suppose_v the_o height_n of_o the_o mercurial_a cylinder_n in_o a_o tube_n of_o half_a a_o inch_n diameter_n to_o be_v 29_o inch_n it_o be_v plain_a that_o a_o mercurial_a cylinder_n of_o the_o same_o height_n and_o three_o inch_n in_o diameter_n must_v weigh_v divers_a time_n as_o much_o as_o the_o former_a and_o therefore_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o external_n air_n be_v but_o one_o and_o the_o same_o if_o it_o be_v a_o just_a counterpoise_n to_o the_o great_a cylinder_n it_o can_v be_v so_o to_o the_o less_o and_o if_o it_o be_v able_a to_o keep_v the_o one_o suspend_v at_o 29_o inch_n it_o must_v be_v able_a to_o keep_v the_o other_o suspend_v at_o a_o far_o great_a height_n which_o yet_o be_v contrary_a to_o experience_n and_o indeed_o this_o objection_n be_v so_o specious_a that_o though_o i_o elsewhere_o have_v already_o 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be_v to_o receive_v it_o that_o so_o the_o several_a pipe_n may_v be_v embrace_v by_o these_o several_a hole_n and_o as_o near_o as_o you_o can_v make_v they_o parallel_v to_o one_o another_o and_o perpendicular_a to_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n into_o which_o they_o be_v to_o be_v immerse_v but_o we_o must_v not_o forget_v that_o beside_o these_o hole_n there_o be_v a_o aperture_n to_o be_v make_v in_o the_o same_o cork_n it_o matter_n not_o much_o of_o what_o figure_n or_o whereabouts_o to_o receive_v the_o slender_a end_n of_o a_o glass_n funnel_n by_o which_o oil_n may_v be_v convey_v into_o the_o vessel_n when_o it_o be_v stop_v with_o the_o cork_n and_o in_o the_o slender_a part_n of_o this_o funnel_n we_o use_v to_o put_v some_o cotton-week_n to_o break_v the_o violence_n of_o the_o oil_n that_o be_v to_o be_v pour_v in_o which_o may_v else_o disorder_v the_o experiment_n all_o this_o be_v thus_o provide_v and_o the_o cork_n furnish_v with_o its_o pipe_n be_v fit_v to_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o vessel_n if_o at_o the_o funnel_n you_o pour_v in_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n and_o place_v the_o glass_n betwixt_o your_o eye_n and_o the_o light_n you_o may_v through_o that_o transparent_a liquor_n perceive_v the_o tinct_a water_n to_o be_v impel_v up_o into_o all_o the_o pipe_n and_o to_o rise_v uniform_o in_o they_o and_o when_o this_o tinct_a liquor_n have_v attain_v to_o the_o height_n of_o two_o or_o three_o or_o more_o inch_n above_o the_o lowermost_a surface_n of_o the_o external_n oil_n if_o you_o remove_v the_o funnel_n which_o yet_o you_o need_v not_o do_v unless_o there_o be_v yet_o oil_n in_o it_o you_o may_v plain_o perceive_v the_o water_n to_o reach_v as_o high_a in_o one_o of_o the_o small_a pipe_n as_o in_o another_o three_o or_o four_o time_n as_o great_a and_o yet_o the_o water_n in_o the_o several_a pipe_n as_o it_o be_v evident_a be_v sustain_v at_o that_o height_n above_o the_o level_n of_o the_o other_o water_n by_o the_o pressure_n or_o counterprize_n of_o the_o external_a oil_n which_o than_o if_o one_o being_n light_a in_o specie_fw-la then_o water_n will_v have_v its_o surface_n somewhat_o high_a without_o the_o pipe_n then_o that_o of_o the_o tinct_a water_n within_o they_o and_o if_o by_o the_o aperture_n that_o receive_v the_o funnel_n you_o immerse_v almost_o to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o oil_n the_o short_a leg_n of_o a_o slender_a glass_n syphon_n at_o who_o long_a leg_n you_o procure_v by_o suction_n the_o oil_n to_o run_v out_o you_o shall_v perceive_v that_o according_a as_o the_o depth_n and_o pressure_n of_o the_o external_n three_o decrease_v so_o the_o water_n in_o the_o pipe_n will_v subside_o and_o that_o uniform_o as_o well_o in_o the_o lesser_a as_o in_o the_o great_a pipe_n the_o reason_n of_o this_o be_v