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from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v of_o chemistry_n already_o to_o which_o all_o the_o advances_n that_o have_v ever_o be_v make_v in_o that_o art_n unless_o when_o experiment_n have_v be_v try_v upon_o vegetable_a or_o animal_n substance_n be_v proper_o to_o be_v refer_v i_o take_v mineral_n here_o in_o the_o large_a sense_n for_o all_o sort_n of_o earth_n sulphur_n salt_n stone_n metal_n and_o mineral_n proper_o so_o call_v for_o chemistry_n be_v not_o only_o circumstantial_o useful_a but_o essential_o necessary_a here_o since_o a_o great_a many_o mineral_n of_o very_a differ_a nature_n will_v never_o have_v be_v know_v to_o have_v belong_v to_o several_a family_n if_o they_o have_v not_o be_v examine_v in_o the_o furnace_n of_o the_o chemist_n but_o i_o think_v this_o be_v so_o clear_a that_o i_o shall_v lose_v time_n if_o i_o shall_v say_v any_o thing_n more_o about_o it_o and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v rather_o mention_v some_o other_o thing_n wherein_o discovery_n have_v be_v make_v in_o and_o by_o
in_o a_o great_a measure_n by_o telescope_n who_o chief_a use_n that_o come_v under_o our_o consideration_n be_v to_o discern_v the_o star_n and_o other_o celestial_a body_n to_o find_v out_o the_o first_o inventor_n of_o these_o sort_n of_o glass_n it_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o learn_v who_o first_o find_v out_o the_o property_n of_o convex_a and_o concave_a glass_n in_o the_o refraction_n of_o light_n dr._n plot_n have_v collect_v a_o great_a deal_n concern_v f._n bacon_n in_o his_o natural_a history_n of_o oxfordshire_n which_o seem_v to_o put_v it_o out_o of_o doubt_n that_o he_o know_v that_o great_a object_n may_v appear_v little_a and_o small_a object_n appear_v great_a that_o distant_a object_n will_v seem_v near_o and_o near_a object_n seem_v afar_o off_o by_o different_a application_n of_o convex_a and_o concave_a glass_n upon_o the_o credit_n of_o which_o authority_n mr._n molineux_n 258._o attribute_n the_o invention_n of_o spectacle_n to_o this_o learned_a friar_n the_o time_n to_o which_o their_o early_a use_n may_v be_v trace_v agree_v very_o well_o with_o the_o time_n in_o which_o he_o live_v but_o how_o far_a f._n bacon_n go_v we_o know_v not_o so_o that_o we_o must_v go_v into_o holland_n for_o the_o first_o inventor_n of_o these_o excellent_a instrument_n and_o there_o they_o be_v first_o find_v out_o by_o one_o zacharias_n joannides_n 30._o a_o spectacle-maker_n 35._o of_o middleburgh_n in_o zealand_n in_o 1590._o 30._o he_o present_v a_o tellescope_n of_o two_o glass_n to_o prince_n maurice_n and_o another_o to_o archduke_n albert_n the_o former_a of_o who_o apprehend_v that_o they_o may_v be_v of_o great_a use_n in_o war_n desire_v he_o to_o conceal_v his_o secret_n for_o this_o reason_n his_o name_n be_v so_o little_o know_v that_o neither_o des_fw-mi cartes_n dioptric_n nor_o gerhard_n vossius_fw-la 70._o have_v ever_o hear_v any_o thing_n of_o he_o when_o they_o attribute_v the_o invention_n of_o telescope_n to_o jacobus_n metius_n 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remedy_v by_o mr._n boyle_n cold._n who_o seal_v up_o the_o liquor_n in_o the_o tubes_fw-la hermetical_o that_o so_o nothing_o but_o only_a heat_n and_o cold_a may_v have_v any_o operation_n upon_o they_o the_o use_v to_o which_o they_o have_v be_v apply_v may_v be_v see_v at_o large_a in_o mr._n boyle_n history_n of_o cold_a and_o the_o experiment_n of_o the_o academy_n del_fw-it cimento_fw-it 2._o the_o baroscope_n or_o torricellian_a experiment_n so_o call_v from_o its_o inventor_n evangelista_n torricelli_n a_o florentine_a mathematician_n who_o about_o the_o year_n 1643._o find_v that_o quicksilver_n will_v stand_v erect_v in_o a_o tube_n above_o 28_o inch_n from_o the_o surface_n of_o other_o quicksilver_n into_o which_o the_o tube_n be_v immerse_v if_o it_o be_v before_o well_o purge_v of_o air._n this_o noble_a experiment_n soon_o convince_v the_o world_n that_o the_o air_n be_v a_o actual_o heavy_a body_n and_o gravitates_fw-la upon_o every_o thing_n here_o below_o this_o
