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water_n	body_n	earth_n	element_n	7,308	5	10.1853	5	true

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A69834	Galen's art of physick ... translated into English, and largely commented on : together with convenient medicines for all particular distempers of the parts, a description of the complexions, their conditions, and what diet and exercise is fittest for them / by Nich. Culpeper, Gent. ...; Technē iatrikē. English	Galen.; Culpeper, Nicholas, 1616-1654.	1652 (1652)	Wing C7517; Wing G159; ESTC R22670	55,815	130

Galen's Art Of PHYSICK Proemium CHAP. I. ALL the order and Method of Physick so far as concerns Order may be reduced to these three Heads 1. The first consists in Notion which is done by Resolution 2. The Second consists in Composition of those things which are found out by this Resolution And 3. The Third of the Dissolution of Definition This Third contains not only the Dissolution of Definition or defining Diseases but also an explication Resolution Division Explanation or Exposition upon them this is the Basis of our Work at this time and indeed this laies down the Way and Order to the whol Practice of Physick and truly excels the other two as much as the Light of the Sun doth the Light of the Moon and we have drawn it into a very short Compendium that so we may benefit your Judgment and not burden your Memory we have devided it into an hundred Chapters whereof this is the first each of the rest contain easie Rules of Definition yea so easie that a Child of seven yee●s old may understand them and so short that they will not be burdensom to the weakest Memory and although some of the Chapters be very short yet they contain very necessary Rules distinct f●om the rest and he knows nothing that knows not this That Order and Method help the Memory much But put all the Chapters together and they compleatly contain the Definition and Explanation of the whol Art for from these do all Diseases arise and in these doth the very Essence of Physick consist As for the Contemplative part of Physick that hath been largely pe●formed by us in many Treatises which any that pleaseth may make use of We come now to the matter it self only we desire you to take notice that these Heads are more largely discoursed of here and there in other of our Treatises only we drew them up here in this form to satisfie the desires and inform the Judgments of such as intend to study Physick CHAP. 2. What Medicine is MEdicine is the Knowledg of things Healthful not Healthful and Neutral This Definition is nothing else than if you should say Medicine is the Knowledg of things belonging to the Sick 't is not one whit more nor less The Name of the Science which is Medicine is common and can in no wise be taken in a proper sence but things healthful unhealthful and neutral carry each of them a threefold signification viz. As a Body as a Cause and as a Sign For 1. A Body which naturally is apt to live in health and a Cause which is able to effect this and to preserve it being effected and a Sign which is able to s●ew and indicate which way this is to be done all these the Grecians customarily call things healthful 2. The Body surprized and seized by a Disease the Cause which causeth and continueth this Disease and the Indications or Signs which give testimony what this Disease is they also term things unhealthfull 3. In things Neutral they are guided by the same Rules of which we shall speak more in the Third and Sixt Chapters And here we must also make a difference between Science and Action or if you will between the Theorical and Practical part of Medicine For 1. The Theory regards first the Cause of things Healthful then of things Unhealthful Lastly o● things Neutral After this of Bodies first Healthful then Unhealthful and in the last place Neutrals and it walks by the same Rules in Signs or Indications But 2. In Actions or Practice The knowledg of the Body is the first thing which is minded and this is found out by the Signs and the last search in respect of time is after the Cause CHAP. 3. How many several waies A Cause may be said to effect a Sign to give Indication and a Body to receive BUt s●eing that a Cause may be said to effect a Sign to give Indication and a Body receive two waies 1. Simply 2. According to time We must know that the Art of Medicine comprehends them both Simply they do it two waies viz. Alwaies and for the most part both these the Art of Medicine handles But as for things Neutral they are to be considered both in respect of Body Cause and Sign and in those both Simply and according to time under a threefold Consideration and the Reason is because things Neutral partake of Contraries somtimes of one somtimes of the other and somtimes of both together and this last is twofold for somtimes it participates of contraries equally somtimes of one more than another There is in all this Definition if we dilligently heed the words a certain doubtfulness or ambiguity which knot ought to be unloosed that so all things may be made cleer and we may not seem instead of teaching people to lead them into ignorance as