not_o difficult_a to_o be_v render_v by_o the_o doctrine_n already_o deliver_v for_o suppose_v e_o f_o to_o be_v the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n both_z within_z and_o without_o the_o pipe_n before_o any_o oil_n be_v pour_v on_o it_o if_o we_o then_o suppose_v the_o oil_n to_o be_v pour_v in_o through_o the_o funnel_n its_o lightness_n in_o respect_n of_o water_n wherewith_o it_o will_v not_o mingle_v will_v keep_v it_o from_o get_v into_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o pipe_n l_o m_o n_o and_o therefore_o spread_v itself_o on_o the_o outside_n of_o they_o above_o it_o must_v necessary_o by_o its_o gravity_n press_v down_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o external_a water_n and_o impel_v up_o that_o liquor_n into_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o pipe_n and_o if_o we_o suppose_v the_o pour_v on_o of_o the_o oil_n to_o be_v continue_v till_o the_o uppermost_a surface_n of_o the_o oil_n be_v raise_v to_o g_o h_n and_o that_o of_o the_o external_a water_n depress_v to_o i_o k_o or_o thereabouts_o a_o imaginary_a plain_n pass_v along_o the_o low_a orifice_n of_o the_o pipe_n i_o say_v the_o tinct_a water_n in_o the_o pipe_n ought_v to_o have_v their_o uppermost_a 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will_v charge_v the_o subjacent_a plain_n i_o k_o no_o more_o than_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o oil_n on_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o same_o imaginary_a surface_n be_v able_a to_o resist_v and_o yet_o this_o pressure_n of_o the_o external_n oil_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v able_a to_o raise_v the_o water_n in_o the_o slender_a pipe_n n_o high_a than_o the_o surface_n q_n in_o the_o same_o level_n with_o the_o surface_n o._n for_o if_o the_o water_n be_v high_a in_o the_o small_a pipe_n be_v a_o heavy_a liquor_n than_o oil_n it_o must_v press_v upon_o that_o part_n of_o the_o surface_n i_o k_n it_o lean_v on_o with_o great_a force_n than_o the_o external_a oil_n upon_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o same_o plain_a i_o k_o and_o therefore_o with_o great_a force_n than_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o external_n oil_n can_v resist_v and_o consequent_o the_o water_n in_o the_o slender_a pipe_n must_v subside_o till_o its_o surface_n be_v inferior_a to_o that_o of_o the_o external_n oil_n 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say_v when_o this_o be_v do_v you_o incline_v the_o pipe_n towards_o the_o side_n of_o the_o glass_n you_o may_v indeed_o observe_v the_o surface_n of_o the_o oil_n in_o the_o pipe_n to_o be_v as_o before_z a_o little_a high_o than_o that_o of_o the_o water_n without_o it_o but_o you_o shall_v likewise_o see_v that_o though_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o pipe_n be_v not_o thrust_v deep_o into_o the_o water_n yet_o therewill_n be_v a_o pretty_a deal_n of_o water_n get_v up_o into_o the_o pipe_n because_o the_o oil_n not_o lean_v now_o upon_o the_o water_n only_o as_o it_o do_v before_o but_o partly_o upon_o the_o water_n and_o partly_o upon_o the_o pipe_n its_o pressure_n upon_o the_o subjacent_a water_n be_v considerable_o lessen_v and_o there_o by_o the_o external_a water_n who_o pressure_n be_v not_o diminish_v too_o be_v able_a to_o impel_v up_o the_o oil_n and_o intrude_v for_o a_o little_a way_n into_o the_o pipe_n but_o if_o you_o re-erect_v the_o pipe_n the_o pressure_n of_o the_o oil_n be_v then_o again_o exert_v upon_o the_o subjacent_a water_n it_o will_v be_v able_a to_o depress_v and_o drive_v it_o again_o out_o of_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o pipe_n and_o to_o this_o agree_v very_o well_o what_o we_o further_o try_v as_o follow_v we_o cause_v 3_o pipe_n