Selected quad for the lemma: water_n

Word A Word B Word C Word D Occurrence Frequency Band MI MI Band Prominent
water_n body_n earth_n element_n 7,308 5 10.1853 5 true
View all documents for the selected quad

Text snippets containing the quad

ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A85533 The antiquity & excellency of globes what a globe is, and of the circles without the globe, what the horizon is ... moreover of the circles which are described on the superficies of the globes ... all which are proper to the celestiall and terrestiall globes, with their uses ... Grant, W. 1657 (1657) Wing G1524A; ESTC R42273 18,681 28

There are 2 snippets containing the selected quad. | View lemmatised text

THE ANTIQUITY EXCELLENCY Of GLOBES What a Globe is and of the Circles without the Globe what the Horizon is with the things described thereon also what the Meridian is the Poles Axes Houre-Circle and Index Moreover of the Circles which are described on the superficies of the Globes of the equinoctiall circle Zodiack and Eccliptick of the Tropicks what the Artick and Antartick Circles are of the Verticall Circles and quadrant of Latitude of the Zones and their numbers of Climates and Paralels All which are proper to the Celestiall and Terrestiall Globes with their uses profitable for all that would be instructed in Geography He stretcheth out the North over the empty place and hangeth the Earth upon nothing Job 26. 7. LONDON Printed by M. S. and are to be sold by Tho. Jenner at the South-Entrance of the Old-Exchange 1657. Geographie and the Principles thereof Certaine termes of Land and Water plainly defined and described THe Terrestiall Globe is defined to be a Sphericall body proportionably composed of Earth and Water into which two parts it is divided Whereof the Earth comes first to view whose parts are either Reall Imaginary and the reall parts either Continents Islands Now a Continent is a great quantity of Land not interlaced or seperated by the Sea in which many Kingdomes and Principalities are contained As Europe Asia Africa America An Island called in Latine Insula quasi in salo is a part of the earth environed round with waters as Britaine Java St. Laurence Isle Burmudas These againe are sub-divided into Peninsula Istmus Promontorium A Peninsula is almost an Island that is a tract of Land which being almost encompassed round by water is joyned to the firme Land by some little istmus as Poloponnesus Taurica Cymbrica and Parvana An Istmus is a little narrow neck of Land which joyneth any Peninsula to the continent as the straits of Dariene in Peru and Corinth in Greece Promontorium Is some high mountaine which shooteth it selfe into the Sea the utmost end of which is called a Cape as that great Cape of good hope and Cape Verde in Africa Cape Comori in Asia and that of Saint Michaels Mount in Cornwall the North Cape up in Norway and divers others There are likewise other reall parts of the earth as mountaines vallies fields plaines woods and the like The other generall part of the Globe is the water which is Divided into 1 Oceanus 2 Mare 3 Fretum 4 Sinus 1 Oceanus The Ocean is that generall collection of all waters which invironeth the whole world on every side 2 Mare The Sea is part of the Ocean to which we cannot come but through some strait as Mare Mediterraneum Mare Balticum and the like These two take their names Either from the adjacent places as the British Ocean the German Sea the Atlantick Sea Or from the first discoverer as Mare Magellanicum Davis and Forbishers straits c. Or from some remarkable accident as Mare Rubrum from the red colour of the sands Mare Aegeum Pontus Euxinus and the like 3 Fretum a Strait is a part of the Ocean restrained within narrow bounds and opening a way to the Sea as the straits of Gibralter Hellespont Anian 4 Sinus a Creek is a crooked shoar thrusting out as it were two armes to imbrace the lovely presence of the Sea as Sinus Adriaticus Sinus Persicus and Corinthiacus To this also belong Rivers Brooks and Fountains which are engendred of congealed aire in the earths concavities and seconded by the Sea waters creeping through hidden crannies thereof Thus much of the real parts of the Globe in generall Of the Circle of the Map and their uses THe Earth and Sea composed themselves in a Sphericall figure and is caused by the proper inclination of each part which being heavy falls from every poynt of the circumference and claps about the center there settles as near as it may towards his place of rest we may illustrate both the figure and scituation by a familiar similitude to an ingenious apprehension Suppose we a knot to be knit in the midst of a Cord that hath many ends and those to be delivered to sundry men of equall strength to be drawn severall wayes round from every part above and below and on each side Questionelesse while every man draws in the boes of the knots it must needs become round and whilst they continue to pluck with equall strength it must rest immoveable in the middle betwixt them since every strength that would destroy hath a strength equall to resist it so it is in the bosome of the earth where every part wheeles upon equall priviledge of nature nor can any presse farther then the center to destroy this compacted figure for it must meet there with a body that will oppose it or if not yet could it not passe since every motion from the middle were to ascend which nature will not permit in a body of weight as the whole earth is The compasse of the whole is cast by our latest and most learned to be 21600 English miles which though none ever yet so pared as to measure them by the foot yet let not the ignorant reject this accompt since the rule by which they are led cannot faile for we see by continuall experience that the Sun for every degree in the Heavens gaines sixty miles upon the earth towards his circuit round and after three hundred sixty degrees returneth to the same poynt in respect of us as before it was repeat the number of 60 so oft and you will finde the accompt just and so by proportion of the circumference to the diameter which is tripla sesqui-septima the same which 22 hath to 7. We may judge likewise of the earths thicknesse to the center The whole diameter must by rule be somewhat lesser then a third part of the circuit that in proportion to 21600 will be 6872. halfe the number will reach the middle of the world and that is 3436. in this report both of the quantity and forme of the earth we must not require such exactnesse as cannot vary a haires breadth for we see the mountaines of the earth and oftentimes the waves of the Sea make the superficies unequall it will be sufficient if there be no difference sensible to be reckoned in so great a bulk for let us rudely hew a ball out of rough stone still it is a ball though not so smooth as one of Christal or suffer a mote to fall upon a sphear of glass it changeth not its figure far lesse are the mountains which we see in respect of the whole lumpe What a Globe is A Globe we may define to be an Analogicall representation either of the Heavens or of the earth and we call it Anagolicall not only in regard of its forme expressing the figure of the Heavens as also of the terrestiall Globe consisting of the earth it selfe together with the interflowing Seas but rather because that it representeth unto us in a just