the Colledg of Physitians doth and that we may so do we will devide the business and speak of them all particularly We told you Medicine was the exact Knowledg of things Healthful Unhealthful and Neutral and each of these to be considered as a Body as a Sign as a Cause we shall now address our selves to handle 1. Such Bodies as are Healthful Unhealthful and Neutral 2. Such Signs as are Healthful Unhealthful and Neutral 3. Such Causes as are Healthful● Unhealthful and Neutral In all these we shall be both as brief and withal as plain as we can CHAP. 4. Of Healthful Bodies 1. A Body is Simply said to be healthful when it is in good natural temper when the seven Natural things viz. Spirits Elements Complexions Humors Members Vertues Operations keep a good decorum then is a Body Simply said to be in Health 2. A Body in Health according to time is taken not according to the Natural inclination of the Body as the former was but when it is in such a Natural temper as we shewed before only for the time being the former is proper to the Body this but accidental Thus Galen Culpepers Comment I shall here explain a little Galens meaning in those words of his Seven Natural Things 1. Spirit Taken in a Physical sence is an airy substance very subtil and quick dispersed throughout the Body from the Brain Heart and Liver by the Nerves Arteries and Veins by which the powers of the Body are stirred up to perform their Office and Operation 2. An Element is a Body pure simple unmixed from which all Natural things have their Original they are held to be in number four Fire Air Water Earth their Operations are Active as heat and cold Passive as driness and moisture 3. Complexions are the Operations of these Elements upon Mans Body as when the Fire prevails the body is Chollerick when the Air he is Sanguine when the Wa●er he is Flegmatick when the Earth he is Melancholl● 4. Humors are 1. ●holler whose Receptacle is the Gall 2. Blood whose Seat is the Liver 3. Flegm placed in the Lungs 4. Melancholly

if they be sick but if it be natural to them it is very hairy they are full of action hasty in all things angry and Tyrannical Culpeper Herbs Medicinal for such as labor under this Infirmity are Borrage Bugloss Sorrel Woodsorrel Lettice Purslane c. these and Syrups or Conserves made of them also let such drop four or five drops of Oyl of Vitriol or Spirit of Salt in their Drinks and shake it up and down before they drink it Chap. 34. Signs of a hot and moist Heart IF moisture together with heat predominate at the Heart the Mans Breast is not so tough nor hairy they are quick enough to anger and Action but not so cruel in their anger as if driness prevail their Pulse is great soft swift and frequent If the Breast be large they draw their Breath very deep if narrow very thick and their experation or letting out their Breath is done with more swiftness than their inspiration or drawing in their Breath such Bodies are mighty subject to Diseases of Putrefaction of Humors Culpeper Things Medicinal for such are Conserves of red Roses Syrup of Violets of Bawm and of Citron Pils as also of the Juyce of Citrons and Lemmons Preserved Citron Pills c. As for Simples Citron Seeds Rue Bawm Angelica Roots and Leaves Woodsorrel the Flowers os Roses Borrage Bugloss and Violets above all sweating and Bleeding may be commended in this infirmity Harts-horn Ivory Scorzonera Roots and Roots of Butter-Bur c. Chap. 35. Signs of a cold and moist Heart INdications of the Heart when coldness with moisture abounds are softness of the Pulse Fearfulness of Mind slowness of Body he hath scarce Spirit enough to be angry much less to fight as for such things as belongs to the Breast and the rest of the Body you may distinguish them as you were taught before Culpeper Much exercise is very convenient for such Bodies I suppose there were but few troubled with this infirmity in the Spartan Common-wealth in Lycurgus his time Thrashing and cleaving Loggs is good Physick for them For Medicines Aromaticum Rosatum and Aromaticum Caryophillatum Confectio Alchermes Mithridate c. For Simples Rue Angelica Roots Nutmeg● Cinnamon Saffron Marigold Flowers Bettony Bawm Alicampane Rosemary Leaves and Flowers Cum multis aliis quae nunc praescribere longum est Chap. 36. Signs of a cold and dry Heart THe Heart being cold and dry renders the Pulse hard and small yet respiration if the smalness of the Breast answer to the coldness of the Heart is moderate if the Breast be very Broad 't is ●are and slow above all men these are least prone to anger but once anger them and they will never care for you more there is not one of a hundred of them that hath any Hair of his Breast Take this common Notion in all this we have written or shall write concerning this Subject That we when we speak of the Conditions of Men speak of them barely as they are Natural and ingrafted in Man not as they are amended by Phylosophy or Education Culpeper Conserves of Roses Borrage Bugloss and Rosemary Flowers is very good for such as also Marigold Flowers Saffron green Walnuts preserved Juniper Berries Bettony Candied Citron Pills c. Chap. 37. Signs of a hot Liver THe