to_o be_v blow_v shape_v as_o the_o adjoin_a figure_n 11._o one_o have_v in_o it_o divers_a acute_a angle_n the_o other_o be_v of_o a_o wind_a form_n like_o a_o screw_n or_o worm_n of_o the_o limbeck_n and_o the_o three_o very_o irregular_o crooked_a and_o yet_o each_o of_o these_o pipe_n have_v all_o its_o crooked_a part_n and_o some_o of_o its_o straight_a &_o erect_a part_n fill_v with_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n be_v thrust_v to_o a_o convenient_a depth_n under_o water_n and_o unstopped_a there_o after_o the_o manner_n already_o often_o declare_v we_o find_v that_o according_a to_o our_o paradox_n the_o surface_n of_o the_o oil_n in_o the_o pipe_n be_v high_a than_o that_o of_o the_o water_n without_o it_o as_o much_o as_o it_o will_v have_v be_v in_o case_n the_o pipe_n have_v be_v straight_o as_o we_o try_v by_o place_v by_o the_o crookede_a of_o they_o a_o straight_a pipe_n with_o oil_n in_o it_o though_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o oil_n in_o one_o of_o these_o pipe_n be_v perhaps_o three_o time_n as_o much_o as_o will_v have_v suffice_v if_o the_o pipe_n have_v be_v straight_o so_o that_o this_o surplusage_n of_o oil_n do_v not_o press_v upon_o the_o subjacent_a water_n for_o if_o it_o have_v do_v so_o the_o oil_n will_v have_v run_v out_o of_o the_o pipe_n and_o i_o remember_v that_o lift_v up_o as_o much_o of_o one_o of_o these_o crooked_a pipe_n as_o i_o think_v fit_a somewhat_o above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n when_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o oil_n in_o the_o pipe_n be_v not_o above_o half_a a_o inch_n high_o than_o that_o of_o the_o water_n without_o it_o i_o estimate_v that_o the_o crooked_a pillar_n of_o oil_n contain_v in_o that_o part_n of_o the_o pipe_n 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the_o circular_a basis_n of_o it_o will_v sustain_v a_o pressure_n equal_a to_o that_o of_o the_o breadth_n of_o the_o basis_n and_o height_n of_o the_o pipe_n i_o choose_v thus_o to_o express_v this_o theorem_fw-la which_o may_v be_v according_a to_o stevinus_n propose_v in_o more_o general_a term_n because_o this_o way_n of_o express_v it_o will_v best_o suit_v with_o the_o subsequent_a experiment_n and_o may_v consequent_o facilitate_v the_o understanding_n of_o the_o paradox_n but_o though_o the_o learned_a stevinus_n aim_n be_v to_o be_v commend_v who_o find_v this_o proposition_n doubt_v seem_v to_o have_v have_v a_o great_a mind_n to_o give_v a_o experimental_a demonstration_n of_o it_o and_o therefore_o propose_v no_o less_o than_o five_o pragmatical_a example_n as_o he_o call_v they_o to_o make_v out_o the_o truth_n of_o what_o he_o assert_n yet_o in_o this_o he_o have_v be_v somewhat_o unhappy_a that_o that_o experiment_n which_o alone_o for_o aught_o i_o can_v find_v have_v be_v try_v of_o all_o the_o five_o be_v reject_v as_o incompetent_a by_o those_o that_o profess_v to_o have_v purposely_o make_v trial_n of_o it_o and_o indeed_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o difficulty_n of_o bring_v they_o to_o a_o practical_a examen_fw-la i_o have_v somewhat_o doubt_v whether_o or_o no_o this_o useful_a writer_n do_v ever_o make_v all_o those_o trial_n himself_o rather_o then_o set_v down_o the_o event_n he_o suppose_v they_o must_v needs_o have_v as_o presume_v his_o conjecture_n right_o deduce_v from_o a_o demonstrative_a truth_n wherefore_o though_o another_o of_o the_o experiment_n he_o propose_v be_v not_o free_a from_o difficulty_n yet_o have_v by_o the_o help_n of_o a_o expedient_a make_v it_o practicable_a we_o be_v induce_v by_o its_o plainness_n and_o clearness_n to_o prefer_v it_o to_o what_o else_o he_o propose_v to_o the_o same_o purpose_n we_o provide_v then_o a_o vessel_n of_o laton_n of_o the_o