be_v rational_a and_o become_v man_n of_o their_o genius_n but_o not_o have_v as_o yet_o be_v make_v evident_a by_o experiment_n it_o may_v as_o easy_o be_v deny_v as_o affirm_v servetus_n first_o see_v that_o the_o blood_n pass_v through_o the_o lung_n columbus_n go_v further_a and_o show_v the_o uses_n of_o the_o valve_n or_o trapdoor_n of_o the_o heart_n which_o let_v the_o blood_n in_o and_o out_o of_o their_o respective_a vessel_n but_o not_o the_o self_n same_o road_n thus_o the_o way_n be_v just_o open_a when_o dr._n harvey_n come_v who_o build_v upon_o the_o first_o foundation_n to_o make_v his_o work_n yet_o the_o easy_a the_o valve_n of_o the_o vein_n which_o be_v discover_v by_o f._n paul_n the_o venetian_a have_v not_o long_o before_o be_v explain_v by_o fabricius_n ab_fw-la aqua_fw-la pendent_fw-la whence_o the_o circulation_n be_v yet_o more_o clear_o demonstrate_v there_o be_v one_o thing_n still_o want_v to_o complete_a this_o theory_n and_o that_o be_v the_o knowledge_n how_o the_o vein_n receive_v that_o blood_n which_o the_o artery_n discharge_v first_o it_o be_v believe_v that_o the_o mouth_n of_o each_o sort_n of_o vessel_n join_v into_o one_o another_o that_o opinion_n be_v soon_o lay_v aside_o because_o it_o be_v find_v that_o the_o capillary_a vessel_n be_v so_o extreme_o small_a that_o it_o be_v impossible_a with_o the_o naked_a eye_n to_o trace_v they_o this_o put_v they_o upon_o imagine_v that_o the_o blood_n ouze_v out_o of_o the_o artery_n and_o be_v absorb_v by_o the_o vein_n who_o small_a orifice_n receive_v it_o as_o it_o lie_v in_o the_o fibres_fw-es of_o the_o muscle_n or_o in_o the_o parenchyma_n of_o the_o bowel_n which_o opinion_n have_v be_v general_o receive_v by_o most_o anatomist_n since_o dr._n harvey_n time_n but_o mounseur_fw-fr leeuwenhoek_n have_v late_o find_v in_o several_a sort_n of_o fish_n 66._o which_o be_v more_o manageable_a by_o his_o glass_n than_o other_o animal_n that_o artery_n and_o vein_n be_v real_o continue_v syphon_n various_o wind_v about_o each_o other_o towards_o their_o extremity_n in_o numberless_a maze_n over_o all_o the_o body_n and_o other_o have_v find_v 177._o what_o he_o say_v to_o be_v very_o true_a in_o a_o water_n newt_n so_o that_o this_o discovery_n have_v pass_v uncontested_a and_o since_o it_o have_v be_v constant_o find_v that_o nature_n follow_v like_o method_n in_o all_o sort_n of_o animal_n where_o she_o use_v the_o same_o sort_n of_o instrument_n it_o will_v always_o be_v believe_v that_o the_o blood_n circulate_v in_o man_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o it_o do_v in_o eel_n perch_n pike_n carp_n bat_n and_o some_o other_o creature_n in_o which_o monsieur_n leeuwenhoek_v try_v it_o though_o the_o way_n how_o it_o may_v be_v visible_a to_o the_o eye_n in_o man_n have_v not_o that_o i_o know_v of_o be_v yet_o discover_v however_o this_o visible_a circulation_n of_o the_o blood_n in_o these_o creature_n effectual_o remove_v sir_n william_n temple_n scruple_n who_o seem_v unwilling_a to_o believe_v the_o circulation_n of_o the_o blood_n because_o he_o can_v not_o see_v it_o his_o word_n be_v these_o 45._o nay_o it_o be_v dispute_v whether_o harvey_n be_v circulation_n of_o the_o blood_n be_v true_a or_o no_o for_o though_o reason_n may_v seem_v to_o favour_v it_o more_o than_o the_o contrary_a opinion_n yet_o sense_n can_v very_o hardly_o allow_v it_o and_o to_o satisfy_v mankind_n both_o these_o must_v concur_v sense_n therefore_o here_o allow_v it_o and_o that_o this_o sense_n may_v the_o soon_o concur_v mounseur_fw-fr leeuwenhoek_n describe_v the_o method_n how_o this_o experiment_n may_v be_v try_v in_o his_o 66_o the_o letter_n the_o inference_n that_o may_v be_v make_v from_o this_o noble_a discovery_n be_v obvious_a and_o so_o i_o shall_v not_o stay_v to_o mention_v they_o chap._n xix_o further_a reflection_n upon_o ancient_n and_o modern_a anatomy_n if_o after_o this_o long_a enquiry_n into_o the_o first_o discovery_n of_o the_o circulation_n of_o the_o blood_n it_o shall_v be_v find_v that_o the_o anatomy_n of_o the_o heart_n be_v but_o slight_o know_v to_o the_o ancient_n it_o will_v not_o i_o suppose_v be_v a_o matter_n of_o any_o great_a wonder_n the_o first_o opinion_n which_o we_o have_v of_o the_o texture_n of_o the_o heart_n be_v that_o of_o hypocrates_n 4._o that_o it_o be_v a_o very_a strong_a muscle_n this_o though_o true_a be_v reject_v afterward_o for_o want_n of_o know_v its_o true_a use_n its_o internal_a division_n its_o valve_n and_o large_a visible_a fibres_n be_v well_o know_v and_o distinct_o describe_v by_o the_o ancient_n only_o they_o