the Suns heat these Zones remaine almost unhabitable and even as the word is frozen The names of all these set in the right place of each Zone you shall see in that Meridian going about America and Magellanica Of the Climates IN that great Meridian going about Europe Asia and Africa are described the Climates Now a Climate is a space of the Earth included within the space of two Parellels The use of them is to shew the difference of length and shortnesse of dayes over all the world as you may see in the midst of every Climate set the number of the houres of the longest day in the yeare under that Climate the longest day in one Climate differing halfe an houre from the longest in another so that there are four and twenty Climates consisting of forty eight Parallels ere the day come to be twenty foure hours in length which is twelve houres longer then the ordinary Aequinoctiall day is Now this is to be understood Under the Aequinoctiall line and thirteen degrees that is three Parallels on either side thereof the dayes exceed not the length of twelve houres but after in every Clime increase the length of halfe an houre so that there are numbred as is said before 48 Parellels which make twenty four Climates before the dayes become twenty foure houres long the which length they being grown to their increase is then by whole weeks and months till in the four and twentieth Clime about the Pole the day is full halfe a year long And it is thus between the Aequator and the North Pole so it is between the said Aequator and South Pole wherefore there are 2 sorts of Climes that is 24 Northerne and as many Southerne The Climates Northward are thus named the first is Dia Meroes because the middle Parallel thereof passes through the middest of the Inland Isl●nd Meroe in the continent of Africa the second is Dia Sienes the third Dia Alexandria the fourth Dia Rhodos the fifth Dia Romes the sixth Dia Ponton the seventh Dia Boristhenes the eight Dia Ripheos the ninth Per Dianam The South Climes have the same names save only that the word Anti is thereunto added as Anti Dia Meroes the next Anti Dia Sienes and so along to the ninth Southward further then the ninth Clime on either side the Aequinoctiall they are not named but yet the Climes run on both wayes to the number of twenty four as is seen in the Meridian That there be but nine named the reason is because when these names were given no more then nine Climates were known to those of ancient times but since though the number of them be increased to twenty foure the rest are not knowne by proper names but remaine innominate In the two opposite points of this Meridian are fastned the two ends of an iron pin passing through the body of the Globe and its centre one of which ends is called the Artick or North pole of the world and the other the Antartick or South Pole and the pin it selfe is called the Axis for the Axis of the world is the Diameter about which it is turned and the extreame ends of the Axis are called the Poles To either of these Poles when need shall require there is a certaine brasse Circle or ring to be fastned which Circle is divided into twenty four equall parts according to the number of the hours day and night and it is therefore called the hour-circle and this Circle is to be applied to either of the Poles in such sort as that the section where twelve is described may precisely agree with the points of mid-day and mid-night in the superficies of the true Meridian There is also another little pinne to be fastned to the end of the Axis in the very Center of the hour circle this pin is so made as it turnes about and poynteth to every of the twenty four sections in the hour-circle according as the Globe it selfe is moved about so that you may place the point of it to what houre you please The use of this hour-circle and Index is to denote the houres of the rising and s●tting of the Sun and other stars which must be practised after this manner First you must set the Globe to your elevation or pole and then apply the degree of the signe in which the Sun at that time is to the Meridian and the Index to that 12 houres which is uppermost and so having thus done you must turne the Globe about till the degree wherein the Sun is come to the Easterne side of the Horizon which done the Index will poynt out the houre of his rising and if you turne it about to the West side you shall in like manner have the houre of his setting There is also belonging to the Meridian a quadrant of Altitude being made of a long thin plate of steel or brasse and fashioned crooked so that it may be applyed to the convexe superficies of the Globe And having the fourth part of the Circle in length and this Quadrant is made in such sort as that it may be fastned on the Meridian and so be applyed to the Zenith of any place whatsoever being divided from one end to the other into 90 equal parts and degrees There is besides at the foot of the Globe a Marriners compasse placed which serves to shew how to place the Globe rightly according to the four windes and quarters of the world Besides these Circles expressed in the Globe there are also some certaine other Circles in familiar use with the Practicall Astronomers which they call verticall Circles these are greater Circles drawn from the verticall poynt through the Horizon in what number you please the office of these Circles is supplyed by the helpe of a quadrant of altitude which is a thin plate of brasse divided into 90 degrees this Quadrant must be applyed to the vertex of any place when you desire to use it so that the lowest end of it noted with the number of 90 may just touch the Horizon in every place this Quadrant is made moveable that so it may be fastned to the verticall point of any place Of the figure of the heavenly Orbes and Elements THe whole world is divided into two parts viz. Elementall and Etheriall or Coelestiall parts The Elementall part is four-fold viz. Earth water aire Fire as may be seen in that round figure of the frame of the Heavens and Elements one within another the inmost and middlemost Circle containing Earth and water intermixed together the next the three Regions of the Aire and immediately above that Orbe is the Element of Fire all which you may easily discerne by their severall names in their proper places The Etheriall or Celestiall parts doe compasse the Elementall part and contain the ten upper Spheares viz. 1 The Moon 2 Mercury 3 Venus 4 Sol 5 Mars 6 Jupiter 7 Saturne 8 the starry Firmament 9 the Christaline Heaven having no stars at all the