figure_n express_v in_o the_o scheme_n 12._o and_o furnish_v it_o with_o a_o loose_a bottom_n c_o d_o make_v of_o a_o flat_a piece_n of_o wood_n cover_v with_o a_o soft_a bladder_n and_o grease_v on_o the_o low_a side_n near_o the_o edge_n that_o lean_v on_o the_o rim_n of_o wood_n g_o h_n contiguous_a every_o where_o to_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o laton_n it_o may_v be_v easy_o lift_v from_o off_o this_o rim_z and_o yet_o lie_v so_o close_o upon_o it_o that_o the_o water_n shall_v not_o be_v able_a to_o get_v out_o between_o they_o and_o to_o the_o midst_n of_o this_o loose_a bottom_n be_v fasten_v a_o long_a string_n of_o a_o good_a strength_n for_o the_o use_n hereafter_o to_o be_v declare_v the_o instrument_n thus_o fit_v the_o water_n be_v pour_v in_o apace_o at_o the_o top_n a_o b_o which_o by_o its_o weight_n press_v the_o false_a bottom_n c_o d_o against_o the_o subjacent_a rim_z g_z h_z contribute_v to_o make_v the_o vessel_n the_o more_o tight_a and_o to_o hinder_v its_o own_o pass_v the_o vessel_n be_v fill_v with_o water_n we_o 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be_v keep_v from_o emerge_v to_o the_o top_n of_o it_o be_v this_o that_o since_o the_o surface_n of_o a_o vessel_n full_a of_o stand_a water_n be_v physical_o speak_v horizontal_a the_o water_n that_o press_v against_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o immersed_a body_n must_v needs_o be_v deep_a than_o that_o which_o press_v against_o the_o upper_a if_o i_o can_v so_o order_v the_o matter_n that_o the_o water_n that_o lean_v upon_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o body_n shall_v be_v be_v high_a than_o the_o level_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o water_n have_v a_o height_n great_a enough_o to_o balance_v that_o which_o press_v against_o the_o low_a and_o the_o body_n not_o shift_v place_n by_o pass_v one_o by_o the_o other_o the_o oil_n may_v be_v keep_v suspend_v betwixt_o two_o parcel_n of_o water_n to_o reduce_v this_o to_o practice_v i_o take_v the_o follow_a course_n have_v suck_v into_o a_o slender_a pipe_n such_o as_o that_o employ_v about_o the_o first_o experiment_n about_o a_o inch_n of_o water_n and_o keep_v it_o suspend_v there_o by_o stop_v the_o orifice_n of_o the_o pipe_n i_o thrust_v the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o pipe_n about_o two_o inch_n beneath_o the_o surface_n of_o some_o oil_n of_o turpentitie_n which_o to_o make_v the_o effect_n the_o clear_a i_o sometime_o thing_fw-mi deep_o with_o copper_n then_o remove_v my_o finger_n the_o oil_n be_v press_v against_o the_o immersed_a orifice_n with_o a_o great_a force_n than_o the_o weight_n of_o so_o little_o suspend_v water_n can_v resist_v that_o oil_n be_v impel_v into_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o pipe_n to_o the_o height_n of_o near_a a_o inch_n and_o then_o again_o i_o stop_v the_o upper_a orifice_n of_o the_o pipe_n with_o my_o finger_n and_o thereby_o keep_v both_o the_o liquor_n suspend_v in_o it_o i_o thrust_v the_o pipe_n into_o a_o glass_n full_a of_o water_n three_o or_o four_o inch_n beneath_o the_o surface_n of_o it_o and_o then_o for_o the_o reason_n just_a now_o give_v the_o water_n upon_o the_o removal_n of_o my_o finger_n will_v press_v in_o at_o the_o low_a orifice_n of_o the_o pipe_n and_o impel_v up_o the_o oil_n 17._o till_o they_o come_v to_o such_o a_o station_n as_o that_o express_v in_o the_o annex_v scheme_n where_o p_o qui_fw-fr be_v the_o water_n new_o impel_v up_o into_o the_o pipe_n q_o r_o be_v the_o oil_n and_o r_o s_o the_o water_n that_o be_v at_o first_o suck_v into_o the_o pipe_n for_o in_o this_o station_n these_o three_o liquor_n do_v altogether_o as_o much_o gravitate_fw-la upon_o the_o part_n p_o as_o the_o incumbent_a water_n