be_v mistake_v in_o think_v that_o there_o be_v a_o communication_n between_o the_o ventricles_n through_o the_o septum_fw-la which_o be_v now_o general_o know_v to_o be_v a_o error_n the_o order_n of_o the_o muscular_a fibres_fw-fr of_o the_o heart_n be_v not_o know_v before_o dr._n lower_n who_o discover_v they_o to_o be_v spiral_n like_o a_o snale-shell_n as_o if_o several_a skains_n of_o thread_n of_o differ_v length_n have_v be_v wind_v up_o into_o a_o bottom_n of_o such_o a_o shape_n hollow_a and_o divide_v within_o by_o all_o these_o discovery_n alphonsus_n borellus_n 5._o be_v enable_v to_o give_v such_o a_o solution_n of_o all_o the_o appearance_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o heart_n and_o of_o the_o blood_n in_o the_o artery_n upon_o mathematical_a and_o mechanical_a principle_n as_o will_v give_v a_o more_o satisfactory_a account_n of_o the_o wonderful_a method_n of_o nature_n in_o dispense_n life_n and_o nourishment_n to_o every_o part_n of_o the_o body_n than_o all_o that_o have_v ever_o be_v write_v upon_o these_o subject_n before_o those_o thing_n be_v find_v out_o below_o the_o midriff_n be_v several_a very_o noble_a viscera_n the_o stomach_n the_o liver_n the_o pancreas_n or_o sweetbread_n the_o spleen_n the_o reins_o the_o intestine_n the_o gland_n of_o the_o mesentery_n and_o the_o instrument_n of_o generation_n of_o both_o sex_n in_o the_o anatomical_a knowledge_n of_o all_o which_o part_n the_o ancient_n be_v exceed_o defective_a the_o coat_n of_o the_o stomach_n have_v be_v separate_v and_o the_o several_a fibres_fw-fr of_o the_o middle_a coat_n examine_v by_o dr._n willis_n rational_a with_o more_o exactness_n than_o former_o he_o also_o have_v be_v very_o nice_a in_o trace_v the_o blood-vessel_n and_o nerve_n that_o run_v among_o the_o coat_n have_v evident_o show_v that_o its_o inside_n be_v cover_v with_o a_o glandulous_a coat_n who_o gland_n separate_v that_o mucilage_n which_o both_o preserve_v the_o fibre_n from_o be_v injure_v by_o the_o aliment_n which_o the_o stomach_n receive_v and_o concur_v with_o the_o hospital_n to_o further_o the_o digestion_n there_o perform_v and_o have_v give_v a_o very_a particular_a account_n of_o all_o those_o several_a row_v of_o fibres_n which_o compose_v the_o musculous_a coat_n to_o which_o if_o we_o add_v steno_n discovery_n of_o the_o fibre_n of_o the_o musculous_a coat_n of_o the_o gullet_n that_o they_o be_v spiral_n in_o a_o double_a order_n one_o ascend_v the_o other_o descend_v which_o run_v contrary_a course_n and_o mutual_o cross_v each_o other_o in_o every_o wind_v with_o dr._n cole_n 125._o discovery_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o fibre_n of_o the_o intestine_n that_o they_o also_o move_v spiral_o though_o not_o perhaps_o in_o a_o contrary_a order_n from_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o duodenum_fw-la to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o straight_a gut_n the_o anatomy_n of_o those_o part_n seem_v to_o be_v almost_o complete_a the_o great_a use_n of_o the_o stomach_n and_o the_o gut_n be_v to_o prepare_v the_o chyle_n and_o then_o to_o transmit_v it_o through_o the_o gland_n of_o the_o mesentery_n into_o the_o blood_n this_o the_o ancient_n know_v very_o well_o the_o manner_n how_o it_o be_v do_v they_o know_v not_o galen_n 5._o hold_v that_o the_o mesaraick_n vein_n as_o also_o those_o which_o go_v from_o the_o stomach_n to_o the_o liver_n carry_v the_o chyle_n thither_o which_o by_o the_o warmth_n of_o the_o liver_n be_v put_v into_o a_o heat_n whereby_o the_o faeculency_n be_v separate_v from_o the_o more_o spirituous_a part_n and_o by_o their_o weight_n sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n the_o pure_a part_n go_v into_o the_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la the_o dregs_o which_o be_v of_o two_o sort_n choler_n and_o melancholy_n go_v into_o several_a receptacle_n the_o choler_n be_v lodge_v in_o the_o gallbladder_n and_o porus_n bilarius_fw-la melancholy_a be_v carry_v off_o by_o the_o spleen_n the_o original_a of_o all_o these_o notion_n be_v ignorance_n of_o the_o anatomy_n of_o all_o these_o part_n as_o also_o of_o the_o constant_a motion_n of_o the_o blood_n through_o the_o lung_n and_o heart_n herophilus_n who_o be_v commend_v as_o the_o able_a anatomist_n of_o antiquity_n find_v out_o 19_o that_o there_o be_v vein_n disperse_v