Indications of a hot Liver are bigness of the Veins abundance of red Choller viz. Choller addust the Belly and Bowels are rough and the Blood hot also the whol Body is distempered with heat unless the coolness of the Heart hinder Chap. 38. Signs of a cold Liver THe coldness of the Liver is known by narrowness of the Veins abundance of Flegm the whol Constitution of the Body is cold idle and lazy unless the Heart be all the hotter the Bowels and Belly Viz. The Region of them is smooth Chap. 39. Signs of a dry Liver A Dry Liver causeth thick Blood and but a little of it the Veins a●● hard the whol Body is dry and needs must if the Liver that makes the Blood which nourisheth it be so Chap. 40. Signs of a moist Liver A Moist Liver gives abundance of Blood but there is much water amongst it the Veins are soft and so is all the Body unless the Heat of the Heart withstand it Thus much for the qualities of the Liver considered as Simple by themselves and not commixed with one another Chap. 41. Signs of a hot and dry Liver THe Indications af the Liver when it is hotter and drier than it ought to be are The Bowels are rough the Blood thick and dry soundly pestered with Choller it is yellow Choller in youth but black or addust Choller in age the party is subject to dry Scabs the Veins are large and hard and although the Heat of the Heart may withstand the coldness of the Liver yet cannot the moisture of the Heart withstand the driness of the Liver for the driness of the Heart is sooner overcome by the moisture of the Liver than the driness of the Liver by the moisture of the Heart Culpeper Herbs Medicinable are Liverwort Strawberry and Violet Leaves R●isons of the Sun Endive Succory Fumitory Water-Lillies Lettic● Purslain Nightshade these or any of these or others like them in operation are excellent to boyl in clarified Whey in the Summer time Also the Compounds of them Syrups or Conserves made of them as also Dandelyon Scabious Devils bit Scurvy-grass Groundsel Peach Leaves Dyers Weed Furs Flowers c. Chap. 42. Signs of a Hot and Moist Liver IF the Liver be hot and moist the Bowels are not so rough as when it is hot and dry they abound exceedingly with Blood their Veins are large the habit of their Body hot and moist unless the heat of the Heart spoil all If these two Qualities surpass the Bounds of Nature and Mediocrity presently comes a Disease of Putrefaction of corrupt Humors if moisture abound more than heat of adustion of Blood if heat abound more than moisture Culpeper This Temper of the Liver keeping a due decorum makes a pure Sanguine Complexion as the former did a Chollerick for all Complexions or at least such as people call Complexion comes from the Liver If the qualities of the Liver abound Bleeding and Sweating is your Cure afterward if your Liver be too hot you may cool it as you were taught before if too cold you may heat it as you shall be taught hereafter Chap. 43. Signs of a Cold and Moist Liver THe Indications of a Liver colder and moister than it ought to be gives smooth and slick Bowels the Veins are narrow the colour pale and the Blood is filled with Flegm the whol Body if the heat of the Heart hinder not is full of Flegm lazy idle dull fat and plump Culpeper Here you have the Description of a Flegmatick Complexion wherein if you perceive Flegm exceed the due limits of reason you may thus correct the cold and moist temper of the Liver that so it may breed better

Conditions They are more liberal bolder and merrier than Melancholly persons are as also less cowardly not so pensive nor solitary neither are they troubled with such fearful conceits but are gentle sober patient trusty affable courteous studious to do others good Diet and Exercise fitting For as much as digestion in these is good they need not be so penurious in Diet as the former much fasting fill their Bodie full of wind and much strong Beer and Wine inflames the Blood Moderate Exercise purifies their Blood strengthens their Bodies and makes their Skin cleer Sanguine-Melancholly Complexion Description THey are mean of Stature but strong well compact Bodies fleshy but not fat big Veins and Arteries smooth warm Skin somthing hairy but not so hairy as Sanguine people have Their Hair is either black or a very black brown their Cheeks red somthing clouded with duskiness their Pulses great and full the Urine yellow and mean in respect of thickness and thinness their digestion good the Excrements of their Bellies reddish and somthing thin they usually dream of deep Pits and Wells and somtimes of flying in the Air Conditions Their Conditions are much like to the Conditions of a Sanguine Man but that they are not altogether so merry nor so liberal a spice of a Melancholly temper being inherent in them As for Diet and Exercise that which we described under Melancholly-Sanguine will suffice for these also only take notice that strong Liquor and violent Exercise is more subject to inflame the Blood Sanguine-Flegmatick Complexion Description THey are higher of Stature than Sanguine with strong well set Bodies not very fat their Hair is flaxen or very light brown their Face is of a paler red than Sanguine