alone_o do_v upon_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o imaginary_a superficies_n g_o h_n and_o yet_o the_o oil_n r_o q_o do_v not_o ascend_v because_o the_o diffluence_n of_o the_o water_n r_z s_o be_v hinder_v by_o the_o side_n of_o the_o pipe_n its_o superficies_n t_o s_o be_v high_a than_o a_o d_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o water_n by_o which_o mean_v the_o incumbent_a water_n may_v be_v bring_v to_o have_v upon_o the_o upper_a part_n r_o of_o the_o oleous_a cylinder_n as_o great_a a_o pressure_n as_o that_o of_o the_o water_n that_o endeavour_n to_o impel_v upward_o the_o low_a part_n q_n of_o the_o same_o suspend_v cylinder_n of_o oil_n paradox_n x._o that_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o ascension_n of_o water_n in_o syphon_n and_o of_o its_o flow_n through_o they_o may_v be_v explicate_v without_o have_v a_o recourse_n to_o nature_n abhorrency_n of_o a_o vacuum_n both_o philosopher_n and_o mathematician_n have_v too_o general_o confess_v themselves_o reduce_v to_o fly_v to_o a_o fuga_fw-la vacui_fw-la for_o a_o account_n of_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o run_n of_o water_n and_o other_o liquor_n through_o syphon_n and_o even_o those_o modern_n that_o admit_v a_o vacuum_n have_v as_o far_o as_o i_o have_v meet_v with_o either_o left_a the_o phaenomenon_n unexplicate_v or_o endeavour_v to_o explain_v it_o by_o disputable_a notion_n i_o think_v the_o curious_a much_o oblige_v to_o monsieur_n paschal_n for_o have_v ingenious_o endeavour_v to_o show_v that_o this_o difficult_a problem_n need_v not_o reduce_v we_o to_o have_v recourse_n to_o a_o fuga_fw-la vacut_fw-la and_o indeed_o his_o explication_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o water_n in_o syphon_n seem_v to_o i_o so_o consonant_a to_o hydrostatical_a principle_n that_o i_o think_v it_o not_o necessary_a to_o alter_v any_o thing_n in_o it_o but_o as_o for_o the_o experiment_n he_o propound_v to_o justify_v his_o ratiocination_n i_o fear_v his_o reader_n will_v scarce_o be_v much_o invite_v to_o attempt_v it_o for_o beside_o that_o it_o require_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o quicksilver_n and_o a_o new_a kind_n of_o syphon_n 15_o or_o 20_o foot_n long_o the_o vessel_n of_o quicksilver_n must_v be_v place_v 6_o or_o 7_o yard_n under_o water_n that_o be_v at_o so_o great_a a_o depth_n that_o i_o doubt_v whether_o man_n that_o be_v not_o divers_a will_v be_v able_a convenient_o to_o observe_v the_o progress_n of_o the_o trial_n wherefore_o we_o will_v substitute_v a_o way_n which_o may_v be_v try_v in_o a_o glass_n tube_n not_o two_o foot_n deep_a by_o the_o help_n of_o another_o peculiarly_a contrive_a glass_n to_o be_v prepare_v by_o a_o skilful_a hand_n provide_v then_o a_o glass_n tube_n a_o b_o c_o d_o of_o a_o good_a wideness_n and_o half_a a_o yard_n or_o more_o in_o depth_n provide_v also_o a_o syphon_n of_o two_o leg_n f_o k_o and_o k_o g_o whereunto_o be_v join_v at_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o syphon_n a_o pipe_n e_o k_n in_o such_o manner_n as_o that_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o pipe_n communicate_v with_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o syphon_n 18._o so_o that_o if_o you_o shall_v pour_v in_o water_n at_o e_o it_o will_v run_v out_o at_o f_o and_o g._n to_o each_o of_o the_o two_o leg_n of_o this_o new_a syphon_n must_v be_v tie_v with_o a_o string_n a_o pipe_n of_o glass_n i_o and_o h_n seal_v at_o one_o end_n and_o open_a at_o the_o other_o at_o which_o it_o admit_v a_o good_a part_n of_o the_o leg_n of_o the_o syphon_n to_o which_o it_o be_v fasten_v and_o which_o leg_n must_v reach_v a_o pretty_a way_n beneath_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n wherewith_o the_o say_a pipe_n be_v to_o be_v almost_o fill_v but_o as_o one_o of_o these_o leg_n be_v long_o than_o the_o other_o so_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o suspend_v pipe_n i_o that_o be_v fasten_v to_o the_o short_a leg_n k_o f_o must_v be_v high_a that_o be_v near_o to_o k_o or_o a_o b_o than_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o pipe_n h_n suspend_v from_o the_o long_a leg_n kg_v that_o according_a to_o what_o be_v usual_a in_o syphon_n the_o water_n may_v run_v from_o a_o high_a vessel_n to_o a_o low_a all_o thing_n be_v thus_o provide_v and_o the_o pipe_n e_o k_n be_v hold_v or_o otherwise_o make_v fast_o that_o it_o may_v not_o be_v move_v you_o must_v gentle_o pour_v oil_n of_o turpentine_n into_o the_o tube_n a_o b_o c_o d_o which_o if_o you_o have_v not_o much_o oil_n you_o may_v before_o hand_n fill_v with_o water_n till_o the_o liquor_n reach_n near_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o suspend_v pipe_n as_o to_o the_o superficies_n x_o in_n till_o it_o reach_v high_a than_o the_o top_n of_o the_o syphon_n f_o k_n g_o who_o orifice_n e_z you_o may_v if_o you_o please_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n close_o with_o your_o finger_n or_o otherwise_o and_o afterward_o unstop_v and_o then_o the_o oil_n press_v upon_o the_o water_n will_v make_v it_o ascend_v into_o the_o leg_n of_o the_o syphon_n and_o pass_v through_o it_o out_o of_o the_o uppermost_a vessel_n i_o into_o the_o lowermost_a h_n and_o if_o the_o vessel_n i_o be_v supply_v with_o water_n the_o course_n of_o the_o water_n through_o the_o syphon_n will_v continue_v long_o than_o here_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o paucity_n of_o water_n it_o can_v do_v now_o in_o this_o experiment_n we_o manifest_o see_v the_o water_n make_v to_o take_v its_o course_n through_o the_o leg_n of_o a_o syphon_n from_o a_o high_a vessel_n into_o a_o low_a and_o yet_o the_o top_n of_o the_o syphon_n be_v perforate_v at_o k_o the_o air_n have_v free_a access_n to_o each_o of_o the_o leg_n of_o it_o through_o the_o hollow_a pipe_n e_o k_o which_o communicate_v with_o they_o both_o so_o that_o in_o our_o case_n where_o there_o be_v no_o danger_n of_o a_o vacuum_n though_o the_o water_n shall_v not_o run_v through_o the_o syphon_n the_o fear_n of_o a_o vacuum_n can_v with_o any_o show_n of_o reason_n be_v pretend_v to_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o its_o run_n wherefore_o we_o must_v seek_v out_o some_o other_o and_o it_o will_v not_o be_v very_o difficult_a
to_o find_v that_o it_o be_v partly_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o oil_n and_o partly_o the_o contrivance_n and_o situation_n of_o the_o vessel_n if_o we_o will_v but_o consider_v the_o matter_n somewhat_o more_o atentive_o for_o the_o oil_n that_o reach_v much_o high_a than_o k_o and_o consequent_o then_o the_o leg_n of_o the_o syphon_n press_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o external_n water_n in_o each_o of_o the_o suspend_v pipe_n i_o and_o h._n i_o say_v the_o external_n water_n because_o the_o oil_n float_v upon_o the_o water_n and_o the_o orifice_n of_o both_o the_o leg_n f_o and_o g_o being_z immerse_v under_o the_o water_n the_o oil_n have_v no_o access_n to_o the_o cavity_n of_o either_o of_o those_o leg_n wherefore_o since_o the_o oil_n gravitates_fw-la upon_o the_o water_n without_o the_o leg_n and_o not_o upon_o that_o within_o they_o and_o since_o its_o height_n above_o the_o water_n be_v great_a enough_o to_o press_v up_o the_o water_n into_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o leg_n of_o the_o syphon_n and_o impel_v it_o as_o high_a as_o k_o the_o water_n must_v by_o that_o pressure_n be_v make_v to_o ascend_v and_o this_o raise_n of_o the_o water_n happen_v at_o first_o