peoples is neither are their Bodies so hairy their Pulse is Moderate their Appetite good their Digestion indifferent their Urine subcitrine and mean in substance their egestion white in some places and red in others they dream of flying in the Air Rain and Waters Conditions As for Conditions they are less liberal and not so much addicted to the Sports of Venus as Sanguine are neither are their Spirits so bold nor their Bodies so hairy Diet and Exercise fitting Seing the Digestion of such People is but meanly strong let them not eat as much in one day as they can digest in two let their Diet be such as is not too hard of digestion for their Stomachs are nothing neer so hot as an Estriches If they love their appetite better than their health and will take in more food than is fitting for them let them expect the Chollick smal Pox Meazles c. Let not their Drink be too smal for that makes but thin and watry Blood in such Constitutions it dulls their Brain and causeth Dropsies and Gouts Moderate Exercise is very profitable to consume their Superfluities Flegmatick-Sanguine Complexion Description FLegmatick-Sanguine people are but mean of stature somwhat gross and fat of Body smooth soft Skin and somwhat cold in touching they have but few hairs upon their Bodies and are long without Beards their hair is light yellow light brown or flaxen no waies curling their colour whitely with some very smal redness if any their digestion is somwhat weak and less than their Appetites their Pulse smal and low their Urine somwhat thick and palish they somtimes dream of falling down from some high place into the water Conditions Their Conditions are so-so between Flegmatick and Sanguine neither very liberal nor very covetous neither very idle nor much imployed neither very merry nor very sad rather fearful of the two than valiant Diet and Exercise fit Let them beware of overfilling themselves with meat if they love their health but half so well as they love their ●ase so they will much eating and drinking fills the Stomachs of such people full of raw humors and sowr Flegm engenders the small Pox and Meazles and dulls their wit which naturally is none of the quickest Strong Beer and Wine taken in Mediocrity is not h●rtful for them and let them take this from me and say I told them the truth the more they accustom their Bodies to exercise the better 't is for them Flegmatick-Chollerick Complexion Description SUch are tall of stature but not so big nor yet so fat as Flegmatick their Bodies are somthing hairy and they pretty soon have Beards they have usually Hair of a Chestnut colour not curling and soft their Faces of a tauny red full of Freckles their Appetite and Digestion is indifferent as being pretty well met a moderate and pretty full Pulse their Urine subcitrine and mean in respect of thickness the Excrements of their Belly of a pale yellow and thick they usually dream of swimming in the Water Snow and Rain Conditions They are not such drowsie lazy ●leepy Creatures as Flegmatick folks are but are nimbler bolder and kinder merrier and quicker witted Diet and Exercise convenient Although they may be a little bolder with their food than Flegmatick may yet is digestion in them none of the strongest and excess in meat fills their Bodies with Choller and punisheth their Carcasses with Chollerick Diseases Excess of Drink spoils their Digestion and weakens Nature but moderate Exercise refresheth it Chollerick-Flegmatick Complexion Description SUch are but mean of stature but stout lusty strong Bodies strong Bones well set Creatures neither fat nor lean but in that respect they keep the Golden Mean they have lusty great Bones their Skin is hairy and moderate to feeling in respect of heat and moisture their Hair is yellowish or sandy flaxen and their Face of a tawnyish yellow colour their Digestion is good their Pulse swift their Urine thin and of the colour of Saffron their egestion yellow and hard they dream of fighting Lightning and Rain hot Baths and hot Waters Conditions Their Conditions are not much different from those of Chollerick men only the Vices of Choller is moderated by Flegm therefore a Chollerick-Flegmatick man is nothing so vicious as one purely Chollerick neither doth any Humor set a stop to the unbridled passions of Choller so as Flegm doth because 't is so contrary to it judg the like by the rest Diet and Exercise fitting A slender Diet works the same evil effects in quality though not in quantity that it doth in Chollerick Much excess in strong Drink inflames the Blood and out of such Inflamation proceeds Putrefaction which begets a Generation of rotten Feavers Pestilences small Pox c. Pleuresies and Apostumes Let their Exerc●●e be neither violent nor ex●essive Thus I have done what I promised you if any think some other mixtures may be which here be not set down by reason of a Planet of a contrary nature being in the Ascendent at the Birth as for example If Mars should ascend in Gemines you may say the Nature would be Chollerick-Sanguine he may by these Rules find out the Description Condition and requisite Diet If he think he cannot let him reade this over till he