in_o both_o leg_n for_o the_o cause_n be_v in_o both_o the_o same_o there_o will_v be_v a_o kind_n of_o conflict_n about_o k_o betwixt_o the_o two_o ascend_a portion_n of_o water_n and_o therefore_o we_o will_v now_o examine_v which_o must_v prevail_v and_o if_o we_o consider_v that_o the_o pressure_n sustain_v by_o the_o two_o parcel_n of_o water_n in_o the_o suspend_v pipe_n i_o and_o h_n depend_v upon_o the_o height_n of_o the_o oil_n that_o press_v upon_o they_o respective_o it_o may_v seem_v at_o the_o first_o view_n that_o the_o water_n shall_v be_v drive_v out_o of_o the_o low_a vessel_n into_o the_o high_a for_o if_o we_o suppose_v that_o part_n of_o the_o short_a leg_n that_o be_v unimmerse_v under_o water_n to_o be_v 6_o inch_n long_o &_o the_o unimmersed_a part_n of_o the_o long_a leg_n to_o be_v seven_o inch_n because_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o vessel_n i_o be_v a_o inch_n high_o then_o that_o of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o vessel_n h_n it_o will_v follow_v that_o there_o be_v a_o great_a pressure_n upon_o the_o water_n whereinto_o the_o long_a leg_n be_v dip_v by_o the_o weight_n of_o a_o inch_n of_o oil_n so_o that_o that_o liquor_n be_v a_o inch_n high_o upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o pipe_n h_n then_o upon_o that_o in_o the_o pipe_n i_o it_o seem_v that_o the_o water_n ought_v rather_o to_o be_v impel_v from_o h_n towards_o k_o then_o from_o i_o towards_o k._n but_o then_o we_o must_v consider_v that_o though_o the_o descent_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o leg_n g_o be_v more_o resist_v than_o that_o in_o the_o other_o leg_n by_o as_o much_o pressure_n as_o the_o weight_n of_o a_o inch_n of_o oil_n can_v amount_v to_o yet_o be_v long_o by_o a_o inch_n than_o the_o water_n in_o the_o leg_n f_o it_o tend_v downward_o more_o strong_o by_o the_o weight_n of_o a_o inch_n of_o water_n by_o which_o length_n it_o exceed_v the_o water_n in_o the_o opposite_a leg_n so_o that_o a_o inch_n of_o water_n be_v caeteris_fw-la paribus_fw-la heavy_a then_o a_o inch_n of_o oil_n the_o water_n in_o the_o long_a leg_n notwithstanding_o the_o great_a resistance_n of_o the_o external_a oil_n have_v a_o strong_a endeavour_n downward_o then_o have_v the_o water_n in_o the_o short_a leg_n though_o the_o descent_n of_o this_o be_v resist_v but_o by_o a_o depth_n of_o oil_n less_o by_o a_o inch._n so_o that_o all_o thing_n compute_v the_o motion_n must_v be_v make_v towards_o that_o way_n where_o the_o endeavour_n be_v most_o forcible_a and_o consequent_o the_o course_n of_o the_o water_n must_v be_v from_o the_o upper_a vessel_n and_o the_o short_a leg_n into_o the_o long_a leg_n and_o so_o into_o the_o low_a vessel_n the_o application_n of_o this_o to_o what_o happen_v in_o syphons_n be_v obvious_a enough_o for_o when_o once_o the_o water_n be_v bring_v to_o run_v through_o a_o syphon_n the_o air_n which_o be_v a_o fluid_a and_o have_v some_o gravity_n and_o have_v no_o access_n into_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o syphon_n must_v necessary_o gravitate_fw-la upon_o the_o water_n whereinto_o the_o leg_n of_o the_o syphon_n be_v dip_v and_o not_o upon_o that_o which_o be_v within_o the_o syphon_n and_o consequent_o though_o the_o incumbent_a air_n have_v somewhat_o a_o great_a height_n upon_o the_o water_n in_o the_o low_a vessel_n then_o upon_o that_o in_o the_o upper_a yet_o the_o gravitation_n it_o thereby_o exercise_n upon_o the_o former_a more_o than_o upon_o the_o latter_a be_v very_o inconsiderable_a the_o water_n in_o the_o long_a leg_n much_o preponderate_v by_o reason_n of_o its_o length_n the_o water_n in_o the_o short_a leg_n the_o efflux_n must_v be_v out_o of_o that_o leg_n and_o not_o out_o of_o the_o other_o and_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o external_n air_n be_v able_a to_o raise_v water_n as_o we_o find_v by_o suck_a pump_n to_o a_o far_o great_a height_n then_o that_o of_o the_o short_a leg_n of_o the_o syphon_n the_o efflux_n will_v continue_v for_o the_o same_o reason_n till_o the_o exhaustion_n of_o the_o water_n or_o some_o other_o circumstance_n alter_v the_o case_n but_o if_o the_o leg_n of_o the_o syphon_n shall_v exceed_v 34_o or_o 35_o foot_n of_o perpendicular_a altitude_n the_o water_n will_v not_o flow_v through_o it_o experiment_n the_o pressure_n of_o the_o external_a air_n be_v unable_a as_o have_v be_v elsewhere_o declare_v to_o raise_v water_n to_o such_o a_o height_n and_o if_o a_o hole_n be_v make_v at_o the_o top_n of_o a_o syphon_n that_o hole_n shall_v be_v unstop_v while_o the_o water_n be_v run_v the_o course_n of_o it_o will_v present_o cease_v for_o in_o that_o case_n the_o air_n will_v gravitate_fw-la upon_o the_o water_n as_o well_o within_o as_o without_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o syphon_n and_o so_o the_o water_n in_o each_o leg_n will_v by_o its_o own_o weight_n fall_v back_o into_o the_o vessel_n belong_v to_o it_o but_o because_o this_o last_o circumstance_n though_o clear_o deducible_a from_o hydrostatical_a principle_n and_o experiment_n have_v not_o that_o i_o know_v of_o be_v verify_v by_o particular_a trial_n i_o cause_v two_o syphon_n to_o be_v make_v the_o one_o of_o tin_n the_o other_o of_o glass_n each_o of_o which_o have_v at_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o flexure_n a_o small_a round_a hole_n or_o socket_n which_o i_o can_v stop_v and_o unstop_v at_o pleasure_n with_o the_o pulp_n of_o my_o finger_n so_o that_o when_o the_o water_n be_v run_v through_o the_o syphon_n in_o case_n i_o remove_v my_o finger_n the_o water_n will_v present_o fall_v partly_o into_o one_o of_o the_o subjacent_a vessel_n and_o partly_o into_o the_o other_o and_o if_o the_o leg_n of_o the_o syphon_n be_v so_o unequal_a in_o length_n that_o the_o water_n in_o the_o one_o have_v a_o far_o great_a height_n or_o depth_n then_o in_o the_o other_o there_o seem_v to_o be_v when_o the_o liquor_n begin_v to_o take_v its_o course_n through_o the_o syphon_n some_o light_a pressure_n from_o the_o external_a air_n upon_o the_o finger_n wherewith_o i_o stop_v the_o orifice_n of_o the_o socket_n make_v at_o the_o flexure_n and_o on_o this_o occasion_n i_o will_v add_v what_o i_o more_o than_o once_o try_v to_o show_v at_o how_o very_o minute_n a_o passage_n the_o pressure_n of_o the_o external_n air_n may_v be_v communicate_v to_o body_n fit_v to_o receive_v it_o for_o have_v for_o this_o purpose_n stop_v the_o orifice_n of_o one_o of_o the_o above_o mention_v syphon_n instead_o of_o do_v it_o with_o my_o finger_n with_o a_o piece_n of_o oil_a paper_n careful_o fasten_v with_o cement_n to_o the_o side_n of_o the_o socket_n i_o find_v as_o i_o expect_v that_o though_o hereby_o the_o syphon_n be_v so_o well_o close_v that_o the_o water_n run_v free_o through_o yet_o if_o i_o make_v a_o hole_n with_o the_o point_n of_o a_o needle_n the_o air_n will_v at_o so_o very_o little_a a_o orifice_n insinuate_v itself_o into_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o syphon_n and_o thereby_o gravitate_v as_o well_o within_o as_o without_o make_v the_o water_n in_o the_o leg_n to_o fall_v down_o into_o the_o vessel_n and_o though_o if_o i_o hold_v the_o point_n of_o the_o needle_n in_o the_o hole_n i_o make_v and_o then_o cause_v one_o to_o suck_v at_o the_o long_a leg_n this_o small_a stopple_n without_o any_o other_o help_n from_o my_o hand_n suffice_v to_o make_v the_o syphon_n fit_a for_o use_v yet_o if_o i_o remove_v the_o needle_n the_o air_n will_v not_o without_o some_o noise_n present_o get_v in_o at_o